Methods for altering starch granule size profile

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for altering the size of starch granules in starch storage organs in plants, and in particular in Triticeae crops. Also described are genetically altered plants characterised by the above phenotype as well as methods of producing such plants. The methods may comprise reducing the expression and / or activity of paralog of accumulation and replication of chloroplasts6 (parc6).

Description

[0001] Methods for altering starch granule size profile

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention relates to methods for altering the size of starch granules in starch storage organs in plants, and in particular in Triticeae crops. Also described are genetically altered plants characterised by the above phenotype as well as methods of producing such plants.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Starch is a plant-derived biopolymer that is a major dietary carbohydrate and an important raw material for a number of industrial applications (such as biofuels, paper, pharmaceuticals and textiles). Starch is a dense, osmotically inert carbohydrate polymer, synthesised by plants and algae, to store a portion of carbon fixed through photosynthesis during the day. This starch is then degraded to provide energy for growth and metabolism at night. Starch is synthesized and stored as insoluble starch granules in the chloroplasts in the leaves and / or in amyloplasts (i.e. non-photosynthetic chloroplasts for starch storage) of seeds and storage organs. Starch is also the major carbohydrate component of many of our staple crops, including cereal grains (wheat, barley, maize, rice, rye, oat), tubers and storage roots (potato, cassava, yam, sweet potato), and fruits.

[0006] The size and shape of starch granules varies greatly depending on botanical source and organ. In Arabidopsis leaves, starch granules are lenticular and approximately 1 pm in diameter. In rice and maize, starch granules have a size distribution between 3-8 pm and 5- 20 pm respectively. Cereal crops of the Triticeae tribe (wheat, rye and barley) have a bimodal distribution of granule size, with larger, discoidal A-type granules and smaller, spherical B- type granules. A-type granules account for more than 70% of wheat endosperm starch by weight, but less than 10% of the granules by number. Like in other members of the Triticeae tribe, the A-type and B-type granules in barley have a temporally separate initiation, with the B-type granules initiating 8 to 10 days after A-type granules.

[0007] There is significant commercial and industrial interest in manipulating starch granule morphology and size. Starch granule morphology, and particularly size, influences starch quality. For example, nutritional properties (such as susceptibility to digestion) and physicochemical properties (including gelatinisation and pasting parameters, degree of crystallinity, swelling and solubility) are all influenced by starch granule morphology and size.

[0008] For Triticeae cereal crops, increased granule size may result in greater resistance to digestion in the gut, and act as a form of ‘resistant starch’. Health benefits from consuming more resistant starch include a reduction in glycaemic index, and a prebiotic effect that promotes healthy gut microbiota. The surface area of granules is also relevant to starch digestion in cooked foods, since in many wheat products, including bread and pasta, starch granules do not fully gelatinise during the cooking process. Thus, increasing starch granule size may lower the glycaemic index of these foods. Furthermore, starch with large granule sizes is likely to also have higher pasting temperature and swelling power.

[0009] Despite the many desirable benefits of larger granule size, there are currently very few gene targets that can be exploited, and current mutations in these gene targets have failed to increase the granule size, such as to make larger A-type and B-type granules, and / or are associated with an unwanted reduction in starch content.

[0010] Therefore, there remains a need for new and improved methods to control granule size distribution, particularly to increase granule size. The present invention addresses this need.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] We have identified a gene target for modulating starch granule size distribution in Triticeae crops. Using mutagenesis and introgression techniques, we have identified that mutations in the PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6) affect starch granule size. Specifically, we have found that mutating the PARC6 gene in crops, such as Triticeae crops, shifts the distribution of starch granule size towards a larger granule size in starch storage organs of the endosperm. This was observed for both A-type and B- type granule types in plants that had a bimodal distribution of starch granules in the endosperm. The methods presented therefore provide a way to alter starch granule morphology, B-type granule content and amyloplast size in the endosperm of crops, such as Triticeae crops.

[0013] We have further identified that mutations in PARC6 can be combined with a second starch granule initiation mutation - that is, a mutation in a different or second gene which determines or contributes to starch granule initiation in an endosperm. In particular, we have found that plants comprising a mutation in PARC6 and further comprising a second mutation in a starch granule initiation gene, wherein said second mutation in the gene results in a reduction in the number of starch granules, have a greater shift in distribution of starch granule size towards an even larger granule size in starch storage organs of the endosperm, relative to a PARC6 mutation alone. Therefore, we have found that a combination of a PARC6 mutation (i.e., an amyloplast and starch granule initiation mutation) and a second starch granule initiation mutation can be utilised to alter starch granule size distribution in the endosperm of crops, such as Triticeae crops. In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for altering a starch granule characteristic in a plant, the method comprising reducing the expression and / or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 6 (PARC6).

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises introducing a mutation into at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide and / or introducing at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 promoter of a plant.

[0015] In another embodiment, there is provided a method for altering a starch granule characteristic in a plant, the method comprising reducing the expression or activity of PARC6 and reducing the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation. In one embodiment, the mutation is introduced into a plant comprising a mutation in a starch granule initiation gene, wherein the starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6.

[0016] In another embodiment, the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene encoding PARC6 and introducing at least one second mutation into at least one starch granule initiation gene, wherein the starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing a genetically altered plant with an altered starch granule characteristic, wherein the method comprises reducing the expression and / or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 6 (PARC6).

[0017] Preferably, the method comprises reducing the expression and / or activity of PARC6 in the plant endosperm, or plant seed or grain.

[0018] Preferably, the starch granule characteristic is starch granule size and / or starch granule morphology, wherein starch granule size is increased and / or wherein starch granule morphology is altered, preferably towards a lobate and granular morphology, relative to a control or wild-type plant. More preferably, the method comprises altering the distribution of starch granule size in at least one plastid.

[0019] Preferably, the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide and / or introducing at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 promoter.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one mutation is introduced in a plant (already) comprising a mutation in a starch granule initiation gene, wherein the starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6. In another embodiment, the method introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene encoding PARC6 and introducing at least one second mutation into at least one starch granule initiation gene, wherein the starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6.

[0021] Preferably, the plant comprises multiple copies of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, and the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one, preferably one copy, more preferably two copies, or even more preferably all copies of the PARC6 encoding nucleic acid sequence.

[0022] Preferably, the at least one mutation is a loss or partial loss of function mutation. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of altering the number and / or size of starch granules in at least one plant amyloplast, the method comprising altering the size of the plant amyloplast, wherein the plant is not Arabidopsis.

[0023] In one embodiment, the method further comprises altering starch granule initiation. In one embodiment, the method of altering starch granule initiation comprises introducing a mutation into at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide and / or introducing at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 promoter of a plant.

[0024] In another embodiment, the mutation is introduced into a plant comprising a mutation in a starch granule initiation gene, wherein the starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6.

[0025] In another preferred embodiment, the method further comprises introducing a second mutation into a second starch granule initiation gene, wherein the second starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6.

[0026] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a plant, plant part or plant cell obtained or obtainable by any of the methods of the invention.

[0027] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one DNA-binding domain or protospacer element that can bind to at least one target sequence in a PARC6 gene and / or promoter, wherein preferably the target sequence is selected from SEQ ID NO: 39, 40, 41 and 42 or a variant thereof, preferably wherein said construct encodes at least one single-guide RNA (sgRNA), wherein the sgRNA comprises or a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO. 52, 53, 54 or 55 or a variant thereof.

[0028] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for identifying and / or selecting plant that has an altered starch granule size distribution, the method comprising detecting in the plant or plant germplasm at least one polymorphism or mutation in the PARC6 gene and / or promoter and selecting said plant or progeny thereof, wherein the polymorphism or mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6. In a further embodiment, the method comprises detecting in the plant or plant germplasm at least one polymorphism or mutation in a second gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation.

[0029] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6), wherein the plant comprises or is characterised by a stop codon mutation, wherein preferably the plant comprises at least one of the following mutations defined in Table 1.

[0030] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression or activity of PARC6 and reduced expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation. In one embodiment, there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell comprising at least one mutation in at least one gene encoding PARC6 and at least one second mutation in at least one gene encoding a protein that regulates starch granule initiation, where the second mutation is not in PARC6.

[0031] Preferably, the plant comprises at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 promoter and / or nucleic acid encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, wherein the at least one mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6.

[0032] Preferably, PARC6 comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 or 25, or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25, and wherein the PARC6 promoter comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28.

[0033] In one embodiment, the plant comprises at least one RNAi construct, wherein the RNAi construct reduces or abolishes the expression of at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding PARC6.

[0034] Preferably, said plant part is grain or a seed, and wherein preferably the grain or seed are characterised by reduced expression and / or activity of PARC6.

[0035] In one embodiment, the grain or seed is further characterised by a first mutation in PARC6, and a second mutation in a second starch granule initiation gene, wherein the second starch granule initiation gene is not PARC6. Preferably, the plant is selected from a Triticeae crop plant. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided food or feed composition prepared from the grain of the invention. There is also provided the use of the grain of the invention as a food or feedstuff or in any pharmaceutical or industrial application.

[0036] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0037] The invention is further described in the following non-limiting figures:

[0038] Figure 1 shows a phylogenetic tree of the PARC6 and ARC6 gene families. The tree was constructed from an amino acid alignment using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the JTT matrix-based model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-36970.61) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths and scale bar representing the number of substitutions per site.

[0039] Figure 2 shows the growth phenotype of TtPARC6-deficient durum wheat mutants, (a) Schematic illustration of the gene models for the primary transcripts of TaPARC6-A1 , -B1 and -D1 in bread wheat. Exons are represented as teal boxes and UTRs are represented as white boxes. Mutation sites in K1265 and K2369 are indicated by black lines and the resulting amino acid to stop codon (*) substitutions are annotated. Regions encoding domains are indicated by black horizontal lines (IMS: Inter Membrane Space), (b) Photographs of 56-day-old Ttparc6 TILLING double mutant (Ttparc6-1 aabb), the corresponding wild-type segregant (Ttparc6-1 AABB), Ttparc6 backcrossed double mutant (Ttparc6 BC aabb), the corresponding wild-type segregant (Ttparc6 BC AABB) and WT wheat (cv. Kronos) plants. Bar: 10 cm. (c) Tiller number (no.) of mature plants. Lower and upper quartiles, median (inner band) and 1.5x of interquartile range (whiskers) shown. Statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks (p = 0.097). (d-h) Images of mesophyll-cell chloroplasts in the third leaf of Ttparc6 mutant seedlings. Images were acquired using confocal microscopy and are Z-projections of image stacks. Chlorophyll auto-fluorescence of the chloroplasts is shown in cyan. Bar: 10 pm.

[0040] Figure 3 shows the seed phenotype of TtPARC6-deficient durum wheat mutants, (a-b) Photographs of ten representative mature grains per genotype. Bar: 1 cm. (c) Total grain weight per plant (in g). Dots represent the total grain weight of individual plants (n=6-19). Oneway ANOVA and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters (P < 0.002). (d) Thousand grain weight (TGW) (in g). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters (P < 0.001). (e) Total starch content in [%] of two technical replicates of two biological replicates per genotype. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA (P=ns). (f-h) Grain size parameters measured as seed area (f), width (g) and length (h). Dots represent the average for each parameter calculated from grains from individual plants (n = 6-19) per genotype. Significant differences under a one-way ANOVA (for f and g) or a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks (for h), and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey’s test) are indicated with different letters (p < 0.001).

[0041] Figure 4 shows size distribution of purified starch granules from TtPARC6-deficient (Triticum turgidum, durum wheat) seed, (a-b) Size distribution of purified starch granules from mature grain. Volume of granules at each diameter relative to the total granule volume, quantified using a Coulter counter. Values represent mean (solid line) + / - SEM (shading) of three biological replicates, (c-f) Granule size parameters obtained from fitting a log-normal distribution to the B-type granule peak and a normal distribution to the A-type granule peak in the granule size distribution data presented in (a - b). (c) A-type granule diameter (in pm). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters (P < 0.05). (d) B-type granule diameter (in pm). Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA indicated with different letters (P < 0.019). (e) B-type granule content. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters (P < 0.019). (f) Granule number per milligram (mg) starch quantified on the Coulter counter. There was no significant difference between genotypes under a one-way ANOVA. (g, h, i, j) Scanning Electron Microscopy images of purified starch granules from mature grain. Bar= 10 pm. (I, m, n, o, p) Polarised light images of purified starch granules from mature grain. Bar= 10 pm.

[0042] Figure 5 shows that the size distribution and morphology of purified starch granules is altered in developing grains of Ttparc6-2 mutants, (a-d) Size distribution of purified starch granules from developing (12, 16, 21 DAF) and mature grain. The volume of granules at each diameter relative to the total granule volume was quantified using a Coulter counter, (e-l) Scanning Electron Microscopy and (m-t) Polarised light images of purified starch granules. Bar= 10 pm.

[0043] Figure 6 shows that starch granule size parameters and B-type granule content of developing Ttparc6-2 grains are distinct to wild-type, (a-c) Granule size parameters obtained from fitting a log-normal distribution to the B-type granule peak and a normal distribution to the A-type granule peak in the granule size distribution data presented in (Figure 5). Only A-type granule peaks could be fitted to the distributions at 12 DAF. Significant differences (p < 0.05) under a pairwise t-test between genotypes at each timepoint are represented by an asterisk, (a) A- type granule diameter (in pm), (b) B-type granule diameter (in pm), (c) B-type granule content by percentage volume.

[0044] Figure 7 shows the amyloplast structures of developing grains (16 days after flowering, DAF) of PARC6 mutants, (a-f) TEM images of endosperm sections of developing grain at 16 DAF. Arrows indicate amyloplast membrane. Bars = 1 pm. (g-j) Confocal laser-scanning imaging of endosperm sections of developing grain at 16 DAF, in lines stably overexpressing the amyloplast marker ZmUbi:cTPmCherry shown in magenta. Arrows indicate amyloplasts containing A-type starch granules, whereas asterisks point to clusters of B-type starch granules. Bars = 1 pm.

[0045] Figure 8 shows the properties of PARC6-deficient Triticum turgidum starch, (a) Amylose content [% of total starch] per genotype. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks and Tukey’s test (p < 0.001) are indicated with different letters, (b) Average chain length distributions of debranched starch. Each line represents the average of three different plants and the shading represents the SEM. (c) and (d), viscosity during gelatinisation in (c) purified starch and (d) whole flour.

[0046] Figure 9 shows the localisation and co-immunoprecipitation assays of TaPARC6, TaARC6 and TaPDV isoforms, (a-l) Images of transiently overexpressed Zmllbi:TaPARC6-YFP, ZmUbi:TaARC6-YFP, ZmUbi:GFP-TaPDV1-2 and ZmUbi:GFP-TaPDV2 in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. Images were acquired using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The YFP and GFP fluorescence are shown in yellow and green, while chlorophyll autofluorescence is shown in cyan. Bars = 10 pm. (m) Immunoprecipitation (IP) assay using anti-RFP beads for interactions between TaPARC6-YFP and RFP-TaPDV1-1 , RFP-TaPDV1- 2 and RFP-TaPDV2, transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana leaves. Immunoblots RFP and GFP antibodies were used to detect the proteins, (n) Immunoprecipitation (IP) assay using anti-GFP beads for TaARC6-HA and GFP-TaPDV1-1, GFP-TaPDV1-2 and GFP-TaPDV2, transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana leaves. Immunoblots HA and GFP antibodies were used to detect the proteins.

[0047] Figure 10 shows a model of amyloplast and starch granule structures in wild-type and the Ttparc6 double mutant during development.

[0048] Figure 11 shows TaARC6 gene models and chloroplast morphology of the Ttarc6 double mutant, (a) Schematic illustration of the gene models for the canonical transcripts of TaARC6- A1 , -B1 and -D1 in bread wheat. Exons are represented as purple boxes and UTRs are represented as white boxes. Mutation sites in K3404 and K2205 are indicated by black lines and the resulting amino acid to stop codon (*) substitutions are annotated. Regions encoding domains are indicated by black horizontal lines (TM: Transmembrane, IMS: Inter Membrane Space), (b-c) Images of mesophyll-cell chloroplasts in the third leaf of Ttarc6 double mutants. Images were acquired using confocal microscopy and are Z-projections of image stacks. Chlorophyll auto-fluorescence of the chloroplasts is shown in cyan. Bar: 10 pm. Figure 12 shows the size distribution of purified starch granules from mature grain of the Ttparc6 single mutants, (a-b) Size distribution of purified starch granules from mature grain. Volume of granules at each diameter relative to the total granule volume, quantified using a Coulter counter. Values represent mean (solid line) + / - SEM (shading) of three biological replicates, (c-h) Granule size parameters obtained from fitting a log-normal distribution to the B-type granule peak and a normal distribution to the A-type granule peak in the granule size distribution data presented in (a - b). (c, f) A-type granule diameter (in pm). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters (P < 0.05). (d, g) B-type granule diameter (in pm). Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks and Tukey’s test indicated with different letters for Ttparc6-1 lines (P < 0.022) and for Ttparc6 BC lines (P < 0.05). (e, h) B-type granule content. Significant differences under a one-way ANOVA and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey’s test) are represented with different letters (P < 0.05). (i, k, m, o, q) Scanning Electron Microscopy images of purified starch granules from mature grain. Bar= 10 pm. (j, I, n, p, r) Polarised light images of purified starch granules from mature grain. Bar = 10 pm.

[0049] Figure 13 shows that there is a large increase in the starch granule size of parc6 bgc1-1 double mutants, in particular in the A-type granules. Scanning Electron Micrograph of purified starch granules from the parc6 bgc1 mutant and its corresponding wild-type segregant control. Bars = 20 urn.

[0050] Figure 14 shows the granule size distribution of the parc6 bgc1 mutant, as quantified using a Coulter counter. parc6 bgc1 mutants maintain a bimodal distribution of starch granules, and vastly increases the proportion of large starch granules compared to both the WT and parc6 segregants, included for comparison.

[0051] Figure 15 shows the quantification of starch granule parameters in parc6 bgc1 A) A-granule diameter; B) B-granule content and C) B-granule diameter. parc6 bgc1 mutants show fewer B-type granules and a larger average diameter of B-type granule and A-type granules than the WT or parc6 mutants. Curve fitting of Coulter counter traces were used to calculate A-type granule diameter, B-type granule diameter and B-type granule content (relative proportion of B-type granules by volume). 2-3 replicate samples harvested from different plants were used for the analyses.

[0052] Figure 16 shows the Thousand Grain Weight (TGW) resulting from combinations of parc6 and bgc1 mutants. Individual data points represent the average TGW calculated from each individual plant. Bars represent the mean±SEM from n=9-30 plants. Only the parc6 mutant (marked with asterisk *) had a significantly different TGW compared to the WT under a two- tailed pairwise t-test.

[0053] Figure 17 shows the granule size distribution of the parc6 bgc1 mutant, as quantified using a Coulter counter according to two methods, A) standard B) modified method using a larger aperture for Coulter counter.

[0054] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0055] In the following passages, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

[0056] The practice of the present invention will employ, unless otherwise indicated, conventional techniques of botany, microbiology, tissue culture, molecular biology, chemistry, biochemistry and recombinant DNA technology, bioinformatics which are within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature.

[0057] As used herein, the words "nucleic acid", "nucleic acid sequence", "nucleotide", "nucleic acid molecule" or "polynucleotide" are intended to include DNA molecules (e.g., cDNA or genomic DNA), RNA molecules (e.g., mRNA), natural occurring, mutated, synthetic DNA or RNA molecules, and analogs of the DNA or RNA generated using nucleotide analogs. It can be single-stranded or double-stranded. Such nucleic acids or polynucleotides include, but are not limited to, coding sequences of structural genes, anti-sense sequences, and non-coding regulatory sequences that do not encode mRNAs or protein products. These terms also encompass a gene. The term "gene" or “gene sequence” is used broadly to refer to a DNA nucleic acid associated with a biological function. Thus, genes may include introns and exons as in the genomic sequence, or may comprise only a coding sequence as in cDNAs, and / or may include cDNAs in combination with regulatory sequences.

[0058] The terms "polypeptide" and "protein" are used interchangeably herein and refer to amino acids in a polymeric form of any length, linked together by peptide bonds.

[0059] The aspects of the invention involve recombinant DNA technology and exclude embodiments that are solely based on generating plants by traditional breeding methods.

[0060] In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for altering a starch granule characteristic in a plant, the method comprises reducing or abolishing the expression or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (referred to herein as “PARC6”).

[0061] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression and / or activity of PARC6. In one embodiment, the plant is not Arabidopsis.

[0062] In one embodiment, the genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell is characterised by an altered starch granule characteristic. In another embodiment, the genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell is characterised by an altered plastid size, wherein preferably the plastid is an amyloplast. Preferably, the plastid size is increased.

[0063] PARC6 is a transmembrane protein located in the inner envelope membrane of plastids. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has three homeologs of TaPARC6, encoded on group 2 chromosomes; while durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) has two homeologs of T / PARC6. The predicted amino acid sequence of fPARC6-A1 and T / PARC6-B1 in the durum wheat Svevo reference genome (accession no.: TRITD2Av1G286550.2 and TRITD2Bv1G255410.2) share 86.6% and 97.1 % identity, respectively, to TaPARC6-A1 and TaPARC6-B1 in the bread wheat Chinese Spring reference genome (accession no. TraesCS2A02G555400.1 and TraesCS2B02G588400.1) (Fig. 2a). PARC6 may also be referred to as CHLOROPLAST DIVISION SITE POSITIONING 1 (CDP1) and such terms may be used interchangeably.

[0064] By “starch granule” is meant insoluble granules of starch that are stored within a plastid, preferably an amyloplast. This refers to all forms of starch granules, irrespective of any further classification e.g. A-type / B-type granules within some plants. If only A-type or B-type granules are being referred to, it will be explicitly written. Starch granules are found in storage organs, for example endosperm, sink tissues and photosynthetic tissues of plants. Starch granules are also referred to as ‘granules’ throughout this application.

[0065] In one embodiment, the plant is selected from a plant with a bimodal size distribution of starch granules in the endosperm. In a preferred embodiment, the plant is selected from a Triticeae crop plant.

[0066] In one embodiment, the method has no (obvious detectable) effect on total starch content and / or plant growth.

[0067] The terms “seed” and “grain” as used herein can be used interchangeably. The terms "increase", "improve" or "enhance" as used herein are also interchangeable. Similarly, the terms starch “grain” or “granule” are also interchangeable. The present invention has identified methods to modify the properties of starch granules. It is understood that starch granules will have a range of sizes within a starch storage organ. Such a distribution can be considered as a standard or characteristic distribution curve for the plant.

[0068] In one embodiment, the starch granule characteristic is starch granule morphology. The present invention has identified methods to vary the morphology of starch granules, from the otherwise standard or characteristic morphology, as defined in wild-type or controls. As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 12, the methods presented herein alters the wild-type smooth, discoidal shape of starch granules towards a lobate, granular morphology. This altered morphology manifests early during grain development (e.g. 12 days after flowering or DAF).

[0069] In one alternative or additional embodiment, the starch granule characteristic is starch granule size. In one embodiment, the method comprises increasing starch granule size (i.e. the size of at least one starch granule or the total size of all starch granules). In one embodiment, starch granule size refers to the mean height and / or diameter of the starch granule(s). Accordingly, in one embodiment, the method comprises increasing the mean height and / or diameter of the starch granules.

[0070] In one embodiment, the plant has a bimodal size distribution of starch granule sizes, such as in wheat, rye and barley, wherein preferably said bimodal distribution comprises a first population of starch granules of a first size or size range (which may also be referred to herein a “A-type granules”) and a second population of starch granules of a second size or size range (which may also be referred to herein a “B-type granules”). More preferably, the method comprises increasing the size (e.g. mean diameter) of starch granules in the first and / or second population of starch granules. In any of the above embodiments, altering the starch granules may affect A-type granules only, or B-type granules only or A- and B- type granules.

[0071] As used herein, the first population of starch granules may comprise granules with an average spherical diameter over 15 pm, preferably around 19 pm and wherein the second population of starch granules comprises granules with an average spherical diameter of between around 1 and 15 pm, preferably around 6 pm.

[0072] In one embodiment, the mean granule size may be increased by 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more compared to the mean granule size in a control or wild-type plant. In one embodiment, mean granule size may be increased by between 10 and 50%, compared to the mean granule size in a wild-type or control plant. In one embodiment, in plants with a bimodal distribution of starch granule sizes, the mean granule size of the first population may be increased by at least 10%, more preferably between 10 and 30%, as shown in Figure. 4. Here, the mean diameter of the A-type granules was increased by 15.1% in the Ttparc6-1aabb mutants, and increased by 21.9% in the Ttparc6 BC aabb mutants. The mean granule size of the second population may also be increased by at least 10%, more preferably between 10 and 50%, more preferably between 20 and 45%, as shown in Figure 4. Here, the mean diameter of the B-type granules was increased by 27.3% in the Ttparc6-1aabb mutants, and increased by 43.5% in the Ttparc6 BC aabb mutants.

[0073] An increase in starch granule size can also be represented as a change in starch granule size distribution. Accordingly, the present invention has identified methods to vary the distribution of starch granule sizes from the otherwise standard or characteristic distribution, as defined in a wild-type or control plant (for example as shown in Fig. 4a, 4b, 5a-d, 12a, 12b). In this embodiment, altering a starch granule characteristic comprises altering the peak of the standard size distribution curve towards larger granule sizes - for example as shown in Fig. 4a, 4b, 5a-d, 12a, 12b. Again, where a plant has a bimodal starch granule size distribution in the endosperm, the method comprises altering the peak of the first and / or second population of starch granules. In a further embodiment, not only the peak of the distribution curve is altered, but an increase in the size of the peak. This is, for example, shown in Fig. 4a and b. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the standard deviation of starch granule size is increased by 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more or 45% or more compared to the starch granule size standard deviation in a control or wild-type plant.

[0074] As shown in Figure 13, a combination of a mutation in PARC6 (an amyloplast mutation) and a secondary starch granule initiation mutation can increase A-type granule size from approx. 20-25 pm in diameter (WT - upper-left granule with crossed texture) to almost 50 pm in diameter (parc6 bgc1-1 - central, large granule). That is, the combination of an amyloplast mutation and a further starch granule initiation mutation can result in an increase in starch granule size by -50%.

[0075] Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the standard deviation of a starch granule size is increased by 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, or 55% or more compared to the starch granule size standard deviation in a control or wild-type plant. In another embodiment, in plants with a bimodal distribution of starch granule sizes, the starch granule characteristic may additionally or alternatively refer to granule content. That is, the percent of total starch volume that is present as either the first or second population. As shown in Fig. 4e, the methods of the invention are capable of increasing B-type granule content by a statistically significant degree, compared to wild-type plants (Fig. 4e). In one embodiment, B- type granule content is increased by at least 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more or 60% or more compared to the B-type granule content in a control or wild-type plant.

[0076] Granule size may be measured by a number of techniques that would be known to the skilled person. In one embodiment, granule size can be measured using a particle size analyser, which uses laser scattering to measure the total volume of particles of a given size, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of all particles. In one example, purified starch can be suspended in water and measured on a particle size analyser, such as a Beckman-Coulter Multisizer 4e Coulter counter, or the Coulter LS-230 laser-scattering instrument (Beckman Coulter). In another embodiment, granule size can be measured using light microscopy. As described below, starch granule area in the images was measured using the Particle Analysis plugin of Imaged software (v.2.0.0; https: / / imagej.net / ). The area was used to calculate diameter, assuming the granules were perfect circles. Unlike the first method with the particle size analyser, this method calculates of the percentage of granules with a given size relative to the total number of granules (rather than as volumes as measured on a Coulter counter), and is a direct measure of size (rather than inferred from laser scattering).

[0077] As used herein, the terms “reducing” means a decrease in the levels of PARC6 expression and / or activity by up to or more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% when compared to the level in a wild-type or control plant. In one embodiment, reducing means a decrease in at least 50% compared to the level in a wild-type or control plant. Reducing also may or may not encompass abolishing expression. The term “abolish” expression means that no expression of PARC6 is detectable (no transcript) or that no functional PARC6 polypeptide is produced. Methods for determining the level of PARC6 expression and / or activity would be well known to the skilled person. These reductions can be measured by any standard technique known to the skilled person. For example, a reduction in the expression and / or content levels of at least PARC6 expression may be a measure of protein and / or nucleic acid levels and can be measured by any technique known to the skilled person, such as, but not limited to, any form of quantitative PCR, gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting or chromatography (e.g. HPLC). As shown in Figure 3, reducing the expression and / or activity of PARC6 had no or no significant (adverse) effect on grain yield, grain weight or starch content of the plant.

[0078] In Example I, we demonstrate that introducing at least one genetic modification into at least one PARC6 nucleic acid affects starch initiation and morphogenesis leading to A- and B-type granules of mature grains that are significantly larger compared to wild type controls. Also, the surface morphology of A-type granules was highly aberrant, being more lobate than in the wild-type. This striking change in morphology was already evident at the early stages of grain development, when granule size was identical between the mutant and the wild-type, and occurred without alterations in starch polymer structure and composition.

[0079] Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, at least one genetic modification (e.g. mutation) is introduced into at least one, preferably endogenous, gene encoding PARC6. Preferably said genetic modification is in the coding region (or exon) of the PARC6 gene. Alternatively, said genetic modification is in an intronic sequence or the 5’IITR or 3’IITR. In a preferred embodiment, at least one genetic modification may be introduced into the PARC6 gene such that the altered gene does not express a full-length (i.e. expresses a truncated) PARC6 protein or does not express a fully functional PARC6 protein. In this manner, the activity of the PARC6 polypeptide can be considered to be reduced or abolished as described herein. In another embodiment, at least one mutation may be introduced into the PARC6 promoter or regulatory sequences of PARC6. In any case, the genetic modification may result in the expression of PARC6 with no, significantly reduced or altered biological activity in vivo. Alternatively, PARC6 may not be expressed at all.

[0080] Accordingly, in another embodiment the plant comprises at least one mutation in at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, as described above.

[0081] We have further identified that a reduction in expression or activity of PARC6, and / or the introduction of at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 nucleic acid that reduces the expression or activity of PARC6 can be combined with a second mutation in a second starch granule initiation gene that alters the expression or activity of the starch granule initiation gene.

[0082] By ‘starch granule initiation gene’ is meant a gene that contributes to or initiates the formation of one or more starch granule. Accordingly, a mutation in such a gene is described herein as a “starch granule initiation mutation”. Starch granule initiation refers to the initiation of starch granule formation within a plastid. In Triticae crops, grain development proceeds via two temporally separated waves of granule initiation that give rise to large A-type granules and small B-type granules. As used herein a starch granule initiation gene may initiate the formation of one or more of A and / or B-type granules. In one

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the mutation in a starch granule initiation gene reduces or abolishes the activity or expression of the gene / protein. As we describe below, loss-of- function mutations in starch granule initiation genes have been described in the literature. To our surprise, these mutations in starch granule initiation genes can be combined with a reduction in the expression or activity of PARC6 to further alter starch granule size in a plant.

[0084] We have identified that a mutation in PARC6 alters starch granule initiation and amyloplast size, resulting in increased starch granule size and also increased amyloplast size. Therefore, a mutation in a PARC6 nucleic acid can be described as a mutation affecting amyloplast size (an “amyloplast mutation”) and also starch granule initiation (a “starch granule initiation mutation”). We hypothesised that starch granule initiation may be further affected by combining an amyloplast mutation (i.e., PARC6) with a further (additional) starch granule initiation mutation. However, we could not reasonably know what effect would be observed, if any. It was possible that starch initiation genes act redundantly and so no notable effect would be seen from their combinations. Surprisingly, we identified that combining the PARC6 mutation with a further starch granule initiation mutation results in a greater increase in starch granule distribution.

[0085] As shown in Example III, combining a PARC6 mutation and a further starch granule initiation mutation in a second starch granule initiation gene (i.e., not PARC6) results in a large increase in A-type and B-type granule diameter. This further shift in granule size distribution is shown in Figure 14; the combined mutant had a much larger proportion of large granules (shown by the shift of the curve upwards) and also larger granules (shown by the shift of the curve to the right) than a PARC6 mutant and wild-type.

[0086] In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene contributes to or determines A-type granule initiation. In another embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene contributes to or determines B-type granule initiation. In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene contributes to or determines A-type and B-type granule initiation. In one embodiment, at least one mutation in a starch granule initiation gene affects the number or timing of granule initiation. In another embodiment, the mutation in the second starch granule initiation gene is a loss or partial loss of function mutation, as defined herein. Alternatively, the mutation is a gain of function or partial gain of function mutation.

[0087] In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene is PHS1 (plastidial a-glucan phosphorylase).

[0088] PHS1 is located on chromosome group 5 of wheat, and a copy can be found on every homoeolog; i.e., in hexapioid wheat, PHS1 can be expressed as AABB, and in tetrapioid wheat, AABBDD. In the cultivar Chinese Spring, these are PHS1-5A (TraesCS5A02G395200.1), PHS-5B (TraesCS5B02G400000.2) and PHS-5D (TraesCS5D02G404500.1). In the durum wheat reference genome, these corresponded to PHS1-5A (TRITD5Av1G205670) and PHS1-5B (TRITD5Bv1G201740).

[0089] As described in the patent application WO / 2024 / 027967, single (aa BB and AA bb) and double (aa bb) hexapioid wheat phs1-1 mutants show fewer, but larger, B-type granules. In particular, wheat double mutants showed a significant 26% decrease in the relative number of small granules in the double mutant compared to the wild type. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in PHS1 , and is preferably a mutation in multiple or all homoeologs of PHS1 in a plant.

[0090] In one embodiment, the method additionally comprises (in addition to at least one PARC6 mutation) introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene encoding PHS1 and / or the PHS1 promoter. Preferably, the mutation is a loss of function or partial loss of function mutation, wherein preferably the mutation reduces or abolishes the phosphorylase activity of PHS1.

[0091] In one embodiment, the mutation is a reduction (knock down) or loss of function (knock out) mutant wherein the function of a PHS1 nucleic acid sequence is reduced or lost compared to a wild type or control plant. Preferably, the mutation is a knock out and not a knock down, meaning that PHS1 expression is abolished or significantly abolished (e.g. by at least 80%, 90% or 95% or more) or that a PHS1 protein has no detectable function and / or activity (e.g. phosphorylase function). To this end, a mutation is introduced into either the PHS1 gene sequence or the corresponding promoter sequence which disrupts the transcription of the gene or the function of the protein. The mutation may be a functional mutation, meaning any mutation that reduces or abolishes the phosphorylase activity of PHS1 . In one embodiment, PHS1 comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 72, 74, 76, 88 and 90 or a functional variant or homolog thereof, and preferably encodes an amino acid comprising the sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 73, 75, 77, 89 and 91 or a functional variant or homolog thereof. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the at least one mutation in PHS1 is a mutation in a sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID NO: 72 to 77 or 88 to 91 , or a functional variant or homolog thereof.

[0092] In one embodiment, the mutation is a STOP codon mutation. For example, the mutation may be a G to A mutation at position 1755 of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence (this may be referred to as the K4533 mutation); or a G to A mutation at position 2025 of SEQ ID NO: 90 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence (this may be referred to as the K2864 mutation).

[0093] In another embodiment, the mutation is a splice acceptor mutation. For example, the mutation may be a G to A mutation at position 4790 of SEQ ID NO: 88 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This may be referred to as the K4367 mutation.

[0094] In another embodiment, the mutation is a splice donor mutation. For example, the mutation may be a G to A mutation at position 2287 of SEQ ID NO: 74 or 90 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This may be referred to as the K0238 mutation.

[0095] In one embodiment, the method may comprise introducing one or more of the K4533, K4367, K0238 and K2864 (or homologous mutations) as described herein into a PHS1 nucleic acid. In a further embodiment, the method may comprise introducing the following mutations: a K4367 and a K2864 mutation (or homologous mutations) into a PHS1 nucleic acid; or a K4533 and a K0238 mutation (or homologous mutations) into a PHS1 nucleic acid.

[0096] In another embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene is a gene belonging to the PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH (PTST) family. Preferably, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in a gene belonging to the PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH (PTST) family. The protein product of genes belonging to the PTST family are characterised as comprising two types of domain; one or more coiled-coil domains and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain of the CBM48 class. The skilled person can use these conserved domains to identify members of this protein family using routine methods, such as alignment of sequences. In particular, sequence alignment tools such as blast have optimised programs for the alignment of conserved domains, such as CD search - NCBI Conserved Domain Database (CDD). In another embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene is B-GRANULE CONTENT 1 (BGC1). Orthologues of BGC1 are found in a range of other plants, and are known by different names; FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 (FLO6) in rice (Oryza) and barley (Horghum vulgare), PTST2 (gene ref: At1g27070) in Arabidopsis.

[0097] BGC1 is located on chromosome group 4 of wheat, and a copy can be found on every homoeolog; i.e., in hexapioid wheat, BGC1 can be expressed as AABB, and in tetrapioid wheat, AABBDD. In the tetrapioid cultivar Kronos, these are BGC1-A (TraesCS4A02G284000.1 , SEQ ID NO: 92, 93), BCG1-B (TraesCS4B02G029700.2, SEQ ID NO: 94, 95). In hexapioid wheat, the sequences are BGC1-A (SEQ ID NO: 60, 63), BCG1-B (SEQ ID NO: 61 , 64), BCG1-D (SEQ ID NO: 62, 65).

[0098] In one embodiment, BGC1 comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 60 to 62, 92 and 94, or a functional variant or homolog thereof, and preferably encodes an amino acid comprising the sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 63 to 65, 93 and 95 or a functional variant or homolog thereof. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the at least one mutation in BGC1 is a mutation in a sequence defined by SEQ ID NO: 60 to 65, 92 to 95, or a functional variant or homolog thereof.

[0099] In Triticeae crops, such as wheat, small reductions in BGC1 protein (achieved through single homoeolog mutations) have little or no impact on granule size or shape. Significant reductions in the BGC1 protein can be achieved through a double genome mutation (for example, double homoeolog mutations such as aa-BB-dd, or --bb-- or aa--DD) and results in a reduction or loss of B-type starch granules but does not affect A-type granules. Complete elimination of the BGC1 protein can be achieved through a total knockout of all copies of BGC1 and results in a lack of B-type starch granules and severe disruption of A-type granule number and morphology. Therefore, a significant reduction in BGC1 , achieved by a double homoeolog mutation, is most desirable.

[0100] In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in BGC1 in wheat, wherein at least one mutation of BGC1 is present in two homoeologs. That is, aabb in a tetrapioid plant, or two mutations within at least two of the A, B and D genomes of a hexapioid plant.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the mutation is a STOP codon mutation in a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 60 to 65 and 92 to 95, or a functional variant or homolog thereof. For example, the mutation may be a G<A mutation at position 2244 or position 3145 of SEQ ID NO: 92 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. Such mutations are equivalent to a W>STOP mutation in SEQ ID NO: 63. These may be referred to as the K2244 and K3145 mutations, respectively. In another example, the mutation may be a C<T mutation at position 1730 of SEQ ID NO: 61 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This is equivalent to a Q<STOP mutation in SEQ ID NO: 95. This mutation may be referred to as the C1730 mutation.

