Hydrogen storage power plant, and method for operating same
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023717491
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-04-13
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Current hydrogen production methods, such as steam reforming and water electrolysis, have inefficiencies and high energy requirements, while existing hydrogen storage and utilization technologies face challenges in efficiency and complexity, particularly in using hydrogen of lower purity.
A hydrogen storage power plant combining pyrolysis or plasmalysis processes with a hydrogen combustion engine featuring a closed noble gas circuit, allowing for efficient hydrogen production and storage, and enabling efficient energy conversion with hydrogen of lower purity, similar to hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.
The system achieves high efficiency and low energy consumption for hydrogen production and storage, with the ability to store energy cost-effectively and utilize it efficiently, similar to pumped storage power plants, while reducing investment costs and operational complexity.
Smart Images
Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] Hydrogen storage power plant and method for its operation
[0002] DESCRIPTION
[0003] The invention relates to a hydrogen storage power plant.
[0004] The invention further relates to a method for operating such a hydrogen storage power plant.
[0005] Various energetically relevant devices and processes for producing hydrogen are known from the state of the art.
[0006] One such process for producing hydrogen is steam reforming. In this process, hydrocarbons such as methane and others are used as reducing agents for water protons at high temperatures and high pressures. The synthesis gas produced is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The ratio of the reaction products can then be improved in favor of hydrogen using the water-gas shift reaction. However, this process produces carbon dioxide, and the efficiency is only 60% to 70%.
[0007] Another method for producing hydrogen is water electrolysis, in which water is split into hydrogen and oxygen in an electrochemical redox reaction by applying electrical energy. This requires an energy input of approximately 45 kWh / kg of hydrogen.
[0008] The production of hydrogen through methane plasmalysis is also known. Plasmalysis is generally understood to be an electrochemical process that requires a voltage source. Plasmalysis describes the plasma-chemical dissociation of organic and inorganic compounds in interaction with a thermal or non-thermal plasma between two electrodes. In methane plasmalysis, methane, for example from natural gas, is decomposed into hydrogen and carbon in a plasma in the absence of oxygen. This requires an energy input of approximately 10 kWh / kg of hydrogen. The purity of hydrogen produced by methane plasmalysis is approximately 98%.
[0009] Such a plasmalysis device for methane plasmalysis is described in DE 10 2020 116 950 A1. The plasmalysis device is designed for corona discharge-induced splitting of hydrogen-containing gases into molecular hydrogen and a by-product and contains:
[0010] - a gas-tight reaction chamber,
[0011] - a gas supply line for the hydrogen-containing gas into the reaction chamber,
[0012] - exactly one plasma electrode for generating corona discharges in the reaction chamber by means of a high-frequency alternating voltage and
[0013] - a gas outlet for molecular hydrogen from the reaction chamber.
[0014] The gas-tight reaction chamber is enclosed by a wall designed to electrically insulate the plasma electrode from an outer side of the wall. The plasma electrode is connected to a high-frequency generator for generating the high-frequency alternating voltage.
[0015] Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is also known from the state of the art, which can be purely thermal.
[0016] Furthermore, various devices and methods for storing hydrogen are known from the prior art. Storage takes the form of compressed gas storage, liquefied gas storage, absorption storage, adsorption storage, or storage of hydrogen by chemically bonding it to another substance. Furthermore, various devices for generating energy from hydrogen are known from the prior art. These include, for example, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and internal combustion engines.
[0017] For example, DE 10 2020 002 276 A1 describes a power generation plant and a method for controlling the speed of a drive unit in a power generation plant. The drive unit is a speed-controlled hydrogen engine with operating gas circulation. To control the speed to the specified target speed, a change in the operating gas / oxygen / hydrogen mixture supplied to the hydrogen engine with operating gas circulation takes place. Argon is used as the operating gas. Argon is circulated through an outlet channel of the hydrogen engine and via a circulation path to an inlet channel and then returned to the combustion chamber. This is a closed circuit that realizes combustion without ambient air.
