Sensor for detecting a fluid stream in a fluid line

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor for detecting a fluid stream in a fluid line, wherein the sensor comprises a movable component that can be moved into a switching position by a fluid stream flowing through the sensor, in which position an electrical circuit is closed. The invention also relates to a system and to a method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system having a fluid line, using a sensor of this type.

Description

[0001] Sensor for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line

[0002] The present invention relates to a sensor for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system and a method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the sensor or system according to the invention.

[0003] Motor vehicles usually have one or more distribution systems for fluids, by means of which fluids such as cleaning fluids or compressed air are distributed to several distribution points, for example cleaning points, of a motor vehicle. Examples of such fluid distribution systems, in particular fluid-based cleaning systems, include cleaning systems for the windshield of the motor vehicle or for sensors, such as cameras or LIDAR sensors, which are installed in the motor vehicles for driver assistance. The number of such cleaning points in a motor vehicle to which fluids must be distributed will increase significantly in the future, particularly in the field of autonomous driving, since a large number of sensors are used here, the functionality of which must be ensured through sufficient cleaning.Furthermore, fluid distribution systems are becoming increasingly relevant for cooling batteries, particularly traction batteries, in electrically powered motor vehicles, as well as for motor vehicle braking systems. In fluid distribution systems known from the prior art, the fluid to be distributed is usually distributed to the individual desired points of the motor vehicle via a distributor, such as a valve block, wherein the distributor is arranged downstream of a pump, for example. It is also known to monitor the function of said pump in order to obtain feedback, for example, as to whether a cleaning process is being carried out at a given time.

[0004] The present invention is based on the object of enabling improved monitoring and / or control of a fluid distribution system, in particular a fluid distribution system which is arranged in a motor vehicle.

[0005] The object underlying the present invention is achieved by a sensor having the features of claim 1, a system according to claim 9, and a method according to claim 13. Further preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0006] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a sensor for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line, wherein the sensor has a housing with at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet, and wherein the fluid inlet and fluid outlet are fluidly connected to one another by at least one fluid channel. The sensor also has a movable component which is at least partially arranged in the fluid channel and which can be moved from a first position into a second position by a fluid flow flowing through the fluid channel. The first position and / or the second position is also a switching position in which an electrical circuit is closed. Accordingly, in the first and preferred position, an electrical circuit can be open and is closed when the movable component moves into the second position.Or in the first position an electrical circuit can be closed which is opened when the movable component moves into the second position. Or in the first position an electrical circuit can be closed which is initially opened and then closed again when the movable component moves into the second position. Or in the first position an electrical circuit can be closed which is opened when the movable component moves into the second position, whereby a further electrical circuit is closed. Depending on the wiring and in particular in combination with a computing unit described further below, the sensor according to the invention can generate a sensor signal based on an open or closed electrical circuit. This makes it possible to conclude whether or not a fluid flow is flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor.In the remainder of this application, solely for the sake of simplicity and without excluding further possible combinations, reference is made to the case in which an electrical circuit is open in the first position of the sensor and is closed when the movable component is moved into the second position by the fluid flow.

[0007] The fluid of the fluid stream can be any desired fluid, in particular a fluid which is used to operate a motor vehicle. Exemplary and preferred fluids according to the invention are operating fluids, such as SCR fluid or fuels, cleaning fluids, cooling fluids (coolants), and / or hydraulic fluids. The cleaning fluids can be cleaning fluids such as windshield washer fluid and / or cleaning fluids for cleaning vehicle sensors. The cleaning fluids can also be gaseous fluids, in particular air and / or compressed air. The coolants can be cooling fluids, in particular cooling fluids for cooling traction batteries, for example. The hydraulic fluids can be brake fluid, for example.

[0008] The fluid flow may have a flow direction. The flow direction may, in particular, run from a fluid conveying device, for example, a pump or a compressor, for example in conjunction with an air reservoir, to at least one distribution point. The fluid flow is fluid that is in motion.

[0009] The fluid line can be the fluid line of a motor vehicle. The fluid line can be intended for use in a pressure range of > - 0.5 and < 10 bar, preferably > - 0.5 and < 6 bar. Conversely, the fluid line can be characterized in that it is unsuitable for use at a pressure above 10 bar and / or would be damaged. The fluid line can be made of a plastic, in particular the fluid line can be a plastic hose. The fluid line can be selected from the group consisting of brake fluid line, cleaning fluid line, coolant fluid line, compressed air line, operating fluid line and fuel line.

[0010] The housing of the sensor according to the invention has a wall and encloses an interior space, which can also be referred to as the volume of the housing. The wall of the housing has a side facing the interior space, which can be referred to as the inside. The wall of the housing also has a side facing away from the interior space, which can be referred to as the outside or as facing the environment. The wall of the housing is pierced by the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively. In other words, the fluid inlet and fluid outlet represent openings in the wall of the sensor housing.

[0011] The fluid inlet and fluid outlet of the sensor according to the invention are fluidically connected to one another by at least one fluid channel. The fluid inlet and / or fluid outlet can be configured to be connected to a fluid line. The fluid inlet and / or fluid outlet can be connected to a fluid line.

[0012] A fluid which flows from the fluid inlet via the at least one fluid channel to the fluid outlet of the sensor according to the invention can be referred to as a fluid flow with a flow direction from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet and / or as a fluid flow with a flow direction along the fluid channel through which it flows.

[0013] The movable component of the sensor according to the invention is at least partially arranged in the fluid channel. It can also be arranged partially or completely within the housing of the sensor. The movable component can be guided at least partially or completely during the transition from the first position to the second position. Such guidance can preferably be achieved through the housing wall, in particular the inside thereof. Alternatively or additionally, guidance can also be provided through a region of the movable component, for example when a region of the movable component engages in a recess in the housing wall of the sensor. More preferably, the contact surface for closing the electrical circuit can be arranged on this region of the movable component serving as a guide.Also preferably, the region of the movable component serving as a guide can already engage in the recess in the position in which the electrical circuit is open. The contact surface of the movable component can be arranged outside the recess.

[0014] Because the movable component is at least partially arranged in the fluid channel, it can be contacted and actuated by the fluid flow flowing through the fluid channel in a direction along the fluid channel. The movable component can be moved from a first position to a second position.

[0015] The first position and / or the second position into which the movable component can be moved by a fluid stream flowing through the fluid channel corresponds to a switching position of the sensor and / or the movable component in which an electrical circuit is closed. In other words, the sensor according to the invention can also be referred to as a switch which can be actuated by a fluid stream flowing through the fluid channel. In particular, this can be a single-pole single-throw switch in which the electrical connection between can be either open or closed ("on-off switch"). However, it can also be a single-pole double-throw switch ("on-on switch") in which an electrical circuit is closed in each switching position. The opening and / or closing of the electrical circuit can furthermore be suitable for generating a sensor signal.It can generate a sensor signal. When the electrical circuit is closed, a galvanic connection is preferably established. When the electrical circuit is opened, a galvanic connection is preferably broken.

