Module for a plant wall

Abstract

The invention relates to a module (1) for a plant wall comprising a prefabricated outer wall (10) made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, the outer wall (10) comprising an attachment portion (101) and an accommodating portion (100) extending from a lower end (101b) of the attachment portion (101) in order to define a volume (102) in which a substrate (102.1) for growing plants is arranged, the wall (10, 11) comprising a tube (103) that opens into the volume, (102) on the one hand, and to the outside of the outer wall (10), on the other hand.

Description

Description Title of the invention: GREEN WALL MODULE Technical field.

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of green wall modules and in particular load-bearing wall modules. State of the art.

[0002] Urban areas are becoming increasingly dense, and in the face of climate change, nature has once again become a priority. Bringing nature back to the heart of cities has become an essential aspect of urban development, as plants produce oxygen, purify our air, and effectively combat the urban heat islands often found in city centers. Plants also help reduce air pollution by lowering the carbon dioxide content of the air. The presence of plants also contributes to lowering ambient temperature through evapotranspiration, the process of heat exchange between the water released by the plant and the air.

[0003] For many years, it has been common practice to green our cities by installing plants on rooftops and building facades. The use of green walls is also widespread. Furthermore, this type of green wall has an architectural impact, as it allows for the creation of green alignments that add texture and personalize a building. Specifically, it is possible to create one or more green lines surrounding the building, a vertical corridor that adds a sense of verticality and gives the building an impression of height, targeted greening only on balconies, or even a fully vegetated wall. Beyond aesthetics, plants also promote biodiversity, green corridors, and ecological connectivity.

[0004] Typically, these green walls are added to an existing load-bearing wall. However, adding cladding to an existing wall requires a technical assessment from a competent authority to confirm that the cladding will not impact the wall's structure. This constraint can be temporal, causing delays in the construction and therefore in the building's completion. It can also be financial, potentially leading to additional costs due to the technical assessment itself or modifications to the cladding following its approval.

[0005] Furthermore, existing solutions offer relatively small substrate volumes, thus limiting the size of plants that can be used. Due to the weight the structure can support, natural soils are excluded, and therefore, local plants adapted to local soils are also unsuitable. To replace natural soils, it is known to use technosols, which are soils characterized by their technical origin, being well-draining and lightweight, but the limited volume available restricts the range of usable plants.

[0006] The invention is therefore situated within this context and seeks to resolve all of the the aforementioned disadvantages. Thus, the invention seeks to offer a solution allowing the greening of a facade while ensuring both a diversification of the plants installed on the facade and ensuring that the structure does not undergo any modification to plant vegetation; this solution could allow for time and financial savings in construction management. Presentation of the invention.

[0007] The invention relates to a green wall module, comprising a prefabricated outer wall made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, the outer wall having an attachment portion and a receiving portion extending from a lower surface of the attachment portion to define a volume in which a plant growing substrate is arranged, the wall having a conduit opening into the volume on one side and outside the outer wall on the other.

[0008] The module's outer wall can accommodate the plants for the green wall. The volume formed by the attachment and receiving sections can hold the growing medium without weight limitations or density restrictions. The growing medium could, for example, be local soil excavated during the excavation. Alternatively, the growing medium could be a commercially available substrate. In one example, the growing medium could consist of a top layer of commercially available substrate and a bottom layer of local soil from the excavation, or a single layer composed of a mixture of a commercially available substrate and local soil from the excavation.Thus, the outer wall of the module can accommodate, for example, vigorous herbaceous plants, grasses, shrubs with restricted growth, or even climbing, trailing, or creeping plants, or a composition of several of these plants.

[0009] The outer wall incorporates a pipe for draining wastewater from watering plants inside the structure. This prevents water from stagnating within the structure or on the outer wall, thus avoiding dampness and weakening the module.

[0010] The green wall module can help promote local plant and / or animal biodiversity due to the diversity of plants it can accommodate.

[0011] The wall module can be a section of wall, the inner face of which can be made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, meaning that this wall can be load-bearing. The concrete can, for example, be a cement and gravel type concrete. It can also be a wood-concrete mix, such as a mortar containing water, ground wood, and a mineral binder, or even water, wood chips, and a mineral binder. Finally, the concrete can be a composite concrete. The fact that the module includes a concrete section allows it to be used as a load-bearing wall, thus enabling the direct greening of a facade during construction, while also providing walls that offer insulation and weatherproofing for the interior of the building. Furthermore, the wall incorporates a wastewater drainage system, and rainwater can also flow over the modules. in the volume and be evacuated through the pipe, thus preventing weakening of the wall.

[0012] Advantageously, the receiving portion forms an exterior surface of the module and the attachment portion forms an interior surface of the module.

[0013] The receiving area can be adapted to receive the contents of the volume, namely the substrate and / or local soil extracted during excavation. The receiving area can also be used to retain the substrate and vegetation within the module.

[0014] The attachment section allows the volume containing the substrate and vegetation to be attached to an interior wall. It is this attachment section that allows the volume to be integrated into the load-bearing wall.

