Staircase for installation in a building and a step element

Abstract

Soundproofing measures for a staircase installed in a building are proposed, which can be used individually or in combination. Such a staircase has a supporting body (12a) connected to the building and at least one tread element (20) carried by the supporting body (12a). One or more decoupling and / or sound-absorbing elements (44) are arranged between the tread element (20) and the building.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a staircase installed in a building, an element filled with granules, staircases for installation in a building, a step element for use as part of such a staircase and a single step installed in a building.

[0002] Staircases can be found in every multi-story building. In most cases, the stairs are located within the building. A staircase is often a fully or partially prefabricated element that is built into the shell of the building. Each such staircase can be considered to consist of a supporting structure and at least one tread supported by this supporting structure. The tread is usually either a wooden element or a stone slab. The supporting structure is usually made of reinforced concrete or is constructed as a tubular steel structure. The supporting structure must, of course, be connected to at least one adjacent building section. According to the definitions given here, this is done via a connection on the supporting structure side and a connection on the building side that interacts with this connection. According to these definitions, the building side connection also belongs to the staircase.If the supporting structure is made of concrete or reinforced concrete, it can simply rest on corresponding surfaces of the building with an upper and lower end surface. If the supporting structure is a steel structure, it is often connected to a wall at the sides using bolts or anchors projecting into the wall. In this case, the bolts or anchors are the supporting-structure-side connections, and the holes in the building wall into which the bolts or anchors project are the building-side connections. A staircase can also consist of individual steps, which are connected to an adjacent wall by means of load-bearing elements projecting into the wall.

[0003] It's a well-known problem that walking up and down stairs can often be heard throughout the house, and in the case of a semi-detached or terraced house, even in the neighboring house. This is, of course, undesirable.

[0004] For sound insulation, especially in staircases with tubular steel support structures, it is common practice to install rubber-elastic damping elements between the treads and the support structure and / or in the building's connections, with the aim of achieving sound decoupling. In the case where the rubber-elastic damping elements are installed between the treads and the support structure, the treads are usually self-supporting wooden elements that rest on the rubber-elastic damping elements with only a small surface area, i.e., in a point-like manner. However, these measures are only of limited help.

[0005] DE 10 2007 019 023 A1 mentions that so-called sandboards can be used in the area of ​​the supports of stairs, but it has turned out that this is not easily possible.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention aims to provide stairs with improved acoustic properties.

[0007] It has been shown that while sound decoupling between the tread element and the supporting structure and / or between the supporting structure and the building elements connected to the supporting structure using elastic elements does provide some improvement in sound transmission, this is often insufficient or has disadvantages. While decoupling using rubber-elastic elements is possible, the installation of rubber-elastic elements can cause the staircase as a whole or parts of it to vibrate relatively strongly, which in turn can lead to its own noise generation.

[0008] The invention therefore proposes a method whereby rubber-elastic elements can be dispensed with entirely or at least partially, or whereby these elements are supplemented by additional sound-insulating or sound-absorbing measures. According to the invention, the frictional connection between the supporting structure and the surrounding building is achieved at least partially via a granulate, and / or a decoupling element is provided over a large area between the tread element and the supporting structure. This decoupling element supports the tread element, dampens it, and decouples it from the supporting structure. The two measures mentioned can be implemented independently of one another, but for ideal results they are combined. Both measures are based on the common idea of ​​not only decoupling elements of the "tread element-supporting structure-building" system from one another, but also providing sound-energy-dissipating damping.In particular, this prevents the tread elements from being self-supporting and thus vibrating components between small support points, as is always the case with steel staircases in the state of the art. To fully exploit this effect, it is preferable that at least 50 percent, and more preferably at least 80 percent, of the underside of each tread element rests on the decoupling element and is preferably bonded to it (e.g., by adhesive bonding), forming a flat sandwich. This sandwich is essential for reducing vibration and for the desired dissipation of sound energy.

[0009] As mentioned, the damping of the tread element is preferably achieved essentially over its entire surface by means of the decoupling element, so that a sandwich of at least two layers is formed from the tread element and the decoupling element. In the case of a steel staircase or a single step, the decoupling element is supported by a base plate. This means that the tread element does not have to be self-supporting, allowing its material and dimensions to be selected to optimize natural vibration. A further improvement can be achieved in some cases by designing the tread element itself with at least two layers, so that the decoupling element and the tread element form at least a three-layer sandwich. Together with the base plate, this then results in a four-layer sandwich.

[0010] Another advantage of a stair with such a tread element is that you have relative freedom in choosing the material. In particular, it can be selected to match the flooring used in the house. The tread element is preferably rigid, but does not need to be highly stable. It can be made of wood or a wood-based material, or it can be designed as a tile. It can also be made entirely or partially of screed. In either case, the tread element is a separate element from the decoupling element. A non-slip covering or carpet can be attached to the tread element as an additional layer.

[0011] The decoupling element preferably has a dynamic stiffness between 5 and 50 MN / m³. It can be made of mineral wool, polystyrene, or a wood fiber material, for example. To prevent the tread edge from giving way too much when stepped on, which could lead to a somewhat "spongy" feeling for the person using the stairs, it may be preferable to provide at least two different decoupling elements: one as just described and a front decoupling element adjacent to the tread edge. This has a greater dynamic stiffness than the rear decoupling element spaced apart from the tread edge. A preferred material for the front decoupling element is, for example, a so-called rubber chip mat.