[0018] The invention is based on the object of specifying a novel hydrogen storage power plant and a novel method for operating a hydrogen storage power plant.
[0019] The object is achieved according to the invention by a storage power plant which has the features specified in claim 1 and by a method which has the features specified in claim 11.
[0020] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.
[0021] The hydrogen storage power plant according to the invention comprises a pyrolysis device for methane pyrolysis or natural gas pyrolysis and / or a plasmalysis device for methane plasmalysis and / or natural gas plasmalysis to generate hydrogen from methane or natural gas. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage power plant comprises a storage device for storing the hydrogen, coupled to the pyrolysis device on the output side, or a storage device for storing the hydrogen, coupled to the plasmalysis device on the output side. Furthermore, the hydrogen
[0022] Storage power plant has a hydrogen combustion engine coupled on the output side to the storage device with a closed noble gas circuit for a noble gas circulation, which leads from an outlet channel of the hydrogen combustion engine via a circulation path to an inlet channel of the hydrogen combustion engine and leads a noble gas from the outlet channel via the inlet channel into a combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0023] The hydrogen produced particularly energy-efficiently in the pyrolysis and / or plasmalysis process has a purity of approximately 98%. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, however, which is highly efficient, can only be operated with hydrogen of higher purity. Therefore, its use requires purification, which is very complex. A hydrogen combustion engine is characterized by a lower efficiency than a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, but can also be operated with hydrogen of lower purity.
[0024] The hydrogen combustion engine with a closed noble gas cycle used in the hydrogen storage power plant according to the invention, which is designed as an internal combustion engine, for example, as a reciprocating piston engine or turbine, has a similarly high efficiency to a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, but can also be operated with hydrogen of low purity. This increased efficiency results from the fact that the noble gas cycle is closed and the hydrogen is burned without ambient air. By using the noble gas as the working gas or operating gas, the thermal efficiency is increased compared to conventional internal combustion engines due to the high thermodynamic efficiency of the noble gas.The hydrogen combustion engine is also characterized by particularly low specific costs and long durability, as well as high efficiency and zero emissions, particularly compared to a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
[0025] Thus, the present hydrogen storage power plant particularly advantageously enables a combination of the energy-efficient pyrolysis and / or plasmalysis process for hydrogen production with a hydrogen combustion engine with a closed noble gas cycle. It is characterized by low energy consumption combined with high efficiency. The electrical energy used on the input side, for example, for plasmalysis, is lower than the electrical energy generated, for example, by an electrical generator coupled to and driven by the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0026] The hydrogen storage power plant thus enables hydrogen to be extracted and stored particularly efficiently from natural gas and / or methane, for example, when there is a surplus of electrical energy in an electrical grid. This process does not capture carbon dioxide, but rather elemental carbon. However, when electrical energy is needed, the hydrogen is also very efficiently burned in the hydrogen combustion engine, and the hydrogen combustion engine drives an electric generator, which feeds the generated electrical energy into the electrical grid.
[0027] The hydrogen storage power plant, similar to a pumped-storage power plant, can be used to purchase electrical energy cost-effectively at low energy prices on an energy exchange, and then use this energy to generate and store hydrogen. When energy prices are high, the stored hydrogen can then be reconverted to electricity using a hydrogen combustion engine, and the resulting electrical energy can be sold at a high price and fed into the electrical grid. The hydrogen storage power plant is characterized by cost-effective, high-capacity chemical energy storage and is particularly well-suited for long-term storage.
[0028] In one possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, it comprises at least one electronic control unit which controls components of the hydrogen storage power plant, for example valves, pumps and other components.
