Drainage article, drainage device, method for producing a drainage article and concrete article

Abstract

The invention relates to a drainage article, in particular a channel (10), having at least one drainage body (11) formed as a single piece from a mortar / concrete mixture (GM), wherein the drainage body (11) has at least one first region (12) filled by the mortar / concrete mixture (GM), wherein the drainage body (11) has at least one second region (14) with a fine structure (15) and filled by a mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) to form the fine structure (15), wherein, between the two regions (12, 14), at least one transition section (16) is provided which separates at least the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) in the first region (12) from the mortar portion (MA) in the second region (14).

Description

[0001] Drainage object, drainage device, method for producing a drainage object and concrete object

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] The invention relates to a drainage article, a drainage device, a method for producing a drainage article, and a concrete article. A drainage article according to the preamble of patent claim 1 is known, for example, from JP H 11 291 231 A.

[0004] Drainage devices, such as gutters, inlets, shafts, or the like, used to drain surface water can be manufactured in a variety of ways. Such devices can be made of a metal material, for example. However, it is often more practical to manufacture the drainage devices from a cast material by pouring the cast material into a mold. This creates very stable cast bodies. Concrete is often used as the cast material.

[0005] For example, this is the case with the aforementioned JP H 11 291 231 A, in which a U-shaped channel is formed from precast concrete. During production, the precast concrete is poured from above into a formwork that replicates the U-shaped channel. Due to its viscosity, the cement paste in the precast concrete tends to adhere to the mold surfaces on the inside of the channel. This creates a cement-rich, less sandy mortar layer along the mold surfaces.

[0006] As a result, the surface of the inside of the U-shaped gutter is covered with the mortar layer and forms a smooth surface.

[0007] Furthermore, EP 0 009 056 A1 discloses a tubular component formed using concrete mortar. During the production of the component, concrete mortar is poured into a mold from above and compacted by vibration or shaking. Another example of a drainage element made of concrete is described in DE 20 2016 105 078 U1, in which the drainage element is a cover, for example, of a gutter element. The drainage element has several longitudinal webs, between which drainage openings are formed.

[0008] Drainage objects, such as those described above, often have fine structures with a thin wall thickness. Such fine structures can be connections for pipes, extensions, retaining pockets, or the like. However, these are difficult to manufacture to the required quality. Therefore, in practice, experts generally recommend that the wall thickness of the structure to be formed should typically be a factor of three greater than the largest grain size of the concrete material. This has the particular disadvantage that when using a coarse-grained concrete material, the fine structures must be dimensioned with correspondingly thick walls. Otherwise, the fine structures will be insufficiently filled with concrete material during production, resulting in imprecise and coarse contours of the fine structure. Furthermore, the fine structures exhibit reduced stability.

[0009] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a drainage article with at least one fine structure that exhibits increased stability and improved surface quality. The invention is further based on the object of providing a drainage device, a method for producing a drainage article, and a concrete article.

[0010] According to the invention, this object is achieved with respect to the drainage object by the subject matter of claim 1 or claim 10. With respect to the drainage device, the method, and the concrete object, the above-mentioned object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 12 (device), claim 13 (method), and claim 17 (concrete object).

[0011] Specifically, the object is achieved by a drainage object, in particular a gutter, with at least one drainage body formed in one piece from a mortar / concrete mixture. The drainage body has at least one first region filled by the mortar / concrete mixture. The drainage body has at least one second region with a fine structure, which is filled by a mortar portion of the mixture to form the fine structure, wherein at least one transition section is provided between the two regions, which separates at least the concrete portion of the mixture in the first region from the mortar portion in the second region.

[0012] A key concept of the invention is that the second region of the drainage body, and thus the fine structure, is formed by the mortar portion of the mortar / concrete mixture. This has the advantage that, in contrast to the first region of the drainage body, the fine structure has a finer material structure. The fine structure is advantageously almost completely filled with the mortar portion of the mixture. The fine structure therefore has few to no voids and thus an increased surface quality. This is particularly advantageous if the fine structure comprises at least one functional surface that is intended to be particularly smooth. Furthermore, the fine structure has increased stability. The material of the mortar portion is preferably homogeneously distributed in the fine structure. The drainage body preferably has a plurality of second regions with at least one fine structure.

[0013] It is known from the prior art that concrete material contains a proportion of larger grains than mortar material. In other words, concrete material is coarser-grained than mortar material, which is why finer, i.e., smaller, structures can be produced with mortar material. In principle, any concrete material can contain a proportion of mortar. However, components manufactured from concrete material are generally designed such that the wall thickness of the component is essentially a factor of three greater than the largest grain of the concrete material. This has the disadvantage that the formation of fine structures is only possible with poor quality and reduced stability, or even not possible at all.