[0012] Particularly when the supporting body is a steel structure, the tread element and the decoupling element can be part of a step element, which further comprises a base plate that supports the at least one decoupling element. In this case, it is further preferred that the base plate is part of a tray, in particular a sheet metal tray, in which at least part of the decoupling element is accommodated. Such a step element can be completely prefabricated and, instead of a standard wooden step, arranged on a supporting body that is designed as a steel structure. This has the advantage, among other things, that it also makes it easy to retrofit existing staircases. A further advantage of such a step element is that (as already mentioned) the tread element does not need to have great mechanical stability, so that it can be easily adapted to the floor coverings of the house.In particular, the tread element can be a piece of parquet or one or more tiles. To dampen the sound of the sheet metal tray in this case, the at least one decoupling element is preferably screwed or glued to the sheet metal tray. In the case of gluing, the use of a residually elastic adhesive is preferred.

[0013] This principle can also be applied to a single step. In this case, the single-step element can be designed as described above, and / or the building-side support for the supporting element that carries the single-step element can comprise at least one element filled with granulate.

[0014] The granulate used to create the frictional connection between the supporting structure and the building can be quartz sand, but the use of other granulates or granulate mixtures is also possible. For example, the granulate can consist entirely or partially of metal spheres, particularly steel spheres or steel sand. The granulate works differently than a rubber-elastic element; it dissipates sound energy without requiring movement between the elements, which are connected to each other by means of the granulate. The sound-absorbing effect is essentially achieved by the fact that each granulate grain scatters the incoming sound wave, so that the sound is almost completely absorbed by the large number of granules.If an additional elastic element is provided, this is preferably arranged between an element filled with granulate and the load-bearing part of the building, so that the force is transferred from the element filled with granulate to the elastic element.

[0015] To make a granulate-filled element practically usable in the support area of ​​a staircase, the supporting structure connection in the case of an upper or lower support of a lightweight staircase must be directly or indirectly secured against lateral displacement and / or uplift forces. Several options are described for achieving this without compromising sound insulation.

[0016] In particular, in order to be able to use granulate in a lateral connection of a lightweight staircase, it preferably surrounds the supporting structure-side connection at least completely radially in order to avoid lateral sound transmission.

[0017] In order to prevent the granulate from flowing away sideways, a separate trough-like component (also referred to as an enclosure element) and / or a recess, in particular a cuboid-shaped trough in the building or the staircase, can be provided.

[0018] For most applications, it is necessary, or at least preferred, for the granules to be arranged in granule-filled elements. In principle, such a granule-filled element can simply be a bag filled with granules. Furthermore, it is possible to use granule-filled elements with a multi-layer structure, with cross-connections within the layers, resulting in a honeycomb-like structure. However, the internal structure of such a granule-filled element should not contribute to the transmission of compressive forces, so it should preferably be made of a flexible material such as paper, cardboard, or plastic film.

[0019] Particularly if the granules consist entirely or partially of sand, they should be completely enclosed in a waterproof layer to ensure that the granules remain dry both during installation with wet building materials (mortar) and throughout their lifetime as a building connection or as part of such a connection. Wet sand is known to "stick" and then no longer possesses the desired granule properties. The adhesion of the granules could be further exacerbated by penetrating binding agents. Furthermore, any existing cardboard layers could dissolve. The outer shell can consist, in particular, of a plastic film or a waterproof paint or varnish. If the outer shell is a plastic film, it is preferably shrunk onto the element(s) it encloses, either thermally or by applying negative pressure.

[0020] In the case of a staircase with a steel supporting structure, as an alternative or in addition to the above-mentioned measures, the lateral connection can be hollow and filled with granulate, in particular sand, so that at least part of the sound energy is already absorbed in the supporting structure.

