Crane with a device for erecting a load

Abstract

The invention relates to a crane (10) comprising a boom (16) and two independently operable hoist winches, on each of which a hoist cable (21, 22) guided over the boom (16) is mounted for winding and unwinding, wherein each of the hoist cables (21, 22) carries a load-handling device (23, 24) for securing a load (1). According to the invention, the crane (10) comprises an erection device (20) for erecting a load, which includes an upper part (30) pivotably attached to the boom, in particular by pivoting, with first deflection pulleys (31), and a lower part (40) pivotably connected to the upper part about a horizontal pivot axis (32), with second deflection pulleys (41) whose axes of rotation are parallel to the pivot axis (32). The lifting ropes (20,22) are each guided over a first deflection pulley (31) and a second deflection pulley (41) and are attached at their free ends to the lower part (40).The deflection pulleys (31, 41) and the pivot axis (32) are arranged such that, by asynchronous actuation of the lifting winches, a load (1) connected to both load-handling devices (23, 24) can be selectively rotated about a load rotation axis parallel to the pivot axis v(32) by performing a pivoting movement of the lower part (40) relative to the upper part (30). The invention further relates to an erection device (20) for a crane (10) according to the invention, a set comprising an erection device (20) and at least one further lower part, and a corresponding erection method.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a crane according to the preamble of claim 1, an erection device for such a crane and a method for erecting a load by means of such a crane.

[0002] Erecting (i.e., rotating around a horizontal axis from a lying to an upright position) elongated loads, such as a tower section, typically involves using two cranes in a tandem lift. However, such lifts require precise coordination of the crane movements and are therefore complex to execute. Furthermore, not every construction site has two cranes available, so a second crane may need to be scheduled specifically for such an erection operation, increasing the overall site costs.

[0003] The present invention is based on the objective of providing a device that allows elongated loads to be erected using a single crane.

[0004] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a crane with the features of claim 1, by an erection device with the features of claim 13, and by a method with the features of claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the following description.

[0005] Accordingly, a crane is proposed that includes a boom and two winches. The winches support two lifting cables and can be operated independently. Each lifting cable carries a load-handling device for attaching a load, such as a hook block, into which the respective lifting cable is sheared. A load can thus be attached to two lifting points on the two load-handling devices of the lifting cables and lifted and moved by operating the winches.

[0006] According to the invention, the crane comprises an erection device for erecting a load, which includes an upper part with first deflection pulleys for guiding the lifting cables and a lower part with second deflection pulleys for guiding the lifting cables. The upper part is attached to the boom, while the lower part is not directly connected to the boom but pivotably connected to the upper part. As the names already indicate, the lower part is located below the upper part and is therefore closer to the load than the upper part. Preferably, the upper part is pivotably attached to the boom, in particular about a horizontal pivot axis running parallel to the boom luffing axis, so that the erection device self-aligns due to gravity. The second deflection pulleys of the lower part have axes of rotation that run parallel to the horizontal pivot axis of the joint connection between the lower and upper parts.When the pivot axis is mentioned below, it refers to the pivot axis between the lower and upper parts.

[0007] Each of the two lifting cables is guided over a first pulley and a second pulley. It is conceivable that the upper part includes several first pulleys and / or the lower part includes several second pulleys. The lifting cables are attached to the lower part at their free ends, for example by means of cable locks, with the lower part having appropriate fastening means for this purpose, preferably on its underside facing away from the upper part.

[0008] According to the invention, the lifting device is designed, and the deflection pulleys and the pivot axis are arranged, such that, by asynchronous actuation of the lifting winches, a load connected to both load-handling devices can be rotated about a load rotation axis parallel to the pivot axis, i.e., the load can be lifted. In other words, when the lifting winches are actuated asynchronously, the lower part performs a pivoting movement while the load is lifted.

[0009] In this context, asynchronous operation of the hoist winches refers to a control system in which the load-handling attachments of the hoist cables do not move up or down at the same speed. This can be achieved by driving only one of the two hoist winches to wind or unwind the hoist cable, while the other hoist winch remains inactive. Thus, only one of the load-handling attachments is moved. Asynchronous movement of the hoist winches can also be achieved by driving both hoist winches, but rotating them at different speeds in one direction or the other, or in different directions. In the latter case, one of the load-handling attachments is lowered while the other is raised.

