Wooden components for building floors

Abstract

The invention relates to a drop panel (1) made of wooden material for supporting and / or carrying wooden structural panels in building structures, the drop panel comprising a main body having an upper face (1.1), a lower face (1.2) facing away from the upper face, and an opening (3) extending from the upper face to the lower face. The drop panel (1) has at least one hollow space (4) which extends at least across a portion of the upper face and is designed to be filled with an adhesive and to comprise an adhesive layer. The invention also relates to a flat slab floor system comprising the drop panel (1), supports (10) and floor panels (30), and to a method for building the system.

Description

Timber construction elements for building ceilings Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to wooden structural elements for supporting ceiling structures in timber construction. State of the art

[0002] Wood is an increasingly attractive raw material in the construction industry and is used for its sustainability and durability as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional building materials, especially concrete.

[0003] However, the use of wooden components, especially in multi-story buildings, still presents a technical challenge for the construction industry due to the material properties of wood.

[0004] It is known, for example, to use load-bearing floor slabs made of wood-based material for multi-story buildings by gluing several building panels together on site, as described in WO20141 73633.

[0005] To support these large-area wooden ceilings, large-area construction panels are placed on columns. The columns are arranged in a grid pattern, with the spacing between them not being too narrow, so as not to negatively restrict the use of the space due to the number and arrangement of the columns.

[0006] Unlike concrete slabs, wooden floor slabs that are not adequately supported can flex or sag between the supports. These irregularities compromise the stability of the floor slab, especially under load.

[0007] To minimize the number of supports for wooden ceilings and ensure their stability, transverse and longitudinal beams made of wood are typically used, their thickness adapted to the load they are to bear. With typical support spacing of 8 by 8 meters, this would mean a thickness of approximately 1 meter for the longitudinal and / or transverse beams.

[0008] These rod-shaped beams or girders are conventionally uniaxial load-bearing timber components. This means they exhibit good stability for forces acting along the grain, but do not provide stable support for forces acting perpendicular to the grain. For this reason, both longitudinal and transverse beams are typically used to support timber ceilings, especially biaxially load-bearing timber ceilings.

[0009] A biaxially load-bearing wooden component, such as a wooden ceiling, is a component made of wood-based material that bears loads over a surface.

[0010] However, biaxially load-bearing wooden ceilings, for example ceilings made of cross-laminated timber or cross-laminated timber, which can be supported at points, are also known from the state of the art.

[0011] CN107654009 describes a connection structure that attaches timber columns to CLT timber floor panels for point support. The connection structure consists of steel components, including steel structural connectors and high-strength steel threaded rods. Steel provides sufficient rigidity and load-bearing capacity to secure the timber columns to the timber panels and transfer the applied forces to them.

[0012] However, no technical solution is currently known that enables stable, load-bearing, point-like support of wooden panels for ceilings or floors without the use of mechanical fasteners made of steel or metal and without concrete components in the support system.

[0013] One goal of timber construction is to reduce the use of these materials as much as possible. It is therefore desirable to find a stable, load-bearing ceiling or floor system for buildings that can be constructed primarily from wood-based materials and does not require additional fixing components made of metal or concrete. Description of the invention

[0014] One objective of the invention is to find wood-based components that can provide point support to biaxially load-bearing wooden ceilings without requiring additional fixing components made of metal or concrete.

[0015] Another objective of the invention is to find a point-supported ceiling and / or floor system made of wood-based material that is suitable for multi-story buildings.

[0016] According to the invention, these objectives are achieved by a mushroom-head reinforcement, a flat ceiling system, and a method for manufacturing this system according to the independent claims. Further optional embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0017] In particular, one or more of these objectives are achieved by a mushroom-shaped reinforcement made of wood-based material, which has a preferably planar load-bearing base body with an upper surface, a lower surface, and an opening extending from the upper surface to the lower surface. The mushroom-shaped reinforcement further comprises at least one cavity extending over at least a portion of the upper surface. This cavity is suitable for receiving adhesive and forming an adhesive layer.

[0018] The at least one cavity allows for the full-surface bonding of the mushroom-head reinforcement to the panels of a wooden ceiling, particularly a biaxially load-bearing wooden ceiling, via an adhesive layer of a defined minimum thickness. The minimum thickness of the adhesive layer is determined by the depth of the cavity. The bonding via the adhesive layer encompassed by the cavity is a rigid, full-surface bond. A rigid, full-surface bond is necessary to provide point support for biaxially load-bearing panels.

[0019] The term floor slab, wooden ceiling or wooden panel used here means a ceiling or panel made of wood-based material or solid wood.

[0020] The term component or timber component used here means an element made of wood suitable for timber construction, including engineered wood products, solid wood or round timber.

[0021] The term "wood-based material" as used here refers to a material produced from fragmented wood pieces joined together, for example, by gluing. Examples of wood-based materials include cross-laminated timber (CLT), cross-laminated timber (CLT), and plywood. CLT and cross-laminated timber are also known as cross-laminated timber. Wood-based materials in which the fragmented wood structural elements are arranged crosswise are biaxially load-bearing.

[0022] The size and shape of the wood particles determine the type of wood-based material and its properties. The wood particles can be bonded together with or without binders. They can also be mechanically bonded.

