Retaining wall construction, in particular for fastening a slope or the like, and method for the production thereof

Abstract

A retaining wall structure (10) for securing a slope (18) comprises at least one inner gabion wall section (12) and at least one outer facing wall section (20). It is proposed that at least in some areas there is a gap (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20), that the facing wall section (20) is anchored in a subsoil (16) (24) by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section (12), that the gap (22) is filled at least in some areas with a first material (26), and that the anchor section (24) in the gap (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20) is surrounded at least in some areas by a hardening second material (40) that differs from the first material.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a retaining wall construction, in particular for securing an embankment or the like, and a method for its production, according to the preambles of the independent claims.

[0002] A gabion is typically a wire basket filled with stones, which is used, for example, in landscape architecture, hydraulic engineering, and road and path construction for the construction of large embankments, as retaining walls, etc. Gabions serve as retaining elements on slopes to absorb horizontal earth pressure. Gabion walls are often used as sections of retaining wall structures for stabilizing road embankments. EP 1 775 388 A2 discloses a retaining wall structure with a concrete-filled gabion wall section and, on one visible side, a facing wall section that can be filled with gravel, rubble, or earth. DE 198 08 020 A1 describes a retaining wall structure with prefabricated slabs.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to improve the stability of existing gabion walls both in the context of renovations and to permanently ensure the stability of new retaining wall structures that include gabion wall sections.

[0004] This object is achieved by a retaining wall structure and a method for its production having the features of the respective independent claim. Advantageous further developments are specified in the subclaims.

[0005] The retaining wall structure according to the invention has the advantage of being very stable and durable, while at the same time being only slightly thinner than retaining wall structures that essentially consist only of the actual gabion wall. Furthermore, it can be manufactured using materials typically used in civil engineering.

[0006] Specifically, a retaining wall structure is proposed that can be used, for example—but by no means exclusively—to stabilize a slope. The retaining wall structure according to the invention comprises at least one interior gabion wall section. "Interior" here means that the gabion wall section is arranged in an area of ​​the retaining wall structure that faces or borders the subsoil to be supported. It is conceivable that the gabion wall section comprises a plurality of gabion elements, for example, a plurality of gabion elements arranged one above the other in a stepped manner.

[0007] Furthermore, the retaining wall structure includes at least one external facing wall section. "External" here means that the facing wall section is located in a part of the retaining wall structure that faces an open area, such as a road or open space. A typical thickness of the facing wall section is approximately 15-30 cm.

[0008] A gap exists at least partially between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section of the retaining wall structure. Depending on the relative alignment of the facing wall section and the gabion wall section, the gap can, for example, have a tapered cross-section when viewed laterally. The facing wall section is anchored in the subsoil by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section. The anchor section can be attached to the facing wall section, for example, using a dowel plate.

[0009] Typically, the anchor section is driven or inserted through the gabion wall section into the subsoil behind the gabion wall section before the facing wall section is installed. For this purpose, a hole can be pre-drilled in both the gabion wall section and the subsoil behind the gabion wall section. After inserting the anchor section into this hole, it can be grouted with a cement slurry, for example, which expands upon hardening. This allows the anchor section to be reliably anchored in the subsoil.

[0010] According to the invention, the intermediate space is at least partially filled with a first material, and the anchor section in the intermediate space between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section is at least partially surrounded by a hardening second material that is different from the first material. It is understood that the first material and / or the second material can each be a mixture of different materials. Using the first material, the intermediate space can be filled very individually with the most suitable material according to the specific construction situation. Furthermore, the stability and strength of the retaining wall construction according to the invention are thereby further increased, and the anchor section is reliably protected against corrosion by the second and preferably fluid-tight material, for example in-situ concrete or similar.

[0011] In a further development, the first material comprises a permeable lean concrete, a permeable mineral concrete, or a permeable fill, such as gravel or crushed material. These are all frost-resistant materials that exhibit relatively high water permeability, which is beneficial for the durability of the retaining wall structure. If a hardening material is used for the first material, such as the aforementioned lean concrete or the aforementioned mineral concrete, this additionally firmly connects the gabion wall section to the facing wall section.This ultimately results in a solid retaining wall structure consisting of sections firmly connected to each other and to the subsoil. The side of the retaining wall structure facing the subsoil is essentially formed by the gabion wall section, and the side of the retaining wall structure facing away from the subsoil is essentially formed by the facing wall section. The anchor sections and the fill material ensure that the retaining wall structure as a whole is reliably anchored in the subsoil.

[0012] In a further development, the retaining wall section comprises a prefabricated concrete wall. This significantly reduces the effort required on site to construct the retaining wall structure. This also reduces the costs for constructing the retaining wall structure according to the invention.

[0013] In a further development, the facing wall section is provided with a cladding on one visible side. This allows the inventive retaining wall construction to be used in a wide variety of scenarios. For example, the cladding can visually resemble a natural stone wall, a classic stone-filled gabion, or a wooden structure, etc.