[0015] The volume can be defined laterally by lateral portions of the outer wall, said lateral portions being able to be contiguous with the receiving and attachment portions. The volume can be open at the top.

[0016] Advantageously, the attachment portion and the receiving portion form a U-shaped profile.

[0017] In another embodiment, the attachment portion and the receiving portion form a V-shaped profile.

[0018] The attachment portion may be flat. The receiving portion may extend obliquely upwards from the lower end of the attachment portion. The receiving portion may be angled. The attachment portion and the receiving portion may form a volume with an open upper end and a closed lower end formed by the junction of the two portions. The junction of the two portions may form a lower surface of the module.

[0019] The volume is defined in the U-shaped profile. This profile can simplify manufacturing.

[0020] Advantageously, the exterior surface of the receiving portion has a plurality of niches.

[0021] The outer surface of the receiving portion may have niches. These niches may include grooves that are substantially longitudinal and extend across the entire width of the receiving portion.

[0022] Niches can allow small fauna, for example insects, to move and / or nest on the wall and thus promote biodiversity.

[0023] Advantageously, the conduit extends from an upper surface of the outer wall to a lower surface of the outer wall, said conduit having a branch opening into the volume.

[0024] The conduit may have a circular cross-section. Advantageously, the conduit may have a diameter between 15 mm and 35 mm, particularly between 20 mm and 30 mm. The conduit may have an upper end and a lower end. The conduit may pass through the outer wall from top to bottom. The conduit may be a molded pipe in the attachment portion. In another embodiment, the conduit may be a pipe formed by a tube mounted in the hook portion.

[0025] The conduit may include a connecting portion projecting from the lower surface of the module. The conduit may include an upper end with a flared end adapted to receive the connecting portion of a conduit projecting from a higher module.

[0026] The pipe may include a branch and has a first end which may be connected to the pipe extending into the outer wall so that the pipe and the branch are substantially perpendicular to each other.

[0027] The bypass may have a second end that can be connected to the volume so that it opens into the substrate. Advantageously, the bypass can open into a lower part of the volume, particularly into the drainage layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the module may include a second branch whose first end is connected to the conduit extending in the outer wall and whose second end extends in a direction opposite to the direction of extension of the receiving portion.

[0029] Advantageously, a drainage layer is arranged within the volume, under the growing substrate.

[0030] The drainage layer can form a lower layer of the substrate. This drainage layer can help regulate excess soil moisture and limit the development of hydrostatic pressure within the module.

[0031] The drainage layer may contain aggregate.

[0032] Advantageously, the module has an inner wall, separated from the outer wall by a layer of insulation.

[0033] The insulation may consist of glass wool or mineral wool. Alternatively or in combination, the insulation may contain wood chips or a material made from plant fibers. Alternatively or in combination, the insulation may contain a polymer, in particular high-density extruded polystyrene and / or polyurethane foam.

[0034] Alternatively, the layer of insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall can be replaced by an empty space.

[0035] In another embodiment, the outer wall can be alone without an inner wall or layer of insulation.

[0036] The inner wall extends laterally over a shorter length than the outer wall, so that, opposite the outer wall, a lateral space is provided at each end of said inner wall.

[0037] In this embodiment, the void between the inner and outer walls is intended to be filled with concrete. The concrete can be poured into the void directly on site.

[0038] Advantageously, the green wall module includes connecting bars adapted to fix the outer and inner walls to each other, said connecting bars passing through the insulating layer.

[0039] Connecting bars can be used to hold the outer wall and the inner wall together, as long as said walls are separated by an empty space, for example by being keyed.

[0040] The connecting bars can be used to hold the outer wall and the inner wall together in order to strengthen the module.

[0041] Advantageously, the outer wall and / or the inner wall includes a connecting pin extending from a lower surface of this wall and a recess formed in this wall extending from a higher surface of this wall.

[0042] The connecting pin may protrude from the lower surface of the upper module. The connecting pin may be designed to fit into a recess in another module arranged below the module containing said connecting pin.

[0043] The connecting pin allows for the easy assembly of two modules to form a set of modules. Using connecting pins makes it possible to assemble several modules aligned vertically together to build a wall.

[0044] The connecting pin of the upper module is adapted to be inserted into the recess of the lower module arranged below the upper module.

[0045] The connecting pin can be sized according to the forces exerted on the modules between them.

[0046] The recess designed to receive the connecting pin can be filled with non-shrink mortar, that is, mortar that allows the two superimposed modules to be sealed.

[0047] The lower surface in which the connecting pin is integrated and the upper surface in which the reservation extends are held together by means of mortar.

[0048] Advantageously, the module includes a flap positioned on the upper surfaces of the inner and outer walls.

[0049] A flashing strip can be used to protect the module from water infiltration. A single flashing strip can cover both the inner and outer walls. A flashing strip can also act as a seal between two modules. Flashing strips can be attached by gluing.

[0050] The bib can be made of an inert material forming a waterproof membrane, for example elastomer, in particular EPDM (ethylene, propylene, diene monomer).