[0021] The invention thus has a plurality of preferred embodiments, as follows: 1. A staircase installed in a building, comprising a supporting body which is connected to a wall, floor, ceiling, or false ceiling of the building via at least one supporting body-side connection and one building-side connection, and at least one tread element carried by the supporting body, characterized in that at least one decoupling element supporting the tread element is provided between the at least one tread element and the supporting body in such a way that at least part of the force connection, preferably the entire force flow of the tread element to the supporting body takes place via the at least one decoupling element, and / or that the building-side connection has at least one element filled with a granulate and / or a receptacle filled with granulate in such a way that at least part of the force connection of the supporting body-side connection to the building takes place via the granulate,wherein the granulate of the building-side connection surrounds the supporting-body-side connection on at least two sides, and / or the supporting-body-side connection is directly or indirectly secured against lateral displacement and / or against lifting forces, and / or a separate trough-like component and / or a trough-like section of the building or the staircase are provided, which prevent lateral escape of the granulate. 2. A staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 1, wherein the at least one supporting-body-side connection is a supporting element extending substantially horizontally from the supporting body, and the building-side connection has a plurality of granulate-filled elements which surround the supporting element at least in sections. 3. A staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 2,wherein the building-side connection is designed as a sleeve and encloses the support element at least radially on all sides. 4. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 3, wherein the sleeve has a rectangular inner diameter and preferably also a rectangular outer diameter. 5. Staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 3 or 4, wherein the sleeve is closed on the wall side by means of an element filled with granulate. 6. Staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the support body consists of at least one support part made of steel. 7. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 6, wherein the support body has at least two support parts made of steel. 8. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 6 or embodiment 7, wherein at least one support-body-side connection, preferably all stair-side connections, are a pipe,in particular a steel tube, which surrounds a cavity, and the cavity is also closed at its end faces and filled with granules, wherein the cavity extends over at least part of the length of the tube. 9. A staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 8, wherein the cavity further contains at least one sound diffuser, preferably made of steel, which is in at least indirect mechanical contact with the inside of the steel tube and / or with at least one end-face closure and which is in mechanical contact with the granules. 10. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 6 to 9, wherein at least one upper or lower support-body-side connection forms a connection unit with a building-side connection or are parts of such a connection unit,in which the load transfer from the supporting-body-side connection occurs exclusively via the granulate, and in which the supporting-body-side connection is held in position at the building-side connection or on the building. 11. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 10, wherein the building-side connection has at least one element filled with granulate. 12. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 11, wherein the at least one element filled with granulate is enclosed laterally and preferably also on the underside by a dimensionally stable, force-absorbing housing. 13. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 11 or 12, wherein the element filled with granulate is connected at least indirectly to the building by means of first screws. 14. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 13,wherein the support-body-side connection is screwed to the granulate-filled element by means of self-tapping second screws, wherein the first and second screws do not touch each other. 15. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 10 to 14, wherein the connection unit has a tensioning device that pretensions the support-body-side connection against the granulate of the building-side connection. 16. A staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 15, wherein the force is introduced from the tensioning device into the support-body-side connection via at least one further granulate-filled element and / or at least one elastic sound decoupling element. 17. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 15 or 16, wherein the tensioning device has at least two tensioning straps, several clamps, or at least one cover. 18. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 10 to 17,wherein the support-body-side connection comprises a force transmission plate. 19. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 1, wherein the support body is made of concrete or reinforced concrete. 20. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 19, wherein the support body has a landing which carries the at least one decoupling element, and the at least one tread element is force-fittingly connected to the decoupling element. 21. Staircase installed in a building according to embodiment 20, wherein the landing is designed as an upwardly open trough in which the at least one decoupling element is arranged such that its upper surface protrudes beyond the upper edge of the trough. 22. Staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 20 or 21, wherein the support body has a lower support surface,which forms a lower support-body-side connection and which rests on a granulate-filled element or a granulate bed. 23. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 21 or 22, wherein the support body has an upper support surface which forms an upper support-body-side connection and which rests on a granulate-filled element or a granulate bed. 24. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, wherein the support surface is the upper end surface of a recess. 25. A staircase installed in a building according to one of embodiments 22 to 24, wherein the granulate is enclosed laterally and preferably also on the underside by a dimensionally stable, force-absorbing enclosure, which can be designed as a separate enclosure element and / or as a recess in the support body or as a recess in the ceiling, the floor, or the intermediate ceiling.is enclosed. 26. A staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding embodiments, which further comprises a railing connected to the building and / or the supporting body via a plurality of connections, wherein the connections contain sound decoupling elements and / or sound-absorbing elements containing granules. 27. A staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one of the granule-filled elements and / or at least one of the decoupling elements has an elastic structural element surrounding at least one cavity, the at least one cavity of which is at least partially filled with the granules and which is enclosed on all sides. 28. A granule-filled element, in particular for use in a staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding embodiments,wherein the granules are completely enclosed by a water-impermeable layer. 29. Granule-filled element according to embodiment 28, wherein the water-impermeable layer forms the outer shell of the granule-filled element. 30. Granule-filled element according to embodiment 29, wherein the water-impermeable layer is a paint or varnish. 31. Granule-filled element according to embodiment 29, wherein the water-impermeable layer is a plastic film, which is preferably shrunk onto the material it surrounds. 32. Staircase for installation in a building, comprising a supporting body and a plurality of step elements carried by the supporting body, wherein the step elements each comprise a support connected to the supporting body, at least one decoupling element carried by this support, and a tread element carried by this decoupling element and connected to it in a force-fitting manner.wherein there is no direct contact between the tread element and the support. 33. Staircase according to embodiment 32, wherein the supports are trough-shaped. 34. Staircase according to embodiment 33, wherein the trough-shaped supports each have a front wall and a rear wall, wherein the front wall has a lower height than the rear wall. 35. Staircase according to embodiment 34, wherein the trough-shaped supports have an edge covering that overlaps the front wall. 36. Staircase according to one of embodiments 32 to 35, wherein the tread element rests flatly on the decoupling element. 37. Staircase for installation in a building with a supporting body and at least one supporting-body-side connection, which has a pipe, in particular a steel pipe, surrounding a cavity, wherein the cavity is also closed at its end faces and filled with granulate,wherein the cavity extends over at least part of the length of the tube. 38. Staircase for installation in a building according to embodiment 37, wherein at least one sound diffuser is additionally arranged in the tube, which is in mechanical contact with both the tube and the granulate. 39. Staircase for installation in a building according to embodiment 38, wherein the sound diffuser has a plurality of slats or wire sections. 40. Staircase for installation in a building according to embodiment 38, wherein the sound diffuser is made of steel wool. 41. Step element with a support having a base plate, at least one decoupling element carried by the support, and a tread element carried by the decoupling element and not in direct contact with the support. 42. Step element according to embodiment 41, wherein the support is trough-shaped. 43. Step element according to embodiment 42,wherein the support is made of sheet metal. 44. Step element according to embodiment 43, wherein the trough-like support is bent from a one-piece sheet metal blank. 45. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 44, wherein the base plate has at least one stiffening rib. 46. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 45, wherein the at least one decoupling element has a dynamic stiffness between 5 and 50 MN / m³. 47. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 46, wherein the tread element has a greater dynamic stiffness than the at least one decoupling element. 48. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 47, wherein the decoupling element is made of mineral wool, polystyrene, or a wood fiber material. 49. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 48, wherein the tread element is formed in at least two layers,so that it has an upper layer and an intermediate layer arranged between the upper layer and the decoupling element. 50. Step element according to embodiment 49, wherein the intermediate layer is glued to both the upper layer and the decoupling element. 51. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 50, wherein at least the upper layer of the tread element consists of wood, stone, or at least one tile. 52. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 51, wherein the tread element is glued over its entire surface to the decoupling element. 53. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 52, wherein the decoupling element is glued over its entire surface to the base plate. 54. Step element according to embodiment 52 or embodiment 53, wherein a residually elastic mass, in particular a bitumen filler, serves as the adhesive. 55. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 52 or according to embodiment 54 as far as related to embodiment 52,wherein the decoupling element is screwed to the base plate. 56. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 55, wherein the tread element is at least partially cast. 57. Step element according to one of embodiments 41 to 56, wherein at least one front decoupling element near the tread edge and at least one rear decoupling element remote from the tread edge are provided, wherein the at least one front decoupling element has a greater dynamic stiffness than the at least one rear decoupling element. 58. A single step installed in a building, comprising a single step element and at least one supporting body-side connection extending from this single step element, the end of which facing away from the single step element is received in a building-side connection, wherein the building-side connection has at least one element filled with a granulate such thatthat at least part of the frictional connection of the support element to the building is effected via the granulate. 59. A single step installed in a building according to embodiment 58, wherein the at least one element filled with granulate has an elastic structural element surrounding at least one cavity, the at least one cavity of which is at least partially filled with the granulate and which is enclosed on all sides. 60. A single step installed in a building according to embodiment 58 or embodiment 59, wherein the wall-side end of the support-body-side connection is surrounded at least in the radial direction by granulate-filled elements in the manner of a sleeve. 61. A single step installed in a building, in particular according to one of embodiments 58 to 60, comprising a single step element and at least one step-side connection extending from this single step element, which has a pipe, in particular a steel pipe,which surrounds a cavity, wherein the cavity is also closed at its end faces and filled with granules, wherein the cavity extends over at least part of the length of the pipe. 62. A single step installed in a building according to any one of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein its single step element is designed according to any one of embodiments 41 to 57. ,

