Roller for a comminuting apparatus for comminuting material to be comminuted

Abstract

The invention relates to a comminuting apparatus (1) for comminuting material to be comminuted, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, said apparatus comprising: at least one comminuting roller (2) that can be rotated about an axis of rotation (4) and has a main roller body (3); and a feeding means (5), that is designed in particular as a feed hopper, for feeding material to be comminuted to the comminuting roller (2), wherein comminuting tools (8), in particular teeth, are provided on the main roller body (3), said tools being spaced apart from one another and positioned in a plurality of rows (7) that extend in the longitudinal direction (L) of the main roller body (3) and run obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) on the main roller body (3). According to the invention: the feeding means (5) is designed in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be comminuted accrues at the first end (10) of the main roller body (3) than at the second end (11) of the main roller body (3), wherein directly adjacent comminuting tools (8) of a row (7) are positioned in such a way that the comminuting tool (8) facing the second end (11) is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the comminuting tool (8) facing the first end (10), and / or wherein different distances (12) are provided between directly adjacent comminuting tools (8) of a row (7).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a shredding device for shredding material. The shredding device is used particularly in the field of recycling and / or waste processing. The shredding device can include a shredding roller, which in turn can have a roller base. The shredding roller or the roller base can be rotatably mounted about a pivot axis. Furthermore, the shredding device includes a feed means for feeding material to the shredding roller. The feed means is particularly designed as a feed hopper. On the roller base, shredding tools, in particular teeth, are provided spaced apart from one another and arranged in several inclined rows extending longitudinally along the roller base.

[0002] Such devices are already known in the prior art. It is also known to arrange the comminution tools in rows parallel to the axis of rotation or the longitudinal direction of the roller body. Compared to rows arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller body, the inclined arrangement of the comminution tools results in improved separation and comminution of the material being processed.

[0003] The shredding tools can be designed as individual tools and / or as teeth, cutting edges, and / or movable beaters. The shredding device usually also includes a comb with counter-tools, which can be mounted, in particular, on a machine frame or a stand of the shredding device. To shred the material, the shredding tools can interact with the counter-tools of the comb, whereby the counter-tools of the comb can be designed such that the material is shredded when the shredding roller rotates.

[0004] The comb is usually designed as a comb bar to hold the tools and typically extends at least substantially across the entire width of the shredding roller. The comb can be either a single piece or multi-part.

[0005] A disadvantage of the known shredding device is that, even with this device, cohesive, interlocked, and / or elongated material can only be shredded inadequately, if at all. While the inclined rows of the shredding tools, compared to rows running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller base, do allow for some straightening, this straightening is insufficient in some cases to achieve reliable, effective, and uniform shredding of particularly interlocked material.

[0006] EP 3 909 683 A1 concerns the use of a drive system for a shredding device for shredding feed material.

[0007] US 2020 / 197947 A1 relates to a cyclone separator with an inlet channel and an outlet channel as well as a collection container arranged in a flow path between the inlet channel and the outlet channel.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages or at least to substantially reduce them.

[0009] The aforementioned problem is solved by a crushing roller according to claim 1.

[0010] In the development of the present invention, it was observed that when feeding material to be shredded via the feeding device, it is not uncommon for a larger quantity of material to be fed at one point or another. This uneven feeding contributes significantly to the sometimes inadequate shredding achieved in the prior art. The invention provides that the feeding device is designed, or the feeding is controlled, in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is present at the first end of the roller body than at the second end. Thus, a larger quantity of material to be shredded is deliberately fed at a specific point, namely the first end of the roller body.

[0011] With the aforementioned requirement of a deliberately uneven feed, three alternative embodiments are now possible.

[0012] In addition to the uneven feeding, it is preferably provided that immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row are arranged such that the comminution tool facing the second end is set back in the direction of rotation of the comminution roller compared to the comminution tool facing the first end.

[0013] According to the invention, in addition to the uneven feeding, different distances are provided between immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row. In particular, the distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools differ for at least two pairs, preferably at least five pairs, of immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row.

[0014] It is understood that at least three shredding tools in a row are arranged according to the invention such that the row has at least two different distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools. Preferably, however, a plurality of distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row are configured differently. Preferably, at least three different distances are provided, preferably between 3 and 20, more preferably between 3 and 10.

[0015] The longitudinal direction of the roller body is to be understood as running in the direction of its greatest longitudinal extent. The roller body can be cylindrical, preferably hollow cylindrical. The longitudinal direction of the roller body can run in the direction of and / or parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller body, or coincide with it, and / or form the central axis of the preferably cylindrical roller body.

[0016] In particular, it is provided that the comminution tools are arranged trailing in the direction of rotation - namely in relation to the first end of the comminution roller, where the material can be fed in, or in relation to or starting from the first end.