[0016] Preferably, in the first position of the movable component, the electrical circuit can be open, while in the second position of the movable component, the electrical circuit is closed. Further preferably, in the first and second positions of the movable component, an electrical circuit can be closed, wherein the electrical circuit can be a single circuit or two separate circuits. Likewise preferably, in the first position of the movable component, the electrical circuit can be closed, while in the second position of the movable component, the electrical circuit is open.

[0017] The positions of the movable component, i.e. the first position and / or the second position, can be end positions of the movable component. An end position of the movable component can be reached by the movable component contacting a stop in the end position. The stop can preferably be formed by the housing of the sensor, in particular the wall of the housing of the sensor, in particular the surface of the housing of the sensor facing the interior. The stop, in particular the stop in the open and / or first position of the movable component, can be the valve seat of a fluid valve.

[0018] The movable component can be connected to the sensor housing at least at one point, directly or indirectly. Such a connection of the movable component to the sensor housing means that the component is connected directly or indirectly to the sensor housing in its first position, in its second position and during the transition from the first to the second position. Such a connection of the movable component to the sensor housing can also be referred to as an irreversible connection. Wherever a connection of the movable component to the housing is discussed below, both an indirect and a direct connection thereof is always to be disclosed.

[0019] In contrast, the movable component can alternatively not be connected directly or indirectly to the sensor housing. In this case, the movable component can at least temporarily have no contact with the sensor housing, particularly during the transition from the first position to the second position. This does not preclude the movable component from making direct or indirect contact with the sensor housing in the first position and / or in the second position. Such a connection between the movable component and the sensor housing can also be referred to as a reversible connection.

[0020] In particular, the movable component can be irreversibly connected to the wall and / or the inside of the wall of the housing. This is particularly advantageous if the movable component can be moved from the first position to the second position by rotation. Particularly preferably, the movable component can be connected to the housing of the sensor via an axis and can be moved about this axis from the first position to the second position. Preferably, the axis can be arranged in the interior of the housing. Further preferably, the axis can be connected to the wall of the housing and / or the inside of the wall of the housing.

[0021] The movable component can also be irreversibly connected to the housing, preferably the housing wall, via a spring. As explained further below, the movable component can be connected, in particular, to the inside of the housing wall by means of the spring. If the movable component is connected to the housing via a spring, the spring can be either preloaded or unpreloaded in the position of the sensor in which an electrical circuit is closed.

[0022] In the event that the movable component is not connected directly or indirectly to the sensor housing, i.e. a reversible connection is present, the movable component is advantageously guided at least during the transition from its first position to its second position. Such guidance of the movable component can preferably take place via the housing wall or a guide connected to the housing wall. As explained further below, particularly preferred examples of reversibly connected movable components are translationally movable valve bodies and / or spherical valve bodies.

[0023] As described above, the movable component can be moved translationally and / or rotationally by the fluid flow. Movable components that can be moved translationally can furthermore preferably be guided and / or reversibly connected to the housing of the sensor. During the translational movement of the movable component, the latter can be lifted by the fluid flow. In other words, the translational movement of the movable component can also be referred to as lifting the movable component. Movable components that can be moved rotationally can furthermore preferably be irreversibly connected to the housing of the sensor via an axis, wherein the axis can be arranged in particular in the interior of the housing. The translational movement of the movable component can preferably take place in a direction of movement that is arranged substantially at a right angle to the direction of flow of the fluid through the flow channel.In the case of a rotationally movable component, the axis can preferably be arranged substantially at a right angle to the flow direction of the fluid through the flow channel. The sensor according to the invention can be designed as a fluid valve, wherein the movable part of the sensor according to the invention can be a shut-off body of the fluid valve. The housing of the sensor according to the invention can correspond to the valve housing of the fluid valve. The shut-off body can preferably be arranged at least partially in the interior of the housing of the sensor. In particular, the fluid valve can be a valve for liquids or for compressed air.The sensor according to the invention can be used as a fluid valve selected from the group consisting of a check valve, a check valve with a check flap as the valve body, a check valve with a ball as the valve body, a check valve with a cylinder as the valve body, a pressure valve, a unidirectional pressure valve, a bidirectional pressure valve, a unidirectional check valve and a bidirectional check valve.

[0024] The sensor according to the invention can be made at least partially from a plastic. Preferably, at least the housing of the sensor according to the invention consists at least partially, preferably substantially entirely, from a plastic. This facilitates connection of the sensor to a fluid line also made of plastic.

[0025] The sensor can preferably be designed as a check valve, in particular for liquids. The movable part or the shut-off body of the check valve can be a check valve, a cylinder, a piston or a ball. The check valve can be connected directly or indirectly to the housing of the check valve via an axis and can be moved in a rotational manner. The axis can be arranged in the interior of the housing. The ball can either be connected to the housing of the valve via a spring or not connected to the housing of the valve. If the ball is not connected to the housing of the valve, it can be guided, preferably guided via the housing wall. The ball, cylinder and piston can in particular be moved in a translational manner. The translational movement can take place parallel or essentially at a right angle to the direction of flow of the fluid flow.

[0026] Likewise preferably, the sensor can be designed as a pressure valve, in particular as a pressure switching valve. The pressure valve can preferably be a pressure valve for compressed air. The movable part or the shut-off body of the pressure valve can be a ball, a cylinder or piston, which can preferably be moved in a translational manner. The translational movement can take place parallel or essentially at a right angle to the flow direction of the fluid flow. The shut-off body can either be connected to the housing of the valve via a spring or not be connected to the housing of the valve.

[0027] The sensor according to the invention can have at least two electrodes, wherein the electrodes are contacted in the switching position of the sensor, in which the electrical circuit is closed. Conversely, the electrodes are not contacted in the switching position of the sensor, in which the electrical circuit is open. The electrodes can thus also be referred to as the contacts of a switch.

[0028] Contacting the electrodes can be effected directly or indirectly by the movable component. In the case of direct contacting, the movable component can directly contact at least one electrode or two electrodes. In the case of indirect contacting, the movable component can be brought into contact with a contact device, which in turn contacts the at least two electrodes and thus closes the electrical circuit. For this purpose, the contact device can be formed at least in sections from an electrically conductive material, preferably metal. The contact device can be spring-loaded. This can prevent contacting of the electrode or electrodes when the movable component is not in contact. Particularly preferably, the contact device and the at least two electrodes can be encapsulated in order to prevent contact of the electrodes with the fluid.Likewise advantageously, the contact device encapsulated together with the electrodes can be arranged at least partially in the interior of the sensor.

[0029] During contacting, the electrodes are preferably electrically contacted and / or galvanically connected to one another. In other words, by contacting the at least two electrodes, the electrical circuit of the sensor according to the invention is closed and / or a sensor signal is generated. The electrodes can be electrically contactable outside the housing of the sensor according to the invention. In particular, the electrodes can have at least one electrical line, such as a single-core or a two-core cable, via which they can be electrically contacted outside the housing of the sensor.

[0030] The electrodes can each have at least one electrically conductive contact surface through which the electrical contact is made. The movable component can have an electrically conductive contact surface through which the electrical contact is made between the at least two electrodes.