[0014] In a further development, the anchor section is designed to include a micropile. Such a micropile, also typically referred to as a "ground nail," is a commercially available construction element in civil engineering and is therefore inexpensive.

[0015] In a further development, a base region of the facing wall section is arranged directly adjacent to a base region of the gabion wall section. Consequently, the thickness of the retaining wall structure is increased as little as possible by the facing wall section present in addition to the gabion wall section, thereby expanding the range of applications of the retaining wall structure according to the invention.

[0016] In a further development, the average angle between the gabion wall section and a vertical line is greater than the average angle between the facing wall section and the vertical line. This creates a roughly triangular gap in cross-section, i.e., viewed from the side. This allows the retaining wall structure to require minimal space at the base, while maintaining high stability at the top.

[0017] A further development proposes that the base of the retaining wall section be supported on a cast-in-place concrete foundation and secured to it by connecting reinforcement extending downwards from the retaining wall section. This further increases the stability of the retaining wall structure.

[0018] The invention also includes a retaining wall construction, in particular for securing an embankment or the like, comprising at least one inner gabion wall section and at least one outer facing wall section, wherein an intermediate space is present at least in some areas between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, wherein the facing wall section is anchored in a subsoil by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section, and wherein the intermediate space is filled at least in some areas with a hardening filler material. The anchor section in the intermediate space between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section can be surrounded at least in some areas by in-situ concrete. Furthermore, the hardening filler material can comprise a mineral concrete.

[0019] The method according to the invention for producing a retaining wall structure, in particular for securing an embankment or the like, comprises the following steps: a. arranging a facing wall section relative to a gabion wall section such that an intermediate space is present at least in some areas between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, b. securing the facing wall section and the gabion wall section by means of an anchor section fastened to the facing wall section and penetrating the gabion wall section, wherein the anchor section is anchored in a subsoil at the end protruding from the facing wall section, c. filling the intermediate space at least in some areas with a hardening filling material.

[0020] The invention also includes a method for producing a retaining wall structure, in particular for securing an embankment or the like, comprising the following steps: a. arranging a facing wall section (20) relative to a gabion wall section such that an intermediate space is present at least in some areas between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, b. securing the facing wall section and the gabion wall section by means of an anchor section fastened to the facing wall section and penetrating the gabion wall section, wherein the anchor section is anchored in a subsoil at the end protruding from the facing wall section, c. filling the intermediate space at least in some areas with a hardening filling material.

[0021] In the following, an embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the sole Figure 1 explained.

[0022] A retaining wall construction supports Figure 1The retaining wall structure 10 is designated overall by reference numeral 10. In the present case, it comprises a gabion wall section 12, which, in the present case, is formed, for example, by four gabion elements 14a-d arranged in a stepped manner, one above the other in the vertical direction, and slightly offset from one another in the horizontal direction. The retaining wall structure 10 serves, in the present case, for example, to stabilize a subsoil 16 of a slope 18. With respect to the retaining wall structure 10, the gabion wall section 12 with the gabion elements 14a-d is located inward, i.e., toward the subsoil 16.

[0023] The retaining wall structure 10 also includes a facing wall section 20. This is located on the outside of the retaining wall structure 10, i.e. on the side of the retaining wall structure 10 facing away from the subsoil 16. Between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20, a gap 22 is present in some areas. It is understood that the retaining wall structure 10 is arranged in a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of the Figure 1 ("Depth direction") can have almost any desired extent. For this purpose, for example, a plurality of facing wall sections 20 and a plurality of gabion wall sections 12 can be arranged adjacent to one another and / or firmly connected to one another in the depth direction.

[0024] The facing wall section 20 is anchored in the building ground 16 by means of an anchor section 24, wherein in an embodiment not shown both in the Figure 1 shown plane as well as in a direction perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 several such anchor sections can also be used. For this purpose, the anchor section 24 penetrates the uppermost gabion element 14d in the figure. For anchoring in the subsoil 16, the anchor section 24 is typically inserted a few meters, for example 2-3 m, into a previously drilled hole in the subsoil 16, into which a hardening and expanding cement suspension is then injected. Furthermore, the intermediate space 22 is partially filled with a first material 26, in this case, for example, with a hardening filler material, for example, a permeable mineral concrete. Alternatively, a permeable lean concrete and / or a permeable fill could be used, for example with gravel or excavated material. It is understood that the first material 26 can also be a mixture of different materials. In any case, it is particularly advantageous if the first material has good permeability.

[0025] The facing wall section 20 is embodied, for example, as a prefabricated wall, for example made of concrete. On a visible side 28 facing away from the subsoil 16, the facing wall section 20 has, for example, a cladding 30, which creates a desired visual appearance for the facing wall section 20.