[0017] In the prior art, it is generally known that the shredding tools are arranged obliquely on the surface of the roller body. However, the oblique arrangement is in the opposite direction – i.e., leading to the direction of rotation. In the embodiment known in practice, shredding tools in a row that are immediately adjacent are arranged such that the shredding tool facing the first end is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the shredding tool facing the second end. According to the invention, it has now been found that the handling in the prior art leads to the material being compressed more strongly precisely in the area where a larger quantity of material is fed in, which significantly impairs the shredding result.

[0018] However, the design according to the invention makes it possible to straighten the material – specifically, from the first end to the opposite second end of the roller body. In this process, the material is straightened after being fed in and at least partially transported towards the other end, so that an at least substantially uniform distribution of the material to be shredded can be achieved along the length of the shredding roller, which runs in the longitudinal direction of the shredding roller.

[0019] This ensures, at least in essence, better and more uniform shredding across the entire length of the rollers.

[0020] Preferably, the spacing between immediately adjacent shredding tools can also be adjusted or set depending on different loads on the shredding roller. For example, the spacing can be reduced in areas where a higher volume of material to be shredded is expected. According to the invention, it is thus possible to configure the spacing in a row in such a way that improved shredding can be ensured in areas with a higher volume of material. The spacing is also adapted in an inclined row, which contributes to improved material separation. Therefore, it is particularly preferred that both alternatives according to the invention can be combined.

[0021] The prior art only provides for equal spacing between immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row. However, the amount of material to be shredded is not uniform along the length of the roller body, so equal spacing does not reflect the actual material feeding process in practice.

[0022] According to the invention, it has been found that by using unequal spacing between the comminution tools in individual rows, which can also be referred to as toothed sections, individual adaptation to different comminution tasks can be ensured. In particular, this also improves the feeding behavior of comminution material sliding from the feeder. Furthermore, the material to be comminuted can preferably be further de-separated by the different spacing. This effect is further enhanced when the first alternative of the invention is also implemented.

[0023] Furthermore, according to the invention, material build-up of the material being ground can be at least substantially avoided, since the grinding process can be improved by an optimized arrangement of the grinding tools. Otherwise, the material build-up would lead to so-called bridging in the grinding chamber and negatively affect the grinding process.

[0024] In particular, it enables continuous loading of the shredding device with material to be shredded, which significantly increases the throughput of material to be shredded compared to the state of the art.

[0025] The arrangement of the shredding tools in rows is to be understood in such a way that each shredding tool can only be assigned to one row. In particular, the invention precludes a shredding tool from being assigned to different rows. Furthermore, the arrangement in a row is to be understood such that the "imaginary" row connects the centers of the shredding tools. The row preferably extends from the first end to the second end of the roller body and runs along the outside of the roller body. The row can also be designed such that the imaginary line connecting the centers is, in particular, continuous or monotonically increasing. Thus, no "constant" sections of the row or of the line connecting the centers of the shredding tools are provided.

[0026] According to the invention, a plurality of areas of essentially the same width are provided on the roller body. The width of the areas is determined in particular in relation to the length of the roller body. Thus, the roller body can be divided into different areas. In at least one area, a greater number of comminution tools are provided than in another area. This can be achieved preferably by reducing the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools in the area with the greater number of comminution tools. Preferably, the area with the higher number of comminution tools is assigned to and / or arranged at the first end of the roller body where an increased material input occurs via the feeder.The increased number of shredding tools in the relevant area of ​​the roller body allows for a response to the increased feed quantity of material to be shredded, thus ensuring efficient shredding.

[0027] According to the invention, at least three areas of substantially the same width are provided on the roller body, in particular areas circumferentially surrounding the roller body, wherein the areas differ from one another by a different number of comminution tools. According to the invention, a greater number of comminution tools are provided in a first area facing the first end than in the two further areas. According to the invention, a greater number of comminution tools are provided in the central area arranged between the first and the further area facing the second end than in the further area. Thus, the three areas can be divided such that the largest number of comminution tools is preferably present in the first area.The central area may contain a number of shredding tools that is fewer than in the first area but higher than in the outer area. The outermost area, located towards or at the second end, may contain the fewest shredding tools. It is understood that the distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools in each area may be the same or different. Ultimately, however, the distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools differ between two different areas (i.e., in the connecting area between two areas).

[0028] Ultimately, a more compact arrangement of the shredding tools in the end section of the roller can create a targeted gap during the shredding process, which in turn encourages the feeding of further material. This results, at least in essence, in the conveyance of the unshredded material above the shredding roller from the first to the second end. For efficient shredding, the material located at or conveyed towards the second end must be shredded in that area. Therefore, material equalization in the area of ​​the second end of the shredding roller is also advantageous. In particular, the aforementioned distribution of the shredding tools across the different sections of the roller body contributes to the elimination of material bridges during shredding.

[0029] Preferably, the roller body has a length between 0.5 m and 4 m, preferably 2 m ± 30%. The advantages of the invention are particularly evident at such lengths of the roller body, since in the prior art the roller body generally has a length of 3 m, and shorter lengths were particularly difficult to achieve.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally, it may preferably be provided that the roller body has a diameter between 0.5 m and 1.2 m, preferably 0.6 m + / -35%.

