Circuit arrangement and method for operating a circuit arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (10) set up for charging and / or discharging a high-power battery (12) and to a method for operating a circuit arrangement (10) of this kind. The circuit arrangement (10) comprises a transformer (22), which divides the circuit arrangement (10) into a primary part (14) and a secondary part (16), a first AC / DC converter circuit (20) in the primary part (14), and a second AC / DC converter circuit (28) and a DC link capacitor (30) in the secondary part (16). The DC link capacitor (30) can be precharged using power from the high-power battery (12). To this end, the current from the high-power battery (12) can be limited, in particular, using a precharging circuit (38, 38'). The circuit arrangement (10) is thus capable of black starting.

Description

[0001] Title: Circuit arrangement and a method for operating a circuit arrangement

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a circuit arrangement which is designed for charging and / or discharging a high-performance battery, with features of claim 1 and a method for operating such a circuit arrangement with features of claim 13.

[0004] Circuit arrangements with an intermediate circuit capacitor are known from the prior art.

[0005] DE 10 2014 217 908 A1 and DE 10 2015 210 922 A1 each describe a circuit arrangement with an intermediate circuit capacitor that is connected to a battery. The electrical power of the battery is transformed by means of a transformer from a first part of the circuit arrangement into a second part of the circuit arrangement. The power can be tapped in the second part of the circuit arrangement. The intermediate circuit capacitor arranged in the second part of the circuit arrangement is supplied with power by means of the transformed power of the battery.

[0006] When the circuit is switched off, the intermediate circuit capacitor can discharge completely. However, before the circuit can be switched back on again, it must be charged. This is challenging because it usually has a high capacitance. In addition, the intermediate circuit voltage applied to it when switched on is high, often over 100 V, and in many cases over 500 V. Directly applying a voltage to a capacitor leads to very high peak currents that can damage components. When the circuit is supplied with mains power again, the intermediate circuit capacitor is usually pre-charged in a controlled manner. However, if the circuit is switched on exclusively from the battery side, e.g. in island grid operation, pre-charging presents a particular challenge because the pre-charging current must be conducted via the transformer.

[0007] It is an object of the present application to provide a circuit arrangement and a method for operating a circuit arrangement, wherein the above disadvantages are eliminated.

[0008] The above object is achieved by a circuit arrangement which is designed for charging and / or discharging a high-performance battery, having the features of claim 1. The circuit arrangement comprises a primary part and a secondary part. The primary part can be designed as a low-voltage side and the secondary part can be designed as a high-voltage side. The secondary part can comprise a direct current intermediate circuit connection, also called a DC link connection.

[0009] The circuit arrangement comprises at least one connection point arranged in the primary part for providing and / or receiving electrical power. This connection point is designed such that a high-performance battery can be connected to it. The high-performance battery can provide and / or draw an electrical voltage and / or an electrical current.

[0010] In this case, a high-performance battery means in particular a battery for connection to a power supply network.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the high-performance battery can deliver an electrical power of greater than or equal to 20 kW (kilowatts).

[0012] According to one embodiment, the electrical voltage of the high-performance battery in nominal operation can be greater than or equal to 75 V (volts).

[0013] According to one embodiment, the permissible electrical current for charging and / or discharging the high-performance battery can be greater than or equal to 10 A (amperes).

[0014] According to one embodiment, the high-performance battery can be part of the circuit arrangement.

[0015] In this case, a high-performance battery refers in particular to a flow battery storage arrangement, such as that described, for example, in DE 10 2015 210 922 A1 as a flow battery system. The present circuit arrangement is particularly suitable for use in such a flow battery storage arrangement.

[0016] The circuit arrangement comprises at least one first AC / DC converter circuit arranged in the primary part. An AC / DC converter circuit refers to an alternating current / direct current converter circuit that is particularly designed to be bidirectionally operable. The present first AC / DC converter circuit is designed to be bidirectionally operable.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the first AC / DC converter circuit can be designed as a first switching bridge, which preferably has at least a first transistor and a second transistor, and particularly preferably additionally has a third transistor and a fourth transistor.

[0018] The first AC / DC converter circuit is electrically connected to the connection point. The first AC / DC converter circuit is electrically connectable, in particular, to the high-performance battery.