[0102] In one embodiment, the mutation is a missense mutation in a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 60 to 65 and 92 to 95, or a functional variant or homolog thereof, and preferably the mutation reduces or abolishes the activity of BGC1. For example, the mutation may be a G<A mutation at position 456 of SEQ ID NO: 94 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This mutation is equivalent to a E>K mutation in SEQ ID NO: 95. This mutation may be referred to as the K0456 mutation. In another example, the mutation may be a G / A mutation at position 3239 of SEQ ID NO: 94 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This mutation is equivalent to a V>l mutation in SEQ ID NO: 95. This mutation may be referred to as the K3239 mutation. In another example, the mutation is a C<T mutation at position 3889 of SEQ ID NO: 94 or a corresponding position in a homologous sequence. This mutation is equivalent to a P>S mutation in SEQ ID NO: 95. This mutation may be referred to as the K3889 mutation.

[0103] In one embodiment, the mutation is a reduction (knock down) or loss of function (knock out) mutant wherein the function of a BGC1 nucleic acid sequence is reduced or lost compared to a wild type or control plant. Preferably, the mutation is a knock out and not a knock down, meaning that BGC1 expression is abolished or significantly abolished (e.g. by at least 80%, 90% or 95% or more) or that a BGC1 protein has no detectable function and / or activity (e.g. carbohydrate binding function). To this end, a mutation is introduced into either the BGC1 gene sequence or the corresponding promoter sequence which disrupts the transcription of the gene or the function of the protein. The mutation may be a functional mutation, meaning any mutation that reduces or abolishes the carbohydrate binding activity of BGC1 or its activity in starch granule initiation or timing.

[0104] In one embodiment, the method may comprise introducing one or more of the K2244, K3145, K0456, K3239, K3889 and C1730 (or homologous mutations) as described herein into a BGC1 nucleic acid. In a further embodiment, the method may comprise introducing the following mutations: a K2244, K3145 and C1730 mutation (or homologous mutations) into a BGC1 nucleic acid; or a K0456, K3239 and a K3889 mutation (or homologous mutations) into a BGC1 nucleic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the mutation in a starch granule initiation gene increases or partially increases the activity or expression of the gene / protein. As we describe below, gain- of-function mutations in starch granule initiation genes have been described in the literature.

[0105] In another embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene is STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4). SS4 is a glucosyltransferase that elongates a-1 ,4-linked glucan chains of starch polymers using ADP-glucose, and is encoded on chromosome group 1 of wheat. In hexapioid wheat, SS4 can be expressed as AABB, and in tetrapioid wheat, AABBDD. In the cultivar Chinese Spring, these are SS4-1A (TraesCS1A02G353300, SEQ ID NO: 66, 69), SS4-1A (TraesCS1 B02G368500, SEQ ID NO: 67, 70) and SS4-1 D (TraesCS1 D02G356900).

[0106] In one embodiment, SS4 comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 66 to 68, or a functional variant or homolog thereof, and preferably encodes an amino acid comprising the sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 69 to 71 or a functional variant or homolog thereof. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the at least one mutation in SS4 is a mutation in a sequence defined by SEQ ID NO: 66 to 71 , or a functional variant or homolog thereof. In one embodiment, the mutation in a SS4 gene sequence or the corresponding promoter sequence is a gain of function mutation. The mutation may be a functional mutation, meaning any mutation that increases the glucosyltransferase activity of SS4 and / or its activity in starch granule initiation.

[0107] In another embodiment, the starch granule initiation gene is MRC (MYOSIN RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN), also known as PROTEIN INVOLVED IN STARCH INITIATION, PII1. MRC is an interactive protein, interacting with SS4 directly and associating with other proteins such as PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH 2 (PTST2) and MAR-BINDING FILAMENT-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (MFP1) (either directly or indirectly) to contribute to starch granule initiation and development. MRC may also interact with other proteins in the wheat endosperm.

[0108] In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in MRC, and preferably is a gain-of-function mutation. By gain-of-function of MRC is meant an increase in the expression or activity of a MRC gene or polypeptide. Increasing the expression or activity of MRC biases the distribution of granules in favour of the larger granule sizes (i.e. shifts the distribution curve to the right) and a reduction in starch granule number. A gain-of-function mutation may be defined as mutation that increases the protein-interacting activity of MRC, as described above. An increase in the activity of a MRC polypeptide may be determined by measuring these protein-protein interactions, using techniques standard in the art, such as, but not limited to, interaction assays using recombinant proteins, yeast-2-hybrid, immunoprecipitation or bimolecular fluorescence.

[0109] Accordingly, the mutation may be a functional mutation, meaning any mutation that increases the protein-interacting activity of MRC.

[0110] In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in MRC, and is preferably a gain-of-function mutation in the 6A homoeolog of a tetrapioid wheat. In one embodiment, the starch granule initiation mutation is a mutation in MRC, and is preferably a gain-of-function mutation in the 6A homoeolog and / or 6B homoeolog and / or 6D homoeolog of a hexploid wheat.

[0111] In one embodiment, MRC comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 78, 79, 82, 83, 84 or a functional variant or homolog thereof, and preferably encodes an amino acid comprising the sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 80, 81 , 85, 86, 87 or a functional homolog or variant thereof. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the at least one mutation in MRC is a mutation in a sequence defined by SEQ ID NO: 78 to 87, or a functional variant or homolog thereof.

[0112] In one embodiment, the at least one mutation in the MRC nucleic acid sequence results in an amino acid mutation at one or more of the following positions:

[0113] Position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation results in an amino acid substitution, preferably an L to F substitution at position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation in the amino acid sequence arises from a mutation of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the mutation is at positions 1671 to 1673 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Even more preferably, the mutation is a CTC to TTC mutation at positions 1671 to 1673 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence; and / or

[0114] Position 681 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation results in an amino acid substitution, preferably a P to S substitution at position 681 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation in the amino acid sequence arises from a mutation of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the mutation is at positions 2532 to 2534 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Even more preferably, the mutation is a CCA to TCA mutation at positions 2532 to 2534 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence; and / or

[0115] Position 625 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation results in an amino acid substitution, preferably an A to T substitution at position 625 of SEQ ID NO: 80 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Preferably said mutation in the amino acid sequence arises from a mutation of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the mutation is at positions 2364 to 2366 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence. Even more preferably, the mutation is a GCA to ACA mutation at positions 2364 to 2366 of SEQ ID NO: 78 or a homologous position in a homologous sequence.

[0116] In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression or activity of PARC6 and reduced expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation, wherein the gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation is selected from PHS1 , BGC1 , SS4 and / or MRC.

[0117] In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a method for altering a starch granule characteristic in a plant, the method comprising reducing the expression or activity of PARC6 and altering the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation, wherein the gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation is selected from PHS1 , BGC1 , SS4 and / or MRC. In a preferred embodiment, altering the expression or activity of PHS1 and / or BGC1 means reducing the expression or activity of said genes and / or the encoded polypeptides. In a preferred embodiment, altering the expression or activity of SS4 and / or MRC means increasing the expression or activity of said genes and / or the encoded polypeptides.

[0118] In one embodiment, the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation may be reduced or abolished using at least one RNAi molecule, as described herein, against one of PHS1 and / or BGC1 . Alternatively, the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation may be reduced or abolished by introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene of PHS1 and / or BGC1.

[0119] In one embodiment, the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation may be increased by introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene of SS4 and / or MRC. In one embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both PHS1 and BGC1. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both PHS1 and SS4. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both PHS1 and MRC. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both BGC1 and SS4. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both BGC1 and MRC. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in both SS4 and MRC. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in PHS1 , BGC1 and SS4. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in PHS1 , BGC1 and MRC. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in BGC1 and SS4 and MRC. In another embodiment, the plant may comprise a mutation in PHS1 , BGC1 , SS4 and MRC.

[0120] Methods to introduce an appropriate mutation are described below, as well as in the original disclosures of the starch granule initiation genes.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment, said genetic modification is introduced using gene editing. In a more preferred embodiment, the method of gene editing is targeted genome editing, preferably using ZFNs, TALENs or CRISPR / Cas9 (or Cpf1). In an alternative embodiment, the genetic modification comprises mutagenesis, preferably TILLING or T-DNA insertion. In an alternative embodiment, the genetic modification comprises transformation, preferably using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

[0122] In one embodiment, the sequence of the PARC6 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11 , 15, 19, 23 or 27 or a functional variant or homologue thereof and encodes a polypeptide as defined in one of SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 respectively or a functional variant or homologue thereof. The genomic DNA sequences of the three PARC6 homeologs for Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), encoded in the group 2 chromosomes, are shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 7 and 11 and the two PARC6 homeologs of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) are shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 and 19. The cDNA sequences are shown in SEQ ID Nos: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26.

[0123] As used throughout, by “PARC6 promoter” is meant a region extending at least or approx. 2 Kbp upstream of the ATG codon of the PARC6 ORF. In one embodiment, the sequence of the PARC6 promoter comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence as defined in any one of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 or a functional variant or homologue thereof. In one embodiment, the PARC6 promoter may also include 5’ UTR sequences. In the above embodiments an ‘endogenous’ nucleic acid may refer to the native or natural sequence in the plant genome. Also included in the scope of this invention are functional variants (as defined herein) and homologs of the above identified sequences.

[0124] The term “functional variant” (or “variant”) as used herein with reference to any of the sequences described herein refers to a variant sequence or part of the sequence which retains the biological function of the full non-variant sequence. Accordingly, a functional variant of PARC6 is able to mediate plastid division. A functional variant also comprises a variant of the gene of interest which has sequence alterations that do not affect function, for example in nonconserved residues. Also encompassed is a variant that is substantially identical, i.e. has only some sequence variations, for example in non-conserved residues, compared to the wild type sequences as shown herein and is biologically active. Alterations in a nucleic acid sequence which result in the production of a different amino acid at a given site that do not affect the functional properties of the encoded polypeptide are well known in the art. For example, a codon for the amino acid alanine, a hydrophobic amino acid, may be substituted by a codon encoding another less hydrophobic residue, such as glycine, or a more hydrophobic residue, such as valine, leucine, or isoleucine. Similarly, changes which result in substitution of one negatively charged residue for another, such as aspartic acid for glutamic acid, or one positively charged residue for another, such as lysine for arginine, can also be expected to produce a functionally equivalent product. Each of the proposed modifications is well within the routine skill in the art, as is determination of retention of biological activity of the encoded products.

[0125] In one embodiment, a functional variant has at least 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31 %, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41 %, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%,

[0126] 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61 %, 62%, 63%,

[0127] 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,

[0128] 80%, 81 %, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,

[0129] 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99% overall sequence identity to the non-variant nucleic acid or amino acid sequence.

[0130] The term homolog, as used herein, also designates a PARC6 promoter or PARC6 gene orthologue from other Triticeae tribe-belonging species. A homolog may have, in increasing order of preference, at least 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31 %, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%,

[0131] 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41 %, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51 %,

[0132] 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61 %, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%,

[0133] 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81 %, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99% overall sequence identity to the amino acid represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 or to the nucleic acid sequences as shown by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 and 24.

[0134] Functional variants of PARC6 homologs as defined above are also within the scope of the invention.

[0135] Two nucleic acid sequences or polypeptides are said to be "identical" if the sequence of nucleotides or amino acid residues, respectively, in the two sequences is the same when aligned for maximum correspondence as described below. The terms "identical" or percent "identity," in the context of two or more nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences, refer to two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specified percentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that are the same, when compared and aligned for maximum correspondence over a comparison window, as measured using one of the following sequence comparison algorithms or by manual alignment and visual inspection. When percentage of sequence identity is used in reference to proteins or peptides, it is recognised that residue positions that are not identical often differ by conservative amino acid substitutions, where amino acids residues are substituted for other amino acid residues with similar chemical properties (e.g., charge or hydrophobicity) and therefore do not change the functional properties of the molecule. Where sequences differ in conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution. Means for making this adjustment are well known to those of skill in the art. For sequence comparison, typically one sequence acts as a reference sequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequence comparison algorithm, test and reference sequences are entered into a computer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, and sequence algorithm program parameters are designated. Default program parameters can be used, or alternative parameters can be designated. The sequence comparison algorithm then calculates the percent sequence identities for the test sequences relative to the reference sequence, based on the program parameters. Non-limiting examples of algorithms that are suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms.

[0136] Suitable homologs can be identified by sequence comparisons and identifications of conserved domains. There are predictors in the art that can be used to identify such sequences. The function of the homologue can be identified as described herein and a skilled person would thus be able to confirm the function, for example when knocked-out in a plant. 1

[0137] Thus, the nucleotide sequences of the invention and described herein can also be used to isolate corresponding sequences from other organisms, particularly other plants, for example crop plants. In this manner, methods such as PCR, hybridization, and the like can be used to identify such sequences based on their sequence homology to the sequences described herein. Topology of the sequences and the characteristic domains structure can also be considered when identifying and isolating homologs. Sequences may be isolated based on their sequence identity to the entire sequence or to fragments thereof. In hybridization techniques, all or part of a known nucleotide sequence is used as a probe that selectively hybridizes to other corresponding nucleotide sequences present in a population of cloned genomic DNA fragments or cDNA fragments (i.e. , genomic or cDNA libraries) from a chosen plant. The hybridization probes may be genomic DNA fragments, cDNA fragments, RNA fragments, or other oligonucleotides, and may be labelled with a detectable group, or any other detectable marker. Methods for preparation of probes for hybridization and for construction of cDNA and genomic libraries are generally known in the art and are disclosed in Sambrook, et al., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Library Manual (2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, New York).

[0138] Hybridization of such sequences may be carried out under stringent conditions. By "stringent conditions" or "stringent hybridization conditions" is intended conditions under which a probe will hybridize to its target sequence to a detectably greater degree than to other sequences (e.g., at least 2-fold over background). Stringent conditions are sequence dependent and will be different in different circumstances. By controlling the stringency of the hybridization and / or washing conditions, target sequences that are 100% complementary to the probe can be identified (homologous probing). Alternatively, stringency conditions can be adjusted to allow some mismatching in sequences so that lower degrees of similarity are detected (heterologous probing). Generally, a probe is less than about 1000 nucleotides in length, preferably less than 500 nucleotides in length. Typically, stringent conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is less than about 1.5 M Na ion, typically about 0.01 to 1.0 M Na ion concentration (or other salts) at pH 7.0 to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30°C for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at least about 60°C for long probes (e.g., greater than 50 nucleotides). Duration of hybridization is generally less than about 24 hours, usually about 4 to 12. Stringent conditions may also be achieved with the addition of destabilizing agents such as formamide.

[0139] In a further embodiment, a variant as used herein can comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide as defined herein that is capable of hybridising under stringent conditions as defined herein to a nucleic acid sequence as defined in any of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11 , 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26 or 27.

[0140] In one embodiment, the invention comprises altering the size distribution of starch granules, as described herein, wherein the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 gene and / or promoter wherein the PARC6 gene comprises or consists of a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide as defined in one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25; b. a nucleic acid sequence with at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99% overall sequence identity to either (a); or c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide as defined herein that is capable of hybridising under stringent conditions as defined herein to the nucleic acid sequence of any of (a) to (c); d. and wherein the PARC6 promoter comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence as defined in one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28; or e. a nucleic acid sequence with at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99% overall sequence identity to (e); or f. a nucleic acid sequence capable of hybridising under stringent conditions as defined herein to the nucleic acid sequence of any of (e) to (f).

[0141] By “at least one mutation” is meant that where the PARC6 gene (and promoter) is present as more than one copy or homoeologs (with the same or slightly different sequence) there is at least one mutation in at least one gene and / or promoter. In one embodiment, all genes / promoters are mutated. In another embodiment, where the plant is a tetrapioid, for example tetrapioid wheat, the PARC6 gene and / or promoter is mutated on the A genome only, B genome only, or the A and B genome. In another embodiment, where the plant is a hexapioid, for example hexapioid wheat, the PARC6 gene and / or promoter is mutated on the A and / or B and / or D genome. By mutating one, both or all copies of the genome, where applicable, control over the level of increase in the starch granule characteristic (e.g. starch granule size) can be achieved. This is shown in Fig. 12, which shows a striking dosage effect of Ttparc6 mutations on granule size distribution.

[0142] In one embodiment, a mutation is introduced into two PARC6 homoeologs, wherein the first PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 13 (77PARC6-A1) and wherein the second PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 17 (77PARC6-B1).

[0143] In one embodiment, a mutation is introduced into two PARC6 homoeologs, wherein the first PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1 (7aPARC6-A1) and wherein the second PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 5 (7aPARC6-B1).

[0144] In a further embodiment, a mutation is introduced into three PARC6 homoeologs, wherein the first PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1 (7aPARC6-A1) and wherein the second PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 5(7aPARC6-B1) and wherein the third PARC6 homoeolog encodes a protein as defined in SEQ ID NO: 9 (7aPARC6-D1).

[0145] In a preferred embodiment, the mutation that is introduced into the endogenous PARC6 gene or promoter thereof can be selected from the following mutation types

[0146] 1 . a "missense mutation", which is a change in the nucleic acid sequence that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another amino acid;

[0147] 2. a "nonsense mutation" or "STOP codon mutation", which is a change in the nucleic acid sequence that results in the introduction of a premature STOP codon and, thus, the termination of translation (resulting in a truncated protein); in plants, the translation stop codons may be selected from "TGA" (UGA in RNA), "TAA" (UAA in RNA) and "TAG" (UAG in RNA); thus any nucleotide substitution, insertion, deletion which results in one of these codons to be in the mature mRNA being translated (in the reading frame) will terminate translation.

[0148] 3. an "insertion mutation" of one or more nucleotides or one or more amino acids, due to one or more codons having been added in the coding sequence of the nucleic acid;

[0149] 4. a "deletion mutation" of one or more nucleotides or of one or more amino acids, due to one or more codons having been deleted in the coding sequence of the nucleic acid;

[0150] 5. a "frameshift mutation", resulting in the nucleic acid sequence being translated in a different frame downstream of the mutation. A frameshift mutation can have various causes, such as the insertion, deletion or duplication of one or more nucleotides. 6. a “splice site” mutation, which is a mutation that results in the insertion, deletion or substitution of a nucleotide at the site of splicing.

[0151] Preferably the mutation is any mutation that reduces or abolishes the expression or activity of PARC6.

[0152] In one embodiment, the mutation is a STOP codon mutation. For example, in one embodiment, the mutation is selected from at least one of the following:

[0153] • Position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or 1 , hereafter referred to as Kronos (K)3921 and Cadenza (C) 3921 , respectively, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0154] • Position 503 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or 1 , hereafter referred to as K1265 and C1265, respectively, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0155] • Position 694 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or 1 , hereafter referred to as K427 and C427 respectively, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0156] • Position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , hereafter referred to as C0409, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0157] • Position 316 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , hereafter referred to as C0909, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0158] • Position 575 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , hereafter referred to as C1713, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0159] • Position 797 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , hereafter referred to as C0139, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence.

[0160] In one embodiment, the mutation is a STOP codon mutation and is selected from at least one of the following:

[0161] • Position 456 of SEQ ID NO: 17 or 5, hereafter referred to as K2369 and C2369, respectively, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0162] • Position 496 of SEQ ID NO: 17 or 5, hereafter referred to as K1159 and C1159, respectively, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0163] • Position 540 of SEQ ID NO: 17 or 5, hereafter referred to as K3916 and C3916 respectively or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0164] • Position 381 of SEQ ID NO: 5, hereafter referred to as C1713, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0165] • Position 561 of SEQ ID NO: 5, hereafter referred to as C1126, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and • Position 613 of SEQ ID NO: 5, hereafter referred to as C0383, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence.

[0166] In one embodiment, the mutation is as STOP codon mutation and is selected from at least one of the following:

[0167] Position 792 of SEQ ID NO: 9, hereafter referred to as C0291 , or a homologous

[0168] (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0169] Position 694 of SEQ ID NO: 9, hereafter referred to as C1078, or a homologous

[0170] (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0171] • Position 652 of SEQ ID NO: 9, hereafter referred to as C0747, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0172] • Position 454 of SEQ ID NO: 9, hereafter referred to as C1467, or a homologous (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence; and

[0173] • Position 331 of SEQ ID NO: 9, hereafter referred to as C0198, or a homologous

[0174] (corresponding) position in a homologous sequence.

[0175] In one embodiment, the mutation is within the nucleic acid of PARC6 gene or promoter and is preferably selected from:

[0176] • a CAG to OTA mutation

[0177] • a CAG to TAG mutation.

[0178] It is known within the art that the introduction of at least one mutation may refer to a combination of mutations within the same homolog and / or different homolog, as described above. Non-limiting examples of combinations of mutations for use in this invention may include:

[0179] • a K1265 and / or K2369 mutations (or homologous mutations) as described herein into a PARC6 nucleic acid. A plant comprising both mutations is described herein as ‘aabb’ or double mutants; or

[0180] • a K1265 and / or K3921 mutation (or homologous mutations) as described herein into a PARC6 nucleic acid; or

[0181] • a C0409 and / or C1713 and / or C0198 mutations (or homologous mutations) as described herein into a PARC6 nucleic acid. A plant comprising said mutations is described herein as ‘aabbdd’ or triple mutants.

[0182] In another embodiment, the mutation is selected from one or more of the mutations in Table

[0183] 1. Table 1 In general, the skilled person will understand that at least one mutation as defined above and which leads to the insertion, deletion or substitution of at least one nucleic acid or amino acid compared to the wild-type PARC6 promoter or PARC6 nucleic acid or protein sequence can affect the biological activity of the PARC6 protein.

[0184] In one embodiment a mutation may be introduced into the PARC6 promoter and at least one mutation is introduced into at least one PARC6 gene.

[0185] By “corresponding or homologous position in a homologous sequence” is meant an equivalent position in a similar protein or nucleic acid sequence, due to common evolutionary origin or structural conservation. Homologous positions or as used herein “corresponding positions in homologous sequences” can thus be determined by performing sequence alignments once the homologous sequence has been identified. For example, homologs can be identified using a BLAST search of the plant genome of interest using the wheat (Svevo or Chinese Spring genome reference) PARC6 as a query (i.e. one of the sequences defined in SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11 , 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26 or 27).

[0186] In one embodiment, the mutation is introduced using mutagenesis or targeted genome editing. That is, in one embodiment, the invention relates to a method and plant that has been generated by genetic engineering methods as described above, and does not encompass naturally occurring varieties.

[0187] Targeted genome modification or targeted genome editing is a genome engineering technique that uses targeted DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to stimulate genome editing through homologous recombination (HR)-mediated recombination events.

[0188] A preferred genome editing method that can be used according to the various aspects of the invention is CRISPR. The use of this technology in genome editing is well described in the art, for example in US 8,697,359 and references cited herein.

[0189] One major advantage of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, as compared to conventional gene targeting and other programmable endonucleases is the ease of multiplexing, where multiple genes can be mutated simultaneously simply by using multiple sgRNAs each targeting a different gene. In addition, where two sgRNAs are used flanking a genomic region, the intervening section can be deleted or inverted. Cas9 is thus the hallmark protein of the type II CRISPR-Cas system, and is a large monomeric DNA nuclease guided to a DNA target sequence adjacent to the PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequence motif by a complex of two noncoding RNAs: CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and transactivating crRNA (tracrRNA). The Cas9 protein contains two nuclease domains homologous to RuvC and HNH nucleases. The HNH nuclease domain cleaves the complementary DNA strand whereas the RuvC-like domain cleaves the non-complementary strand and, as a result, a blunt cut is introduced in the target DNA. Heterologous expression of Cas9 together with an sgRNA can introduce site-specific double strand breaks (DSBs) into genomic DNA of live cells from various organisms.

[0190] The single guide RNA (sgRNA) is the second component of the CRISPR / Cas system that forms a complex with the Cas9 nuclease. sgRNA is a synthetic RNA chimera created by fusing crRNA with tracrRNA. The sgRNA guide sequence located at its 5' end confers DNA target specificity. Therefore, by modifying the guide sequence, it is possible to create sgRNAs with different target specificities. The canonical length of the guide sequence is 20bp. Using techniques known in the art it is possible to design sgRNA molecules that target PARC6. In one embodiment, the sgRNA molecules target a sequence selected from SEQ ID No: 39, 40, 41 or 42 or a variant thereof as defined herein.

[0191] Cas9 expression plasmids for use in the methods of the invention can be constructed as described in the art.

[0192] In a preferred embodiment of any aspect of the invention described herein, sgRNA can be used with a modified Cas9 protein, such as nickase Cas9 or nCas9 or a “dead” Cas9 (dCas9) fused to a “Base Editor” - such as an enzyme, for example a deaminase such as cytidine deaminase, or TadA (tRNA adenosine deaminase) or ADAR or APOBEC. These enzymes are able to substitute one base for another. As a result, no DNA is deleted, but a single substitution is made. Alternatively, the method may use sgRNA together with a template or donor DNA construct, to introduce a targeted substitution, and in particular one of the substitutions described herein. In this embodiment, the introduction of a template DNA strand, following a sgRNA-mediated snip in the double-stranded DNA, can be used to produce a specific targeted mutation in the gene using homology directed repair. As a further alternative, prime editing can be used to introduce the specific mutation. Here a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease is fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase programmed with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) that is both specific to the target site and encodes the desired edit. In an alternative embodiment, the nuclease used may be Cpf1 or MAD7.

[0193] In one embodiment, the method uses a sgRNA to introduce a targeted SNP or mutation, in particular one of the substitutions described herein, into a PARC6 gene or promoter. As explained herein, the introduction of a template DNA strand, following a sgRNA-mediated snip in the double-stranded DNA, can be used to produce a specific targeted mutation (i.e. a SNP) in the gene using homology directed repair. In an alternative embodiment, at least one mutation may be introduced into the PARC6 gene, particularly at the positions described above, using any CRISPR technique known to the skilled person.

[0194] Alternatively, more conventional mutagenesis methods can be used to introduce at least one genetic modification into a PARC6 gene sequence. These methods include both physical and chemical mutagenesis. Examples include T-DNA mutagenesis, TILLING and application of ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, gamma rays, fast or thermal neutrons or protons.

[0195] A skilled person will be aware of further approaches that can be used to generate such mutants, and methods for mutagenesis and polynucleotide alterations are well known in the art. See, for example, Kunkel (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:488-492; Kunkel et al. (1987) Methods in Enzymol. 154:367-382; U.S. Patent No. 4,873,192; Walker and Gaastra, eds. (1983) Techniques in Molecular Biology (MacMillan Publishing Company, New York) and the references cited therein.

[0196] Following mutagenesis, rapid high-throughput screening procedures can analyse amplification products to identify a mutation conferring the reduction or inactivation of the expression of the PARC6 gene as compared to a corresponding non-mutagenised wild type plant. Once a mutation is identified in a gene of interest, the seeds of the M2 plant carrying that mutation are grown into adult M3 plants and screened for the phenotypic characteristics associated with the target gene PARC6. Loss of and reduced function mutants with an altered starch granule size, number and / or distribution compared to a control can thus be identified.

[0197] Plants obtained or obtainable by such method which carry a mutation in the endogenous PARC6 gene locus are also within the scope of the invention.

[0198] In an alternative embodiment, the expression of the PARC6 gene may be reduced at either the level of transcription or translation. For example, expression of a PARC6 nucleic acid or PARC6 promoter sequence, as defined herein, can be reduced or silenced using a number of gene silencing methods known to the skilled person, such as, but not limited to, the use of small interfering nucleic acids (siNA) against PARC6. “Gene silencing" is a term generally used to refer to suppression of expression of a gene via sequence-specific interactions that are mediated by RNA molecules. The degree of reduction may be so as to totally abolish production of the encoded gene product, but more usually the abolition of expression is partial, with some degree of expression remaining. The term should not therefore be taken to require complete "silencing" of expression.

[0199] In one embodiment, the siNA may include, short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), antagomirs and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) capable of mediating RNA interference. Silencing or reducing expression levels of MRC nucleic acid may also be achieved using virus-induced gene silencing.

[0200] Accordingly, in another aspect of the invention, the method comprises using RNA interference to reduce or abolish the expression of at least one PARC6 nucleic acid.

[0201] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell, wherein the plant, part thereof or plant cell comprises an RNA interference construct that reduces or abolishes the expression of at least one PARC6nucleic acid sequence. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the plant comprises and expresses a nucleic acid construct comprising a RNAi, shRNA snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ta-siRNA, amiRNA or co-suppression molecule that targets the PARC6 nucleic acid sequence as described herein and reduces expression of the endogenous PARC6 nucleic acid sequence. A gene is targeted when, for example, the RNAi, snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, shRNA miRNA, ta-siRNA, amiRNA or cosuppression molecule selectively decreases or inhibits the expression of PARC6 compared to a control plant. Alternatively, a RNAi, snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ta-siRNA, amiRNA or cosuppression molecule targets a PARC6 nucleic acid sequence when the RNAi, shRNA snRNA, dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ta-siRNA, amiRNA or co-suppression molecule hybridises under stringent conditions to the gene transcript.

[0202] The silencing RNA molecule may be introduced into the plant using conventional methods, for example a vector and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stably transformed plants are generated and expression of the PARC6 gene compared to a wild type control plant is analysed.

[0203] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of altering the size and / or size distribution of amyloplasts within a plant, the method comprising introducing at least one genetic modification into at least one nucleic acid encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, homolog or variant.

[0204] This invention has shown, in Example II, that introducing a mutation into a PARC6 gene leads to enlarged amyloplasts that contain multiple starch granules. In a preferred embodiment, altering the size distribution of amyloplasts comprises increasing the mean size of amyloplast within an endosperm and / or plant.

[0205] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing a genetically altered plant as described herein. In one embodiment, the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into a PARC6 nucleic acid and / or promoter of preferably at least one plant cell using any mutagenesis technique described herein. Preferably said method further comprising regenerating a plant from the mutated plant cell.

[0206] The method may further comprise selecting one or more mutated plants, preferably for further propagation. Preferably said selected plants comprise at least one mutation in the PARC6 gene and / or promoter sequence. Preferably said plants are characterised by at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 gene encoding a PARC6 polypeptide and / or at least one mutation in a PARC6 promoter.

[0207] The selected plants may be propagated by a variety of means, such as by clonal propagation or classical breeding techniques. For example, a first generation (or T1) transformed plant may be selfed and homozygous second-generation (or T2) transformants selected, and the T2 plants may then further be propagated through classical breeding techniques. The generated transformed organisms may take a variety of forms. For example, they may be chimeras of transformed cells and non-transformed cells; clonal transformants (e.g., all cells transformed to contain the expression cassette); grafts of transformed and untransformed tissues (e.g., in plants, a transformed rootstock grafted to an untransformed scion).

[0208] In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a plant obtained or obtainable by the above described methods.

[0209] For the purposes of the invention, a “genetically altered plant” or “mutant plant” is a plant that has been genetically altered compared to the naturally occurring wild type (WT) plant. In one embodiment, a mutant plant is a plant that has been altered compared to the naturally occurring wild type (WT) plant using a mutagenesis method, such as any of the mutagenesis methods described herein. In one embodiment, the mutagenesis method is targeted genome modification or genome editing. In one embodiment, the plant genome has been altered compared to wild type sequences using a mutagenesis method. Such plants have an altered phenotype as described herein, such as an altered starch granule size distribution. Therefore, in this example, altered starch granule size distribution is conferred by the presence of an altered plant genome, for example, a mutated endogenous PARC6 gene or PARC6 promoter sequence. In one embodiment, the endogenous promoter or gene sequence is specifically targeted using targeted genome modification and the presence of a mutated gene or promoter sequence is not conferred by the presence of transgenes expressed in the plant. In other words, the genetically altered plant can be described as transgene-free.

[0210] A plant according to the various aspects of the invention described herein may be selected from wheat, barley, maize, rice, rye, oat, potato, cassava, yam and sweet potato.

[0211] In a preferred embodiment, the plant may be a Triticeae crop plant. Preferably the plant is selected from barley, wheat or rye. In one embodiment, the plant is bread wheat or pasta wheat. For example, the plant may be T.aestivum or T.turgidum or T.durunr

[0212] In one embodiment the plant is not Arabidopsis. In another embodiment, the plant is not rice.

[0213] The term "plant" as used herein encompasses whole plants, ancestors and progeny of the plants and plant parts, including seeds, fruit, shoots, stems, leaves, roots, flowers, tissues and organs, wherein each of the aforementioned comprise the nucleic acid construct as described herein. The term "plant" also encompasses plant cells, suspension cultures, callus tissue, embryos, meristematic regions, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen and microspores, again wherein each of the aforementioned comprises the nucleic acid construct as described herein.

[0214] The invention also extends to harvestable parts of a plant of the invention as described herein, but not limited to seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, stems, roots, rhizomes, tubers and bulbs. The aspects of the invention also extend to products derived, preferably directly derived, from a harvestable part of such a plant, such as dry pellets or powders, oil, fat and fatty acids, starch or proteins. Another product that may derived from the harvestable parts of the plant of the invention is biodiesel. The invention also relates to food products and food supplements comprising the plant of the invention or parts thereof. In one embodiment, the food products may be animal feed. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a product derived from a plant as described herein or from a part thereof. In a most preferred embodiment, the plant part or harvestable product is a seed or grain. Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a seed or grain produced from a genetically altered plant as described herein. Preferably, the seed or grain is characterised by reduced expression and / or activity of PARC6, for example, the seed or grain comprises at least one mutation in at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding PARC6, wherein the at least one mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided progeny obtained or obtainable from the seed or grain of the invention.

[0215] In another embodiment of the invention, the plant part is a starch storage organ comprising starch granules which have a mean granule size which is increased by 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more or 45% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more compared to the mean granule size in a control or wild-type plant. Preferably, the size is increased.

[0216] In an alternative embodiment, the plant part is pollen, a propagule or progeny of the genetically altered plant described herein. Accordingly, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided pollen, a propagule or progeny of the genetically altered plant as described herein.

[0217] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided starch or a starch composition obtained or obtainable from at least one plant cell of the genetically altered plant described herein or the grain of a genetically altered plant described herein.

[0218] There is also provided a food or feed composition prepared from the grain or starch or starch composition described herein.

[0219] Finally, there is also provided the use of the grain or starch described herein as a food or feedstuff, in biofuel (bioethanol) production or in any pharmaceutical, cosmetic or industrial application. Examples of industrial applications include the brewing, papermaking and plastic industries. Examples of food include bread, biscuits, baked goods based on wheat flour and pasta.

[0220] A control plant as used herein according to all of the aspects of the invention is a plant which has not been modified according to the methods of the invention. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the control plant does not have a mutated PARC6 nucleic acid encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, as described herein. In an alternative embodiment, the plant not been genetically modified, as described above. In one embodiment, the control plant is a wild type plant. The control plant is typically of the same plant species, preferably having the same genetic background as the modified plant.

[0221] Genome editing constructs for use with the methods for targeted genome modification described herein

[0222] By “crRNA” or CRISPR RNA is meant the sequence of RNA that contains the protospacer element and additional nucleotides that are complementary to the tracrRNA.

[0223] By “tracrRNA” (transactivating RNA) is meant the sequence of RNA that hybridises to the crRNA and binds a CRISPR enzyme, such as Cas9 thereby activating the nuclease complex to introduce double-stranded breaks at specific sites within the genomic sequence of at least one PARC6 nucleic acid or promoter sequence.

[0224] By “protospacer element” is meant the portion of crRNA (or sgRNA) that is complementary to the genomic DNA target sequence, usually around 20 nucleotides in length. This may also be known as a spacer or targeting sequence.

[0225] By “sgRNA” (single-guide RNA) is meant the combination of tracrRNA and crRNA in a single RNA molecule, preferably also including a linker loop (that links the tracrRNA and crRNA into a single molecule). “sgRNA” may also be referred to as “gRNA" and in the present context, the terms are interchangeable. The sgRNA or gRNA provide both targeting specificity and scaffolding / binding ability for a CRISPR nuclease. A gRNA may refer to a dual RNA molecule comprising a crRNA molecule and a tracrRNA molecule.

[0226] By “TAL effector” (transcription activator-like (TAL) effector) or TALE is meant a protein sequence that can bind the genomic DNA target sequence (a sequence within the PARC6 gene or promoter sequence) and that can be fused to the cleavage domain of an endonuclease such as Fokl to create TAL effector nucleases or TALENS or meganucleases to create megaTALs. A TALE protein is composed of a central domain that is responsible for DNA binding, a nuclear-localisation signal and a domain that activates target gene transcription. The DNA-binding domain consists of monomers and each monomer can bind one nucleotide in the target nucleotide sequence. Monomers are tandem repeats of 33-35 amino acids, of which the two amino acids located at positions 12 and 13 are highly variable (repeat variable diresidue, RVD). It is the RVDs that are responsible for the recognition of a single specific nucleotide. HD targets cytosine; Nl targets adenine, NG targets thymine and NN targets guanine (although NN can also bind to adenine with lower specificity).

[0227] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a nucleic acid construct wherein the nucleic acid construct comprises a nucleic acid sequence that encodes at least one DNA-binding domain. In one embodiment the DNA-binding domain can bind to a sequence in the PARC6 gene and / or promoter. Preferably said sequence is selected from SEQ ID Nos 30, 40, 41 or 42 or a variant thereof.

[0228] In one embodiment, the nucleic acid construct comprises one or more DNA-binding domains, such that the construct can bind to one or more, preferably at least two or three sequences in a PARC6 gene or promoter. In another or additional embodiment, the nucleic acid construct comprises one or more DNA-binding domains such that the construct can bind to sequences in multiple PARC6 gene or promoter homologs within or between species. In one embodiment, the sequences are selected from the following target sequences. i. SEQ ID NO: 39. Wheat PARC6 target sequence 1. Binds to wheat PARC6-A, B, and D homologs, and PARC6 gene in barley and rye. ii. SEQ ID NO: 40. Wheat PARC6 target sequence 2. Binds to wheat PARC6-A, B, and D homologs, and PARC6 gene in rye. iii. SEQ ID NO: 41. Wheat PARC6 target sequence 3. Binds to wheat PARC6-A, B, and D homologs, and PARC6 gene in barley and rye. iv. SEQ ID NO: 42. Wheat PARC6 target sequence 4. Binds to wheat PARC6-A, B, and D homologs, and PARC6 gene in barley and rye.

[0229] In one embodiment, the nucleic acid construct encodes at least one protospacer element wherein the sequence of the protospacer element is selected from SEQ ID NO: 43, 44, 45 or 46 (PARC6 protospacer sequence 1 - 4) or a variant thereof. In on example, the nucleic acid construct may comprise one, two or three protospacer sequences, wherein the sequence of the protospacer sequences is selected from SEQ ID NO: 43, 44, 45 or 46 (PARC6 protospacer sequence 1 - 4).