[0031] According to the invention, the material flow supplied to the roller body can be optimized, particularly by coordinating the different arrangements of the comminution tools. Therefore, the invention also enables the use of small, compact comminution devices with a short length.

[0032] As a result, at least part of the invention is characterized by the fact that the feeding means is assigned to the first end and that an increased amount of material is also present at this first end. This increased material volume can be counteracted by preferably arranging a higher number of shredding tools in this area. This is ensured by the different distances between immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row, as described in the invention.

[0033] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, it is provided that in a first region, particularly the first region described above, immediately adjacent shredding tools of a row on the shredding roller are spaced closer together than immediately adjacent shredding tools of the same row in a further region facing the second end. Preferably, the first region faces the first end and / or adjoins the first end. The aforementioned arrangement relates in particular to at least two pairs of shredding tools, one arranged in the first region and the other in the further region. This embodiment is also possible, in particular, independently of the previously described multiple regions, since this preferred embodiment relates in particular to at least one row.It has been previously described that the number of shredding tools differs for different areas on the shredding roller or on the roller base. The preferred embodiment now described refers to the number of rows and not to the circumference of the roller base. However, it is understood that both embodiments can preferably be combined.

[0034] Preferably, immediately adjacent shredding tools in a row are equidistant in the first area. In this context, it is also possible that the outermost shredding tool, which faces a different area, may have a different distance to a shredding tool in that other area than the distances in the first area.

[0035] Furthermore, in another, particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the rows are at least substantially identical or different.

[0036] Different row configurations can arise particularly when the shredding tools of adjacent rows are offset from one another and / or when the rows have a different number of shredding tools in different areas. In particular, different row configurations can lead to material equalization during shredding and to optimized shredding performance of the shredding roller.

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, it is preferably provided that the rows are equidistant from each other transversely to the longitudinal direction. This results in a particularly symmetrical arrangement of the rows on the roller body.

[0038] Preferably, a uniform comminution result can also be ensured by ensuring that the rows are at least substantially identical in design when the roller body rotates. Furthermore, an at least substantially identical design of the rows is advantageous in that the comminution tools can interact with the counter-communication tools of a comb, as previously described in the prior art. In this case, the identical design is advantageous because the at least substantially identical design of the rows also ensures a corresponding interaction between the comminution tools and the counter-communication tools for each row.

[0039] Preferably, the rows can be arranged offset from one another, particularly if they have the same transverse spacing, so that the shredding tools of different immediately adjacent rows are preferably not arranged directly one behind the other, but offset from one another, at least partially in the middle and / or wider area. In this context, it is understood that shredding tools of immediately adjacent rows can also be arranged directly one behind the other (with respect to the direction of rotation or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the roller body) in the first area and / or at least partially in the middle area.

[0040] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, a third area is provided between the first area and the further area. The third area can, in particular, correspond to the previously described central area or represent a further, independent configuration. Preferably, at least two immediately adjacent shredding tools of a row are arranged such that they are closer together than immediately adjacent shredding tools of the same row in the further area. In particular, the third area has at least two shredding tools per row, which can be described, in particular, as a tooth stack. Tooth stacks of immediately adjacent rows can also be arranged offset from one another.

[0041] In particular, the third area can only form a component of the previously described middle area.

[0042] A second area is particularly preferred between the first and third areas. In particular, the middle area can be formed by the second and third areas. Preferably, at least one shredding tool of a row is arranged in the second area, the distance to the immediately adjacent shredding tools of the same row in the first and / or third area being greater than the distance between immediately adjacent shredding tools of the first and / or third area.

[0043] The previously described design of four zones ensures effective comminution, especially for shorter roller bodies. The first zone, in particular, facilitates improved intake of material being fed from the feeder.

[0044] The feeder is particularly preferably designed as a hinged funnel, which makes the combination with the first area particularly effective, since the funnel geometry sets the material to be crushed in motion, preferably at least substantially in rotation, and thus draws it into the first area for crushing in a vortex-like manner.

[0045] Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the feeding device is designed as a conveyor belt and / or chute and / or may have a conveyor belt, a chute or the like.

[0046] The arrangement of the comminution tools according to the invention provides an enhanced equalization effect, which in particular also prevents material bridging.

[0047] The third area described above has the particular advantage that, in this area, a higher volume of material is provided for when supplying material via the feeding device, compared to the second and / or further areas.

[0048] In particular, the third area can be as large as or larger than the second area. Specifically, the width of the third area exceeds the width of the second area by at least 20%, preferably by at least 30%. As explained above, the second and third areas together can have the same width as the first and / or the second area. The second area can also be referred to as the fourth area. According to the invention, it has been found that an increased amount of material occurs during comminution, particularly in the first and third areas. This increased material can be captured by the corresponding denser arrangement of the comminution tools. Thus, the material can also be efficiently comminuted in the third area, and its size can be reduced. In particular, the material can be compactly comminuted at this point.