[0010] The erection device allows large loads to be erected safely, quickly, and cost-effectively using only a single crane, saving space. The device functions regardless of the load's shape. Its division into upper and lower sections allows for the arrangement of the pulleys, particularly the secondary pulleys, in such a way that larger loads can be erected. Specifically, the greater the horizontal distance between the secondary pulleys, the larger the load that can be rotated. Furthermore, the multi-part design of the erection device offers the possibility of modular configuration, allowing the lower section to be replaced and thus adapted to the size of the load being rotated.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the upper part is detachably connected to the lower part and, like the lower part, has fastening elements for securing the free ends of the lifting cables. This makes it possible to remove the lower part from the upper part and, in a first configuration, simply guide the lifting cables over the first pulleys and then attach their free ends to the upper part. This allows the upper part to function as an upright device on its own, particularly for rotating shorter loads. For rotating larger loads, the upper part is used in a second configuration together with the attached lower part, and the lifting cables are attached to the fastening elements on the lower part. Rotating larger loads with the attached lower part is made possible, in particular, by the fact that the second pulleys are spaced further apart than the first pulleys.

[0012] In another possible embodiment, the upper part comprises exactly two first pivot axes with first deflection pulleys. Each first pivot axis can be fitted with exactly one first deflection pulley or with several first deflection pulleys for multiple reeving of a lifting rope. Preferably, the upper part has exactly two first deflection pulleys, and any multiple reeving of the lifting ropes takes place between the second deflection pulleys and the load-handling devices.

[0013] Alternatively or additionally, the lower section can be designed to include exactly two secondary pivot axes with secondary pulleys. Each secondary pivot axis can be fitted with exactly one secondary pulley, or with several secondary pulleys for multiple reeving of a lifting rope.

[0014] Preferably, the second axes of rotation are spaced further apart than the first axes of rotation. This increases the distance between the lifting cables once they are guided over the second pulleys. This allows for the lifting of larger loads when they are horizontally aligned, without exceeding a maximum cable angle. In the unloaded state, the first and second axes of rotation preferably form the vertices of a trapezoid with parallel top and bottom surfaces.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the upper part has exactly two first deflection pulleys and the lower part has exactly two second pivot axes, on each of which several deflection pulleys are mounted in order to reeve the lifting ropes multiple times between the second deflection pulleys and the respective load-bearing devices (in particular hook blocks with several deflection pulleys).

[0016] In another possible embodiment, the lifting device includes at least one limit switch designed to output a signal when a lifting cable reaches its maximum angle. This limit switch is preferably located on the lower part and detects, in particular, the angle of a lifting cable extending from the lower part, i.e., a section of the lifting cable between the lower part and the load. By limiting the maximum lateral deflection or spreading of the lifting cables, damage to the lifting cables can be avoided and a safe lifting operation ensured. The maximum permissible cable angle depends, in particular, on the design and dimensions of the lifting device and can be less than 45°.

[0017] The maximum rope angle, which refers in particular to the angle of deflection of a lifting rope relative to the vertical, is preferably 20–40°, more preferably 25–35°. In one embodiment, the maximum rope angle can be approximately 30°. The maximum rope angle can refer to a vertical plane located centrally between the second set of pulleys and passing through the pivot axis.

[0018] In another possible embodiment, the crane includes a control unit for controlling the hoist winches, which is connected to at least one limit switch to receive signals from it. Upon receiving a signal from the limit switch representing the at least one hoist rope reaching its maximum angle, the control unit is configured to output a control signal to at least one hoist winch to activate it. In particular, the control unit can be configured to stop the current hoist winch movement and / or to allow at least one of the hoist winches to unwind only the hoist rope, thus reducing the rope angle.Alternatively or additionally, the control system can be set up to issue a warning upon receiving a signal from at least one limit switch, which is displayed to the crane operator, for example in a cabin, on a display and / or audibly.

[0019] In another possible embodiment, the at least one limit switch is arranged on the lower part in such a way that its orientation relative to a vertical plane remains constant regardless of the pivot position of the lower part. Since the orientation of the lower part changes during the lifting of the load due to the pivoting movement about the pivot axis, maintaining the orientation of the at least one limit switch allows the outgoing rope angle to be effectively monitored.