[0031] The at least two electrodes can be structurally separate from the movable component of the sensor or can be independent components of the sensor according to the invention. Alternatively, one of the at least two electrodes can be integrated into the movable component, wherein the second of the at least two electrodes is a component of the sensor that is separate from the movable component. Preferably, the at least two electrodes are components that are separate from the movable component. This ensures that the electrodes can be replaced and / or maintained more easily without having to access the movable component.

[0032] The at least two electrodes can be connected directly or indirectly to the housing of the sensor. Preferably, the two electrodes can be connected directly or indirectly to the housing wall of the sensor. The at least two electrodes can protrude at least partially, in particular with their electrically conductive contact surfaces, into the interior of the sensor according to the invention.

[0033] Preferably, particularly in the case of liquid fluids, it is provided that both electrodes or their contact surfaces cannot come into contact with the fluid at the same time. This effectively prevents short circuits. Particularly preferably, one, even more preferably both electrodes, or their contact surfaces cannot be contacted by the fluid. Further preferably, at least one electrode, even more preferably both electrodes, are connected to the housing wall or integrated into it in such a way that their electrically conductive contact surfaces do not protrude into the interior of the sensor or are arranged within the housing wall. The electrically conductive contact surface of the movable component can then engage in a recess in the housing wall to contact the electrodes.If one or both electrodes protrude with their electrically conductive contact surfaces into the interior of the sensor according to the invention, they can protrude into a fluid-protected or essentially fluid-free sub-volume of the interior of the sensor. This sub-volume can have a wall with an opening through which the movable component extends. This ensures that contact is made between the electrodes by the movable part in the absence of fluid. The opening can in particular have the form of a slot. Furthermore, the opening can be sealed against the fluid, for example by a seal such as a rubber or plastic seal. The opening or slot can advantageously be used to guide the movable component.

[0034] The movable component can have at least one contact surface for closing the electrical circuit. This contact surface is preferably an electrically conductive contact surface and is arranged on the shut-off body of a fluid valve in such a way that the contact surface is not in contact with the fluid, at least in the switching position of the sensor in which the electrical circuit is open. Alternatively or additionally, the contact surface can also be substantially not in contact with the fluid in the switching position of the sensor in which the electrical circuit is closed. In other words, the contact surface on the shut-off body of the fluid valve is not in contact with the fluid, which flows through the sensor when the valve is open, at least when the valve is closed. This has the advantage that the contact time of the contact surface with the fluid is minimized and more reliable switching of the sensor is ensured.The contact surface can be arranged on the side of the shut-off body opposite the fluid outlet of the sensor according to the invention. The contact surface can be arranged on the side of the shut-off body that, when the valve is closed and along the flow direction of the fluid, is closer to the fluid outlet than to the fluid inlet.

[0035] The sensor according to the invention is preferably a check valve, wherein the contact surface is arranged on the check valve, in particular on the side of the check valve opposite the fluid outlet. The rotary movement of the check valve results in electrical contact being made between two electrodes via the contact surface of the check valve, wherein at least one, preferably both, of these electrodes are structurally separate from the movable component of the sensor and preferably connected to the housing wall of the sensor. Furthermore, the contact surface(s) of the electrode(s) is / are arranged in the interior of the sensor according to the invention. This closes an electrical circuit and / or generates a sensor signal.

[0036] The sensor according to the invention is also preferably a check valve, wherein the contact surface is arranged in the region of the axial connection of the check valve to the sensor housing. The region of the axial connection is preferably an end region of the check valve. The region of the axial connection is preferably arranged in the interior of the sensor such that it lies substantially outside the fluid flow. The rotary movement of the check valve results in electrical contact being made between two electrodes via the contact surface of the check valve, wherein at least one, preferably both, of these electrodes are structurally separate from the movable component of the sensor and preferably connected to the housing wall of the sensor. Furthermore, the contact surface(s) of the electrode(s) is / are arranged in the interior of the sensor according to the invention.This closes an electrical circuit and / or generates a sensor signal. Such an embodiment has the further advantage that the contact surface in the area of ​​the axle connection essentially does not come into contact with the fluid, whether the valve is closed or open.

[0037] The sensor according to the invention is also preferably a check valve or pressure valve, wherein the contact surface is arranged on the side of the shut-off body which, when the valve is closed and along the flow direction of the fluid, is arranged closer to the fluid outlet than to the fluid inlet. The shut-off body is preferably a cylinder or piston which is movable in a translational manner. The translational movement of the shut-off body results in electrical contact being made between two electrodes via its contact surface, wherein at least one, preferably both, of these electrodes are structurally separate from the movable component of the sensor and preferably connected to the housing wall of the sensor. Furthermore, the contact surface(s) of the electrode(s) is / are arranged in the interior of the sensor according to the invention. As a result, an electrical circuit is closed and / or a sensor signal is generated.

[0038] At least one, preferably at least two electrodes of the sensor according to the invention can be or are connected to a computing unit. The connection can be made via the electrical line described above with reference to the electrodes. At least one of the two electrodes can be or are connected to the data input of the computing unit. The computing unit can be a control unit and / or an ECU (electronic control unit), preferably a control unit and / or an ECU of a motor vehicle.

[0039] The object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a system for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line according to claim 9. The system can also be referred to as a fluid distribution system and in particular as a fluid distribution system for a motor vehicle. The system according to the invention can have the sensor according to the invention as a component. Accordingly, the above disclosure regarding the sensor according to the invention also applies to the following disclosure of the system according to the invention.

[0040] The system according to the invention comprises a fluid conveying device and a first fluid line with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening. The first fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device. The fluid conveying device of the system according to the invention is suitable and / or configured to generate a fluid flow from the fluid conveying device to the outlet opening of the first fluid line.

[0041] The system according to the invention further comprises a first sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the first fluid line, wherein the sensor is arranged on and / or at least partially in the first fluid line. The sensor is particularly preferably arranged on and / or at least partially in a region of the first fluid line which corresponds to an end region of this fluid line. More preferably, the end region of the fluid line is the region of the inlet opening and / or the outlet opening of the fluid line. This advantageously ensures that the fluid flow can be detected in the vicinity of the inlet opening and / or the outlet opening of the fluid line. An arrangement of the sensor in the region of the outlet opening of the fluid line, in particular in the region of a distribution point of the motor vehicle arranged here, such as a nozzle or the distribution points mentioned further below, is particularly preferred.The sensor according to the invention can also be integrated into the distribution point, in particular the sensor can be integrated into a distribution point designed as a nozzle.

[0042] The fluid conveying device can be any suitable fluid conveying device. The fluid conveying device is preferably a pump or a compressor, more preferably it is an electrically or mechanically driven fluid conveying device. The pump can be selected from the group consisting of a water pump, a coolant pump, an operating fluid pump, a fuel pump, a cleaning fluid pump, a multi-way pump, in particular a two-way pump, and a hydraulic pump. The compressor can preferably be an air compressor or a fan for ambient air. The system according to the invention can furthermore have a tank which is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device. The tank can in particular be a tank for fluids or liquids such as water, cleaning agent, operating fluid or fuel.The tank can also be an air reservoir for storing compressed air. The fluid flow generated by the fluid conveying device runs from the tank either directly through the first fluid line in the direction of the outlet opening of the first fluid line or first through the fluid conveying device and then through the first fluid line and in the direction of the outlet opening of the first fluid line. The tank can be fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device via a supply line. The first sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the supply line can be arranged on and / or preferably at least partially in this supply line. The sensor is preferably a sensor according to the invention.