[0014] In the drainage article according to the invention, it is therefore advantageous that the drainage body is formed from a mixture of mortar and concrete. The drainage body is formed in one piece. In other words, the drainage body is monolithic. According to the invention, the mixture has at least one concrete component and at least one mortar component, which are mixed with one another. The mortar / concrete mixture is therefore a dual material with at least one concrete component and at least one mortar component. The concrete component and the mortar component preferably comprise at least one binder, at least one granular material as a mineral aggregate, and water. For example, the binder can be cement, lime, gypsum, clay, synthetic resin, and / or lime-cement. Sand and / or gravel can be used as the mineral aggregate. Other binders or aggregates are possible.It is also possible to use polymer concrete for the mortar / concrete mixture.

[0015] In addition to the grain material of the mortar portion, the concrete portion preferably comprises another grain material that has a larger grain size than the grain material of the mortar portion. Alternatively, the additional grain material of the concrete portion may be identical to the grain material of the mortar portion, but at least have a larger grain size.

[0016] The concrete portion preferably additionally comprises the granular material of the mortar portion. In other words, the concrete portion preferably comprises all components of the mortar portion in addition to the additional granular material of a larger grain size. In other words, the concrete portion comprises one and the same granular material as the mortar portion, wherein the concrete portion additionally comprises at least one additional, in particular larger, granular material with a grain size that is larger than a, in particular maximum, grain size of the granular material of the mortar portion. The additional granular material can be the same mineral aggregate as that of the mortar portion or a further mineral aggregate.

[0017] According to the invention, the first and second regions of the drainage body differ in that the first region is formed from the mortar / concrete mixture, i.e. the concrete and mortar portion, and the second region consists of the mortar portion. Particularly preferably, the second region consists only of a mortar portion of the mortar / concrete mixture. Or in other words, the fine structure is preferably formed only from a mortar portion of the mixture. The drainage body preferably has a wall thickness in the first region that is greater than a wall thickness in the second region. In other words, the fine structure preferably has a wall thickness that is smaller than a wall thickness of the first region. The first region preferably comprises a coarse structure, i.e. at least one section with a greater wall thickness than the fine structure.

[0018] The first region can, for example, form a base body, in particular a base, of the drainage object. In particular, the base body can comprise at least one guide region for draining a liquid, e.g., water. It is possible for the first region to comprise a channel structure. Alternatively or additionally, the first region can be a base body of an inlet box or a shaft. Other base bodies of drainage objects are possible.

[0019] In the context of the invention, a fine structure is understood to mean a structurally formed shape that preferably has at least a smaller wall thickness than a shape of the drainage body in the first region. The fine structure preferably comprises a thin-walled shape in the second region. The fine structure is preferably at least one contour protruding from the drainage body. The fine structure is preferably formed by at least one thin-walled contour. The fine structure can have a functional surface, in particular a contact surface and / or a sealing surface. The fine structure preferably has a smooth outer contour.

[0020] The fine structure is preferably a functional element of the drainage body. The fine structure, in particular the functional element, can have at least one extension and / or at least one web. Alternatively or additionally, the fine structure, in particular the functional element, can comprise at least one channel frame and / or at least one locking pocket and / or at least one connecting extension for connecting two adjacent drainage bodies.

[0021] The transition section is provided between the first region and the second region. In other words, the transition section lies between the first region and the second region. The transition section forms the region in which the first region of the drainage body transitions into the fine structure. The transition section is preferably a plane lying between the two regions. In the transition section, the concrete portion is separated from the mortar portion. In other words, on the side of the first region, the mortar / concrete mixture borders the transition section, and on the side of the fine structure, only a mortar portion of the mixture borders the transition section. In other words, the transition section represents a separation between the mortar / concrete mixture in the first region and the mortar portion of the mixture of the fine structure.

[0022] Alternatively, it is possible for the transition section to be a volume region into which grains of the additional, larger-sized granular material of the concrete portion protrude on the side of the first region. The remaining volume of the volume region is filled by the mortar portion of the second region, in particular the fine structure. Preferably, the volume region is essentially completely filled by the mortar portion of the fine structure. It is thus possible for the transition section to be at least partially part of the second region, i.e., the fine structure.

[0023] The transition section is preferably arranged at a base of the fine structure. The transition section preferably forms a transition from a greater wall thickness of the first region to a smaller wall thickness of the fine structure.

[0024] Preferably, the drainage device is a channel for surface drainage. Alternatively, the drainage device can also be part of an inlet box for point drainage. Alternatively, the drainage device can be provided as part of a shaft. Generally, the drainage device serves as an individual part or as a component of a drainage system used to drain surface water. Alternatively, the drainage device can be used as part of an access shaft. Other applications are possible.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the mortar portion and the concrete portion of the mixture comprise at least one bound granular material. As described above, the bound granular material of the concrete portion and the mortar portion of the mixture are one and the same, with the concrete portion preferably comprising another granular material with a larger grain size. Preferably, a maximum grain size of the granular material of the mortar portion is smaller than the minimum grain size of a / the another granular material of the concrete portion. In other words, the concrete portion comprises another, in particular larger, granular material with a grain size that is larger than the grain size of the granular material of the mortar portion. Particularly preferably, the grain size of the granular material of the concrete portion is larger than the grain size of the entire granular material of the mortar portion. Furthermore, the fine structure is preferably free of grains of the another granular material of the concrete portion.In this embodiment, the concrete portion has two grain materials with different maximum grain sizes.