[0020] The at least one limit switch is mounted on the lower part in particular via a parallelogram mechanism, wherein the arrangement on or connection with a member of the parallelogram mechanism ensures that the orientation of the limit switch does not change when the lower part is pivoted about the pivot axis.

[0021] In another possible embodiment, the at least one limit switch is arranged on a bracket rotatably attached to the lower part, the bracket being connected to the upper part via a coupling link. The coupling link is pivotally connected to the upper part via a first joint and to the bracket via a second joint, forming a link of a parallelogram linkage. The lower part can comprise a frame, a portion of which, in particular between the pivot axis and a second deflection pulley, can constitute the parallel link of the parallelogram linkage. The first and second joints, the axis of rotation of the bracket, and the pivot axis form the joints of the parallelogram linkage. Preferably, the axis of rotation of the bracket corresponds to the axis of rotation of a second deflection pulley.The aforementioned bracket can be a roller bracket, itself rotatably mounted on the lower part, for at least one second deflection roller.

[0022] In another possible embodiment, at least one contacting unit is pivotably mounted on the lower part. This unit is contacted by the lifting cable at its maximum angle and pressed against a switching element of a limit switch, thereby triggering the limit switch and sending a signal to the control system. Preferably, the contacting unit is contacted and deflected or pivoted by the lifting cable before the maximum cable angle is reached, with the limit switch being triggered when the maximum cable angle is reached.

[0023] The contacting unit preferably comprises a pivotably mounted roller arm with a roller that can be contacted by the lifting cable. Contacting the roller causes the roller arm to pivot. Preferably, the roller arm is pivotably mounted about the second axis of rotation of a second deflection pulley. The contacting unit particularly further comprises a contact plate connected to the roller arm, which contacts or switches the switching element of the associated limit switch at the maximum cable angle.

[0024] The roller arm can have a plate with a recess in which a guide pin, which cannot pivot relative to the limit switch, is mounted. When the roller arm is pivoted by pressure from the lifting cable on the roller, the recess shifts relative to the guide pin. The recess can be designed as an elongated hole, particularly a curved elongated hole, and serves to guide and support the roller arm or the contact plate.

[0025] In another possible embodiment, two limit switches are arranged on the lower part, each defining a maximum cable angle for one of the lifting cables. This allows the cable angles of both lifting cables to be monitored by a single limit switch. Preferably, the same maximum cable angle is defined for both lifting cables. The limit switches are preferably located in the area of ​​the second deflection pulleys, particularly on rotatably mounted brackets of the second deflection pulleys.

[0026] In another possible embodiment, the lower part comprises a substantially triangular frame, at the lower corners of which the second deflection pulleys are arranged and at the upper corner of which the pivot axis is located. The frame, or the connecting lines between the pivot axis and the axes of rotation of the second deflection pulleys, preferably forms an isosceles triangle. If no load is suspended from the load-bearing devices, the base of the triangular frame (or the connecting line between the second axes of rotation) preferably runs horizontally.

[0027] Alternatively or additionally, the upper part can be attached to the boom about a pivot axis running parallel to the boom's luffing axis. This allows the erection device to maintain the same orientation regardless of the boom's luffing position. Preferably, the upper part is attached to a boom head and, in particular, pivoted to an axis on which several deflection pulleys for redirecting the lifting cables are rotatably mounted.

[0028] In another possible embodiment, the lower part comprises a multi-part frame and can be disassembled for transport. The frame parts can be assembled in a transport position with reduced dimensions. The frame parts are detachably connected to one another via fasteners, for example, bolted connections. In the simplest case, the frame can comprise two frame parts, with preferably a first frame part supporting the pivot axis and a second frame part supporting the second set of guide rollers.

[0029] The multi-part frame also features fasteners for connecting the frame parts in the transport position. For example, retaining devices for creating a bolted connection can be arranged on the second frame part, whereby the disassembled first frame part can be bolted to the retaining devices of the second frame part via its connecting device. This ensures that the two frame parts remain connected even in the transport position. Naturally, the frame can be constructed from more than two frame parts. Other fastening devices are also conceivable, such as screw connections and / or hook-and-bolt connections.

