Hook block for a crane, cheek weight, and crane

Abstract

The invention relates to a hook block (101) for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body (103, 105), a crane hook (125), and an additional weight (201), wherein the crane rope is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) in an operating position, and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope along a lifting axis (181), wherein the crane hook (125) is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of the additional weight (201), which is fixed, in particular reversibly, to a receiving device (131, 141) of the hook block. The invention further relates to an additional weight (201) for a hook block and a crane.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body, a crane hook and an additional weight, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body in an operating position and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope along a lifting axis, wherein the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body for receiving the load and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of the additional weight which is fixed, in particular reversibly, to a receiving device of the hook block.The invention further relates to a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body in an operating position and the hook block is suspended along a lifting axis on the crane rope, the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in an operating position is variably adjustable by means of an additional weight reversibly fixable to a receiving device of the hook block, an additional weight for a hook block, comprising a engagement for applying it to a receiving device of a hook block according to one of the preceding embodiments, and a crane with a hook block and / or an additional weight.

[0002] Depending on the intended use, crane hook blocks are weighted with one or more additional weights as needed. This is done, for example, to stabilize the hook block and thus a lifting sling consisting of a hook block and a crane rope. This stabilization with additional weights is achieved, for instance, to stretch the crane rope, prevent a relatively rigid and high-strength crane rope from slipping off the hook block's sheaves, or to adjust or change the natural frequency of an oscillating crane sling. In particular, the loading with additional weights serves to stabilize and / or preload the hook block without a suspended load, especially to act as a counterweight to the crane rope or to compensate for the inherent tension-related behavior of the crane rope.The corresponding additional weights can be reversibly fixed to the hook bottle, although for certain operating conditions it is often necessary or desirable to remove the additional weights.

[0003] US patent 2022 / 0220942 A1 describes a method for handling wind turbines and a corresponding crane system. It discloses a crane hook block with screwed-on additional weights.

[0004] In particular, when the hook block is used to support a vibrating device for driving sheet piles or other vibrating or oscillating equipment on the crane, the additional weights and especially the mounting devices for these additional weights are subjected to significant stress or even overload due to the vibrations. This can lead to the additional weights breaking off or falling off due to resonance or stress peaks. This creates an unnecessary hazard, and the resulting damage is often expensive to repair.

[0005] Furthermore, various hook blocks with load-limiting devices are known. DE 10 2018 106 729 A1 discloses a hook block with an axially spring-mounted crane hook. The spring serves to cushion load peaks in the axial direction.

[0006] EP 4 335 974 A1 describes a method for installing a profile into the subsoil and a vibration device for this purpose. It includes a variable ballast container which can be filled with water to preload the profile to be installed.

[0007] The purpose of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0008] The problem is solved by a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body, a crane hook and an additional weight, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body in an operating position and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope along a lifting axis, wherein the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body for receiving the load and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of the additional weight which is fixed, in particular reversibly, to a receiving device of the hook block, wherein a damping device for damping forces and / or relative movements occurring between the additional weight and the receiving device is arranged between the receiving device and the additional weight.

[0009] A key concept of the invention is that the additional weight, or multiple additional weights, are dampened relative to the hook block, particularly relative to the receiving device and / or the base body of the hook block, by means of a "damping device," so that forces and / or relative movements occurring between an additional weight and the receiving device are compensated or mitigated by the damping device. The damping device can be designed as a solid damper, for example made of an elastomer, or as a fluid damper, for example as a hydraulic piston damper or similar. The damping device can also be implemented using friction, for example by means of a friction damper or by means of internal friction in a spring assembly, which is realized, for example, by a leaf spring or a coil spring.Other configurations are also possible.