[0051] Advantageously, the upper surface of the inner wall is vertically offset from the upper surface of the outer wall.

[0052] The upper surface of the inner wall is higher than the upper surface of the outer wall. Therefore, the drip edge may have a stepped shape.

[0053] The offset of the two upper surfaces can improve the interlocking and retention of two superimposed modules.

[0054] Advantageously, the lower surface of the inner wall is vertically offset from the lower surface of the outer wall.

[0055] The lower surface of the inner wall and the lower surface of the outer wall are offset in the same way as the upper surfaces.

[0056] The upper surface of the lower module is arranged to be complementary to the lower surface of the upper module.

[0057] Advantageously, the receiving portion includes a hole formed under the volume.

[0058] In this embodiment, the hole can be formed in the receiving portion, at the junction with the hooking portion.

[0059] In another embodiment, the drilling may be non-existent in the receiving portion.

[0060] In this embodiment, two modules can be stacked one on top of the other. The upper module may include a hole allowing connection between the lower surface of the upper module and a portion of the upper surface of the lower module. This hole can be filled with substrate. The hole may be longitudinal, opening onto a lower surface and aligned with the volume. Therefore, the hole can promote biodiversity between different volumes of substrate.

[0061] In an embodiment comprising a column of several modules, each of the modules, with the exception of the lowest module of the column, may include the hole formed under the volume.

[0062] Advantageously, the module includes an additional tube suitable for watering the substrate.

[0063] The additional tube can be positioned on the surface of the volume, for example, placed on the surface of the substrate. The additional tube can be a garden hose with multiple perforations or nozzles to allow water to flow into the substrate.

[0064] The side walls of the volume may include a recess adapted to support the additional tube.

[0065] The invention also relates to a green wall comprising a plurality of modules.

[0066] The wall can be a load-bearing wall of a building. In another embodiment, the wall can be a retaining wall adapted to hold back an embankment or slope.

[0067] The green wall can also be called a biophilic wall, meaning that it involves integrating nature into a built environment and designing a space that can connect the modern building to the environment and promote biodiversity.

[0068] In one embodiment, the wall may comprise a plurality of columns and / or a plurality of rows.

[0069] Advantageously, the modules of said plurality of modules are juxtaposed vertically and / or horizontally.

[0070] The green wall can consist of several modules arranged one above the other to form a column. When two modules are placed vertically side by side, the surface The lower surface of one module adjoins the upper surface of another module.

[0071] The green wall can consist of several modules arranged side by side to form a line. When two modules are placed horizontally, the lateral surface of one module's outer wall abuts the lateral surface of an outer wall of an adjacent module. The lateral walls of the outer wall can be positioned opposite each other to define a decompression groove containing a seal.

[0072] Advantageously, the wall includes a beam and at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the beam.

[0073] The beam can be a stringer, that is to say a structural element arranged horizontally and can serve as a foundation or reinforcement.

[0074] In one embodiment, the stringer may include a recess formed in its upper surface. This recess in the stringer may accommodate a connecting pin projecting from the lower surface of the lower wall module. A joint may be provided at the junction of the stringer and the lower surface of the module. The joint may be a water and / or airtight seal. The joint may be adapted for use as a facade joint.

[0075] The stringer may include a layer of insulation arranged to be positioned under the insulation layer of the module.

[0076] Advantageously, the wall includes a slab extending perpendicularly to the modules and at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the slab.

[0077] In one embodiment, at least one of the modules can be mounted directly on the slab. In another embodiment, at least one of the modules can be mounted on the slab via the stringer.

[0078] In one embodiment, the slab can be poured below the ground surface, the stringer passing through the ground surface so as to make the connection between said slab and said stringer.

[0079] Advantageously, said module is connected to the slab via a support bar supported by a post arranged in a space provided between the inner walls of said module and another module of said plurality of modules adjacent to said module.

[0080] The slab can be positioned directly above the post, perpendicular to the multiple modules. The support bar can have one arm embedded in the inner wall of the module and a second arm embedded in the slab; the arms can form an angle with each other around the post. The support bar can have an L-shaped profile.

[0081] Alternatively, the support bar can be perpendicular to the modules and taken from the inner wall of said module supported by the slab and inserted into one or more recesses in the slab.

[0082] The slab may have a recess into which the connecting pin of the upper module can be inserted.

[0083] Concrete can be poured into the space provided between two successive interior walls.

[0084] Advantageously, each module is fixed to the slab with a pin from the outer wall of the module extending into a recess in the slab and / or a retaining bar from the slab extending into a recess in the outer wall of the module; a guardrail may be mounted on the upper surface of the outer wall.

[0085] The guardrail can be made of steel or glass. The guardrail can be mounted on the upper surface of the module's attachment point.

[0086] The guardrail can be mounted on the module by sealing, in particular with mortar or by screwing.

[0087] Advantageously, at least two modules are horizontally juxtaposed so as to accommodate a post in the lateral spaces provided at the ends of the inner walls of these modules and facing each other, with support bars supported by this post being taken into these inner walls.