[0019] Circuit arrangement comprises at least one transformer. The transformer has at least one first winding arranged in the primary part and at least one second winding arranged in the secondary part. The first winding of the transformer is electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit. By means of the transformer, electrical power, in particular electrical current and / or electrical voltage, can be transformed, in particular stepped up, from the primary part into the secondary part. Alternatively or additionally, by means of the transformer, electrical power, in particular electrical current and / or electrical voltage, can be transformed, in particular stepped down, from the secondary part into the primary part.

[0020] "Step-up" means that the voltage is increased. "Step-down" means that the voltage is decreased. The transformer also serves as a galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary sections. This allows the secondary section to be at a different voltage potential than the primary section. This can also serve as a safety measure against dangerous voltages, and the transformer can be designed for this purpose.

[0021] The circuit arrangement comprises at least one second AC / DC converter circuit arranged in the secondary part. The second AC / DC converter circuit is designed to be bidirectionally operable.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the second AC / DC converter circuit can be designed as a second switching bridge. The second AC / DC converter circuit is electrically connected to the second winding of the transformer.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit can each be configured as a bidirectional rectifier and / or inverter. In other words, the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit can each be configured to convert direct current into alternating current.

[0024] Alternatively or additionally, the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit may be configured to convert alternating current into direct current.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuits can be configured analogously to one another, in particular identically. The circuit arrangement comprises at least one intermediate circuit capacitor arranged in the secondary part. The intermediate circuit capacitor is electrically connected to the second AC / DC converter circuit.

[0026] The circuit arrangement is configured such that, when the intermediate circuit capacitor is discharged, in particular completely, and the high-performance battery is electrically connected to the connection point, the electrical current of the high-performance battery for precharging, in particular for fully charging, the intermediate circuit capacitor can be limited by means of the high-performance battery. Limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery serves, in particular, to protect the circuit arrangement and its components, in particular the components arranged in the secondary part.

[0027] The circuit arrangement can be designed in such a way that the intermediate circuit capacitor can be precharged / charged even if there is no or insufficient electrical power supply in the secondary part to control the second AC / DC converter circuit.

[0028] In particular, the secondary part of the circuit arrangement can be completely free of electrical power supply during the precharging / charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor, except for the electrical power which is transformed from the primary part to charge the intermediate circuit capacitor.

[0029] This allows a black start capability of the

[0030] circuit arrangement can be realized. Starting up the circuit arrangement independently of the power grid is referred to as a black start. Black start capability is the ability of the circuit arrangement to go from a switched off state to an switched on operating state independently of the power grid. In addition, the power loss can be adjusted or minimized and overheating of the circuit arrangement or its components can be avoided. Furthermore, the intermediate circuit capacitor can be precharged or charged by means of the high-performance battery via the primary part of the circuit arrangement. An additional electrical power supply for precharging the intermediate circuit capacitor can therefore be omitted.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the circuit arrangement can comprise at least one capacitor, in particular arranged in the primary part.

[0032] The capacitor may be electrically connected to the junction point.

[0033] The capacitor may be electrically connected or connectable to the high-capacity battery. The capacitor may be electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the first AC / DC converter circuit may comprise at least one transistor, in particular at least two transistors.

[0035] Additionally or alternatively, the second AC / DC converter circuit may comprise at least one transistor, in particular at least two transistors. The first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit may be controlled or switched by means of the transistor(s).

[0036] According to one embodiment, the first AC / DC converter circuit can be designed as a full bridge comprising four transistors.

[0037] Additionally or alternatively, the second AC / DC converter circuit can be designed as a full bridge comprising four transistors. This allows the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit to be implemented using simple means.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the circuit arrangement can comprise at least one pre-charging circuit for limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery for charging the intermediate circuit capacitor, in particular arranged in the primary part. By limiting the electrical current by means of the pre-charging circuit, the circuit arrangement or its components, in particular the components arranged in the secondary part of the circuit arrangement, can be protected from excessive electrical current.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the precharging circuit can be electrically connected to the connection point.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the precharging circuit can be arranged on the primary side.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the pre-charging circuit can be designed to generate an alternating current, in particular a current-limited alternating current, which is fed to the first winding.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the pre-charging circuit can be electrically connected to the high-performance battery or can be electrically connected.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, the pre-charging circuit may be electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit.