[0026] In a further preferred embodiment, the fine structure has at least one wall thickness and at least one depth whose ratio is less than or equal to 1:1. This embodiment relates to the cross-section of the fine structure. In other words, the fine structure has a length protruding from the drainage body that is greater than or equal to the wall thickness of the fine structure. The depth or length of the fine structure is to be understood in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the direction of extension, of the fine structure. In this embodiment, the fine structure forms a protruding element or a protruding shape due to its depth or length. The advantage here is that the fine structure is sufficiently large so that a sufficiently large amount of the mortar portion can form the fine structure. This reduces blowholes during production of the article and thus increases the surface quality. The fine structure is also stable.

[0027] Preferably, the fine structure and / or the transition section has at least one constriction, in particular a narrowed wall thickness. In other words, the transition section and / or the fine structure can comprise a material constriction. Preferably, the constriction, in particular the narrowed wall thickness, is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional grain material of the concrete portion. This creates a clear separation between the mortar / concrete mixture of the first region of the drainage body and the fine structure.

[0028] Further preferably, the transition section, at least in sections, has a wall thickness that is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional, in particular larger, grain material present in the concrete portion. Additionally or alternatively, a / the wall thickness of the fine structure is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional grain material present in the concrete portion. In other words, the fine structure preferably comprises the grain material of the mortar portion, with the additional grain material of the concrete portion being omitted. Advantageously, a smooth surface of the fine structure is formed, with the fine structure as such having increased stability due to the almost void-free material structure.

[0029] The first region preferably has, at least in sections, a wall thickness that is greater than a grain size, in particular the maximum grain size, of the additional, in particular larger, grain material present in the concrete portion. The first region is formed by the mortar / concrete mixture. The first region thus forms a coarse structure that borders the fine structure. The first region preferably comprises a wall thickness that is greater than the wall thickness of the fine structure and / or the transition section. Due to the coarse material structure compared to the fine structure, the first region of the drainage body is designed to be robust.

[0030] Preferably, the minimum grain size of the additional, in particular larger, grain material of the concrete portion is greater than or equal to 2 mm, in particular from 2 mm to 32 mm. It is possible for the additional grain material of the concrete portion to have grains with different grain sizes that are greater than or equal to 2 mm. What is important in this embodiment is that at least the smallest grain of the grain material of the concrete portion is at least 2 mm in size. It is possible for the minimum grain size of the additional grain material of the concrete portion to be from 4 mm to 20 mm, in particular 4 mm to 10 mm, preferably from 4 mm to 8 mm. This ensures that during production, no grain of the additional grain material of the concrete portion fills the fine structure, but only the mortar portion with its smaller grain material.

[0031] Further preferably, the maximum grain size of the mortar component's grain material is less than or equal to 2 mm. In other words, the largest grain of the mortar component's grain material is a maximum of 2 mm in size. Conversely, this means that the mortar component can also include grains with a grain size between 0 mm and 2 mm. This ensures that during production, only the mortar component, with its fine grain material, fills the fine structure.

[0032] The wall thickness, in particular the constriction, of the transition section and / or the wall thickness of the fine structure is preferably smaller than the grain size of the grain material of the concrete portion. The wall thickness, in particular the constriction, of the transition section and / or the wall thickness of the fine structure can be smaller than the minimum grain size of the further grain material of the concrete portion. The wall thickness, in particular the constriction, of the transition section and / or the wall thickness of the fine structure can be up to 12 mm. The wall thickness, in particular the constriction, of the transition section and / or the wall thickness of the fine structure is preferably a maximum of 4 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1.8 mm, preferably a maximum of 1.6 mm.

[0033] It is possible that the wall thickness, especially the narrow section, of the transition section and / or the wall thickness of the fine structure is a maximum of 1.5 mm, in particular a maximum of 1.2 or a maximum of 1.0 mm. It is important that the grain size of the granular material of the concrete component is larger than the wall thickness of the fine structure and / or the transition section, especially the narrow section. In this case, the grain size of the concrete component can be the (minimum) grain size of the other (larger) granular material of the concrete component.

[0034] According to a secondary aspect, the invention relates to a drainage object, in particular a channel, comprising at least one drainage body formed integrally from a mortar / concrete mixture, wherein the drainage body has at least one guide region for draining liquids, in particular water. The guide region comprises at least one surface section, which at least partially has a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a of less than or equal to 0.7 pm.