[0022] The invention will now be described in more detail using preferred embodiments with reference to the figures. Herein: Figure 1 shows a section of a staircase with a metal supporting body and a step element in a schematic side view, Figure 2 shows the step element of the Figure 1 in an exposition representation, Figure 3 the step element from Figure 2in a schematic cross-section, Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a step element in a detailed sectional view, Figure 4a shows a further variation of a step element, Figure 4b shows a further variant of the step element, Figure 4c shows a further variant of the step element, Figure 5 shows a lateral connection of a support body, as shown in Figure 1 is shown in a schematic horizontal section, Figure 6 a section along the plane AA in Figure 5 , Figure 7 an alternative design of the building-side connection of the Figure 6 , Figure 8 a schematic longitudinal section through a staircase-side connection, Figure 9 a variation to the one in Figure 8 Shown in Figure 10, another variation to the one in Figure 8Shown, Figure 11 shows an upper connection of a supporting body of a staircase in a sectional view, Figure 12 shows a second embodiment of an upper connection of a supporting body of a staircase in a sectional view, Figure 13 shows a variation to that shown in Figure 12 Shown in Figure 14, another variation to the one in Figure 12 Shown in Figure 15, another variation to the one in Figure 12 Shown, Figure 16 a section through a section of a staircase whose supporting body is made of concrete or reinforced concrete, Figure 17 an alternative design of the staircase of the Figure 16 using step elements as shown in Figure 4 Figure 18 shows a lower connection of a staircase as shown in Figure 16 Figure 19 shows a variation to the one shown in Figure 18 Shown, Figure 20 an upper connection of a staircase, as shown in Figure 9 Figure 21 shows a variation to the one shown in Figure 20 Violins, Figure 22a variation on the one in Figure 21 Shown, Figure 23 a lateral connection of a staircase, as shown in Figure 16 which is similar to the connection of the Figures 5 to 7 , Figure 24 a section along the plane BB in Figure 23 , Figure 25 a structural element having several hollow chambers, which has several chambers filled with granulate, in a sectional view, Figure 26 the section along the plane CC in Figure 26 , Figure 27 a steel supporting body of a staircase of the prior art in a schematic representation, Figure 28 a plan view of the Figure 27 Shown from direction R, Figure 29 in Figure 27 Shown after the tread elements have been arranged on the support body, Figure 30 in Figure 29 Shown in one of the Figure 28 corresponding view, Figure 31, detail D from Figure 29, Figure 32 a single step which is connected to a wall according to the invention, and Figure 33 a section along the plane DD in Figure 32 .

[0023] For a better understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the Figures 29 to 31 addressed the state of the art: The Figures 27 and 28shows the supporting body 12 of a staircase, using the example of a two-stringer staircase, which extends from a floor B to a ceiling D in a highly schematic representation. The supporting body 12 essentially consists of two supporting parts 12a, 12b, which can for example consist of welded steel profiles, and connecting webs 13 which connect the two supporting parts 12a, 12b to one another. The supporting body 12 stands at its lower end on a section of a floor B of the building and rests at its upper end on a ceiling D, so that an upper and a lower connection are formed. Furthermore, there are lateral connections which connect one of the supporting parts (here the second supporting part 12b) to a wall W. For this purpose, supporting elements 16 (for example in the form of bolts or hollow tubes) extend from the supporting body 12 and form the supporting body-side connections.These extend into holes or recesses in the wall W, which form the appropriate building connections. Typically, the supporting body 12 is prefabricated and installed in the building in its prefabricated state.

[0024] To complete the staircase, tread elements 20 (mostly made of wood) are arranged on the steps of the supporting body 12, as shown in the Figures 29 and 30 As can be seen from the Figure 31 The tread elements 20 are connected to the support body 12 by means of fastening bolts 60 and nuts 62. It is previously known to arrange rubber elements for shell decoupling between each step element 40 and the support body 12.

[0025] The Figure 1 shows an inventive improvement of the Figure 31 Shown in one of the Figure 31 corresponding representation. For further explanation, reference is also made to the Figures 2 and 3 As you can see, the tread element 20 of the Figure 31replaced by a step element 40, which consists of at least 3 elements, namely a support 42, which in the embodiment shown is trough-shaped, a decoupling element 44 and a tread element 20.