[0010] Regardless of the damping device's design, the natural frequency of the hook block with attached additional weights can be altered, for example, by selecting an appropriate damping strength. It should be noted that such a damping device can also help protect unintentionally remaining additional weights on the hook block from damage, for example, when a vibration device is used. Typically, corresponding attachment points for additional weights are designed for a static load case, so using a vibration device can lead to damage. The same applies to additional weights remaining on the hook block during road transport, such as of a mobile crane, as the loads involved are difficult to predict with sufficient accuracy in this case.The "damping strength" describes the force acting against the speed of relative motion of damped components, a force dependent on the speed of motion. A higher damping strength results in a greater force at the same speed of motion, while a lower damping strength results in a lesser force. Furthermore, stiffening the damping device can increase its natural frequency depending on the mass of the added weight, or softening it can lower the natural frequency. This "stiffening" and "softening" affect the spring constant of the damping device, thus defining a displacement-dependent force for a relative movement between the components.This ensures, for example, that forces and / or relative movements from frequencies typically generated by a vibration device between 20 Hz or 30 Hz and, for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz are damped. This allows, for instance, the overall system of the hook block to achieve a distance between the hook block's natural frequency and these frequencies, thus preventing critical resonances. Similarly, the damping device can be used to prevent catastrophic failure of the receiving device due to overload, for example, in the range of natural frequencies. This can be achieved by specifically designing the damping behavior of the damping device based on corresponding natural or resonance frequencies, thereby preventing the development of resonances and / or interferences.It should be noted that a damping device typically exhibits both spring and damping properties, for example, in its design as an elastomer damper. In this case, the elasticity of the elastomer represents the spring property, while internal friction represents the damping property. For damping devices with different designs, the physical effects may be distributed differently and potentially weighted differently between the spring and damping properties, but the fundamental principles remain the same. Depending on the technical design, even the extreme case of a purely damping property without any spring properties can occur.

[0011] The following additional terms will be explained in more detail in connection with the invention:

[0012] A "hook block" is a component attached to a lower section of a crane rope, supporting a crane hook used for lifting a load and connecting it to the rope. In its simplest form, the hook block acts as a connecting element between the crane hook and the rope. A hook block can also include pulleys or sheaves around which the crane rope is deflected. The term "block" in the hook block, particularly when using pulleys or sheaves, refers to the operating principle of a block and tackle system, with the corresponding attachment points or deflection points being called "blocks."In a simple design, however, such a hook block can also do without a deflection, so that a component or corresponding assembly that can be connected to the crane hook and the crane rope should also be referred to as a hook block, provided that this relates to the invention.

[0013] A "crane" is a technical device, either manually or motor-driven, designed and equipped specifically for lifting a load using a "crane cable," i.e., a usually flexible and at least partially pliable traction element. Such a crane is commonly known as a mobile crane mounted on a chassis, for example, one that is wheeled. However, stationary cranes and cranes mounted on tracked chassis are also known, which may likewise feature a corresponding hook block. Similarly, other cranes, such as those installed on seagoing vessels or offshore installations like drilling platforms, may also have such a hook block.Such cranes often have an internal combustion engine, a hydraulic motor or an electric motor to provide drive power for pulling the crane cable onto a drum or reel to lift the load.

[0014] In this context, the "base body" refers to the essential mechanically load-bearing structure of the hook block, which ensures, in particular, the transmission of lifting forces from the crane rope to the crane hook and from the crane hook to the crane rope. Such a base body can be a single piece or a multi-piece design. Hook blocks are known, in particular, where the base body consists of two plate-shaped bodies arranged essentially parallel to each other and connected by appropriate fasteners or connecting bolts. Such a two-part base body typically contains further functional components within its interior formed by the two plate-shaped bodies, for example, sheaves for the crane rope.Likewise, further arrangements for pulleys or other functional components can be arranged in or on such a basic body, especially a two-part one, for example so-called tackle blocks with or without a force-compensating rocker for, for example, multiple deflection of a crane rope for heavy load applications.

[0015] The crane cable is attached to the base body in a "force-conducting" manner, meaning that corresponding forces can be directed and transmitted from the crane cable to the base body. For example, the crane cable is bound, pressed into, deflected, or connected to the base body in a force-conducting manner using another type of connection, whereby a corresponding degree of freedom of movement of one or more degrees may be intentionally maintained, for example, to allow the hook block to swing freely on the crane cable.

[0016] In relation to the invention, the "operational position" refers to the essentially free suspension of the hook block from the crane rope, whereby a "lifting axis" is arranged, at least in the unloaded state, essentially parallel to and along a gravitational axis along the force of gravity. It should be noted that the "lifting axis" can also deviate from the gravitational axis due to transverse or lateral forces, induced by the load or, for example, by wind. The lifting axis specifically refers to the axis along which corresponding lifting forces are absorbed and transmitted, with the crane rope aligning itself essentially along the lifting axis, at least in the immediate vicinity of the hook block.In this context, it should be noted that the "load" refers specifically to an object or assembly that is picked up by the crane hook, for example, secured to the crane hook by additional fastening devices, and which is to be lifted and, for example, moved by means of the crane. Such a load could be, for example, a container, a component of a wind turbine, or a pallet of building materials.