[0026] The above-mentioned anchor section 24 is designed as a so-called micropile or ground nail. This is typically made of structural steel. It is connected to the facing wall section 20 in its Figure 1 upper area. For this purpose, a plate 34 is attached to the facing wall section 20 on a rear side 32 of the facing wall section 20 facing the gabion wall section 12 or the subsoil 16 with dowels 36. The plate 34 is typically also made of structural steel.

[0027] A fastening section 37, which projects toward the anchor section 24, is fastened, for example welded, to the plate 34. The fastening section 37 is in turn connected to the anchor section 24 by a connecting device 38, which can be a connecting device typical in building and / or civil engineering for connecting steel reinforcements or the like. It can be seen that the area of ​​the anchor section 24 located in the intermediate space 22, in which the connecting device 38 is also located, is surrounded by a second, hardening and in particular fluid-tight material 40, in this case, for example, cast-in-place concrete. The first material 26 and the second material 40 are different from one another.

[0028] A foot area 42 of the front wall section 20 is, in the present example, immediately adjacent to a foot area 44 of the Figure 1lowermost gabion element 14a. A mean angle 46 between the gabion wall section 12 and a vertical 48 is greater than a mean angle 50 between the facing wall section 20 and the vertical 48. A typical inclination of the facing wall section 20 is in the range of 8:1.

[0029] Thus, the distance between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20 increases starting from the two foot areas 42 and 44 in Figure 1 upwards to the upper ends 52 and 54 of the facing wall 20 and the gabion wall 12. This gives the gap 22 between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20 an approximately triangular cross-section when viewed from the side. The gap between the lowest gabion element 14a and the base area 42 of the facing wall section 20 is filled with concrete 56.

[0030] The base region 42 of the facing wall section 20 is supported on a foundation 58 made of cast-in-place concrete and secured therein by a connecting reinforcement 60 projecting downward from the facing wall section 20. For the drainage of liquids, a drainage pipe 62 can be arranged, for example, in the fill material 26 formed by mineral concrete in the intermediate space 22. Furthermore, a channel 64 can be provided in the area of ​​the foundation 58, also for the drainage of liquids. The foundation 58 can also be anchored in the subsoil 16 by a micropile or ground nail 66.

[0031] Typically, the retaining wall structure 10 is constructed as part of a rehabilitation of the slope 18, which includes one or more gabion wall sections 12. However, this is not mandatory. In the context of such an exemplary rehabilitation, initially only the slope 18 with at least one gabion wall section 12 and the gabion elements 14a-d—here, as an example—is present. To stabilize these, the anchor section 24 is first driven through the gabion wall section 12 into the subsoil 16 or secured therein.

[0032] Then, the foundation 58 is constructed, at least in sections, and the facing wall section 20 is arranged as a prefabricated component in the desired position and connected to the anchor section 24, thereby securing it. Finally, the foundation 58 is finalized, the concrete 56 is poured, the drainage pipe 62 is inserted, the first material 26, or the fill material, or mineral concrete, or the like, is poured into the intermediate space 22, the second material 40, or the in-situ concrete, is poured, and finally, the top is filled with soil 68 or the like.

Claims

1. Retaining wall construction (10), in particular for securing a slope (18) or the like, comprising at least one inner gabion wall section (12) and at least one outer facing wall section (20), characterized in that an intermediate space (22) is present at least in some areas between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20), that the facing wall section (20) is anchored in a building ground (16) (24) by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section (12), that the intermediate space (22) is filled at least in some areas with a first material (26), and that the anchor section (24) in the intermediate space (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20) is surrounded at least in some areas by a hardening second material (40) which is different from the first material.

2. Retaining wall construction (10) according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe first material comprises a permeable lean concrete, a permeable mineral concrete, or a permeable fill.

3. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facing wall section (20) comprises a prefabricated concrete wall.

4. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front wall section (20) has a cladding (30) on a visible side (28).

5. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor section (24) comprises a micropile.

6. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a foot region (42) of the facing wall section (20) is arranged immediately adjacent to a foot region (44) of the gabion wall section (12).

7. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mean angle (46) between the gabion wall section (12) and a vertical (48) is greater than a mean angle (50) between the facing wall section (20) and the vertical (48).

8. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a foot region (42) of the facing wall section (20) is supported on a foundation (58) made of in-situ concrete and is secured therein by a connecting reinforcement (60) projecting downwards from the facing wall section (20).

9. Method for producing a retaining wall structure (10), in particular for securing an embankment (18) or the like, comprising the following steps: a. arranging a facing wall section (20) relative to a gabion wall section (12) such that an intermediate space (22) is present at least in some regions between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20), b. securing the facing wall section (20) and the gabion wall section (12) by means of an anchor section (24) fastened to the facing wall section (20) and penetrating the gabion wall section (12), wherein the anchor section (24) is anchored in a subsoil (16) at the end protruding from the facing wall section (20), c. filling the intermediate space (22) at least in some regions with a first material (26), d.at least partially surrounding the anchor section (24) in the intermediate space (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20) with a hardening second material (40) which differs from the first material (40).

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