[0044] This means that the electrical power of the high-performance battery can be at least partially directed via the pre-charging circuit.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the precharging circuit may comprise at least one electrical current-limiting component. The electrical current-limiting component may be embodied as an electrical resistor.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the precharging circuit may comprise at least one charging transistor, in particular two charging transistors.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the pre-charging circuit may comprise one or more series circuits, each comprising one of the charging transistors, which is connected in series with one of the current limiting components.

[0048] According to one embodiment, one, in particular several, preferably all, series circuits of the pre-charging circuit can be connected in parallel to one of the transistors of the AC / DC converter circuit. According to one embodiment, the electrical

[0049] Current limiting module must be electrically connected to the connection point.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the electrical current limiting component can be electrically connected or connectable to the high-performance battery.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the electrical current limiting component can be electrically connected to the charging transistor or the charging transistors.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the charging transistor or the charging transistors may be electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit.

[0053] Using the means mentioned above, the pre-charging circuit can be implemented with simple means and integrated into the circuit arrangement.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the circuit arrangement can be designed such that the charging transistor(s) can be switched synchronously with predefined transistors of the first AC / DC converter circuit. This allows the precharging circuit to be implemented particularly economically and efficiently.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the circuit arrangement can comprise at least one step-up converter, in particular arranged in the secondary part. By step-up converter is meant here a converter which is designed to convert a first direct voltage into a second increased direct voltage, at least in one direction. It is also called a boost converter. The step-up converter can be electrically connected to the second AC / DC converter circuit. Additionally or alternatively, the step-up converter can be electrically connected to the intermediate circuit capacitor. The step-up converter can be set up to be operable bidirectionally. It can be set up to be operable as a step-up converter in one direction and as a step-down converter in the other direction. By step-down converter is meant here a converter which is designed to convert a first direct voltage into a second reduced direct voltage, at least in one direction. It is also called a buck converter.

[0056] The boost converter can also be designed to be used in one direction both as a boost and as a buck converter.

[0057] The boost converter can also be designed to be used in both directions as a boost and a buck converter.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the boost converter can comprise at least one coil and at least one, in particular two, converter transistors. This allows the boost converter to be implemented using simple means.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the circuit arrangement can comprise at least one further capacitor, in particular arranged in the secondary part. The further capacitor can be electrically connected to the boost converter.

[0060] The other capacitor can also be connected to the

[0061] Circuit arrangement can be precharged. According to one embodiment, at least one transistor or all transistors of the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit can each be designed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).

[0062] According to one embodiment, at least one charging transistor or all charging transistors of the pre-charging circuit can be designed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).

[0063] According to one embodiment, at least one converter transistor or all converter transistors can be designed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). This allows the transistor, the charging transistor, and the converter transistor to be implemented using simple means.

[0064] According to one embodiment, a diode can be connected in parallel to at least one transistor, in particular to several, preferably to all transistors, of the first and / or second AC / DC converter circuit. The diode can be designed as a parasitic diode of the respective transistor.

[0065] According to one embodiment, a diode can be connected to at least one charging transistor or to all charging transistors of the precharging circuit. The diode can be designed as a parasitic diode of the respective charging transistor.

[0066] According to one embodiment, at least one

[0067] A diode may be connected to each converter transistor or to all converter transistors. The diode can be used as a parasitic

[0068] Diode of the respective converter transistor. This allows electrical power, in particular electrical current, to be passed through the transistor, the charging transistor and / or the converter transistor, even if the respective transistor, the respective charging transistor and / or the respective converter transistor is not controlled or is switched off. This is particularly important in the secondary part, and there in particular in the second AC / DC converter circuit, if this does not have a sufficient power supply to control the transistors. The diode(s) can be arranged such that it is / are polarized in the reverse direction during normal operation of the transistors.

[0069] The above object is further achieved by a method for operating a circuit arrangement according to the above embodiments with the features of claim 13. The method comprises the steps:

[0070] Providing the circuit arrangement according to the above embodiments, wherein the intermediate circuit capacitor of the circuit arrangement is at least partially, in particular completely, discharged. In this case, in particular, no electrical power or insufficient electrical power for normal operation may be present in the secondary part of the circuit arrangement.