[0043] With regard to the first fluid line of the system according to the invention, reference is made to what has been stated above. The fluid line can have a plurality of sections which are fluidically connected to one another. While the inlet opening of the first fluid line upstream of the fluid flow is fluidically connected to the fluid conveying device, the outlet opening of the first fluid line downstream of the fluid flow can be fluidically connected to any distribution point, in particular of a motor vehicle. Such a distribution point can also be referred to as a fluid receiver. The fluid receiver can be selected from the group consisting of a cleaning point of a motor vehicle, such as a nozzle - in particular a cleaning fluid nozzle or a compressed air nozzle -, a brake cylinder, a radiator and a cooling device of a traction battery.

[0044] The first sensor of the system according to the invention can be any suitable sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the first fluid line. Examples of suitable sensors include acoustic sensors, such as microphones or ultrasonic sensors, and / or flow sensors. Particularly preferably, the first sensor of the system according to the invention is the previously described sensor according to the invention for detecting the fluid flow in a fluid line.

[0045] The first sensor can preferably be arranged between the inlet opening of the fluid line and the outlet opening of the fluid line, viewed in the direction of the fluid flow through the first fluid line.

[0046] The first sensor of the system according to the invention is arranged on and / or in the first fluid line. For example, acoustic sensors, such as microphones, are preferably arranged on the first fluid line. In other words, such sensors are arranged outside the first fluid line and preferably contact it.

[0047] The first sensor of the system according to the invention, in particular if it is the sensor according to the invention and described above, is preferably arranged at least partially in the first fluid line. This means that the fluid flow through the first fluid line runs sectionally through the sensor according to the invention. For this purpose, the first fluid line can be present in at least two sections, each having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. In other words, the first fluid line can be interrupted by the sensor arranged in the first fluid line, resulting in the two sections of the fluid line. The inlet opening of the first section is arranged closest to the fluid delivery device in the direction of the fluid flow, while the outlet opening of the second section is arranged furthest away from the fluid delivery device in the direction of the fluid flow.The sensor is fluidically connected to the outlet opening of the first section via its fluid inlet, in particular connected thereto. The sensor is fluidically connected to the inlet opening of the second section via its fluid outlet, in particular connected thereto. The sensor is thus fluidically connected to the fluid conveying device upstream of the fluid flow, and fluidically connected to the outlet opening of the first fluid line downstream of the fluid flow.

[0048] The following section discusses a sensor arranged in the fluid line. Unless otherwise stated and technically reasonable, this always refers to both a sensor arranged partially in the fluid line and a sensor arranged on the fluid line.

[0049] The system according to the invention can further comprise at least one computing unit, for example an ECU, wherein this computing unit is connected to at least the first sensor in the first fluid line and additionally comprise a second fluid line which likewise comprises at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening and which is likewise fluidically connected to the fluid conveying device.

[0050] The computing unit can also be connected to the fluid conveying device. In particular, the computing unit can be set up to generate a fluid conveying order, to evaluate it and / or to send it to the fluid conveying device. By sending a fluid conveying order to the fluid conveying device, the fluid conveying device can be activated to convey the fluid. A fluid conveying order can be generated, for example, when the user of the motor vehicle actuates an actuator, such as a switch, to generate the fluid conveying order. The said actuator can be connected to the computing unit for this purpose and / or the actuation of the actuator can be evaluated by the computing unit. The fluid conveying order can also be generated automatically or without any intervention from the user of the motor vehicle.For this purpose, the computing unit can be configured, for example, to generate a fluid delivery order if certain operating parameters of the motor vehicle are present. For example, a fluid delivery order for delivering cleaning fluid can be generated by the computing unit if soiling of the windshield and / or at least one sensor of the motor vehicle is detected.

[0051] The system according to the invention can further comprise a fluid distribution unit which is arranged between the fluid conveying device and / or a tank fluidically connected thereto and the inlet opening of the first fluid line as well as the inlet opening of the second fluid line. The fluid distribution unit is fluidically connected to the fluid conveying device, for example via at least one supply line between the fluid conveying device and the fluid distribution unit. The first sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the supply line can be arranged on and / or preferably at least partially in this supply line. In this case, it is particularly preferably a fluid distribution unit for a gaseous fluid, in particular compressed air. The sensor is preferably a sensor according to the invention. The fluid distribution unit can be connected to the computing unit and / or can be controlled by it.

[0052] The fluid distribution unit can preferably be a valve block, in particular a valve block of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the fluid distribution unit, in particular the valve block, can have at least one fluid inlet via which the fluid distribution unit is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device. The fluid distribution unit, in particular the valve block, can further have at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least eight or at least ten fluid outlets via which the fluid distribution unit is fluidly connected to the first and a corresponding number of further fluid lines. In other words, the first and the further fluid lines of the system according to the invention can be connected to the fluid outlets of the fluid distribution unit.The fluid outlets of the fluid distribution unit can be controlled individually or jointly to permit or prevent fluid flow through a specific fluid outlet. Control can be achieved, for example, via a processing unit.

[0053] The computing unit can also be connected to the fluid distribution unit. In particular, the computing unit can be configured to send a fluid delivery command for fluid delivery in at least one of the fluid lines connected to the fluid distribution unit. By sending such a fluid delivery command to the fluid distribution unit, fluid delivery in a specific fluid line can be controlled.

[0054] The computing unit can also be connected to at least one distribution point, in particular a distribution point at the outlet opening of a fluid line. In particular, the computing unit can be set up to query or detect the activatability, the activation, the status and / or the proper functioning of the distribution point. Distribution points, such as cleaning points for the windshield washer system and / or cleaning points for cleaning sensors, often have actuators. Such actuators can provide information about their status, such as the status of proper functioning and / or the status of a malfunction. Furthermore, information can be provided about whether the actuator can be activated or is currently activated. All of this information can be sent from the distribution point to the computing unit for further processing or can be queried by the computing unit.Preferably, a second sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the second fluid line is arranged in the second fluid line. The same statements apply to this second sensor as previously made regarding the first sensor; in particular, the second sensor is again a previously described sensor according to the invention. The computing unit of the system according to the invention can also be connected, in particular as previously described, to the second sensor in the second fluid line.

[0055] The system according to the invention can have any number of further fluid lines. These are preferably also connected to the fluid distribution unit. Likewise, a further sensor for detecting the fluid flow can be arranged in each further one of these fluid lines. Preferably, one such sensor is arranged in each fluid line, in particular in each fluid line that is connected to the fluid distribution unit. The system according to the invention particularly preferably has at least three, at least four, at least five, at least eight, or at least ten such fluid lines, in each of which a sensor for detecting the fluid flow is arranged.

[0056] The system according to the invention can further be configured to carry out the method described below for detecting faults in a fluid distribution system. In particular, the control unit of the system according to the invention can be configured to carry out the method described below for detecting faults in a fluid distribution system.