[0035] This ensures that the drainage element has a very high surface quality, especially in the guide area for liquid drainage. During use, this prevents or at least significantly reduces the adhesion of dirt and thus deposits. In the case of a gutter, the surface section can, for example, be part of a gutter base.

[0036] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface section of the guide region has, at least in sections, a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a of less than or equal to 0.4 pm, in particular a maximum of 0.2 pm. This increases the fluid's flowability and further reduces the risk of deposits. Furthermore, the service life of the drainage device is increased, as the smooth surface reduces the risk of corrosion and thus reduces tears and chipping.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment, the drainage body additionally has at least one outer surface, in particular several outer surfaces, to which a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a of less than or equal to 0.7 pm. This outer surface is smooth, thus providing an aesthetic appearance for the drainage body.

[0038] Preferably, the surface section of the guide area and / or the outer surface have a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a from 0 pm to 0.7 pm, in particular 0 pm to 0.6 pm, preferably 0 pm to 0.5 pm. It is possible that the surface section of the guide area and / or the outer surface has a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a from 0 pm to 0.4 pm, in particular 0 pm to 0.3 pm. Alternatively, it is possible that the surface section of the guide area and / or the outer surface has a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R a from 0 pm to 0.2 pm, especially around 0.1 pm.

[0039] It is also possible for the upper surfaces, particularly the upper edges, of a gutter body, for example, a monolithic gutter or a gutter with at least one monolithic frame, to have surfaces with a surface quality with a mean roughness of less than 0.4 μm, preferably a maximum of 0.2 μm. Advantageously, fewer contaminants can settle on such smooth surfaces.

[0040] According to a further subordinate aspect, the invention relates to a drainage device with at least one drainage object according to one of the types described above.

[0041] According to a further subordinate aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a drainage object, in particular a gutter, with at least one mold for forming the drainage object. The mold has at least a first region, at least one second region with a fine structure and a retention region located therebetween. In the method according to the invention, a mortar / concrete mixture is provided and filled into the mold, wherein the mortar / concrete mixture fills the first region of the mold and the retention region retains the concrete portion of the mixture such that a mortar portion of the mixture fills the second region of the mold to form the fine structure. In other words, the fine structure is formed by a mortar portion of the mixture.

[0042] The method according to the invention is preferably used to produce one of the drainage articles according to the invention. Alternatively, the method according to the invention can be used to produce a concrete article, in particular a light shaft, a shoe scraper tray, a separator, a pumping station and / or a lifting system, or the like.

[0043] The retention area serves to form a transition section of the drainage object. The retention area determines a wall thickness of the transition section. The retention area preferably has a maximum passage width that is smaller than the minimum grain size of the additional grain material of the concrete portion. In other words, the retention area preferably has a maximum passage width that is greater than or equal to the maximum grain size of the grain material of the mortar portion. The retention area forms the negative mold for the transition section of the drainage body. When the mold is filled with the mortar / concrete mixture, the retention area holds back the larger grains of the additional grain material of the concrete portion, so that only the fine-grained mortar portion flows into the second area and fills it.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the spatial distribution of the mortar portion and / or the concrete portion of the mixture in the mold occurs through the retention area. In other words, the retention area is preferably designed such that it allows the mortar portion to pass through, while the concrete portion remains entirely in the first area.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the retention area has at least one constriction such that, during a filling process, the mortar portion of the mixture passes through and at least the concrete portion of the mixture is retained. In one embodiment, the retention area has at least one sieve material and / or at least one filter material such that, during a filling process, the mortar portion of the mixture passes through and at least the concrete portion of the mixture is retained. This makes it possible to achieve wall thicknesses of the fine structure that are greater than the minimum grain size of the additional grain material of the concrete portion, while still filling the fine structure only with the mortar portion.

[0046] Regarding the dimensions of the retention area and the shape in the area of ​​the fine structure, reference is made to the dimensions described above, particularly the value ranges, regarding the transition section and the fine structure of the drainage body. Since the shape preferably represents the negative of the drainage body, it preferably has the internal dimensions described accordingly.

[0047] According to a further subordinate aspect, the invention relates to a concrete article for civil engineering, building construction, gardening and landscaping, wastewater treatment and / or building services, comprising at least one base body formed integrally from a mortar / concrete mixture. The base body has at least one first region filled by the mortar / concrete mixture. The base body further has at least one second region with a fine structure filled by a mortar portion of the mixture to form the fine structure, wherein at least one transition section is provided between the two regions, which separates at least the concrete portion of the mixture in the first region from the mortar portion in the second region.

[0048] The concrete object can have one or more features of the previously described preferred embodiments of the drainage object. Specifically, the base body of the concrete object can have one or more features of the previously described preferred embodiments of the drainage body of the drainage object. In general, the first region, the second region with the fine structure, and the transition section of the concrete object can have one or more features of the previously described preferred embodiments of the first region, the second region with the fine structure, and the transition section of the drainage body of the drainage object. The same applies to the mortar / concrete mixture.