[0026] First, the trough-like support 42 will be discussed: The trough-like support 42 can be made of sheet steel and has a front wall 42a, a rear wall 42b, side walls 42c, and a base plate 42d. For attachment to the support body 12, in the illustrated embodiment, fastening bolts 60 extend from the base plate 42d, which are secured to the support body 12 with nuts 62. If other types of connection between the support body 12 and support 42 are selected, for example welding or direct screwing, the fastening bolts 60 can of course be omitted. It should also be noted at this point that, although a trough-like design of the support 42 is generally clearly preferred for reasons of inherent rigidity, embodiments are also conceivable in which the support 42 consists exclusively of the base plate 42d.

[0027] For further decoupling, elastic elements can be arranged between the carrier 42 and the support body 12 and / or between the nuts 62 and the support body 12 (not shown).

[0028] Furthermore, a decoupling element 44 is provided. This decoupling element 44 preferably has a dynamic stiffness between 5 and 50 MN / m³ and can, in particular, be a panel made of mineral wool, polystyrene, or a wood fiber material. Preferably, the underside of the decoupling element is fully bonded to the base plate 42d. A residually elastic adhesive, such as a bitumen adhesive, is used as the adhesive, which additionally dampens the sound of the sheet metal tray.

[0029] The decoupling element 44 supports the tread element 20 on its upper side and is also connected to it, in particular by full-surface bonding, for which a residually elastic adhesive can also be used. The tread element 20 rests almost completely on the decoupling element 44, so that it does not have to absorb any bending stresses or the like. Accordingly, the material of the tread element 20 can be selected almost arbitrarily; for example, it can be a tile, a piece of parquet, a thin stone slab, a relatively thin wooden board, or the like. The full-surface bonding greatly reduces the vibrational capacity of the tread element, and sound energy is diverted into the decoupling element.

[0030] The Figure 4 shows (in greater detail) another embodiment of a step element 40, which is designed similarly to the step element of the Figures 2 and 3 . The differences to Figure 3The following are the features of the embodiment shown: The tread element 20 is somewhat shorter so that it has no overhang. The front wall 42a of the trough-like support 42 is designed with a lower height than the rear wall 42b. Furthermore, parallel stiffening ribs 41 are provided, which extend from the base plate 42d. This provides several "parallel-connected" decoupling elements 44, each of which is fully bonded with its upper and lower surfaces to the base plate 42d and the tread element 20 (adhesive layers 46, 47). Silicone joints 56 serve for sealing.

[0031] The Figure 4ashows a variation of the one just described. Here, the tread element 20 is designed in two layers, namely it consists of a visible upper layer 20a and a concealed intermediate layer 20b. The upper layer 20a can be made of tiles, stone, or parquet, for example. In the specific embodiment shown, the intermediate layer is a screed layer poured directly onto the decoupling element. Lateral decouplings 58, which can be made of silicone, serve for lateral formwork. The upper layer 20a can be applied to the still-damp screed, creating a material-tight connection. Subsequent gluing is also possible, however. It is also possible to manufacture the tread element exclusively from screed (which can also be colored), so that it is visible. Here, too, a residually elastic adhesive layer is preferably provided between the decoupling element and the base plate.

[0032] The Figure 4bshows a further variation. In the specific example shown, no intermediate layer is provided, but this would also be possible here. The main difference to the examples of Figures 4 and 4aconsists in the fact that two different decoupling elements are provided, namely at least one front decoupling element 44a and at least one rear decoupling element 44b. In the concrete embodiment shown, exactly one front decoupling element 44a and two rear decoupling elements 44b are present. The rear decoupling elements 44b can be designed as just described, while the front decoupling element 44a has a greater dynamic rigidity than the rear decoupling elements 44b. The front decoupling element can, in particular, be a cut from a rubber chip mat, although other materials are of course also possible. This prevents the tread element 20 from noticeably giving way when stepping on the tread edge. In this context, it should be noted that the highest loads generally occur at the tread edge.The noise insulation is not negatively affected by the stiffer front decoupling element 44a (which is still less stiff than the tread element).

[0033] As in Figure 4c As shown, the decoupling elements 44a, 44b can also be screwed to the support 42 so that they are pre-tensioned against the support. This also results in the desired sound deadening effect. The screws used for this purpose must, of course, not extend into the tread element 20. Such screwing is, of course, also possible when only one decoupling element or only one type of decoupling element is provided, as well as when an additional intermediate layer is provided.

[0034] With a view to the Figures 5 to 7 The connection between the supporting structure and the building is now discussed: How this is done with reference to the Figure 28As described above, the supporting body 12 is also connected to the wall W. For this purpose, lateral supporting body-side connections 16 (for example in the form of bolts or profiles (i.e. hollow)) extend horizontally into the wall W. According to the invention, the corresponding building-side connection has elements filled with granulate, which surround the section of the supporting body-side connection projecting into the wall at least radially, preferably (as shown) on all sides (i.e. also on the front side), thus forming a sleeve. In the embodiment of the Figures 5 and 6 The granulate-filled elements 22, which are arranged radially, are designed as individual tubes. In the illustrated embodiment, the granulate-filled elements 22 are held in a sleeve-like enclosure 23.

[0035] As in the alternative design of the Figure 7However, as shown, the lateral elements 22 filled with granulate can also be plate-shaped, so that the sleeve formed has a square cross-section.

[0036] It is preferable to fix the wall-side connection in the wall using swellable mortar.

[0037] Even if this is in the Figures 5 to 7 is not shown, an additional elastic element, which surrounds the granulate sleeve, for example, could also be provided here.