[0049] In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row in the wider area are at least 100%, preferably at least 200%, more preferably between 300% and 1000%, in particular between 400% and 500%, larger than the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row in the first and / or third area.

[0050] Preferably, the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row in the wider area can be at least twice, preferably at least three times, in particular at least four times, greater than the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row in the first and / or third area.

[0051] According to the invention, it has been found that with distances of the aforementioned type, particularly effective comminution can be ensured even with particularly interlocked material to be comminuted.

[0052] Furthermore, a drive device for driving the shredding roller is preferably provided. According to the invention, it is understood that a plurality of drive devices can also be provided. In particular, the drive device is arranged at the first end of the roller base and serves to drive the first end of the roller base.

[0053] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, a frame is provided for holding and supporting the shredding roller and, preferably, the drive unit. The frame can, in particular, be arranged on a base and ultimately serves to support and support the shredding roller.

[0054] Furthermore, it is preferred if the shredding roller is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side, particularly at least indirectly on the frame. Support on both sides especially enables a secure arrangement of the shredding roller even under high loads, thereby preferably preventing machine damage.

[0055] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that a wall of the frame is assigned to each of the first and second ends for receiving and supporting the respective end. Thus, a side wall of the frame, which can be referred to as the motor side wall, can be assigned to the first end. A side wall, which can be referred to as the rear side wall, can also be assigned to the second end. The feeding means can, in particular, be arranged on the motor side wall and, especially, be rigidly connected to it.

[0056] Preferably, the shredding device has a comb with counter-tools and preferably a comb flap pivotably mounted on the machine frame. The interaction between the counter-tools and the shredding tools arranged on the roller base results in the behavior of the shredding device according to the invention for shredding material.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the comminution tool extends only over a section of the circumference of the roller body, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 0.5% and 70%, and more preferably between 1% and 20% of the outer circumference of the roller body. Accordingly, the comminution tool preferably does not enclose the roller body, but rather projects from it only in a specific area or section. Such a design of the comminution tools can form teeth. Furthermore, it allows the comminution tools to be provided and arranged independently of one another on the roller body, thus ensuring the previously described arrangements of the comminution tools on the roller body according to the invention.Ultimately, the shredding tools can be individually designed and adapted to the specific shredding task or the feed material and arranged on the roller base.

[0058] Preferably, the shredding tool has an outer upper edge surface that is beveled and / or sloping relative to the support surface arranged on the roller base, and preferably at least substantially arc-shaped, and which is located opposite the support surface. The outer upper edge surface can be designed to slope in such a way that the section of the shredding tool furthest from the roller base faces the cutting direction, which can run in the direction of rotation of the roller base. Due to the sloping design of the outer upper edge surface, which is particularly limited by the side surfaces of the shredding tool, the distance of the outer upper edge surface from the roller base decreases preferably monotonically, and in particular strictly monotonically, in the opposite direction to the cutting direction.This type of shredding tool ensures minimal wear on the shredding tool and, in particular, enables efficient shredding of the feed material.

[0059] The comminution tool preferably has a cross-sectional shape that is at least substantially triangular. In this context, it is understood that a triangular shape also includes shapes where the side faces or edges of the triangle are preferably at least substantially arc-shaped. The shortest side of the triangle is oriented towards the cutting direction, while the longer sides may form part of the bearing surface and the outer top edge surface on the roller body. In this context, it is understood that a cross-sectional shape that is at least substantially triangular also includes shapes that may have at least one recess, particularly for the arrangement of fasteners, on the outer top edge surface.The shredding tools designed in this way can be particularly compact and, in particular, can meet the material to be shredded with the convex section first.

[0060] Preferably, the shredding tools are designed in at least two parts. They can include a toothed body on the outer surface of the shredding roller or roller base and a knife connected to the toothed body by a positive fit and / or friction fit. An advantage of the two-part design is that, particularly due to wear, the knife can be easily replaced, especially without having to replace the entire shredding tool. The knives can be replaceable or detachably connected to the toothed body. The toothed body can be fixedly arranged on the roller base, preferably by friction fit and / or by a material bond, preferably by welding.

[0061] In particular, the shredding tool and / or the toothed body can be attached to the roller base. The blade can face the cutting direction. Specifically, the blade and the toothed body can be detachably connected and / or attached to each other via fasteners. Therefore, if the blade wears, it can be easily replaced – specifically, the blade itself, not necessarily the entire shredding tool. Consequently, the blade can be designed as a wear part.

[0062] Preferably, the blade rests against the tooth body, which can therefore be designed as a support body. At least one positive locking mechanism, preferably at least two, can be provided to connect the blade to the tooth body. In particular, at least one positive locking mechanism can be formed by a tongue-and-groove connection.

[0063] Furthermore, the aforementioned invention relates to a shredding roller, which can be used in particular in a shredding device of the aforementioned type. The shredding roller is designed for shredding material. The shredding roller can have a roller base rotatable about an axis of rotation. Preferably, shredding tools, in particular teeth, are arranged on the roller base at intervals and in several rows extending longitudinally along the roller base and inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the roller base. According to the invention, different distances are provided between immediately adjacent shredding tools within a row.