[0023] The upper surface and the lower surface of the base body are preferably arranged essentially parallel to each other.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the opening is arranged in the center or in the central area of ​​the upper surface. Preferably, the opening is thus arranged in the middle of the mushroom head reinforcement, so that it opens into the center of the upper surface.

[0025] The mushroom-head reinforcement can comprise one or more cavities. Multiple cavities are preferably arranged around the opening. If the mushroom-head reinforcement has a single cavity, it should be arranged in a frame or ring shape around the opening. Arranging the cavity(s) around the opening of the mushroom-head reinforcement helps ensure a uniform bond, thereby improving the stability of the support system.

[0026] Each cavity is at least partially bounded by a closed boundary that forms a barrier between the cavity and the opening.

[0027] In this context, "at least partially" means that the closed boundary either limits one side, for example, the inner side of a ring- or frame-shaped cavity, while another side, for example, the outer side of the cavity, is preferably surrounded by a second boundary, or that the closed boundary completely surrounds the cavity. In the latter case, the boundary is arranged around the periphery of a cavity.

[0028] Each cavity is suitable for receiving and enclosing a layer of adhesive. Each cavity is dimensioned such that a layer of adhesive can completely fill it.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, each cavity has a flat bottom. The flat bottom and lateral boundaries enclose the cavity. Preferably, the lateral boundaries determine the depth of the cavity. Each cavity preferably has a uniform depth. That is to say, the depth of each The cavity is essentially constant over its bounding floor area.

[0030] Preferably, the cavity(s) have a minimum depth of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm. The depth of the cavity(s) is preferably not more than 20 mm.

[0031] The base body of the mushroom-head reinforcement is preferably formed from a biaxially load-bearing wooden component. The forces acting on the base body are therefore transferred in two essentially perpendicular directions arranged in one plane.

[0032] To provide point support for a floor slab made of wood or wood-based materials, the base body should preferably have a thickness of 60 mm to 500 mm, 80 mm to 400 mm, or 80 mm to 350 mm. The thickness of the base body is preferably determined by the distance between the parallel upper and lower surfaces.

[0033] The cavity(s) can be recesses in the upper surface of the base body. In this embodiment, each recess is laterally bounded by walls. A recess can, for example, be milled into the upper surface of the base body.

[0034] The cavity(s) can also be created by arranging spacers, for example sealing elements, on the upper surface. In this design, the spacers are arranged in such a way that they form a closed boundary of a cavity, which constitutes a barrier between the cavity and the opening.

[0035] Sealing elements can be made of composite materials or rubber, for example. These sealing elements can be, for instance, foam sealing strips. Sealing elements are equipped to form hermetic barriers to the outside world.

[0036] Foam seals are suitable when a cavity is created by milling. In this design, the depth of the cavity is essentially determined by the side walls of the milled cavity.

[0037] In one embodiment, the cavity is delimited by sealing elements that act as spacers. These sealing elements thus define the depth of the cavity. These sealing elements form the boundaries of the cavity. To be suitable as spacers, the sealing element must be made of a sufficiently pressure-resistant material, such as rubber.

[0038] Sealing elements are not limited to specific materials. Other materials suitable for retaining an adhesive, particularly a resin, and forming the cavity depending on the design of the mushroom-head reinforcement, can also be used. The choice of suitable materials depends on the design of the mushroom-head reinforcement, as explained above.

[0039] Spacers can be glued to the top surface of the base body.

[0040] If the cavity surrounds the opening of the base body in a ring or frame shape, the cavity has an inner boundary that forms a barrier to the opening and an outer boundary along the outer circumference of the cavity.

[0041] If several cavities surround the opening, each cavity should have a closed boundary around its periphery.

[0042] The mushroom-head reinforcements are designed to be placed on supports of the flat slab. The supports are preferably arranged in a grid.

[0043] The supports have a first section with a first cross-sectional area and a second, tapered section with a second, smaller cross-sectional area. The tapered section of a support is designed to fit snugly through the opening of the mushroom-head reinforcement. The tapered section extends through the entire opening of the mushroom-head reinforcement.

[0044] The attached mushroom-head reinforcement rests on a shoulder of the support. This shoulder is formed by the upper end of the lower section. The shoulder extends around the tapered section. The shoulder bears the weight of the attached mushroom-head reinforcement.

[0045] The upper surface of the mushroom-shaped reinforcement is preferably larger than the cross-section of the first section of the support. The upper surface preferably projects laterally beyond the support. The lower surface of the mushroom-shaped reinforcement is preferably smaller than the upper surface of the mushroom-shaped reinforcement.

[0046] The lower surface can be dimensioned such that it coincides with the bearing surface of the shoulder of the support, so that the lateral outer surface of the first section of the support is flush with the lateral side(s) of the mushroom-head reinforcement. This design results in optimized force transmission from the mushroom-head reinforcement to the first section of the support.

[0047] The shape of the cross-sections through the first section and / or the second section of the support, as well as the upper surface and / or lower surfaces of the mushroom head reinforcement, is not specifically limited.

[0048] The base body of the mushroom-head reinforcement can, for example, have a square cross-section. However, the base body can also They have a round or polygonal cross-section. Since the mushroom-head reinforcement is designed for point-like support of slabs, elongated versions are less suitable. Unlike beams, the mushroom-head reinforcement is not a rod-shaped support element.