[0029] In a further possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, an electrical energy storage device is provided in which electrical energy taken from the electrical grid is stored and made available to the pyrolysis device and / or plasmalysis device for its operation. This makes it possible to take electrical energy from the electrical grid at times when energy prices are low, store it in the energy storage device, and supply the pyrolysis device and / or plasmalysis device with the stored, more cost-effective electrical energy at times when energy prices are high, so that the pyrolysis device and / or plasmalysis device has a particularly good utilization rate. This also allows the pyrolysis device and / or plasmalysis device to be dimensioned smaller.If the stored hydrogen is to be burned for re-electrification using the hydrogen combustion engine, this can be done in particular by feeding the electrical energy generated into the energy storage system when energy prices are low or medium, and feeding it from the energy storage system into the electrical grid when energy prices are high. The higher utilization of the pyrolysis device and / or plasmalysis device as well as the hydrogen combustion engine can result in a reduction in investment costs and the achievement of higher prices on the market, since periods of very high or very low prices are, at least in some cases, quite short. In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the noble gas is argon. Argon is monatomic and characterized by a particularly high thermodynamic efficiency, which leads to a further increase in the thermal efficiency of the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0030] In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, it has an oxygen generation unit whose outlet is coupled to the inlet port of the hydrogen combustion engine. This allows oxygen to be supplied to the hydrogen combustion engine in high concentrations, enabling its operation and further increasing its efficiency.
[0031] In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the oxygen generation unit is a gas permeation device designed to separate a gas mixture, particularly in the form of air, into at least oxygen and nitrogen. Such a gas permeation device comprises, for example, a gas permeation membrane and is particularly simple and reliable to operate.
[0032] In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the gas permeation device is designed for cascaded separation of the gas mixture and separates nitrogen, oxygen, and argon from the gas mixture. This allows oxygen and argon to be supplied to the inlet channel of the hydrogen combustion engine, and an argon reservoir can be reduced in size or eliminated. To prevent the argon concentration in the noble gas circuit from rising above a predetermined limit, it is regularly purged of excess argon, so that impurities are regularly removed or "washed out" from the noble gas circuit. In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the pyrolysis device is designed such that methane or natural gas is pyrolyzed without pressure reduction. A pressure-resistant container, for example, is provided for this purpose.Alternatively, the plasmalysis device is designed such that methane or natural gas is pyrolyzed without pressure reduction. This is achieved, for example, by adjusting an operating point, in particular adjusting an electrical voltage, an electrical current, distances between electrodes, etc. The aforementioned designs of the pyrolysis device and / or the plasmalysis device enable methane and / or natural gas to be directly extracted from a gas network without prior pressure reduction. Consequently, the effort required to compress the produced hydrogen to a higher pressure level, which is required for its storage, can be reduced. This can further increase the efficiency of the hydrogen storage power plant.
[0033] In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, it has a plasmalysis waste heat extraction point for extracting waste heat generated during methane plasmalysis and / or natural gas plasmalysis, and / or a cooling circuit waste heat extraction point for extracting waste heat generated during hydrogen combustion from the cooling circuit and transferred to a cooling circuit of the hydrogen combustion engine, and / or an exhaust gas waste heat extraction point for extracting waste heat generated during hydrogen combustion from the exhaust gas and transferred to an exhaust gas of the hydrogen combustion engine. This means that both the hydrogen combustion engine and the plasmalysis or pyrolysis provide high-temperature waste heat of, for example, approximately 400°C.The waste heat extraction points enable the waste heat to be sorted according to its temperature, thus enabling optimized use and / or storage of the waste heat in the hydrogen storage power plant and / or applications external to the power plant. In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point and / or the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point are / are coupled as a heat source to a thermodynamic cycle, for example, a (water) steam process, an organic Rankine cycle, or a supercritical CCh process. The thermodynamic cycle is coupled to a generator for generating electrical energy. The electrical energy generated in this way can in turn be fed to applications within the hydrogen storage power plant, for example, the plasmalysis device and / or a compressor for compressing the hydrogen for storage, thus further increasing its efficiency.The electrical energy generated can also be used for applications outside the hydrogen storage power plant.