[0230] In a further embodiment, the nucleic acid construct comprises a crRNA-encoding sequence. As defined above, a crRNA sequence may comprise the protospacer elements as defined above and preferably additional nucleotides that are complementary to the tracrRNA. An appropriate sequence for the additional nucleotides will be known to the skilled person as these are defined by the choice of Cas protein. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid construct further comprises a tracrRNA sequence. An appropriate tracrRNA sequence would be known to the skilled person as this sequence is defined by the choice of Cas protein. Nonetheless, in one embodiment said sequence comprises or consists of a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 47 (tracrRNA sequence).

[0231] In a further embodiment, the nucleic acid construct comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence that encodes a sgRNA (or gRNA). Again, as already discussed, sgRNA typically comprises a crRNA sequence or protospacer sequence and a tracrRNA sequence and preferably a sequence for a linker loop. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid construct comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence that encodes a sgRNA sequence as defined in any of SEQ ID Nos 48, 49, 50 and 51 (complete sgRNA-encoding nucleic acid sequence 1- 4).

[0232] In a further embodiment, the nucleic acid construct may further comprise at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding an endoribonuclease cleavage site. Preferably the endoribonuclease is Csy4 (also known as Cas6f) and more preferably a codon optimised csy4, for example as defined in SEQ ID NO: 57 (Csy4). Where the nucleic acid construct comprises multiple sgRNA nucleic acid sequences the construct may comprise the same number of endoribonuclease cleavage sites. In another embodiment, the cleavage site is 5’ of the sgRNA nucleic acid sequence. Accordingly, each sgRNA nucleic acid sequence is flanked by an endoribonuclease cleavage site. In one embodiment, where the nucleic acid construct comprises a cas protein, the nucleic acid construct may comprise sequences for the expression of an endoribonuclease, such as Csy4 expressed as a 5’ terminal P2A fusion (used as a selfcleaving peptide) to a cas protein, such as Cas9, for example, as defined in SEQ ID NO: 56.

[0233] Cas9 expression vectors for use in the present invention can be constructed as described in the art. In one example, the expression vector comprises a nucleic acid sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 48, 49, 50 or 51 or a functional variant or homolog thereof, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a suitable promoter (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 58 or 59).

[0234] In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an isolated plant cell transfected with at least one nucleic acid construct or sgRNA molecule as described herein.

[0235] In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a genetically modified or edited plant comprising the transfected cell described herein. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid construct or constructs may be integrated in a stable form. In an alternative embodiment, the nucleic acid construct or constructs are not integrated (i.e. are transiently expressed). Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the genetically modified plant is free of any sgRNA and / or Cas protein nucleic acid. In other words, the plant is transgene free.

[0236] The term "introduction", “transfection” or "transformation" as referred to herein encompasses the transfer of an exogenous polynucleotide into a host cell, irrespective of the method used for transfer. Plant tissue capable of subsequent clonal propagation, whether by organogenesis or embryogenesis, may be transformed with a genetic construct of the present invention and a whole plant regenerated there from. The particular tissue chosen will vary depending on the clonal propagation systems available for, and best suited to, the particular species being transformed. Exemplary tissue targets include leaf disks, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyls, megagametophytes, callus tissue, existing meristematic tissue (e.g., apical meristem, axillary buds, and root meristems), and induced meristem tissue (e.g., cotyledon meristem and hypocotyl meristem). The resulting transformed plant cell may then be used to regenerate a transformed plant in a manner known to persons skilled in the art.

[0237] The transfer of foreign genes into the genome of a plant is called transformation. Transformation of plants is now a routine technique in many species. Any of several transformation methods known to the skilled person may be used to introduce the nucleic acid construct or sgRNA molecule of interest into a suitable ancestor cell. The methods described for the transformation and regeneration of plants from plant tissues or plant cells may be utilized for transient or for stable transformation.

[0238] Transformation methods include the use of liposomes, electroporation, chemicals that increase free DNA uptake, injection of the DNA directly into the plant (microinjection), gene guns (or biolistic particle delivery systems (bioloistics)) as described in the examples, lipofection, transformation using viruses or pollen and microprojection. Methods may be selected from the calcium / polyethylene glycol method for protoplasts, ultrasound-mediated gene transfection, optical or laser transfection, transfection using silicon carbide fibers, electroporation of protoplasts, microinjection into plant material, DNA or RNA-coated particle bombardment, infection with (non-integrative) viruses and the like. Transgenic plants, can also be produced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation, including but not limited to using the floral dip / Agrobacterium vacuum infiltration method as described in Clough & Bent (1998) and incorporated herein by reference.

[0239] Accordingly, in one embodiment, at least one nucleic acid construct or sgRNA molecule as described herein can be introduced to at least one plant cell using any of the above described methods. In an alternative embodiment, any of the nucleic acid constructs described herein may be first transcribed to form a preassembled Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein and then delivered to at least one plant cell using any of the above described methods, such as lipofection, electroporation or microinjection.

[0240] Optionally, to select transformed plants, the plant material obtained in the transformation is, as a rule, subjected to selective conditions so that transformed plants can be distinguished from untransformed plants. For example, the seeds obtained in the above-described manner can be planted and, after an initial growing period, subjected to a suitable selection by spraying. A further possibility is growing the seeds, if appropriate after sterilization, on agar plates using a suitable selection agent so that only the transformed seeds can grow into plants. As described in the examples, a suitable marker can be bar-phosphinothricin or PPT. Alternatively, the transformed plants are screened for the presence of a selectable marker, such as, but not limited to, GFP, GUS (P-glucuronidase). Other examples would be readily known to the skilled person. Alternatively, no selection is performed, and the seeds obtained in the above-described manner are planted and grown and PARC6 expression or protein levels measured at an appropriate time using standard techniques in the art. This alternative, which avoids the introduction of transgenes, is preferable to produce transgene-free plants.

[0241] Following DNA transfer and regeneration, putatively transformed plants may also be evaluated, for instance using PCR to detect the presence of the gene of interest, copy number and / or genomic organisation. Alternatively or additionally, integration and expression levels of the newly introduced DNA may be monitored using Southern, Northern and / or Western analysis, both techniques being well known to persons having ordinary skill in the art.

[0242] The generated transformed plants may be propagated by a variety of means, such as by clonal propagation or classical breeding techniques. For example, a first generation (or T1) transformed plant may be selfed and homozygous second-generation (or T2) transformants selected, and the T2 plants may then further be propagated through classical breeding techniques.

[0243] In a further related aspect of the invention, there is also provided, a method of obtaining a genetically modified plant as described herein, the method comprising a. selecting a part of the plant; b. transfecting at least one cell of the part of the plant of paragraph (a) with at least one nucleic acid construct as described herein or at least one sgRNA molecule as described herein, using the transfection or transformation techniques described above; c. regenerating at least one plant derived from the transfected cell or cells; d. selecting one or more plants obtained according to paragraph (c) that show at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 gene or promoter.

[0244] In a further embodiment, the method also comprises the step of screening the genetically modified plant for at least one (preferably CRISPR-induced) mutation in the PARC6 gene or promoter sequence. In one embodiment, the method comprises obtaining a DNA sample from a transformed plant and carrying out DNA amplification to detect a mutation in at least one PARC6 gene or promoter sequence.

[0245] In a further embodiment, the methods comprise generating stable T2 plants preferably homozygous for the mutation (that is a mutation in in at least one PARC6 gene or promoter sequence).

[0246] Plants that have a mutation in at least one PARC6 gene or promoter sequence can also be crossed with another plant also containing at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 gene or promoter sequence to obtain plants with additional mutations in the PARC6 gene or promoter sequence. The combinations will be apparent to the skilled person. Accordingly, this method can be used to generate a T2 plants with mutations on all or an increased number of homoelogs, when compared to the number of homoeolog mutations in a single T1 plant transformed as described above.

[0247] A plant obtained or obtainable by the methods described above is also within the scope of the invention.

[0248] A genetically altered plant of the present invention may also be obtained by transference of any of the sequences of the invention by crossing, e.g., using pollen of the genetically altered plant described herein to pollinate a wild-type or control plant, or pollinating the gynoecia of plants described herein with other pollen that does not contain a mutation in at least one of the PARC6 gene or promoter sequence. The methods for obtaining the plant of the invention are not exclusively limited to those described in this paragraph; for example, genetic transformation of germ cells from the ear of wheat could be carried out as mentioned, but without having to regenerate a plant afterward.

[0249] The invention is now described in the following non-limiting examples: EXAMPLE I

[0250] Generation of plant material for the functional analysis of PARC6

[0251] We obtained the following Ttparc6 mutant lines: Kronos1265 (K1265), that carries a premature stop codon in place of Gln503 (CAG / TAG in the coding sequence; mutation at chromosome coordinate 2A:759829502) in TtPARC6-A1 , and Kronos2369 (K2369) carrying a premature stop codon in place of Gln456 (CAG / TAG in the coding sequence; mutation at chromosome coordination 213:775170338) nTtPARC6-B1 (Fig. 2a). The K1265 and K2369 lines were crossed to create the lines Taparc6-1 and Taparc6-2 (arising from two independent crossing events of the same mutant lines). KASP genotyping was used to identify homozygous single and double mutants for both A- and B-genome mutations (aaBB, AAbb, aabb) and the corresponding ‘wild-type segregants’ (AABB) in the F2 and F3 generation.

[0252] To remove any undesirable background mutation from the EMS mutagenized lines and gain stronger evidence that any observed phenotypes in the mutants arise from the TtPARC6 mutations, we crossed the Ttparc6-2 double mutants to a homozygous, transgenic wheat Kronos line overexpressing an mCherry amyloplast marker (data not shown). This line was not exposed to EMS mutagenesis and therefore represented a suitable genetic background for backcrossing as well as enabling the visualisation of amyloplasts by confocal microscopy. KASP genotyping and marker-based genotyping for the transgene was used to identify backcrossed (BC) individuals not carrying the reporter transgene, but homozygous for single and double mutants for both A- and B-genome mutations (BC aaBB, BC AAbb, BC aabb) and the corresponding ‘wild type segregants’ (BC AABB) in the F2 and F3 generation.

[0253] Our parc6 mutant in wheat facilitates the study of PARC6 function in both chloroplasts of leaves and amyloplasts of grains.

[0254] Ttparc6 mutants have no defects in plant growth and development

[0255] Both Ttparc6 double mutants (Taparc6-1 aabb and Taparc6 BC aabb) showed no difference in growth and development compared to the wild-type controls under our growth conditions (Fig. 2b). Tiller number per plant was identical between the mutants and the corresponding wild-type controls (Fig. 2b and c).

[0256] Ttparc6 mutants have normal grain size, number and yield

[0257] We then examined the grains harvested from the Ttparc6 mutants (Fig. 3a and b). The total grain yield per plant of the Ttparc6-1 aabb and Ttparc6 back-crossed aabb double mutants was not significantly different from the wild-type controls (Fig. 3c). Similarly, the average thousand grain weight (TGW) calculated for Ttparc6-1 aabb double mutant plants was not significantly different to the corresponding wild-type segregant Ttparc6-1 AABB or the WT (Fig. 3d). Interestingly, the TGW of the Ttparc6 BC aabb double mutant was significantly increased compared to the wild-type segregants and the WT (24% increase relative to the WT). Accordingly, grain width, length and area of the Ttparc6 BC aabb double mutant was also significantly increased in comparison to the wild-type segregant and the WT (10%, 6% and 15% increase respectively) (Fig 3 f, g, h). However, these increases in grain weight and size traits were only observed in the backcrossed double mutant Ttparc6 BC aabb, and not in the Ttparc6-1 aabb double mutant: suggesting that the effect on grain size is not necessarily linked to the Ttparc6 mutations. The total starch content of grains ranged from 60 to 73% among the genotypes and was similar between the double mutants and wild-type controls (Fig. 3e). In conclusion, the Ttparc6 mutants had no consistent effect on grain size and weight, and total starch content.

[0258] Ttparc6 mutants have increased starch granule sizes in the endosperm

[0259] We then purified starch granules from mature grains of the Ttparc6 mutants and examined starch granule size and morphology. Using a Coulter counter, we observed that all genotypes had a bimodal distribution of starch granule size. In the wild type, the A-type granule peak had its maximum at around 19 pm diameter and the B-type granule peak maximum was at about 6 pm diameter. The Ttparc6 double mutants had drastic altered granule size distributions compared to the WT and the corresponding wild-type controls (Fig. 4a and b). The A-type granule peak was shifted towards the larger granule diameters. The B-type granule peak was not only shifted to larger granule sizes but had a larger peak area. We fitted a log-normal distribution to the B-type granule peak and a normal distribution to the A-type granule peak, to derive the mean diameters of A- and B-type granules, as well as the B-type granule content (percentage of total starch volume that is present as B-type granules). The mean diameter of A-type granules of both double mutant (aabb) genotypes were significantly larger than those of their corresponding wild-type controls (15.1% increase in Ttparc6-1 aabb and 21.9% increase in Ttparc6 BC aabb) (Fig. 4c). While there was a shift towards larger B-type granule sizes in both the Ttparc6-1 aabb double mutants, only the backcrossed double mutant genotype had a significant increase in the mean diameter of B-type granules (27.3% increase in Ttparc6-1 aabb and 43.5% increase in Ttparc6 BC aabb) (Fig. 4d). However, we detected a large, significant increase in B-type granule content in both Ttparc6-1 aabb and Ttparc6 BC aabb double mutants, that ranged from 67-73% in double mutant genotypes vs. 35-45% in WT and the wild-type segregants Taparc6-1 AABB and Taparc6 BC AABB (Fig. 4e). There were no significant differences in the number of starch granules present (per mg of starch) between the Ttparc6 double mutants and the controls (Fig. 4f). Granule morphology is altered in mature grains of Ttparc6

[0260] To examine starch granule morphology, we observed the purified starches under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Surprisingly, the A-type granules of the Ttparc6-1 aabb and Ttparc6 BC aabb double mutants had a very distinct lobate, crumpled surface structure (Fig. 4 g, h, I, j, k). Using polarised light microscopy, we observed that most of the very large A- type granules had a disturbed Maltese-cross pattern, and some had no Maltese cross (Fig. 4 I, m, n, o. p). A similar lobate surface structure of the A-type granules was observed in the single mutants Ttparc6-1 aaBB, Ttparc6 / / bb, Ttparc6 BC aaBB and Ttparc6 BC AAbb, using SEM and polarised light imaging (Fig 12i-r).

[0261] Granule morphology is altered throughout grain development in Ttparc6

[0262] Examining granules of Ttparc6-2 double mutants in developing grains at 12, 16 and 21 days after flowering (DAF) revealed that granule morphology is altered throughout grain development in Ttparc6. At 12 DAF, before the initiation of B-type starch granules, the A-type granules of the Ttparc6-2 aabb mutant were similar in size to those of the wild-type (mean diameter of 14.4 pm and 14.0 pm respectively) (Fig. 5a and 6a). However, even at this time point, the double mutant already had strong alterations in A-type granule morphology that were similar to those observed in the mature grain (Fig. 5e, f, m,n). The synthesis of B-type granules had initiated by 16 DAF. Interestingly, at this timepoint, the A-type granules were significantly larger in diameter than the wild-type (5% increase) and B-type granule content was also increased in comparison to the wild-type (98% increase) (Fig 5b and Fig 6c). A-type granule morphology in the double mutant remained distinctly lobate, while B-type morphology was round and similar to the wild-type (Fig. 5g, h, o, p). The differences in A-type granule diameter, B-type granule diameter and B-type content in the Ttparc6-2 aabb mutant compared to the wild-type controls increased as grain development progressed (Fig. 5c, d and Fig. 6). The mature grains of the double mutant had a similar granule size distribution to those observed in the experiments of (Fig. 4, Fig. 5d, k, I, s, t and Fig. 6).

[0263] Given the highly altered starch granule size in the Taparc6 aabb double mutants, we looked into starch polymer composition and structure. We did not detect any consistent effect of Ttparc6 mutations on amylose content of starch (Fig. 8a) or on the chain length distribution of amylopectin (Fig. 8b), or the viscosity during gelatinisation (Fig. 8c and 8).

[0264] We therefore show that TaPARC6 / TtPARC6 are ideal target genes for increasing A- and B- type granule size without altering plant growth, grain size, starch content or polymer structure.

[0265] PARC6 double mutants have enlarged amyloplasts that contain multiple starch granules To assess the effects of the Ttparc6 mutation in endosperm amyloplasts, we examined sections of developing WT and Ttparc6-2 aabb grain at 16 DAF using Transmission Electron Microscopy.

[0266] In the wild-type, the amyloplast envelope was closely associated with the large A-type granules and we did not see protrusions containing additional granules (A- or B-type granules) (Fig. 7a, b). Mutants showed a range of granule phenotypes, including multiple small B-type granules enclosed within a single amyloplast envelope; amyloplasts compartments containing multiple A- and B-type granules (Fig. 7e); amyloplasts where only a single A-type granule and the amyloplast envelope was less tightly associated with the starch granules (Fig. 7d); and amyloplasts containing multiple B-type granules (Fig. 7f). These phenotypes are all indications that Ttparc6-2 aabb mutants show increased amyloplast size.

[0267] In addition, we used confocal microscopy to examine amyloplasts in segregants of the Ttparc6-2 aabb double mutant carrying the fluorescent amyloplast reporter transgene, ZmUbi:cTPmCherry. We imaged cross sections of the Ttparc6-2 + cTPmCherry aabb double mutants as well as the Ttparc6-2 + cTPmCherry AABB wild-type segregant at 16 DAF. Amyloplast size was drastically increased in the double mutant compared with the wild-type segregant, and many amyloplasts in the mutant contained more than one large A-type granule (Fig. 7). We verified that the overexpression of cTPmCherry did not influence the Ttparc6 aabb phenotype, by confirming that plant growth, grain size, starch content, and granule size distribution were comparable between the lines with and without the reporter (data not shown).

[0268] METHODS AND MATERIALS

[0269] Plant material, plant transformation and growth conditions

[0270] Mutants in Triticum turgidum (cv. Kronos) from the wheat TILLING mutant resource (Krasileva et al., 2017; http: / / www.wheat-tilling.com) were: Kronos1265 K1265; C / T at chromosome 2A coordinate 759829502) for TtPARC6-A 1, Kronos2369 (K2369; G / A at chromosome 2B coordinate 775170338) for TtPARC6-B1, Kronos3404 (K3404; C / T at chromosome 6A coordinate 35481841) for TtARC6-A1 and Kronos2205 (K2205; G / A at chromosome 6B coordinate 64929650) for TtARC6-B1. The mutations were genotyped using KASP v4 master mix (LGC) genotyping using the primers in SEQ ID NO: 29 to 38. The K1265 and K2369 lines were crossed to create the lines Taparc6-1 and Taparc6-2 (arising from two independent crossing events using separate plants). Lines K3404 and K2205 were crossed to create the line Taarc6. KASP genotyping was used in the F2 and F3 generation to identify homozygous single and double mutants for both A- and B-genome mutations (aaBB, AAbb, aabb) and the corresponding ‘wild-type segregants’ (AABB). The Ttparc6-2 aabb double mutant was crossed with the transgenic amyloplast reporter line Zmllbi:cTPmCherry in cultivar Kronos (see below) for backcrossing to remove undesirable background mutations and to visualise amyloplasts.

[0271] Wheat plants were grown in controlled environment rooms or glasshouses. Controlled environments were set to 16 h light / 8 h dark cycles with light intensity set to 300-400 pmol photons m-2 s-1. Glasshouses were set to provide a minimum of 16 h light at 300-400 pmol photons m-2 s-1. In both cases, temperature was set to 20°C in light and 16°C in dark, and relative humidity was set to 60%. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were grown in the glasshouse set to a minimum of 16 h light at 22°C.

[0272] Cloning and construct assembly

[0273] For the generation of the transgenic wheat amyloplast reporter lines, we used a construct design that was modified from Matsushima and Hirano (2019), with the exception that a codon optimized mCherry coding sequence (rather than GFP in the original citation) was fused downstream of the OsWaxy transit peptide sequence (sequence in Table S2). This fusion sequence, flanked by attB1 and attB2 recombination sites, was synthesised as a gBIocks fragment (IDT) and recombined into the Gateway entry vector pDONR221 using Gateway BP clonase II (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The cTPmCherry coding sequence was then recombined using Gateway LR clonase II (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific) into a modified pGGG vector, pGGG_AH_Ubi_GW_NosT, encoding for a Hygromycin resistance gene driven by an actin promoter (AH), a gateway cassette for gateway recombination (GW) downstream of the Zmllbiquitin promoter (Libi) and upstream of a Nos terminator (NosT).

[0274] TaPARC6-A 1, TaARC6-A1, TaPDV1-1-A1, TaPDV1-2-A1 and TaPDV2-A1 sequences were obtained from the RefSeq 1.1 genome from Ensembl Plants. Codon optimized coding sequences of TaARC6-A1, TaPDV1-1-A 1. TaPDV1-2-A1 and TaPDV2-A1, flanked by attB1 and attB2 recombination sites, were ordered as a gBIocks fragments (IDT) (Tab. S2). These coding sequences were recombined into pDONR221 as above. A codon optimised sequence of TaPARC6-A 1, flanked by attL recombination sites and Mlul restriction sites (Tab. S2), was ordered from Genewiz in a pUC-GW-Kan vector. TaPARC6-A1 and TaARC6-A 1 were recombined into Gateway expression vectors pUBC-YFP, pB7YWG2 and pJCV52; and TaPDV1-1_A1 , TaPDV1-2_A 1 and TaPDV2_A 1 were recombined into Gateway destination vectors pK7WGF7 and pGWB555 using Gateway LR clonase II. All constructs were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

[0275] Plant transformation The Zmllbi:cTPmCherry construct was transformed into Triticum turgidum cv. Kronos using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryonic calli, as described in (Hayta et al., 2021). Lines with single insertions were selected using RT-PCR against the Hygromycin marker gene (performed by iDNA Genetics, Norwich, UK).

[0276] Nicotiana benthamiana plants were transiently transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying the respective constructs. The bacteria were grown at 28°C for 48 h. Cultures were resuspended in MMA buffer (10 mM MES pH 5.6, 10 mM MgCI2, 0.1 mM acetosyringone) at an optical density of 1.0 at 600 nm for confocal microscopy and of 0.3 (0.2 for p19) at 600nm for protein extraction and infiltrated into the abaxial side of the leaf using a syringe. Leaves were harvested for confocal microscopy and protein extraction 48-72 h after infiltration.

[0277] Grain and plant morphometries

[0278] The number of grains harvested per plant, as well as grain size traits (area, length, width, total grain weight per plant and thousand grain weight) were quantified using the MARViN seed analyser (Marvitech GmbH, Wittenburg). Grains of 3 plants per genotype (60 - 259 individual grains per plant) were analysed. The number of tillers were counted in mature plants before grain harvesting.

[0279] Gas exchange

[0280] Gas exchange measurements were made using an LI-6800P portable photosynthesis system (Li-COR) 40-46 days after germination on the fully expanded flag leaves in the glasshouse (CO2 concentration ca. 412 ppm, light intensity ca. 280 pmol m-2 s-1 , temperature ca 21 °C) as described in Watson- Lazowski et al. (2022). The responses of the CO2 assimilation rate to step increases in light intensity (AQ) were measured under constant CO2 conditions (412 ppm). AQ measurements were taken after acclimation of 60-120s at increasing light intensities (0, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000 pmol m-2 s-1). The response of the CO2 assimilation rate to step increases of intra-cellular CO2 (A / Ci) was measured at saturating light (2000 pmol m-2 s-1). The A / Ci curves measured at decreasing and increasing CO2 steps of 400, 300, 200, 100, 50, 0, 400, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ppm. Maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) were calculated from A / Ci curves using the ‘Plantecophys’ package in R by fitting the raw data to a Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry photosynthesis model (Farquhar et al., 1980; Duursma, 2015). AQ and A / Ci curves were measured consecutively. Before carrying out A / Ci curves, leaves were allowed to stabilise for 20 min at maximal light intensity (2000 pmol m-2 s-1). All measurements were taken 8-14 h after the end of the night. Starch purification granule morphology and size distribution

[0281] Starch purification, scanning electron microscopy and polarised light microscopy was was performed as described in (Hawkins et al., 2021). Briefly, for mature grains, 3 grains per sample were soaked overnight in double distilled water (ddH2O) at 4°C, then homogenized in a mortar and pestle with additional ddH2O. Developing grains were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen at harvest and stored at -80°C. Seeds were thawed immediately before endosperm dissection, and endosperms were homogenized in ddH2O using a ball mill at 30 Hz for 1.5 minutes. For large amounts of starch, mature grains were first milled into flour (Cyclone Mill Twister, Retsch). Homogenates were filtered through a 100 pm nylon mesh, centrifuged and the pellet was resuspended in 90% (v / v) Percoll, 50 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8. The suspension was centrifuged at 2500 g for 5 min and the pellet was washed twice in 50mM Tris-HCL, pH 6.8, 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (v / v), 10mM dithiothreitol (DTT). The starch pellet was washed and resuspended in ddH2O. Granule size distribution was analysed and plotted in relative volume / diameter using the Multisizer 4e Coulter counter (Beckman Coulter) fitted with a 70 pm aperture, operating on either total count mode (measuring a minimum of 50,000 particles) or volumetric mode (measuring a minimum of 1 mL starch suspension). Measurements were conducted with logarithmic bin spacing and were corrected for bin width for presentation on a linear x-axis. A and B granule diameters as well as B-granule contents were extracted by fitting log normal and normal distributions to the data.

[0282] The morphology of starch granules was examined by scanning electron microscopy, using a Nova NanoSEM 450 (FEI) scanning electron microscope and the Leica DM6000 microscope for polarised light microscopy. Images were processed using Imaged software (http: / / rsbweb.nih.gov / ij / ) and Adobe Photoshop 2020.

[0283] Total starch content, starch composition, amylopectin structure and Rapid Visco Analysis Grain starch quantification was performed as described in (Hawkins et al., 2021) using the Total Starch Assay kit (K-TSTA; Megazyme): Flour (milled in ball mill: 5-10 mg) was suspended in 20 pL 80% ethanol and incubated with 500 pL thermostable a-amylase in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5, at 99 °C for 7 min and 1400rpm. Amyloglucosidase was added and incubated at 50 °C and 1000 rpm for 35 min. Samples were centrifuged at 20.800g for 10 min and glucose content was measured in the supernatant using the hexokinase / glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) to calculate starch content in glucose equivalents. Amylopectin structure and amylose content was analysed using purified starch as described in (Chen et al., 2022a). Amylose content was determined using an iodine-binding method on starch granules dispersed in water, adapted from Washington et al., (2000). Briefly: 1 mg of purified starch (as in S3) was resuspended in 200 pL water, mixed with 200 pL 2 M NaOH solution and incubated at room temperature over night. The starch slurry was neutralised with 400 pL 1 M HCI. 5 pL of the starch suspension were diluted in 220 pL water and 25 pL Lugol solution (Sigma Life Science). Absorbance was measured at 620 nm and 535 nm and Amylose content was calculated as described in Washington et al., (2000). Amylopectin chain length distribution was quantified using High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperomatric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) on a Dionex ICS-5000-PAD fitted with a PA- 100 column (Thermo). The preparation of debranched samples was carried out as described in (Streb et al., 2008).

[0284] Rapid Visco Analysis (R A) was carried out on an RVA Tecmaster instrument (Perten) running the pre-installed general pasting method (AACC Method 76-21). Analyses were performed with 1.5 g purified starch or 5 g flour in 25 mL of water.

[0285] Microscopic analysis of plastid morphology

[0286] For the analysis of mesophyll chloroplast morphology: separation of mesophyll cells was performed according to (Pyke and Leech, 1991). Leaf segments of the leaf tip of the 3rd fully developed leaf were harvested into 10% formaldehyde solution (Sigma) in PBS (v / v) and incubated in the dark for 2 h. Formaldehyde solution was replaced by 0.1 M Na2EDTA, pH 9 and samples were incubated at 100 rpm and 60 °C for 2 h. Cells were separated by carefully knocking the coverslip during mounting. Mesophyll chloroplasts were imaged using the LSM 800 (Zeiss) or the TCS SP8X (Leica) using a 40.0 x or 63. Ox water immersion objective. Chlorophyll autofluorescence was excited using a white light laser set to 555 nm, 576 nm or 63 Onm and emission was detected at 651 nm to 750 nm using a hybrid detector or Airyscan.

[0287] For the analysis of endosperm amyloplast morphology using confocal microscopy: Developing grain of amyloplast reporter lines (see above) were harvested at 16 DAF, embedded in 4% low melting agarose and sectioned into 150 pm cross sections using the vibratome VT1000s (Leica). Images were acquired immediately after sectioning on the LSM800 using a 63.0 x oil immersion objective (Zeiss). mCherry signal was excited at 561 nm and emission was detected at 562 nm to 623 nm (605 nm).

[0288] For analysis of endosperm amyloplast morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), samples were prepared and imaged as described in (Chen et al., 2022a). Developing grain (16 DAF) were harvested into 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate, pH 7.4. Samples were post-fixed in 1% (w / v) osmium tetroxide (OsO4) in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate for 2 h at room temperature, dehydrated in ethanol and infiltrated with LR White resin (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK), using a EM TP embedding machine (Leica, Milton Keynes, UK). LR White blocks were polymerised at 60°C for 16h. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ultrathin sections (ca. 90 nm) were cut with a diamond knife and placed onto formvar and carbon coated copper grids (EM Resolutions, Sheffield, UK). The sections were stained using 2% (w / v) uranyl acetated for 1h and 1% (w / v) lead citrate for 1 min, washed in water and air dried. Sections were imaged on a Talos 200C TEM (FEI) at 200 kV and a OneView 4K x 4K camera (Gatan, Warrendale, PA, USA).

[0289] Images were processed using the ZEN software, Imaged software (rsbweb.nih.gov / ij / ) and Adobe Photoshop 2020.

[0290] Protein localisation in Nicotiana benthamiana

[0291] For localisation of fluorophore TaPARC6-YFP, TaARC6-YFP, GFP-TaPDV1-2 and GFP- TaPDV2 in Nicotiana benthamiana: Images were acquired on the Leica Stellaris 8 laser scanning confocal microscope using a 40.0 x water immersion objective. YFP signal was excited using a white light laser set to 442 nm and emission was detected at 519 nm to 560 nm. GFP signal was excited using a white light laser set to 488 nm and emission was detected at 562 nm to 623 nm. Chlorophyll autofluorescence was excited using a white light laser set to 555 nm or 576 nm and emission was detected at 651 nm to 750 nm.

[0292] Images were processed using Imaged software (rsbweb.nih.gov / ij / ) and Adobe Photoshop 2020.

[0293] Protein extraction and Immunoblotting

[0294] For the pairwise immunoprecipitation assays, two 1 cm diameter leaf discs from two Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing the tagged proteins were homogenised in extraction buffer (50mM Tris-HCL, pH8.0, 150mM NaCI, 1% v / v Triton X-100, 1x protease inhibitor cocktail, 1 mM DTT). Homogenates were spun at 20,000g, 10 mins and proteins were collected in the supernatant (Input sample). Immunoprecipitation was performed on the input sample using the pMACs GFP Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec) or the RFP-Trap Magnetic Particles (Chromotek) and pMacs Columns (Miltenyi Biotec). For immunoblotting antibodies were used in the following concentrations: 1 :5000 anti-GFP (TP401 , Torrey pines), 1 :2000 anti-RFP (ab34771 , Abeam), and 1 :5000 anti-HA (ab9110; Abeam). Bands were detected using the Anti-rabbit IgG (whole molecule)-Peroxidase (A0545, Sigma) at 1 :20000 dilution and the SuperSignal West Femto Trial Kit (Thermo Scientific). Phylogenetic analysis and gene models

[0295] PARC6, ARC6, PDV1 and PDV2 protein sequences were retrieved from Ensembl Plants and Phytozome (Goodstein et al., 2012; Yates et al., 2022). Proteins were aligned using ClustalW in MEGA7. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al., 2016) using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the JTT matrix-based model (Jones et al 1992). Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbour-Joining and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using a JTT model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value.

[0296] Gene models were taken from Ensembl Plants and domains were annotated using Interpro (Yates et al., 2022; Paysan-Lafosse et al., 2023).

[0297] Gene expression analysis

[0298] Normalised values for gene expression (in transcripts per million) in the developing endosperm of T. turgidum cv. Kronos were retrieved from Chen et al. (2022b).

[0299] EXAMPLE II

[0300] Mutation of TtPARC6 increases amyloplast size and alters starch granule morphology in durum wheat endosperm

[0301] There are numerous examples of altered granule morphology in wheat arising as a consequence of mutations in genes that affect starch polymer biosynthesis and structure (e.g., SS3 and SBE2) or affecting granule initiation patterns (SS4, BGC1 , and MRC). Here, we demonstrate that modifying amyloplast architecture in wheat by targeting components of the amyloplast division, rather than components directly involved in starch biosynthesis, can greatly alter granule morphology in the endosperm. Our durum wheat mutants defective in TtPARC6 not only had increased chloroplast size in leaves but also increased amyloplast size in developing endosperm (Fig. 2 d-h and Fig. 7 g-j). This was accompanied by increased size of both A- and B-type granules. The increases in amyloplast compartment size and accessible stromal volume in the mutant relative to the wild type may facilitate the formation of larger starch granules. Increased granule size in the mutant relative to the wild-type was noticeable at 16 DAF, shortly after the initiation of B-type granules (Fig. 5 b-d), while at 12 DAF, starch granule size in the Ttparc6 double mutant was still similar to the wild-type (Fig. 5a). It is plausible that in early endosperm development, granule size in the wild type is not yet limited by the available space in the amyloplast while at later stages, amyloplast size potentially becomes a limiting factor. In addition to the increased starch granule size, we observed that the A-type granules of the Ttparc6 double mutants had drastically altered, lobate granule morphology, compared to the smooth-surfaced disc shape in the wild-type (Fig. 4). This altered morphology manifested early during grain development (12 DAF), even when the granules of the mutant had the same volume as those of the wild type (Fig. 5 e, m). Since amylose content and amylopectin structure was not altered in the Ttparc6 mutants (Fig. 3 and 8), the aberrant size and shape of these granules cannot be caused by differences in starch polymer biosynthesis. The granules of the mutant also had similar gelatinisation properties, indicating that crystalline structure is not likely to be altered, and the disrupted maltese crosses on the A-type starch granules in polarised light could be caused by increased refraction on the lobate granule surface rather than changes in starch granule crystallinity (Fig. 4,5). The morphogenesis of wild-type A-type granules during endosperm development was studied in detail by Evers (1971), who reported that A-type granules are initially round, then a grooved annular concretion surrounds two thirds of the granule in an equatorial plane, eventually surrounding the spherical granule as a flange-like outgrowth to form the disc shaped A-type granule (Evers, 1971). It is possible that in the Ttparc6 mutants, this organised morphogenesis of A-type granule formation is at least partially disrupted. Taken together, it is likely that the enlarged stromal compartments in the Ttparc6 mutant amyloplasts not only accommodates increased starch granule size, but also influences the usually organised formation of proper A-type granule shape (Fig. 10).

[0302] The increase in stromal volume in endosperm amyloplasts also enables greater numbers of starch granule per amyloplast (Fig. 10). In the mutant, we observed many examples of amyloplasts containing multiple A-type granules, which were not observed in the wild-type (Fig. 7). Also, although the size of both A- and B-type granule size were increased in the mutant, the total number of starch granules contained per milligram purified starch was the same as the wild type (Fig. 4), which can only be explained by a large relative increase in the number of the smaller B-type granules. This increase in relative number, together with the larger size of individual B-type granules, likely contributed to the higher B-type granule content (as % volume) in Ttparc6 mutants compared to the wild-type controls (Fig. 4 m). Therefore, correct amyloplast size appears to be important for establishing the proper ratio of A and B- type granule numbers.

[0303] Previously, different models have been proposed regarding the compartmentalisation of B- type granules. It has been suggested that B-type granules were initiated and contained in amyloplast stromules, or in separate vesicle-like structures. Our analysis of the amyloplast ultrastructure in addition to live-cell imaging of amyloplasts revealed both B-type granules in amyloplast stromules, as well as those in separate vesicle-like amyloplasts at 16DAF, both in wild-type and Ttparc6 double mutants (Fig. 7). In addition, we saw B-type granules within the main compartment that contained the A-type granules in both genotypes. These features were observed both in the wild-type and mutant (Fig. 10). The occurrence of these different features in wheat supports the hypothesis that stromule formation is an intermediate state of amyloplasts containing B-type granules budding from existing amyloplasts that contain A-type granules, which was recently proposed from similar observations in barley (Matsushima and Hisano, 2019). This is also supported by early observations that in wheat endosperm, plastid protrusions tended to be short lived most B-type granules occurred individually in amyloplasts while multiple granules per plastid were observed only occasionally (Bechtel and Wilson, 2003). In the Ttparc6 mutants, the size of all starch granule-containing amyloplast compartments and therefore available stromal volume appeared to be increased relative to the wild type. This enables the formation of firstly more and secondly larger starch granules in each amyloplast compartment.

[0304] Our results therefore advance the current models of starch granule formation in wheat to include that number and size of both A- and B-type starch granules is dependent on amyloplast size and accessible stromal volume (Fig. 10). While this is most pertinent to the bimodal type of starch granules that is unique to the Triticeae, it also highlights some common concepts with other systems. In rice endosperm, various abnormal amyloplast and compound granule morphologies were observed in lines with mutations or silencing in plastid division genes (FtsZ1 , FtsZ2-1 , PDV1 , MinD, MinE, ARC5), including large, elongated, fused, pleomorphic or clustered amyloplasts Further, mutations in novel components such as SSG4 and SSG6 result in larger amyloplasts in the endosperm. However, in all cases examined, the size of individual granulae were smaller, and they were irregularly shaped. Also, the large chloroplasts in Arabidopsis plastid division mutants have increased numbers of starch granules per plastid, such that the number of granules per stromal volume remains similar to the wild-type, and granule size is unaffected. Taken together with our work, the number of granules per plastid appears to increase with stromal volume, albeit to varying degrees depending on species. We recently demonstrated that disrupting of the morphology of stromal pockets between the thylakoid membranes in which starch granules form leads to altered granule size and surface structure, which could parallel the altered morphology of the A-type granules in the Ttparc6 mutants (Fig. 4).

[0305] Another striking commonality among the species examined is that they retain their native granule initiation types (i.e., simple vs. compound) regardless of changes in plastid size. Amyloplast division mutants of rice always produced compound granules; and despite there being multiple A- and B- type starch granules per amyloplast in the wheat Ttparc6 double mutants, these granules did not fuse or form compound-type starch granules. The formation of compound or bimodal-type starch granules is thus independent from amyloplast size and starch granule number. It was proposed that the formation of compound-type starch granules in rice is potentially dependent on amyloplast sub-compartmentalisation (Yun and Kawagoe, 2010). While its nature is not fully understood, the presence of such compartmentalisation may be more important than amyloplast size for determining different granule types.