[0071] Providing a high-performance battery connected to the circuit arrangement. The high-performance battery can be connected to the connection point of the circuit arrangement. Precharging the intermediate circuit capacitor of the circuit arrangement using electrical power from the high-performance battery.

[0072] Limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery during precharging of the intermediate circuit capacitor. This limitation serves in particular to protect the circuit arrangement and / or its components, especially the components located in the secondary section.

[0073] During precharging of the intermediate circuit capacitor, the second AC / DC converter circuit located in the secondary section is not activated or is only insufficiently activated for converter operation. The second AC / DC converter circuit can, in particular, be kept passive. In this case, "kept passive" means that the second AC / DC converter circuit is not actively activated or no electrical power is applied to the second AC / DC converter circuit (except for the electrical power provided by the high-performance battery and transformed into the secondary section by the transformer).

[0074] With regard to the advantages achievable with the method, reference is made to the relevant explanations of the circuit arrangement. The measures described in connection with the circuit arrangement and / or those explained below may serve to further refine the method.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the method may comprise the steps of: fully charging the intermediate circuit capacitor by means of the high-performance battery when the intermediate circuit capacitor is discharged and / or pre-charged.

[0076] Limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery during full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor. This limitation serves in particular to protect the circuit arrangement and / or its components, especially the components located in the secondary section.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the method, the first AC / DC converter circuit can be kept at least partially passive during the precharging and / or full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor by means of the high-performance battery. In this case, "partially passive" means that at least one element, e.g.

[0078] Transformer, in particular two elements, of the first AC / DC converter circuit there is no or insufficient electrical power supply to control the element of the second AC / DC converter circuit.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the method may comprise the steps:

[0080] Providing a circuit arrangement with a precharging circuit having at least one electrical current-limiting component and at least one charging transistor, in particular two charging transistors, according to the above embodiments, wherein the first AC / DC converter circuit and / or the second AC / DC converter circuit each comprise at least one transistor, in particular at least two transistors. During the precharging and / or the full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor of the circuit arrangement, the following steps are carried out or repeated at least once, in particular several times, preferably cyclically:

[0081] Switching on a first charging transistor of the precharging circuit and a first transistor of the first AC / DC converter circuit so that an electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component can flow through the first winding of the transformer in a first direction.

[0082] Switching off the first charging transistor of the pre-charging circuit and the first transistor of the first AC / DC converter circuit.

[0083] Switching on a second charging transistor of the precharging circuit and a second transistor of the first AC / DC converter circuit, so that an electrical current limited by the electrical current-limiting component can flow through the first winding of the transformer in a second direction. The second direction is oriented opposite to the first direction.

[0084] Switching off the second charging transistor of the pre-charging circuit and the second transistor of the first AC / DC converter circuit.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the method can comprise the steps of: providing a circuit arrangement with a pre-charging circuit with at least one electrical current limiting component and at least one charging transistor, in particular two charging transistors, according to the above embodiments.

[0086] Inducing an alternating electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component into the second winding of the transformer during precharging and / or full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor.

[0087] Rectifying the alternating current induced and limited in the second winding of the transformer by means of the second AC / DC converter circuit.

[0088] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows:

[0089] Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention;

[0090] Fig. 2 shows an alternative circuit arrangement according to the invention.

[0091] In the following description and in the figures, corresponding components and elements bear the same reference symbols. For the sake of clarity, not all reference symbols are shown for all components and elements.

[0092] Disclosed in both embodiments of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is a circuit arrangement 10 configured to charge and / or discharge a high-performance battery 12, which may in particular be a flow battery. Also disclosed is a method for operating such a circuit arrangement 10. Such a circuit arrangement 10 may, for example, be a DC / DC converter unit 5, 6, 7 disclosed in DE 10 2015 210 922 A1.

[0093] The circuit arrangement 10 has a transformer 22 which divides the circuit arrangement 10 into a primary part 14 and a secondary part 16. In addition, the circuit arrangement 10 has a first AC / DC converter circuit 20 in the primary part 14 and a second AC / DC converter circuit 28 as well as an intermediate circuit capacitor 30 in the secondary part 16. The intermediate circuit capacitor 30 can be pre-charged with power from the high-performance battery 12. For this purpose, the current from the high-performance battery 12 can be limited in particular with a pre-charging circuit 38, 38'. The circuit arrangement 10 is therefore capable of black starting.