[0034] In another possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, a switching element is media-technically coupled to the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point, the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point, and the thermodynamic cycle. The switching element is designed to media-technically couple the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point separately and jointly to the thermodynamic cycle. The switching element particularly advantageously enables at least virtually uninterrupted operation of the thermodynamic cycle, even though high-temperature waste heat does not occur simultaneously at the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point due to the different operating times of the plasmalysis device and the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0035] In a further possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the switching element is additionally coupled to a heat storage device in terms of media technology, wherein the switching element is designed to couple the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point separately and jointly with the heat storage device in terms of media technology. Furthermore, the switching element is designed to couple the heat storage device to the thermodynamic cycle in terms of media technology. The heat storage device enables storage of the high-temperature waste heat from the plasmalysis device and the exhaust gas from the hydrogen combustion engine, so that interruptions are buffered and the thermodynamic cycle can be carried out without interruption, particularly when there is no waste heat at the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point, or when waste heat is only available in insufficient quantities.
[0036] In a further possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant, the heat storage device has at least one latent high-temperature storage device with at least one phase change material and / or at least one sensitive high-temperature storage device with at least one sensitive storage material, for example a storage rock.
[0037] In the method according to the invention for operating a hydrogen storage power plant, methane pyrolysis or natural gas pyrolysis and / or methane plasmalysis and / or natural gas plasmalysis are / is carried out to generate hydrogen from methane or natural gas. The generated hydrogen is stored. The stored hydrogen is burned in a hydrogen combustion engine with a closed noble gas circuit to create a noble gas circulation system, which leads from an outlet port of the hydrogen combustion engine via a circulation path to an inlet port of the hydrogen combustion engine and carries a noble gas from the outlet port via the inlet port into a combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0038] The process implemented using the hydrogen storage power plant is characterized by its low energy consumption combined with high efficiency due to the combination of the energy-efficient pyrolysis and / or plasmalysis process for hydrogen production with the hydrogen combustion engine with a closed noble gas cycle. The electrical energy used on the input side, for example, for plasmalysis, is lower than the electrical energy generated, for example, by an electrical generator coupled to the hydrogen combustion engine.
[0039] In one possible embodiment of the process, at least a portion of the hydrogen produced is diverted and not fed into the storage device. This portion may, for example, be a surplus that cannot be absorbed by the storage device. This portion can then be remethanized using generally known processes and fed back into a gas grid. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the hydrogen storage device. The methane produced from the diverted portion of the hydrogen can also be burned directly. This would then be CO2-neutral, as the carbon dioxide once again forms a raw material for methanation. The methane can also be recycled, so that, for example, with existing infrastructure, a surplus of electrical energy can be used to decarbonize industrially captured carbon dioxide.
[0040] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
[0041] Showing:
[0042] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage power plant,
[0043] Figure 2 schematically shows a gas permeation membrane and
[0044] Figure 3 shows a schematic of a cascaded gas permeation membrane. Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.
[0045] Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a hydrogen storage power plant 1.
[0046] The hydrogen storage power plant 1 comprises a voltage converter 2 for converting an electrical voltage of an electrical network 3 into an operating voltage of the hydrogen storage power plant 1.
[0047] A converter 5 can be electrically coupled to the voltage converter 2 via a switch 4, via which converter a plasma lysis device 6 is electrically supplied.
[0048] The plasma lysis device 6 comprises a gas inlet 6.1, through which a gas G, in particular natural gas and / or methane, can be supplied. The gas supply can be adjusted by means of a controllable valve 7.
[0049] Furthermore, the plasmalysis device 6 comprises a gas outlet 6.2, via which hydrogen EE can be discharged, a plasmalysis waste heat extraction point 6.3 designed, for example, as a heat exchanger, and an outlet 6.4 for carbon C.
[0050] The gas outlet 6.2 is fluidically coupled to a compressor 8, which is driven by a motor 9. The motor 9 can be electrically coupled to the voltage converter 2 via a further switch 10.