[0088] The two horizontally juxtaposed modules are arranged in a straight line. In another embodiment, the two horizontally juxtaposed modules form an angle.

[0089] The inner wall has a lateral recess into which a reinforcing post can be installed. The post may have U-shaped connecting bars. The connecting bars may be arranged so that two ends of the U point towards the inner wall. The ends of the connecting bar may be embedded in the inner wall.

[0090] Each inner wall can have a roughened strip at the junction with the post. The roughened strip can improve the adhesion between the inner wall and the post, thus better securing two adjacent modules together.

[0091] When two modules are placed horizontally side by side, their outer walls define a groove. This groove can be a decompression groove. The groove may include a seal, typically made of elastomer or neoprene, and a backer rod to seal the joint.

[0092] In the embodiment where two modules are juxtaposed vertically, i.e. superimposed so that the connecting pin of the upper module fits into the recess of the lower module.

[0093] In one embodiment, the wall includes a cable, for example made of stainless steel, or a trellis, connecting two adjacent modules, particularly those placed vertically or horizontally. This cable or trellis allows a plant to grow from one module to the other.

[0094] The invention also relates to a balcony comprising a plurality of modules, the modules being juxtaposed horizontally.

[0095] In one embodiment, the module can form the wall of a balcony. Thus, in this embodiment, the attachment portion and the outer wall can be combined, and the module can form a single wall of the balcony. In this embodiment, the module can be mounted on a slab projecting from the facade and forming the surface of the balcony.

[0096] The module can be fixed to said balcony by the connecting bar protruding from the lower surface of said module, said connecting bar being arranged to be inserted into said balcony.

[0097] The module may include a connecting bar having an L-shape and two ends. The connecting bar may be arranged so that one end is fixed to the balcony and the other end is fixed to the attachment portion at the level of the connecting bar.

[0098] In this embodiment, a guardrail can be mounted on the upper surface of said module and in particular on the upper surface of said attachment portion.

[0099] In one embodiment of the balcony, the slab forming the surface of said balcony can be aligned with said modules so that said slab can separate two superimposed modules.

[0100] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a module according to the invention in which the module is made by molding reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in a mold.

[0101] The niches can be created by printing during the molding of the outer wall. Alternatively, the niches can be created by applying a silicone matrix mounted within the mold.

[0102] The invention also relates to a mold adapted for use in the manufacturing process of a module according to the invention. Brief description of the figures.

[0103] Other advantages and features of the present invention are now described by means of purely illustrative and in no way limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the accompanying drawings, in which the various figures represent:

[0104] [Fig. 1] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a module according to one embodiment.

[0105] [Fig. 2] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to an embodiment.

[0106] [Fig. 3] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to several embodiments.

[0107] [Fig. 4] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to an embodiment, said wall being represented at the junction of two floors, in a non-seismic configuration.

[0108] [Fig. 5] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules according to several embodiments, said wall being represented at the junction of two floors, in a seismic configuration.

[0109] [Fig. 6] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a projecting balcony comprising a module according to an embodiment.

[0110] [Fig. 7] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a terrace aligned with a wall comprising a plurality of modules according to an embodiment.

[0111] [Fig. 8] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a wall comprising joinery integrated into a plurality of modules according to an embodiment.

[0112] [Fig. 9] schematically represents a cross-sectional view along a transverse axis of a retaining wall comprising a plurality of modules according to an embodiment.

[0113] [Fig. 10] schematically represents a top view in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of a joinery integrated between two modules according to an embodiment.

[0114] [Fig. 11] schematically represents a top view in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally on a line, according to an embodiment.

[0115] [Fig. 12] schematically represents a top view in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an external angle, according to an embodiment.

[0116] [Fig. 13] schematically represents a top view in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an internal angle, according to one embodiment.

[0117] [Fig. 14] schematically represents a top view in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an external angle greater than 90°, according to an embodiment.

[0118] In the description that follows, identical elements, by structure or by function, appearing on different figures retain, unless otherwise specified, the same references. Description of the implementation methods.

[0119] A module 1 according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in [Fig. 1]. [Fig. 2] to [Fig. 14] describe a plurality of embodiments of walls and balconies comprising one or more modules 1 as described in [Fig. 1].

[0120] The module described in [Fig. 1] comprises an outer wall 10 and an inner wall 11. Each of the outer wall 10 and inner wall 11 comprises an upper surface 10a, lia and a lower surface 10b, 11b. The outer wall 10 is prefabricated in reinforced concrete.

[0121] The outer wall 10 comprises a hook portion 101 and a receiving portion 100. The hook portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 each comprise an upper surface 101a, 100a and a lower surface 101b, 100b. The lower surface 100a of the receiving portion 100 is continuous with the lower surface 101a of the hook portion 101. The receiving portion 100 extends from the lower end 101b of the hook portion 101. The receiving portion 100 has an angle. The receiving portion 100 extends obliquely upwards from the end lower 101a of the attachment portion 101. The receiving portion 100 comprises a plurality of niches extending longitudinally over the entire length of said receiving portion 100, said niches being made by the use of a matrix.