[0094] Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of the circuit arrangement 10 according to the invention. The circuit arrangement 10 is designed to charge and / or discharge a high-performance battery 12. The circuit arrangement 10 comprises a primary part 14 and a secondary part 16. The circuit arrangement 10 comprises at least one connection point 18 arranged in the primary part 14 for providing and / or receiving electrical power. In the present case, the high-performance battery 12 is electrically connected to the connection point 18 (or connected to the connection point 18). Such a connection point 18 can, for example, be a first DC connection pair 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b as disclosed in DE 10 2015 210 922 A1. The circuit arrangement 10 comprises a first AC / DC converter circuit 20 arranged in the primary part 14. The first AC / DC converter circuit 20 is designed to be bidirectionally operable and is electrically connected to the connection point 18.In the present case, the first AC / DC converter circuit 20 is designed as a first switching bridge (full bridge) with four transistors 34a to 34d. A first transistor 34a and a second transistor 34b are connected in parallel. A third transistor 34c and a fourth transistor 34d are also connected in parallel. The first transistor 34a and the third transistor 34c are connected in series. The second transistor 34b and the fourth transistor 34d are also connected in series.

[0095] The circuit arrangement 10 comprises at least one transformer 22. The transformer 22 has at least one first winding 24 arranged in the primary part 14 and at least one second winding 26 arranged in the secondary part 16. The first winding 24 is electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit 20.

[0096] The circuit arrangement 10 comprises a second AC / DC converter circuit 28 arranged in the secondary part 16. The second AC / DC converter circuit 28 is designed to be bidirectionally operable and is electrically connected to the second winding 26 of the transformer 22. In the present case, the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 is designed as a second switching bridge (full bridge) with four transistors 36a to 36d.

[0097] A first transistor 36a and a second transistor 36b are connected in parallel. A third transistor 36c and a fourth transistor 36d are also connected in parallel. The first transistor 36a and the third transistor 36c are connected in series. The second transistor 36b and the fourth transistor 36b are also connected in series.

[0098] The circuit arrangement 10 comprises an intermediate circuit capacitor 30 arranged in the secondary part 16. The intermediate circuit capacitor 30 is electrically connected to the second AC / DC converter circuit 28.

[0099] The circuit arrangement 10 comprises a DC intermediate circuit connection 19, also called a DC link connection, arranged in the secondary part 16. This can be used, for example, in

[0100] DE 10 2015 210 922 Al correspond to the second DC connection pairs 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b.

[0101] The circuit arrangement 10 is in this respect similar to the schematic diagram of a DC / DC converter unit according to Fig. 2 from DE 10 2015 210 922 A1.

[0102] The circuit arrangement 10 here additionally comprises a capacitor 32. The capacitor 32 is electrically connected to the connection point 18. The capacitor 32 is also electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit 20.

[0103] The circuit arrangement 10 in this case comprises a pre-charging circuit 38 for limiting the electrical current for charging the intermediate circuit capacitor 30. The pre-charging circuit 38 in Figure 1 comprises an electrical current limiting component 40 and two charging transistors 42a, 42b. The two charging transistors 42a, 42b are connected in parallel to one another. The electrical current limiting component 40 is in this case designed as an electrical resistor. The electrical current limiting component 40 is electrically connected to the connection point 18 and the two charging transistors 42a, 42b. The two charging transistors 42a, 42b are electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit 20. A first charging transistor 42a is electrically connected to the second transistor 34b and the fourth transistor 34d. A second charging transistor 42b is electrically connected to the first transistor 34a and the third transistor 34c.