[0064] The shredding roller according to the invention is provided with a plurality of areas of substantially the same width on the roller body, wherein at least one area contains a greater number of shredding tools than another area. Furthermore, the invention provides that at least three areas of substantially the same width are provided on the roller body, wherein the areas have a different number of shredding tools, wherein a greater number of shredding tools are provided in a first area facing the first end than in the two further areas, and wherein a greater number of shredding tools are provided in the middle area arranged between the first and the further areas facing the second end than in the further areas.

[0065] The comminution roller according to the invention also offers the advantages previously discussed in connection with the comminution device according to the invention. To avoid unnecessary repetition or elaboration, reference may therefore be made to the aforementioned submissions, which also applies equally to the comminution roller. In particular, it may be noted that previously discussed preferred embodiments of the comminution device are also transferable to the comminution roller according to the invention without requiring further explicit explanation.

[0066] Furthermore, it is expressly pointed out that all the aforementioned and subsequent intervals include all intermediate intervals and individual values ​​contained therein, and that these intermediate intervals and individual values ​​are to be regarded as essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals or individual values ​​are not specifically specified in detail.

[0067] Further features, advantages, and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself. All features described and / or illustrated, individually or in any combination, constitute the subject matter of the present invention, irrespective of their compilation in the claims or their cross-reference.

[0068] It shows: Fig. 1 a schematic perspective view of a comminution device according to the invention, Fig. 2 a schematic perspective view of detail A from Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 a schematic side view of the in Fig. 1 The crushing device shown in Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a crushing roller according to the invention, and Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the crushing device shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4Fig. 6 shows a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a shredding roller according to the invention, Fig. 7 shows a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a shredding roller according to the invention, and Fig. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of the shredding roller shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 depicted crushing roller.

[0069] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a shredding device 1 for shredding material not shown in detail. Various materials can be used as the material to be shredded, such as those generated in recycling or waste processing. The shredding device 1 has a shredding roller 2. Different embodiments of the shredding rollers 2 according to the invention are shown in Figure 2. Figs. 4 to 8 .

[0070] The shredding roller 2 has a roller base 3. Both the shredding roller 2 and the roller base 3 are rotatable about their respective axes of rotation 4, which coincide. In the Fig. 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the shredding device 1 has exactly one shredding roller 2. In further embodiments, several shredding rollers 2 may also be provided, but these are not shown in detail here.

[0071] Furthermore, it shows Fig. 1 The shredding device 1 has a feed means 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the feed means 5 is designed as a feed hopper or funnel-shaped. The feed means 5 ultimately serves to assist in feeding the material to be shredded to the shredding roller 2.

[0072] Furthermore, in Fig. 1The figure shows that on the outer surface 6 of the roller base 3, comminution tools 8 are provided, spaced apart from each other and arranged in several rows 7 extending obliquely to the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. The in Fig. 7 The depicted shredding roller 2 has exclusively rows 7, each containing shredding tools 8. Each shredding tool 8 is assigned to exactly one row 7. Furthermore, the rows 7 are identical to each other and, in particular, are symmetrically arranged around the roller body 3.

[0073] The crushing tools 8 can be designed as teeth.

[0074] Furthermore, the comminution tools 8 can be positively or materially connected to the roller base body 3 or the outer surface 6. Fig. 5The figure shows that the comminution tools 8 are each surrounded by a protective element 9. A protective element 9 can be designed as wear protection for the roller base 3 and can be bonded to the roller base 3, particularly by welding. Preferably, the protective elements 9 are designed as wear protection plates. The protective elements 9 can have recesses for arranging the comminution tools 8.

[0075] A plurality of crushing tools 8 can be arranged in a protective element 9.

[0076] Fig. 1Figure 1 shows that the feeder 5 is designed such that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is present at the first end 10 of the roller body 3 than at the second end 11 of the roller body 3. It is understood that the ends 10 and 11 refer specifically to the respective end faces of the roller body 3. The longitudinal direction L of the roller body 3 extends in the direction of its greatest longitudinal extent and is also aligned with the axis of rotation 4 of the roller body 3.

[0077] The first and second ends 10, 11 are opposite each other with respect to the longitudinal direction L. In particular, the shredding roller 2 can be supported at either the first end 10 or the second end 11.

[0078] Fig. 1The figure schematically shows the first end 10 of the shredding roller 2, particularly the supported end. The feeding of the material to be shredded is not shown in detail. However, it is indicated by Fig. 1 It is evident that at the first end 10, which faces and is associated with the feed means 5, more material to be shredded is generated during the operation of the shredding device 1 than at the opposite second end 11. In particular, the loading with the material to be shredded is not uniform over the entire length of the shredding roller 2, but is intensified at the first end 10 or leads to a higher material volume there.