[0038] For further improvement or alternatively to the design of the wall-side connection just described, a support-side connection (in this case preferably all staircase-side connections) can be designed as a pipe 100 - particularly made of steel - filled with granulate 31. This is shown in Figure 8shown schematically. The tube 100 encloses a cavity filled with granules, which are closed on both sides by an end piece 102, 104. The granules used here are, in particular, quartz sand, but also steel granules (steel sand), or a mixture thereof.

[0039] To ensure good sound transmission from the pipe 100 into the granulate 31, the granulate preferably fills the entire cavity between the end pieces 102, 104 and is further preferably somewhat compacted. To achieve this, the first end piece 102 is first attached to one end of the pipe, for example, by welding, and then the granulate 31 is poured into the upright pipe and compacted, if necessary, by vibration. Subsequently, the second end piece 104, whose outer diameter essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the pipe 100, is pressed onto the granulate and then fixed to the pipe 100 (for example, also by welding). As a result, the cavity filled with granulate does not necessarily extend over the entire length of the pipe 100. The pipe can have a round or square cross-section.

[0040] To improve the introduction of sound energy into the granulate, at least one sound diffuser can be provided, which is in mechanical contact with both the tube 100 and / or at least one of the end pieces 102, 104 and the granulate. As shown in Figure 9 As shown, such sound diffusers can be designed, for example, in the form of slats 106 extending from the inner wall of the pipe, wires, or the like. Steel wool 108, which was introduced into the pipe before filling it with granulate, can also serve as a sound diffuser ( Figure 10 ).

[0041] The sound diffuser should always be made of metal, especially the same as the pipe 100 (usually steel), to ensure good sound transmission and also to prevent corrosion.

[0042] Such a pipe filled with granulate can serve as a lateral support body-side connection, but - as described in more detail below - can also form an upper or lower support body-side connection or a part of such.

[0043] Typically, the upper and lower ends of the supporting body 12 are also connected to the building. It is preferred that the force transmission here also takes place exclusively via granulate. Figure 11shows an exemplary embodiment for connecting the upper end of the support body 12 to a ceiling D (the connection of the lower end to a floor or a suspended ceiling can be carried out in the same way). The connection on the support body side is formed by a section of the support body 12 itself, namely by an end surface. This rests directly or indirectly on an element 22 filled with granulate, which in turn rests directly or indirectly on the ceiling D. Of course, several superimposed elements filled with granulate can also be provided. In the exemplary embodiment shown, three elements 22 filled with granulate are provided. Fixing is achieved via two sets of screws, namely first screws 52a, which connect the lowest of the elements 22 filled with granulate to the ceiling D, and second screws 52b, which connect the support body 12 to the uppermost element 22 filled with granulate.The first and second screws must not touch each other to prevent direct sound transmission. The second screws 52b are preferably self-tapping screws, which achieve a high pull-out force and a good seal against granulate leakage. The granulate-filled elements are preferably glued together. As can be seen, here too, the frictional connection is achieved exclusively via the granulate of the granulate-filled elements.

[0044] In many applications, the granulate-filled elements or the interconnected, particularly screwed, packages of these elements should have a waterproof outer shell (not shown in the figures). This can be a paint / varnish or a plastic film. In the case of a dry-installed platform support, such a waterproof outer shell could possibly be omitted; however, a cover should then be provided to protect against later (accidental) water penetration.

[0045] By screwing the lowest element 22 filled with granulate to the building (here the ceiling) and by screwing the supporting body 12 to the uppermost element 22 filled with granulate, the supporting body 12 is secured against lateral displacement and against lifting off upwards.

[0046] Figure 12shows a variation of the above-described structure. Here, at least two granulate-filled elements 22 are provided, the lower one being slightly larger than the upper one, so that it can be attached to the building by means of clamps 110, thus eliminating the need to drill through it, thus eliminating the risk of sand escaping downwards.

[0047] In principle, the supporting body could, as in Figure 11 shown, be directly screwed to the upper of the two elements filled with granulate, but in the embodiment shown a different approach is taken: The support body-side connection has a tube filled with granulate and preferably at least one sound diffuser, as described with reference to the Figures 8 to 10described above, and a force transmission plate 112 adjoining it, which can be identical to the first end piece 102. Thus, as with the lateral connection described above, sound absorption occurs in the support-side connection and in the building-side connection. Of course, improved sound insulation compared to the state of the art could already be achieved with one of the two measures mentioned, but the "in-series connection" shown is ideal.

[0048] The Figure 13shows a variation of what has just been described, in which the supporting body of the staircase is even better secured against lateral displacement and lifting forces. A tensioning device, here in the form of a hood 114, is provided, which presses indirectly from above onto the force transmission plate 112. In order to prevent sound transmission from the force transmission plate 112 via the hood into the building, the force connection takes place via at least one elastic sound decoupling element 116 and / or via at least one element 22 filled with granulate. Preferably, the element 22 filled with granulate rests directly on the force transmission plate 112, so that it can introduce sound from both surfaces into a granulate-filled element 22 for dissipation. In order to pretension the hood 114 with a defined force (for example, using a torque wrench), elastic washers 118 can be arranged beneath the fastening points.In addition to providing effective protection against lateral displacement and lifting forces, the illustrated embodiment has the advantage that the granulate-filled elements 22 are essentially protected from all sides and that nothing needs to be screwed into them. Instead of a hood, several tension straps or clamps can also be provided as tensioning devices.