[0104] The circuit arrangement 10 shown in Figure 2 differs from that shown in Figure 1 only by an alternative further pre-charging circuit 38'. Two charging transistors 42a', 42b' are also provided. Two current limiting components 40a, 40b are now provided. The electrical current limiting components 40a, 40b are each designed as an electrical resistor in the present case. The electrical current limiting components 40a, 40b can be designed identically. The charging transistors 42a', 42b' are connected in series. The current limiting components 40a, 40b are also inserted in series into this series circuit. The first current limiting component 40a is arranged (as in Figure 1, the current limiting component 40) between the connection point 18 to the high-performance battery 12 and the first charging transistor 42a'. The second current limiting component 40b is arranged between the first charging transistor 42a' and the second charging transistor 42b'.The connection point of the first charging transistor 42a' and the second current limiting component 40b is electrically connected to the connection point of the fourth transistor 34d and the second transistor 34b. The circuit arrangement 10 includes both.

[0105] From the examples shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 a

[0106] Boost converter 44, which is arranged in the secondary part 16. The boost converter 44 here comprises a coil 46 and two converter transistors 48a, 48b. The two converter transistors 48a, 48b are connected in series. The coil 46 is electrically connected to a first converter transistor 48a and a second converter transistor 48b. The coil 46 is also electrically connected to the third transistor 36c and the fourth transistor 36d of the second AC / DC converter circuit 28. The coil 46 is also electrically connected to the intermediate circuit capacitor 30. The first converter transistor 48a is electrically connected to the first transistor 36a of the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 and the intermediate circuit capacitor 30.

[0107] The circuit arrangement 10 has a further capacitor 50. The further capacitor 50 is electrically connected to the first converter transistor 48a and the second converter transistor 48b. The further capacitor 50 is also electrically connected to the intermediate circuit capacitor 30. The further capacitor 50 is also electrically connected to the DC intermediate circuit terminal 19.

[0108] The further capacitor 50 can also be precharged with the circuit arrangement 10.

[0109] The boost converter 44 and the additional capacitor 50 are optional. If these elements are not provided, the terminals of the intermediate circuit capacitor 30 are connected directly to the DC link terminal 19. In this case, all transistors 34a-34d, 36a-36d, all charging transistors 42a, 42b, 42a', 42b', and all converter transistors 48a, 48b are designed as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

[0110] In the present case, all transistors 34a-34d, 36a-36d, all charging transistors 42a, 42b, 42a', 42b', and all converter transistors 48a, 48b each have a diode 52 connected in parallel. The diodes 52 can each be designed as a parasitic diode of the respective transistor 34a-34d, 36a-36d, charging transistor 42a, 42b, 42a', 42b', and converter transistor 48a, 48b. For the sake of clarity, only the diode 52 of the third transistor 34c has been provided with a reference symbol in Figures 1 and 2.

[0111] The method for operating the circuit arrangements 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is described below:

[0112] First, the circuit arrangement 10 is provided, wherein the high-performance battery 12 is or will be connected to the connection point 18 of the circuit arrangement 10. The intermediate circuit capacitor 30 is pre-charged by means of electrical power from the high-performance battery 12. To protect the circuit arrangement 10 and its components, in particular the components arranged in the secondary part 16, the electrical power of the high-performance battery 12 is limited during pre-charging. While the intermediate circuit capacitor 30 is being pre-charged, the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 arranged in the secondary part 16 is not controlled or is only inadequately controlled for converter operation. In particular, the transistors 36a to 36d of the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 can be switched off while the intermediate circuit capacitor 30 is being pre-charged.In other words, the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 or the individual transistors 36a to 36d of the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 can be kept passive.

[0113] It is also conceivable that an already precharged intermediate circuit capacitor 30 can be fully charged by means of the high-performance battery 12.

[0114] During the pre-charging or during the complete charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor 30 of the circuit arrangement 10, the following steps are carried out successively and repeated cyclically until the intermediate circuit capacitor 30 is pre-charged or completely charged:

[0115] In Figure 1: Switching on the first charging transistor 42a of the pre-charging circuit 38 and the first transistor 34a of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20 (active control) so that an electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component 40 can flow through the first winding 24 of the transformer 22 in a first direction.

[0116] Turning off the first charging transistor 42a of the precharging circuit 38 and the first transistor 34a of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20.

[0117] Switching on the second charging transistor 42b of the

[0118] Precharge circuit 38 and the second transistor 34b of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20. Thus, an electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component 40 can flow through the first winding 24 of the transformer 22 in a second direction, wherein the second direction is oriented opposite to the first direction.