[0306] PARC6 in wheat may complement ARC6 deficiency

[0307] In Arabidopsis, lack of PARC6 causes diverse plastid morphology phenotypes among different epidermal cell types, which are different and more complex than the phenotype observed mesophyll cells, where the plastids are consistently increased in size and fewer in number (Ishikawa et al., 2020). Since Ttparc6 mutants had increased plastid size in both leaves and endosperm, PARC6 appears to be a common element in plastid division between the tissues. However, in strong contrast to the Ttparc6 double mutants, the Ttarc6 double mutant had no discernible changes in the size of leaf mesophyll chloroplasts, and also had normal starch granule size distribution in the endosperm (Fig. 11). This was surprising since in Arabidopsis, the lack of ARC6 causes very strong increases in plastid size, both in leaves and root columella cells (Glynn et al., 2008)(Robertson et al., 1995). The mutations in the Ttarc6 led to premature stop codons in the coding sequence of both A and B- homeologs, just after the transmembrane domain (Fig. 11). If these mutations do not fully knockout protein production, they would at least truncate away the C-terminal region necessary for interaction with PDV2 (Wang et al., 2017). In Arabidopsis, the deletion of this C-terminal region (like in AtARC6AIMS; Fig. S7a) led to a non-functional protein that could not rescue the plastid division phenotype of arc6 (Glynn et al., 2008). Localisation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that TaARC6 localises to the chloroplast envelope and can interact with TaPDV2, but not with either of the PDV1 paralogs in wheat (TaPDV1-1 and TaPDV1-2) (Fig. 9). In contrast, TaPARC6 could interact with TaPDV1-1 , as well as weakly with TaPDVI- 2 and TaPDV2 (Fig. 9m). It is possible that in wheat, the ability of PARC6 to interact with all PDVs allows it to compensate for a loss of ARC6 function, which could potentially explain the lack of plastid-division phenotype in Ttarc6 mutants.

[0308] However, despite the potential overlap in interactions, it is likely that TaPARC6 and TaARC6 retain distinct functions, similar to as reported in Arabidopsis. The two proteins had different localisations: TaPARC6 formed distinct puncta in chloroplasts like those reported previously for the Arabidopsis ortholog (Glynn et al., 2009; Ishikawa et al., 2020), while TaARC6 appeared to be homogenously distributed in the chloroplast envelope (Fig. 9a). Separate functions of PARC6 and ARC6 in the wheat endosperm would be supported by their different temporal patterns of gene expression: TtPARC6 expression is highest during early endosperm development (6 DPA) and lowest during late developmental stages (20 and 30 DPA). For TtARC6 however, expression in the endosperm is not only up to about tenfold higher, but also peaks at about 15 DPA, which coincides with B-type granule initiation. Diverse temporal expression patterns were also observed for TfPDV paralogs. Interestingly, while expression of TtPDV1-2-A1 and TtPDV1-2-B1 in the developing endosperm mimics the patterns of TtPARC6, expression patterns of TtPDV1-1-A 1 and TtPDV1-1-B1 were differed from each other and TtPARC6. TtPDV1-1-A1 and TtPDV2-A1 had similar expression patterns to TtARC6 (). The diverse function of these PDV paralogs in grasses may be an interesting line of future investigation. Further work is also required to determine if there are mechanistic differences in the function of PARC6 and other plastid division component between the leaves and endosperm, as well as in their regulation. For example, it was recently shown that the interaction between AtPARC6 and AtPDVI is regulated by light, through redox and magnesium. However, in endosperm amyloplasts of wheat, light is unlikely to be one of the factors promoting interaction of PARC6 and PDV1.

[0309] PARC6 is a novel gene target to modify wheat starch

[0310] Several benefits of wheat starch with large granule size can be predicted, including better milling efficiency, novel functional properties and enhanced nutritional properties. In addition, high B-type granule content is associated with better pasta quality. Thus, PARC6 can therefore be a novel genetic target for modifying starch granule size in wheat. While the feasibility of this will require further field testing, it is promising that under our growth conditions, the Ttparc6 mutant was not different in comparison to the wild-type in terms of plant growth and development, photosynthetic efficiency, grain size and yield, and starch content (Fig. 2, 3). This contrasts the rice parc6 mutant which had slight reductions in growth and grain weight (Kamau et al., 2015). Interestingly, all changes in starch granule morphology in the Ttparc6 double mutants were less severe in the single mutants, and this dosage effect can be exploited to achieve a range of different starch granule sizes.

[0311] Example III

[0312] We observed a 20-30% increase in A-type granule size in the parc6 mutant. However, this increase was not proportional to the dramatic increase in amyloplast size in this mutant, since the amyloplasts were 200%-300% times larger than those of the wild type (Figure 7). This suggested that the size of the starch granules are not limited by space in the mutant amyloplasts, and we reasoned that further increases in granule size were possible.

[0313] In the parc6 amyloplasts, we frequently observed multiple A-type granules, as well as a large accumulation of B-type starch granules mutant. The multiple starch granules that accumulate in each amyloplast could limit starch granule growth, since they compete for space and substrates. Therefore, we reasoned that combining mutations that reduce the number of starch granules with the parc6 mutation may further increase the size of starch granules.

[0314] In summary, we have identified that a combination of a mutation that reduces the number of starch granules can be combined with a mutation that increases amyloplast size to produce an augmented effect on starch granule size.

[0315] As proof-of-concept, we generated a parc6 bgc1-1 double mutant by crossing the parc6 mutant with bgc1-1. The bgc1-1 mutant in the Kronos cultivar is obtained from Chia et al. (2020), and has a specific reduction in the number of B-type granules. We first examined the morphology of the double mutant using scanning electron microscopy (Figure 13). This revealed a large increase in starch granule size, including the presence of A-type granules that were greater than double the size of the wild type. We then measured the starch granule size distribution using the Coulter counter. Granules of the parc6 bgc1-1 double mutant had a highly altered size distribution compared to the parc6 single mutant (Figure 14). The A-type granules were much larger than those of the WT, with a substantial portion of granules exceeding the quantification limit of 42 pm. As expected, the double mutant had a less prominent B-type granule peak compared to parc6.

[0316] We fitted curves to the Coulter counter traces to quantify the mean size of A- and B-type granules, as well as B-type granule content (Figure 15). The average A-type granule size was 20.5, 24.7 and 29.0 pm in WT, parc6 and parc6 bgc1 respectively. The B-type granules in the double mutant were also substantially larger than those of the WT. However, total B-type granule content was much less in the double mutant compared to the WT. We also combined the bgc1-1 mutant with the mutation in the A-homeolog of parc6, leaving the B-homeolog intact [named parc6(A) or parc6(sgl)]. This results in a reduction, but not elimination of parc6 function. This resulted in an intermediate increase in A-type granule size (26.7 pm) that was between that of parc6 bgc1 and parc6.

[0317] Finally, we quantified the thousand grain weight from the parc6 bgc1 mutant (Figure 16). In all combination of mutants, we observed no change in the thousand grain weight, indicating that grain weight was not affected by the introducing both mutations. Overall, we demonstrate the interplay between amyloplast size and granule number in determining the overall size of the starch granules, and how both factors can be manipulated to achieve further variation in starch granule size.

[0318] SEQUENCE LISTING

[0319] Triticum aestivum (T a)

[0320] SEQ ID NO: 1. TaPARC6-A1 Amino acid. Position of mutation in Kronos1269 in bold.

[0321] MAMPTPAAALLHPSSAVXVAAPSPSTSSSARRSAPSSSSSSARRGGNASAGRGAAVRPRAGAAAPV TAAAAAEGCGRQEPPAAPAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQALLL DVRDKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRTDSKPYAH

[0322] DVLLAMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEVLSL PRTPENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTRKN KKSLESQSQRVWDFNCFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFLLG EESGATVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSRFADTRDCPPSLV NFFAAPKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTPSSASTCNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLGG

[0323] QGSTDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGLALFGTLKLLRFQFGNTK PAPSTRESAATSSLNEASPSEGSFISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLNNRVHLRSERSDLSPGSSDVAAIAR KERMSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVLLNL SVVRAEILLDEAGDGEVAEINAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYSLRRQDDGSWKICEAAVR DLS

[0324] SEQ ID NO: 2. TaPARC6-A1 CDS. Position of mutation in Kronos1269 in bold; mutation on reverse strand.

[0325] ATGGCCATGCCCACGCCGGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCNNNGTCGCCGC CCCGTCCCCCTCCACCTCTTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCGCG CGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCTGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCCCGAGGGTCGCGGGGG CCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGCCCCCCGC CGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGA GAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACAC GGAGGAGGTGTCTACTTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAA CAGGAGTACGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGA GCTGGTTACCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACAT TGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGTACTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGG CACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAG GCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGA GCAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCC GTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGGGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACA GGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGG ACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTTGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAA ACAAAAAATCGCTGGAGTCTCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGC AATGCTTGCACACCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAA CCATCTGCGAGTGCCTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCT TTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGG AAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAGAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCA ACCAATCACTGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAAGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGT CCGCCGTCCTTGGTCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACT AGGAGCCACGAGAAGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGCCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACATGCAACAGA ACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCT TGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAGGGATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAGTACAACA TCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGA CTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGCTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTA AAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACGAGAGAATCTGCAGCTAC ATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTCCGTCAGAAGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTAAGGGAACAGT TTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAATAGGGTCCATTTGAGAAGTGAAAGAAGTGAT CTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGC AGAGGCACTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATCG ATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGTGGCAAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCA AAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCT GCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAGTTGCGGAAATCAATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGA GCTTGTTGATGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAAGCCTAGTTACTACAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACTCAC TGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGGATCTTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGA

[0326] SEQ ID NO: 3. TaPARC6-A1 Genomic DNA.

[0327] ATGGCCATGCCCACGCCGGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCCC TCCACCTCTTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCGCGCGGCGCGGC GGCAATGCCTCCGCTGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCCCGAGGGTCGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGC CGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGCCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGC CGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGAGCCCGTCCGTCCAGGCCCTCCTCCGCTCCAG AGTTCGAATTCCCCGGAAATGCGGGCCCCGCCGTTGCAGCCGCGCCGCGCCGCGTCGGCCGC TCGATCCGCCGACGCCGTTACGGGCGAGCTGGCTGTGGGTTTCGTCGTCAAAATTCAACGCCCT CGCATCGCATCCGCTGGAAACTGAATTCGCGCTGCAGTTTCTTCCACACACTTGAATTGGACTGT ACCGCCGCGGCGGACGGGTTCCGAGATTTCGTAGTTTTCTCCAGCCCGAAAGCGGCTGGATCA TGTCGTCTTCCATTTTATGACGCATCCGTCCAATTGGCCGTGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGA AGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACG GGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCTACTTGCAGACAGGTCGCTTACTGAATTCTGAAATTGCGAGAATA CTGTTTTGCTCGGAATCATACGCAGCCAGCACCTCGGTGTTTAACGTTGTGCGGTTTGTTGATGC TCTGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAACAGGAGTACGCAGGAAG CACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTACCTGCTGCC TTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGTTGCATAAACACCTTCCAGTCAAAAGATTCATGTGTACAA ATGGAGGGCAGTTAGCAAGTTTGGTCCGTTTAAAACATAATCTAGGCCTTTCATCTATATTGGACA GGATAGTCACTATCATGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTCACTGAAACAGCAAATATTTAGTTGAA CATTGACAGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTTCTATCAAGGCGGTTTGAAAAGTTACAGGGTGTTTTAAGATTTA TCTGTGCTTTCTTGAAAGACTAGTAAAATAAAACAGTATTATGACAAATCCATGGTCAATATATATA GTATTGTTGTAAGGGGCATGTAGAAATTGAATTATGCCCATCTTTGGAATAGGTTACTGAAATGTT AGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTATTATAAGGAACATGTAGATACTGAATGTTGCCCATCTTTTGGACTA GGTAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATATGATCGATGATCACTTGGATGTTTGAGAGATTTAAGGGCTCA ATCATGGAGAATCCTAGTAGCCTCTGTTCAATACAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATAACCATGTACT GAAATGTTTCACATCTGTATCCCATGGGATAGTCAATATAATGGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTT TAGCAAAACAGGAAATATTTGGTTGAACACCGACTGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTCTCATCGAGGCGGTTT GAGAAGTTACATGCTGTTTAAGATTTATCTATGCTTTCTTCAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTG AATATATGTAGTATTATTGCAGGAGCATATAGAAATTCAATTACACCCGTCTTTCGGACTAGGTAG GTGTAAAATACTTAAATGTGATTGATGATCTGTTTGATGTTTATGAGATTTAAAGGCTCAAGCATG GAGAGTCCTTAGTAGCCTCCGTTCATCAGAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATCATCTTGTACTGCCTT GTTTGTTTATTGCCAGTGTAAGATACCACATGCCAGTATTGTTTTCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCT GGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGTACTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTAC TTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCATGATTAAAGTGAAAAAGCTGCTTGGTAC AGTGTTTATTATGTACATCTTTGGCAATTTGGAATAATTCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTG CAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATC TTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTC ACCTTACAGATTCGTCCATGTATGAAATCATGTCATAACTTCTCTTGTTGTGTGAACTAGATTGAA GAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGA AAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGGGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGAT GTTGAGTCATCATGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATT AGCCACTGAAATTGTTGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATC GCTGGAGTCTCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCA CACCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGGTACCTTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTC TACTTGTAGCCTATAGGAACCACACTATCCTGTTTGCTGCTTTTCCATTTTTTAATTTACATTACCT CTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAGTGCCTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTG AAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCTTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGATAGGCTAATCTCAATTTCTATAAA TTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACATTACTAGGACTAAAGGCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAG TTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTA AGAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAATCACTGGTATGTTACATCTTGGATGAG AGCAAATAAGTTGTACTATGCTAGATTAGTAGGTGGCATATTTGTCTGAAGTTTTTAGTGTGCCTA TGGTCAGTTCAAATTTTCTCATGCTGGTCAACTTGTGTTTACCAGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAAGT GGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCGTCCTTGGTTCGTGCCATGCTATTTT TAGTAATTGAATCCCTCGTAACATTCTCTGTGGATTAATTTAACTATCAATATCATCTTATGACAGG TCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGA AGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGCCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACATGCAACAGAACTTCAGGACAGCA GAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCC TGGGGGGCCAGGGATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAA GCGCAATCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATA GGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGCTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCTCAGGTT TCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACGAGAGAATCTGCAGCTACATCTTCTCTGAATG AAGCATCTCCGTCAGAAGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTAAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCA AAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAATAGGGTCCATTTGAGAAGTGAAAGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTC TAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAGGCACTTGTG AAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGA GGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGGTAAGTTCCTTTTATCAAGCACGTAGTAGCATATATG GAGTTCATGTATAATTGTGCATGCGGAGCATAATCAAAACAAATACCCTCTTGTTGAGCAGTGGC AAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCT GTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAGTTGCGGAAATCAATGCT GTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGATGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAAGCCTAGTTACTACAGGT ACTTCAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTGTATCTTTCTCATTCTGCTCCGGAGTAACATAGCACTGACAAT TTGTATGGTTATACTTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACTCACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGGATC TTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGATTTCTGCCAGAAGGATGGCTAATG

[0328] CATCATCTCATAGGACGCTGGGCCATGTTATAAACAAAGTTCCAACATATTAGAAATTTGTAGGTC GCTAGTATTAGGTCACCATTGAACCAATTCGAATGCACGAAACCGTTCGATGATCTGCGTTGGGA TGCTCTAGCTGCTAGTGGTGACTTTGCATCAGGATTTGACACAATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTT AGTACAGAATGCTAACTTCTTCTGATTTCACATACCCTTCATTTTTTTGCGCTTACATTGTTAGTTT GCGATATGCTGTTGGGCCTTGGGTGCCCCGCGCGGTGTAGCTGAATTGTGTCAGCCATTGTTCA TTGTTGAAAGATCAATGCAGTTTGCTTCATTTCGCCTC

[0329] SEQ ID NO: 4 TaPARC6-A1 promoter (-2kb upstream of ATG)

[0330] TCAGGTTGCTGGGAGCTGCTGAGTGCCCCCTTCTCTTTACTAAGGTGTGTGTGGCCATGGAGTT CATGCATCAGCTGTTCACAGGATGCCAACGACTTACGGCTACCACTGACATTATTCCGCGACAGT TGCTATCCATACCATACAGCAGGAACTGAATTATCCACCGCAGCAAAACTAGAACTGCGAGCGC CGTGTGGTTTGGTGTCTCTGCGATTCTCAACTAAACGAACACGACGAGGCCGGGCGGCAGCGC GTACCTCGGAGGCCCAGTCGACGACGGGGGCGACGAGGCGGCAGGGCCCGCACCAGTCGGC GACGAAGTCGACGAGCACGGGCAGGTCCGACTGCATGACCTCCGCCTCGAACTCGCCCTCCCC

[0331] GACCAGCTTCACCGCCCCGCGGCACCGGACGCGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCGGGCGCGCGGCAG AGGAGGGGCCCCGCTGCCCGAGGGAGCGCGACGGCGAAAGGGAGCCGGCGGGAGGAGGAGA AGGAGAGGGGCGAGCGGAGGGGCGGAGGGGGCGCGAGCGTGGACGCGGTGGTGCTCGGCG CGGATGCCATGGGGGTGGGGGGAGGGGGGAGAGCTGCACGATGCCGATGAGGCGGGGCGGG TAGGAGGAATCTTCTGGAAGGTGCCACCTGGCCACCGGTTTGTGCGACGAGCGGGTTCGTTTCT GGTCGTGAGGCCCACGGCTTTCGGGGCCTCGGCCTGGTTTATCCAACGCGCAAAATTTGTGTG

[0332] GCCCATGTATAATAACACGCACCCCTAAAACAAAATGTATAATACGTACGTAACACGCAGTGAGG GTTCTGGAGGAAAAAAAAACTCGGCCAGAAGAGGACCGTTGGGTGGGTCATTGTCTCTCTTCTC CTCCTCGTCTCTGATATGATCAGACCAAGAGGGTAACTGTCACGACCCTGTTTGCCCGCTCTACC CAATCTTCTTCATTATCCATAGGCCACAACTCTCTTTTTCACGACACACCTCAAAAGGCACGCGTA GAGGCGCAGAAGGGTGGGCTATGAGCCTATGAGGCAAAATAGGAGTTGTGTGTGGGCTATATA GCACAATGCTCAGTTGTATCAACATGGGGTTGCGAGAACCACTGACCTCACGCCCATCATGAGA

[0333] TCCGCAGATCGTGTTGGCGTCCGACGTTTTTCAAGAAATTGACCATTAAAGGAGCAAAGCGCGT GCCTCTCTTCAGTTGAGAAATTTGTCTCGTGAAGCAATGGACGCGCATGATGTTGTTCTGATGGC TTTCAAGATGGGCTTGAGCCCCATTATTGTATAGAGGCACGCCGTAAAAGTGGGTGGCCATGAA ACCCGACAAACATGAGCGCTCGAAAGTTCCATATATCTGTCCGGGTCAAAGCGGAATTTCGTAGA ATGTTTCTCTTGGTCATGTGGGGGCGGGAAGCTAATATGAGGTGGCCCACATATGTGCAAAATAA GCTACCAAGAGTAGGAGAAAATGTGTTTGGCTTAATTTTCCCTGGCAAATTGTCAATACGGTTTC

[0334] CCCTCAGCAAATAAAAATAAGAAGTGTCAATACGATTGTGTTCGTGATTCGAAAAAAACGACTGA GCAGCAAGAACACACGAAATTAAAGGGAAAAAAGTGTTCCCGCAAAAAAAAAAGAAATTAAAGGG AAAGCGGGGTGTCGTTTTCACATGAAAGCAAATGAATCCGGATGGGCCACGCGTCAGCGGCTG GCGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTCTTACGAAAGCACTGCACCGCGTCTACCGACCAGCTGGTGAACCA GGTCCACGCAACAGATAGAAGCAACAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCTTGG CCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCATCCATCCCCCTTTATTCTTCCCCCCAAAA

[0335] CCCCCCCACCCTCCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCCGGCCGGCTAGGGCTCCCC TCCCCACCCCCTCCCTCCTCGGCACGCCATGGCC

[0336] SEQ ID NO: 5. TaPARC6-B1 Amino acid. Position of Kronos2369 mutation (Gln456STOP).

[0337] MAMPTPAAALLHPSSAVAAPSPSTSSSARRGAPSSSSSSSSARRGGNASAGNAAGARRGAAVRAR VAGAAAPVTAASAAEGRGRQEAPAAPAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEV SACRQALLLDVRDKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRR PDSKPYAHDVLLAMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALACAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAP ACTLEVLSLPRTPENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSW DSLATTRKNKKSLESQSQRWVDFNCFYRAMLAHLATGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFE

[0338] ESFCSFLLGEESGATVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSRFADT RDCPPSLVNFFAAPKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTSPSASACNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQ LAPTTLGGQGHSSTDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGFALFGTLK LVRFQFGNTKPASSTRESAVTSSLNEASLSEGSFISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLSNRLHSRGERSDLSP GSGDVAAIARKERMSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQS CYWRFVLLNLSWRAEILLDEAGDGEVAEIDAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYTLRRQDDRS WKICEAAVRDLS

[0339] SEQ ID NO: 6. TaPARC6-B1 CDS. Position of Kronos2369 position bold, mutation on reverse strand.

[0340] ATGGCCATGCCCACGCCGGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGCCCCGTC CCCCTCCACCTCCTCTTCGGCGCGGCGCGGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCGGC GCGGCGGGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCAGGCAACGCGGCGGGCGCGCGGCGAGGGGCGGCGGT GCGCGCGAGGGTCGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGTCTGCGGCCGAGGGGCG CGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGATCC TGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGT CGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCCGCCTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGAC GTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAACAGGAGTACGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCC AGGTCCTCTCTCCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTG GGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGTCCTGATTCTAAGCCATA TGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAA

[0341] AAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCATGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCAT CTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGAGCAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGC ACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAGCGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTG CAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGCCTTGATGTTGAGTCATCTTGTAGAGTTCATGATTGG CCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTG GGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGCTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTA GTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCAACTGGATTTTCAACTCGGCA GACTGAGTTGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAATGCCTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACC TGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAA AGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGAAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAA GACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTT

[0342] CTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGGTCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGC CTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGT CTCCTAGTGCCTCCGCATGCAACAGAACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGC CATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAGGGCCATTCATCA ACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCCGGATCCCA TCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACT GCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTGAAACTGGTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAA ACCTGCCTCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTGCAGTCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTTTGTCAGAAG GTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCGAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGC AATAGGCTCCATTCGAGAGGCGAAAGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTGGTGATGTGGCTGCTA TAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATAT

[0343] CAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCG ATGCTGTCAAAGTGGCAGGACCTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGT CCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAGTG GCCGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCCGAGCTCGTTGATGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAAGC CGAGTTACTACAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACACACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACCGATCGTGGAA AATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGA

[0344] SEQ ID NO: 7. TaPARC6-B1 genomic DNA.

[0345] GCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCGGGCCGGCTAGGGCTCCCCTCCCCCCACCCCCC ACCCCACGCCCCACGCGCTCCCTCCCCGGCCATGGCCATGCCCACGCCGGCCGCGGCGCTGC TCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCCCTCCACCTCCTCTTCGGCGCGGCGCGGTG CCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCGGCGCGGCGGGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCAGGCAACG CGGCGGGCGCGCGGCGAGGGGCGGCGGTGCGCGCGAGGGTCGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGG TGACCGCGGCGTCTGCGGCCGAGGGGCGCGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGT CGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGAGCCCGTCTGGCCCGAGTTCGAATTCCCCGGAAAT GCCGGCCCCGCCGCCGCCGCGCCGCGCCGGTCGCTCGATCCGCTCATGCCGTTACGGGCGAA CTAGCTGTTGATTTTACGGTCAAAATTCAACGCCCCCGCATCCGTTGGAAACTGAATTCGCGCAT GCAGTTTCTTCCGCACGCCTCCCTCGCTTTGGCTTGGACTCTACTGCCGCCGCGGATGGGTTCC GAGAGTTCCTAATTCTCCAGCCCAAAAGCGGCTGGATCATCTGTCCTGACGCATCTGTCCAAATG

[0346] ACCGTGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATC GAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCCGCCTGCAGACAGGTT GCTCATTCGGTTCAGCAATTGCGTGGGTGCAGTTTTGCTCGCACCTCGGTGTTTAACGCTGTGC GGCTTGTTTGGTTTTCTGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAACAG GAGTACGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGGTCCTCTCTCCATATACCCTGGAGC TGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGCTGCATGAACCCCCTCTTCTGGT CAAAAGATTCATGTGTACAAATGAAGGGCAGTTATCAAGTTTGGTCCATTCAAACTTGGTTTAGGC CTTTCACATCTGTATCGCATGGGATAGTCAATGTCATGGGTGTGTCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTCACC AGAACATCACAATATTTAGTTGAACATTGACAGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTTCTATCAAGGCGGTTTAAAA AGTTACAGGGTGTTTTAAGATTTATCTGTGCTTTCTTGAAAGACTAATAAAATAAAACACTATTATG CAAACTCCATGGTCAATATCTATACTTTTATTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGAAATTGAATTATGCCCATC TTTGGACTAGGTTACTGAAATGTTGGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTATTATAAAGAGCATGTAGATACT GAATAATCTCCATCCCTTGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATGTATGTCAATATCTGTAGTA TTTATTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGATACTGAATATAATGCCCATCTTTTGGACTAGATAGGTGTGAAAT ACTGAAATGTGATCGATGATCACTTTGATGTTTTAAGGGCTCAAGCATGGAGAATCCTAGTAGCC TCTGTTCGACACAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATAACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACATCTGTATCA CATGGGATAGTCAATATCATGGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGATTAGCAGAACAGGAAATATTTA GTTGAACATCGACTGTGTTTCTTATTTTTCTTATGGAGGCAGTTTGAAAAGTTGCAGGCTGTTTCA GATTTATCTATGCCTTCTTGAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTGAATATCTGTAGTATTATTGTA AGGAGCATATATAATTCAATTATACCCATCTTTCGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATTCTTAAATGTGA TTGATGATCAGTTTGCTGTTTGTGAGATTTAAAGTCTCAAGCATGGAGAGTCCTAGTGGTCTATGT TCTTTACTGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATCATCATGTACTGGCTTGTTTGTTTATTGCCAGTGTATGA TACCACATGCCAGTATTGTTTGCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCA GCTCTACGACGTCCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGA AGTAAGTACTATGCATGATTAAAGTGATAAAAGCTGCTTGGTACAGTGTTTATTATGTACATCTTT GGCAATTTGGAATAATTCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAA GTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCATGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTT TAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCACCTTACAGATTCGTCCATGT ATGAAATCATGGCATAACTTCTCTTGCTGGATGAACTAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCA CCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAGCGCAGGCGAG GTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGCCTTGATGTTGAGTCATCTTGTAGAGTT CATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACT ACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGCTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGC GGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCAACTGGATTTTCA ACTCGGCAGACTGAGTTGGTACCTTTTTTCTTCTTCTACTTGTAGCCTATAGGAACCAAACTATCC TGTTTGCTGCTTTTCCATTCTTTAATTTACATTACCTCTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCT

[0347] GCGAATGCCTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCGTTTCTT CTTGGAGAGGTGATAAGCTAATTTCAATTTCTATAAATTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACATTACTAG GACTAAAGGCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGT AATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGAAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTAC TGTCAACCAGTCACTGGTATGTTGCATCTTGCGATGAGAGCAAATAAGTTGTACTATGCTACTCC CTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGACGTTTTTGCAGTTCAATTAGAACAAACAAGTTGTAGTATGCTACTC CATCTGTTCCTGAATATAAGACATTTTTGCAGTTCAAAATGAAGGATATATTTGTCTGAAGTTATTA CTGTGCCTATGTTCTGTGGACACTATCTCATGCTTGACAGCTTGTCTTTACCAGGAACTGTGGCT GAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGGTATGCGCC ATGCTATTTTCAGTAATTGAATCCCAAATAACATTCTCTGTGGGTTAATTTAACTATCAATGTCATC TTATGACAGGTCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACTAGG AGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTCCTAGTGCCTCCGCATGCAACAGAACT TCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTG CACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAGGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAGTAC AACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCCGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGC CTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCCTATTTGGTAC ATTGAAACTGGTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCTCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTGCAG TCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTTTGTCAGAAGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTTAGGGAAC AGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCGAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGCAATAGGCTCCATTCGAGAGGCGAAAGAAG TGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTGGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAG AAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGA AATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGGTAAGTTCCTTTTATCAAG CACGTAATGGCACATGTAGTTCATGCATGATTGTGTATATGCCGTGCATAATCAAATCAAATACCC TCTTGTCGAGCAGTGGCAGGACCTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTT GTCCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAG TGGCCGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCCGAGCTCGTTGATGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAA GCCGAGTTACTACAGGTACTTTAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTCGATCGCTCTTTCTAATTCTGCTCTG GAATGACTGACAATTTGTTACTGTTATATACTTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACACACTGAGGA GGCAGGACGACCGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGATTTCTGC CAGAAGGACACGGGGCCATGTTCAAACAAAGTTCCAGCACATTAGATATCTGTAGGTCAATAGTA TTAGGTCAGCATTGAACCAATTCGAATGCACGAAACCGTTCGATGATCTGCGTTGGGATGCTCGT

[0348] GGTGACTTTGCATCAGGACTTGACACAATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTTGGTACAGAATGCTAGC TAACCTCTGCTGATTTCACATACCCTTCATTTTTTTTTGCGCTTATACGTTGTTAGTTTGCGACATG TTGTCGGCCCTTGGGGTGCCCTGAGCGCTGTAGCTGAATTGTGTCAGCCATTGTTCATTGATGA AAGATCAATGCAGTTTGCTTCATTTCGCTCCCTTTGTTTTGAGTTTTCACCATAGGCTTCATGAAT

[0349] GATGAT

[0350] SEQ ID NO: 8. TaPARC6-B1 promoter (-2kb upstream of ATG).

[0351] TAATGAGAACAAAAAGAGAAACGAACAAGGGAAAGAGGGAACCCACGAAGGCAACCAGTAGGG AACGACGATATCGCCAAGGGGGAAGCACGCTCGACGCTAGAGAAGGACCGCCGTAAGAGCAGG CAACAAGCGCGGCGGCCGGAACAGCTGCCGCCGTAACCACGACACAAGAGCAGCGGCGGCGG CGGACGGAGACGACGGCAAAGAATGAACAGTGCGCGACGAGGGAACGCCCACAACAGAGAGA

[0352] AACAGATCTCAAAACAGATCAAGAGGTATTACAAAACATTAGAAGTATAAGGACTAAAGTGAAAAA AAGAAAAACCACAAAGGGAAACCGGAAACTGGAATTCACGGGAGAAGCCGTGCGCGCGCCAAG TGTCACGCGTGGAGCGCATCGGAAAAGTCTCAGGAGCGCTCCGCGCGTGACACTTGGCGGGCG AGGAGCGCTCCCCGACTAATCGTTGCGGGGGCGCTCCCCGACTAATCGTTGCGGGGAGCGCTC

[0353] CTCAATTAGTGATTTCGAGGAAGGAAGCCCAGCGTGTGAGCTTTGCTTAGGCTTAGTGGGCCTT GAAGCCTTTTAGTCACACCATAAATCTCAATAGTGTTATCACTAGGCTCTCCTCTTTGACCATCCC CCAATTGCTGCTCTTCTCCTTCTCTTGGTCCTCGTCACGTCGATTGCTCATCATGGCGTCATCTG CAAGTCATTCATCTCTGCTCCATACATGTAGATAATTGTTATAATTTTCGGATTAATTCTGGAGTTG

[0354] TATTTTATTATCAACTGTCAGCACATTAATTGCCTCCATGCAGTGAAATTTATTATCTACTCTAAAT GAATATGCATAAATGTTGAAGAAATAAATTGCAGAAATAAGAATAGCATTTGTACTTATGTCTGCA TGCATCATTGATTGATGCAGAGGCCTGGGGTTTTCCTCCTTTTCAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAGATAG CATTTGTACTTGGATTTCATCACATGCCACTTTCAGTGAAACTGTGGACATTTATGAAAAAGACAC

[0355] AAGAGCTTTTCGCTCAAAGTCCTCTAATCACTGCTACAGTTTAAGATAAGGGATTTCTCAACATTT TTAGTTAAACCCAGTCCCAATGTTCTGTAAGCGTAATAGCTTGTGTCATACAGTTGCCGCTATGAT AATGGAAAGTACTGATAAAATAGTTGTGGCTCAGAAGCGTCTGAAGCAAATCGCACGTAGAAGTC GGCCATATTATTAGATTCTTGCAGCCAAATATGGATGTGTTGGGGAAGAGGAACAGTAAAAAAGA

[0356] AAATCTTTGTTGCAAGATCTTTATTTTTGAGCTCTGATTCGAATTAACTTGGATCCTGAAATATTTT TAAACACATATATACTTACTACTCTCTCTGTCCCATAATATAAGGCTCTTGTATTATGGGACGGAG GGAGTACTATATAGCTTCACACTTGACTTGGGTTCACGCAAGAAGTCTGAAAGATTCAGAGCTAA CGTTCAGCTCTGATTCAAATTCAGAGTTCGGAGTACAAAATTTACGTGCCACTTGCTGTTTACATG

[0357] CAGGCCACAGGTCATGCCGGGGCGGGAAGCTAATATGAGGCGGCCCACATAGTATGCAAAATA AGCCACCGAGCGAGAGTAGAAGAAAATGTCTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTCCCTGGCAAATTGTCAATA CGATTTCCCCTCAGCAAATAAAAACAAAAACTGTCAATACGATTGTGTTCGTTTTCACATGAAAGC AAAATGAACTCGGATGGGCCACGCGTCAGCGGCCGGCGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTGCCATCAAAG

[0358] CACTGAAACCTCGTCTACCAACCAGCTCGTGAACCAGGTCCACGCAGCAGACAGAAACAACAAA GCAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCGC TGACGCTTTCTCCATCCACCCCCCTTTATTCTCCCCCCCCCAAAACCCCCCACCCTCCGCGCATG GAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCGGGCCGGCTAGGGCTCCCCTCCCCCCACCCCCCACCCCAC

[0359] GCCCCACGCGCTCCCTCCCCGGCC

[0360] SEQ ID NO: 9. TaPARC6-D1 amino acid.

[0361] MPTAAAALLHPSSAVAVAVAVAAPSPSTSSSARRSAPSSSSARRGGNASAGRGAAVRARVAGAAAP

[0362] VTAAAAEGCGRQEPHSAPAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQALL LDVRDKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRADSKPYV HDVLLAMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEVL SLPRTPENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTR

[0363] KNKKSLESQSQRVVVDFDCFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTDLISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFL LGEESGATVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSRFADTRDCPPS LANFFAAPKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTSPSANTCNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLG GQGHSSTDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGVALFGTLKLLRFQF

[0364] GNTKPAPSTRESAATSSLNEASTSDGSFISIRVREQFEKLSKMLWLNNRLHSRSERSDLSPGSSDVA AIARKERMSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVL LNLSVVRAEILLDEAGDGEVAEIDAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYTLRRQDDRSWKICEAA VRDLS SEQ ID NO: 10. TaPARC6-D1 CDS

[0365] ATGCCCACGGCGGCCGCCGCGCTACTCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGTCGCCGTCGCCGT

[0366] CGCCGCCCCGTCCCCCTCCACCTCTTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCGGC

[0367] GCGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCCGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCGCGAGGGTCGCGGG

[0368] GGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGAGGGCTGCGGCAGGCAGGAGCCCCACTCG

[0369] GCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGA

[0370] GAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACAC

[0371] GGAGGAGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGA

[0372] ACAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGG

[0373] AGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACA

[0374] TTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTTCGGCGCGCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGTTCATGATGTACTTCTTGCAATG

[0375] GCACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGA

[0376] GGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTG

[0377] AGCAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCC

[0378] CGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACA

[0379] GGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGG

[0380] ACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAA

[0381] ACAAAAAATCGTTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTTGACTGCTTCTACAGGGC

[0382] AATGCTTGCACACCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGACTTGATAAGTAAAGCCAAAA

[0383] CCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAGTCTTTTTGCTCG

[0384] TTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGG

[0385] AAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCA

[0386] ACCAGTCACTGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGT

[0387] CCGCCATCCTTGGCCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACT

[0388] GGGAGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTCCTAGTGCCAACACATGCAACAGA

[0389] ACTTCAGGGCAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGC

[0390] TTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAAGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTAAATGGTTTAAG

[0391] TACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGG

[0392] GCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGGTTGCCCTATTTGG

[0393] TACATTAAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGTAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTG

[0394] CAGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTACATCAGACGGTTCTTTCATCAGTATCAGAGTTAGG

[0395] GAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAACAGGCTCCATTCGAGAAGTGAAAG

[0396] AAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTC

[0397] AAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTA

[0398] TGAAATTGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGATGGTTCGATGCTCTCAAAGTGGCAGGACTTGGCTT

[0399] TATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCC

[0400] GAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGATGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTTCTCGAGGAA

[0401] GCTGCTGAGCTCGTTGATGACTCCCAGCCCAAGAAGCCCAGTTATTACAGTACCTATGAAGTTCA GTACACGCTGAGGAGGCAGGATGACCGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCT GTCATGA

[0402] SEQ ID NO: 11. TaPARC6-D1 genomic DNA.