[0049] The concrete object is, for example, at least part of a light shaft, a shoe scraper tray, a separator, a pumping station, and / or a lifting station. Other concrete objects are possible.

[0050] For further advantages of the drainage system, the method, and the concrete object, reference is made to the advantages explained in connection with the drainage object. Furthermore, the drainage system, the method, and the concrete object may alternatively or additionally have individual or a combination of several of the features previously mentioned in relation to the drainage object.

[0051] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The illustrated embodiments represent schematic examples of how the drainage article according to the invention can be designed.

[0052] In these show,

[0053] Fig. 1a is a plan view of a drainage article according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

[0054] Fig. lb an end face of the drainage object according to Fig. la;

[0055] Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a longitudinal section of the drainage article according to Fig. 1; and

[0056] Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the drainage object according to Fig. 1 in a schematic representation.

[0057] In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for identical and equivalent parts.

[0058] Fig. 1a shows a plan view of a drainage article according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the drainage article is a channel 10 for draining surfaces. The channel 10 has a drainage body 11, which is referred to below as the channel body 11. The channel body 11 is monolithic. In other words, the channel body 11 is formed in one piece. The channel body 11 consists of a hardened mortar / concrete mixture GM. The manufacturing process of the channel body 11 will be discussed in more detail later.

[0059] The channel body 11 is elongated. The channel body 11 comprises a channel bottom 27, which forms a base of the channel body 11. Furthermore, the channel body 11 has two opposite side walls 28, which protrude from the channel bottom 27, in particular substantially perpendicularly. Specifically, the side walls 28 are designed to stand on the channel bottom 27 in the installed position. The channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28 extend in the longitudinal direction of the channel body 11. The channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28 are made of one piece.

[0060] In Fig. 1b it can be seen that the side walls 28 each have a shoulder 31, in particular a frame, on their upper side 29 for receiving, for example, a gutter cover. The shoulder 31, in particular the frame, can be part of an insert or part of the monolithic gutter body 11. Alternatively, it is possible for the gutter body 11 to comprise a gutter cover section that is monolithically formed with the gutter base 27 and the side walls 28 and that connects the two upper sides 29 of the side walls 28 to one another. The gutter cover and the gutter cover section preferably comprise through openings so that surface water to be drained can flow into the gutter 10.

[0061] According to Fig. 1a and 1b, the channel 10 has a guide region 25 for draining surface water. The guide region 25 lies between the two side walls 28 and is delimited on the underside by the channel bottom 27. In other words, the channel bottom 27 and the two side walls 28 delimit the guide region 25. The guide region 25 runs over the entire length of the channel body 11. The guide region 25 comprises a channel base 32 and an inner side 33 of each of the side walls 28. The guide region 25 has, as can be seen in Fig. 3, a plurality of surface sections 26, 34, 35 with different surface qualities, which will be discussed in more detail later.

[0062] The channel body 11 of the channel 10 has a first region 12 that is completely filled with the mortar / concrete mixture GM. Furthermore, the channel body 11 has a plurality of second regions 14 that are filled only with a mortar portion MA of the mortar / concrete mixture GM. In other words, the first region 12 consists of a hardened mortar / concrete mixture GM, and the second region 14 consists of a hardened mortar portion MA of the mortar / concrete mixture GM. The first region 12 comprises at least the channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28. The second regions 14 each have a fine structure 15 that is filled with the mortar portion MA. In concrete terms, this means that the channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28 are formed by the mortar / concrete mixture GM and the fine structures 15 are formed by the mortar portion MA of the mortar / concrete mixture GM.

[0063] The mortar / concrete mixture GM used to form the channel body 11 comprises a concrete component BA and a mortar component MA, which are mixed together. The mortar / concrete mixture GM is a dual material. The concrete component BA and the mortar component MA comprise a binder, at least one mineral aggregate, and water. For example, the binder can be cement, lime, gypsum, clay, synthetic resin, and / or lime-cement. Sand and / or gravel can be used as mineral aggregates. Other binders or aggregates are possible.

[0064] The concrete portion BA comprises all the components of the mortar portion MA. The mortar portion MA comprises, as a mineral aggregate, a granular material with a maximum grain size of 2 mm. In other words, the largest grain of the granular material of the mortar portion MA is less than or equal to 2 mm. Preferably, the granular material of the mortar portion MA has a grain size of less than 2 mm. This mineral aggregate or granular material is also present in the concrete portion BA. In addition, the concrete portion BA comprises grains with a grain size greater than 2 mm. These grains are part of a further, in particular larger, granular material 17. The further granular material 17 can be the same mineral aggregate as that of the mortar portion MA or can be a further mineral aggregate. The grain size of the further granular material 17 of the concrete portion BA can be 2 mm to 32 mm, but preferably 4 mm to 8 mm.It is essential that the smallest grain of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA is larger than 2 mm.