[0079] In the Figs. 4 and 5 A form of the comminution roller 2 is shown, which is also used in a device 1 according to the Fig. 1 can be used - however, the shape of the shredding roller 2 differs from that in Fig. 1The form shown is similar to the embodiment shown. However, both embodiments have in common that immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged such that the shredding tool 8 facing the second end 11 is rotated relative to the shredding tool 8 facing the first end 10 in the direction of rotation shown schematically in Fig. 4 The direction of rotation is indicated by an arrow and is set back. The direction of rotation is determined during operation of the shredding device 1. The corresponding setback also results in a trailing arrangement of the shredding tools 8 with respect to the direction of rotation. This is also shown schematically in the Fig. 6 as in the Figs. 7 and 8 depicted.

[0080] During the Figs. 4 and 5 In the illustrated embodiments, it is provided that the distances 12 of immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 are at least substantially constant.

[0081] Furthermore, in the Figs. 4 and 5 In the illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the rows 7 are at least substantially identical and preferably have a constant transverse distance from each other. However, the rows 7 can be arranged offset from each other. Accordingly, it can be provided that immediately behind (with respect to the direction of rotation) a shredding tool 8 of a first row 7, no shredding tool 8 of the next row 7 immediately adjacent to the first row is arranged. The offset of the shredding tools 8 of immediately adjacent rows 7 is, in the Fig. 4 In the illustrated embodiment, approximately 360° divided by the number n of rows 7. Such an offset can also be particularly advantageous with regard to the comminution result when rows 7 are configured differently.

[0082] During the Figs. 7 and 8In the illustrated and preferred embodiments, different distances 12 are provided between immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of a row 7. Regarding the different distances 12, it is provided that a plurality of identical distances 12 are also provided in a row 7. However, at least two pairs of shredding tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged such that their distances 12 differ from one another.

[0083] At the in Fig. 7 In the illustrated embodiment, both a corresponding offset with respect to the direction of rotation, as previously described, and the realization of different distances 12 are implemented.

[0084] Preferably, the aforementioned arrangement of the shredding tools 8 applies to each row 7. A shredding tool 8 can be assigned to exactly one row 7 - and not to several rows 7.

[0085] Fig. 5 This shows that each row 7 is formed as a linear straight line – namely in the corresponding 2D projection – that is, ultimately when unfolded from the drum. In particular, row 7 increases at least essentially monotonically with respect to the longitudinal direction L.

[0086] In Fig. 6 The figure shows that a plurality of areas 13, 14 and 15 are provided on the roller base body 3. Areas 13 to 15 extend over the entire circumference of the roller base body 3. The figure shows Fig. 6 , that in the first area 13 a larger number of comminution tools 8 are provided than in any other area, namely both in the middle area 14 and in the further area 15. The further area 15 can in particular be arranged at the second end 11.

[0087] Furthermore, areas 13, 14 and 15 are included in the Fig. 6The illustrated embodiment is provided with a uniform width 16 in relation to the longitudinal direction L. The areas 13, 14, and 15 differ from one another by the different number of shredding tools 8. A larger number of shredding tools 8 can be provided in the first area 13, which faces the first end 10, than in the two further areas 14 and 15. Furthermore, a larger number of shredding tools 8 is provided in the first area 13 and the central area 14, which is arranged between the further area 15, which faces the second end 11, than in the further area 15.

[0088] Furthermore, the Figs. 7 and 8, that in the first area 13, which faces the first end 10 and / or adjoins the first end 10, immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 have a smaller distance 12 to each other than immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in a further area 15. It is understood that the distances 12 in the first area 13 can be constant, at least substantially, between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8.

[0089] Furthermore, it shows Fig. 6, that different rows 7 in the first area 13 can have a different number of comminution tools 8 with at least an essentially constant distance 12 to each other, wherein, however, the distance between the outermost comminution tool 8 facing the second end 11 and the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the adjoining middle area 14 is at least essentially the same for both rows 7.

[0090] In an embodiment not shown, at least three circumferentially surrounding areas 13, 14, and 15 are provided on the roller base 3, each of which can have the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. The first area 13, facing the first end 10, has the highest number of comminution tools 8, or the number of comminution tools 8 in the first area 13 preferably corresponds to the number of comminution tools 8 from the further area 15, located at the second end 11. The middle area 14 has fewer comminution tools 8 than the first area 13 and / or fewer or the same number of comminution tools 8 as the further area 15. The further area 15 can have comminution tools 8 that are spaced at different distances 12 from the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the same row 7.Preferably, the density of comminution tools 8 increases in the wider section 15 from the outer section of the wider section 15 facing the first end 10 to the second end 11. Accordingly, a higher number of comminution tools 8 can be arranged in a row 7 in the end section of the wider section 15, which may face the second end 11, than in the outer section of the wider section 15 facing the first end 10. The widths of the outer section and the end section can differ from each other, in particular, the outer section having a width in the longitudinal direction L of the roller body 3 that exceeds the width of the end section by at least 100%. Furthermore, the spacing 12 of immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 in a row 7 can be greater in the outer section than in the end section.In the final section, at least two comminution tools 8 can be arranged in each row 7, which can in particular form a tooth package.