[0030] In another possible embodiment, the axes of rotation of the first and second deflection pulleys are parallel to each other and, in particular, perpendicular to a rocker axis of the boom. Since the pivot axis is horizontal, the axes of rotation of all deflection pulleys of the erection device are also horizontal in this case.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, the erection device may be designed to be symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane passing through the pivot axis. This applies in particular to a case where no load is attached to the load-bearing devices and the lower part is therefore not pivoted.

[0032] The invention further relates to an erection device for a crane according to the invention. This device has all the features of the invention that have already been described in relation to the crane according to the invention.In other words, the erection device according to the invention comprises an upper part, in particular pivotably attached to the boom, with first deflection pulleys, and a lower part, pivotably connected to the upper part about a horizontal pivot axis, with second deflection pulleys whose axes of rotation are parallel to the pivot axis, wherein the lifting cables can each be guided over a first deflection pulley and a second deflection pulley and can be attached to the lower part at their free ends (for this purpose, corresponding fastening means are attached to the lower part), wherein the deflection pulleys and the pivot axis are arranged such that, by an asynchronous actuation of the lifting cable winches, a load connected to both load-bearing means can be selectively rotated about a load rotation axis running parallel to the pivot axis by carrying out a pivoting movement of the lower part relative to the upper part.The same properties, features, and advantages result as already described with regard to the crane according to the invention. Therefore, a repetitive description is omitted here. In particular, the erection device according to the invention can be configured according to any of the previously described embodiments, in any combination.

[0033] The invention further relates to a set comprising the lifting device according to the invention and at least one further lower part, which has a different arrangement, in particular a different spacing, of the second deflection pulleys. The lower part of the lifting device is detachably connected to the upper part. This makes it possible to replace the lower part as needed, whereby a larger or smaller load can be rotated by means of the different arrangement of the second deflection pulleys. Due to the modular design of the lifting device and the possibility of keeping any number of differently dimensioned lower parts on hand and adapting the lower part used to the load to be rotated, a high degree of flexibility and a wide range of loads that can be lifted by means of the crane is achieved.

[0034] The invention further relates to a method for erecting a load using the crane according to the invention. Here, too, the same properties, features, and advantages arise as already described with regard to the crane according to the invention. In the erection method according to the invention, the lifting winches are operated asynchronously (in particular, only one of the lifting winches is rotated while the other remains stationary; it is also conceivable to rotate the two lifting winches at different speeds in the same direction or in different directions), whereby the load-handling elements move away from each other in the vertical direction and the load erects itself about a load rotation axis running parallel to the pivot axis. During the erection process, the lower part rotates relative to the upper part about the horizontal pivot axis.

[0035] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments explained below with reference to the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1: An embodiment of the erecting device according to the invention without an attached load in a frontal view; Fig. 2: An enlargement of the erecting device according to Fig. 1 Fig. 3: another embodiment of the lower part in a perspective view; Fig. 4: a perspective view of the second deflection pulleys with limit switch arrangement according to an embodiment; Fig. 5a-b: a side view and a front view of an embodiment of the crane according to the invention with a suspended load; Fig. 6a-d: front views of the crane during the lifting of the load; and Fig. 7: another embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention without a suspended load in a frontal view;

[0036] In the Figure 1Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the crane 10 according to the invention in a frontal view, showing a section in the area of ​​the boom tip. Figure 2 Figure 1 shows an enlarged view of the erection device 20. In this embodiment, the crane 10 is a crawler crane, which is located in the Figures 5a-5b in an overall view ( Fig. 5a : Side view; Fig. 5b (Front view) is shown. This crane 10 comprises a mobile undercarriage 12 and a superstructure 14 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage 12, to which the lattice boom 16 is pivotally attached about a horizontal rocker axis.

[0037] However, the present invention, or the erection device 20 according to the invention, can also be used with other cranes, for example, a mobile crane with a telescopic boom, a truck crane with a lattice boom, or a stationary crane with a luffing jib. The crane's configuration, the type of boom, etc., are not relevant for the following description of the invention, apart from the fact that the crane 10 according to the invention has two hoist winches on which a first hoist rope 21 and a second hoist rope 22 are mounted for winding and unwinding. The hoist winches are controlled independently of each other, in particular by a control unit.