[0051] The compressor 8 is fluidly coupled on the output side to a storage device 11 for storing the hydrogen EE.
[0052] The storage device 11 is coupled on the output side to a hydrogen combustion engine 12. The hydrogen combustion engine 12 has a closed noble gas circuit 12.1 for noble gas circulation, wherein the noble gas circuit 12.1 leads from an outlet channel 12.2 of the hydrogen combustion engine 12 via a circulation path to an inlet channel 12.3 of the hydrogen combustion engine 12, and a noble gas EG leads from the outlet channel 12.2 via the inlet channel 12.3 into a combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine 12.
[0053] The hydrogen combustion engine 12 further comprises a cooling circuit waste heat extraction point 12.4, an exhaust gas waste heat extraction point 12.5 with a water drain 12.5.1 and a storage tank 12.6 for the noble gas EG, which can be coupled to the noble gas circuit 12.1 via a valve 12.7.
[0054] An electric generator 13 is coupled to the hydrogen combustion engine 12, which is driven by the hydrogen combustion engine 12. The generator 13 can be electrically coupled to the voltage converter 2 by means of a further switch 14, so that electrical energy generated by the generator 13 can be fed into the electrical grid 3.
[0055] To obtain hydrogen Hz from natural gas and / or methane, these are or are fed to the plasma lysis device 6. In one possible embodiment, the natural gas and / or methane are / are extracted directly from a gas network without prior pressure reduction.
[0056] The methane is oxidized in a plasma under oxygen exclusion according to
[0057] CH4 (g) ^ C (f) + 2 H2(g) decomposes to form hydrogen Hz and elemental carbon C.
[0058] The carbon C is discharged via outlet 6.4, and the hydrogen H2 is compressed by compressor 8 and stored in storage device 11. If the natural gas and / or methane were decomposed in plasmalysis without prior pressure reduction, the effort required to compress the hydrogen H2 can be reduced due to the higher pressure level, since the hydrogen H2 already has a higher pressure at gas outlet 6.2.
[0059] Alternatively, in an embodiment not shown, the hydrogen H2 can be produced in a methane pyrolysis and / or natural gas pyrolysis by means of a pyrolysis device.
[0060] If the stored hydrogen H2 is to be combusted for reconversion to electricity by means of the hydrogen combustion engine 12, the hydrogen H2 is fed to the hydrogen combustion engine 12 via a valve 15. The noble gas circuit 12.1 is a closed circuit, with argon being used in particular as the noble gas EG.
[0061] Combustion of hydrogen H2 is achieved without ambient air. For this purpose, oxygen O2 is supplied to the hydrogen combustion engine 12 via a valve 16.
[0062] In one possible embodiment, the hydrogen storage power plant 1 has an oxygen generation unit 17 coupled to the valve 16, which is in particular a gas permeation device with a gas permeation membrane 17.1 and a delivery unit 17.2. By means of the delivery unit 17.2, air L is drawn into the gas permeation membrane 17.1, which separates the air L into nitrogen N2, oxygen O2, and the noble gas EG, in particular argon. Thus, oxygen O2 and the noble gas EG can be supplied to the inlet channel 12.3 of the hydrogen combustion engine 12, and the storage tank 12.6 can be reduced in size or eliminated.
[0063] To prevent the noble gas concentration in the noble gas circuit 12.1 from exceeding a specified limit, it is regularly purged of excess noble gas EG. Hydrogen combustion with operating gas circulation produces water H2O. This water H2O is condensed in a condenser, which may be part of an exhaust gas heat exchanger forming the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point 12.5, and separated from the noble gas EG used as the working gas, for example, argon. Consequently, only the noble gas EG is returned to the combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine 12 via the circulation path.
[0064] The energy converted into motion in the hydrogen combustion engine 12 by combustion of the hydrogen H2 is transferred to the generator 13, which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy and feeds it into the electrical grid 3.