[0049] The support can, for example, have a square or a round cross-section in its two sections. The geometric shape of the cross-sections of the two sections can be different or the same. The shape of the cross-section of the second section is limited by the shape of the opening of the mushroom-head reinforcement, as the second section must be designed to fit snugly into the opening.

[0050] In one embodiment, the support is made of a wood-based material.

[0051] The support can also be made of other suitable building materials, such as concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, or a combination of materials. It is also possible to use wooden supports and reinforce them with additional steel elements. For example, a steel plate can be inserted between the upper and lower wooden supports, or other steel components can be integrated into or surrounding the tapered section of the support. These steel elements serve solely to reinforce the support and are not attached to the mushroom-head reinforcement. These elements do not serve to fix the mushroom-head reinforcement to the floor slab and / or the support.

[0052] The wooden flat slab is placed on the mushroom-head reinforcements attached to the support. The wooden flat slab preferably consists of biaxially load-bearing panels made of a wood-based material. Preferably, the panels are cross-laminated or plywood.

[0053] In a multi-story building, the columns of one story are aligned along the geometric central axis of the columns of the The column of the upper floor is erected on top of the column of the floor below. The column of the upper floor essentially forms a continuation of a column of the floor below. This arrangement of columns transfers the load force introduced into the upper columns to the columns below. This arrangement prevents the floor slab from being overloaded at specific points by the columns erected on the slabs, thus preventing deformation or failure under lateral pressure.

[0054] In one embodiment, the plates in the sections resting on the mushroom-head reinforcements have a greater thickness compared to the rest of the plate. The thickness of a plate in these sections is preferably increased by 10% to 150%. In this embodiment, the greater plate thickness acts as a mushroom-head reinforcement.

[0055] In another embodiment, the sections of the plates that rest on the mushroom-head reinforcements are reinforced by means of additional flat components, for example, boards. In this embodiment, the mushroom-head reinforcements are attached to the plate.

[0056] The two designs mentioned in the preceding paragraphs offer the advantage that the area of ​​the slab exposed to the greatest force is additionally reinforced, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity of the floor slab.

[0057] However, it is also possible that the mushroom-head reinforcements are flush with areas of the plate that do not have additional structural reinforcements. In this design, the mushroom-head reinforcements are integrated into the plate.

[0058] In one embodiment, the plates have transverse through-openings through which the tapered sections of the column are guided. For this embodiment, columns are used whose tapered sections extend through the entire length of the opening of the mushroom-head reinforcement and the through-opening of the plate.

[0059] In this design, the columns of an upper floor are in direct contact with the columns of the floor below. More precisely, the lower surfaces of the first section of the upper column articulate with the upper surfaces of the second section of the column below. Because the first section of the column has a larger cross-section than the second section, part of the lower surface of the upper column rests on the tapered section of the column below. The weight of the upper column, as well as the force applied to it, is thus transferred to the tapered section of the column below without transmitting the force through the floor slab.

[0060] In one embodiment, the upper and lower end regions of the columns are tapered, so that these regions partially project into a passageway in a floor slab and interact there with the tapered ends of the column above and below, respectively, which are inserted into the passageway. In this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous for wooden columns to insert a Meta II plate, preferably a steel plate, between the end faces of the columns. The metal plate improves the transfer of compressive force from the upper to the lower column.

[0061] In another embodiment, only one end of a support can be tapered to extend through the length of the opening and to interact with the support below or above it. As in the previous example, a metal plate can also be installed between the contact surfaces of the two supports to optimize the transmission of compressive forces.

[0062] In another embodiment, the supports can rest on the openings without protruding into them. In this case, the contact surfaces of the supports with the floor slab are larger than the opening. To transfer the compressive force from the upper to the lower support, a metal element is preferably used in this case. Preferably a steel element is provided. The metal element preferably has two metal plates, one metal plate contacting the lower end faces of the upper support and the other metal plate contacting the upper end face of the lower support. The metal element further has a central connecting section, preferably a cylindrical section. The connecting section extends through the through-opening.

[0063] The weight of the floor slab, as well as the load force acting on and transmitted to the slab, is introduced into the first, lower section of the column via the mushroom head reinforcement.

[0064] The cavities of the mushroom-head reinforcements are designed to be filled with adhesive in order to bond the reinforcements to the floor slab or the floor slab panels. For this purpose, the adhesive is poured or injected into the cavities of the mushroom-head reinforcements once the panels are in contact with them.

[0065] The cavities are completely filled with adhesive. The cured adhesive forms an adhesive layer. The thickness of the adhesive layer corresponds to the depth of the respective cavity.

[0066] The cavity of the mushroom-shaped reinforcement prevents the area of ​​the base body's upper surface, which is to be bonded, from contacting the plate. Therefore, a gap exists between this area of ​​the upper surface and the plate, defined by the closed boundary.

[0067] Wood-based materials are natural building materials that adapt to the prevailing indoor climate. Wood can swell, shrink, or warp. Furthermore, the surface of a wooden component is usually not perfectly flat but exhibits irregularities. Therefore, fixing elements are typically required to bond two flat wooden components firmly and stably together. by means of which a sufficiently strong pressing pressure can be generated on the surfaces to be bonded in order to ensure the accuracy of the adhesive joint.

[0068] In the present invention, the joint formed by the cavity is fixed before bonding or potting. In contrast to press bonding of flat sides of components, the volume or dimensions of the joint corresponding to the cavity remain constant during the bonding process.