[0038] The crane 10 has an erection device 20, which is mounted on the boom 16 and over which both hoist ropes 21, 22 are guided. Using this erection device 20, a load 1 (for example, a long pipe or the tower or a tower element of a wind turbine) can be erected from a horizontal to a vertical position using only the crane 10. The two hoist ropes 21, 22 each carry a load-handling device 23, 24 for securing the load 1, which can be, in particular, hook blocks.

[0039] The erection device 20 comprises an upper part 30 connected to the boom 16 and a lower part 40 pivotably connected to the upper part 30 about a horizontal pivot axis 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivot axis 32, which can be formed in particular by a bolted connection, runs perpendicular to the boom rocker axis.

[0040] The upper part 30 can be pivotably mounted on a roller axis of a boom head 18 running parallel to the boom rocking axis. This allows the upper part 30, or the erection device 20, to be pivotally mounted on the boom 16 about a pivot axis running parallel to the boom rocking axis.

[0041] The upper section 30 has first deflection pulleys 31, which are rotatably mounted side by side about two first axes of rotation and over which the two lifting cables 21, 22 are guided. Preferably, the upper section 30 has exactly two first deflection pulleys 31. The lower section 40 has second deflection pulleys 41, which are rotatably mounted about second axes of rotation that run parallel to the first axes of rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, several second deflection pulleys 41 are provided on each second axis of rotation. The lifting cables 21, 22 run from the boom head 18 over the first deflection pulleys 31 and then over the second deflection pulleys 41 to the load-handling devices 23, 24, with the free ends of the lifting cables 21, 22 being guided back to the erection device 20 and attached to fastening devices 48 of the lower section 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the lifting ropes 21, 22 are connected multiple times between the second deflection pulleys 41 and the load-bearing devices 23, 24 respectively.Hook bottles are inserted (alternatively, the hook bottles could only have a pulley).

[0042] By actuating the respective lifting winch, the load-bearing elements 23, 24 of the lifting ropes 21, 22 are moved up or down. Because the second axes of rotation of the second deflection pulleys 41 have a greater horizontal distance from each other than the first axes of rotation, the lifting ropes 21, 22 are guided outwards at the lower part 40. The greater the horizontal distance of the second deflection pulleys 41, the larger the loads 1 that can be lifted in a horizontal orientation.

[0043] The lifting cables 21, 22 should not exceed a maximum inclined pull. For this reason, the lifting device 20 according to the invention preferably has a device which limits the maximum angle of the lifting cables 21, 22 relative to the vertical to a defined maximum cable angle α max. Such an inclined pull occurs when lifting a load 1 if it is horizontally oriented and exceeds a certain lifting height (cf. Fig. 6b ) or is too long compared to the distance between the second deflection pulleys 41.

[0044] For this purpose, limit switches 60 are preferably provided in the area of ​​the second deflection pulleys 41, which are connected to the control for the lifting winches and are activated when a maximum rope angle α max is reached (see Fig. 6b) send a signal via one of the lifting ropes 21, 22. The control system is preferably configured so that, upon receiving such a signal via one of the limit switches, only the lifting ropes 21, 22 may be unwound or the load-handling devices 23, 24 may be lowered, thereby reducing the rope angle again.

[0045] One possible embodiment of a limit switch arrangement on the lower part 40 is shown in the Figure 4 The figure shows a perspective view of the second deflection pulleys 41 on one side of the lower part 40, over which the first lifting cable 21 is guided. In this embodiment, the limit switch 60 is arranged on a bracket 53, which is rotatably mounted on the frame 42 of the lower part 40 about the second axis of rotation. The fastening means 48 for the lifting cable 21 can be arranged or formed on the bracket 54 (see figure). Fig. 2 ). The bracket 54 may be the roller bracket of the second deflection pulley 41.

[0046] A roller arm 54 is also rotatably mounted on the lower part 40 about the second axis of rotation and relative to the bracket 53. A roller 49 is located on the roller arm 54, positioned laterally next to one of the second deflection rollers 41 such that it is contacted from an oblique angle by one of the lifting cable strands from below when the cable angle reaches a certain angle. A plate with a slotted recess 57 is mounted on the roller arm 54, in which a guide pin 56 is received. The guide pin 56, whose longitudinal axis runs parallel to the second axis of rotation, is attached to the bracket 53 and is slidably mounted in the recess 57. When the lifting cable 21 pushes against the roller 49 during an oblique pull, the roller arm 54 rotates about the second axis of rotation, pushing the plate mounted on it upwards. During this movement, the guide pin 56 moves downwards along the recess 57 relative to this plate.