[0403] CGGCCATGGCCATGCCCACGGCGGCCGCCGCGCTACTCCACCCCTCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGTC

[0404] GCCGTCGCCGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCCCTCCACCTCTTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCC

[0405] TCCTCCTCGGCGCGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCCGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCGCGA

[0406] GGGTCGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGAGGGCTGCGGCAGGCAGG

[0407] AGCCCCACTCGGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGAGCCCGTCCGTCC

[0408] CGGCCCTAATCCGCCCCCGACTTCGACGAATTCCCCGGAAATGCGGGCCCTGCCGTTGCCGCC

[0409] GCGCCGCTCCGCGTCGGTCGCTCGATCCGCTGCCGCGGTTACGGGCGAGCTGGCTGTGGGTT

[0410] TCATCGTCAAAATTCAACGCCCTCGCATCCGTTGGAAACTGAATTTCGCTTTGGTTTGGACTGTA

[0411] CTGCCGCCGCGGACGGGTTCCGAGATTTCGTAGTTTTCTCCAGCCCAAAGGCGGCTGGATCATG

[0412] TCGTCTTCCAGTTTATGACGCGTCCGTCCAATTGACCGTGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAG

[0413] GCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGG

[0414] TACACGGAGGAGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGTTGCTCATTCAGTTCAGAAATTACGTGAACACA

[0415] GTTTTTCTCGGAATCATATGCAGCCCGCCCCAAGGTGTTTAACGTTGTGCTGCTTGTTGGTCTGT

[0416] TGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAACAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCA

[0417] CCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTT GTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGTCACATAAACACCTCCCAGTCAAAAGATTCCTATGTGCAAA

[0418] TGAAGGGCAGTTGTCAGTTTTGGTCCGTTTAAACTTGGTTTAGGCCTTTCACATCTGTATCGCAT GGGATAGTCAATGTCATGGGTGTGTCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTCACCAAAACAGCACAATATTTAGT TGAACATTGACAGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTCCTATGTAGGCAGTTTGAAAAGTTACAGGCTGTTAATGT TAAAAAAAAGTACATGGTATTTTAAGATTTGTCTGTGTTTCTTGAAAGGCTAATAATTAAAACAGTA TTATGACAACTCCATGGCCAATATCTACAGTGTTATTGCAAGGAACATGTAGAAATTAAACCATGC CCATCTTTGTACTAGGTAAGTGTAAAATACTGAAATGTATGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTTGTAGTAAG GAGCATGTAGATACTGAATAATGCCCATCTTTTGGACTAGATAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATGTGAT CGATGATCACTTTGATGTTTTAAGGGCTCAAGCATGGAGAATCCTAGTAGCCTCTGTTTAATACA GTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATGACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACATCTGTATCACATGGGATAGTCA ATATCATGGGCATGCCCTGTTTCTCTGAAGTTTACCTAAGCAGGAAATATTTAGTTGAACATTGAC TGTGTTTCTTATTTTTCTTATCGCGGCAGTTTGAAAAGTTACAGGCTGTTTAAGGTTTATCTGTGCT TTCTTGAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTGAATATCTGTAGTATTATTGTGTAAGGAGCATATAA AATTCAGTTATACCCATCTTTCGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATACTTAAATGTGATTGATGATCAGT TTGATGTTTGTGATATTTAAAGGATCAAGCATGGAGGATCCTGCTAGCCTCTGTTCATCACAGTTG AATGTGCTTCTTATCATCATGTACTGGCTTGTTTGTTTATTGCCAGTGTAAGATACCAATGCCCGT AATGTTTGCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTTCGGCGCGC TGATTCTAAGCCATATGTTCATGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCA TGATTAAAGTGAAAAAAGCCGCTTGCTACAATGTTTATTATGTACATCTTTGGCAATTTGGAATAAT TCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGG CTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCC TTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCACCTTACAGATTTGTCCATGTATGAAATCATGTCATA ACTTCTCTTGTTGGGTGAACTAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTA GAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTC TCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATT TCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCT TTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGTTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTT TGACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGACT TGGTACCTTTTTTCTTCTTCTACTTGTGCCTTATAGGAACCAAACTGTCCTGTTTGCTGCTTTTCCA TTCTTTAATGTACATTACCTCTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCCAAAACCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGC ATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAGTCTTTTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGATAA GCTAATCTCAATTTCTATAAATTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACATTACTAGGACTAAAGGCTTGCTCT CAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTC AAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGG TATGTTGCATCTTGCGATGAGAGCAAATAAGTTGTACTATGCTATTCCCTCTGTTCCTAAATAAAA GACGTTTTTGCAGGAACAAATAAGTTGTACTATGCTACTCCCTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGACATTT TTGCAGCTCAAAATGAAGGATATATTTGTCTGAAGTTATTACTGTGCCTATGTTCTGTTGACACTG TCCCATGCTTGACAACTTGTCTTTACCAGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTT GCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGGTTTGTGCCATACTATTTTTAATAATTAAATCCCTC ACAACATTCTCTGTGGATTAAGTTAACTATCAATGTCATCTTATGACAGGCCAACTTCTTTGCTGC TCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACTGGGAGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGC TCTCAGACGTCTCCTAGTGCCAACACATGCAACAGAACTTCAGGGCAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAA TTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAAGG CCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTAAATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATC CTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAAT CGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGGTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTG GTAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTGCAGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCT ACATCAGACGGTTCTTTCATCAGTATCAGAGTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCT TTGGTTGAACAACAGGCTCCATTCGAGAAGTGAAAGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATG TGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTG GCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATTGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCG ATGGTTCGATGCTCTCAAAGGTAAGTTGCTTTTATCAAGTAGCATATGGAGTTCATGCATGATTGT GTATGCTGTGCATAATCAAATCAAATACCCTCTTGTCGAGCAGTGGCAGGACTTGGCTTTATCAG CAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATC CTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGATGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTTCTCGAGGAAGCTGCT GAGCTCGTTGATGACTCCCAGCCCAAGAAGCCCAGTTATTACAGGTACTTGAGAACATGCCATTT CTGTCTATCACTCTTTCATTCTGCTCCAAAATAAAATGGTACTGATGGTTTGTTCTGTTATACCTGC AGTACCTATGAAGTTCAGTACACGCTGAGGAGGCAGGATGACCGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGG CTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCATGATGTCTGCCAGAAGGACGACTAACGCATCATCTCATAGGACA

[0419] CGGGGCAGCGTCTAAACAAAGTTCCAGCACACTAGATATCTGTAGGTCACTAGTCTTAGGTCAG CATTGAACCAATTCGAATGCACGAAACCGTTCGATGATCTGCGCTGGGATGCTGTAGCTGCTCG TGGTGACTTTGCATCAGGATTTGACACAATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTTAGTACAGAATGCTAA CTTCTGCTGATTTCACATACCCTTCAATTTTTTGCGCTTATACGTTGTTAGTTTGCGACATGTTGTT

[0420] GGGCCTTGGGTGCCCTGCGCGGTGTAACTGAACTGTGTCAGCCATTGTTCATTGTTGAAAGACC

[0421] AATGCAGTTTGCTTCATTTCGCCC

[0422] SEQ ID NO: 12. TaPARC6-D1 promoter (-2kb upstream of ATG)

[0423] ATAGGCCGGGGGTTTTCGTCCTTTTCAAAAAAAAGATAACATTTGTTCTTGGATTTCATCACATGC CTTCAATACTTTCAGTGAAACTGTGGACATTTATGAAAAGACACAAGAGCTTTTCGCTCAAAGTCC TCTAATCACTGCTGCAGTTTAAGATAAGGGATTTCTCAACATAATTAGTTAAGCCCAGTCCCAATG

[0424] TTCTGAAAGCGTAAGAGCTTGTGTCATACAGATGCTGCTATGATAATGGAAAATACTGATAAAATA GTTGTGGCTCAGAAGCGTCTGAAGCAAATCACACGTAGAAGTTGGCCATATTATTAGATTCTTGC AGCCAAATATGGATGTGTTGGGGAAAAGGAACAGTAAAAAATCTTTGTTGTAAGATCTCTATTTTT

[0425] TTCAGCTCTGATTCGAGTTAACTTGAATCCTGAAATATTTTTAAACACATACTTACTACTCTCTCTG TCCCATAATACTTATATTATGGGACGGAGGGAGTACTATATAGCTTCACACTTGACTTGGGTTCAC ACAAGAAGTCTGAAAGATTCAGGGCTAGCGTTCAGCTCTGATTCAAATTCAGAGTTCGGAGTAGA

[0426] AAATTTACGTACCACTTACTGTTTACATGCAGGCCACAACTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTC TCTCTCCCTTTGCACTACACAACTGAAAATGCTTCTCACCGATGCCGCCATGTTGATTTTGGCAC ATGAATGTCTCGTATGCAACTATGCAAGCATACAAAAGGGAAGGATCTGAGCCAGAGAAAATCAT

[0427] GGAGCATCATGGCGGCGTGGGGAAAAACACGACATGCAGATGGACGAAGATGAACCGGATCTC ATACACGACGCGCCTCAAAAGGCACACGTAGAGGCGGAGAAAGGTGGGGCTATAGGGCTGAGG CAAAATAGGAGTTGTCTGAGGGCTGTATAGCACGATGCTCAGTTGTACCAATATGGGGTTGCCA

[0428] GAACCGCCTGACCTCACGCCCATCATGAGGTGTGCATGTCATGCCCATGTCGACGTCTGACGTT CTTCAAGATTTTGACCATTGAAGGAGCAAAGTGTGTTTCTCTCTAGTTGAGAAATTTGTCTCATGG AGCTTGAGCAATGGACGCGCGTGATGGTGCTCCGTGGCTTTCAAGATGGGCTTGAGCCCCATTA

[0429] TTGTATAGAGCCACGTGCGCAAAAGTGGGTGGCCGTGAAACCCGACAAACATGAGCGGAGAAAA TGTCTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTTCCTGGCAAATTGTCAATACGGTTTCCCCTCAGCAAATAAAAATAA AAATTGCCAATACGATTGTGTTCGTGATTCGAAAAAACGGCCGAGCAGCAGGTGCAGTACACAC

[0430] GAAATTAAAGGGAAAGCGGGGTGTCGTTTTCACATGAAAGGAGAGATGAATTCGGATGGGCCAC GCGTCAGCGGCTGGCGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTAGCACCATCATCAAAGCACCGCAGCGCGTCTA CCGACCAGCTCGTGAGCCAGGTCCACGCAGCGAATGAGAAAAACAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCC

[0431] GGTCTCCGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCCCCCTTTATTCTTCC

[0432] CTCCCTCCCCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0433] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0434] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0435] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0436] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNCGGCCATGGCC

[0437] Triticum turqidum (Tt) sp. Durum (Durum wheat).

[0438] Native

[0439] SEQ ID NO: 13. TtPARC6-A1 Amino acid.

[0440] MRAPPLQPRRAASAARSADAVTGELAILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQALLLD

[0441] VRDKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRTDSKPYAHD VLLAMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEVLSLP RTPENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTRKNK

[0442] KSLESQSQRWVDFNCFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFLLGE

[0443] ESGATVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSRFADTRDCPPSLVN

[0444] FFAAPKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTPSSASTCNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLGGQ

[0445] GSTDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGLALFGTLKLLRFQFGNTKP

[0446] APSTRESAATSSLNEASPSEGSFISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLNNRVHLRSERSDLSPGSSDVAAIARK ERMSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVLLNLS VVRAEILLDEAGDGEVAEINAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYSLRRQDDGSWKICEAAVRDL

[0447] S

[0448] SEQ ID NO: 14. TtPARC6-A1 CDS.

[0449] ATGCGGGCCCCGCCGTTGCAGCCGCGCCGCGCCGCGTCGGCCGCTCGATCCGCCGACGCCGT TACGGGCGAGCTGGCTATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTC GGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCTACTTGCAG ACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAACAGGAGTACGCAGGAAGCACC AGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTACCTGCTGCCTTGT GTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACG TACTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGC AAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCT TTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGAGCAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAG AGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGC AGGCGGGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCAT GTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATT GTTGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGCTGGAGTCTCA GAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCATCT GGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAGTGCCTAGTTGC ATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCTTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGAATCTGG CGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATG GGTTAGCTAAGAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAATCACTGGAACTGTGGCT GAAGGAAGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCGTCCTTGGTCAACTTCT TTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGAAGAGTCCT TTTGAGCTCTCAGACGCCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACATGCAACAGAACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAA GATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGG CCAGGGATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATC CTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAAT CGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGCTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTG GGAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACGAGAGAATCTGCAGCTACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCT CCGTCAGAAGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTAAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCT TTGGTTGAACAATAGGGTCCATTTGAGAAGTGAAAGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATG TGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAGGCACTTGTGAAGCAGTG GCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCG ACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGTGGCAAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTG GAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGAC GGTGAAGTTGCGGAAATCAATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGATGACTCTCAGC CCAAGAAGCCTAGTTACTACAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACTCACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGG ATCTTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGA

[0450] SEQ ID NO: 15. TtPARC6-A1 Genomic DNA

[0451] GCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCATCCATCCCCCTTTATTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCCCCCACCCTCC GCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCCGGCCGGCTAGGGCTCCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNCCTCCGCGCGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCTGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCCC GAGGGTCGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGGGATGCGGCAG GCAGGAGCCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGAGCCCGT CCGTCCAGGCCCTCCTCCGCTCCAGAGTTCGAATTCCCCGGAAATGCGGGCCCCGCCGTTGCA GCCGCGCCGCGCCGCGTCGGCCGCTCGATCCGCCGACGCCGTTACGGGCGAGCTGGCTGTGG GTTTCGTCGTCAAAATTCAACGCCCTCGCATCGCATCCGCTGGAAACTGAATTCGCGCTGCAGTT TCTTCCACACACTTGAATTGGACTGTACCGCCGCGGCGGACGGGTTCCGAGATTTCGTAGTTTT CTCCAGCCCGAAAGCGGCTGGATCATGTCGTCTTCCATTTTATGACGCATCCGTCCAATTGGCC GTGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAG CTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCTACTTGCAGACAGGTCGCT TACTGAATTCTGAAATTGCGAGAATACTGTTTTGCTCGGAATCATACGCAGCCAGCACCTCGGTG TTTAACGTTGTGCGGTTTGTTGATGCTCTGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTC TCTTCGAACAGGAGTACGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATAT ACCCTGGAGCTGGTTACCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGTTGCATAAACACCT TCCAGTCAAAAGATTCATGTGTACAAATGGAGGGCAGTTAGCAAGTTTGGTCCGTTTAAAACATA ATCTAGGCCTTTCATCTATATTGGACAGGATAGTCACTATCATGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTT CACTGAAACAGCAAATATTTAGTTGAACATTGACAGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTTCTATCAAGGCGGTTT GAAAAGTTACAGGGTGTTTTAAGATTTATCTGTGCTTTCTTGAAAGACTAGTAAAATAAAACAGTA TTATGACAAATCCATGGTCAATATATATAGTATTGTTGTAAGGGGCATGTAGAAATTGAATTATGC CCATCTTTGGAATAGGTTACTGAAATGTTAGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTATTATAAGGAACATGTAG ATACTGAATGTTGCCCATCTTTTGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATATGATCGATGATCAC

[0452] TTGGATGTTTGAGAGATTTAAGGGCTCAATCATGGAGAATCCTAGTAGCCTCTGTTCAATACAGTT

[0453] GAATGTGCTTGTCTTATAACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACATCTGTATCCCATGGGATAGTCAATA

[0454] TAATGGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTTAGCAAAACAGGAAATATTTGGTTGAACACCGACTGT

[0455] GTTTCTTGTTTTTCTCATCGAGGCGGTTTGAGAAGTTACATGCTGTTTAAGATTTATCTATGCTTTC

[0456] TTCAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTGAATATATGTAGTATTATTGCAGGAGCATATAGAAATTC

[0457] AATTACACCCGTCTTTCGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATACTTAAATGTGATTGATGATCTGTTTGAT

[0458] GTTTATGAGATTTAAAGGCTCAAGCATGGAGAGTCCTTAGTAGCCTCCGTTCATCAGAGTTGAAT

[0459] GTGCTTGTCTTATCATCTTGTACTGCCTTGTTTGTTTATTGCCAGTGTAAGATACCACATGCCAGT

[0460] ATTGTTTTCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGTACT

[0461] GATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCAT

[0462] GATTAAAGTGAAAAAGCTGCTTGGTACAGTGTTTATTATGTACATCTTTGGCAATTTGGAATAATT

[0463] CCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGC

[0464] TTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTT

[0465] CTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCACCTTACAGATTCGTCCATGTATGAAATCATGTCATAA

[0466] CTTCTCTTGTTGTGTGAACTAGATTGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAG

[0467] AGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGGGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCT

[0468] CTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTT

[0469] CTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTTGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTT

[0470] TGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGCTGGAGTCTCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTT

[0471] CAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGT

[0472] TGGTACCTTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTACTTGTAGCCTATAGGAACCACACTATCCTGTTTGCT

[0473] GCTTTTCCATTTTTTAATTTACATTACCTCTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAGTG

[0474] CCTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCTCTTTTCTTCTTGGAGA

[0475] GGTGATAGGCTAATCTCAATTTCTATAAATTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACATTACTAGGACTAAAG

[0476] GCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAG

[0477] TTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAGAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACC

[0478] AATCACTGGTATGTTACATCTTGGATGAGAGCAAATAAGTTGTACTATGCTAGATTAGTAGGTGG

[0479] CATATTTGTCTGAAGTTTTTAGTGTGCCTATGGTCAGTTCAAATTTTCTCATGCTGGTCAACTTGT

[0480] GTTTACCAGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAAGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCC

[0481] GCCGTCCTTGGTTCGTGCCATGCTATTTTTAGTAATTGAATCCCTCGTAACATTCTCTGTGGATTA

[0482] ATTTAACTATCAATATCATCTTATGACAGGTCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCA

[0483] CTTCCAAGCAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGAAGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGCCTTCTAGTGC

[0484] CTCCACATGCAACAGAACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGG

[0485] AAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAGGGATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGA

[0486] ATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTG

[0487] GAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGCTTG

[0488] CCCTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACG

[0489] AGAGAATCTGCAGCTACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTCCGTCAGAAGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAG

[0490] CAGAGTAAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAATAGGGTCCATTTGA

[0491] GAAGTGAAAGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAG

[0492] GATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAGGCACTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTG

[0493] GCCCTGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGGTAAG

[0494] TTCCTTTTATCAAGCACGTAGTAGCATATATGGAGTTCATGTATAATTGTGCATGCGGAGCATAAT

[0495] CAAAACAAATACCCTCTTGTTGAGCAGTGGCAAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTG

[0496] CTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTG

[0497] GTGACGGTGAAGTTGCGGAAATCAATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGATGACTC

[0498] TCAGCCCAAGAAGCCTAGTTACTACAGGTACTTCAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTGTATCTTTCTCATT

[0499] CTGCTCCGGAGTAACATAGCACTGACAATTTGTATGGTTATACTTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAG

[0500] TACTCACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGGATCTTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTG

[0501] TCGTGATTTCTGCCAGAAGGATGGCTAATGCATCATCTCATAGGACGCTGGGCCATGTTATAAAC

[0502] AAAGTTCCAACATATTAGAAATTTGTAGGTCGCTAGTATTAGGTCACCATTGAACCAATTCGAATG

[0503] CACGAAACCGTTCGATGATCTGCGTTGGGATGCTCTAGCTGCTAGTGGTGACTTTGCATCAGGA

[0504] TTTGACACAATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTTAGTACAGAATGCTAACTTCTTCTGATTTCACATAC

[0505] CCTTCATTTTTTTGCGCTTACATTGTTAGTTTGCGATATGCTGTTGGGCCTTGGGTGCCCCGCGC

[0506] GGTGTAGCTGAATTGTGTCAGCCATTGTTCATTGTTGAAAGATCAATGCAGTTTGCTTCATTTCGC

[0507] CTCTTTCGTTTTGAGTTTTGACCATAGGCTTCATGAATGATGATTCCTTTTTTCACCCCCTTTGTTT

[0508] TTGAACTTTCCCCTTGTTCAGGCTCCAGACTTGTACTTCAACTTTGATCCCTGTTGGATACGGTAG

[0509] GAACATCAGATTTTTAGACATGGACATGAGGATGACAAATTTAGTTTGCAAGCACGGCAATTTCCT

[0510] GTCAAAAAATGAACT SEQ ID NO: 16. TtPARC6-A1 promoter.

[0511] CGAGGGAGCGCGACGGCGAAAGGGAGCCGGCGGGAGGAGGAGAAGGAGAGGGGCGAGCGGA

[0512] GGGGCGGAGGGGGCGCGAGCGTGGACGCGGTGGTGCTCGGCGCGGATGCCATGGGGGTGGG GGGAGGGGGGAGAGCTGCACGATGCCGATGAGGCGGGGCGGGTAGGAGGAATCTTCTGGAAG GTGCCACCTGGCCACCGGTTTGTGCGACGAGCGGGTTCGTTTCTGGTCGTGAGGCCCACGGCT TTCGGGGCCTCGGCCTGGTTTATCCAACGCGCAAAATTTGTGTGGCCCATGTATAATAACACGCA

[0513] CCCCTAAAACAAAATGTATAATACGTACGTAACACGCAGTGAGGGTTCTGGAGGAAAAAAAAACT

[0514] CGGCCAGAAGAGGACCGTTGGGTGGGTCATTGTCTCTCTTCTCCTCCTCGTCTCTGATATGATCA

[0515] GACCAAGAGGGTAACTGTCACGACCCTGTTTGCCCGCTCTACCCAATCTTCTTCATTATCCATAG

[0516] GCCACAACTCTCTTTTTCACGACACACCTCAAAAGGCACGCGTAGAGGCGCAGAAGGGTGGGCT

[0517] ATGAGCCTATGAGGCAAAATAGGAGTTGTGTGTGGGCTATATAGCACAATGCTCAGTTGTATCAA CATGGGGTTGCGAGAACCACTGACCTCACGCCCATCATGAGATCCGCAGATCGTGTTGGCGTCC GACGTTTTTCAAGAAATTGACCATTAAAGGAGCAAAGCGCGTGCCTCTCTTCAGTTGAGAAATTT GTCTCGTGAAGCAATGGACGCGCATGATGTTGTTCTGATGGCTTTCAAGATGGGCTTGAGCCCC

[0518] ATTATTGTATAGAGGCACGCCGTAAAAGTGGGTGGCCATGAAACCCGACAAACATGAGCGCTCG

[0519] AAAGTTCCATATATCTGTCCGGGTCAAAGCGGAATTTCGTAGAATGTTTCTCTTGGTCATGTGGG GGCGGGAAGCTAATATGAGGTGGCCCACATATGTGCAAAATAAGCTACCAAGAGTAGGAGAAAA TGTGTTTGGCTTAATTTTCCCTGGCAAATTGTCAATACGGTTTCCCCTCAGCAAATAAAAATAAGA AGTGTCAATACGATTGTGTTCGTGATTCGAAAAAAACGACTGAGCAGCAAGAACACACGAAATTA

[0520] AAGGGAAAAAAGTGTTCCCGCAAAAAAAAAAGAAATTAAAGGGAAAGCGGGGTGTCGTTTTCACA

[0521] TGAAAGCAAATGAATCCGGATGGGCCACGCGTCAGCGGCTGGCGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTCTTA

[0522] CGAAAGCACTGCACCGCGTCTACCGACCAGCTGGTGAACCAGGTCCACGCAACAGATAGAAGC

[0523] AACAAAAACCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCG CTGACGCTTTCTCCATCCATCCCCCTTTATTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCCCCCACCCTCCGCGCATG GAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCCGGCCGGCTAGGGCTCCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0524] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0525] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0526] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNC

[0527] CTCCGCGCGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCTGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCCCGAGGGTC

[0528] GCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAG CCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGAGCCCGTCCGTCCA GGCCCTCCTCCGCTCCAGAGTTCGAATTCCCCGGAA

[0529] SEQ ID NO: 17. TtPARC6-B1 amino acid sequence.

[0530] MAMPTAAAALLHPSAVAAPSPSTSSARRSAPSSSSSSARCGGNASAGNGAGARRGAAVRAMVAGA

[0531] AAPVTGAAEGCGRQEAPAAPAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQA

[0532] LLLDVRDKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRPDSKPY

[0533] AHDVLLAMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEV

[0534] LSLPRTPENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTR

[0535] KNKKSLESQSQRVVVDFNCFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFLL

[0536] GEESGATVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSRFADTRDCPPSL

[0537] ANFFAAPKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTSPSASTCNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLGV

[0538] QGHSSTDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGFALFGTLKLVRFQFG

[0539] NTKPASSTRESAATSSLNEASSSENSFISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLSNRLHPRGERSDLSPGSSDVAAI

[0540] ARKERMSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVLL NLSVVRAEILLDEAGDGEVAEIDAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYTLRRQDDRSWKICEAAV RDLS

[0541] SEQ ID NO: 18. TtPARC6-B1 CDS.

[0542] ATGGCCATGCCCACGGCCGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCGCTGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCC CTCCACCTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCGGCGCGGTGCGGCGG CAATGCCTCCGCCGGAAACGGCGCGGGCGCGCGGCGAGGTGCGGCGGTGCGGGCGATGGTG GCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGGGGCGGCGGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCC

[0543] GCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGC CGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTA CACGGAGGAGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTT GAACAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTCCATATACCCT GGAGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGA CATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGTCCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAA TGGCACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTG AGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTT GAGCAGATCGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGC CCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGG ACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGCAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAA TGGACAAGCTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGT AAAAACAAAAAATCGTTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAG GGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCGTCTGGATTTTCAACCCGCCAGACTGAGTTGATAAGTAAAGCTA

[0544] AAACCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCT CGTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAAT GGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGAAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGT CAACCAGTCACTGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATT GTCCGCCATCCTTGGCCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAA CTAGGGGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTCCTAGTGCCTCCACATGCAACA GAACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCA GCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGTCCAGGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTA AGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAACCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTG GGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCCTCTTT GGTACATTGAAACTGGTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCTCCTCAACTAGAGAATC

[0545] TGCAGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTTCATCAGAAAATTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTCAG GGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGCAATAGGCTCCATCCGAGAGGCGAA AGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGCGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCT TCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGAC TATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGATGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGTGGCAAGACTTGGC TTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGTTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGC CGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCGAGGA AGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGATGACTCCCAGCCCAAGAAGCCCAGTTATTACAGTACGTATGAAGTTC AGTACACGCTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACCGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCCGCTGTCCGGGACC TGTCGTGA

[0546] SEQ ID NO: 19. TtPARC6-B1 genomic DNA.

[0547] TCCTCCGCCACTGCCTGGATGCCATGATACCAACACGGTGCTTGGTTTCTGTCAAATATGGACCA AGAGAGCCAAACTACCGACCGACACCTCACGCCCGTCGTCGAGGTCGGGGGATTGTGCAAATG CTTGTTACCAATTTTCTCTCTTTTAATTAATTGTCGACGAAATTGTCCCATTATTTTTTTGATGAAAA CAAAAGTGATGGGAAAATTGTCCCATGACTTGGCTGGCAGCAAATACGTTCGGAAAAAGAAGCG AGGGTGTCGTTTTCACATAAAGGCAAAATGAATTCGGATGGGCCAAGCGTCAGCGCCCGCGGTG GCCCACCTGTCGTAGCACCGTCATCAAAGCACCGCAGCGCGTCTACCGACCAGCTCGTGAGCC AGGTCCACGCAGCGAATGAAAAAAACAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCCTT GACGACCCCCGCTGCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCCTCCCTCGCCCTTTATTCTCCCCTCCCTCCCCCC AAAACCCCCCACCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCGGGCCGGCTAGACCCCCCCA CCCCACGCGCTCCCTCCCCGGCCATGGCCATGCCCACGGCCGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCC TCCGCTGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCCCTCCACCTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCC

[0548] TCCTCCTCGGCGCGGTGCGGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCCGGAAACGGCGCGGGCGCGCGGCGAG GTGCGGCGGTGCGGGCGATGGTGGCGGGGGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGGGGCGGCGGAGG GATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAG GTGAGCGAGCCCGTTCTCCGCCCCCGAGTTCGAATTCCCCGGAAATGCGGGCCCCGCCGTTGC CGCCGCCCCGCGCCGCGTCGGCCGCTCGATCCGCTGGTGCGGTTACGGGCGAGCTGGCTGTG GGTTTCCTCGTCAAAATTCAACGCCCTCGCATCGCATCCGTTGGAAACTGAATTCGCGCCTGCA GTTTCTTCCACACACTTGAATTGGACTGTACTGCCGCGGATGGGTTCCGAGATTTCGTAGTTTTC TCCAGGCCAGAAGCGGCTGGATCATGTCCTCTTCCAGTTTATGACGCGTCCGTCCAATTGACCG TGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGC TGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGTTGCCC GCTGAATTTAGCAATTACGTGAACACAGTTTTTCTCGGAGTAGTCATATGCAGCCAGCCCCAAGG

[0549] TGTTTAACGTTGTGCGGCTTGTTGGTTTTCTGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCT TCTCTTTGAACAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCGCCCAGATCCTCTCTCCAT ATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGTTGCATAAAACC CCTCCAGTCGAAAGATTCATATGTACAAATGAAGGGTAGTTGTCAGTTTTGGTCCATTTAAACTTG GTTTAGGCCTTTCACATCTGTATCACATCGGATAGTGAATGTCATGGGGGTGTCCTGTTCTCTGA

[0550] AGTTCACCATAACAGCACAATATTTAGTTGAACATTGACAGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTTCTATCAAGGC

[0551] GGTTTGAAAAGTTACAGGGTGTTTTAAGATTTATCTGTGCTTTCTTGAAAGACTAATAAAATAAAAC

[0552] AGTATTATGCCAACTCCATGGTCAATATATATACTATTATTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGAAATTGAATTA

[0553] TGCCCATCTTTGGACTAGGTTACTGAAATGTTGGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTATTATAAGGAGCATG

[0554] TAGATACTGAATAATCTCCATCCTTTGGACTAGGTAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATGTATGTCAATAT

[0555] CTGTAGTATTTGTTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGATACTGAATAATCTCCATCTTTTTGACTAGATAGGTG

[0556] TGAAATACTGAAATGTGATCGACAATCACTTTGATGTTTTAAGGGCCCAAGCATGGAGAATCCTA

[0557] GTAGCCTCTGTTCGACACAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATAACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACATCT

[0558] GTATCACATGGGATAGTTAATATCATGGGCATGCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTTACTAAAACAGGAAAT

[0559] ATTTAGTTGAACACCGACTGTGTTTCTTATTTTTCTTATCGAGGCAGTTTGAAAAGTTGCAGGCTG

[0560] TTTCAGATTTATCTATGCTTTCTTGAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCTATGGTGAAATCTGTAGTATTATT

[0561] GTAAGGAGCATATAAAATTCAATTATACCCATCTTTCGGACTAGGTAGGTGTACAATTCTTAAATG

[0562] TGATTGATGATCAGTTTGATGTTTGTGAGATTTAAAGTCTCAAGCATGGAGAGTCCTTAGTAGCCT

[0563] CCGTTCATCAGAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATCATCTTGTACTGGCTTGTTTGTTTATTGCTAGTG

[0564] TAAGATACCACATGACAGTATTGTTTTCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTTTTGGACATTGGTCA

[0565] GGCAGCTCTACGACGTCCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAG

[0566] CTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCATGATTAAAGTGAAAAAAGCTGCTTGGTACAGTGTTTATTATGTACAT

[0567] CTTTGGCAACTTGGAATAATTCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAA

[0568] AAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCA

[0569] TCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCCCTTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCACCTTACAGATTTGTCC

[0570] ATGCATGAGATCATGTCATAACTTCTCTTGTTGGGTGAACTAGATCGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGC

[0571] TTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGG

[0572] CGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCATGCAG

[0573] AGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGCTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGG

[0574] AACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCGTTGGAGTCCCAGAGC

[0575] CAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCGTCTGGAT

[0576] TTTCAACCCGCCAGACTGAGTTGGTACCTTCTTTCTTCTACTTCTACTTGTAGCCTATATGAACCA

[0577] AGCTATCCTGTTTGCTGCTTTTCCATTATTTAATTAACATTACCTCTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCTAA

[0578] AACCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTTTTTGCT

[0579] CGTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGATAAGCTAATTTCAATTTCTATAAATTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACA

[0580] TTACTAGGACTAAAGGCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCT

[0581] TCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGAAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACA

[0582] AGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGTATGTTGCATCTTGCGATGAGAGCAAATAAGTTGTACTATG

[0583] CTATTCCCTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGATGTTTTTGCAGTTCAATTAGAACAAATAAGTTGTAGTATG

[0584] CTACTCCTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGACATTTTTGCAGCTCAAAATGAAAGATATATTTGTCTGAAGT

[0585] TATTACTGTGCCTATGTTCTGTTGACACTATCTCATGCTTGACAACTTGTCTTTACCAGGAACTGT

[0586] GGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGGTATG

[0587] CGCCATGCTATTTTTAGTAATTGAATCCCAAATAACATTCTCTGTGGATTAATTTAACTATCAATGT

[0588] CATCTTATGACAGGCCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAGAAAC

[0589] TAGGGGCCACGAGAAGGGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTCCTAGTGCCTCCACATGCAACAG

[0590] AACTTCAGGACAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGC

[0591] TTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGTCCAGGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTGAATGGTTTAAG

[0592] TACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAACCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGG

[0593] GCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCCTCTTTGGT

[0594] ACATTGAAACTGGTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACACAAAACCTGCCTCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTGC

[0595] AGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTTCATCAGAAAATTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTCAGGGA

[0596] ACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGCAATAGGCTCCATCCGAGAGGCGAAAGA

[0597] AGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGCGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCA

[0598] AGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTAT

[0599] GAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGATGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGGTAAGTTCCTTTTATCA

[0600] AGCACGTAATGGCACATGTAGTTCATGCATGATTGTGTATGCTGTGTATAATCAAATCAAATACCC

[0601] TCTTGTTGAACAGTGGCAAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGTTACTGGAGATTTG

[0602] TTCTGCTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGACGGTGAAGT

[0603] GGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGATGACTCCCAGCCCAAGAAG

[0604] CCCAGTTATTACAGGTACTTGAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTTTATCTTTCTCATTCTGCTCTGGAGTA

[0605] ACATAGCACTGACGATTTGTGTGGTTATACTTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACACGCTGAGGA

[0606] GGCAGGACGACCGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCCGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGATTTCTGC

[0607] CAGAAGGACGACTAACGCGTCATCTCATAGGACACGGGGCAGGGCAGCGTCTAAACAAAGTTCC

[0608] AGCACATTAGATATCTGTAGGTCACTAGTATTAGATCACCATCGAACCAATTCGAATGCACGAAA CCGTTCGATGATCTGCGTTGGGATGCTCTATCTAGCTGCTCGTGGTGACTTTGCATCAGGACTTG ACACAATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTTAGTACAGAATGCTAACCTACCCTCTGCTGATTTCACATA CCCTTCATTTTTTGTGCGCTTACGTTGTTAGTTTGCAACATGTTGTCGGCCCTTGGGGTTCCCTG

[0609] AGCGGTGTAGCTGAATTGTGTCAGCCATCTTTCATTGTTGAAAGATCAAGGCAGTTTGCTTCAAC TTTGATCCCTGTTGGATACGGTAGGAACTTTATCATTGCCCTTTGAGTTTTGGAATGGCTAAAAAT

[0610] CCGACGCGAGATTTTTAGACACGGCAAACCGAATGTTTTTCATGGTGATTTATATTGGCACGAGG ATGGCAAATTTAGTTTGCAAGCATGACAATTTTCTGGCAAAAAATGAACTGAGGTGGAATTGTCAT GCTCGC

[0611] SEQ ID NO: 20. TtPARC6-B1 promoter (-2kb upstream of ATG).

[0612] ATGAAGTAATAAGGAAAGAGAGGTTTCACATATAGATATATTATCATTGACATCTTTTATGATTGG GAGCACTCATTAAAATATGACATGCTAAAGAGTTGAGGTTGGACAAGGAAGACAACATAATGAGT TATGTTTTCTTACATCCGAGATAAAGTATGTTGTCATGGATCCTCTATCGTGTTGAGCTTGCCTTT

[0613] CCCCCTCATGCTAGCCAAATTCTCAGCACCAAGTAGAAGTACTACTTGTGCTTCCAAATACCCTT AAACCAGTTTTTCCATGAGAGTCCACCATATCTACCTATGGATTGAGTAAGATCCTTCAAGTAAGT TGTCATCGGTGCAAGCAATAAAAATTGCTCTCTAAATATGCATGACTTATTAGTGCAGAGAAATAA

[0614] ACTTTGTACAAACTTGTTGTGGACGCAATAAAAGCGACGGACTGCATAATAAAGGTCCACATACA AGGGGCAATATAAAGTGACGTTCTTTTGCATTAAGATTTTGTGCATCAACCCTAAACGCGCATGA CAACCTCTGCTTCTCTCTGTGAAGGGCCTATCTTTTATTATTATCCTCTACCTTATGCAAGAGTCA

[0615] CGGTGATCTTCACCTTTCCTTTTTTATTTTTATCCTTTGGCAAGCTCAGCATATTGGAAAGAACAT GATATATACTCCCTCCGTTCCCAAATAATTGTCTTTCTAGCCATCTCAAATGGACTACAACATACG GATGTATGTAGACATGTTTTAGAGTGTAGATTCACTTATTTTGCTCCGTATGTAGTCACTTGTTGA

[0616] AATATCTAGAAAGACAATTATTTAGGAACTGAGGGAGTATATCTAATTGGATGTGGGGGTGCATG AATTGTTATTGTTGACATTACCCTTGAGGTAAAAGGTTGTGGGGCAAAACTATAAGCCCCTATCTT TCTCTGTGTCCGATTAAAACTCCGTAACCACAAGTATTGCGTGAGTGTTAGTAATTATGAAGGACT

[0617] AAGTGATAGTTGAGTATGTGGATTTGCTTTTAAGCTCTGACATAGACTCTTTCCGATGTTATGAGA AATCCATCTGTACGCCTTAAGAGGTCCAATCTGGAATAAAGCATCAGATATCTCTTTCTTCGTATA AGGCTCACACAACAAAGCATTCATCTCATTAGTCACCTTAGGCACAATACACCAATACCGACTCA

[0618] GGGGAAAGTGTAGGATCTTTAGTATATACCTCTTTGAAATATGAGGCTGCCATACGCTCCATATC TGACGGAGCATGTGAGGGGTGACTGGCCTTGCATACATTGATGGAGGATACACATAAGTTGAGG TAGGGTGGGCTTTGGTCACTCGCCGCCTTGCAACCCTGCCTACGCCGGACAAATCAAGGTAGG

[0619] GCGGCCGTCAACCCTTGCCCTACCGGTCCTCCGCCACTGCCTGGATGCCATGATACCAACACG GTGCTTGGTTTCTGTCAAATATGGACCAAGAGAGCCAAACTACCGACCGACACCTCACGCCCGT CGTCGAGGTCGGGGGATTGTGCAAATGCTTGTTACCAATTTTCTCTCTTTTAATTAATTGTCGACG

[0620] AAATTGTCCCATTATTTTTTTGATGAAAACAAAAGTGATGGGAAAATTGTCCCATGACTTGGCTGG CAGCAAATACGTTCGGAAAAAGAAGCGAGGGTGTCGTTTTCACATAAAGGCAAAATGAATTCGGA TGGGCCAAGCGTCAGCGCCCGCGGTGGCCCACCTGTCGTAGCACCGTCATCAAAGCACCGCAG

[0621] CGCGTCTACCGACCAGCTCGTGAGCCAGGTCCACGCAGCGAATGAAAAAAACAAAACCCGATCC ATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACCCCCGCTGCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCCTCCCTCG CCCTTTATTCTCCCCTCCCTCCCCCCAAAACCCCCCACCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGA

[0622] GACGCGGGCCGGCTAGACCCCCCCACCCCACGCGCTCCCTCCCCGGCC

[0623] Hordeum vulqare (Barley).