[0091] At the in Fig. 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the rows 7 are spaced at least essentially equally apart from each other transversely to the longitudinal direction L.

[0092] Furthermore, the Fig. 6 that the central region 14 can have a third region 17. In the third region 17, at least two immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 can have a smaller distance 12 from each other than immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in the further region 15. In the third region 17, in particular, at least two comminution tools 8 can be arranged per row 7 and thus ultimately form tooth packages.

[0093] Furthermore, the Fig. 6that tooth packages, arranged sequentially with respect to the direction of rotation, are offset from each other in different rows 7 – specifically with respect to the longitudinal direction L. Here, too, it can be provided that the outermost shredding tool 8 of the third section 17, facing the further section 15, maintains the same distance to the immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the further section 15 in each row 7. If the shredding tools 8 in the further section 15 are then at least substantially equally spaced, the outermost shredding tool 8, facing the second end 11, will have a different distance to the end face of the second end 11 in different rows 7.

[0094] Fig. 6shows that the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 in the further area 15 are at least twice, in particular four to six times, larger than the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in the first area 13 and / or in the third area 17.

[0095] Furthermore, in Fig. 6 It is shown that the middle region 14 has a second region 18. The second region 18 can be arranged between the third region 17 and the first region 13. The second region 18 can have a smaller width than the third region 17. In particular, the width with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the second region is at least 30%, and more specifically at least 50%, smaller than the width of the third region 17. Furthermore, it shows Fig. 6, that the shredding tools 8 of a row 7 arranged in the second area 18 are arranged such that one shredding tool 8 is arranged in the second area 18 for each row 7. The distance 12 of the shredding tool 8 arranged in the second area 18 to the immediately adjacent shredding tool 8 of the same row 7 of the first and / or third area 13, 17 is greater than the distance 12 between immediately adjacent shredding tools 8 of the first area 13 and / or the third area 17.

[0096] Fig. 6 further shows that the rows 7 can be arranged offset from one another. The offset can, particularly in the central area 14, lead to the situation that, at least partially, no further shredding tool 8 of the adjacent row 7 is arranged directly behind a shredding tool 8 of a first row 7 in the central area 14. This applies according to the in Fig. 6The illustrated embodiment applies to all comminution tools 8 of the further area 15 and / or the second area 18 and partially to the third area 17.

[0097] In principle, further embodiments may also provide for the series 7 to be identical in construction.

[0098] Fig. 5The figure schematically shows that the shredding tool 8 is designed in at least two parts. The shredding tool 8 can be positively and / or frictionally connected to the outer surface 6 or the outer shell of the shredding roller 2. In particular, the shredding tool 8 has a toothed body 19, which is arranged directly on the outer surface 8 of the roller base 3. Furthermore, the shredding tool 8 can have a knife 20 that can be frictionally and / or positively connected to the toothed body 19. The knife 20 faces the direction of rotation, so that this component of the shredding tool 8 is the first part to come into contact with the material to be shredded during the shredding process.

[0099] The blade 20 can be connected to the tooth body 19 by at least one positive locking connection, in particular where at least one positive locking connection can be designed as a tongue-and-groove joint. Alternatively or additionally, connecting means 29 can be provided for connecting the blade 20 to the tooth body 19, which connect the blade 20 to the tooth body 19 in particular by frictional locking.

[0100] In Fig. 1 The figure shows that a frame 21 is provided for holding and supporting the shredding roller 2. It is not shown that the frame 21 can also serve to support a drive unit for driving the shredding roller 2.

[0101] In Fig. 6The schematic representation shows that a wall 22 and a wall 23 are each assigned to the first and second ends 10 and 11, respectively. The wall 22 facing the first end 10 can also be referred to as the motor (standing) wall, since the drive unit, in particular, can be assigned to the first end 10. The wall 23 assigned to the second end 11 can also be referred to as the rear (standing) wall.

[0102] Furthermore, it shows Fig. 1 The shredding device 1 has a comb 25 with counter-tools 24. The comb 25 can be mounted on the frame 21, which can also be referred to as the machine frame. Furthermore, the comb 25 can also have a comb flap 26, which is pivotably arranged on the frame 21.

[0103] To crush the material to be crushed, the crushing tools 8 can interact with the counter-tools 24. In particular, gaps are provided between immediately adjacent counter-tools 24, which are designed according to or corresponding to the shape of the crushing tool 8 passing through the respective gap.

[0104] Fig. 5 This shows that the comminution tool 8 or (all) comminution tools 8 extend only over a section of the circumference of the roller base body 3, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 1% and 20%, of the outer circumference of the roller base body 3. In this way, several comminution tools 8 can be provided independently of one another, distributed over the outer surface of the roller base body 3.