[0049] The Figure 14 shows a variation to the one in Figure 13Shown. Here, the lower elements filled with granulate are enclosed at the bottom and sides by a trough-like, force-absorbing enclosure element 120, so that no granulate can escape laterally and settlement of the stairs is prevented. The enclosure element can be made, in particular, of sheet steel. The force transmission plate has a smaller surface area than the free cross-section of the enclosure element, so that direct (and thus sound-transmitting) contact between the force transmission plate 112 and the enclosure element 120 is excluded. In this case, it would also be possible in principle to fill the enclosure element 120 directly with the granulate. In this case, it is recommended to seal the joint between the force transmission plate 112 and the enclosure element with an elastic material such as silicone.

[0050] In the Figure 15In the embodiment shown, the granulate of the building-side connection is accommodated in a recess in the building (floor or ceiling) designed as a trough. This saves space and also reduces the need for a less stable enclosure element, since, with a suitable fit, lateral forces can be transmitted directly into the building. In this case, it is even conceivable to dispense with a separate enclosure element; the enclosure is then formed directly by the wall of the recess.

[0051] In all cases of Figures 11 to 15 The connection on the supporting body side and the connection on the building side form a connection unit.

[0052] The Figure 16shows an application of one aspect of the invention to a staircase whose supporting body 12 is made of concrete or reinforced concrete. Here, each landing has a recess 24 in which at least one decoupling element 44 is accommodated, which, as described with reference to Figures 4 , 4a This decoupling element 44 directly or indirectly supports the tread element 20, so that the effect is as described above. Here, too, the tread element 20 is not in direct contact with the support body 12. Of course, a seal, for example made of silicone, can also be provided here.

[0053] The Figure 17 shows an alternative to the Figure 9 Here are step elements 40 as they are shown with reference to the Figures 2 to 4a described, arranged on the shoulders of the supporting body 12 and force-fittingly connected to the supporting body 12 made of concrete or reinforced concrete.

[0054] A staircase whose supporting structure 12 is made of concrete or reinforced concrete almost always has both an upper and a lower connection to the surrounding building. Here, too, it is preferred that these connections be designed such that the building-side connections have at least one element 22 filled with granulate, through which the frictional connection is established. Examples of a lower connection are shown in the Figures 18 and 19 shown, an example of an upper connection is shown in Figure 20 shown. In the illustrated embodiments, an elastic element 48 is provided below the at least one granulate-filled element 22. This may often be preferred, but is not always mandatory.

[0055] As can be seen, the granulate-filled elements 22 are accommodated in a recess of the supporting body 12. Thus, with a tight fit or after grouting, the supporting body itself can absorb lateral forces, so that the granulate-filled elements, whose casings are usually made of cardboard or a similar non-rigid material, can also be used in supports for heavy concrete or reinforced concrete stairs.

[0056] As in Figure 21 As shown, an enclosure element 120 may be provided alternatively or additionally. This applies to both the upper and lower end supports.

[0057] As in Figure 22As shown, a cavity can also extend into the wall or floor of the housing, in which the granulate (which here can also be in the form of a granulate-filled element or in the form of a sand bed) is arranged, thus preventing lateral escape. Here, too, an additional enclosure element can be provided.

[0058] Due to the greater weight, in the case of a concrete or reinforced concrete staircase, the lateral enclosure (enclosure) (by the supporting structure, by the building or by a separate enclosure element) is even more important than in the case of a lightweight staircase.

[0059] Even in the case of a reinforced concrete staircase, a connection, in particular a lateral connection, can be made via a pin-shaped support-body-side connection 16, which extends laterally from the support body 12. As shown in the Figures 23 and 24As shown, it is also possible here for the latter to rest directly or indirectly on one or more elements 22 filled with granulate, so that here too the force connection occurs exclusively via the granulate. The seal 56 can be a foam. Here, too, the seal does not contribute to force exclusion. As shown, an enclosure element 120 should also be provided here.

[0060] At least some of the elements 22 filled with granulate (in particular those on which the load does not lie directly) can also be used as in the Figures 25 and 26The structure shown is as follows: This element has a structural body made of an elastic material, through which at least one cavity (usually several cavities) filled with granules extends. The end faces are closed with closures. An element with this structure could be installed horizontally (with horizontally extending cavities) or vertically (with vertically extending cavities). Here, the force connection occurs partly (usually predominantly) through the granules, although part of the force connection can also occur via the structural body, with its elasticity ensuring that part of the force connection occurs via the granules, which is necessary to transfer the sound energy to be dissipated into them. In this case, the outer shell of the granule-filled element 22 is "inherently" waterproof.Such an element 22 filled with granules could (although this is not considered ideal according to current knowledge) also serve as a decoupling element 44 or as part of such.

[0061] As already mentioned, for ideal results it is generally preferable that damping is provided both in the area of ​​the tread elements and in the area of ​​the building connections, but this is not mandatory. In particular, the provision of step elements, such as those found in Figures 1 to 4a described, and / or the use of pipes filled with granulate in the area of ​​the connections brings about a significant improvement in the acoustic properties.

[0062] The Figures 32 and 33 show the application of the invention to a single step, in which a single step element 18 is connected to a wall W by means of supporting elements 16. The single step element 18 can be used as a step element as in the Figures 2 to 4adescribed, or it can be a conventional single step element made of wood. The connection of the supporting elements 16 to the wall is carried out as above with reference to the Figures 5 to 7 described.