[0119] Turning off the second charging transistor 42b of the precharging circuit 38 and the second transistor 34b of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20.

[0120] In Figure 2: Switching on the first charging transistor 42a 'of the pre-charging circuit 38' and the first transistor 34a of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20 (active control) so that an electrical current limited by the first electrical current limiting component 40a can flow through the first winding 24 of the transformer 22 in a first direction.

[0121] Turning off the first charging transistor 42a ' of the precharging circuit 38 ' and the first transistor 34a of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20 .

[0122] Turning on the second charging transistor 42b ' of the precharging circuit 38 ' and the third transistor 34c of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20 .

[0123] Thus, an electrical current limited by the second electrical current limiting component 40b can flow through the first winding 24 of the transformer 22 in a second direction, wherein the second direction is oriented opposite to the first direction. Switching off the second charging transistor 42b' of the precharging circuit 38' and the third transistor 34c of the first AC / DC converter circuit 20.

[0124] Thus, in the circuit arrangement 10 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a limited alternating current can be fed into the first winding 24 of the transformer 22. Correspondingly, a limited alternating current is transformed into the second winding 26 of the transformer 22. A limited alternating current is thus applied to the second AC / DC converter circuit 28. In particular, due to the diodes 52, the alternating current transformed into the secondary part 16 by means of the transformer 22 and applied to the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 is converted into direct current, even if the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 or its individual transistors 36a to 36d are kept passive or are not actively controlled.

[0125] Since the alternating current transformed into the secondary part 16 by the transformer 22 is limited, the direct current converted by the second AC / DC converter circuit 28 is also limited. The intermediate circuit capacitor 30 can thus be precharged or charged with a limited direct current.

[0126] It is evident from both exemplary embodiments of the circuit arrangement 10 that the basic principle of the precharging circuit 38, 38' can be implemented in different ways. Further embodiments are conceivable which, following the same principle, can achieve the same advantages. It has been recognized that an embodiment of the circuit arrangement

[0127] 10 according to Fig. 1 Advantages compared to an embodiment according to

[0128] Fig. 2, even if the control appears more complex.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Circuit arrangement (10) which is designed for charging and / or discharging a high-performance battery (12), comprising a primary part (14) and a secondary part (16), at least one connection point (18) arranged in the primary part (14) for providing and / or receiving electrical power, wherein the high-performance battery (12) can be connected to the connection point (18), at least one first AC / DC converter circuit (20) arranged in the primary part (14), which is designed in particular as a first switching bridge, wherein the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) is designed to be bidirectionally operable, wherein the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) is electrically connected to the connection point (18), at least one transformer (22) with at least one first winding (24) arranged in the primary part (14) and at least one second winding (26) arranged in the secondary part (16),wherein the first winding (24) is electrically connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit (20), at least one second AC / DC converter circuit (28) arranged in the secondary part (16), which is designed in particular as a second switching bridge, wherein the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) is designed to be bidirectionally operable, wherein the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) is electrically connected to the second winding (26) of the transformer (22), at least one intermediate circuit capacitor (30) arranged in the secondary part (16), wherein the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) is electrically connected to the second AC / DC converter circuit (28), wherein the circuit arrangement (10) is set up such that when the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) is, in particular completely, discharged and the high-performance battery (12) is electrically connected to the connection point (18), the electrical current of the high-performance battery (12), in particular for protecting the circuit arrangement (10) and its components, for pre-charging, in particular for fully charging, the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) by means of the high-performance battery (12), can be limited.

2. Circuit arrangement (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit arrangement (10) comprises at least one capacitor (32), wherein the capacitor (32) is electrically connected to the connection point (18) and / or the first AC / DC converter circuit (20).

3. Circuit arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) and / or the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) each comprise at least one transistor (34a-34d, 36a-36d), in particular at least two transistors (34a-34d, 36a-36d).

4. Circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) and / or the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) are each designed as a four transistors (34a-34d, 36a-36d) comprising a full bridge.

5. Circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit arrangement (10) comprises at least one precharging circuit (38, 38') for limiting the electrical current for charging the intermediate circuit capacitor (30).

6. Circuit arrangement (10) according to the preceding claim 5, characterized in that the precharging circuit (38, 38 ') is designed to generate an alternating current which is supplied to the first winding (24).