[0017] The "operating weight" of the hook block describes the total weight of the hook block during crane operation or in preparation for crane operation; that is, the weight of the hook block when, for example, it is suspended from the crane rope. The operating weight serves to "stabilize" the crane rope, for example, to stretch the crane rope, to prevent the crane rope from jumping off deflection devices, or for similar purposes in the respective operating position.

[0018] The operating weight of the hook block refers specifically to the weight of the hook block itself, without a load, when attached to the crane rope. This includes the weight of the hook block, crane hook, and other components. The operating weight can be increased or adjusted to the specific situation by adding a counterweight. For example, the weight of the hook block plus the counterweight can form a suitable operating weight, which stabilizes the crane rope, such as when it is stretched around sheaves at the head of a crane boom.

[0019] The term "additional weight" refers to a component or arrangement that, with its corresponding mass and weight, increases the operating weight of the hook block. "Stabilizing" can, in particular, prevent the crane cable from jumping off, for example, a pulley at the end of the crane boom. Stabilization can also be achieved against vibrations or other deviations from a desired operating scenario, such as adjusting to a current wind speed. Tightening the crane cable can also be considered "stabilizing" if, for example, the hook block itself does not have enough weight to reliably allow the crane cable to run against its own weight.In this case, a corresponding additional weight allows the hook block to be lowered by its own weight, for example against a corresponding length of crane rope on the back of a crane boom.

[0020] It should be noted that the term "additional weight" can refer to a single component as well as an arrangement of several components, i.e., a collection of multiple additional weights. For example, several additional weights can be used, arranged together or on opposite sides of the hook block. The entirety of these components is then also referred to as "additional weight," particularly in relation to its physical effect.

[0021] A "receiving device" serves for the mechanical adaptation of an additional weight or several additional weights to the hook block, whereby the receiving device refers, for example, to a form-fitting or force-fitting device which makes the additional weight on the hook block particularly reversibly fixable.

[0022] A "damping device" describes, in particular, a technical device that enables the damping of forces and / or relative movements occurring between the additional weight and the receiving device. Examples include a solid damper in the form of an elastomer, or a hydraulic or otherwise designed damper. "Damping" here specifically describes the application of forces that oppose the respective movement, depending on the motion. It should be noted that, as already described above, the damping device can also physically represent a spring-damper system.

[0023] In this context, "relative movements" refer in particular to vibrations or other recurring movements between the additional weight and the hook block, which occur especially when the hook block is used to suspend a vibrating device, for example, for driving sheet piles. Relative movements are, in particular, periodic relative movements.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the damping device can also be arranged in a substantially force-conducting manner between the additional weight and the hook block, in particular between the additional weight and the receiving device. This ensures that the respective additional weight is received at the receiving device by means of the damping device, and in particular that the damping element essentially completely assumes the task of transmitting forces.

[0025] "Completely force-conducting" describes the property that the additional weight or weights are absorbed exclusively or essentially exclusively by means of the damping device with respect to the forces occurring against the hook block, particularly with respect to the lifting axis.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the damping device can be designed, for example, as an elastomer layer, an elastomer ring, and / or an elastomer bushing, which is arranged, for example, between the additional weight and the receiving device, and thus between the additional weight and the hook block. Likewise, a damping device formed from an elastomer can be used to apply corresponding damping, for example, along certain axes.

[0027] In order to be able to accommodate different additional weights or different resonance spectra, for example, the damping device can be mounted with an interchangeable device between the mounting device and the additional weight and can be designed to be interchangeable.

[0028] Such a "changeable device" can be, for example, a plug connection or another type of connection, so that, using the example of a damping device formed by an elastomer ring, different elastomer rings can be attached before applying an additional weight to adjust the desired damping.

[0029] Similarly, the damping device can include a damping adjustment mechanism, by means of which, for example, a damping characteristic can be adjusted. For instance, a set of damping devices designed to correspond to specific additional weights or a specific number of additional weights can be kept on hand, so that, for example, on a construction site, the damping device can be directly adapted to the conditions. The damping device, or its individual components, are installed and fixed in a way that prevents loss, for example, by pressing, gluing, or positive locking, such as with a retaining ring or, for example, a cotter pin.