[0057] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system according to independent claim 13. The fluid distribution system can in particular be the system according to the invention described above. The method according to the invention can be a method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system, wherein the fluid distribution system comprises: a fluid conveying device, at least one first fluid line with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the first fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device.Furthermore, the fluid conveying device is suitable for generating a fluid flow from the fluid conveying device to the outlet opening of the first fluid line, and the fluid distribution system has a first sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the first fluid line, wherein the sensor is arranged on and / or at least partially in the first fluid line. The fluid distribution system also has a computing unit, wherein the computing unit is connected to at least the first sensor. The method can comprise the two steps: a1) detection of a fluid flow in the first fluid line by means of the first sensor, and b1) detection of a malfunction if a fluid flow was detected in step a1) although there is no fluid delivery order for the first fluid line, or if no fluid flow was detected in step a1) although there is a fluid delivery order for the first fluid line.

[0058] A core concept of the method according to the invention is to detect the actual fluid flow in a fluid line (step a1) and to compare this with whether the fluid distribution system has a fluid delivery order for this fluid line (step b1). If a discrepancy is detected between the actual fluid flow in a fluid line and the presence or absence of a fluid delivery order for this fluid line, a malfunction in the fluid distribution system exists.

[0059] The process according to the invention can be repeated cyclically.

[0060] The method according to the invention can also be triggered by an event or executed upon the occurrence of such an event. An example event is the generation of a fluid delivery order. Another example event is the start or operation of a fluid delivery device of the motor vehicle. Another example event is the start or operation of the windshield wipers of the motor vehicle.

[0061] If, for example, a fluid flow is detected in a fluid line even though there is no fluid delivery order for this fluid line, the malfunction may be an undesired or unwanted cleaning process and / or an unwanted priming process and / or a fluid leak in the line in question. The "priming" of fluid lines is a process known to those skilled in the art in which the fluid lines are filled with fluid, for example a liquid or compressed air, before the required withdrawal of the fluid. Accordingly, the method according to the invention can also be referred to as a method for detecting an unwanted cleaning process and / or an unwanted priming process and / or a fluid leak and / or faulty control of the fluid distribution system, in particular a fluid distribution unit of such a fluid distribution system.The method according to the invention can also be used to detect the completion of a priming process. First, a fluid flow is detected in a fluid line under consideration, which can no longer be detected after a certain time despite the activated fluid delivery device. At the second point in time, the fluid is "stationary" in the line, and the priming process is completed.

[0062] If, for example, no fluid flow is detected in a fluid line although there is a fluid delivery order for this fluid line, the malfunction may be a defective and / or blocked / clogged distribution point, for example a defective actuator and / or a defective cleaning point. The malfunction may also be a clogged or leaking fluid line. Accordingly, the method according to the invention can also be referred to as a method for detecting a defective and / or blocked / clogged distribution point, for example a defective actuator and / or a defective cleaning point. It can also be referred to as a method for detecting a defective distribution point and / or a clogged or leaking fluid line.

[0063] Preferably, in the event that no fluid flow was detected in step b1) although a fluid delivery order is present, the method according to the invention can additionally comprise the further steps: b2) detection of the proper functioning of a distribution point at the outlet opening of the first fluid line; and b3) detection of a blockage and / or a fluid leak in the first fluid line if proper functioning of the distribution point was detected in step b2); or detection of a malfunction of the distribution point if proper functioning of the distribution point was not detected in step b2).

[0064] The method according to the invention can thus be referred to as a method for detecting a blockage and / or a fluid leak in a fluid line of a fluid distribution system and / or as a method for detecting a malfunction of a distribution point of a fluid distribution system.

[0065] The method according to the invention can also be carried out when a fluid delivery order has been generated, for example by the computing unit. The method according to the invention can also be carried out when a fluid flow in the first fluid line has been detected by means of the sensor. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a motor vehicle having a sensor according to the invention and / or a system according to the invention, and / or a motor vehicle which is configured to carry out the method according to the invention. The motor vehicle can preferably be an autonomous motor vehicle.

[0066] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a sensor according to the invention and / or the system according to the invention for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line and / or for carrying out the method according to the invention.

[0067] Further advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following exemplary embodiments. These show in detail:

[0068] Figure 1: a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, which is designed as a check valve; Figure 1A shows the first position of the movable component, while Figure 1B shows the second position of the movable component, which can be achieved by rotating the movable component.

[0069] Figure 2: a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, which is designed as a check valve; Figure 2A shows the first position of the movable component, while Figure 2B shows the second position of the movable component, which can be achieved via a rotation of the movable component. Figure 3: a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, which is designed as a valve; Figure 3A shows the first position of the movable component, while Figure 3B shows the second position of the movable component, which can be achieved via a guided, translational movement of the movable component.

[0070] Figure 4: a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, which is designed as a check valve and wherein the contacting of the electrodes is effected indirectly by the movable component; Figure 4 shows the first position of the movable component.

[0071] Figure 5: a schematic representation of a further embodiment and variant of the sensor according to the invention shown in Figure 3, in which the electrodes are contacted within a recess in the housing wall of the sensor. Figure 5 shows the first position of the movable component.

[0072] Figure 6: a schematic representation of a system according to the invention, as a fluid distribution system for a motor vehicle.

[0073] Figure 7: the scheme of a process flow according to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system

[0074] Figure 8: the diagram of a process sequence according to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system In the description which now follows, the same reference symbols designate the same components or the same features, so that a description made with reference to one figure with regard to a component also applies to the other figures.

[0075] Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the sensor 1 according to the invention for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line of a motor vehicle, wherein the sensor 1 is designed as a check valve 101, in particular a unidirectional check valve. The fluid of the fluid flow to be detected is an operating fluid of a motor vehicle, in particular a cleaning fluid.

[0076] The sensor 1 has a housing 2, shown in section, with a housing wall 3 and encloses the volume / inner space 4. Also visible are a fluid inlet 5 and a fluid outlet 6. The fluid inlet 5 and fluid outlet 6 are fluidically connected by a fluid channel. The fluid channel extends in the inner space 4 of the sensor. Furthermore, the reference symbol S designates the fluid flow of the fluid flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor. The flow direction of the fluid flow S runs essentially from the fluid inlet 5 in the direction of the fluid outlet 6, as symbolized by the arrow.

[0077] Fluid inlet 5 and fluid outlet 6 are each connected to a fluid line not shown.

[0078] The movable component 7 is arranged entirely in the interior 4 of the sensor 1 and is designed as a shut-off body 701 or non-return valve 711 of the check valve 101. The movable component 7 is further connected at the connection point 8, which is also arranged in the interior 4 of the sensor 1, via an axial connection 801 to the housing 2, in particular to the inside of the wall of the housing, of the sensor 1. The axial connection of the movable component 7 is located in an end region of the non-return valve 711. The axis is arranged essentially at a right angle to the flow direction of the fluid flow S, as a result of which the movable component 7 can be rotated about this axis 801. In particular, the movable component 7 can be rotated by the fluid flow S from a first position into a second position.

[0079] The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 1A corresponds to the first position. The first position of the movable component 7 corresponds to an end position in which the movable component 7 rests against a stop 713, in this case the valve seat. In the case of the first position of the movable component 7, the stop corresponds to the valve seat of the check valve 101. The first position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 1a corresponds to the position in which the valve 101 is closed and / or the electrical circuit of the sensor is open and in which no sensor signal is generated.

