Apparatus for the metered delivery of bulk materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the metered delivery of bulk materials which are difficult to separate, highly intermeshed and / or inhomogeneous. Also included here are, in particular, bulk materials which contain at least some straw or long-fibre material. The invention therefore addresses the problem of providing an apparatus for the metered delivery of bulk materials which allows improved material flow and, at the same time, can be operated even more energy-efficiently. The apparatus comprises a feeding unit, wherein the feeding unit moves a predominantly still intact pile of bulk material substantially horizontally, and also comprises a breaking-up unit, which is arranged in the direction of movement of the feeding unit and is provided with tools, wherein the breaking-up unit has its operating direction arranged at an angle to the feeding unit and is suitable for removing and discharging bulk material from the pile of bulk material by means of tools arranged on the breaking-up unit, characterized in that the breaking-up unit is mounted in an elastic bearing means, wherein the elastic bearing means is configured such that it allows both linear and rotary vibrations.

Description

[0001] Device for the metered dispensing of bulk materials

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to a device for the metered dispensing of bulk materials that are difficult to separate, highly interlocked, and / or inhomogeneous. This particularly includes bulk materials that contain at least a portion of straw or long-fiber material.

[0004] Description of the invention

[0005] Solids feeders, receiving feeders, and decompactors are used in many applications in biogas plants, waste disposal facilities, and even in industry. They are designed to generate a material flow that can be fed continuously or discontinuously to other plant components. However, the materials are often inhomogeneous and contain insoluble or interlocking components. Therefore, a compact mixture often has to be mechanically broken down and converted into a uniform material flow.

[0006] Such a device is disclosed in DE 10 2011 108 208 A1, which describes a method for the intake and metered discharge of bulk materials. A heap of bulk material is transported on a conveyor and pressed against a disintegrating unit that is arranged to rotate about a single point and repeatedly strikes the heap. Tools are attached to the disintegrating unit along a conveyor belt, which tear out pieces of the bulk material from the heap and discharge them. Due to the fixed mounting at a single point, the pivot point of the disintegrating unit, the removal or comminution of the heap regularly only occurs when the disintegrating unit impacts the heap in an unbalanced manner. Consistently good material discharge is therefore only achieved if the heap meets optimal conditions. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.

[0007] Accordingly, DE 19 52 590 A discloses a device by means of which hay or a similar product is discharged in a uniform stream from a container, for example the loading box of a wagon, wherein the bottom of the container is designed as a conveyor directed towards the discharge end of the container.

[0008] DE 28 48 836 A1 discloses a bridge-type dumping device, in particular a bridge scraper, for clearing bulk material stockpiles, comprising a bridge arranged in front of the front slope of the stockpile, movable in the direction of the stockpile axis, and a bridge conveyor arranged thereon for transporting the bulk material away.

[0009] DE 23 48 598 A1 discloses a portal scraper for removing piles of bulk material, comprising a main scraper pivotably mounted on the portal and an auxiliary scraper conveying the material to the main scraper, one end of which is hinged to the main scraper and the other end of which is guided in a guide track arranged on the portal.

[0010] DE 100 08 346 A1 discloses a box feeder system for feeding and / or storing several types of bulk material, in particular ceramic bulk material such as clay, with at least two discharge openings of the feeders next to each other, opposite each other or all around each other with their bulk material slopes facing each other.

[0011] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for the metered dispensing of bulk materials, which enables an improved material flow and at the same time can be operated even more energy-efficiently.

[0012] The problem is solved by the features of claim 1, the subclaims describing further embodiments.

[0013] State-of-the-art devices for the metered discharge of bulk materials comprise a feed unit and a disintegrating unit arranged in the direction of travel of the feed unit. The feed unit moves the largely still-undisintegrated pile of bulk material essentially horizontally toward the disintegrating unit. Tools are arranged on the disintegrating unit. By positioning the disintegrating unit at an angle to the feed unit that approximately corresponds to the angle of inclination of the pile of bulk material, when the pile of bulk material impacts the disintegrating unit, pieces of bulk material are removed from the pile of bulk material and discharged from the device as bulk material for further processing. According to the invention, the device is characterized in that the disintegrating unit is mounted in an elastic bearing, wherein the elastic bearing is designed such that it allows both linear and rotational oscillations.The elastic bearing of the disintegrating unit ensures that the disintegrating unit always optimally adheres to the incoming bulk material pile and can consistently generate a consistently good material flow. Rotational vibrations allow for better adaptation to the inclination angle of the bulk material pile, while linear vibrations lead to optimal removal of materials with varying degrees of interlocking. With the elastic bearing, any movement on the bulk material caused by an imbalance can be eliminated, as the movement against the bulk material pile is controlled by the device itself using the elastic bearing. This already saves energy.

[0014] According to a special embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered discharge of bulk materials, the dissolving unit is arranged so that its angle relative to the feed unit (3) can be adjusted. This allows the inclination angle of the bulk material pile to be accommodated even better if the substances contained in the bulk material indicate that the inclination angle will not change significantly over the duration of the dissolving process. This improvement serves to increase the effectiveness of the device.