[0047] On the side of the metal plate facing the limit switch 60, a contact plate 55 is arranged, which preferably forms an incline. The limit switch 60 comprises a pivotable switching element 62, which is located above the contact plate 55. The switching element 62 may have a roller that rolls on the inclined contact plate. When the lifting cable 21 presses against the roller 49 during an inclined pull, the contact plate 55 is pushed upwards relative to the switching element 62. When the maximum cable angle α max is reached, the contact plate 55 pivots the switching element 62 such that the limit switch 60 switches and transmits a corresponding signal to the control system.

[0048] In order to monitor the inclined pull in both directions, such a limit switch arrangement is also provided on the other side, i.e. on the second deflection pulleys of the second lifting rope 22.

[0049] In order for the limit switch 60 to always switch at the same maximum rope angle α max, regardless of the position of the pivotally mounted lower part 40, it must have a constant orientation relative to the vertical. To achieve this, the lower part 40 preferably includes a parallelogram mechanism 50, which keeps the orientation of the limit switch 60 constant. For this purpose, the lower part 40 can have a coupling element 51 on each side, which is pivotably connected to the upper part 30 (this is shown in the Fig. 2 (covered by the first deflection pulley 31) and at one in the Figure 4 The visible second joint connection 52 is pivotably connected to the bracket 53.

[0050] As in the Figure 2As schematically indicated by dashed lines, the two joint connections, the pivot axis 32 between upper and lower parts 30, 40, and the respective second axis of rotation each form the four joints of a parallelogram linkage. The link of this parallelogram linkage formed by the bracket 53 supporting the limit switch 60 maintains its orientation during a pivoting movement of the lower part. This also applies to the limit switch 60.

[0051] The lower part 40 can have a triangular frame 42, as shown in the figures. The second deflection pulleys 41 or the second pivot axes can be located at the lower corners of the triangle, and the pivot axis 32 at the upper apex of the triangle, preferably forming an isosceles triangle. The frame 42 can be formed in one piece, as shown in the embodiment of the Figures 1-2 as indicated.

[0052] Alternatively, the frame 42 can be constructed in multiple parts. One possible embodiment of this is shown in the Figure 3 shown in a perspective view. Here, the frame 42 is constructed in two parts and comprises a first frame part 43, which carries the second deflection pulleys 41, and a second frame part 44, which includes the pivot axis 32 and is detachably connected to the first frame part 43 via connecting means 45 (in particular bolted connections). This offers the advantage that for transport the frame parts 43, 44 can be disassembled and placed in a transport position with reduced dimensions, which in the Figure 3 As can be seen, they can be connected to one another. For this purpose, the first frame part 43 can have corresponding retaining means 48, for example in the form of bolt receptacles, which can be connected to the connecting means 45 of the second frame part 44. The coupling links 51 can also be received in corresponding holders.

[0053] The Figures 5a and 5b Figure 10 shows the crane in a side and front view with a load 1 already erected. It can be seen that the load-handling devices 23, 24 are connected to the ends of the load 1 via lifting slings 2, 3 of different lengths (see Figure 1). Fig. 6a ) can be connected so that the lifting rope 21, which is connected to the lower end of the load 1 (after it has been erected), does not need to be unwound as far. These rigging elements 2, 3, which can be, for example, chains or ropes, are optional. When the load 1 is erected, the lower part 40 pivots sideways relative to the upper part 30. In the Figure 5b The final position of the lower part 40 can be seen.

[0054] The erection process is in the Figures 6a-6d The load 1 is shown in various positions. Crane 10 is shown in a front view in each case. Figure 6aThe load 1 is placed horizontally on the ground and the load-bearing devices 23, 24 are connected to the ends of the load 1 (via the lifting devices 2, 3). In this unloaded state, the lower part 40 is not pivoted relative to the upper part 30, so that the lower support of the frame 42, which connects the second deflection pulleys 41, runs horizontally.