[0624] SEQ ID NO: 21. HvPARC6 canonical amino acid sequence. GenBank accession Number: AK373522.1

[0625] MAMPTAAAALLHPSAVAAPSPSTSSARRSAPSSSSPARRGGNASAGRGAAVRARVAGAAAPVTEAA

[0626] AAEGCGRQEAPAAPAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIDLRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQALLLDVR DKLLFEQEYAGSTRAKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRPDSKPYAHDVLL AMALAECSIAKASFEKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKTSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEVLSLPRTP

[0627] ENSERRRGAIAALCELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTRKNKKSL ESQSQRVVVDFNCFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFLLGEESG TTVFEKLQQLQSNGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKDVALSRFADTRDCPPSLANFFAA

[0628] PKRLISTSKQKLGATRRVLLSSQTSSSASTSNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLGGQGHTS

[0629] TDRPVNGLSTTSVPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGFALFGTLKLLRFQFGSTKPVP

[0630] STRESAATSSLNEASSSDGSLISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLNNRLYLRSEGSDLSPGSGDVTAIARKER MSLQEAEALVKQWQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSDVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVLLNLSVV RAEILLDEAGDGEVAEIDAVLEEAAELVDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYTLRRQDDGSWKICEAAVRDLS

[0631] SEQ ID NO: 22. HvPARC6 CDS ATGGCCATGCCCACGGCCGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCC

[0632] CTCCACCTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCCCGGCGCGGCGCGGCGGCA

[0633] ATGCCTCCGCCGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCGCGAGGGTGGCGGGGGCAGCCGCGCCGGT

[0634] GACCGAGGCGGCGGCGGCAGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTC

[0635] GAGATCCCCGTCACATGCTACCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATC

[0636] GTCAAGTCGGCCATCGACCTGAGGAAATCGGAGATCGAAGATGGGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCC

[0637] ACCTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTTGAACAGGAGTACGCAG

[0638] GAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTTCCTCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTGCCTGC

[0639] TGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTCTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCT

[0640] CTACGACGCCCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCTTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAATG

[0641] CTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTG

[0642] CTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAAACATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCTCTTCTTGAGCAGATCGAAGAAT

[0643] CACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAAT

[0644] TCTGAACGCAGGCGTGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTCG

[0645] AGTCATCTTGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCCTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCC

[0646] ACTGAAATCGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCATTG

[0647] GAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGTTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACC

[0648] TTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGTGAATGC

[0649] CTTGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCGTTTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTTGGAGA

[0650] GGAATCTGGCACCACAGTTTTTGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAA

[0651] GGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGAA

[0652] CTGTGGCTGAAGGATGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGGC

[0653] AAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAGCAAAAACTAGGAGCCACAAGAA

[0654] GAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACATCCAACAGGACTTCAGGGCAGCA

[0655] GAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCC

[0656] TGGGGGGCCAGGGCCATACATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTAAATGGCTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCC

[0657] TCTGAAGCGCAATCCCGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGAT

[0658] GTTATAGGAAAGATTGCGTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCCTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCT

[0659] CAGATTTCAGTTCGGGAGCACAAAACCTGTCCCCTCAACTAGAGAATCTGCAGCCACGTCTTCTC

[0660] TGAATGAAGCATCTTCGTCAGACGGTTCTCTTATCAGTAGCAGAGTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAG

[0661] CTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAACAGGCTCTATTTGAGAAGTGAAGGAAGTGATCTGTCTCC

[0662] TGGTTCTGGTGATGTGACTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCG

[0663] CTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTGGCCCTGACTATGAAATTGATATGCT

[0664] CTCCGATGTCCTCGATGGTTCGATGCTGTCCAAGTGGCAGGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGAT

[0665] CAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTCCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTTCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTTGA

[0666] TGAGGCTGGTGATGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTTGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTT

[0667] GACGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAAGCCTAGTTATTACAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTACACGCTGAGGA

[0668] GGCAGGACGATGGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCGTGA

[0669] SEQ ID NO: 23. HvPARC6 genomic DNA

[0670] AGTGGAGCGGTAGCACGGGCGGTACTACCGCTTATAGGCGTTACTACTGCTTCGCACTATCGTC

[0671] CCACTACCTCATAGTCCGACATGAAAAGTCGAGTCCCCCAAAGGAAGCGTAGTACACGCCGCAC TGGACTGGGGCACTACCGCGTGCCTAGAGCGGTACCACCGCTTATAGTCGATACTACCGCTTCG CACTACCGTCCCACTATCTCATAGTCCGACAAAAAAATCGAGTCCCCTAAAGGAAGCGTAGTACA

[0672] CGCGACACTGGACAGAGGTACCACCGTCTGTAGGCGGTACTACCGCGTGCCTAGAGGGGCGGA GGGGATGCGAGGGTGGACGCGATGGTGCTCCGCACGGATGCCATGGGAGGGTGAGGAGCGCA GCACGACGCCGATGCGGGTAGGAGAGGACAAGGAATCTTCTCGAAGGTGCCACTTCGCGATGA

[0673] CAACACGGGCGCACAACCCAATCTAGCCCACGGCCTCATTCCGCCTGGTCTATCCAATACACAC

[0674] ATTTTTGTGTGGCCCATGTATAGCATGGCAAGGGAAGTTGTCTCAAAAAGAAAACATGACAATGA GGTTTCTAGAGAGGCAGAGAAAAAAAGACAGCGTGGAGACTGTGTCTCTTTCTTCTTCTCCTGCC TATCCTCCTCTCCAACATAAGACGCCAGCTCTCTTGTCATTTCCTCCTCATCGTCTTCTTCGCTCA TGGCACTTGTGGCTTTGGCCGCACGCTCTAGCCACTCAATCATCTTCATCACCCACAGTTCGGC

[0675] CACGACTCTCTCCCGACTCTTTGCACATTTGCTCCGCGCAATCTAAGATGCCATTTTTGTGGACA AACATAATATGCTCCCGACTCTTCCGACGATCGACCGACCTACCTCACGCCCATCCTTGAGGTTG ACACTGTGTGTCAATGTTTGCTATCAAGGTTCTTCCAAAAAGTGTATGTGGGTGAGATTGAAATG

[0676] GGCAAAATCATGTGTCTCTCTTTTGCTAGTTGAGAAACTTGTTTCGATACTTTTTTGTTCTTTTGGT AGTCAAGAAAATTGAAATGAACAAGGGAAAAGCCTACCGTCATCCGGGGGATAGCAGCGCCCGC ATCCAGCACATTCCATGCATGACACGCCTCCAACTAAGGGTCTGAATGCCGTCCTTAATGGAAGC GCTCCTTCACAGGAATCATGTTTCTAAAACATATACGATGTTGTAATGGTCTCAGCGGGTATATGT

[0677] TTTACAATAAAACCCCTGTTAGTTTTTTTTGCGACAAGACCTTAATTGCACAAAAAAAACTTATGAC

[0678] AAAACCCTTGTTACAAAACTTATTTTGCAACAAAACCTTAGTGTAATTTTTTTCTTTACAACAAAAC

[0679] CTGAATTGTAAAAAAAAATCGCAACAAAACAACTATTGCAAAAAATTCTACAACAAAACATATGTTA

[0680] CATAAATAATTCCATAACAAGACTCGTATTGGAGTGATGAAGACACGTCTGACTTATTCGATGTGT

[0681] CAAATCCAACTGTTCACAAACCCACTAATCTCTTAAAAAGATCAACAAAGCGTAGCACACTCAATG

[0682] AACAAATAGTGAAAATTGTTCCATGACTTGGCAGCAAATACGTTCGGAAAAGGACTTTGGAAGGA

[0683] GGGTGTGTCGTCTTCACTTCACATAAAAGCAAAAATGAAGACGGATGGGCCACGCGTCATCCGC

[0684] TGGAGTGGCCCACCTGTCGTACGTACGGTCATCAAAGCAGACAGACACACAGCATCTAACAAAA

[0685] AAAAAAAAATCCAGCCCGTGAACCAGGTCCACGCAGTGAAAAAGAAAAGCAAAACCCGATCCAC CTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCCTCCCCCTT TATTCCTCCCCAAAACCAAAACCCAACCCCCCCCACCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCGCCGGAGA

[0686] CCCGGGCCGGCTACCGCACACCGTCCTTCCGCCCACCCCCTCCCTCCCTCCCCGGCCATGGCC

[0687] ATGCCCACGGCCGCCGCGGCGCTGCTCCACCCCTCCGCCGTCGCCGCCCCGTCCCCCTCCAC

[0688] CTCCTCGGCGCGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCCCGGCGCGGCGCGGCGGCAATGCCT

[0689] CCGCCGGGCGCGGGGCCGCGGTGCGCGCGAGGGTGGCGGGGGCAGCCGCGCCGGTGACCG

[0690] AGGCGGCGGCGGCAGAGGGATGCGGCAGGCAGGAGGCCCCCGCCGCGCCCGCCGTCGAGAT

[0691] CCCCGTCACATGCTACCAGGTGAGACCGTCTGACCCCCGCCGTTCTCCGCCCCCGGGTTCGAA

[0692] TTCCCCGGAAATGCGGCCCCTGCCGTTGCCGACGCGCCGCGTCGGCCGCTCGATCCGCTGATG

[0693] CGGTTACGGGTGAGCTAGCTGTGGATTTTATCGTCGAAATTCAACGCCCTCGCACCCGTTTGAA

[0694] CCTGAATTCGCGCCTGTGGTTCACACGCCTCCCTCGTTTTGAATTGGACTCTACTGCCGCGGAT

[0695] GAGTTCCGAGATTTCCTAGTTTTTCTCCACGCCAAAAGCGGCTGGATCATCTTGTCTTCCATTTTC

[0696] ATGACGCGTCTGTCCAAATGACCACCGTGCAGATCCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGG

[0697] ACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGACCTGAGGAAATCGGAGATCGAAGATGGGTACACGGAGG

[0698] AGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGTTTTTGCTCATTTCATTCAGCAATTGCGTGGATGCAGTTTTGCC

[0699] CGGAATCATATGCAGCCAGAACCCCGGTGTTTAACATGTCGTGCTGTTTGTTGGTTTTCTCTCAG

[0700] GCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGAGACAAGCTTCTCTTTGAACAGGAGTACGCAGGAAGCACCAGG

[0701] GCCAAGGTTCCTCCCAGATCCTCTCTTCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGTTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGT

[0702] CTTGCAGGAGGTAATGTGCCACATAAACACCATCCAGTCAAAAGATTCATATGTACAAATTAAGG

[0703] ACAGTTATCAAGTTTGGTCCGTTCAAACATAATCTAGGCCTTTCATCTATACTACACAGGATAGTC

[0704] ACTATTATGGGAGTGCCCTGTTCTCAGAAGTTTGCCAAAACAGCAAATATTTAGTTGAACATTAAC

[0705] AGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTCCTATCAAGGCAGTTTGAAAAGTTACAGGGTGCTTTAAGATTTATATGTG

[0706] CTTTATTGGAAAACTAATAAAATATAACAGTGTTATGATAACTCCATTTTCAATAGCTATAGTATTAT

[0707] TGTAAGGAGCATCTAGATACTGAATAATGCCCATCTTTTGTACCCGGCAAGTGTAAAATACTTAAA

[0708] TGCTGGTCAATATCTGTAGTAGTATTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGATACTGAATAATGCCCATCTTTTGG

[0709] TAAAATACCGAAATGTGATGGATGATCACTTTTATGTTTGAGAAAGGGCTCAAGCATGAAGAATC

[0710] CTAGTAGCCTCTGTTCAATACAGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTGTAACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACA

[0711] TCTGTATGTATCACTATCACATGGGATAGCCAATATCATGGGCATCCCCTGTTCTCTGAAGTTTAC

[0712] CAAAATATGAAATATTTAGTTGAACATCGACTGTGTTTCTTGTTTTTCTCATCGAGGCGGTTTGAA

[0713] AAGTTACAGGCTGTTTAAGATTTATCTATGCTTTCTTGAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTGAAT

[0714] ATCTGTAGTATCACTGTAAGGAGCATATCAAAATTCAATTATACCCATCTTTCGGACTAGGTAGGT

[0715] GTAATATACTTAAATGTGATTGATAATCAGTTTGATGTTTGTGAGATTTAAAGGCTCAAGCATGGA

[0716] GAGTCCTAGTGGCCTCTGTTCGTCACTGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATCATCATGTACTGGCTTGTT

[0717] TGTTTATTGCCAGTGTAAGATACCACATGCCAGTATTGTTTGCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGT

[0718] CTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTACGACGCCCTGATTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTC

[0719] TTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCATGATTAAAGTGAAAAAAGCTGCTTGGTACAG

[0720] TGTTTATTATGTACATCTTTGGCAATTTGGAATAATTCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCA

[0721] AAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTT

[0722] TTGAGGAAAAAAACATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCTCTTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCAC

[0723] CTTACAGATCTGTCCATGTATGCAATCATGCCATAACTTCTCTTGTTGGGTGAACCAGATCGAAG

[0724] AATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAA

[0725] AATTCTGAACGCAGGCGTGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGT

[0726] CGAGTCATCTTGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCCTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAG

[0727] CCACTGAAATCGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGACTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCAT

[0728] TGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGTTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACA

[0729] CCTTGCATCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGGTACCTTTTTTCTTCTTCTTCTACTACTT

[0730] GTAGCCTATAGCCTATAGGAACCAAACTATCCTCTTTGCTGCTTTTCCCCATTCTTCAATTTACATT

[0731] ACCTCTGTGCAGATAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGTGAATGCCTTGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGA

[0732] CCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCGTTTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGATAAGCTAATCTCAATATCT ATAAATTTAGTAATGCACAATTGCACATTACTAGGACTAAAGGCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCACC ACAGTTTTTGAAAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTA GCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGTATGCTACATCTTGCG ATGAGAGCAAATAAGTTTTACTATGCTAGATTAGTACTCCCTCCATCACAGTTTAGAAGGCATGCA CGTGTACCTAGGTCGTCAATTTGACTTATATAAAATATATTGTTTAACATAAAAATTATATCATTAG AAAATAGATCATCTAAAGTTTCTACTGATATATTTTTTGTAATATATGCCTCTCATTAAGTTGGTCA AATTGACGACCTAGGTACATGTGCCGGACTTGTAAACTGAGACGGAGGGAGTAGATGATATATTT GTCTGAAGTTATTACTGTGCCTATGGTCTGTTGAAACTATCTCATGCCAGGCAACTTGTCTTTACC AGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGATGTGGCACTTTCTCGTTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGCCATCC TTGGTTCGTGCCATGTTTTTTTTAGTAATCAAGTCCCTCAGAACATTCTCTGTGGATTAATTTGACT ATCAATGTCATCTTATGACAGGCAAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAG CAAAAACTAGGAGCCACAAGAAGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACATC CAACAGGACTTCAGGGCAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTA AAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAGGGCCATACATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTAAAT GGCTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAATCCCGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGA ATCGTGGGGCCTGACTGGGGATGTTATAGGAAAGATTGCGTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCC CTATTTGGTACATTAAAACTGCTCAGATTTCAGTTCGGGAGCACAAAACCTGTCCCCTCAACTAG AGAATCTGCAGCCACGTCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTTCGTCAGACGGTTCTCTTATCAGTAGCA GAGTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAACAACAGGCTCTATTTGAGA AGTGAAGGAAGTGATCTGTCTCCTGGTTCTGGTGATGTGACTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGA TGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAATCTGAAGCTCTTGGC CCTGACTATGAAATTGATATGCTCTCCGATGTCCTCGATGGTTCGATGCTGTCCAAGGTAAGTTT CTTCTATCAATCACGTAATTGCATATGGAGTTCATGCATGATCGTGTATGCAGTGCATAATCAAAT CAAACACCCTCTTGTTGAGCAGTGGCAGGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACT GGAGATTTGTCCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTTCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTTGATGAGGCTGGTGAT GGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTTGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTGTTGACGACTCTCAGC CCAAGAAGCCTAGTTATTACAGGTACTTGAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTCTATCGCTCTTTCATTCTT CTCCAGAATAAAATGGCACTGATGGTTTGTGCTGTTATACCTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTAC ACGCTGAGGAGGCAGGACGATGGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCG TGATTTCTGCCAGAAGGACGACTAACGCATCATCTCATAGGACACGGGGCCATGTTTAAACAAAG TTCCAACATATTAGAATTTTGTAGTTCACTAGCATTAGATCACCATTGAACCAAATTCGAATGCAC GGAACCGTTCGATGATCTGTGTTTGGGATGCTCTAGCTGCTCGTGGTGACTTGCATCAGGATTC GACACCGATACCCGCTGATTTGCTACGTTAGTACAGGATGCTAACCTCTGCTGATTTCACATACC TTTCATTTCTTTCCGCTTGTCGGGCCTTGGGTGCCCCGCGCGGTGTAACTGAATTGTGTTAGCCA TTGTTCATTGTTGAAAGATCAATGCAGCTTGCTTCATTTTTCTCCCCCTTGTTTTGAGTTTTTACCA TAGGCTTCATAAATGATGATTCCTTTTTCCACCCCCTTTGTTTTTGAAGTTTGCCTTTGTTCAGGC GCCACAGGCTTGTACTTTACTTCAGCTTTGATCCCTGTTGGATACGGTAGGAACATTATCATTGA CCTTTTGAGTTTGGGAATCAGATTTGTAGACATTACACTTGATTTCTTCGGTAAACACAACGTACC GTAGAAAATGTCGG

[0733] SEQ ID NO: 24. HvPARC6 promoter.

[0734] AGTGGAGCGGTAGCACGGGCGGTACTACCGCTTATAGGCGTTACTACTGCTTCGCACTATCGTC CCACTACCTCATAGTCCGACATGAAAAGTCGAGTCCCCCAAAGGAAGCGTAGTACACGCCGCAC

[0735] TGGACTGGGGCACTACCGCGTGCCTAGAGCGGTACCACCGCTTATAGTCGATACTACCGCTTCG CACTACCGTCCCACTATCTCATAGTCCGACAAAAAAATCGAGTCCCCTAAAGGAAGCGTAGTACA CGCGACACTGGACAGAGGTACCACCGTCTGTAGGCGGTACTACCGCGTGCCTAGAGGGGCGGA GGGGATGCGAGGGTGGACGCGATGGTGCTCCGCACGGATGCCATGGGAGGGTGAGGAGCGCA

[0736] GCACGACGCCGATGCGGGTAGGAGAGGACAAGGAATCTTCTCGAAGGTGCCACTTCGCGATGA

[0737] CAACACGGGCGCACAACCCAATCTAGCCCACGGCCTCATTCCGCCTGGTCTATCCAATACACAC

[0738] ATTTTTGTGTGGCCCATGTATAGCATGGCAAGGGAAGTTGTCTCAAAAAGAAAACATGACAATGA GGTTTCTAGAGAGGCAGAGAAAAAAAGACAGCGTGGAGACTGTGTCTCTTTCTTCTTCTCCTGCC TATCCTCCTCTCCAACATAAGACGCCAGCTCTCTTGTCATTTCCTCCTCATCGTCTTCTTCGCTCA TGGCACTTGTGGCTTTGGCCGCACGCTCTAGCCACTCAATCATCTTCATCACCCACAGTTCGGC

[0739] CACGACTCTCTCCCGACTCTTTGCACATTTGCTCCGCGCAATCTAAGATGCCATTTTTGTGGACA AACATAATATGCTCCCGACTCTTCCGACGATCGACCGACCTACCTCACGCCCATCCTTGAGGTTG ACACTGTGTGTCAATGTTTGCTATCAAGGTTCTTCCAAAAAGTGTATGTGGGTGAGATTGAAATG

[0740] GGCAAAATCATGTGTCTCTCTTTTGCTAGTTGAGAAACTTGTTTCGATACTTTTTTGTTCTTTTGGT AGTCAAGAAAATTGAAATGAACAAGGGAAAAGCCTACCGTCATCCGGGGGATAGCAGCGCCCGC ATCCAGCACATTCCATGCATGACACGCCTCCAACTAAGGGTCTGAATGCCGTCCTTAATGGAAGC GCTCCTTCACAGGAATCATGTTTCTAAAACATATACGATGTTGTAATGGTCTCAGCGGGTATATGT

[0741] TTTACAATAAAACCCCTGTTAGTTTTTTTTGCGACAAGACCTTAATTGCACAAAAAAAACTTATGAC

[0742] AAAACCCTTGTTACAAAACTTATTTTGCAACAAAACCTTAGTGTAATTTTTTTCTTTACAACAAAAC

[0743] CTGAATTGTAAAAAAAAATCGCAACAAAACAACTATTGCAAAAAATTCTACAACAAAACATATGTTA

[0744] CATAAATAATTCCATAACAAGACTCGTATTGGAGTGATGAAGACACGTCTGACTTATTCGATGTGT

[0745] CAAATCCAACTGTTCACAAACCCACTAATCTCTTAAAAAGATCAACAAAGCGTAGCACACTCAATG

[0746] AACAAATAGTGAAAATTGTTCCATGACTTGGCAGCAAATACGTTCGGAAAAGGACTTTGGAAGGA

[0747] GGGTGTGTCGTCTTCACTTCACATAAAAGCAAAAATGAAGACGGATGGGCCACGCGTCATCCGC

[0748] TGGAGTGGCCCACCTGTCGTACGTACGGTCATCAAAGCAGACAGACACACAGCATCTAACAAAA

[0749] AAAAAAAAATCCAGCCCGTGAACCAGGTCCACGCAGTGAAAAAGAAAAGCAAAACCCGATCCAC

[0750] CTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTGGCCTTGACGACGCCCGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCCTCCCCCTT

[0751] TATTCCTCCCCAAAACCAAAACCCAACCCCCCCCACCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCGCCGGAGA

[0752] CCCGGGCCGGCTACCGCACACCGTCCTTCCGCCCACCCCCTCCCTCCCTCCCCGGCC

[0753] Secale cereale (Rye)

[0754] SEQ ID NO: 25. Rye PARC6 Amino acid

[0755] MATPTVAAAAAAVLLRHPSPSSSARRGNASAGSARRGAAVRARVAGAAAPVTEERGRQQEPPAAP

[0756] PAVEIPVTCYQILGVTEKAEKDEIVKSAIELRKSEIEDGYTEEVSTCRQALLLDVRDKLLFEQEYAGSTR

[0757] AKVPPRSSLHIPWSWLPAALCVLQEVGEEKLVLDIGQAALRRAESKPYAHDVLLAMALAECSIAKASF

[0758] EKSKVSLGFEALARAQYLLRKKPSLEKMPLLEQIEESLEELAPACTLEVLSLPRTPENSERRRGAIAAL

[0759] CELLGQGLDVESSCRVHDWPYFLGQAMDKLLATEIVELLSWDSLATTRKNKKSLESQSQRVVVDFN

[0760] CFYRAMLAHLASGFSTRQTELISKAKTICECLVASENTDLKFEESFCSFLLGEESGATVFDKLQQLQS

[0761] NGSSNSRNYGLAKKKDSSDKVTVNQSLELWLKEVALSHFADTRDCPPSLINFFAAPKRLISTSKQKLG

[0762] ATRRVLLSSQTSSSASTCNRTSGQQNPRLNSTSHLGEAVKQLAPTTLGGQGHSSTDRPVNGLSTTS

[0763] VPLKRNPGSHPVRTLESWGLTGDVIGKIAYTAVLGFALFGTLKLLRFQFGNAKPAPSTRESAATSSLN

[0764] EASTSDGSFISSRVREQFEKLSKMLWLSNRLHLRSERSDLSPGSSDVAAIARKERMSLQEAEALVKQ

[0765] WQDIKSEALGPDYEIDMLSEVLDGSMLSKWQDLALSAKDQSCYWRFVLLNLSWRAEILLDEAGDGE

[0766] VAEIDAVLEEAAELIDDSQPKKPSYYSTYEVQYSLRRQDDGSWKICEAAVRDLS

[0767] SEQ ID NO: 26. Rye PARC6 CDS

[0768] ATGGCGACGCCGACGGTCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGTGCTGCTCCGCCACCCCTCCCCCTC CTCCTCGGCGCGGCGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCCGGGAGCGCGCGGCGAGGCGCGGCGGTGCGC GCGCGGGTGGCGGGTGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGAGGAACGCGGCAGGCAGCAGGAGCCCC CCGCCGCGCCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGATTCTGGGCGTCACGGAGA AGGCCGAGAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACG GGTACACGGAGGAGGTGTCCACCTGCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGCTGGACGTGAGGGACAAGCTTC TCTTCGAGCAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTCCCTCCCAGATCCTCTCTCCATAT ACCCTGGAGCTGGCTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGT TTTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTTCGACGTGCTGAGTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTC TTGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAATGCTCCATTGCAAAAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTG GCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTTTGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCT CTTCTTGAGCAGATCGAAGAATCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAG CCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAATTCTGAACGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTG CTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTTGAGTCATCTTGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCA GGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGCCACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGATTCTTTGGCTACAA CTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCATTGGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTC TACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACACCTTGCGTCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGATAAGTAA AGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAGGAATCTT TTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTCGGAGAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGACAAGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAA AGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAAGACAGCAGTGACAAGGT TACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCATTTTGCAGATACAA GAGATTGTCCGCCATCCTTGATCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTCCAAG CAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGAAGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTTCTAGTGCCTCCACAT GTAACAGAACTTCAGGGCAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGCTGTA AAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAAGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTAAATG GTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAACCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTTGGAA

[0769] TCGTGGGGTCTGACTGGGGATGTTATCGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTTGCCC TATTTGGTACATTGAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACGCAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAACTAGA

[0770] GAATCTGCAGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTACATCAGATGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAGCAGA

[0771] GTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGCAACAGGCTCCACTTGAGAAG

[0772] CGAAAGAAGTGATTTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAGGATGT

[0773] CTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTTGGCCC

[0774] TGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGTGGCAAGACT

[0775] TGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGCTACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCC

[0776] GAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGGTGATGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCG

[0777] AGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTATTGACGACTCTCAGCCCAAGAAGCCCAGTTACTACAGTACGTATGAA GTTCAGTACTCACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGG GACCTGTCGTGA

[0778] SEQ ID NO: 27. Rye PARC6 Genomic DNA

[0779] GCACTACACAACTAAAAATGCATCTCATCGATGCCGCCATGATGGTTTCGGCACATGAATGTCTC GTATGCAAGCATGCAAAAGGGAAGGATCTGAGCCAGAGAAAATCATGGAGCACCAAGGCGGCG TGGAGGGAAACACGACATGCAAATGGACGAACATGAACCGAATCTCATACACGACACACCTCAA AAGGCACACGTAGAGGCGGAGAAGGGTGGGGCTATGGGGCTGAGGCAAAATAGGTGGTGTGT GAGGGACTATAGCACAATGCTCGGTTGTACCAATATGGGGTAGAACCGCCCAACCTCACCCCAT CGTGAGGTCCGCAGATAGTGTTGACGTCCGACGTTCTTCAAGGAGCAAAGTGTGTGTCTCTGAG AAATTTATCTCGTGAAAGCAATGGACGTGCGTGATGGTGTTCCGCTGGCTTCTGAGATGGGTTTG AGCCTCATCATTGTATAGAGCCACACCGCAAAAGTGAGTGGCCGTGAAACCTGAGAAACATGAG CGCTCGAAAATCCCATGTATCCTTCTGAATCTGGATCGAAGCAACAATTTTGTAGAATTTTTATCC GCGTCATGTGGGGCGGGAAGCTAATGCGGCGGCCCACATGTGTGCAACAAAAGCTACAGAGAG TAGGAGAAAATGTCTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTTTCTAGCAAACTCCATGGTCGAAGCATTCCCGTCAC CTGCTTCCAACAATTCTCACATGGTTCACGTCGCCGTCAAGGCTGCAACACTGCGGTGGCCGTC TTTTACCAACATCGCAGCAAACTCCAATATTATCAAATAACATATCCACTAGTAGCAAGCTCTGAA ATGGTTGGTAGCAAAAATAAAATGTTGCCGCCGCCACGGCCAACACCGATGAATGTAGCAAAAAT TGTCTCCGATTCCAGCAAAATTCAAACACACTTTCAGCAAAAAAAACATCACCGCCATCACGACG AACACCGTCGTGATGGATGTATCAACAATTGACTCTGATTACAACAAAAATCAACACAGCTGCAG CTCCCACTCCCAACGGTTTCCAACTTTTTTTGTGTCGCCGGCAAGTGGAGACCACTGTTCCGGCA TTTGTGGGTGCTGGTTGTAGCACAGTGGGAGCCCGGGGGCGCGTCTTCTCGAGCGTTGACGGG TGTCGGTCGCAGCTTTCCAGCATCTCACATCGTTGTCGTAGCTTTTTCCAGCAAGGCTCGTTTGC ATCGCCGGTCAGCTCCACCACGCTCAGGCAGGGGTGATCGGAGGAGGGGGTCGCTGATGGAG GCGCACGCGGTGGTGCTCGGTGAGAGACTGCCGGCGAGGACAACACACAGTCGATCATGTGCG CGATGGGAGAGAGAAAGTAGAAAGAAAGAGAGGCGAGTGCCTGAGAGAGAGGATAGAAGATAA GCCCCCCTCCTCCCTCCTTACGACTTACGTGTTGCAGCTTGAATGGTTGGGAGCATGCACGTGT TGACACGACCGGCGGACGACTCGGCCGGTGGGCCGGGTATAAACATTACCCGGGAGAAGAATT CTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTTCCTAGCAAATTGTCAACATGGATTGTGTATTTGTGTTCGTGGTTTGAAA AAAAGGGCCTAGCAGCAAGTACACACGAGATTAAAGGGAAAGCGGGGCGTCGTTTTTCACATGA TGAAAGGAGAAATGAAGACGGATGGGCCACGCGTCAGCGGCTGGGGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTA GTACCATCATCAAGCGGCACTGCACCGCGTCTACCAGGCAGCTCGTGAGCCAGGTCCACGCAG CGAATGAAAAAACAAACAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTCCCCTTGACGACGCC CGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCATCCACCCCCCCTCCCTTTATTCCTCCCAAAACCCCCACCCC CCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCGGGCGGGCTAGGGTTGGTTGGTTGCCCGCTG CCTCGCTCCCCGCCCATGGCGACGCCGACGGTCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGTGCTGCTCCG CCACCCCTCCCCCTCCTCCTCGGCGCGGCGCGGCAATGCCTCCGCCGGGAGCGCGCGGCGAG GCGCGGCGGTGCGCGCGCGGGTGGCGGGTGCCGCCGCGCCGGTGACCGAGGAACGCGGCAG GCAGCAGGAGCCCCCCGCCGCGCCGCCCGCCGTCGAGATCCCCGTCACGTGCTACCAGGTGA GCGAGCCCATCTTCTGCCGACGAATTCGAATTTCCCGGAAATGCGGCCCCCCGCCGTTACGGAT TGGTTGTGGATTTTGTCGCCGGAGTTCCTAGCCGTCGCCTCACGTTTTGATTTGGATTTGGACTG TACCGTCCCGAGATTTCGTGATTTCCCAGGCCGAAAGTGCCCGGAGGTCTAAAGCACCGTGTCC TCCTTTTTTTCTGACGGCACACCACGCAGATTCTGGGCGTCACGGAGAAGGCCGAGAAGGACGA GATCGTCAAGTCGGCCATCGAGCTGAGGAAGTCGGAGATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGGAGGT GTCCACCTGCAGACAGGTTGCCCGCTGAATTCAGTTCAGCAATTGCGTCAACACAGTGAATCAC ATGCATCCAGCACCTCGGTGTTTGACGTTGTGCTGCTTGTTGGGTTTCTGTCAGGCTCTGCTGCT GGACGTGAGGGACAAGCTTCTCTTCGAGCAGGAGTATGCAGGAAGCACCAGGGCCAAGGTCCC TCCCAGATCCTCTCTCCATATACCCTGGAGCTGGCTGCCTGCTGCCTTGTGTGTCTTGCAGGAG GTAATGTGCCACATAAACACCATCCAGTCAAAAGATTCATAAGTGCAGATGAAGGACAGTTACCA AGTTTGGTCCGTTTAAACCTAATCTAGGCCTTTCGTCTATACTGCACAGGATAGTCACTATCATGG

[0780] GCGTGCCCTGTTCTCAGAATTTCACCAAAACAGCTAGTAATATTTAATTGAACATTGACAGTAGTG

[0781] TTTCTTGTTTTCCTATCAAGGCAATTTGAAAAGTTACATGGTGTTTTAAGATTTATCTGTGTTTCTT

[0782] GAAAGGCTAATAAATAAAACAGTATTATTAAAACAGTATTATGACAACTCCATGGTCAATATCTAAA

[0783] GTGTTACTGCAAGGAACATGTAGAAATTAAACTATGCCCATCTTTGGACTAGGCAAGTGTGAAAT

[0784] ACTGAAATGTATGTCAATATCTGTAGTATTTGTTGTAAGGAGCATGTAGATACTGAATAATGCCCA

[0785] TCTTTTGGGCTAGATAGGTGTAAAATACTGAAATATGATCAATGATCACTTTGATGTTTGAGAGAT

[0786] TTAAGGGCTCAAGCAGGGAGAATCCTAGTAGCCTCTGTTCAATACAGTTGAATGTGAATGTCTTA

[0787] TAACCATGTACTGAAATGTTTCACATCTGTATCACATGGGATAGTCAATATCATGGGCATGCCCTG

[0788] TTCTCTGAAGGTTACCTCAACAGGAATTGGTTGAACATTTGTTTTTCTCATACAGGCGGTTTGGAA

[0789] ACTTATAGGCTGTGTAAGACTTATCTATGCTTTCTTGAACAAAATTATGAAATCTCCATGGTGAATA

[0790] TCTGTAGTATTACTGTAAGGAGCGTATAAACATTTATTTATACCCATCTTCCGGACTAGGTAGGTG

[0791] TAAAATACTTAAATGTGATTGGTGATCAGTTTGATCTTTGTGAGATTTAAAGGCTGAAGCATGGAT

[0792] TGTCCTAGTAGCCTCTGTTCATCACTGTTGAATGTGCTTGTCTTATCATAATGTACTGGTTTGTTT

[0793] GTTTATTGCAAGTGTAAGATACCACATGCCAGTATTGTTTGCAGGTTGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGGTT

[0794] TTGGACATTGGTCAGGCAGCTCTTCGACGTGCTGAGTCTAAGCCATATGCTCACGATGTACTTCT

[0795] TGCAATGGCACTAGCTGAAGTAAGTACTATGCATGATTAAAGTGATAAAAGCTGCTCGCTGCAAT

[0796] GTTTATTATGTACATCTTTGGCAATTTGGAATAATTCCATGCATTTTCCTGTAGTGCTCCATTGCAA

[0797] AAGCTAGCTTTGAAAAAAGTAAAGTATCTCTTGGCTTTGAGGCTCTAGCACGTGCTCAATATCTTT

[0798] TGAGGAAAAAACCATCTTTAGAGAAGATGCCTCTTCTTGAGCAGGTAACATGTTATTGCTTTCACC

[0799] TTACAGATTTGTCCATGTATGAAATCATGTCATAACTTCTCTTGTTGGGTGAACTAGATCGAAGAA

[0800] TCACTTGAAGAGCTTGCACCAGCTTGCACTCTAGAGGTTTTAAGCCTGCCCCGTACACCTGAAAA

[0801] TTCTGAACGCAGGCGAGGTGCTATTGCAGCTCTCTGTGAATTGCTTGGACAGGGACTTGATGTT

[0802] GAGTCATCTTGTAGAGTTCATGATTGGCCTTATTTCTTGGGCCAGGCAATGGACAAGTTATTAGC

[0803] CACTGAAATTGTGGAACTACTTTCTTGGGATTCTTTGGCTACAACTCGTAAAAACAAAAAATCATT

[0804] GGAGTCCCAGAGCCAGCGGGTGGTAGTTGACTTCAACTGCTTCTACAGGGCAATGCTTGCACAC

[0805] CTTGCGTCTGGATTTTCAACCCGGCAGACTGAGTTGGTACCTTTTTTCTTCTTCTTCTACTTGTAG

[0806] CCTATAGGAACCAAACTATCCTGTTTGCTGCTTTTCCATTCTTTAATTTACATTACCTCTGTGCAGA

[0807] TAAGTAAAGCTAAAACCATCTGCGAATGCTTAGTTGCATCTGAGAACACCGACCTGAAATTTGAG

[0808] GAATCTTTTTGCTCGTTTCTTCTCGGAGAGGTGATAAGCTAATCTCAATTTCTATAAATTTAGTAAT

[0809] GCACATTTGCACATTACTAGGACTAAAGGCTTGCTCTCAGGAATCTGGCGCCACAGTTTTCGACA

[0810] AGCTTCAGCAGCTTCAAAGTAATGGAAGTTCCAATTCAAGGAATTATGGGTTAGCTAAAAAGAAA

[0811] GACAGCAGTGACAAGGTTACTGTCAACCAGTCACTGGTATGTTGCATCTTGCGATGAGAGCAAAT

[0812] AAGTTGTACTATGCTATTCCCTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGACGTTTTTGCAGTTCAATTAGAACAAAT

[0813] AAGTTGTACTATGCTACTCCCTCTGTTCCTAAATATAAGACATTTTTGCAGATCAAAATGAAGGAT

[0814] ATATTTGTCTAAAGTTATTACTGTGCCTATGTTCTGTTGACACTATCTCATGCTTGACAACTTGTCT

[0815] TTACCAGGAACTGTGGCTGAAGGAGGTGGCACTTTCTCATTTTGCAGATACAAGAGATTGTCCGC

[0816] CATCCTTGGTTTGTGCCATGCTATTTTTAGTAATTGAATTCCTCATAACATTCTCTGTGGTTAATTT

[0817] AACCATCAATGTCATCTTATGACAGATCAACTTCTTTGCTGCTCCTAAGCGCCTCATTAGCACTTC

[0818] CAAGCAGAAACTAGGAGCCACGAGAAGAGTCCTTTTGAGCTCTCAGACGTCTTCTAGTGCCTCC

[0819] ACATGTAACAGAACTTCAGGGCAGCAGAATCCAAGATTAAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGGAAGC

[0820] TGTAAAGCAGCTTGCACCAACCACCCTGGGGGGCCAAGGCCATTCATCAACGGATAGGCCAGTA

[0821] AATGGTTTAAGTACAACATCTGTTCCTCTGAAGCGCAACCCTGGATCCCATCCTGTAAGAACCTT

[0822] GGAATCGTGGGGTCTGACTGGGGATGTTATCGGAAAAATCGCTTACACTGCAGTCCTGGGGTTT

[0823] GCCCTATTTGGTACATTGAAACTGCTCAGGTTTCAGTTTGGGAACGCAAAACCTGCCCCCTCAAC

[0824] TAGAGAATCTGCAGCCACATCTTCTCTGAATGAAGCATCTACATCAGATGGTTCTTTTATCAGTAG

[0825] CAGAGTTAGGGAACAGTTTGAGAAGCTGTCAAAAATGCTTTGGTTGAGCAACAGGCTCCACTTGA

[0826] GAAGCGAAAGAAGTGATTTGTCTCCTGGTTCTAGTGATGTGGCTGCTATAGCTCGCAAGGAAAG

[0827] GATGTCTCTTCAAGAAGCAGAAGCGCTTGTGAAGCAGTGGCAAGATATCAAGTCCGAAGCTCTT

[0828] GGCCCTGACTATGAAATCGATATGCTCTCCGAGGTCCTCGACGGTTCGATGCTGTCAAAGGTAA

[0829] GTTCCTTTCATCAAGCATGTAATGGCATATGGAGTTCATGCATGATTGTGTATGCAGTGCATAATC

[0830] AAATCAAATACCCTCTTGTTGAGCAGTGGCAAGACTTGGCTTTATCAGCAAAGGATCAGTCCTGC

[0831] TACTGGAGATTTGTTCTGTTGAATCTCTCTGTTGTCCGAGCCGAGATCCTGCTGGATGAGGCTGG

[0832] TGATGGTGAAGTGGCGGAAATCGATGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGCTGCTGAGCTTATTGACGACTCT

[0833] CAGCCCAAGAAGCCCAGTTACTACAGGTACTTCAGAACATGCCATTTCTGTCGGTTGCTCTTTCA

[0834] AATTCTGCTCTGGAATGACTGACGACTTGTTACTGTTATACTTGCAGTACGTATGAAGTTCAGTAC

[0835] TCACTGAGGAGGCAGGACGACGGATCGTGGAAAATCTGCGAGGCTGCTGTCCGGGACCTGTCG

[0836] TGATGTCTCTGCCAGAAGGACGGCTAACGCATCATCTCATAGGACACGGAGCAGCATCTAAACA

[0837] AAGTTCCAACATATTAGAAATCTATAGGTCACTAGCATTAGATCGCCATCGAACCAATTCGAATGC

[0838] ACGAAACCGTTCGATGATCTGCGTTGGGATGCTCTATCTAGCTGCTCGTGGTGACTTTGCATCAA GATTTGACACAAATACCCGCTGATTCGCTACGTTAGTACAGAATGCTAACCTACCTCTGCTGATTT CACATACCCTTAATTTCTTTCCGCTTACGTTGTTAGTTTGCGACATGTTGTCGGCCCTTGAGGTGC CCCGCGCGCGGTGTAACTGGATTGGTGTCTGCCATTGTTCATTGTTGAAAGATCAATGCAGTTTG CTTCATTTTGCCCCCTTTGTTTTGAGTTCTGAACACAGGCTTCATGATGATGATTCCCTTGTCCAC CCCTTTTGTTTTTGAGGTTTCCCCTTTGTTTAGGCTCCACAAGCTTGTACTTCAACTTTGAGATCC CTCTTGGATACGGTAGGAACATTATCATTGACCTTTGAGTTTTGGAATCAGATTTTTAGACATGGC AAATCGAACGTTT