[0069] It is possible to fill the cavity of the mushroom-head reinforcement with adhesive before the floor slabs are placed on top. However, air pockets can easily form between the adhesive and the slabs during installation. Therefore, complete filling of the cavity with adhesive is not guaranteed.

[0070] By pouring or injecting the adhesive after placing the plates onto the mushroom-head reinforcement, it can be ensured that the existing cavities are completely filled. The poured adhesive spreads throughout the entire cavity and penetrates small cracks and irregularities in the surrounding surfaces, so that all irregularities are filled with adhesive. The air trapped in the cavity is displaced by the adhesive through vents, as described below.

[0071] The cavities in the mushroom-shaped reinforcements allow the use of a casting resin, preferably a two-component resin. The adhesive layer within these cavities can conform to the natural characteristics of the bonded surfaces of the wooden components and fill any irregularities, thus creating a rigid, continuous bond between the components. This rigid, continuous bond results in a robust connection between the components, eliminating the need for additional fixing elements to stabilize the joint.

[0072] The adhesive layer handles the entire force transmission. The weight of the panel, as well as the forces acting upon it, are completely transferred into the adhesive layer and from there to the mushroom-head reinforcement.

[0073] To fill the cavities of the column structure, filling and venting openings are provided in the floor slabs. These openings can be, for example, drill holes. The openings extend transversely across the thickness of the slabs.

[0074] The filler openings and the vent openings are designed such that at least one filler opening and one vent opening each open into a cavity. If a cavity is segmented, at least one filler opening and one vent opening open into each segment.

[0075] In one version, a filling opening and several vent openings each lead into a segment of a cavity, or into a cavity.

[0076] Achieving complete adhesive distribution in a horizontal joint presents a significant challenge. Vertical joints are conventionally filled from below to prevent air bubbles from being trapped. This is more difficult and less effective for horizontal joints.

[0077] The cavities between the mushroom-head reinforcement and the floor slab are horizontal joints. Even distribution of the adhesive throughout the entire cavity, as well as complete filling of the cavity, is crucial for the load-bearing capacity and stability of the connection. Uneven adhesive distribution can lead to the entrapment of air bubbles, which weaken the joint.

[0078] To improve and better control the filling and distribution of the adhesive, it is advantageous to divide cavities into separate segments. The adhesive spreads more evenly throughout the entire cavity when poured into individual segments. Furthermore, the adhesive spreads more quickly within the smaller volume of each segment than it would across the entire cavity.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive is a casting resin. Preferably, the adhesive is a two-component casting resin. This casting resin can, for example, be a polyurethane casting resin.

[0080] Preferably, the adhesive is a non-sag adhesive, in particular a non-sag resin. The term "non-sag" here means that the adhesive has a dynamic viscosity of 25,000 mPa s to 100,000 mPa s.

[0081] A stable adhesive is particularly well-suited for filling the cavity, which is a horizontal joint, because air pockets can be avoided due to the adhesive's viscous properties. "Filling" here means completely filling the cavity.

[0082] To reduce noise transmission through the floor slab system described here, the floor slab panels, as well as the mushroom head reinforcements and the columns, can be fitted with soundproofing elements.

[0083] The application of soundproofing elements, for example soundproof membranes, to panels made of wood-based materials is generally known and will not be explained in more detail here.

[0084] Even if the floor slabs are soundproofed, sound can still be transmitted via the mushroom head reinforcements and the columns.

[0085] To prevent this, mushroom head reinforcements and supports can preferably also be provided with soundproofing elements, preferably by means of a sound insulation system.

[0086] The soundproofing elements of the sound insulation system can consist of commonly known soundproofing materials, such as an elastomer, for example, PUR elastomer. The soundproofing elements can, for example, be one or more soundproof membranes.

[0087] In one embodiment, the sound insulation system includes a first component that rests on the shoulder of the support. The sound insulation system preferably also includes a second component that forms a layer around the tapered section of the support.

[0088] The first component preferably covers the entire shoulder. The first component can be glued to the shoulder.

[0089] The second component preferably completely surrounds the side surface(s) of the tapered section of the support. The second component can be tubular and pulled over the tapered section. Alternatively, the second component can be planar and wound around the second section in a single layer. The second component can also be bonded to the tapered section.

[0090] The first and second components can be separate components. However, the first and second components can also be connected to each other in such a way that they form a single part.

[0091] To ensure optimal sound insulation, the first and second components should connect seamlessly and completely cover the shoulder and the lateral sides of the tapered section of the support. The two components should preferably form a Form a hermetic covering of the shoulder and the side surfaces of the tapered section.

[0092] The two components can fit flush against each other. They can also overlap. The two components can be glued together.

[0093] The shape of the first component and the second component should be chosen so that they can be easily and appropriately arranged on the surfaces of the shoulder or the tapered section to be covered.

[0094] In one embodiment, the shoulder and / or side surface(s) of the tapered section are each covered by several first or second components, respectively. For example, multiple strips or differently shaped parts of soundproofing material can be arranged on the shoulder and / or side surface(s) of the tapered section of the support. This multitude of parts should be arranged to cover as much of the surface as possible in order to achieve good sound insulation.