[0055] Now, load 1 is lifted, with the lifting winches moving synchronously. This maintains the horizontal orientation of load 1 during lifting. Load 1 is lifted until there is sufficient space above the ground for it to be righted. However, as the horizontally oriented load 1 is lifted, the lifting cables 21, 22 spread further and further apart, so that their angle to the vertical plane 34, which runs through the pivot axis 32 (in the Figure 6b(shown as a thick black line) enlarged. The maximum rope angle α max is preferably limited by the limit switches 60 as described.

[0056] By asynchronously operating the hoist winches (in particular, the first hoist rope 21 is unwound while the second hoist rope 22 is not moved), one of the ends of the load 1 is lowered (in the Figure 6c the end connected to the first lifting cable 21), so that the load 1 is rotated about a load rotation axis parallel to the pivot axis 32 and thereby straightens itself into a vertical position. During this process, the lower part 40 pivots to the side. During the straightening process, the lower part 40 can first pivot to one side and then (more strongly) to the other (see figure). Figures 6c and 6d ). The Figure 6d Figure 1 shows the load in its upright position. The vertically aligned load 1 can now be lowered to its destination, preferably by synchronizing the lifting winches.

[0057] The Figure 7 Figure 1 shows an alternative embodiment of the upper part 30' of the lifting device 20, in which the upper part 30' also includes fastening means 38 for securing the ends of the lifting cables 21, 22. This allows the lower part 40 to be detached from the upper part 30' for lifting shorter loads 1, and only the upper part 30 with the closely spaced first deflection pulleys 31 to be used as the lifting device 20. If larger loads 1 are to be rotated, the distance between the first deflection pulleys 31 is too short. In this case, a corresponding lower part 40 can be attached and the lifting cables 21, 22 connected to its fastening means 48. Several lower parts with different widths or distances between the second deflection pulleys 41 can be provided, resulting in a modular expansion option that greatly increases the range of applications. Reference symbol list:

[0058] 1 Load 2 Lifting device 3 Lifting device 10 Crane 12 Undercarriage 14 Superstructure 16 Boom 18 Boom head 20 Erection device 21 First hoist rope 22 Second hoist rope 23 First load-handling device 24 Second load-handling device 30 Upper section 30' Upper section 31 First pulley 32 Swivel axis 34 Vertical plane 36 Connecting device 38 Fastening device 40 Lower section 40' Lower section 41 Second pulley 42 Frame 43 First frame section 44 Second frame section 45 Connecting device 46 Holding device 48 Fastening device 49 Pulley 50 Parallelogram mechanism / Parallelogram guide 51 Coupling link 52 Second joint connection 53 Bracket 54 Pulley arm 55 Contact plate 56 Guide pin 57 Recess 60 Limit switch 62 switching element

Claims

1. Crane (10) comprising a boom and two independently operable hoist winches, on each of which a hoist rope (21, 22) guided over the boom (16) is mounted so as to be wound up and unwound, wherein each of the hoist ropes (21, 22) carries a load-bearing device (23, 24) for securing a load (1), characterized byA lifting device (20) for lifting a load, comprising an upper part (30) with first deflection pulleys (31) attached to the boom, in particular pivotably, and a lower part (40) pivotably connected to the upper part about a horizontal pivot axis (32) with second deflection pulleys (41) whose axes of rotation are parallel to the pivot axis (32), wherein the lifting cables (21, 22) are each guided over a first deflection pulley (31) and a second deflection pulley (41) and are attached at their free ends to the lower part (40), wherein the deflection pulleys (31, 41) and the pivot axis (32) are arranged such that, by an asynchronous actuation of the lifting cable winches, a pivoting movement of the lower part (40) relative to the upper part (30) can be used to selectively rotate a load (1) connected to both load-handling devices (23, 24) about a load rotation axis parallel to the pivot axis (32).

2. Crane (10) according to claim 1, wherein the upper part (30) is detachably connected to the lower part (40) and has fastening elements (34) for fastening the free ends of the lifting ropes (23, 24), so that the erection device (20) can be used in a first configuration only with the upper part (30) and lifting ropes (23, 24) attached to the upper part (30) or in a second configuration with upper and lower part (30, 40) and lifting ropes (23, 24) attached to the lower part (40).