[0065] In one possible embodiment of the hydrogen storage power plant 1, waste heat generated during plasmalysis in the plasmalysis device 6 and waste heat generated during the combustion of hydrogen H2 in the hydrogen combustion engine 12 can be utilized in a thermodynamic cycle 18. For this purpose, the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point 6.3 and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point 12.5 can be coupled to the thermodynamic cycle 18 as a heat source. The thermodynamic cycle 18 is implemented, for example, as a steam process, organic Rankine cycle, or supercritical CCh process.
[0066] A turbine (not shown in detail) of the cycle 18 is coupled in a known manner to an electric generator 19, which converts the turbine's kinetic energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is supplied to an electrical consumer of the hydrogen storage power plant 1 and / or fed into the electrical grid 3 via a further switch 20.
[0067] Since the processes of plasmalysis and hydrogen H2 combustion occur at different times and generally not simultaneously, in another possible embodiment, the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point 6.3 and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point 12.5 can be coupled to the cycle 18 via a switching element 21, which, for example, forms a switch. The switching element 21 is designed such that the coupling to the cycle 18 for the plasmalysis waste heat extraction point 6.3 and the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point 12.5 can occur separately and jointly.
[0068] In order to be able to operate the cyclic process 18 even when no or only insufficient waste heat can be provided from the plasmalysis and hydrogen combustion, at least for a short time, a further possible embodiment provides for the switching element 21 to be additionally coupled to a heat storage device 22. Thus, excess waste heat from the plasmalysis and hydrogen combustion can be stored and fed to the cyclic process 18 as needed, allowing it to operate without interruption.
[0069] Figure 2 shows a possible embodiment of a gas permeation membrane 17.1. The gas permeation membrane 17.1 comprises a housing GE and several hollow tubes R and is designed to separate air L into two gas groups. One gas group comprises nitrogen N2, and the other gas group comprises oxygen O2, carbon dioxide CO2, water H2O, and noble gases EG.
[0070] Figure 3 shows another possible embodiment of a gas permeation membrane 17.1. The gas permeation membrane 17.1 is configured for cascaded gas permeation and comprises two gas permeation membranes 17.1.1 and 17.1.2.
[0071] A first gas permeation membrane 17.1.1, whose function corresponds to the gas permeation membrane 17.1 shown in Figure 2, is followed by a further gas permeation membrane 17.1.2, which further separates the gas group containing oxygen O2, carbon dioxide CO2, water H2O, and noble gases EG into two gas groups. One gas group comprises carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O, and another gas group comprises oxygen O2 and argon as the noble gas EG. This allows the hydrogen combustion engine 12 to be supplied with an at least virtually pure gas mixture of oxygen O2 and argon.
[0072] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0073] Hydrogen storage power plant
[0074] Voltage converter electrical network
[0075] Switch
[0076] converter
[0077] Plasmalysis device
[0078] Gas inlet
[0079] Gas outlet
[0080] Plasmalysis waste heat extraction point
[0081] Outlet
[0082] valve
[0083] compressor
[0084] Motor
[0085] Switch
[0086] storage device
[0087] Hydrogen combustion engine
[0088] Noble gas cycle
[0089] exhaust channel
[0090] Inlet channel
[0091] Cooling circuit waste heat extraction point
[0092] Exhaust gas waste heat extraction point
[0093] Water drainage
[0094] storage container
[0095] valve
[0096] generator
[0097] Switch
[0098] valve
[0099] valve
[0100] Oxygen generation unit 17.1 Gas permeation membrane
[0101] 17.1.1 Gas permeation membrane
[0102] 17.1.2 Gas permeation membrane
[0103] 17.2 Conveyor unit
[0104] 18 Cyclic process
[0105] 19 Generator
[0106] 20 switches
[0107] 21 Switching element
[0108] 22 Heat storage device
[0109] C Carbon
[0110] CO2 carbon dioxide
[0111] EC noble gas
[0112] G Gas
[0113] GE housing
[0114] H2 hydrogen
[0115] H2O water
[0116] L Air
[0117] N2 nitrogen
[0118] O2 oxygen
[0119] R tube
Claims
PATENT CLAIMS E hydrogen storage power plant (1), comprising - for the production of hydrogen (H2) from methane or natural gas, a pyrolysis device for methane pyrolysis and / or natural gas pyrolysis and / or a plasma lysis device (6) for methane plasma lysis and / or natural gas plasma lysis, - a storage device (11) coupled to the output side of the pyrolysis device for storing the hydrogen (H2) or a storage device (11) coupled to the output side of the plasma lysis device (6) for storing the hydrogen (H2) and - a hydrogen combustion engine (12) coupled on the output side to the storage device (11) with a closed noble gas circuit (12.1) for a noble gas circulation, which leads from an outlet channel (12.2) of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) via a circulation path to an inlet channel (12.3) of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) and guides a noble gas (EG) from the outlet channel (12.2) via the inlet channel (12.3) into a combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine (12). . Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 1, wherein the noble gas (EG) is argon.
3. Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an oxygen generation unit (17) whose outlet is coupled to the inlet channel (12.3) of the hydrogen combustion engine (12). Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen generation unit (17) is a gas permeation device configured to separate a gas mixture, in particular air (L), at least into oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 4, wherein the gas permeation device is configured for a cascaded separation of the gas mixture and separates nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and argon from the gas mixture. Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - the pyrolysis device is designed in such a way that methane or natural gas is pyrolyzed without pressure reduction, or - the plasma lysis device (6) is configured such that methane or natural gas is pyrolyzed without pressure reduction. Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - a plasma lysis waste heat extraction point (6.3) for extracting waste heat generated during methane plasma lysis and / or natural gas plasma lysis and / or - a cooling circuit waste heat extraction point (12.4) for extracting waste heat generated during the combustion of hydrogen (H2) and transferred to a cooling circuit of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) from the cooling circuit and / or - an exhaust gas waste heat extraction point (12.5) for extracting waste heat from the exhaust gas generated during the combustion of hydrogen (H2) and transferred into the exhaust gas of the hydrogen combustion engine (12). Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 7, wherein - the plasma lysis waste heat extraction point (6.3) and / or the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point (12.5) are coupled as a heat source with a thermodynamic cycle process (18) and - the thermodynamic cycle (18) is coupled with a generator (19) for generating electrical energy. Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein - a switching element (21) is medially coupled to the plasma lysis waste heat extraction point (6.3), the exhaust gas waste heat extraction point (12.5) and the thermodynamic cycle process (18) and - the switching element (21) is formed, the plasma lysis waste heat extraction point (6.3) and the exhaust gas The waste heat extraction point (12.5) is to be coupled separately and together with the thermodynamic cycle (18) via media technology. Hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to claim 9, wherein - the switching element (21) is additionally coupled to a heat storage device (22) via media technology, - the switching element (21) is formed, the plasma lysis waste heat extraction point (6.3) and the exhaust gas The waste heat extraction point (12.5) is to be coupled separately and together with the heat storage device (22) via media technology, and - the switching element (21) is designed to couple the heat storage device (22) to the thermodynamic cycle (18) via a media technology. Method for operating a hydrogen storage power plant (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - to produce hydrogen (Hz) from methane or natural gas, methane pyrolysis and / or natural gas pyrolysis and / or methane plasmalysis and / or natural gas plasmalysis are carried out or are carried out, - the generated hydrogen (Hz) is stored and - the stored hydrogen (Hz) in a hydrogen combustion engine (12) with a closed noble gas cycle (12.1) to a noble gas circulation, which is supplied by a The exhaust port (12.2) of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) leads via a circulation path to an inlet port (12.3) of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) and a noble gas (EG) from the exhaust port (12.2) via the inlet port (12.3) into a combustion chamber of the hydrogen combustion engine (12) leads to combustion.