[0030] Adjustability can also be achieved, for example, by using an adjustable fluid damper as a damping device, in which the fluid flow can be adjusted. An oil or gel filling can be used as the "fluid" for the fluid damper, and this fluid can be used, for example, in a damping device formed by hydraulic cylinders or in elastomer components filled with this fluid. Furthermore, the damping characteristic can also be adjusted with a valve, for example, by limiting the flow of fluid through the valve.Similarly, different damping devices with varying degrees of stiffness or elastic behavior, particularly when using elastomer components, can be employed to modify the damping characteristics by replacing the appropriate damping device. A combination of elastomer dampers with fluid damping, as described above, is also applicable. It should be noted that, as already mentioned, other technical designs can also be used to create the damping device, such as coil, leaf, or torsion springs, which exhibit both spring and damping properties.The adjustability of the respective damping can be achieved, for example, by means of frictional damping between components of the respective spring, such as layers of a coil spring, leaf spring or torsion spring, in particular by means of, for example, an adjustable force between the different components.

[0031] If, for example, the additional weight is slid laterally along a mounting axis onto a retaining bolt, damping bushings or sleeves, particularly made of an elastomer, can be used. This allows the additional weight to be mounted by sliding it onto the retaining bolts equipped with the damping device, or by having the damping device integrated directly into the additional weight. This enables a correspondingly simple design. Alternatively, as described above, fluid dampers can also interact with the retaining bolts, so that, for example, the additional weight is damped against the retaining bolt by means of a hydraulic damper, which is particularly adjustable.It should be mentioned that, for example, a retaining bolt can also be used to absorb the essential forces of the additional weight together with a support bolt of the same design, particularly located below the retaining bolt, provided that, for example, force transmission via the retaining bolt is ensured by appropriate tolerances of the mountings.

[0032] In another aspect, the problem is solved by a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body in an operating position and the hook block is suspended along a lifting axis on the crane rope, the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body for receiving the load and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of an additional weight reversibly fixable on a receiving device of the hook block, wherein the receiving device has a damping device for damping forces and / or relative movements occurring between the reversibly received additional weight and the receiving device.

[0033] A key aspect of this part of the invention is that the damping device is mounted on the hook block and, for example, the damping is applied relative to the hook block and / or positioned on the hook block, so that any additional weight can be applied to the mounting device using a corresponding engagement device. It should be noted that the damping device, in particular the individual damping elements, can be arranged on the hook block itself or on the mounting device.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the damping device is mounted on a retaining bolt, which is arranged in particular substantially orthogonal to the lifting axis through the base body and forms the receiving device on the base body, along a retaining axis, wherein the additional weight can be received by sliding it along the retaining axis onto the retaining bolt provided with the damping device via a retaining bore provided in the additional weight, wherein in particular the retaining bolt is formed by a crane rope bolt, a disc bolt or a crossbeam bolt.

[0035] For example, the retaining bolt can be equipped with the damping device.

[0036] In another aspect, the problem is solved by an additional weight for a hook block, comprising a mesh for application to a receiving device of a hook block according to one of the previously described embodiments, wherein the mesh is assigned a damping device for damping forces and / or relative movements occurring between the additional weight and the receiving device.

[0037] A key concept of this aspect of the invention is that the additional weight incorporates the damping device and is, for example, equipped with the damping device, so that any hook block can be weighted down with additional weights correspondingly equipped with a damping device. It should be noted that, for example, a damping device adapted to the mass of the additional weight with respect to its damping properties can be arranged on and / or connected to the respective additional weight, so that the damping device corresponding to the additional weight is arranged on the additional weight in a manner that prevents confusion.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the engagement can be formed by a retaining bore running along a retaining axis, particularly orthogonal to the lifting axis, through the additional weight in the operating position, and the damping device can be designed as an elastomer bushing inserted, pressed in and / or embedded in the retaining bore.

[0039] In another aspect, the problem is solved by a crane with a hook block according to one of the previously described aspects and / or embodiments of the invention and / or an additional weight according to one of the previously described embodiments.

[0040] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. These will show... Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a hook block with an attached vibratory rammer in an isometric view; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an additional weight for the hook block. Figure 1In an isometric view, Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the hook surface of the Figure 1 with the additional weight of the Figure 2 within the context of an illustrated assembly, as well as Figure 4, a schematic sectional view of the hook bottle of the Figure 1 with the additional weight of the Figure 3 with alternative elastomer bushings as part of an alternative assembly as shown.