[0122] The attachment portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 form a U-shaped profile defining a volume 102. Volume 102 is defined laterally by lateral portions of the outer wall 10, these lateral portions being able to be joined to the receiving portion 100 and the attachment portion 101. A plant growing substrate 102a is arranged within volume 102. In the described embodiment, volume 102 comprises an upper layer of substrate and a lower layer of local soil from the excavation. The volume 102 has an open upper end 102a. The upper end 102a has an additional tube 104 arranged on the surface of the volume 102; this additional tube 104 is a watering hose placed on the substrate 102.1 for watering. The lateral portions of the volume 102 have a recess adapted to support the additional tube 104. The volume 102 has a lower end 102b formed by the junction between the receiving portion 100 and the attachment portion 101. The lower end 102b of the volume 102 has a hole 102.3 formed in the receiving wall 100. When two modules 1 are stacked, the hole 102.3 opens on one side at the lower end 102b of the volume 102 and on the other side at the substrate 102.1 of the volume 102 of an adjacent lower module 1. The borehole 102.3 is filled with substrate 102.1. Substrate 102.1 comes primarily from the local soil extracted during excavation. A drainage layer 102.2 is arranged in volume 102, under the substrate. 102.1 of culture. Thus, the drainage layer 102.2 forms a lower layer of the substrate 102.1. The outer wall 10 is adapted to receive the plants in the volume 102. The plants that the volume 102 can receive are for example herbaceous plants with strong growth, grasses, shrubs with restricted growth or climbing plants.

[0123] The outer wall 10 includes a conduit 103 extending from the upper surface 10 of the outer wall 10 to the lower surface 10b of the outer wall. The conduit 103 has a circular cross-section. The conduit 103 has an upper end 103a and a lower end 103b, the upper end 103a having a diameter greater than that of the rest of the conduit and, in particular, greater than that of the lower end 103b. The lower end 103b of the conduit 103 is a connecting portion that projects from the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10.

[0124] The outer wall 10 has a branch 103.1 adapted for draining water contained in the substrate 102.1. The branch 103.1 has a first end connected to the pipe 103 extending into the outer wall 10 so that the pipe 103 and derivation 103.1 are substantially perpendicular to each other. The derivation 103.1 has a second end which is connected to volume 102 so as to open into substrate 102.1. Branch 103.1 can open at the level of the lower end 102b of volume 102 and in particular at the level of the drainage layer 102.2.

[0125] The inner wall 11 of module 1 is a load-bearing wall. The inner wall 11 is made of reinforced concrete. The inner wall 11 has a connecting pin 110 extending from its lower surface 11b. The connecting pin 110 projects from the lower surface 11b. The inner wall 11 has a recess 111 extending from its upper surface 1a. The recess 111 is designed to receive the connecting pin 110 from another module arranged on the module. Sealing mortar is inserted into the recess 111 when the connecting pin 110 is inserted.

[0126] The inner wall 11 is separated from the outer wall 10 by a layer of insulation 12. The layer of insulation 12 consists of wood chips.

[0127] The upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10 is vertically offset relative to the upper surface lia of the inner wall 11. The upper surface lia of the inner wall 11 is higher than the upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10. Similarly, the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10 is vertically offset relative to the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11. The lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 is higher than the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10.

[0128] Module 1 includes a flap 15 positioned on the upper surfaces 10a, lia of the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11. The flap 15 has a stepped shape so as to form a watertight membrane.

[0129] Figure 2 describes a portion of a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1. In the embodiment described in Figure 2, the wall comprises two modules 1a, 1b superimposed one above the other. The upper module 1a is mounted on the lower module 1b such that the lower end 103b of the conduit of module 1a is inserted into the upper end 103a of module 1b. The upper module 1a is mounted on the lower module 1b such that the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the upper module 1a is inserted into the recess 11 of the inner wall 11 of the lower module 11b.

[0130] The wall of modules Ia, lb includes a stringer 2 such that said stringer is arranged under the inner wall 11 of the lower module lb. Stringer 2 includes insulation arranged under the insulation layer 12 of module lb. Stringer 2 has a recess 111 formed in its upper surface. The recess 111 of stringer 2 is arranged to accommodate the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 11b of the lower module lb. A sealing gasket 16 is positioned at the junction between stringer 2 and the lower surface of the lower module lb.

[0131] The wall of modules la, lb includes a slab extending perpendicularly to the modules. The wall of modules la, lb is mounted on slab 3 via stringer 2.

[0132] Figure 3 depicts a section of wall comprising a plurality of modules 1. In the mode As described in [Fig. 3], the wall comprises a wall section la and a module lb superimposed one on top of the other. In the wall section la, the outer wall 10 consists only of the attachment portion, the outer surface of which has niches lOO.l adapted for the movement of small fauna, for example insects, or for their nesting.