[0095] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a point-supported ceiling system. Brief description of the characters The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, which show Fig. 1A shows a schematic three-dimensional view from above of an embodiment of a mushroom head reinforcement in which the cavity is formed as a planar recess of the upper surface; Fig. 1B is a schematic top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1; Fig. 2A shows a schematic top view of the upper surface and two lateral surfaces of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, which consists of cross-laminated timber; Fig. 2B shows a schematic top view of the upper surface and two lateral surfaces of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, which consists of plywood; Fig. 3A shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of a mushroom head reinforcement, the cavity of which is divided into rectangular segments; Fig. 3B shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of a mushroom head reinforcement, the cavity of which is divided into square segments; Fig. 3C shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of a mushroom head reinforcement, the cavity of which is divided into larger rectangular segments which are filled with adhesive; Fig. 3D a schematic top view of an embodiment with four disk-shaped cavities arranged around the central opening; Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a cavity which is filled through a central filling opening and has four vent openings arranged in the corners of the square cavity; Fig. 5A a schematic side view of an embodiment of a support; Figs. 5B, 5C and 5D show schematic top views of various possible designs of a support; Figure 6A shows a schematic, lateral cross-sectional view of a section of an exemplary embodiment of a floor slab; Figure 6B is a schematic three-dimensional top view of a section of an exemplary embodiment of a floor slab, in which the structures not visible from above are indicated as interrupted elements; Figure 6C shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of the plates, mushroom head reinforcements and supports of the section of the floor slab shown in Figure 6B; Figure 7A shows a schematic three-dimensional view from above of an arrangement of an embodiment of a three-story ceiling system according to this invention; Figure 7B shows a schematic three-dimensional view from below of an arrangement of an embodiment of a three-story ceiling system according to this invention; Ways to implement the invention

[0096] The embodiments of a mushroom head reinforcement 1 according to this invention are shown in Figures 1A to 3D.

[0097] The examples given here represent embodiments with a base solid that has a square upper surface 1.1, which tapers towards a similarly square lower surface 1.2 (Figures 6A and 7B). The depicted base solid has the shape of a flattened, inverted truncated pyramid with a square base.

[0098] The lateral walls of the mushroom head reinforcement can rise from the lower surface 1.2 to the upper surface 1.1 at an angle of inclination of preferably 30° to 90°, 45° to 90°, or 60° to 90°.

[0099] However, the invention is not limited to this specific shape. The base body can, for example, also take the form of a flattened [shape / structure]. frustum of a cone with a lower surface 1.2, which has a smaller cross-section than the upper surface 1.1.

[0100] Preferably, the lower surface 1.2 is smaller than the upper surface 1.1. The lower surface 1.2 interacts with the surface formed by a shoulder 115 of a support 10 (Figures 5A to 5D).

[0101] The base body of the mushroom head reinforcement 1 has a continuous transverse opening 3 between the upper surface 1.1 and the lower surface 1.2. This opening is preferably located in the center, or in a central area, of the upper surface 1.1 and / or the lower surface 1.2.

[0102] The mushroom head reinforcement further comprises one or more cavities, which are either arranged on the upper surface 1.1 or represent the depressions of the upper surface 1.1. Depressions can be incorporated into a base body. Recesses can be milled in, for example.

[0103] The cavity(s) are designed to be filled with an adhesive, preferably a stable casting resin, for example a two-component casting resin. The shape of the cavity is such that the adhesive can cure within it to form an adhesive layer of a defined thickness.

[0104] The thickness of the cured adhesive layer is determined by the boundaries 5.1, 5.2 of a cavity 4. Preferably, the thickness of the cured adhesive layer is at least 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm or 5 mm. The thickness of the adhesive layer should preferably not exceed 20 mm.

[0105] Preferably, the thickness of this cured adhesive layer is essentially homogeneous, apart from minor deviations attributable to the natural properties of the wood material. These minor deviations amount to Generally, not more than 5%, not more than 10%, or not more than 25% of the thickness of the adhesive layer.

[0106] Figures 1A to 3B show exemplary embodiments, each featuring a single cavity 4 surrounding the central opening, formed by a recess in the upper surface 1.1. In these examples, the cavity 4 is a closed recess framing a central area of ​​the upper surface 1.1. The lateral walls of the recess form an inner boundary 5.1 to the opening and an outer boundary 5.2.

[0107] However, it is also possible that the cavity is not a depression, but is formed by protrusions of the mushroom head reinforcement.

[0108] In another embodiment, the cavity is limited by spacers arranged on the upper surface 1.1 of the mushroom-head reinforcement, which are, for example, sealing elements. The cavity thus rests on the upper surface 1.1.

[0109] To provide both surface and point support for biaxially oriented wooden panels, the mushroom-head reinforcement should be designed to be biaxially load-bearing. For this reason, the mushroom-head reinforcement is preferably made of a biaxially load-bearing wood-based material.

[0110] For the surface support of wooden ceiling panels in buildings, mushroom head reinforcements of this invention preferably have a thickness of 60 mm to 500 mm, of 10 mm to 400 mm, or of 150 mm to 350 mm.

[0111] The upper surface area of ​​a mushroom head reinforcement made of cross-laminated timber is preferably between 0.5 m² 2 up to 9 m 2 The upper surface area of ​​a mushroom head reinforcement made of plywood is preferably 0.5 m2 to 9 m2.