[0065] Fig. 2 shows a detailed section of a longitudinal section through the channel according to Figs. 1a and 1b. The channel 10 has two longitudinal ends 36a, 36b, wherein the detailed section shows the channel 10 in the region of the first longitudinal end 36a, in which the second regions 14, i.e., the fine structures 15, are located. Essentially, the first fine structure 15 forms a connection 23 with a connection contour 22, for example, for a piping system.

[0066] As can be clearly seen in Fig. 2, the channel body 11 has a through-opening 37 formed in the channel base 27. The through-opening 37 runs from the guide region 25 through the channel base 27. The channel body 11 has a first fine structure 15 on an inner surface 38 facing the through-opening 37. The first fine structure 15 comprises two webs 39 surrounding the through-opening 37. The webs 39 can also be referred to as grooves or ribs. In other words, the first fine structure 15 comprises two web-shaped rings on the inner surface 38 of the channel body 11. Generally, the webs 39 have a wall with a wall thickness.

[0067] As clearly visible in Fig. 2, the channel body 11 comprises a transition section 16 between the first fine structure 15 or between the webs 39 and the adjacent first region 12, i.e., the channel bottom 27. This transition section separates the hardened mortar / concrete mixture GM from the hardened mortar portion MA. The transition section 16 corresponds to a plane extending between the channel bottom 27 and the webs 39. The transition section 16 forms a boundary between the first region 12 and the first fine structure 15 of the channel body 11.

[0068] The channel bottom 27 and / or the side walls 28 each have a minimum wall thickness, in particular a minimum thickness, which is greater than a maximum wall thickness 19, maximum thickness, of the webs 39. Or in other words, the webs 39 each have a maximum wall thickness 19 that is smaller than a minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 37 and / or the side walls 28. Fig. 2 shows a wall thickness 21 of the channel bottom 37, which is exemplary of a wall thickness in the first region 12 of the channel body 11 that is greater than the wall thickness 19 of the fine structures 15. The maximum wall thickness 19 of the webs 39 can be less than or equal to 4 mm. The minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 27 and / or the side walls 28 can be greater than 4 mm.

[0069] The maximum wall thickness of the webs 39 is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA of the mixture GM. In other words, the maximum wall thickness 19 of the webs 39 is smaller than the smallest grain of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA. Conversely, the maximum wall thickness 19 of the webs 39 is greater than or equal to a maximum grain size of the grain material of the mortar portion MA. In other words, the maximum wall thickness 19 of the webs 39 is greater than or equal to the largest grain of the grain material of the mortar portion MA.

[0070] As can be seen in Fig. 2, the webs 39 have a constant wall thickness over their entire length. The constant wall thickness of the webs 39 thus corresponds to the maximum wall thickness of the webs 39. The transition section 16 also comprises the maximum wall thickness 19 of the webs 39. The transition section 16 can be a constriction 18 that is smaller than the minimum grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the webs 39 each have an aspect ratio of their wall thickness 19 to depth 13 of essentially 1 to 1. In other words, the webs 39 each have an essentially square cross-sectional shape.

[0071] The minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 27 and / or the side walls 28 is greater than the maximum grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA. Thus, the largest grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA is smaller than the minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 27 and / or the side walls 28.

[0072] Fig. 2 shows a second fine structure 15 at the first longitudinal end 36a of the gutter body 11, which serves as a connecting extension 24 for connecting the gutter body 11 to another gutter body 11. The connecting extension 24 has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. The connecting extension 24 extends in a U-shape on the end face of the first longitudinal end 36a. The connecting extension 24 forms a U-shaped web 41, which protrudes from the end face of the first longitudinal end 36a. The web 41 has a sealing surface on its inner side. The web 41 has a wall with a wall thickness.

[0073] As clearly visible in Fig. 2, the channel body 11 also has a transition section 16 between the second fine structure 15, i.e., between the web 41 and the adjacent first region 12, i.e., the channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28, which separates the hardened mortar / concrete mixture GM from the hardened mortar portion MA. Here, too, the transition section 16 corresponds to a plane that extends between the channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28, as well as the web 41. The transition section 16 forms a boundary between the first region 12 and the second fine structure 15 of the channel body 11.

[0074] Like the webs 39 of the first fine structure 15, the web 41 has a maximum wall thickness 19 that is smaller than a minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 37 and / or the side walls 28. The maximum wall thickness 19 of the web 41 can be less than or equal to 4 to 9 mm. The minimum wall thickness of the channel bottom 27 and / or the side walls 28 can be greater than 4 mm.