[0839] SEQ ID NO: 28. Rye PARC6 promoter (-2kb upstream of ATG)

[0840] GCACTACACAACTAAAAATGCATCTCATCGATGCCGCCATGATGGTTTCGGCACATGAATGTCTC GTATGCAAGCATGCAAAAGGGAAGGATCTGAGCCAGAGAAAATCATGGAGCACCAAGGCGGCG TGGAGGGAAACACGACATGCAAATGGACGAACATGAACCGAATCTCATACACGACACACCTCAA AAGGCACACGTAGAGGCGGAGAAGGGTGGGGCTATGGGGCTGAGGCAAAATAGGTGGTGTGT GAGGGACTATAGCACAATGCTCGGTTGTACCAATATGGGGTAGAACCGCCCAACCTCACCCCAT CGTGAGGTCCGCAGATAGTGTTGACGTCCGACGTTCTTCAAGGAGCAAAGTGTGTGTCTCTGAG AAATTTATCTCGTGAAAGCAATGGACGTGCGTGATGGTGTTCCGCTGGCTTCTGAGATGGGTTTG AGCCTCATCATTGTATAGAGCCACACCGCAAAAGTGAGTGGCCGTGAAACCTGAGAAACATGAG CGCTCGAAAATCCCATGTATCCTTCTGAATCTGGATCGAAGCAACAATTTTGTAGAATTTTTATCC GCGTCATGTGGGGCGGGAAGCTAATGCGGCGGCCCACATGTGTGCAACAAAAGCTACAGAGAG TAGGAGAAAATGTCTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTTTCTAGCAAACTCCATGGTCGAAGCATTCCCGTCAC CTGCTTCCAACAATTCTCACATGGTTCACGTCGCCGTCAAGGCTGCAACACTGCGGTGGCCGTC TTTTACCAACATCGCAGCAAACTCCAATATTATCAAATAACATATCCACTAGTAGCAAGCTCTGAA ATGGTTGGTAGCAAAAATAAAATGTTGCCGCCGCCACGGCCAACACCGATGAATGTAGCAAAAAT TGTCTCCGATTCCAGCAAAATTCAAACACACTTTCAGCAAAAAAAACATCACCGCCATCACGACG AACACCGTCGTGATGGATGTATCAACAATTGACTCTGATTACAACAAAAATCAACACAGCTGCAG CTCCCACTCCCAACGGTTTCCAACTTTTTTTGTGTCGCCGGCAAGTGGAGACCACTGTTCCGGCA TTTGTGGGTGCTGGTTGTAGCACAGTGGGAGCCCGGGGGCGCGTCTTCTCGAGCGTTGACGGG TGTCGGTCGCAGCTTTCCAGCATCTCACATCGTTGTCGTAGCTTTTTCCAGCAAGGCTCGTTTGC ATCGCCGGTCAGCTCCACCACGCTCAGGCAGGGGTGATCGGAGGAGGGGGTCGCTGATGGAG GCGCACGCGGTGGTGCTCGGTGAGAGACTGCCGGCGAGGACAACACACAGTCGATCATGTGCG CGATGGGAGAGAGAAAGTAGAAAGAAAGAGAGGCGAGTGCCTGAGAGAGAGGATAGAAGATAA GCCCCCCTCCTCCCTCCTTACGACTTACGTGTTGCAGCTTGAATGGTTGGGAGCATGCACGTGT TGACACGACCGGCGGACGACTCGGCCGGTGGGCCGGGTATAAACATTACCCGGGAGAAGAATT CTTTGGCTTAATTTTGTTCCTAGCAAATTGTCAACATGGATTGTGTATTTGTGTTCGTGGTTTGAAA AAAAGGGCCTAGCAGCAAGTACACACGAGATTAAAGGGAAAGCGGGGCGTCGTTTTTCACATGA TGAAAGGAGAAATGAAGACGGATGGGCCACGCGTCAGCGGCTGGGGCGGCCCACCTGTCGTA GTACCATCATCAAGCGGCACTGCACCGCGTCTACCAGGCAGCTCGTGAGCCAGGTCCACGCAG CGAATGAAAAAACAAACAAAACCCGATCCATCTCGCCGGTCTCCGGCTTCCCCTTGACGACGCC CGCTGCCGCTGACGCTTTCTCCATCCACCCCCCCTCCCTTTATTCCTCCCAAAACCCCCACCCC CCGCGCATGGAGGCGCGCGCTCCGGAGACGCGGGCGGGCTAGGGTTGGTTGGTTGCCCGCTG CCTCGCTCCCCGCCC

[0841] KASP-markers for Ttparc6 genotyping.

[0842] SEQ ID NO: 29. Kasp Marker Kronos'! 256 wildtype gaaggtcggagtcaacggatt

[0843] SEQ ID NO: 30. Kasp Marker Kronos'! 256 wildtype genome specific sequence eg ag aag Ag tccttttg ag ctctC

[0844] SEQ ID NO: 31. Kasp Marker Kronos1256 mutant gaaggtgaccaagttcatgct

[0845] SEQ ID NO: 32. Kasp Marker Kronos1256 mutant genome specific sequence cgagaagAgtccttttgagctctT

[0846] SEQ ID NO: 33. Kasp Marker Kronos1256 common genome specific sequence g cctatccgttg atccctgg C SEQ ID NO: 34.Kasp Marker Kronos2369 wildtype gaaggtcggagtcaacggatt

[0847] SEQ ID NO: 35. Kasp Marker Kronos2369 wildtype genome specific sequence g cctatccgttg atccctgg C

[0848] SEQ ID NO: 36. Kasp Marker Kronos2369 mutant gaaggtgaccaagttcatgct

[0849] SEQ ID NO: 37. Kasp Marker Kronos2369 mutant genome specific sequence tgcaacataccagtgactA

[0850] SEQ ID NO: 38. Kasp Marker Kronos2369 common genome specific sequence

[0851] Cagcttcaaagtaatggaagttcca attcaagA

[0852] CRISPR Constructs (PAM sequences underlined)

[0853] SEQ ID NO:39 Wheat PARC6 target sequence 1 (also works in barley, rye)

[0854] GAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTCGG

[0855] SEQ ID NO: 40 Wheat PARC6 target sequence 2 (also works in rye)

[0856] GATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGAGG

[0857] SEQ ID NO: 41 Wheat PARC6 target sequence 3 (also works in barley, rye)

[0858] TCAGAATTTTCAGGTGTACGGGG

[0859] SEQ ID NO: 42 Wheat PARC6 target sequence 4 (also works in barley, rye)

[0860] AAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGGG

[0861] SEQ ID NO: 43 Wheat PARC6 protospacer sequence 1

[0862] GAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGT

[0863] SEQ ID NO: 44 Wheat PARC6 protospacer sequence 2

[0864] GATCGAAGACGGGTACACGG

[0865] SEQ ID NO:45 Wheat PARC6 protospacer sequence 3

[0866] TCAGAATTTTCAGGTGTACG

[0867] SEQ ID NO:46 Wheat PARC6 protospacer sequence 4

[0868] AAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCG

[0869] SEQ ID NO:47 tracrRNA sequence GUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGC

[0870] ACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUUUUU

[0871] SEQ ID NO: 48 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA-encoding nucleic acid sequence 1

[0872] GAAGGACGAGATCGTCAAGTGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTA

[0873] TCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT

[0874] SEQ ID NO: 49 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA-encoding nucleic acid sequence 2

[0875] GATCGAAGACGGGTACACGGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTA

[0876] TCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT

[0877] SEQ ID NO: 50 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA-encoding nucleic acid sequence 3

[0878] TCAGAATTTTCAGGTGTACGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTAT

[0879] CAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT

[0880] SEQ ID NO: 51 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA-encoding nucleic acid sequence 4

[0881] AAATTCTACCAGCCATCTCGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTAT

[0882] CAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT

[0883] SEQ ID NO: 52 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA RNA sequence 1

[0884] GAAGGACGAGAUCGUCAAGUGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCG

[0885] UUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUUUUU

[0886] SEQ ID NO: 53 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA RNA sequence 2

[0887] GAUCGAAGACGGGUACACGGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCG

[0888] UUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUUUUU

[0889] SEQ ID NO: 54 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA RNA sequence 3

[0890] UCAGAAUUUUCAGGUGUACGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCG

[0891] UUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUUUUU

[0892] 1 , 7-10, 15, 17, 22-25, 31 , 37, 44-45, 50, 56, 59, 63-64, 66, 71-72, 80, 90, 94, 97-103

[0893] SEQ ID NO: 55 Wheat PARC6 complete sgRNA RNA sequence 4

[0894] AAAUUCUACCAGCCAUCUCGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGU

[0895] UAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUUUUU

[0896] 4-5, 7, 16, 18, 22-25, 31 , 37, 44-45, 50, 56, 59, 63-64, 66, 71-72, 80, 90, 94, 97-103

[0897] SEQ ID NO: 56 Cas9 sequence

[0898] ATGGCTCCTAAGAAGAAGCGGAAGGTTGGTATTCACGGGGTGCCTGCGGCTGACAAGAAGTACT

[0899] CCATCGGCCTCGACATCGGCACCAACAGCGTCGGCTGGGCGGTGATCACCGACGAGTACAAGG

[0900] TCCCGTCCAAGAAGTTCAAGGTCCTGGGCAACACCGACCGCCACTCCATCAAGAAGAACCTCAT

[0901] CGGCGCCCTCCTCTTCGACTCCGGCGAGACGGCGGAGGCGACCCGCCTCAAGCGCACCGCCC

[0902] GCCGCCGCTACACCCGCCGCAAGAACCGCATCTGCTACCTCCAGGAGATCTTCTCCAACGAGAT

[0903] GGCGAAGGTCGACGACTCCTTCTTCCACCGCCTCGAGGAGTCCTTCCTCGTGGAGGAGGACAA

[0904] GAAGCACGAGCGCCACCCCATCTTCGGCAACATCGTCGACGAGGTCGCCTACCACGAGAAGTA CCCCACTATCTACCACCTTCGTAAGAAGCTTGTTGACTCTACTGATAAGGCTGATCTTCGTCTCAT CTACCTTGCTCTCGCTCACATGATCAAGTTCCGTGGTCACTTCCTTATCGAGGGTGACCTTAACC CTGATAACTCCGACGTGGACAAGCTCTTCATCCAGCTCGTCCAGACCTACAACCAGCTCTTCGA GGAGAACCCTATCAACGCTTCCGGTGTCGACGCTAAGGCGATCCTTTCCGCTAGGCTCTCCAAG TCCAGGCGTCTCGAGAACCTCATCGCCCAGCTCCCTGGTGAGAAGAAGAACGGTCTTTTCGGTA ACCTCATCGCTCTCTCCCTCGGTCTGACCCCTAACTTCAAGTCCAACTTCGACCTCGCTGAGGAC GCTAAGCTTCAGCTCTCCAAGGATACCTACGACGATGATCTCGACAACCTCCTCGCTCAGATTGG AGATCAGTACGCTGATCTCTTCCTTGCTGCTAAGAACCTCTCCGATGCTATCCTCCTTTCGGATAT CCTTAGGGTTAACACTGAGATCACTAAGGCTCCTCTTTCTGCTTCCATGATCAAGCGCTACGACG AGCACCACCAGGACCTCACCCTCCTCAAGGCTCTTGTTCGTCAGCAGCTCCCCGAGAAGTACAA GGAGATCTTCTTCGACCAGTCCAAGAACGGCTACGCCGGTTACATTGACGGTGGAGCTAGCCAG GAGGAGTTCTACAAGTTCATCAAGCCAATCCTTGAGAAGATGGATGGTACTGAGGAGCTTCTCGT TAAGCTTAACCGTGAGGACCTCCTTAGGAAGCAGAGGACTTTCGATAACGGCTCTATCCCTCACC AGATCCACCTTGGTGAGCTTCACGCCATCCTTCGTAGGCAGGAGGACTTCTACCCTTTCCTCAAG GACAACCGTGAGAAGATCGAGAAGATCCTTACTTTCCGTATTCCTTACTACGTTGGTCCTCTTGC TCGTGGTAACTCCCGTTTCGCTTGGATGACTAGGAAGTCCGAGGAGACTATCACCCCTTGGAAC TTCGAGGAGGTTGTTGACAAGGGTGCTTCCGCCCAGTCCTTCATCGAGCGCATGACCAACTTCG ACAAGAACCTCCCCAACGAGAAGGTCCTCCCCAAGCACTCCCTCCTCTACGAGTACTTCACGGT CTACAACGAGCTCACCAAGGTCAAGTACGTCACCGAGGGTATGCGCAAGCCTGCCTTCCTCTCC GGCGAGCAGAAGAAGGCTATCGTTGACCTCCTCTTCAAGACCAACCGCAAGGTCACCGTCAAGC AGCTCAAGGAGGACTACTTCAAGAAGATCGAGTGCTTCGACTCCGTCGAGATCAGCGGCGTTGA GGACCGTTTCAACGCTTCTCTCGGTACCTACCACGATCTCCTCAAGATCATCAAGGACAAGGACT TCCTCGACAACGAGGAGAACGAGGACATCCTCGAGGACATCGTCCTCACTCTTACTCTCTTCGA GGATAGGGAGATGATCGAGGAGAGGCTCAAGACTTACGCTCATCTCTTCGATGACAAGGTTATG AAGCAGCTCAAGCGTCGCCGTTACACCGGTTGGGGTAGGCTCTCCCGCAAGCTCATCAACGGTA TCAGGGATAAGCAGAGCGGCAAGACTATCCTCGACTTCCTCAAGTCTGATGGTTTCGCTAACAG GAACTTCATGCAGCTCATCCACGATGACTCTCTTACCTTCAAGGAGGATATTCAGAAGGCTCAGG TGTCCGGTCAGGGCGACTCTCTCCACGAGCACATTGCTAACCTTGCTGGTTCCCCTGCTATCAA GAAGGGCATCCTTCAGACTGTTAAGGTTGTCGATGAGCTTGTCAAGGTTATGGGTCGTCACAAG CCTGAGAACATCGTCATCGAGATGGCTCGTGAGAACCAGACTACCCAGAAGGGTCAGAAGAACT CGAGGGAGCGCATGAAGAGGATTGAGGAGGGTATCAAGGAGCTTGGTTCTCAGATCCTTAAGGA GCACCCTGTCGAGAACACCCAGCTCCAGAACGAGAAGCTCTACCTCTACTACCTCCAGAACGGT AGGGATATGTACGTTGACCAGGAGCTCGACATCAACAGGCTTTCTGACTACGACGTCGACCACA TTGTTCCTCAGTCTTTCCTTAAGGATGACTCCATCGACAACAAGGTCCTCACGAGGTCCGACAAG AACAGGGGTAAGTCGGACAACGTCCCTTCCGAGGAGGTTGTCAAGAAGATGAAGAACTACTGGA GGCAGCTTCTCAACGCTAAGCTCATTACCCAGAGGAAGTTCGACAACCTCACGAAGGCTGAGAG

[0905] GGGTGGCCTTTCCGAGCTTGACAAGGCTGGTTTCATCAAGAGGCAGCTTGTTGAGACGAGGCAG ATTACCAAGCACGTTGCTCAGATCCTCGATTCTAGGATGAACACCAAGTACGACGAGAACGACAA GCTCATCCGCGAGGTCAAGGTGATCACCCTCAAGTCCAAGCTCGTCTCCGACTTCCGCAAGGAC TTCCAGTTCTACAAGGTCCGCGAGATCAACAACTACCACCACGCTCACGATGCTTACCTTAACGC TGTCGTTGGTACCGCTCTTATCAAGAAGTACCCTAAGCTTGAGTCCGAGTTCGTCTACGGTGACT ACAAGGTCTACGACGTTCGTAAGATGATCGCCAAGTCCGAGCAGGAGATCGGCAAGGCCACCG CCAAGTACTTCTTCTACTCCAACATCATGAACTTCTTCAAGACCGAGATCACCCTCGCCAACGGC GAGATCCGCAAGCGCCCTCTTATCGAGACGAACGGTGAGACTGGTGAGATCGTTTGGGACAAG GGTCGCGACTTCGCTACTGTTCGCAAGGTCCTTTCTATGCCTCAGGTTAACATCGTCAAGAAGAC CGAGGTCCAGACCGGTGGCTTCTCCAAGGAGTCTATCCTTCCAAAGAGAAACTCGGACAAGCTC ATCGCTAGGAAGAAGGATTGGGACCCTAAGAAGTACGGTGGTTTCGACTCCCCTACTGTCGCCT ACTCCGTCCTCGTGGTCGCCAAGGTGGAGAAGGGTAAGTCGAAGAAGCTCAAGTCCGTCAAGG AGCTCCTCGGCATCACCATCATGGAGCGCTCCTCCTTCGAGAAGAACCCGATCGACTTCCTCGA GGCCAAGGGCTACAAGGAGGTCAAGAAGGACCTCATCATCAAGCTCCCCAAGTACTCTCTTTTC GAGCTCGAGAACGGTCGTAAGAGGATGCTGGCTTCCGCTGGTGAGCTCCAGAAGGGTAACGAG CTTGCTCTTCCTTCCAAGTACGTGAACTTCCTCTACCTCGCCTCCCACTACGAGAAGCTCAAGGG TTCCCCTGAGGATAACGAGCAGAAGCAGCTCTTCGTGGAGCAGCACAAGCACTACCTCGACGAG ATCATCGAGCAGATCTCCGAGTTCTCCAAGCGCGTCATCCTCGCTGACGCTAACCTCGACAAGG TCCTCTCCGCCTACAACAAGCACCGCGACAAGCCCATCCGCGAGCAGGCCGAGAACATCATCCA CCTCTTCACGCTCACGAACCTCGGCGCCCCTGCTGCTTTCAAGTACTTCGACACCACCATCGAC AGGAAGCGTTACACGTCCACCAAGGAGGTTCTCGACGCTACTCTCATCCACCAGTCCATCACCG GTCTTTACGAGACTCGTATCGACCTTTCCCAGCTTGGTGGTGATAAGCGTCCTGCTGCCACCAAA AAGGCCGGACAGGCTAAGAAAAAGAAGTAG

[0906] SEQ ID NO: 57 Csy4 endoribonuclease nucleic acid sequence ATGGACCACTACCTCGACATCAGGCTCAGGCCAGACCCAGAGTTCCCACCAGCCCAGCTCATGT

[0907] CCGTCCTCTTCGGCAAGCTCCACCAGGCCCTCGTGGCCCAGGGCGGCGACAGGATCGGCGTGT

[0908] CCTTCCCAGACCTCGACGAGTCCAGGTCCAGGCTCGGCGAGAGGCTCCGCATCCACGCCTCCG

[0909] CCGACGACCTCAGGGCCCTCCTCGCCAGGCCGTGGCTGGAGGGCCTCAGGGACCACCTCCAG

[0910] TTCGGCGAGCCAGCCGTGGTGCCACACCCAACCCCATACAGGCAAGTGTCCAGGGTGCAAGCC

[0911] AAGTCCAACCCAGAGAGGCTCAGGAGGAGGCTCATGAGGAGGCACGACCTCTCCGAGGAAGAG

[0912] GCCAGGAAGCGCATCCCAGACACCGTGGCCAGGGCCCTCGACCTCCCATTCGTGACCCTCAGG

[0913] TCCCAGTCCACCGGCCAGCACTTCCGCCTCTTCATCAGGCACGGCCCACTCCAGGTGACCGCC

[0914] GAGGAGGGCGGCTTTACCTGCTACGGCCTCTCCAAGGGCGGCTTCGTGCCGTGGTTC

[0915] SEQ ID NO: 58 Wheat U6 promoter

[0916] GACCAAGCCCGTTATTCTGACAGTTCTGGTGCTCAACACATTTATATTTATCAAGGAGCACATTGT

[0917] TACTCACTGCTAGGAGGGAATCGAACTAGGAATATTGATCAGAGGAACTACGAGAGAGCTGAAG

[0918] ATAACTGCCCTCTAGCTCTCACTGATCTGGGTCGCATAGTGAGATGCAGCCCACGTGAGTTCAG

[0919] CAACGGTCTAGCGCTGGGCTTTTAGGCCCGCATGATCGGGCTTTTGTCGGGTGGTCGACGTGTT

[0920] CACGATTGGGGAGAGCAACGCAGCAGTTCCTCTTAGTTTAGTCCCACCTCGCCTGTCCAGCAGA

[0921] GTTCTGACCGGTTTATAAACTCGCTTGCTGCATCAGACTTG

[0922] SEQ ID NO: 59 Maize Ubiquitin 1 promoter

[0923] TGCAGTGCAGCGTGACCCGGTCGTGCCCCTCTCTAGAGATAATGAGCATTGCATGTCTAAGTTAT

[0924] AAAAAATTACCACATATTTTTTTTGTCACACTTGTTTGAAGTGCAGTTTATCTATCTTTATACATATA

[0925] TTTAAACTTTACTCTACGAATAATATAATCTATAGTACTACAATAATATCAGTGTTTTAGAGAATCAT

[0926] ATAAATGAACAGTTAGACATGGTCTAAAGGACAATTGAGTATTTTGACAACAGGACTCTACAGTTT

[0927] TATCTTTTTAGTGTGCATGTGTTCTCCTTTTTTTTTGCAAATAGCTTCACCTATATAATACTTCATCC

[0928] ATTTTATTAGTACATCCATTTAGGGTTTAGGGTTAATGGTTTTTATAGACTAATTTTTTTAGTACATC

[0929] TATTTTATTCTATTTTAGCCTCTAAATTAAGAAAACTAAAACTCTATTTTAGTTTTTTTATTTAATAAT

[0930] TTAGATATAAAATAGAATAAAATAAAGTGACTAAAAATTAAACAAATACCCTTTAAGAAATTAAAAA

[0931] AACTAAGGAAACATTTTTCTTGTTTCGAGTAGATAATGCCAGCCTGTTAAACGCCGTCGACGAGT

[0932] CTAACGGACACCAACCAGCGAACCAGCAGCGTCGCGTCGGGCCAAGCGAAGCAGACGGCACG

[0933] GCATCTCTGTCGCTGCCTCTGGACCCCTCTCGAGAGTTCCGCTCCACCGTTGGACTTGCTCCGC

[0934] TGTCGGCATCCAGAAATTGCGTGGCGGAGCGGCAGACGTGAGCCGGCACGGCAGGCGGCCTC

[0935] CTCCTCCTCTCACGGCACCGGCAGCTACGGGGGATTCCTTTCCCACCGCTCCTTCGCTTTCCCT

[0936] TCCTCGCCCGCCGTAATAAATAGACACCCCCTCCACACCCTCTTTCCCCAACCTCGTGTTGTTCG

[0937] GAGCGCACACACACACAACCAGATCTCCCCCAAATCCACCCGTCGGCACCTCCGCTTCAAG

[0938] Starch granule initiation genes

[0939] SEQ ID NO: 60 BGC1-A genomic (hexapioid)

[0940] ATGCCCCCCTTCCTCCCCTCGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0941] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0942] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

[0943] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGCCGCCACCGCGTCTTCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCTACGGGCCGCAGCCC

[0944] TGCCGCGGCCGCGTCTGCGTCTGCGCCGCCTACAGGCCCCCGCCGCGGCAGCCCTACCGCCG

[0945] CCAGCCCGCCCCCGCCCCGGCCCCGCGCCCGCCCAATGCGCCCGCGCCGCCGCAGCGCGGC

[0946] CCGCGGGGCCAGGAGGAGCTCGAGGAGGCGATCTACGACTTCATGCGCCGCTCCGACAAGCC

[0947] CGGCGCCTTCCCCACCCGCGCCGAGCTCCTCGCCGCGGGGCGCGCCGACCTCGCCGCCGCC

[0948] GTCGAGTCCAGCGGAGGCTGGCTCTCCCTCGGATGGTCCTGGTCCTCCGACGACGACGCGCG

[0949] GCGGCCGGCTGCGTCAACGGCCGGCCCCGGCGTGCACCCTGAATACCCGCCCGAGGCGGGTC

[0950] CTTCTGGCCGACCGCCAAACTCGGCCGCGGATTCCGTAAGGTGGGTAACCGAGCCGCTCTGTA

[0951] ATGTAATGTGTCCCCCTCTGTTGATTGCTCTGCGACGACTTGCTGAATTCCGAGTGTTGCAGGGA

[0952] GCAGCAGGAACCGGCGCCGTCTGGGAGGCAGCCGGAGACGGAGGAGACAGAGTGGGTGCCTG

[0953] CTAAATCTCTTTTGAGTTATTTTGATTGATATATGCTGGTTCCTTATTGATTTTGCTTGTTGCTACG

[0954] TAATCGATTGCAGGGAGGCAGGGTCTGGGGCAGGCCTGGAGGGAATGCTCGCCAGGCTGCGG AGAGAGAGGGAGCGTGCGCGGCCACCGCCACGCAGCAAGAATCAAGCGGGAGGGCGAGGTCA AAATGGCGGTATGTGCAGCTTCGACTCTTGGCGTTCTATCGAAACATGTGTTGTTTTCAGTTGTG

[0955] CAACATGAGCATCTTCTTTGCAAACAGTTATATGTTTGTTGATAAGGGAACACCAACTTTTGCAAC CAATGAAACTTTGCATAGTATACAGCTCATTGTGCCATATTGTTTAGTTACAGCCCGTGGAAGGCT TAATGCTCTGCTGGATAAAATTAATGCTAAGCTCATGCCGGGCAGGAAGGAAGTGCCGCCGACA ATAGTTCATGCAAAAGCTGTCTGTTCTCACGGACCGGACTTCCCTTTCCCCCGACATATATAACT

[0956] AGCAGTGCAGTAGTTTAGCGCTTTCCATTTAAGGTTGCAAAGGGGACAAACATACCGTTTTTTGT

[0957] TCTATGTCGCTTTCTAAAAATAGAAGCGTGGCGTTAGAACTTTCTTTCTCATGATCCGACATATTT

[0958] TTTGTCGTCGTGCTACTGCTTAATGTAAAGTTGTTTGCACCTTGACAGCACTGCAATTATTTGAGT AATCGTGAATCTACAGAAGACTACCACATTATTTTGTTTGTGCCTTTTAATCATAGTAGTAATATGT TCTGTTACATACAACTGGTTTAGCTTTGTTATTACTCTGCCCATTTCAGCATTTGGTCCTTCCAAG CTAATGGCTTTTTTGTGTTAAATCTCTTACAATACACGGAGGATAATTCATTTTCTATTTCAAATAT

[0959] GCTGCTGTTAATAGTTGCCCCCTAACACCTAAATGAATTGAAGGGTCCATGCTCCCTAGATATAC ATGGTTGATTGAAGTTAGTAGACTCTGCGTTTTGCAAATATATTTACTAATTAATGACCGCTTTAAG ATTGACCATGTGTTTAGGTATTTTACTGATTTAGTGCACACGGATCATTTTCTCGGTACTCTATTA GTATCAACAGTAAAAAGTACACATTGTAAACTTTTGGCTGGAGACTCGGAGAGGAAAATTGAAAG

[0960] AGTTCCACCTTATATAATAGAAAATAGCGTTGGTTTGTTATTGATGGACAACTAATGGATATTTTTT

[0961] GTTAGAGAGCTTCTGGATAATTATGTATGTGAACCTTTATTCTGATGTACCATATACTTAATTTCTA

[0962] GCTGGTGTTTCTTCATTTGTATATTAATGATCATACTTCTGTGTTACATACATGCAGCTTTAATGAA

[0963] CCATAATGGAGCTCCTAGTCGAAGTCCAACTAATGGCATGTACACTCGAAGGATACCTGTGAATG

[0964] GAAATATACACCGCTCTCATTCTCAAAATGGAATACCAGAGGACAACAAATCAAGTAGTTCGGCC

[0965] AATGATGCATGGCGAACATGGTCTCTTGACAAGAGTCGGTTTTCTGATTTTGAAGGTTATATGATA

[0966] ACTTAACTTTCTTTCGTTGCGCATCATATCTGTTATGATTATTTCATAACATGTTTAATATGCTGAC

[0967] AGCCGCTGAGATCCATCCTTTGAGCAGAAAACCACCAAAACATGTTGACCTGAACACTGTGTTGA

[0968] TAGAAGATGATGTTCCTGGACCATCTAATGGTGTGGTTATAAATGATTATCCTAGTGATCATGTAG

[0969] ACTCTGAAAGAGATGAGATACATGCACGTTTTCAAAATTTGGAATTCGATCTTGCAGATTCTCTTA

[0970] AGACATTAAGATCAAGATTTGATGGAGTTTCGTCATATATGGTGTGTCTCGTCTCTCGTATCATCT TCTTTACTTATCTATCTTTTGTTGTGAAATACTGGTGGGATACGTGATCTTGAGATTTTAGTGTGGT TTTGCATTCAGTTTTCTTCACTTATGCATTTGTAAAGTTGTTTATGCATTGTACTAGACATGGCTCT GCTGTTCCTAACAAAACACACCTGAAGATGTGGTTCTGCTTGCTCTAATTTTCTCTTTATGCACTA

[0971] AACACTGTCTGCATCATACCCTCGCCCATCACTAGAAAAGTGCCATCTTTGGATGCATGCAGTCA

[0972] AATTTTTTGATTTTGACTAACACTGTAACAGTATCCTCATCAATATGCAGTCTGACAACATGAAAAT

[0973] GGTACAAGTTCATTTGCCAACGGAACAACTTCCATAAATTTTGATTTTATATCTGTAGATATTCACT GTATATCCACTATCTTTTCTTGCAATGTTGTGATTTCGCAACGCAAACAAATGACTATAGCTAATAA TATTCCCTTGCAATGCTGATTGCTGAATGTAGTTGTGTTCTCTACGAGGAAGTAGTTAGCTAGTC GCAAAATAAAAAGCACAGGTACGGAGACATGGACACAGCGATACGCCTAGGGGACACGGGATA

[0974] CGGCATTAAACAGCCATTCAGGGATACGGCGAGTATATATGAAAAAAATTAAAACATGCCATGTA

[0975] ATATAGAGTTAAAAAAATGAAGAGAAACTGAGATAAGATCAGAATACTGCCCCATTTCCATTTGTT

[0976] GTATTGTTTTTCAAGTGCTCAATGATTGAATTAATTGATCCTCTAGACCCATGTCATTGCAACTTG

[0977] CAAAATACATCAAATGCTAGTATTAGTCTATTAGAGAGTAGAGACTGGAGAAGACATGCAACAAA GGATGCAGGTGTAACTTTCACCCTCACCCATGGACGATTGGCCACCGGTGGTGGCGCTCCCAAA CGCCATGCTCCCTAACATCAAGCAACAATCAAAACAGCAGCACCAGGCACCAGCATGCAAGTGA

[0978] GCAGCAGCTCAAGAGCAAGCAGCAACGGCATGGACGCATGGGGAAGCAAGCAGCAGACTCAAC

[0979] AGCAAGAAATCGAGCAAAGATATGAAGAGGTTGAGAAGAGGCTGCTGGGGTTATCTGCTTGAGC

[0980] GTGGTTGCCATCGGGCGGTTGAGTCCAGGGGGCGGCGGTGATAGCGCGTTCGACTTGGAGCA

[0981] GCGTTCCTTTAGTGGCAAGCGTGTGTGCGACCTTGCAAAATAGGGTTTGTATCGGGCCAAGGCT

[0982] GTTATTGAGCTTCCTGTGTCCCCAACGTATTCCATACGTATCCCAGCTGTGTCTTTGTTTTTTCCT

[0983] TTCTTTAATTAGGAAATCAGGGGATACTGGGGGACACGCGTATCTTGGCATGTCCGGCCATATC

[0984] GCCGTGTCGCAACGAATTAGGACGGCAATTCGGCAGTTTCGGCCGTTTCCATGCTTTGTTGGTC GCAATGATTTAGTTTGCAAATTATTACACATTCTTGTTTTTAGAACCATTGTATTACTGGTAGGAAG

[0985] TTTCTGATTTTCGAGACTTGGCCCACGCTGATATGAAACTAAAACGATAATGGAAGATCTTGATGC

[0986] ATCTCATCTTGATTTTTCTAGAGGCAATATACTTGTTCTGAGCATCCATCTTTGCCCTTCCATTTTC

[0987] CAGTCAAATGGCGAAGAAGCAGATGTGGTAAATGGGTTCTCTGATGATTGGGAATTTGAAGAGA

[0988] CAAAAGTAATGCATGCCCAGGAAGAATTACGGACAATCCGTGCTAAAATAGCAGTATTAGAAGGC

[0989] AAGGTGGCGCTAGAAATAATGTATGGTCACTCACAATTGAATGTTGTTCATCTACGCTTTTTATTT TGTATCAATCTCTTTTATGACTTATTCTGTTGATATCAGTGAGAAGAACAAAATAATTGAAGAAAAG CAAACGAGGCTTGATGAAGTTGAGAAGGCTTTGAGTGAGCTCCGCACAGTATCTGTTGTATGGC

[0990] CCAATCCTGCTTCAGAAGTTCTATTGACCGGTTCTTTTGATGGGTGGACAAGCCAAGTAAGTGCA

[0991] TGTTCCTATTCTCTGCTTAATTAGTAAATATATAAACTTCAGTAACTAACTATAAAATGAGTGGCAG TTCGTGATTTCAATTTCTATCACTCTTTGGTGTTAGTTGTCAGGTGAATTCCATTGATTTATGTATT AAGTTGAATATTAATGAAGAGAGAAGCTGGATCTATTGCTGCTCTCCTAAGTTGTGTAAATGCAAT TTACTGCCAACACCTTATCATGTGCACAGTTAATTCATTTCTTAATGAGTGCAAAACAAACACAAT ACTCCCTCCGGTCCATATTACGGAGGGAGTACTTAATTTGATGTGGTTCACACACAAGTAAAGTA ACTTCAGGAACTAGCAACATGATAGTTACGAGAATGGTAGGGATCGAAGGCGCCCAAGTGCTTT GAAAGATGTTTATTACGTATATGTTTCTAGGAGTAAAGCAAGTTTTTAATCTGATTTTGGTTGTTGG TGCTGTTTTTGGCATAGGCACAATTGTGACAACACGTGTCCATAACTTTTGTGTTAGAAATACTAC GTGCTATTTGGATTTGGAAGTTTAGAAACATTGTTTTATATGCCAAAAGAAAAAGGAAAAGCACAT GGAATCTTCATATATTTGTTAATACTCCTTCCGTTCCTTTTTATGGCTTGTATTGGTTTGTTGGAAA GTCAAACTTTTCTCCCTTTGACCAAGTTTATAAAAGAATCAATGTATGCAATACTAAATACATAAAA TATGGAAATATTTTTCATGAAGGGTCTGATGATACTGATTTGGCATTGTAGATGTTGATACTTTTTT CTATATAAACTTGGTCAAAGATGGAAAAGGTGGACTTTAAAAAAACATCTTATAAAAAGGAACGGA GGGAGTATGTATTTATCATTTTATATTAAGTGGAAACTGAAGCAGCACAATTTTACAAGAGCTTCA CTAGGCAAGACCTAGCAACAAATATACTACCTCTGCAACTTTTTATAAGACATTTTTAGAGTCTAT GACAATGTGAAAAATGTCTCATATTAAGTTAGGGAGGGAGTATATCTTTATCTGGTACCTTTAGCT GAGATTTAGTCAGTTCCTAGGAGGATACTGGTCACATGACTGACATATCCAAAAGGATGTTCAGT AGTTCAAGCACATATAGGATAGGTACTAGATGTAGAAGCCTGAAGGACAACATTCTGCCATTATA GATCTTAGTTTCACTTTCATATGTATGGGGGTGCTGTTTAGTTTTATTTTGTATACATGATATTTGC ATTTCCATGGAGCACACAACACAATTCAGATCAGCCAGCAGAAGAATGTTAGTAGTACAAATCAA ATTTGGTTCTAGAGTAAGAAATATTACCTGTGTCCCAAATTACTTGTCTTAGATTTGTCTAGATAG