3. Crane (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper part (30) comprises exactly two first axes of rotation with first deflection pulleys (31) and / or the lower part (40) comprises exactly two second axes of rotation with second deflection pulleys (41), wherein the second axes of rotation preferably have a greater distance between each other than the first axes of rotation.

4. Crane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the erection device (20) comprises at least one limit switch (60) arranged in particular on the lower part (40), which is designed to stop the crane when a maximum rope angle (α) is reached. max ) of a lifting rope to output a signal, where the maximum rope angle (α) max ) relative to the vertical preferably 20-40°, particularly preferably 25-35°.

5. Crane (10) according to claim 4, comprising a control unit by means of which the lifting winches can be controlled and which is connected to the at least one limit switch (60), wherein the control unit is configured to output a control signal to at least one lifting winch upon receiving the signal from the at least one limit switch (60), in particular to stop an ongoing lifting winch movement and / or to allow only one unwinding of the lifting rope (21, 22) for at least one of the lifting winches.

6. Crane (10) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the at least one limit switch (60), in particular via a parallelogram mechanism (50), is arranged on the lower part (40) such that its orientation relative to the vertical remains constant regardless of the pivot position of the lower part (40).

7. Crane (10) according to claim 6, wherein the at least one limit switch (60) is arranged on a bracket (53) rotatably attached to the lower part (40), wherein the bracket (53) is connected to the upper part (30) via a coupling member, which is pivotably connected to the upper part (30) via a first joint connection and pivotably connected to the bracket (53) via a second joint connection (52), wherein the first and second joint connections, the axis of rotation of the bracket (53) and the pivot axis (32) form the joints of a parallelogram guide, wherein the axis of rotation of the bracket (53) preferably corresponds to the axis of rotation of a second deflection pulley (41).

8. Crane (10) according to claim 7, wherein the lower part (40) comprises at least one pivotably mounted contacting unit, which is designed such that it is connected to a lifting rope (21, 22) at its maximum rope angle (α) max ) is contacted and pressed against a switching element (62) of a limit switch (60), wherein the contacting unit preferably comprises a pivotably mounted roller arm (54) with a roller (49) that can be contacted by the lifting cable (21, 22) and, in particular, a contacting plate (55) connected to the roller arm (54) for contacting the switching element (62) at the maximum cable angle (α) max ) includes.

9. Crane (10) according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein two limit switches are arranged on the lower part (40), each of which sets a maximum rope angle (α) max) of a lifting cable (21, 22), wherein the limit switches (60) are preferably arranged in the area of ​​the second deflection pulleys (41), in particular on rotatably mounted supports of the second deflection pulleys (41).

10. Crane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower part (40) comprises a substantially triangular and in particular isosceles frame (42), at the lower corners of which the second deflection pulleys (41) are arranged and at the upper corner of which the pivot axis (32) is located, and / or wherein the upper part (30) is attached to the boom (16), in particular to a boom head (18), about a pivot axis (32) extending parallel to a rocker axis of the boom (16).

11. Crane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower part comprises a multi-part frame (40) and can be disassembled for transport or assembled in a transport position with reduced dimensions, wherein the frame (40) has retaining means (46) for connecting the frame parts (43, 44) in the transport position, wherein preferably a first frame part (43) comprises the pivot axis (32) and a second frame part (44) comprises the second deflection rollers (41).

12. Crane (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the axes of rotation of the first and second deflection pulleys (31, 41) run parallel to each other and in particular perpendicular to a rocking axis of the boom (16) and / or wherein the erection device (20) has a structure symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane (34) passing through the pivot axis (32).

13. Erection device (20) for a crane (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

14. Set comprising a lifting device (20) according to the preceding claim and at least one further lower part with a different arrangement, in particular a different distance, of the second deflection pulleys (41), wherein the lower part (40) of the lifting device (20) is detachably connected to the upper part (30) and is interchangeable by the at least one further lower part in order to lift loads of different sizes.

15. Method for erecting a load (1) by means of a crane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the lifting winches are actuated asynchronously, whereby the load-bearing means (23, 24) move away from each other in a vertical direction and the load (1) is erected about a load rotation axis running parallel to the pivot axis (32) between the upper and lower part (30, 40) of the erecting device (20), wherein during the erecting process the lower part (40) rotates relative to the upper part (30).

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