[0105] Out of Fig. 5It is further evident that in the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the comminution tool 8 has an outer upper edge surface 28 that is chamfered and / or sloping with respect to the support surface 27 arranged on the roller base 3, preferably at least substantially arc-shaped, and which is located opposite the support surface 27. The sloping outer edge surface 28 can, in particular, be monotonically sloped and serve to reduce the distance between the outer upper edge surface 28 and the roller base 3 opposite to the cutting direction S. Accordingly, the area of ​​the comminution tool 8 that occupies the largest volume of the comminution tool 8 comes into contact with the feed material first.

[0106] In Fig. 8The figure shows that the comminution tool 8 has a cross-sectional shape that is at least substantially triangular, preferably with edges that are at least substantially arc-shaped. A triangular shape is also understood to mean if the outer upper edge surface 28 has a recess, in particular for arranging the connecting means 29, as is the case with the Fig. 8 shows.

[0107] As explained above, the feeding device 5 can be designed as a funnel, in particular a folding funnel. Alternatively or additionally, the feeding device 5 can be designed as a conveyor belt and / or chute. Reference symbol list:

[0108] 1 Shredding device 2 Shredding roller 3 Roller base 4 Shaft of rotation 5 Feeding means 6 Outer side of 3 7 Row 8 Shredding tool 9 Protective element 10 First end 11 Second end 12 Spacing 13 First area 14 Middle area 15 Further area 16 Width 17 Third area 18 Second area 19 Tooth body 20 Blade 21 Frame 22 Wall 23 Wall 24 Counter comb 25 Comb 26 Comb flap 27 Support surface 28 Outer top edge surface 29 Connecting means Longitudinal direction Cutting direction

Claims

1. Shredding roller (2) for a shredding device (1) for shredding material to be shredded, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, with a basic roller body (3) rotatable about an axis of rotation (4) and with shredding tools (8), in particular teeth, arranged on the basic roller body (3) at a distance from one another and in a plurality of rows (7) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) on the basic roller body (3) and running obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the basic roller body (3), characterized in that different distances (12) are provided between directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7), in that a plurality of regions (13, 14, 15) of essentially the same width (16) are provided on the basic roller body (3), wherein a larger number of shredding tools (8) is provided in at least one region (13) than in another region (15), in that at least three regions (13, 14, 15) of essentially the same width (16) are provided on the basic roller body (3), wherein the regions (13, 14, 15) have a number of shredding tools (8) which differs from one another, wherein a larger number of shredding tools (8) is provided in a first region (13) facing the first end (10) than in the two further regions (14, 15) and wherein a larger number of shredding tools (8) is provided in the middle region (14) arranged between the first and the further regions (13, 15) facing the second end (11) than in the further region (15).

2. Shredding device (1) for shredding material to be shredded, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, having at least one shredding roller (2) which can rotate about an axis of rotation (4) and has a basic roller body (3) according to claim 1, and having a feed means (5), in particular designed as a feed hopper, for feeding material to be shredded to the shredding roller (2).

3. Shredding device according to claim 2, characterized in that directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7) are arranged in such a way that the shredding tool (8) facing the second end (11) is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the shredding tool (8) facing the first end (10). in4. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first region (13) of the shredding roller (2), which preferably faces the first end (10) and / or preferably adjoins the first end (10), immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7) are at a smaller distance (12) from one another than immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of the same row (7) in a further region (15) facing the second end (11).

5. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7) are equally spaced apart in the first region (13).

6. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rows (7) are of the same design and / or in that the rows (7) are equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

7. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third region (17) is provided between the first region (13) and the further region (15), in which at least two directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7) are at a smaller distance (12) from one another than directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of the same row (7) in the further region (15), in particular the third region (17) having two shredding tools (8) per row (7).

8. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second region (18) is present between the first region (13) and the third region (17), at least one shredding tool (8) of a row (7) being arranged in the second region (18), which includes a distance (12) from the immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of the same row (7) of the first and / or third region (13, 17) which is greater than the distance (12) between immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of the first and / or third region (13, 17).

9. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distances (12) between directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7) in the further region (15) are greater than the distances (12) between directly adjacent shredding tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first and / or third region (13, 17) by at least twice, preferably at least a factor of two, more preferably between a factor of three to ten and in particular between a factor of four to six.

10. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredding tools (8) are designed in at least two parts and have a tooth body (19) provided on the outer casing of the shredding roller (2) and a blade (20) which can be connected to the tooth body (19) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, in particular the blade (20) and the tooth body (19) being releasably connectable and / or fastenable to one another via connecting means (29).

11. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a frame (21) is provided for holding and mounting the shredding roller (2) and preferably a drive device for driving the shredding roller (2).

12. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredding roller (2) is bearing-mounted on both sides and / or at least on one side with the first and / or second end (10, 11).

13. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first end (10) and the second end (11) are each assigned a wall (22, 23) of the frame (21) for receiving and supporting the respective end (10, 11).

14. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredding device (1) has a comb (25) having counter-tools and preferably a comb flap (26) pivotably mounted on the frame (21).

15. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredding tool (8) extends only over a section of the circumference of the basic roller body (3), in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 0.5% to 70%, more preferably between 1% to 20%, of the outer circumference of the basic roller body (3).

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