[0133] The modulus lb is essentially identical to that described in [Fig. 1],

[0134] The inner wall 11 of the wall portion la is substantially identical to that of the module lb. Thus, the wall portion la is mounted on the module lb so that the connecting pin 110 protruding from the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the portion of wall is inserted into the reservation 11 of the inner wall 11 of module 11b.

[0135] The wall is mounted on a slab 3 by a stringer, said slab 3 and said stringer 2 being as described in [Fig. 2],

[0136] Figure 4 depicts a section of wall comprising a plurality of modules la, lb, le substantially identical to module 1 described in Figure 1. The wall is shown at the junction of two stories, in a non-seismic configuration, i.e., for a structure not designed to withstand seismic activity. In this embodiment, a slab 3 is poured at the level of an intermediate module lb. The slab 3 is fixed to the intermediate module lb by a support bar 14. The support bar 14 has a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the inner wall 11 of the module lb and the two arms being mounted in the slab 3. The rounded part of the support bar 14 is arranged at the level of the recess 111 adapted to receive the connecting pin 110. The support bar 14 is thus adapted to reinforce the junction between the slab 3 forming a floor of one story and the load-bearing wall comprising the plurality of modules la, lb, le.

[0137] Figure 5 depicts a section of wall comprising a plurality of modules la, lb, and a portion of wall le. Modules la and lb are substantially identical to module 1 described in Figure 1, and the portion of wall le is substantially identical to the portion of wall la described in Figure 3. The wall is shown at the junction of two stories, in a seismic configuration, i.e., for a structure designed to withstand seismic shocks. As in the embodiment of Figure 4, slab 3 is cast at the level of an intermediate module lb. Slab 3 is fixed to the intermediate module lb by a retaining bar 14. In this embodiment, an upper portion of the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module lb is replaced by a portion of slab 3, so that the end of said slab 3 is inserted between the inner wall 11 of the upper module la and the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module lb.In this embodiment, the connecting pin 11 passes through the slab 3 such that a portion of the connecting pin 11 is in the upper module, a portion of the connecting pin 11 is in the slab 3 and one end of the connecting pin 11 is in the reservation. 111 of the intermediate module lb. A beam P is arranged in the space provided between the two successive interior walls 11, that is to say, arranged at the end of slab 3. The support bar 14 is arranged to form an L with a substantially right angle and two arms. The support bar 14 is arranged so that the angle rests on the column P, one of the arms is in slab 3 and the other arm is in the interior wall 11 of the intermediate module lb. The support bar 14 is thus adapted to reinforce the junction between slab 3, forming a floor of one story, and the load-bearing wall comprising the plurality of modules la, lb and the portion of wall le.

[0138] Figure 6 depicts a projecting balcony 4 from the modular wall. The projecting end of the balcony 4 comprises a module la consisting solely of an outer wall 10. This module la is non-load-bearing. The portion of wall lb on which the balcony 4 rests is substantially identical to the portion of wall la described in Figure 3. The portion of wall lb is a load-bearing wall. The module la, defining a wall of the balcony 4, has a guardrail G on the upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10, and more specifically on the upper surface 101a of the anchoring portion 101. The guardrail G is made of steel and is mortar-sealed to the module la. The module la includes a conduit 103 passing through a portion of the anchoring portion 101. The conduit 103 in this embodiment has two ends, each end having a branch 103.1, 103.2. The first end containing the derivation 103.1 opens at the level of the drainage layer 102.2 of volume 102.The second end containing the branch 103.2 opens at the level of a lower portion of the retaining wall 101, near the slab forming the balcony 4. Thus, the conduit 103 has an S-shaped profile.

[0139] The slab forming the surface of balcony 4 projects from module lb. Slab 4 has a post P embedded within it. Post P is mounted above the inner wall of module lb. Slab 4 has a first support bar running its length to below module la. The first support bar 14 is integrated into slab 4 so as to pass through post P. Slab 4 has a second support bar 14' arranged to form an L-shape with a substantially right angle and two arms. The second support bar 14' is arranged so that the angle is positioned below module la, with one arm in slab 4 and the other arm in the attachment portion of module la.

[0140] In this embodiment, a joinery M is mounted on the slab forming the balcony 4. The joinery M is arranged above the module lb and joined on the slab 4.

[0141] Figure 7 depicts a balcony aligned with a wall comprising a plurality of modules la, lb. In this embodiment, the wall has a lower module lb upon which rests a slab 3 forming the surface of the terrace. The slab 3 rests on the inner wall 11 and on the anchoring portion 101 of the lower module lb. An upper module la is mounted on the slab 3 offset from the lower module lb, i.e., the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10 is above a portion of the insulation layer 12 and above the anchoring portion 101 of the lower module lb. Thus, the slab 5 separates the upper surface 101a, lia from the anchor portion 101 and the inner wall 11 of the lower module lb and the lower surface 10b from the outer wall 10 of the upper module la. The module la includes a pipe 103 passing through a portion of the anchor portion 101. The pipe 103 of this embodiment has two ends. The first end includes the branch 103.1 opening at the level of the drainage layer 102.2 of the volume 102. The pipe 103 is oblique to the anchor portion 101a so that the second lower end 103b is aligned with the upper end 103a of the pipe 103 of the lower module lb. The second end 103.2 of the pipe 103 of the upper module and the upper end 103a of the pipe 103 of the lower module are separated by another pipe 103' mounted in the slab 3.