[0112] Figure 2A depicts a base body made of cross-laminated timber. Two lateral outer walls of the base body are shown in a top view next to the upper surface. The diagonally hatched layers correspond to the end faces of parallel wood lamellae 61. The layers without hatching represent sections parallel to the main grain direction 62 of the wood lamellae. The long sides of the wood are visible in these layers.

[0113] Figure 2B shows a base body made of plywood. Two lateral outer walls of the base body are shown in a top view next to the top surface. The horizontally hatched layers correspond to end-face cross-sectional surfaces 71, the dark intermediate layers 72 are sections along the main grain direction.

[0114] In Figures 3A and 3B, the cavity 4 of an embodiment with a single cavity is divided into several segments S1, S2, S3, Sn. The segments are separated from each other by barriers 80, which can be seals or partitions. The segments are individually encapsulated with adhesive. In Figure 3B, segments filled with adhesive are shown as dotted areas.

[0115] In the embodiment shown in Figure 3C, a mushroom-head reinforcement with a single cavity is defined by an inner boundary 5.1 and an outer boundary 5.2, both of which are arranged on the upper surface of the base body. The boundaries can be created, for example, by spacers, which are preferably sealing elements. The cavity in Figure 3C is segmented.

[0116] In one embodiment, several cavities are preferably arranged regularly around the central opening. This is shown, for example, in Figure 3D.

[0117] Figure 3D shows a mushroom head reinforcement with multiple cavities 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, in this specific case with four cavities. The cavities are each defined by closed boundaries 5.1, which are arranged on the upper surface of the base body. These closed boundaries form barriers to the opening and to the other cavities.

[0118] The segments can take on various geometric shapes. For example, segments can be square, rectangular, or triangular. Square-shaped segments have the advantage that they can be poured more easily, and especially more regularly, through a central filling opening, as explained below.

[0119] Several cavities arranged around the opening can also have different shapes. Disc-shaped or square shapes are preferred, as these shapes are easier to pour through a central filling opening.

[0120] The at least one cavity, or the separate segments, of the mushroom-head reinforcement are grouted after the reinforcement has been placed on the support and the ceiling panel of the reinforcement has been installed. The cavity is thus covered by the ceiling panel. For grouting the at least one cavity, or the segments, filling openings 31 and vent openings 32 are provided in the panels. At least one filling opening and at least one vent opening must open into each segment, or, if the cavity is not subdivided, into each cavity.

[0121] Figure 4 schematically illustrates a preferred arrangement of a filling opening 31 and vent openings 32 in a square cavity, or a square segment. In this figure, only the filling opening 31 of the plate and the vent openings 32 are visible; the plate itself is transparent to allow a view into the cavity. The black arrows indicate the Flow direction of the adhesive, or of the air displaced from the cavity.

[0122] The adhesive is filled into the cavity, or segment, through a single filling opening 31 in the plate. The filling opening 31 of the plate is arranged such that it opens into the center of the cavity, or segment.

[0123] The injected adhesive spreads concentrically in all directions from the central filling opening. This is indicated in Figure 4 by the concentric dashed lines. The adhesive displaces the air outwards, with the risk of air bubble formation being greatest in the corners of the cavity.

[0124] To avoid the formation of air bubbles in the corners, the ventilation openings 32 of the plate are preferably arranged so that they open into the corner areas of the cavity.

[0125] The cavity in Figure 4 is square and has four ventilation openings 32 in its corner regions. However, a cavity or segment can also have a polygonal geometric shape, for example a pentagon or a hexagon. In these polygonal shapes, it is also advantageous to arrange the ventilation openings in at least some of the corner regions.

[0126] The cavity or segment can also be designed without corners, for example, disc-shaped or elliptical. In this case, the ventilation openings 32 should be arranged along the periphery of the cavity.

[0127] It is also possible to provide cavities or segments with a triangular base. However, this shape is less advantageous, as air bubbles can more easily become trapped in acute-angled corners than in corners with an angle of at least 90°.

[0128] The viscosity of the adhesive also influences the risk of air bubble formation. Free-flowing adhesives tend to spread quickly across the base of the cavity or segment and, during filling, trap air bubbles along the bonding surface of the plate resting on the mushroom-head reinforcement. For this reason, an adhesive with increased viscosity, suitable for filling through the opening and spreading viscously through the cavity, is more appropriate.

[0129] To reduce the risk of air inclusions, the adhesive should have a dynamic viscosity of 10,000 mPa s to 100,000 mPa s, or preferably 25,000 mPa s to 100,000 mPa s.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive is a two-component adhesive.

[0131] Preferably, the adhesive is a casting resin, for example a two-component polyurethane, or an epoxy resin.

[0132] The point-supported support system for the biaxially load-bearing flat slabs includes the mushroom head reinforcement which is placed on a column with shoulder 115, as described above.

[0133] Possible embodiments of the support according to this invention are shown in Figures 5A to 5D. The support 10 has a lower, first section 11 of a cross-sectional area D1, and an upper, second section 12 of a cross-sectional area D2, wherein D1 is larger than D2. The upper section is a tapered section. The shoulder 115, formed by the lower section 11, surrounds the upper, tapered section 12. Figure 5A is a schematic side view of a support 10.

[0134] Various cross-sectional shapes are possible for the two sections of the support. The shape of the support is not particularly limited. However, the shape of the tapered section 12 must match the shape of the Opening 3 of the mushroom head reinforcement and, if applicable, the ceiling plate must be compatible.