[0015] According to a special embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered dispensing of bulk materials, the dissolving unit is elastically mounted in at least two bearings. This ensures that forces acting on the bearings can be absorbed in a more controlled manner, preventing stress on the device from causing damage. Furthermore, this improves the material flow out of the device.

[0016] According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered discharge of bulk materials, the elastic bearing is designed such that, during operation of the device, the pressure of the bulk material pile directed against the elastic bearing of the dissolving unit is directed against the bulk material pile as a restoring force of the bearing. The restoring force is generated, for example, by an elastic, energy-storing element such as a spring. This shape of the bearing not only serves to further minimize energy consumption, it also significantly improves the quality of the bulk material removal from the bulk material pile.

[0017] According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered dispensing of bulk materials, the dissolving unit is arranged such that, during operation of the device, the pressure of the bulk material directed against the dissolving unit is counteracted by the dissolving unit's own weight. By utilizing the dissolving unit's own weight, which partially rests on the bulk material pile during operation of the device, energy can be saved that would otherwise have been required to generate pressure against the bulk material pile. This leads to further savings in operating costs.

[0018] According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered discharge of bulk materials, the dissolving unit is a belt conveyor or a milling drum or a dissolving screw.

[0019] Even though the belt conveyor is already the preferred use as a dissolving unit due to the state of the art, other forms of dissolving unit can certainly offer their own advantages. For example, a milling drum or a dissolving screw can introduce an increased dead weight, which positively influences the dissolving process. According to a special embodiment of the device according to the invention for the metered discharge of bulk materials, the device is portable. This design is advantageous for use in different locations. Strongly interlocking bulk materials do not always need to be disintegrated before use. Such devices sometimes stand unused next to biogas or waste disposal plants. The operating times of such a device could be significantly increased if used at different locations within a spatially appropriate area.

[0020] Implementation of the invention

[0021] The invention is explained using an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the device according to the invention.

[0022] The device according to the invention in the present case comprises a bulk material container 9 and a housing 8 arranged thereon. The feed unit 3 is arranged within the bulk material container 9 and on this unit lies a heap of bulk material which is to be processed for further use, e.g. in a biogas plant. The disintegrating unit 4 is arranged in the housing 8 of the device 1 and is mounted in a bearing 7. The bearing 7 is designed in such a way that both linear and rotational oscillations are possible. A tool 5 is arranged on the disintegrating unit 4 and is suitable for removing bulk material parts from the heap of bulk material 6. During the processing of the heap of bulk material 6, it is moved in the direction of the disintegrating unit 4 by means of the feed unit 3.When the bulk material pile 6 hits the disintegrating unit 4, the disintegrating unit 4 optimally adapts its position to the bulk material pile 6 through rotary vibrations, even if its appearance changes repeatedly as the tool 5 releases bulk material pieces. Linear vibrations also adjust to more or less tightly interlocked bulk material pieces in the bulk material pile 6. This creates a bulk material flow that can be discharged as bulk material 2 through the bulk material discharge 11 for further use.

[0023] List of reference symbols

[0024] 1 device

[0025] 2 Bulk goods

[0026] 3 Feed unit

[0027] 4 Dissolving unit

[0028] 5 tools

[0029] 6 bulk material piles

[0030] 7 Storage

[0031] 8 housings

[0032] 9 bulk containers

[0033] 10 Luggage bridge

[0034] 11 Bulk goods delivery

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 15 July 2024 (15.07.2024) 1. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) which are difficult to separate, have strong interlocking teeth and / or are inhomogeneous, comprising a feed unit (3), wherein the feed unit (3) moves a predominantly still unbroken pile of bulk material (6) essentially horizontally, and a dissolving unit (4) which is arranged in the running direction of the feed unit (3) and is provided with tools (5), wherein the dissolving unit (4) is arranged with its working direction at an angle to the feed unit (3) and is suitable for removing and discharging bulk material (2) which is difficult to separate, has strong interlocking teeth and / or is inhomogeneous from the pile of bulk material (6) by means of tools (5) arranged on the dissolving unit (4), characterized in that the dissolving unit (4) is mounted in an elastic bearing (7), wherein the elastic bearing (7) is designed such that it allows both linear and rotational oscillations.

2. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolving unit (4) is arranged so as to be variable in its angle to the feed unit (3).

3. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dissolving unit (4) is elastically mounted in at least two bearings (7).

4. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one elastic bearing (7) is designed such that during operation of the device (1), the pressure of the bulk material pile (6) directed against the at least one elastic bearing (7) of the dissolving unit (4) is directed against the bulk material pile (6) as a restoring force of the bearing (7).

5. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dissolving unit (4) is arranged such that, during operation of the device (1), the pressure of the pile of bulk material (6) directed against the dissolving unit (4) is counteracted by the dead weight of the dissolving unit (4).

6. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dissolving unit (4) is a belt conveyor or a milling drum or a dissolving screw.

7. Device (1) for the metered dispensing of bulk materials (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) is transportable.

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