[0080] The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 1B corresponds to the second position. The second position of the movable component 7 also corresponds to an end position in which the movable component 7 rests against a stop 713. The second position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 1b corresponds to the position in which the valve 101 is open. The second position of the movable component shown in Figure 1b corresponds to the switching position of the sensor 1, in which an electrical circuit is closed, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0081] The sensor 1 has two electrodes 9 which are structurally separate from the movable component 7 of the sensor 1. The two electrodes 9 are integrated into the sensor housing 2, in particular its housing wall 3, and point with their metallic and thus electrically conductive contact surfaces 10 in the direction of the interior 4 of the sensor 1. The two contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes 9 are arranged in the interior 4 of the sensor such that they lie substantially outside the fluid flow S. Furthermore, when the valve is open, they are protected from the fluid by the adjacent movable component 7 (cf. Fig. 1B). Both electrodes 9 can be electrically contacted outside the housing via a separate cable 11. The electrodes 9 are electrically connected in particular to an ECU (not shown) of a motor vehicle.

[0082] The movable component 7 of the sensor 1 also has a metallic and thus electrically conductive contact surface 10, which is arranged on the side of the shut-off body 701 that is opposite the fluid outlet 6 when the valve 101 is closed. As a result, the contact surface 10 of the movable part 7 is essentially not in contact with the fluid even when the valve 101 is closed.

[0083] If the movable component 7 of the sensor 1 is rotated by the fluid flow S from its first position (Figure 1A) to its second position, i.e. the switching position (Figure 1B), the contact surface 10 of the movable component 7 contacts the two contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes 9, whereby the electrodes 9 are electrically contacted and the electrical circuit is closed or a sensor signal is generated.

[0084] The sensor 1 thus allows the reliable detection of a fluid flow S flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor 1 .

[0085] Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the sensor 1 according to the invention for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line of a motor vehicle. The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 2A corresponds to the first position. The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 2B corresponds to the second position. The following only deals with the differences from the embodiment according to Figure 1. All other features that are not discussed again correspond to the first embodiment.

[0086] The movable component 7 of the sensor 1 has a metallic and thus electrically conductive contact surface 10 which is arranged in the region of the axial connection 8 of the check valve 711 to the sensor housing 2. The axial connection is arranged in an end region of the check valve 711. The region of the axial connection is further arranged in the fluid-free sub-volume 41 of the sensor such that it lies substantially outside the fluid flow of the fluid and is still protected from the fluid. The wall of the fluid-free sub-volume 41 further has an opening in the form of a slot which is sealed off from the fluid and through which the movable component 7 extends. The rotary movement of the movable component 7 causes the two electrodes 9 to be electrically contacted at their contact surfaces 10 via its contact surface 10. This closes an electrical circuit and generates a sensor signal.The electrodes 9 are integrated into the housing wall 3 and the contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes protrude into the fluid-free sub-volume 41 of the sensor housing.

[0087] The sensor 1 thus allows the reliable detection of a fluid flow S flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor 1 .

[0088] Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the sensor 1 according to the invention for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line of a motor vehicle, the sensor 1 again being designed as a valve 101. The fluid of the fluid flow to be detected is compressed air, in particular for cleaning sensor surfaces of a motor vehicle. The sensor 1 has a housing 2, shown in section, with a housing wall 3 and encloses the volume / inner space 4. Also visible are a fluid inlet 5 and a fluid outlet 6. Fluid inlet 5 and fluid outlet 6 are fluidly connected by a fluid channel. The fluid channel extends in the inner space 4 of the sensor. Furthermore, the reference symbol S designates the fluid flow of the fluid flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor. The flow direction of the fluid flow S runs essentially from the fluid inlet 5 in the direction of the fluid outlet 6, as symbolized by the arrow.

[0089] Fluid inlet 5 and fluid outlet 6 are each connected to a fluid line not shown.

[0090] The movable component 7 is arranged entirely in the interior 4 of the sensor 1 and is designed as a shut-off body 701 or cylinder or piston 712 of the check valve 101. The translationally movable component 7 is further connected to the housing wall 3 of the sensor 1 via the spring 714 and is guided by the guide 12 during the transition from its first position (Figure 3A) to its second position (Figure 3B). The guide 12 is in turn connected to the housing 2 of the sensor 1. The translational movement of the movable component takes place in a direction of movement which is arranged essentially at a right angle to the flow direction S of the fluid through the flow channel.

[0091] The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 3A corresponds to the first position. The first position of the movable component 7 corresponds to an end position in which the movable component 7 rests against a stop. In the case of the first position of the movable component 7, the stop corresponds to the valve seat 713 of the valve 101. The first position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 3A corresponds to the position in which the valve 101 is closed and / or the electrical circuit of the sensor is open and in which no sensor signal is generated.

[0092] The position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 3B corresponds to the second position. The second position of the movable component 7 also corresponds to an end position in which the movable component 7 rests against a stop formed by the two electrodes 9. The second position of the movable component 7 shown in Figure 3B corresponds to the position in which the valve 101 is open. The second position of the movable component shown in Figure 3B corresponds to the switching position of the sensor 1, in which an electrical circuit is closed.

[0093] The sensor 1 has two electrodes 9 which are structurally separate from the movable component 7 of the sensor 1. The two electrodes 9 are connected to the sensor housing 2, in particular the housing wall 3, and protrude with their metallic and thus electrically conductive contact surfaces 10 into the interior 4 of the sensor 1. The two contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes 9 are arranged in the interior 4 of the sensor such that they lie substantially outside the fluid flow S. The electrodes 9 can each be electrically contacted via a separate cable 11 outside the housing. The electrodes 9 are electrically connected in particular to an ECU (not shown) of a motor vehicle.

[0094] The movable component 7 of the sensor 1 also has a metallic and thus electrically conductive contact surface 10 which is arranged on the side of the shut-off body 701 which, when the valve 101 is closed, is arranged on the side of the shut-off body which, along the flow direction S of the fluid, is arranged closer to the fluid outlet 6 than to the fluid inlet 5. The electrically conductive contact surface 10 of the shut-off body 701 has the shape of a ring which is arranged in an end region of the shut-off body 701 which is opposite the valve seat. This allows the two electrodes 9 to be reliably contacted.

[0095] If the movable component 7 of the sensor 1 is moved or raised by the fluid flow S from its first position (Figure 3A) in a translational manner into its second position, i.e. the switching position (Figure 3B), the contact surface 10 of the movable component 7 contacts the two contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes 9, whereby the electrodes 9 are electrically contacted and the electrical circuit is closed or a sensor signal is generated.

[0096] The sensor 1 thus allows the reliable detection of a fluid flow S flowing through the fluid channel of the sensor 1 .

[0097] Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment and variant of the sensor according to the invention shown in Figure 1. In this variant, the electrodes 9 are contacted by the movable component 7 indirectly via the contact device 901. Only the differences from Figure 1 will be discussed below, with only the open position of the valve being shown.