[0135] Several possible embodiments of the supports 10 are shown schematically in Figures 5B, C and D.

[0136] Figures 6A, B, and C show different views of a possible embodiment of a mushroom-shaped ceiling system according to this invention. The system comprises biaxially load-bearing wooden panels 30, which are placed on the mushroom-shaped head reinforcements 1 mounted on the supports 10. The ceiling panels have filling openings and ventilation openings (not shown).

[0137] In the illustrated embodiment, the plates 30 have a through-opening 35 through which the tapered sections of the supports 10 extend. However, it is also possible to use plates without through-openings. In this case, the underside of the plate preferably rests on the mushroom-head reinforcement and the tapered section that extends through the mushroom-head reinforcement.

[0138] Figure 6A is a schematic, lateral cross-sectional view through the center of the mushroom head reinforcement, or support.

[0139] Figure 6B, which shows a schematic three-dimensional top view of the same embodiment, depicts eight ceiling panels 30, which are point-supported by four columns with mushroom-head reinforcements. The panels and mushroom-head reinforcements are shown transparently. Structures not normally visible from this top view are indicated as broken elements or lines. The panels 30 are connected to one another, preferably by bonding.

[0140] Figure 6C is a schematic view from below of the same embodiment, with the arrangement of the mushroom head reinforcements on the plates marked. TI

[0141] Figures 7A and 7B depict a multi-story mushroom-shaped ceiling support system according to this invention. The columns 10 of the ceiling slabs are arranged in a grid pattern. In a typical building, the distance between the individual columns is preferably 9 m, approximately 6 m to 10 m, or 7 m to 9 m. Smaller distances are possible; however, columns placed too close together are disadvantageous for the use of the space.

[0142] The supports 10 of a multi-story structure are preferably arranged axially to the supports above and / or below. This is illustrated in Figures 7A and 7B.

[0143] In the illustrated embodiments, the supports and mushroom-head reinforcements are attached to a central area of ​​the plates. However, it is also possible for the supports and mushroom-head reinforcements to be arranged at the interfaces of the plates.

[0144] A floor slab made of engineered wood is typically assembled on-site from several wood panels, as an entire slab cannot be delivered using standard transport methods due to its dimensions. The assembly of the floor slab support system is also carried out on-site.

[0145] According to the invention, a point-supported floor slab support system is assembled as follows:

[0146] One or preferably several supports 10 with an upper tapered section 12 and a shoulder 115 surrounding the tapered section are erected. The supports are preferably erected in a defined grid. The dimensioning of the grid should take into account the dimensions and arrangement of the plates, as well as the orientation of prefabricated filling and venting openings in the plates.

[0147] The mushroom-head reinforcements described above are then attached to the tapered section 12 via their opening 3, so that the mushroom-head reinforcement rests on the shoulder 115 of the support. It is also possible to attach the mushroom-head reinforcements before erecting the supports.

[0148] In the next step, wooden panels are placed onto the supports with the mushroom-head reinforcements. The wooden panels can already be partially joined to form a wooden ceiling, preferably by gluing. However, it is also possible to place the panels individually onto the mushroom-head reinforcement(s). In this case, the panels can be bonded to the mushroom reinforcements, as well as to each other, using a grout process.

[0149] The floor slabs are aligned such that at least one transverse filling opening 31 and at least one transverse venting opening 32 each open into the same cavity 4 or into the same segment Sn of a cavity in the mushroom-head reinforcement. Preferably, the floor slab, or a portion of the slabs, already has appropriately arranged filling openings 31 and venting openings 32 before being placed on the columns. These openings can, for example, be boreholes.

[0150] It is also possible to add the filling openings 31 and venting openings 32 to the already laid panels afterwards, for example by means of targeted drilling. However, this design is less advantageous, as small pieces of wood produced during the drilling of the openings can fall into the cavity and impair the quality of the adhesive layer formed therein, as well as the optimal spreading of the casting resin.

[0151] Once the floor slabs are placed on the supports with mushroom-head reinforcements, the cavities 4, or their segments Sn, can be filled with adhesive through filling openings 31. The cavities or segments Ideally, the joint should be completely filled with adhesive. Air bubbles should be avoided, as these reduce the quality of the resulting rigid bond.

[0152] In the next step, the adhesive cures without the application of pressure. In the assembled system, the boundaries of the cavity create a minimum depth that essentially keeps the interior of the cavity free of pressure. The weight of the panel rests on these boundaries, allowing the adhesive to cure without pressure within the cavity or segments.

[0153] To ensure that a cavity or segment is completely filled with adhesive, the following process steps can be applied optionally.

[0154] First, the adhesive is poured into the cavity or segment via the filling opening 31 until it emerges through one or more vent openings 32. Each vent opening through which adhesive emerges is then preferably reversibly sealed until adhesive emerges from every vent opening. The vent openings can, for example, be reversibly sealed with a dowel.

[0155] The filling opening is left open so that the fill level can be monitored. If the fill level drops, the plugs on the vents are removed and casting resin is added until adhesive comes out of all vents. The vents are then plugged again.

[0156] When the fill level in the filling and venting opening remains constant, the joint is completely filled.

[0157] After the cavity or segment has been completely filled, indicated by a constant fill level, the reversible closure elements, such as dowels, can be removed from the The ventilation openings can be removed. However, the sealing elements, such as dowels, can also be inserted deeper into the ventilation openings so that they do not protrude from the ventilation openings and permanently seal the cavity or segment.