[0075] The maximum wall thickness 19 of the web 41 is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA of the mixture GM. In other words, the maximum wall thickness 19 of the web 41 is smaller than the smallest grain size of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA. Conversely, the maximum wall thickness 19 of the web 41 is greater than or equal to the maximum grain size of the grain material of the mortar portion MA.

[0076] As can be seen in Fig. 2, the web 41 has a wall thickness that tapers outward in cross-section. The web 41 has a maximum wall thickness 19 at its base, where the transition section 16 is located. This means that the transition section 16 has the maximum wall thickness 19, while the web 41 essentially has a smaller wall thickness, for example, 4 mm.

[0077] In general, the channel 10 according to Fig. 1a to 3 can have only one fine structure 15 from the mortar portion MA of the mixture GM or more than two fine structures 15 from the mortar portion MA of the mixture GM. In the channel body 11 according to Fig. 1a to 3, all surfaces have a particularly high surface quality. Except for this is an outer surface of the channel bottom 27, which is not externally delimited by a mold or formwork during the casting process. This outer surface corresponds to the at least partially exposed casting surface 42 of the channel body 11. All other surfaces of the channel body 11 have a surface quality with a mean roughness value R a of less than or equal to 0.7 pm.

[0078] Specifically, the guide area 25 of the channel body 11 has a first surface section 26 which has a surface quality with an average roughness value R afrom 0 pm to 2 pm. This surface section 25 forms a channel base 32 of the guide area 25. The side walls 28 each have on their inner side 33 a second surface section 35 with a mean roughness value R a of a maximum of 0.7 pm, preferably a maximum of 0.4 pm. Between the first and second surface sections 26, 35, the guide region 25 has a third surface section 34, which forms a transition between the first and second surface sections 26, 35. The third surface section 34 has a surface quality with a mean roughness value R a of a maximum of 0.7 pm, preferably a maximum of 0.4 pm.

[0079] Likewise, the upper side 29 of the side walls 28 and outer surfaces 43 of the side walls 28 have a surface quality with a mean roughness value R aof a maximum of 0.7 pm, preferably a maximum of 0.4 pm. The same applies to the end faces of the channel body 11 at the two longitudinal ends 36a, 36b. It is also possible for upper sides, in particular the upper sides 29 of the side walls 28, of a channel body, e.g., a monolithic channel or in the case of channels with a monolithic frame, to have surfaces with a surface quality with a mean roughness of less than 0.4 pm, preferably a maximum of 0.2 pm.

[0080] The following describes a method for producing the channel 10 according to Fig. 1a to 3. In a first step, a mold for forming the channel 10 is provided. Preferably, the mold is formwork. Or in other words, the mold is preferably formed by means of formwork. The mold represents a negative of the channel 10 to be produced. The mold has a first region which, with the exception of the first and second fine structure 15 of the channel 10, represents all the other shapes of the channel 10. These include, among others, the channel bottom 27 and the two side walls 28. The mold further has two second regions which define the two fine structures 15 of the channel 10. The second region of the mold defining the first fine structure 15 has an internal dimension which corresponds to the wall thickness of the first fine structure 15. The second region of the mold defining the second fine structure 15 has an internal dimension which corresponds to the wall thickness of the second fine structure 15.

[0081] In addition, a retention area is formed between the first area of ​​the mold and the fine structures 15, which retention area is adapted to retain the concrete portion BA, specifically the grains of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA, when the mold is filled with the mortar / concrete mixture GM. The retention area can represent a constriction that prevents the grains of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA from penetrating the second area. The retention area of ​​the mold defines the transition section of the finished channel 10. The retention area has the dimensions of the transition section described above with regard to grain size and wall thickness. The retention area thus serves for the spatial distribution of the concrete portion BA and / or the mortar portion MA of the mixture GM.

[0082] The mold is provided in such a way that it is open at the top, at least in sections. In a second step, a mortar / concrete mixture GM is poured into the mold. The mortar / concrete mixture GM completely fills the first region of the mold to form the channel bottom 27 and the side walls 28. The retention region of the mold holds back the grains of the additional grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA in such a way that a mortar portion MA of the mixture GM completely fills the second regions of the mold to form the fine structures 15, i.e. the circumferential webs 39 and the U-shaped web 41. It is possible for the mold to have further second regions to form further fine structures.

[0083] The retention area of ​​the mold may alternatively or in addition to the constriction comprise a sieve material and / or filter material for retaining the grains of the further grain material 17 of the concrete portion BA.