[0098] The contact device 901 can be seen, which consists of an electrically conductive material and, together with the electrodes 9, is protected from contact with the fluid by the encapsulation 903. The contact device 903 is also connected to the housing wall 3 of the sensor via the spring 902 and is spring-loaded.

[0099] In the open state of the sensor / valve shown, the spring force of the spring 902 prevents contact between the electrodes 9 and the contact device 901. In the closed state of the sensor / valve (not shown), the contact between the movable component 7 and the contact device 901 is brought into contact with the electrodes 9 against the spring force of the spring 902, thereby closing the electrical circuit.

[0100] As can also be seen, the contact device 901 encapsulated together with the electrodes 9 is arranged at least partially in the interior 4 of the sensor 1.

[0101] Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment and variant of the sensor according to the invention shown in Figure 3. In this variant, the electrically conductive contact surface 10 of the movable component 7 engages in a recess 301 of the housing wall to ensure contact with the electrodes 9. Only the differences from Figure 3 will be discussed below, with only the open position of the valve being shown.

[0102] The electrodes 9, which are integrated into the housing wall 3 of the sensor, can be seen. A recess 301 in the housing wall can also be seen between the sensors 9. The movable component 7 engages in this recess 301 with an area where the electrically conductive contact surface 10 is arranged. Advantageously, the movable component 7 already engages in the recess 301 in its first position, without the electrically conductive contact surface 10 of the movable component making contact with the electrodes 9. This guides the movable component 7.

[0103] When the movable component 7 is lifted from the first to the second position by the fluid flow S, it engages deeper into the recess 301. In doing so, it engages so deeply into the recess 301 that the electrically conductive contact surface 10 of the movable component contacts the electrically conductive contact surfaces 10 of the electrodes 9, thereby closing the electrical circuit.

[0104] Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a fluid distribution system 13 according to the invention for a motor vehicle 14. The fluid distribution system 13 has a fluid conveying device 15 in the form of a pump which is fluidly connected to a cleaning agent tank 16. The fluid conveying device 15 further has a fluid distribution unit 17 in the form of a valve block, wherein the fluid conveying device 15 is fluidly connected to the fluid distribution unit 17 via the supply line 18. In particular, the supply line 18 is connected to the fluid inlet of the fluid distribution unit 17. The fluid conveying device 15 is designed to generate a fluid flow of the fluid from the tank 16 in the direction of the fluid distribution unit 17.

[0105] Connected to the individual controllable fluid outlets of the fluid distribution unit 17 via their respective inlet openings are a plurality of fluid lines 19 which convey the fluid flow generated by the fluid conveying device 15 in the direction of at least one outlet opening and the distribution points CP1-CP8 fluidly connected thereto, in particular cleaning points of the motor vehicle.

[0106] The fluid distribution unit 17 is thus arranged between the fluid conveying device 15 and the inlet opening of the fluid lines 19.

[0107] The fluid distribution unit 17 is connected to the computing unit 20, which is designed as the ECU of the motor vehicle, for the purpose of control. The computing unit 20 is also connected to the fluid delivery device 15 for the purpose of controlling the same. Furthermore, the computing unit 20 is set up to generate a fluid delivery order, to evaluate it and / or to send it to the fluid delivery device. The computing unit 20 is also connected to a switch (not shown) which can be actuated by the user of the motor vehicle to generate a fluid delivery order. Furthermore, the computing unit 20 is designed to generate a fluid delivery order based on the presence of certain operating parameters of the motor vehicle.

[0108] The distribution points CP1 - CP8 are cleaning points for cleaning the headlights (CP1), the windshield (CP2), the rear window (CP3), the LIDAR (CP4), the side mirrors (CP5), a forward-facing camera (CP6), a rear-facing camera (CP7), and a rear-facing camera in the area of ​​the bumper of the vehicle (CP8). The system shown in the embodiment therefore has a total of 10 distribution points. All of these cleaning points contain actuators whose status can be queried. The actuators are connected to the computing unit 20 for querying the status.

[0109] The fluid distribution system 13 further comprises a plurality of sensors 1 according to the invention for detecting the fluid flow in the fluid lines 19. The sensors are fluid valves for liquids, in particular cleaning liquids. The sensors 1 are arranged in the fluid lines 19. The fluid inlet 5 of the sensor 1 is connected to the outlet opening of a first section of the fluid line 19 and the fluid outlet 6 of the sensor 1 is connected to the inlet opening of a second section of the fluid line 19. Furthermore, the sensors 1 are arranged in the end regions of the fluid lines 19. The sensors 1 are thus arranged in the region of the outlet openings of the fluid lines 19 and / or in the region of the distribution points CP1-CP8 of the motor vehicle.All of the sensors 1 are connected to the computing unit 20 so that the sensors 1, in particular the switching position of the sensors 1, can be queried and / or processed by the computing unit 20.

[0110] Figure 7 schematically shows the process flow according to a first embodiment of the inventive method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system. The fluid distribution system is the fluid distribution system 13 of the embodiment of Figure 4. The inventive method is executed by the computing unit 20 of this fluid distribution system 13.

[0111] In process step 30, the sensor 1 in at least one considered fluid line of the fluid distribution system 13 is queried via the computing unit 20 to determine whether the fluid valve is open or whether a fluid flow can be detected in the considered fluid line, i.e. whether, for example, a sensor signal has been generated or can be detected by this sensor 1. If such a sensor signal can be detected, the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, in which an electrical circuit is closed, as described above. If the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, this also means that a fluid flow has been detected in the region of the distribution point (CPx), which is arranged along the fluid flow after the sensor 1 in the fluid line 19. If the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, this also means that the fluid valve is open.

[0112] In process step 31, a branch is made based on the result of the query of the sensor signal.

[0113] If no sensor signal could be detected, the fluid valve is closed or no fluid flow could be detected. The method according to the invention is then repeated cyclically. This means that the process branches back to process step 30.

[0114] Conversely, if a sensor signal is detected, the fluid valve is opened or a fluid flow is detected. Then, in process step 32, a further branching occurs based on the query as to whether a fluid delivery order exists for the fluid line 19 under consideration.

[0115] In the event that a fluid conveyance order is present, this is a desired fluid flow in the fluid line 19 under consideration. In such a case, the method according to the invention is also repeated cyclically, branching back to process step 30 again.

[0116] If there is no fluid delivery order, this means that there is an undesired fluid flow in the fluid line 19 under consideration. Such an undesired fluid flow can occur, for example, if there is a fluid leak in the fluid line 19 under consideration, through which fluid escapes. Such an undesired fluid flow can also occur, for example, if the fluid distribution unit 17 was incorrectly controlled. In such a case, a malfunction of the fluid distribution system or a faulty control of the fluid distribution system is detected in process step 33.

[0117] Figure 8 schematically shows the process flow according to a further embodiment of the inventive method for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system. The fluid distribution system is again the fluid distribution system 13 of the embodiment of Figure 4. The inventive method is also executed by the computing unit 20 of this fluid distribution system 13.