[0158] The quality of a cast cavity or segment can be determined as described below.

[0159] The volume of a cavity covered by a wooden panel, or of a segment of a cavity, is calculated theoretically.

[0160] The volume of adhesive poured into the cavity or segment is determined.

[0161] The calculated cavity volume is compared with the determined adhesive volume.

[0162] A statement regarding the quality of the bond is generated. This statement is based on the premise that a deviation of the calculated cavity volume from the measured adhesive volume exceeding a predetermined value may indicate a reduced bond quality.

[0163] If the calculated cavity volume is larger than the determined adhesive volume, this may indicate possible air inclusions.

[0164] If the calculated cavity volume is smaller than the determined adhesive volume, this may indicate possible leaks.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A mushroom head reinforcement (1) made of wood-based material for supporting and / or carrying wood-based panels in building structures, comprising a base body with an upper surface (1.1), a lower surface (1.2) facing away from the upper surface, and an opening (3) extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, - wherein the mushroom head reinforcement (1) has a cavity (4) extending at least over a part of the upper surface, or several cavities (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4), - wherein each cavity is at least partially bounded by a closed boundary (5.1) which forms a barrier between the cavity (4) and the opening (3), and - wherein each cavity is oriented in such a way as to be completely filled with an adhesive to form an adhesive layer.

2. The mushroom head reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein the base body is a biaxially load-bearing wooden component, preferably formed from cross-laminated timber or plywood, for example cross-laminated timber or veneer plywood.

3. The mushroom head reinforcement according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the cavity or cavities are formed as a recess in the upper surface, and wherein the closed boundary (5.1) is formed by a lateral wall of the respective recess.

4. The mushroom head reinforcement according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the cavity or cavities are each bounded by a closed boundary (5.1) arranged on the upper surface of the base body, preferably a spacer, for example a sealing element.

5. The mushroom head reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a single cavity (4) arranged around the opening (3) and comprising an inner closed boundary (5.1) forming a barrier to the opening (3) and an outer closed boundary (5.2).

6. The mushroom head reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a plurality of cavities (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.n), wherein the closed boundary (5.1) of each cavity forms a barrier to opening as well as a barrier to the other cavities.

7. The mushroom head reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the upper surface (1.1) and the lower surface (1.2) are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

8. The mushroom head reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cavity or several cavities have a minimum depth of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or 5 mm.

9. The mushroom head reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cavity or cavities have several separate segments (S1, S2, S3, Sn), each segment being oriented to receive an adhesive, preferably a two-component casting resin, to form a planar adhesive layer.

10. A system comprising a preferably biaxially load-bearing mushroom-head reinforcement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, a support (10), and a biaxially load-bearing wooden floor slab (30), wherein the support (10) has a first section (11) with a first cross-sectional area (D1), and a second tapered section (12) with a second cross-sectional area (D2) that is smaller than the first cross-sectional area (D1), wherein the second tapered section (12) is dimensioned to extend appropriately through the opening (3) of the mushroom-head reinforcement, and wherein the The second tapered section (12) is surrounded by a shoulder (115) formed by the first section, wherein at least a portion of the lower surface (7) of the mushroom head reinforcement of the shoulder (115) rests upon it when the mushroom head reinforcement (1) and support (10) are assembled, such that the shoulder supports the mushroom head reinforcement, and - wherein the wooden floor plate (30) has one or more transverse filling openings (31) and one or more transverse venting openings (32), wherein filling openings and venting openings are oriented such that in the assembled system at least one filling opening and at least one venting opening each open into the same cavity, the mushroom head reinforcement, or into the same segment of a cavity.

11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the support consists of a wood-based material or solid wood.

12. A method for manufacturing a point-supported floor and / or ceiling system comprising the following steps - Setting up one or preferably several supports (10) having an upper tapered section (12) and a shoulder (115) surrounding the tapered section, - Attaching a preferably biaxially load-bearing mushroom head reinforcement (1) made of wood-based material having an opening (3) and a cavity formed on an upper surface (1.1) (4) or several cavities (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.n) to enclose an adhesive layer, such that the tapered section (12) of the support extends through the opening (3) and such that the mushroom head reinforcement (1) rests on the shoulder (115), - Placing a wooden floor panel (30) on the mushroom head reinforcement (1), wherein the wooden floor panel preferably has at least one transverse filling opening (31) and at least one transverse venting opening (32), and wherein the at least one filling opening (31) and the at least one venting opening (32) of the wooden floor panel (30) are arranged such that they each open into the same cavity of the mushroom head reinforcement, or into the same segment of a cavity, when the wooden floor panel (30) is placed on the mushroom head reinforcement (1); - Filling the cavity (4) or cavities (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with adhesive through the at least one filling opening (31) so that the cavity or cavities are completely filled with adhesive, - pressureless curing of the adhesive in the cavity (4) or in the cavities (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4).

13. Method according to claim 12, wherein one or more cavities are each divided into several segments (S1, S2, S3, Sn) which are separated from each other.

14. Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein each cavity or each segment of a cavity is filled through a single filling opening (31) arranged in a central region of the cavity or segment, and wherein each cavity or each segment of a cavity is vented through several vent openings (32) arranged in the peripheral regions of the cavity or segment.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the adhesive is a non-sag casting resin.

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