[0084] List of reference symbols

[0085] 10 Gutter 11 Gutter body

[0086] 12 first area

[0087] 13 depth

[0088] 14 second area

[0089] 15 Fine structure

[0090] 16 Transition section

[0091] 17 Grain material of the concrete portion

[0092] 18 bottleneck

[0093] 19 Wall thickness of the fine structure or transition section

[0094] 21 Wall thickness of the first area

[0095] 22 Connection contour

[0096] 23 Connection

[0097] 24 Connecting process

[0098] 25 Management area

[0099] 26 Area section of the management area

[0100] 27 Gutter bottom

[0101] 28 side walls

[0102] 29 Top of the side walls

[0103] 31 paragraph

[0104] 32 channel sole

[0105] 33 Inside of the side walls

[0106] 34 Area section in transition

[0107] 35 Surface section of the side wall inner sides

[0108] 36a first longitudinal end

[0109] 36b second longitudinal end

[0110] 37 passage opening

[0111] 38 inner surface

[0112] 39 bridges of the first fine structure

[0113] 41 Bridge of the second fine structure

[0114] 42 casting area

[0115] 43 Outer surfaces of the side walls

[0116] GM mortar / concrete mixture

[0117] MA mortar content

[0118] BA concrete portion

[0119] Ra Mitten rauwert

Claims

CLAIMS Drainage article, in particular a channel (10), with at least one drainage body (11) which is formed in one piece from a mortar / concrete mixture (GM), wherein the drainage body (11) has at least a first region (12) which is filled by the mortar / concrete mixture (GM), characterized in that the drainage body (11) has at least a second region (14) with a fine structure (15) which is filled by a mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) to form the fine structure (15), wherein at least one transition section (16) is provided between the two regions (12, 14), which transition section separates at least the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) in the first region (12) from the mortar portion (MA) in the second region (14).Drainage article according to claim 1, characterized in that the mortar portion (MA) and the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) comprise at least one bound granular material, wherein a maximum grain size of the granular material of the mortar portion (MA) is smaller than a minimum grain size of another, in particular larger, granular material (17) of the concrete portion (BA). Drainage article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fine structure (15) has at least one wall thickness (19) and at least one depth (13), the ratio of which is less than or equal to 1:

1. Drainage article according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fine structure (15) and / or the transition section (16) has at least one constriction (18), in particular a narrowed wall thickness. Drainage article according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that. the fine structure (15) and / or the transition section (16) has / have, at least in sections, a wall thickness (19) that is smaller than a minimum grain size of the additional, in particular larger, granular material (17) located in the concrete portion (BA). Drainage article according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first region (12) has, at least in sections, a wall thickness (21) that is larger than a grain size of the additional, in particular larger, granular material located in the concrete portion (BA). Drainage article according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that the minimum grain size of the additional, in particular larger, granular material (17) of the concrete portion (BA) is greater than or equal to 2 mm, in particular from 2 mm to 32 mm, preferably from 4 mm to 8 mm.Drainage article according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the maximum grain size of the grain material of the mortar portion (MA) is less than or equal to 2 mm. Drainage article according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fine structure (15) comprises at least one functional element, in particular a channel frame, a locking pocket and / or a connecting extension for connecting two adjacent drainage bodies and the like. Drainage article, in particular a channel (10), with at least one drainage body (11) which is formed in one piece from a mortar / concrete mixture (GM), wherein the drainage body (11) has at least one guide region (25) for draining away liquids, in particular water, characterized in that. the guide region (25) comprises at least one surface section (26) which, at least in sections, has a surface roughness with a mean roughness value Ra of less than or equal to 0.7 pm. Drainage article according to claim 10, characterized in that the surface section (26) of the guide region (25) has, at least in sections, a surface roughness with a mean roughness value R aof less than or equal to 0.4 pm, in particular a maximum of 0.2 pm. Drainage device (100) with at least one drainage object, in particular a channel (10), according to one of the preceding claims. Method for producing a drainage object, in particular a channel (10), with at least one mold for forming the drainage object, wherein the mold has at least a first region, at least one second region with a fine structure and an intermediate retention region, wherein in the method a mortar / concrete mixture (GM) is provided and filled into the mold, wherein the mortar / concrete mixture (GM) fills the first region of the mold and the retention region retains the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) in such a way that a mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) fills the second region of the mold to form the fine structure.Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the spatial distribution of the mortar portion (MA) and / or the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) in the mold is achieved by the retention area. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that. the retention area has at least one constriction (18) such that during a filling process, the mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) passes through and at least the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) is retained. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the retention area has at least one sieve material and / or at least one filter material such that during a filling process, the mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) passes through and at least the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) is retained.Concrete article for civil engineering, building construction, gardening and landscaping, wastewater treatment and / or building services, comprising at least one base body (11) formed in one piece from a mortar / concrete mixture (GM), wherein the base body (11) has at least one first region (12) filled by the mortar / concrete mixture (GM), characterized in that the base body (11) has at least one second region (14) with a fine structure (15) filled by a mortar portion (MA) of the mixture (GM) to form the fine structure (15), wherein at least one transition section (16) is provided between the two regions (12, 14), which transition section separates at least the concrete portion (BA) of the mixture (GM) in the first region (12) from the mortar portion (MA) in the second region (14).

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