[0118] The method according to the invention is carried out when a fluid delivery order is present for a considered fluid line 19. It has the process step 30 which is identical to the embodiment in Figure 5. In the process step 30, at least the sensor 1 in the considered fluid line 19 of the fluid distribution system 13 is queried via the computing unit 20 as to whether the fluid valve is open, i.e., for example, whether a sensor signal has been generated by this sensor 1 or can be detected. If such a sensor signal can be detected, the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, in which an electrical circuit is closed as described above. If the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, this also means that a fluid flow has been detected in the area of ​​the distribution point (CPx) which is arranged along the fluid flow after the sensor 1 in the fluid line 19 under consideration.If the queried sensor 1 is in its switching position, this also means that the fluid valve in the fluid line 19 in question is open.

[0119] In process step 31, a branch is made based on the result of the query of the sensor signal.

[0120] If a fluid flow could be detected, the method according to the invention is repeated cyclically as long as a fluid delivery order exists for the fluid line 19 in question. This means that it is possible to branch back to process step 30 again, since the fluid flow in the fluid line in question is desired. Conversely, if no fluid flow could be detected, a status and / or function query of the actuator of the distribution point in the fluid line 19 in question takes place in process step 34. Furthermore, in the optional process step 33, a malfunction of the fluid distribution system or a faulty control of the fluid distribution system can be detected.

[0121] In process step 35, a branch is made based on the result of the actuator query.

[0122] If proper function of the actuator has been determined, it can be assumed that there is a blockage and / or leakage in the fluid line 19 under consideration. In such a case, a blockage and / or leakage in the fluid line is determined or detected in process step 36.

[0123] If proper function or a malfunction of the actuator is determined, it can be assumed that there is a malfunction of the distribution point and / or the actuator. In such a case, a malfunction of the distribution point and / or the actuator in the fluid line is determined or detected in process step 37. Together with each individual or both cases of process steps 36 and 37, a malfunction of the fluid distribution system can also be determined or detected after process step 33.

[0124] List of reference symbols

[0125] 1 sensor

[0126] 2 housing, sensor housing

[0127] 3 Housing wall of the sensor

[0128] 4 Volume / interior of the sensor

[0129] 5 Fluid inlet

[0130] 6 Fluid outlet

[0131] 7 Movable component of the sensor

[0132] 8 Connection point of the moving component with the housing

[0133] 9 Electrode

[0134] 10 Contact surface of electrode and / or moving part

[0135] 11 Electrical contact of the electrode; single-core cable

[0136] 12 Guide

[0137] 13 System; fluid distribution system

[0138] 14 Motor vehicle

[0139] 15 Fluid conveying device; pump; pump for cleaning agent

[0140] 16 Tank; detergent tank

[0141] 17 Fluid distribution unit; valve block

[0142] 18 supply line

[0143] 19 Fluid line

[0144] 20 computing unit; ECU

[0145] 30 Query whether sensor (fluid valve) is open

[0146] 31 Branching based on query

[0147] 32 Branching based on the presence of a fluid delivery order

[0148] 33 Determination / detection of a malfunction

[0149] 34 Status / function query of the actuator of the distribution point

[0150] 35 Branching based on the function of the actuator

[0151] 36 Detection of a blockage and / or leak

[0152] 37 Detection of a malfunction of the distribution point and / or the actuator

[0153] 41 Fluid-free sub-volume of the sensor interior

[0154] 101 Valve; Fluid valve; Check valve 301 Recess; Recess in the housing wall

[0155] 701 Shut-off body of a valve

[0156] 711 check valve

[0157] 712 Cylinder, piston 713 Stop, valve seat

[0158] 714 spring

[0159] 801 Axis; Axis connection of the movable component with sensor housing

[0160] 901 Contact device, metallic contact device 902 Spring

[0161] 903 Encapsulation

[0162] CPx distribution point; fluid distribution point; cleaning point; fluid receiver

[0163] Fluid flow

Claims

Patent claims 1. Sensor (1) comprising for the detection of a fluid flow in a fluid line: - a housing (2) having at least one fluid inlet (5) and at least one fluid outlet (6) , wherein the fluid inlet and fluid outlet are fluidly connected to each other by at least one fluid channel; - at least one movable component (7) which is at least partially arranged in the fluid channel and which can be moved from a first position to a second position by a fluid flow through the fluid channel, characterized in that the first position and / or the second position is a switching position in which an electrical circuit is closed.

2. Sensor according to claim 1, wherein the movable component is connected to the housing at at least one point or is not connected to the housing.

3. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable part is movable translationally and / or rotationally by the fluid flow.

4. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor is designed as a fluid valve and the movable part is the shut-off element of the fluid valve.

5. Sensor according to claim 4, wherein the fluid valve is selected from the group consisting of a check valve, a check valve with a check flap as the valve body, a check valve with a ball as the valve body, and a pressure valve. Unidirectional pressure valve, bidirectional pressure valve, unidirectional check valve, and bidirectional check valve. Sensor according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two electrodes, wherein the electrodes are contacted in the switching position. Sensor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable component has at least one contact surface for closing the electrical circuit and / or for electrically contacting the at least two electrodes. Sensor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one electrode is connectable to and / or connected to a processing unit. System (13) for detecting a fluid flow in a fluid line comprising: - a fluid conveying device ( 15 ) ; - a first fluid line ( 19 ) with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the first fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device; - wherein the fluid conveying device is suitable for generating a fluid flow from the fluid conveying device to the outlet opening of the first fluid line; - a first sensor (1) for detecting the fluid flow in the first fluid line (19), wherein the sensor is arranged on and / or at least partially in the first fluid line. System according to claim 9, wherein the first sensor is a sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8. System according to claim 9 or 10 comprising: at least one computing unit (20), wherein the computing unit is connected to at least the first sensor (1); at least one second fluid line (19) with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the second fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device (15); at least one fluid distribution unit (17) arranged between the fluid conveying device (15) and the inlet opening of the first fluid line (19), as well as the inlet opening of the second fluid line (19). System configured for carrying out the method according to claims 13 to 15. Method comprising for detecting a malfunction in a fluid distribution system. - a fluid conveying system, - at least one first fluid line with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the first fluid line is fluidly connected to the fluid conveying device, - wherein the fluid conveying device is suitable for generating a fluid flow from the fluid conveying device to the outlet opening of the first fluid line and - a first sensor for detecting the fluid flow in the first fluid line, wherein the sensor is arranged on and / or at least partially in the first fluid line, - a computing unit, wherein the computing unit is connected to at least the first sensor; wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: a) detection of a fluid flow in the first fluid line by means of the first sensor and b) detection of a malfunction, if - a fluid flow was detected even though there is no fluid delivery order for the first fluid line, or - no fluid flow was detected, although a fluid delivery order exists for the first fluid line. Method according to claim 13, wherein no fluid flow was detected, although a fluid delivery order exists, further comprising the steps: b2) detection of the proper functioning of a distribution point at the outlet opening of the first fluid line; and b3) detection of a blockage and / or a fluid leak in the first fluid line, if proper functioning of the distribution point was detected; or Detection of a malfunction of the distribution point if no proper function of the distribution point has been detected. Method according to one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the sensor is a sensor according to one of claims 1 to 8. Motor vehicle comprising a sensor according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or a system according to one of claims 9 to 12 and / or configured to carry out a method according to one of claims 13 to 15.

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