7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the pre-charging circuit (38, 38') comprises at least one electrical current limiting component (40, 40a, 40b), which is designed in particular as an electrical resistor, and at least one charging transistor (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b'), in particular two charging transistors (42a, 42b; 42a', 42b'), wherein at least one electrical current limiting component (40, 40a, 40b) is electrically connected to the connection point (18) and at least one charging transistor (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b') or the charging transistors (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b'), wherein the charging transistor (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b') or the charging transistors (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b') is connected to the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) are electrically connected.

8. Circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Circuit arrangement (10) comprises at least one boost converter (44), wherein the boost converter (44) is electrically connected to the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) and / or the intermediate circuit capacitor (30).

9. Circuit arrangement (10) according to the preceding claim 8, characterized in that the boost converter (44) comprises at least one coil (46) and at least two converter transistors (48a, 48b).

10. Circuit arrangement (10) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the circuit arrangement (10) comprises at least one further capacitor (50), wherein the further capacitor (50) is electrically connected to the boost converter (44).

11. Circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one of claims 3, 7 or 9, characterized in that at least one transistor (34a-34d, 36a-36d), in particular all transistors (34a-34d, 36a-36d), at least one charging transistor (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b'), in particular all charging transistors (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b'), and / or at least one converter transistor (48a, 48b), in particular all converter transistors (48a, 48b), are each designed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

12. Circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one of claims 3, 7 or 9, characterized in that parallel to the at least one transistor (34a-34d, 36a-36d), in particular to all transistors (34a-34d, 36a-36d), to the at least one charging transistor (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b'), in particular to all charging transistors (42a, 42b, 42a', 42b') and / or to the at least one converter transistor (48a, 48b), in particular to all converter transistors (48a, 48b), a diode (52) is connected.

13. A method for operating a circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps: Providing the circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) of the circuit arrangement (10) is, in particular completely, discharged; Providing a high-performance battery (12) connected to the circuit arrangement (10), in particular to the connection point (18) of the circuit arrangement (10); Precharging the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) by means of an electrical power from the high-performance battery (12); Limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery (12) during the pre-charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30), in particular to protect the circuit arrangement (10) and / or its components; wherein during the pre-charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30), the second AC / DC converter circuit (28) arranged in the secondary part (16) is not controlled or is only insufficiently controlled for converter operation.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the method comprises the steps: Fully charge the DC link capacitor (30) by means of the high-performance battery (12) when the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) is discharged and / or precharged; Limiting the electrical current of the high-performance battery (12) during the complete charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30), in particular to protect the circuit arrangement (10) and / or its components.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that during the precharging and / or the complete charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) by means of the high-performance battery (12), the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) is kept at least partially passive.

16. Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the method comprises the steps: Providing a circuit arrangement (10) according to at least claims 3 and 7, wherein during the precharging and / or the full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30) of the circuit arrangement (10), the following steps are carried out or repeated at least once, in particular several times, preferably cyclically: Switching on the first charging transistor (42a, 42a') of the pre-charging circuit (38, 38') and the first transistor (34a) of the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) so that an electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component (40, 40a) can flow through the first winding (24) of the transformer (22) in a first direction; Switching off the first charging transistor (42a, 42a' ) the precharge circuit (38, 38') and the first transistor (34a) of the first AC / DC converter circuit (20); Switching on the second charging transistor (42b, 42b') of the pre-charging circuit (38, 38') and the second or third transistor (34b, 34c) of the first AC / DC converter circuit (20) so that an electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting component (40, 40b) can flow through the first winding (24) of the transformer (22) in a second direction, the second direction being oriented opposite to the first direction; Switching off the second charging transistor (42b, 42b') of the precharging circuit (38, 38') and the second or third transistor (34b, 34c) of the first AC / DC converter circuit (20).

17. Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the method comprises the steps: Providing a circuit arrangement (10) according to at least claim 7, Inducing an alternating electrical current limited by the electrical current limiting module (40, 40a, 40b) into the second winding (26) of the transformer (22) during precharging and / or full charging of the intermediate circuit capacitor (30), Rectifying the alternating current induced and limited in the second winding (26) of the transformer (22) by means of the second AC / DC converter circuit (28).

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