[0041] A hook block 101 has a side part 103 and a parallel side part 105, which together form an interior space 107. The hook block 101 can be used, for example, for a mobile crane (mobile crane not shown). A disc bolt 121 runs through the interior space 107 along a retaining axis 183, the retaining axis 183 being arranged essentially orthogonally to the lifting axis 181 of the hook block 101. A pulley 129 for redirecting a crane rope is mounted on the disc bolt 121. The pulley 129 is rotatable about the disc bolt 121 and redirects, for example, a crane rope of the mobile crane to increase a liftable load according to the principle of a block and tackle.

[0042] Along the lifting axis 181 below the disc bolt 121, a crossbeam pin 123 is received in the side parts 103 and 105, the crossbeam pin 123 supporting a crane hook 125. In this arrangement, a load can be moved on the crane hook 125 using the hook block 101.

[0043] The disc bolt 121 and the crossbeam pin 123 have projecting holding lengths 131 and support lengths 141 onto which an additional weight can be pushed, for example to keep the crane rope taut, provided that no load is attached to and lifted from the crane hook 125.

[0044] It is assumed for the purposes of this document that a vibratory hammer 151 is attached to the hook block 101 with a lifting sling 127 (lifting sling only indicated) in order to drive sheet piles, which are held in a clamp 155 of the vibratory hammer 151, into the ground by means of vibrations 153. It should be noted that if, for example, permanently installed additional weights are attached to the holding length 131 and the support length 141, these could be damaged, for example, by natural frequencies caused by the vibration 153.

[0045] An additional weight 201 is equipped with elastomer bushings 231 and 241 at a retaining bore 203 and a support bore 205. These elastomer bushings are pressed into the additional weight 201 or, alternatively, onto the retaining and support lengths, and are thus replaceable by a suitable pressing tool. When the additional weight 201 is slid onto the retaining length 131 with the retaining bore 203 and onto the support length 141 with the support bore 205, the contact between the additional weight 201 and the hook block 101 is established solely by the elastomer bushings 231 and 241, thus providing damping and decoupling of the additional weight 201 from the hook block 101. It should be noted that the additional weight 201 is secured, for example, by inserted cotter pins or a screwed-on nut (neither of which are shown in detail).

[0046] If the vibratory rammer 151 is used even though additional weights 201 are attached to the hook block 101, the vibrations 153 caused by the vibratory rammer 151 can only penetrate as far as the hook block 101 due to the elastomer bushings 231 and 241 used, and are at least substantially or almost completely kept away from the additional weight 201. This allows either the natural frequency of the entire assembly consisting of the hook block 101 and the additional weights 201, or, depending on the design, only the natural frequency of the hook block 101, to be changed, so that damage to the respective components, and in particular to the additional weights 201, is prevented or the possibility of damage is reduced.

[0047] It should be mentioned here that an assembly 301 (compare this) Figure 3) is carried out analogously to the example described above, but an elastomer plate 303 is arranged between the additional weight 201 and the hook bottle 101, so that, for example, lateral vibrations are also kept away from the additional weight 201 or at least dampened with respect to the additional weight 201.

[0048] This ensures that, for example, any additional weights 201 remaining on the hook block 101 cannot cause fatal or critical damage even when using a vibratory rammer 151, although, for example, an operator of the crane has forgotten or neglected to remove the additional weights 201.

[0049] An alternative assembly 401 (see Figure 4The assembly is constructed analogously to assembly 301; however, the additional weight 201 here has an elastomeric liquid damper 431 and an elastomeric liquid damper 441 instead of the elastomeric bushings 231 and 241, respectively, which are arranged between the additional weight 201 and the holding length 131 and the support length 141. The elastomeric liquid dampers 431 and 441 each have an inner chamber 433 and an inner chamber 443, respectively, into which a liquid is filled to adjust the damping behavior. Furthermore, a connecting line (not shown) can be used to adjust the amount and / or pressure of the liquid in the inner chambers 433 and 443. Similarly, with appropriate, optional valves (not shown), a flow rate can also be adjusted, so that, for example, a damping characteristic can be directly adjusted depending on the mass of the additional weight 201.Similarly, a hydraulic connection can be established between the inner chambers 433 and 443 and / or inner chambers on other additional weights (not shown) to, for example, modify the vibration and / or damping behavior. External hydraulic components can also be used to adjust the behavior of the vibration system. It should be noted that, as an alternative to the liquid mentioned here as an example, a gel and / or a gas can also be used in the system. Reference symbol list