[0142] Slab 3 includes a post P housed within it. Post P is mounted between the upper module la and the lower module lb. Slab 3 includes a first support bar running its length to below module la. The first support bar 14 is integrated into slab 3 so as to pass through post P. Slab 3 includes a support bar 14 arranged to form an L-shape with a substantially right angle and two arms. Support bar 14 is arranged so that the angle passes through post P, with one arm in slab 3 and the other arm in the attachment portion of the upper module la. The connecting pin 110 of the upper module la is arranged to be inserted into slab 3.Therefore, the upper module is fixed to the slab 3 by the connecting pin 110 protruding from the lower surface 101b of the attachment portion 101, said connecting pin 110 being arranged to be inserted into said balcony 4.

[0143] The slab 3 has a top surface on which an insulating layer 12 is mounted, and on which is mounted a terrace T, for example a wooden deck on stilts. An insulation joint I is mounted on the insulating layer 12, said joint being adapted to provide insulation between the insulating layer 12 and the upper module la.

[0144] Figure 8 describes a window or door system integrated into a wall comprising a plurality of modules. The wall has an upper module (la), an intermediate module (lb), and a lower module (le). The configuration of the upper module (la) and the configuration of the intermediate (lb) and lower modules (le) correspond to the description in Figure 5.

[0145] The lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the upper module la and the upper surface lia of the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module lb each have a frame with additional insulation onto which the window / door frame M is mounted. This embodiment is notably an enclosed room with a window / door frame or a loggia.

[0146] Figure 9 describes a retaining wall for a slope or embankment R comprising a plurality of modules. In this embodiment, the wall comprises an upper module la, two intermediate modules lb and le, and a lower module ld. The modules la, lb, le Modules 1 and 1d have an outer wall 10 and an inner wall 11 substantially identical to those described in [Fig. 1]. The upper surface of the upper module 1a is covered by a wall top. The wall of modules 1a, 1b, 1e, 1d is mounted on a slab 3 extending perpendicularly to the modules.

[0147] In this embodiment, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 are separated by a gap 13. For each module, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 are held together by means of connecting bars 17, said connecting bars 17 being adapted to span the gap 13. The connecting bars 17 are keyed. The gap 13 includes a first retaining bar 14 adapted to span the gap 13 from the top of the wall 18 to the slab 3. The gap 13 includes a second retaining bar 14' arranged to form a loop having two ends. The second support bar 14' is arranged so that the loop and one end are in the slab 3 and the other end is in the void 13 up to the top of the wall 18. The first support bar 14 and the other end of the second support bar 14' are substantially parallel in the void 13.The empty space 13 is filled with concrete so that the first retaining bar 14 and the other end of the second retaining bar 14' are caught in the concrete.

[0148] Figure 10 depicts a door / window unit M integrated into a wall of modules. The door / window unit M is a door. The door / window unit M is mounted between two adjacent modules 1. Each module 1 comprises an outer wall 10 having a receiving portion 100 and a hook portion 101 forming a volume 102. Each module 1 comprises an inner wall 11, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 being separated by a layer of insulation 12. The inner wall 11 has a retaining bar 14 having a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted at the end of the inner wall 11 located near the window / door frame M. The two ends of the U extend into the inner wall 11 in a direction opposite to the window / door frame M. The window / door frame has a C-shaped vertical mullion mounted so as to enclose the inner wall 11 and the layer of insulation 12, the window / door frame M being mounted on the vertical mullion.A sealing gasket is fitted at the junction between the M joinery and the vertical upright.

[0149] Figure 11 describes a wall comprising a plurality of horizontally adjacent modules 1. The modules 1 in this embodiment include an outer wall 10 and an insulation layer 12 as described in Figure 1. Two horizontally juxtaposed modules 1 define a decompression groove. The decompression groove includes an expansion joint ensuring the connection between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint is located at the junction between two anchor portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0150] Modules 1 comprise an inner wall 11 with a lateral recess at each end. At the lateral recess, the inner wall 11 includes a rough strip. Two lateral recesses in two adjacent walls form a cavity in which a post P is mounted, i.e., a post P is mounted at the junction between two interior walls 11. Each interior wall 11 has at each of its ends a retaining bar 14 having a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the retaining bars 14 extending towards the other retaining bar 14 mounted at the other end of said interior wall 11. Thus, each post P has the U of two retaining bars 14 of two adjacent interior walls 11.

[0151] Figure 12 describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules arranged horizontally to form an outside angle.