[0063] To further improve sound insulation, it is recommended to also soundproof the connection points of a railing to the supporting structure and / or the enclosure. This can be achieved, in particular, by using elastic, sound-decoupling elements or by using pipes filled with granulate, as described in detail. List of reference symbols

[0064] 12 Supporting body 12a First supporting part (steel profile) 12b Second supporting part (steel profile) 13 Connecting web 14 Upper supporting body connection 15 Lower supporting body connection 16 Lateral supporting body connection (bolt) 18 Single step element 20 Tread element 20a Upper layer 20b Intermediate layer 22 Element filled with granulate 23 Border (sleeve) 24 Trough 30 Shell 31 Granulate 32 Honeycomb 40 Step element 42 (tub-like) support 42 Front wall 42b Rear wall 42c Side wall 42d Base plate 44 Decoupling element 44 Front decoupling element 44b Rear decoupling element 46 First adhesive layer 47 Second adhesive layer 48 Elastic element 50Screw 56Seal (silicone) 58Lateral decoupling 60Fastening bolt 62Nut 70Elastic structural body with cavities 72Closure 100Pipe 102First end piece 104Second end piece 106Lamella 108Steel wool 110Clamp 112Force transmission plate 114Cover 116Sound decoupling element 118Washer 120Separate enclosure BBloor DDecor WWallZZwischenwand

Claims

1. Staircase installed in a building, comprising a supporting body (12) which is connected to a wall (W), a floor (B), a ceiling (D) or a false ceiling (ZD) of the building via at least one supporting body-side connection (14, 15, 16) and a building-side connection, and at least one tread element (20) carried by the supporting body (12), characterized by that between the at least one tread element (20) and the support body (12) at least one decoupling element (44) supporting the tread element (20) in a planar manner is provided such that at least part of the force connection, preferably the entire force flow of the tread element (20) to the support body (12) takes place via the at least one decoupling element (44), and / or thatthe building-side connection has at least one element (22) filled with a granulate and / or a receptacle filled with granulate such that at least part of the frictional connection of the supporting body-side connection (14, 15, 16) to the building takes place via the granulate, wherein the granulate of the building-side connection surrounds the supporting body-side connection on at least two sides, and / or the supporting body-side connection is secured directly or indirectly against lateral displacement and / or against lifting forces, and / or a separate trough-like component and / or a trough-like section of the building or the staircase are provided, which preclude any lateral escape of the granulate.

2. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe at least one support-body-side connection is a support element (16) extending substantially horizontally from the support body, and the building-side connection has a plurality of granulate-filled elements (22) which surround the support element (16) at least in sections.

3. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 2, characterized in that the building-side connection is designed as a sleeve and encloses the support element (16) at least radially on all sides, wherein the sleeve preferably has a rectangular inner diameter and preferably also a rectangular outer diameter and wherein the sleeve is preferably closed on the wall side by means of an element filled with granulate.

4. Staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe support body (12) consists of at least one support part (12a, 12b) made of steel, wherein the support body (12) preferably has at least two support parts (12a, 12b) made of steel.

5. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 4, characterized by that at least one connection on the supporting body side, preferably all connections on the stair side, has a pipe (100), in particular a steel pipe, which surrounds a hollow space, wherein the hollow space is also closed at its end faces and filled with granulate (31), wherein the hollow space extends over at least part of the length of the pipe (100), wherein the hollow space preferably further contains at least one sound diffuser, preferably made of steel, which is in at least indirect mechanical contact with the inside of the steel pipe and / or with at least one end-face closure and which is in mechanical contact with the granulate (31).

6. Staircase installed in a building according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one upper or one lower support-body-side connection forms a connection unit with a building-side connection or are parts of such a connection unit, in which the load is transferred from the support-body-side connection exclusively via the granulate (31) and in which the support-body-side connection is held in a position-secured manner on the building-side connection or on the building, wherein the building-side connection has at least one element (22) filled with granulate.

7. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one element filled with granulate is enclosed laterally and preferably also on the underside by a dimensionally stable, force-absorbing housing.

8. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in thatthe element filled with granulate is connected at least indirectly to the building by means of first screws (52a), wherein the supporting body-side connection is preferably screwed to the element filled with granulate (22) by means of self-tapping second screws (52b), wherein the first and second screws do not touch each other.

9. Staircase installed in a building according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the connection unit has a tensioning device which pretensions the support-body-side connection against the granulate of the building-side connection, wherein the force is introduced from the tensioning device into the support-body-side connection preferably via at least one further element (22) filled with granulate and / or at least one elastic sound decoupling element (116).

10. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 9, characterized in thatthe tensioning device has at least two tensioning straps, several clamps or at least one hood (114), and / or the support body-side connection has a force transmission plate (112).

11. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 1, wherein the supporting body (12) is made of concrete or reinforced concrete, characterized in that - the support body has a lower support surface which forms a lower support body-side connection (15) and which rests on an element (22) filled with granules or a granulate bed, - the support body has an upper support surface which forms an upper support body-side connection (14) and which rests on an element (22) filled with granules or a granulate bed.

12. Staircase installed in a building according to claim 11, characterized by that the support surfaces are each the upper end surface of a recess, and / or thatthe granulate is enclosed laterally and preferably also on the underside by a dimensionally stable, force-absorbing housing, which can be designed as a separate housing element (120) and / or as a recess in the support body (12) or as a recess in the ceiling, the floor or the intermediate ceiling.

13. A staircase installed in a building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a railing which is connected to the building and / or the supporting body (12) via several connections, characterized in that the compounds contain sound decoupling elements and / or sound-absorbing elements containing granules.

14. Granulate-filled element (22), particularly for use in a staircase installed in a building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe granulate is completely enclosed by a water-impermeable layer, wherein the water-impermeable layer preferably forms the outer shell of the granulate-filled element (22).

15. Staircase for installation in a building with a supporting body (12) and at least one supporting body-side connection (16) which has a tube (100), in particular a steel tube, which surrounds a cavity, characterized in that the cavity is also closed at its end faces and filled with granules (31), wherein the cavity extends over at least part of the length of the tube (100), wherein in the tube (100) preferably at least one sound diffuser is additionally arranged, which is in mechanical contact with both the tube (100) and the granules (31).

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