[0050] 101 Hook bottle 103 Side panel (base body) 105 Side panel (base body) 107 Interior 121 Disc bolt (retaining bolt) 123 Crossbeam pin (crossbeam bolt) 125 Crane hook 127 Lifting sling 129 Pulley 131 Holding length (receiving device) 141 Support length (receiving device) 151 Vibration rammer 153 Vibrations 155 Clamp 181 Lifting axle 183 Holding axle 201 Additional weight 203 Retaining bore (engagement) 205 Support bore (engagement) 231 Elastomer bushing (damping device) 241 Elastomer bushing (damping device) 301 Mounting 303 Elastomer plate 401 Mounting 431 Elastomer fluid damper (Damping device) 433 Inner chamber 441 Elastomeric liquid damper (Damping device) 443 Inner chamber

Claims

1. Hook block (101) for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body (103, 105), a crane hook (125) and an additional weight (201), wherein the crane rope is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) in an operating position and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope along a lifting axis (181), wherein the crane hook (125) is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) for receiving the load and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of the additional weight (201) which is fixed, in particular reversibly, to a receiving device (131, 141) of the hook block, characterized by the fact that A damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is arranged between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight (201) to dampen forces and / or relative movements occurring between the additional weight (201) and the receiving device (131, 141).

2. Hook bottle according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is arranged in a substantially force-conducting manner, in particular along the lifting axis (181) in a substantially force-conducting manner, between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight (201) and / or the additional weight (201) is connected to the receiving device (131, 141) by means of the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441).

3. Hook bottle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) comprises an elastomer and is designed in particular as an elastomer layer (303) arranged between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight (201), as an elastomer ring arranged between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight and / or as an elastomer bushing (231, 241) arranged between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight.

4. Hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is arranged with an interchangeable device between the receiving device (131, 141) and the additional weight (201) and is interchangeable by means of the interchangeable device and / or is designed to be adjustable with a damping adjustment device with respect to a damping property.

5. Hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatThe damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is mounted on a retaining bolt (121) which is arranged, in particular, substantially orthogonal to the lifting axis (181) through the base body and which forms the receiving device (131, 141) on the base body (103, 105), along a retaining axis (183), wherein the additional weight (201) is mounted on the retaining bolt (121) provided with the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) at a retaining bore (203, 205) provided in the additional weight (201) along the retaining axis (183), wherein in particular the retaining bolt (121) is formed by a crane rope bolt, a disc bolt (121) or a crossbeam bolt (123).

6. Hook block (101) for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body (103, 105) and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) in an operating position and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope along a lifting axis (181), the crane hook is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105) for receiving the load and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of an additional weight (201) which can be reversibly fixed to a receiving device (131, 141) of the hook block, characterized by the fact that the receiving device (131, 141) has a damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) for damping forces and / or relative movements occurring between the reversibly received additional weight (201) and the receiving device (131, 141).

7. Hook bottle according to claim 6, characterized by the fact thatThe damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is mounted on a retaining bolt (131, 141) which forms the receiving device (131, 141) on the base body (103, 105) and is arranged, in particular, substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis (181), along a retaining axis (183), wherein the additional weight (201) can be received by sliding it along the retaining axis (183) onto the retaining bolt (131, 141) provided with the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) via a retaining bore (203, 205) provided in the additional weight (201), wherein in particular the retaining bolt (131, 141) is secured by a crane cable bolt, a shear bolt (121) or a crossbeam bolt (123) is formed.

8. Additional weight (201) for a hook bottle (101), comprising a grip (203, 205) for mounting on a receiving device (131, 141) of a hook bottle (101) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe intervention (203, 205) is associated with a damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) for damping forces and / or relative movements occurring between the additional weight and the receiving device (131, 141).

9. Additional weight according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that The engagement (203, 205) is formed by a retaining bore (203, 205) running along a retaining axis (183) in the operating position, in particular orthogonally to the lifting axis (181) through the additional weight, and the damping device (231, 241, 303, 431, 441) is designed as an elastomer bushing (231, 241) inserted, pressed in and / or embedded in the retaining bore (203, 205).

10. Crane with a hook block (101) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, a hook block (101) according to any one of claims 6 or 7 and / or an additional weight (201) according to any one of claims 8 or 9.

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