[0152] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11, and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the receiving portion 100 is longer than the attachment portion 101, which is itself longer than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 placed side by side to form an external angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove includes an expansion joint 16 ensuring the connection between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is located at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0153] The inner wall 11 has a lateral recess at each end. At the level of the lateral recess, the inner wall 11 has a roughened strip. Two lateral recesses of two adjacent walls form an L-shaped cavity in which two posts P are mounted at a right angle, at the junction between two inner walls 11. Each inner wall 11 has a support bar 14 with a U-shaped profile at each end, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the support bars 14 extending in a direction opposite to that of the angle.

[0154] Figure 13 describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules arranged horizontally to form an interior angle.

[0155] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11, and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the receiving portion 100 is shorter than the attachment portion 101, which is itself shorter than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 placed side by side to form an internal angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove includes an expansion joint 16 ensuring the connection between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is located at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0156] The inner wall 11 is substantially identical to that described in [Fig. 12],

[0157] The [Fig. 14] describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1 arranged horizontally to form an angle greater than 90°.

[0158] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11, and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the portion of The receiving section 100 is longer than the attachment portion 101, which is itself longer than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 placed side by side to form an external angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove includes an expansion joint 16 ensuring the connection between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is located at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0159] The inner wall 11 has a lateral recess at each end. At the level of the lateral recess, the inner wall 11 has a roughened strip. Two lateral recesses of two adjacent walls form a V-shaped cavity in which two posts P are mounted, forming a substantially identical angle, at the junction between two inner walls 11. Each inner wall 11 has a U-shaped support bar 14 at each end, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the support bars 14 extending in a direction opposite to that of the angle.

[0160] The preceding description clearly explains how the invention achieves its objectives, namely to offer a solution for greening a facade while ensuring both diversification of the plants installed on the facade and ensuring that the structure does not undergo any modification to install vegetation, and saving time and money in construction management, by offering a green wall module, comprising a prefabricated composite outer wall, the outer wall having an attachment portion and a receiving portion to define a volume in which a plant cultivation substrate is arranged, the module also having an inner wall similar to a load-bearing building wall.

[0161] In any event, the invention cannot be limited to the embodiments specifically described in this document, and extends in particular to all equivalent means and to any technically operative combination of these means.In particular, it may be envisaged that: the outer wall 10 is prefabricated in prestressed concrete; the attachment portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 form a V-profile; the lower end 102b of the volume 102 can be closed; the insulation layer 12 comprises glass wool or mineral wool and / or a material made of plant fibers and / or a high-density extruded polymer and / or polyurethane foam; the module 1 includes connecting bars adapted to fix the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 to each other by passing through the insulation layer 12; the guardrail G is a glass wall or a tubular structure associated with cables; the wall includes a cable or a mesh connecting two adjacent modules 1 vertically or horizontally.

Claims

Demands

1. Module (1) of a green wall, comprising an outer wall (10) prefabricated in reinforced or prestressed concrete, the outer wall (10) comprising an attachment portion (11) and a receiving portion (100) extending from a lower surface (101a) of the attachment portion (101) to define a volume (102) in which a plant growing substrate (102.1) is arranged, the wall (10, 11) comprising a conduit (103) opening into the volume (102) on one side and outside the outer wall (10) on the other.

2. Module (1) of a green wall according to the preceding claim, wherein the outer surface of the receiving portion (100) comprises a plurality of niches (100.1).

3. Module (1) of a green wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conduit (103) extends from an upper surface (10a) of the outer wall (10) to a lower surface (10b) of the outer wall (10), said conduit (103) having a branch (103.1) opening into the volume (102).

4. Module (1) of a green wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the module (1) comprises an inner wall (11), separated from the outer wall (10) by a layer of insulation (12).

5. Module (1) of green wall according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises connecting bars (17) adapted to fix the outer wall (10) and the inner wall (11) to each other, said connecting bars (17) passing through the insulating layer (12).

6. Module (1) of a green wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer wall (10) and / or the inner wall (11) comprises a connecting pin (110) extending from a lower surface (10b, 11b) of this wall (10, 11) and a recess (111) formed in this wall (10, 11) extending from an upper surface (10a, 11a) of this wall (10, 11).

7. Module (1) of a green wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper surface (1a) of the inner wall (11) is vertically offset from the upper surface (10a) of the outer wall (10) and / or the lower surface (11b) of the inner wall (11) is vertically offset from the lower surface (10b) of the outer wall (10).

8. Module (1) of a green wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving portion (100) has a hole (102.3) formed under the volume (102).

9. Green wall comprising a plurality of modules (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

10. Green wall according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a beam (2) and in that at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the beam (2).

11. Green wall according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises a slab (3) extending perpendicularly to the modules (1) and in that at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the slab.

12. A green wall according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein at least two modules (1) are horizontally juxtaposed so as to accommodate a post in the lateral spaces provided at the ends of the inner walls of these modules and facing each other, support bars supported by this post being taken into these inner walls.

13. Balcony comprising a plurality of modules (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the modules being horizontally juxtaposed.

14. Method of manufacturing a module (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the module is made by molding reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in a mold.

15. Mold adapted for use in the manufacturing process according to claim 14 of a module (1).

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