[0992] GGATGTACCTATCTAGACAAATCTAAGACAAGTAATTCAGGACGGAGGGAGTATGAATTTGTTAT GCCATTTCACCTCTCTTGTCGCTCCTTTGATATAACTTTCAAGATATTGAATATTTAAACATCTAAT TATATGAATGTCCATGGAATGTTGTCTGCTTTGGGCTGTGTACTGCAGGAAGTCTCTTTGTTACGT ACTCCCTCTGTACCGAAATACATGTCGCTGGAGTAGCAGTAAGTCAACTACTCCAGCGACATGTA TTTCGGTACAGAGGGAGTAATATATATAGCTCTGTGCTTGCCTGCTTAATCACACTCTGTTCCATG TGCCTATGACACGTTTTGTCATCTATCTACACATCATCATCGCTATCGTCTTATTCTTGAGTATAAT CAAACACTGGACTATTTCCTTTTTGTAGAGAAGGATGGAACAATCAGAAAGCGGCATTTTTTCGTA TAACCTGAGGTTGTATCCCGGTAGATATGAGGTAATGGCGTGCTATTCTGCTTTCATTGTCACTG CTTTCTCGTCATCTGATAGTGGGTGTTGGTTTGTGCTTCAGATTAAATTTATTGTTGATGGTGTTT GGAAGAACGACCCGCTGCGCCCTAGCGTGAACAACCATGGGAACGAAAACAACCTTATGATTGT CACTTGACCTGCATCCTTGTAGCAACTGTGTAGATTATAGATTGTCATCAACAATGATTGGTGCCA ACTGATTAGATCTCTTCTTTCTTCCGTGTAGCTTATCAGTTTTTCCTGCCTGTCGTTTCTTCATTAT TTCTTAGAGAGCCACGCACAACTTCAG

[0993] SEQ ID NO: 61 BGC1-B genomic (hexapioid)

[0994] GCCACCGCGTCTTCGCCGCCACCGCCGACGGGCCGCAGCCCTGCCGCGGCCGCGTCTGCGTC TGCGCCGCCTACATGCCCCCGCCGCGGCAGCCCTACCGCCGGCCCGCCCCCGCCCCGGCCCC GGCCCCGCGCCCGTCCAATGCGCCCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCGCAGCGCGGCCCTCGGGACCAG

[0995] GAGGAGCTCGAGGCGGCGATCTACGACTTCATGCGCCGCTCCGACAAGCCCGGCGCGTTCCCC ACCCGCGCCGAGCTCCTCGCCGCGGGGCGCGCCGACCTCGCCGCCGCCGTCGAGTCCAGCG GAGGCTGGCTCTCCCTCGGATGGTCCTGGTCCTCCGACGACGACGCGCGACGGCCGGCTGCG TCAACGGCCGGCCCCGGCGTGCACCCTGACTACCCGCCCGAGGCGGGTGCCTCTGGCCGAGC GCCGAATGCGACGGCGGATTCCGTAAGGTGGGTAACCGAGCCGCTCTGTAATGTAATGCGCCC CTCTGTTGATTGCTCTGCGACGACTTGCTGAATTCCGAGTGTTGCAGGGAGCAGCAGGAACCCA CGCCGTCTGGGAGGCAGCCAGAGACGGAGGAGACACAGTGGGTGCCTGCTAAATCTCTTTGGA GTTATTTTGATGATTGATATGTTGGTTCCTTATTGATTTTGCTTGTTGCTCCTTAATCGATTGCAGG GAGGCAGGGTCTGGGGCAGGCCTGGAGGGGATGCTCACCAGGCTGCGGAGAGAGAGGGAGC GTGCGCGGCCACCGCCACGCAGCAAGAATCGAGCGGGAGGGCAAGGTCAAAATGGCGGTACG TGCATTTTCAACTCTCGGCGTTCTATCGAAACATATCTTCTTTGCAAACAGTTATATGTTTGTTGAT AAGGTTTGCAACCAATGAAACTTTGCATAGCAAAGAGCTCATTGTTCCATATTGTTTAGTTACAGC CCGTGGAAGGCTTAAGACTCTGTTGGATAAAATTAATGCTAAGCTCATGCCGGGCAGGAAGGAA GTGCCGCCGCCGACAATAGTTCGTGCAAAAGCTGTCTTTCTCACAGGCCGGACTTCCCTTTCCC CCGACATATATAACTTGCAGTGCAGTAGTTTAGCGCTTTCCATTTAAGGTTGCAAAGGGGACAAA CGTACCGTTTTTTGTTCTATGTCGCTTTCTAAAAATAGAAGCGTGGCATTAGAACTTTATTTCTCAT GATCCGACATATTTTTTGTCGTCGTGCTACTGCTTAATGTAAAGTTGTTTGCACCTGGACAGCACT GCAATTATTTGTGTAATTGTGAATCTACGTAAGACTACCACATTATTTTGTTTGTGCCTTTTAATCA

[0996] TAGTGGTAATATGTTCTATTACATACAACTGGTTTAGCTTTGTTATTACTCTGCCCATTTCAGCATT TGGTCCTTCCAAGCTAATGGCCTTTTTGTGTTAAATCTCTTACAATACATGGAGGATAATTCATTTT CCATTTCAAATATGCTCTGTTAATAGTTGCCCCTGAATTGAAGGGTCCATGCTCCCTAGATATACA TGGTTGATTGAAGTTAGTAGACTGCGATTTGCAAATATATTTACTAATTAAGGACCGCTTTAAGAT TGACCATGTGTTTAGGTATTTTACTGATTTAGTGCACAGGGATCATTTTCTCGGTACTCTATTAGT ATCAACAGTAAAAAGTACACATTGTGAACTTTTGGCTGGAGACTCAGAGAGGAAAATTGAAAGAG TTCCACCTTATATAATAGAAAATAGCATTGGTTTGTTATTGATGGAATGGATAATTTTTGTTAGAGA GCTTCTGGGTAATTATGTATGTGAACCTTTATTCTGATGTACCAAATACTTAATTTCTAGCTAGTGT TTCTTCATTTGTATATTAATAATCATACTTCTGTGTTACATACATGCAGCTTTAATGAACCATAATG GAGCTCCTAGTCGAAGTCCAACTGATGGCATGTACACTCGAAGGATACCTGTGAATGGAAATATA CATCGCTCTCATTCTCAAAATGGAATACCAGAGGACAACAAATCAAGTAGTTCAGCCAATGATGC ATGGCGAACATGGTCTCTTGACAAGAGTCGGTTTTCTGATTTTGAAGGTTATATGATAACTTAACT TTCTTTTGTTGCGCATCATATCTGTTATGATTATTTCATAACATGTTTAATATGCTGACAGCCGCTG AGATCCATCCTTTGAGCAGAAAACCACCAAAACGTGCTGACCTGGACACTGTGTTGATAGAAGAT GATGTTCCCGGACCATCTAATGGTGTGGTTATAAATGATTATCCTAGTGATCATGTAGACTCTGAA AGAGATGAGATACATGCACGTTTTCAAAATTTGGAATTCGATCTTGCAGATTCTCTTAAGACATTA AGATCAAGATTTGATGGAGTTTCGTCATATATGGTGTGTCTCGTATCATCTTCTTTACTTATCTATC TTTTGTTGTGAAATACTGGTGGGATACGTGATCTTGAGATTTTAGTGTGGTTTTGCATTCAGTTTT CTTCACTTATGCATTTGTAAAGTTGTTTATGCATTGTACTAGACATGGCTCTGCTGTTCCAAACAA AACACACCCGAAGATATGGTTCTGCTTGCTCTAATTTTCTCTTTATGCACTTAACACTGCCTGCAT CATACCCTCGCCCATCACTAGAAAAGTGCCATCTTGGGATGCATGCAGTCAAATTTTTTGATTTTG ACTAACACTGTAACAGTATCCTCATCAATATGCAGTCTGACATGAAAATTGTACGAGTTCATTTGC CAACGGAATAACTTCCATAAATTTTGATTTTATATCTGTAGATATTCACTGTATATCCCCTATCTTTT CTTGCAATGTTGTGATTTCGCAAGGCAAACAAATGATTATAGCTAATAATATTCCCTTGCAGTGCT GATTGCTGAATGTAGTTGTGTTCTCTACGAGGAAGTAGTTGGCTAGTCGCAATCTAAAAAGCACA GATACGGAGACATGGACACGTCGATACGCCTACGGGACACGGGATACGGCATTTTCCAAAAACA GCCATTCAGGGATACGGCGAGTATATATGGAAAAAATTAAAACATGCCATGTAATATAGAGTTAAA AACAAAAAAAATGAAGAGAAACTGAGATAAGATCAGAATACTGCCCCATTTCCATTTGTTGTATTG TTTTTCAAGTGCTTAATGATTGAATTAATTGATCCTCTAGACCCATGTCATTGCAACTTGCAAAATA CATCAAATGCTAGTATTAGTCTGTTAGAGAGTAGAGACTGGAGAAGACATGCAACAAAGGATGCA GGTGTAACTTTCACCCTCACCCACGGACGTTGGCCACCGGCGGTGGTGCTCCCAGACACCATG CTCCCTAACGTCAAGCAACAATCAAAACAGCAGCACCAGGCACCAGCATGCAAGTGAGCAGCAG CTCAAGAGCAAGCAGCAACGGCATGGACGCATGGGGAAGCAAGCAGCAGACTCAACAGCAAGA AATCGAGCAAAGATATGAAGAGGTTGAGGCTGCTGGGGTTATCTGCTCGAGCGTGGTTGCCATC GAGTGGTTGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTGGAGCAGCGTTCCTTTAGTGG CGACCGTGTGTGCGACCTTGCAAAATAGGGTTTGTATCGGGCCGAGGCTGTTATTGAGCTTCCT GTGTCCCCAACGTATTCCATACGCATCCCAGCTGTGTCTTTGTTTTTTTTTCCTTTTTTTTAATTAG GAAATCAGGGGATACTGGGGGACACGCGTATCCCAGCATGTCCGGCCGCTTCGCCGTGTCCCA CCGAATTAGGATGGCAATTCGGCAGTTTTGGCCATTTCCATGCTTTGTAGGTCGCAATGATTTAG

[0997] TTTGCAAATTATTACACACTCTTGTTATTTAGAACCATCGTATTACTGGTAGGAAGTTTCTGATCTT CGAGATTCAGCCGACGCTGATATGAAACTAAAATGATAATGGAAGATCTTGATGCATCTCATTTTG ATTTTTCTAGAGGTAATATACTTGTTCTGAGCATCCATCTTTGCCCTTCCATTTTCCAGTCAAATGG CGAAGAAGCAGATGTGGTAAATGGGTTCTCTGATGATTGGGAATTTGAAGAGACAAAAGTAATGC ATGCCCAGGAAGAATTACGGACAATCCGTGCTAAAATAGCAGTATTAGAAGGCAAGGTGGCGCT CGAAATAATGTATGGTCACTCACAATTGAATGTTGATCATCTACGCTTTTTATTTTGTATCAATCTC TTTTATGACTTATTCTGTTGATATCAGTGACAAGAACAAAATAATTGAAGAAAAGCAAACGAGGCT TGATGAAGTTGAGAAGGCTTTGAGTGAGCTCCGCACAGTATCTGTTGTATGGCCCAATCCTGCTT CAGAAGTTCTATTGACCGGTTCTTTTGATGGGTGGACAAGCCAAGTAAGTGCATGTTCCGATTGT CTGCTTAATTAATAAATATATAAACTTCACTAACTAACTACAAAATGGGTGGCAGTTCATGATTTCA ATTTCTATCACCCTTTGGTGTTAGTTGTCAGGTGAATTCCATTGATTTATGTATTAAGTTGAATACT ATTGAAGAGAGAAGCCGGTTCTATTGCTGCTCTCCTAAGTTGTGTAAATGCAATTTACTGCCAAC ATCTTCTCATGTGCACAGTTAATTCATTTATTAATGAGTGCAAAACAAGCACATATAAATTAGATGC AGCAAGTTACATGGAAACCTCATCTTAGGGAACATACTCCCTCCGATCCATATTACAGAGGGAGT ACTTAGTTTGATGTGGTTCACACACAAGTAAAGTAACTTCAGGAACTAGCAACATGGTAGTTACG AGAATGGTAGGGATCAAGGCACCAAGTGCTTTGAAAGATGTTTATTACGTATATGTTTCTAGGAG TAAAGCAAGTTTTTAATCTGATTTTGGTTGTTGGTGCTGTTTTTGGCATAGGCACAATTGTGATGA CACGTGTCCATAACTTTTGTGTTAGAAATACTACGTGCTATTTGGATTTGAAAGGTTAGAAACATT GTTTTATATGCCAAAAGAAAAAAGGAAAAGCACATGGAATCTTCATAAATTTGTTAATACTCCTTC

[0998] CGTTCCTTTTTATGACTTGTATTGGTTTGTTGGAAAGTCAAACTTTTTTACCTTTGACCAAGTTTAT

[0999] AAAAAGTCAATGTATGCAATACTAAATACATAAAATATGGAAATATTTTTCATGAAGGGTCTGATGA

[1000] TACTCATTTGGCATTGTAGATGTTGATAATTTTTTCTATATAAACTTCGTCAAAGATAGAAAAGGTG

[1001] GACTTAAAAAAACATCTTATAAAAAGGGACGGAGGGAGCATGTATTTATCATTCTATATTAAGTGG

[1002] AAACTGAAGCAGCACAATTTTACAAGAGCTCACTAGGCAAGACCTATCAACAAATATACTACCTCT

[1003] GCAACTTTTTATAAGACATTTTTAGAGTCTATGACAATGTGAAAAACGTGTTATATTAAGTTACGGA

[1004] GGGAGTATGTCTTTATCTGGTACCTTTAGCTGAGATTTAGTCAGTTCCTAGGAGGATACTGGTCA

[1005] CATGACTGACATATCCAAAAAGATGTTCTTCAGTTCGAGCACATATAGGATAGGTACTAGATGTA

[1006] GAAGCCTGAAGGACAACATTCTGCCATTATAGATCTTAGTTTCACTTCCATATGTATGGGGGTGC

[1007] TGTTTAGTTTTGTCATCTATCTATATATCGTTGTCGCTATCGTCTTATTCTTGAGTATAATCAAACA

[1008] CTGGACTTTTTCCTTTTTTGTAGAGAAGGATGGAACAATCAGAAGGAGGCATTTTTTCGTATAACC

[1009] TGAGGTTGTATCCTGGTAGATATGAGGTAATGGCGCGCTATTCTTACTTCACTGTCACTTCTTTCA

[1010] CTTCATCTGATAGTGGGTGTTGGTTTGTGCTTCAGATTAAATTTATTGTTGATGGTGTTTGGAAGA

[1011] ACGACCCGCTGCGCCCTACTGTGAACAACAATGGGAACGAAAACAACCTTATGATTGTCACTTGA

[1012] SEQ ID NO: 62 BGC1-D genomic (hexapioid)

[1013] ATGCGCCGCTCCGACAAGCCCGGCGCGTTCCCCACCCGCGCCGAGCTCCTCGCCGCGGGGCG

[1014] CGCCGACCTCGCCGCCGCCGTCGAGTCCAGCGGAGGCTGGCTCTCCCTCGGATGGTCCTGGT

[1015] CCTCCGACGACGACGCGCGGCGGCCGGCCGCGTCGTCGGCCGGCCCCGGCGTGCACCCTGA

[1016] CTACCCGCCCGAGGCGGGTCCTTCTGGCCGACCGCCAAACTCGGCGGCGGATTCCGTAAGGTG

[1017] GGTAACCGAGCCGCTCTGTGATGTGTAATGTACCCCTCTGTTGATTGCTCTGCGACGACTTGCT

[1018] GAATTCCGAGTGTTGCAGGGAGCAGCAGGAACCGACGCGGTCTGGGAGGCAGCCGGAGACGG

[1019] AGGAGACAGAGTGGGTGCCTGCTAAATCTCTTTTGAGTTATTTTGATTGATATGTTGGTTCCTTAT

[1020] TGATTTTGCTTCTTGCTCCGTAATCGATTGCAGGGAGGCAGGGTCTGGAGCAGGCCTGGAGGGA

[1021] ATGCTCGCCAGGCTGCGGAGAGAGAGGGAGCGTGCGCGGCCACCGCCACGCAGCAAGAATCA

[1022] AGCGGGAGGGCAAGGTCAAAATGGCGGTACGCGCATTTTCGATTCTCCGCGTTCTATCGAAACA

[1023] TGTGTTGTTTTCAGTTGTGCAGCATGAGCATCTTCTTTGCAAACAGTTATATGTTTGTTGATAAGG

[1024] TAACACCAACTTTTGCAACCAATGGAACTTTGCATAGCATAGAGCTCATTGTGCCATAATGTTTAG

[1025] TTACAGCCCGTGGAAGGTGGCTTAACGCTCTGCTGGATAAAATTAATGCTAAGCTCATGCCGGG

[1026] CAGGAAGGAAGTGCCGTTGACAATAGTTCATGCAAAAGCTGTCTGTTCTCACGGACCGGACTTC

[1027] CCTTTCCCCTGACATATATAACTAGCAGTTCAGTAGTTTAGCGCTTTCCATTTAAGGTTGCAAAGG

[1028] GGACAAACGTACCGTTTTTTGTTCTATGTCGCATTCTAAAAATAGAAGTTTGGCATTAGAACTTTA

[1029] TTTCTCATGATCCGACATATTTTTTGTCGTCGTGCTACTGCTTGATGTAAAGTTGTTTGCACCTTG

[1030] ACAGCACTGCAATTATTTGAGTAATCGTGAATCTACGGAAGACTACCACATTATTTTGTTTGTGCC

[1031] TTTTAATCATAGTAGTAATATGTTCTGTTACATACAACTGGTTTAGCTTTGTTATTACTCTGCCCAT

[1032] TTCAGCATTTGGTCCTTCCAAGCTAATGGCCCTTTTGTGTTAAATCTCTTACAATACATGGAGCAT

[1033] AATTCATTTTCCATTTCAAATTGCCTCTGTTAATAGTTGCCCCCTAACACCTAAATGAATTGAAGG

[1034] GTCCATGCTCCCTAGATATACATGGTTGATTGAAGTTAGTAGACTCTGCGATTTGCAAATATATTT

[1035] ACTAATTAAGGACCGCTTTAAGATTGACCATGTGTTTAGGTATTTTACTGATTTAGTGCACACGGA

[1036] TCATTTTCTCGGTACTCTATTAGTATCAACAGTAAAAAGTACACATTGTAAACTTTTGGCTGGAGA

[1037] CTCAGAGAGGAAAATTGAAAGAGTTCCACCTTATATAATTGAAAGAGTAGAAAATAGTGTTGGTTT

[1038] GTTATTGATGGACAACTAATGGATAATTTTTGTTAGAGAGCTTCTGGATAATTATGTATGTGAACC

[1039] TTTATTCTGATGTACCATATACTTAATTTCTAGCTGGTGTTTCTTCATTTGTATATTAATGATCATAC

[1040] TTCTGTGTTACATACATGCAGCTTTAATGAACCATAATGGAGCTCCTAGTCGAAGTCCAACTGATG

[1041] GCATGTACACTCGAAGGATACCTGTGAATGGAAATATACATCGCTCTCATTCTCAAAATGGAATA

[1042] CCAGAGGCCAACAAATCAAGTAGTTCGGCCAATGATGCATGGCGAACATGGTCTCTTGACAAGA

[1043] GTCGGTTTTCTGATTTTGAAGGTTATATGATAACTTAACTTTCTTTTGTTGCACATCATATCTTATG

[1044] ATTATTTCATAACATGTTTAATATGCTGACAGCCGCTGAGATCCATCCTTTGAGCAGAAAACCACC

[1045] GAAACGTGCTGACCTGGACACTGTGTTGATAGAAGATGATGTTCCCGGACCATCTAATGGTGTG

[1046] GTTATAAATGATTATCCTAGTGATCATGTAGACTCTGAAAGAGATGAGATACATGCACGTTTTCAA

[1047] AATTTGGAATTCGATCTTGCAGATTCTCTTAAGACATTAAGATCAAGATTTGATGGAGTTTCGTCA

[1048] TATATGGTGTGTCTCGTATCATCTTCTTTACTTATCTATCTTTTGTTGTGAAATACTGATGGGATAC

[1049] GTGATCTTGAGATTTTAGTGTGGTTTTGCATTCAGTTTTCTTCACTTGTGCATTTGTAAAGTTGTTT

[1050] ATGCATTGTACTAGACATGGCTCTGCTGTTCCTAACAAAACACACCCGAAGATATGGTTCTGCTT

[1051] GCTCTAATTTTCTCTTTATGCACTTAACACTGCCTGCATCATACCCTCGCACATCACTAGAAAAGT

[1052] GCCATCTTGGGATGCATGCAGTCAAATTTTTTGATTTTGACTAACACTGTAACAGTATCCTCATCA

[1053] ATATGCAGTCTGACAACATGAAAACGGTACAAGTTCATTTGCCAACGGAACAACTTCCATAAATTT

[1054] TGATTTTATATCTGTAGATATTCACTGTATATCCCCTATCTTGTCTTGCAATGTTGTGATTTCGCAA

[1055] CGCAAACAAATGATTATCGCTAATAATATTCCCTTGCAGTGCTGATTGCTGAATGTAGTTGTGTTC TCTACGAGGAAGTAGTTAGCTAGTCGCGATATAAAAAGCACAGATACGGAGACATGGACACGGC

[1056] GATACGCCTAGGGGACACGGGATACGGCATTAAACAGCCATTCAGGGATACGGCGAGTATATAT

[1057] GAAAAAAATTAAAACATGCCATGTAATATAGAGTTAAAAAAATGAAGAGAAACTGAGATAAGATCA

[1058] GAATACTGCCCCATTTCCATTTGTTGTATTGTTTTTCAAGTGTTCAATGACTGAATTAATTGATCCT

[1059] CTAGACCCATGTCATTGCAACTTGCAAAATACATCAAATGCTAGTATTAGTCTATTAGAGAGTAGA

[1060] GACTGGAGAAGACATGCAACAAAGGATGCAGGTGTAACTTTCACCCTCACCCACGGACGATTAG

[1061] CCACCGGCAGTGGCGCTCCCAAACGCCATGCTCCCTAACATCAAGCAACAATCAAAACAGCAGA

[1062] ACCAGGCACCAGCATGCAAGTGAGCAGCAGCTCAAGAGCAAGCAGCAACGGCATGGACGCATG

[1063] GGGAAGCAAGCAGCAGACTCAACAGCAAGAAATCGAGCAAAGATATGAAGAGGTTGAGAAGAG

[1064] GCTGCTGGGGTTATCTGCTCGAGCGTGGTTGTCATCGGGCGGTTGAGTCCAGGGGGCGGTGGC

[1065] GATAGCGCGTTCGACTTGGAGCAGCGTTCCTTTAGTGGCAAGCGTGTGTGCGACCTTGCAAAAT

[1066] AGGGTTTGTATCGGGCCGAGGCTGTTATTGAGCTTCCTGTGTCCCCAACGTATTCCATACGTATC

[1067] CCAGCTGTGTCTTTGTTTTTCTCCTTTCTTTAATTAGGAAATCAGGGGATACTGGGGGACACGCG

[1068] TATCCCGGCATGTCCGGCCATATCGCCGTGTCGCACCGAATTAGGACGGCAATTCGGCAGTTTC

[1069] GGCCGTTTCCATGCTTTGTTGGTCGCAATGATTTAGTTTGCAAATTATTACACATTCTTGTTTTTTA

[1070] GAACCATTGTATTACTGGTAGGAAGTTTCTGATTTTCGAGACTCGGCCGACGCTGATATGAAACT

[1071] AAAACGATAATGGAAGATCTTGATGCATCTCATCTTGACTTTTCTAGAGGCAATATACTTGTTCTG

[1072] AGCATCCATCTTTGCCCTTCCATTTTCCAGTCAAATGGCGAAGAAGCAGATGTGGTAAACGGGTT

[1073] CTCTGATGATTGGGAATTTGAAGAGACAAAAGTAATGCATGCCCAGGAAGAATTACGGACAATCC

[1074] GTGCTAAAATAGCAGTATTAGAAGGCAAGGTGGCGCTTGAAATAATGTATGGTCACTCACAATTG

[1075] AATGTTGATCATCTACGCTTTTTATTTTGTATCAATCTCTTTTATGACTTATTCTGTTGATATCAGTG

[1076] AGAAGAACAAAATAATTGAAGAAAAGCAAACGAGGCTTGATGAAGTTGAGAAGGCTTTGAGTGAG

[1077] CTCCGCACAGTATCTGTTGTATGGCCCAATCCTGCTTCAGAAGTTCTATTGACCGGTTCTTTTGAT

[1078] GGGTGGACAAGCCAAGTAAGTCCATGTCCCAATTCTCTGCTTAATTAATAAATATATAAACTTCAC

[1079] CAAGTAACTACAAAATGGGTGGCAGTTCATGATTTCAATTTCTATCACTCTTTGGTGTTAGTTGTC

[1080] AGGTGAATTCCATTGATTTATGTATTAAGTTGAATATTAATGAAGAGAGAAGCTGGTTCTATTGCT

[1081] GCTCTCCTAAGTTGTGTAAATGCAATTTACTGCCAACACCTTATCATGTGCACAGTTAATTCATTT

[1082] CTTAATGAGTGCAAAACAAACACATACAGCAAGTTATATGGAAACCTGCATCTTAGGGAACATACT

[1083] CCCTCCAGTCCATATTACAGAGGGGGTACTTAATTTGATGTGGTTCACACACAAGTAAAGTAACT

[1084] TCAGGAACTAGCAACATGGTAGTTACGAGAATGGTAGGGATCGAAGGCGCCAAGTGCTTTGAAA

[1085] GATGTTTATTACGTATATGTTTCTAGGAGTAAAGCAAGTTTGTAATCTGATTTTGGTTGTTGGTGC

[1086] TGTTTTTGGCATAGGCACAATTGTGATGACACGTGTCCATAACCTTTGTGTTAGAAATACTACGTG

[1087] TTATTTGGATTTGAAAGGTTAGAAACATTGTTTTATATGCCAAAAGAAAAAGGAAAAGCACATGGA

[1088] ATCTTCATATATTTGTTAATACTCCTTCCATTCCTTTTTATGACTTGTATTGGTTTGTTGGAAAGTCA

[1089] AGCTTTTCTACCTTTGACCAAGTTTATAAAAAAAAATCAATGTATGAATACTAAATACATACAATAT

[1090] GGAAATATTTTTCATGAAGGGTCTGATGATACTGATTTGGTATTGTAGATATTGATACTTTTTTCTA

[1091] TATAAACTTGGTCAAAGATGGAAAAGGTGGACTTTAAAAAAACATCTTATAAAAAGGAACGGAGG

[1092] GAGTATGTATTTATCATTTTATATTAAGTGGAAACTGAAGCAGCACAATTTTACAAGAGCTTCACTA

[1093] GGCAAGACCTAGCAACAAATATACTACCTCTGCAACTTTTTATAAGACATTTTTAGAGTCTATGAC

[1094] AATGTGAAAAACGTTTCATATTAAGTTAGGGAGGGAGCATATCTTTATCTGGTACCTTTAGCTGAG

[1095] ATTTAGTCAGTTCCTAGGAGGATACTGGTCACATGACTGACATATCCAAAAAGATGTTCTTCAGTT

[1096] CGAGCACATATAGGATAGGTACTAGATGTAGAAGCCTGAAGGACAACATTCTGCCATTATAGATC

[1097] TTAGTTTCACTTCCATATGTATGGGGGTGCTGTTTAGTTTTATTTTGTATACATGATATTTGCATTT

[1098] CCATGGAGCACACAGCACAATTCAGATCAGCCAGCAGAAGAATGTTAGTAATACAAATCAAATTT

[1099] GGTTCTAGAGTAAGAAATATTACCTGCGTCCCAAATTACTTGATCTAAGACAAGTAATTCGGGAC

[1100] GGATGGAGTATGAATTTGTTATGCCATTTCACCTCTCTTGTCGCTCCTTTGATATAACTTTCAAGA

[1101] TATTGAATAATTAAACATCTAATTGTATGAATGTCCATGGAATGTTGTCTGCTTTGGGCTGTGTAC

[1102] TGCAGGAAGTCTCTCTGTTAATATATATAGCTCTGTGTTTGCCTGCTTAATCACATTCTGTTCCAT

[1103] GTCATGCCTATGACACGTTTTGTCATCTATACATCGTCATCGCTATCGCCTTATTCTTGAGTATAA

[1104] TCAAACACTGGACTATTTTCCTTTTTGTAGAGAAGGATGGAACAATCAGAAAGCGGCATTTTTTCG

[1105] TATAACCTGAGGTTGTATCCCGGTAGATATGAGGTAATGGCGTGCTACTCTGCTTCCATTGTCAC

[1106] TACTTTCACATCATCTGATAGTGGGTGTTCGTTTGTGCTTCAGATTAAATTTATTGTTGATGGTGTT

[1107] TGGAAGAACGACCCGCTGCGCCCTACCGTGAACAACCATGGGAACGAAAACAACCTTATGATTG

[1108] TCACTTGA

[1109] SEQ ID NO: 63 BGC1-A protein (hexapioid)

[1110] MPPFLPSLPLPALTLSLPLPPAPAPRRHRVFAAAAAYGPQPCRGRVCVCAAYRPPPRQPYRRQPAP

[1111] APAPRPPNAPAPPQRGPRGQEELEEAIYDFMRRSDKPGAFPTRAELLAAGRADLAAAVESSGGWLS

[1112] LGWSWSSDDDARRPAASTAGPGVHPEYPPEAGPSGRPPNSAADSVREQQEPAPSGRQPETEETE

[1113] EAGSGAGLEGMLARLRRERERARPPPRSKNQAGGRGQNGALMNHNGAPSRSPTNGMYTRRIPVN GNIHRSHSQNGIPEDNKSSSSANDAWRTWSLDKSRFSDFEAAEIHPLSRKPPKHVDLNTVLIEDDVP GPSNGWINDYPSDHVDSERDEIHARFQNLEFDLADSLKTLRSRFDGVSSYMSNGEEADWNGFSD DWEFEETKVMHAQEELRTIRAKIAVLEGKVALEIIEKNKIIEEKQTRLDEVEKALSELRTVSVVWPNPAS EVLLTGSFDGWTSQRRMEQSESGIFSYNLRLYPGRYEIKFIVDGVWKNDPLRPSVNNHGNENNLMIV

[1114] T

[1115] SEQ ID NO: 64 BGC1-B protein (hexapioid)

[1116] MPPFLPSLPLPALTLPLPLPPLLTAPAPRRHRVFAATADGPQPCRGRVCVCAAYMPPPRQPYRRPAP APAPAPRPSNAPAPAPPQRGPRDQEELEAAIYDFMRRSDKPGAFPTRAELLAAGRADLAAAVESSG GWLSLGWSWSSDDDARRPAASTAGPGVHPDYPPEAGASGRAPNATADSVREQQEPTPSGRQPET EETQEAGSGAGLEGMLTRLRRERERARPPPRSKNRAGGQGQNGALMNHNGAPSRSPTDGMYTRR

[1117] IPVNGNIHRSHSQNGIPEDNKSSSSANDAWRTWSLDKSRFSDFEAAEIHPLSRKPPKRADLDTVLIED DVPGPSNGVVINDYPSDHVDSERDEIHARFQNLEFDLADSLKTLRSRFDGVSSYMSNGEEADVVNGF SDDWEFEETKVMHAQEELRTIRAKIAVLEGKVALEIIDKNKIIEEKQTRLDEVEKALSELRTVSVVWPNP ASEVLLTGSFDGWTSQRRMEQSEGGIFSYNLRLYPGRYEIKFIVDGVWKNDPLRPTVNNNGNENNL

[1118] MIVT

[1119] SEQ ID NO: 65 BGC1-D protein (hexapioid)

[1120] MPPFLLSLSLPALTLPLPPAPAPAPRRHRVFAAPAYGPQPCRGRVCVCAAYRPPPRQPYRRQPAPA PAPDPRPRPSNAPAPPQRDPRGQEEVEEAIYDFMRRSDKPGAFPTRAELLAAGRADLAAAVESSGG WLSLGWSWSSDDDARRPAASSAGPGVHPDYPPEAGPSGRPPNSAADSVREQQEPTRSGRQPETE ETEEAGSGAGLEGMLARLRRERERARPPPRSKNQAGGQGQNGALMNHNGAPSRSPTDGMYTRRI

[1121] PVNGNIHRSHSQNGIPEANKSSSSANDAWRTWSLDKSRFSDFEAAEIHPLSRKPPKRADLDTVLIEDD VPGPSNGVVINDYPSDHVDSERDEIHARFQNLEFDLADSLKTLRSRFDGVSSYMSNGEEADWNGFS DDWEFEETKVMHAQEELRTIRAKIAVLEGKVALEIIEKNKIIEEKQTRLDEVEKALSELRTVSVVWPNPA SEVLLTGSFDGWTSQRRMEQSESGIFSYNLRLYPGRYEIKFIVDGVWKNDPLRPTVNNHGNENNLMI

[1122] VT

[1123] SEQ ID NO: 66 TaSS4 - 1 A genomic TraesCSI A02G353300.2

[1124] ACACACACTCCCCTCCGCTGGCCGCTTGCCCGACGAATGGCACCGTGCCACGCCCACGGCCCT CCTCCTCCGCCTCCGCCCCCGCCTCGCCCGCGCGCGGAGCACGAGACACGCCACGCGCTGGC CCCCGGCCACCGCCACCGCCACCAGTCCACCACCACCACTCTTCAGCCCCACTCCACTCCCCG CCGCTTTCCAGCCCGCCGCCCGCTTCAAGCTCCCCTCGCCCCACCAGTCGCCCTGCCTCTCCC

[1125] TATTCCCCATGGCGTGCTCCGCGGCGGCGGGCGTCGAGGCGACCGCCCTCCTGTCCCCGCGC TGCCCCGCCCCTTCCCCGCCCGACGGCCGCTCCCGCCGCCGCCTCGCCCTCGCCTCCGGCAC GCGCCACCGCAGCCTCAGGTTCGTCTCCAGCCCCCCTAATTCGGCCGCTTCGCTGGTGAGATG TATACATGCCGCTGCCATTCCTGGATTCTACGAATATGTCAAGGAGTCGGAATCTGACTTTTGTT

[1126] GGCTGGCTTTCCAGGGCAGCCGCGCAGCGCCCTCACAAGAGCGCAACCGGCGCCGACCCCCT TTATAACAACAGGGCCAATGTGCGGAGCGACGAGGCGTCGGTTTCCGCTGAAAAAGAACGGCAA AGGGTATGTGCATCATGCTTTCTACTAGCAATCTATATCTTTCCAAATTTGTTTGTCAGCACGCGG AGTGACGCGACAGTAGATGCCGATTCTTCTTTTCCACAAAGCAAATCTGGGGCTTGGCTGCCACT

[1127] GAAAGGCAATAACTTGCTCATATGTATTTCCACCTTGTTTTAACATAGATGTATGAATTTAAATCAG TTTCTGAATCTACTAACTTGCATCTACTGGCTTCCAAGTAAATTTCGCTCGTAATTCAAGATGGCC AAGAAAATCTAATTTTAAGCTATATTGCCAGCTAATCATGGGTCGTATAATGTTCTATTCATACGA GTAAAAACAATCTTTTTTGCTGTCGTAAGGTATTTCCCCTCAAATACTTCCTCATATCGGTGTATTT

[1128] GTTTGGCGTTCCATAATTAGTGCTGTATTCCGTATTGCAACACATTAATTGGGATGTGGAGGCCG TTAAAGTAGAGTTGGGACACTACTATTGTATTTGCTCTATATAAACTGATGTATGAGTTCAACCGA TGCCCTTGTAAAAATGTAAATAACATTGAAAATGTTATATGCTTATTTTAATATGTCTTTTCAATACA GCAAAAGTAAATCCTGTAAGTGTAGCAATTACTTGTGAATCATTGGTTACAAGTTACAACTGTTCA

[1129] TCATGAGATAGTTCTATTGTGTTTTCGTGTAGGTCCAGCAATTTACCTGTTAGATCTATCAGGCTG AGAGGTTACTTGGTGTGAACATTTTAAAAAGATCTTAAATTCTGTTTTTGTTAAACTGAAGCGAAAT GCATCATCATTTTATTACTTCAATAATCAATAGTTATTAGATAAAGGTGCAAAGTTGGCATTGACAT CTATATTTTAAACCAAATGGCAGCCAAGCCCTATTTCATTGAGAAATACAGCATACAACAGTTAAA

[1130] CAAAGCTAACATTCGATCAATTTTACTCTGAAATATAATCACTTTTAAATTTGCTCATATTAGTTACT GTTGTTACTTTTAAGAATTTCTAGGTTTTGTGATTTTCCCCACAGAAATACAACGATGGAGATGGC ATATCAAACCTTAAGCTGGAAGATTTGGTAGGAATGATACAGAACACCGAGAAGAGTAGGGGATT CCTTCCTTTTGAATATCCATACAGTTTCCTAAAATGCATAGAGTTGTAAGTATGCACATAACAAAC

[1131] ACTGAATTGCAAATTGATTTTTTTAGATATACTTCTTTTGAATCAAGCCCGTCTTCAGGCAATGGAA CACGCTGATAAAGTTCTTAAAGAAAAGGAAGCCTTGCAGAGAAAGATAAACATTTTAGAGACGAG GTTGTCAGAAACAGATGAACAACATAAGCTTTCAAGTGAAGGGAATTTCAGTGACTCTCCACTAG

[1132] CATTGGAGCTTGGTATTCTAAAGGAAGAGAACATTCTACTGAAGGAGGACATATAATTTTTCAAAA

[1133] CAAAGCTTATAGAGGTTGCCGAGATAGAGGAGGGTATATTCAAATTGGAGAAAGAGCGTGCTCTT

[1134] TTAGATGCTTCCCTTAGGGAGCTGGAGTCTAGGTTTATAGCCGCCCAAGCAGATACGATGAAACT

[1135] TGGTCCTAGGGATGCCTGGTGGGAGAAAGTAGAAAAATTGGAAGACTTGCTTGAGACCACAGCA

[1136] AACCAAGTAGAGCATGCTGCTGTGATATTGGACCACAATCATGATCTGCAGGATAGGCTTGACAA

[1137] ATTAGAGGCCTCACTGCAAGCAGCAAATATTTCAAAGTTCTCTTGTTCTCTTGTTGATATTTTGCA

[1138] GCAAAAAGTCAAATTGGTAGAAGAACGCTTCCAAGCATGTAATTGTGAAATGCATTCTCAGATTG

[1139] AACTGTATGAGCACTCAATAGTGGAATTTCACGATACTCTTAGCAAACTAATAGAGGAAAGTGAG AAAAGATCACTGGAGAATTTTACAGGAAACATGCCTTCGGAACTATGGAGCAAAATTTCCCTTTTA

[1140] ACTGATGGATGGTTACTGGAGAAGAAAATATCTTACAATGACGCAAGTATGTTGCGAGAAATGGT

[1141] TCATAAAAGGGACAGTCGTCTTCGGGAAGCATACTTGTCATACAGAGGTACCGAAAACAGGGAA

[1142] GTTATGGACAACTTACTTAAGATGGCATTACCAGGAACTAGGTACACTTTCTCCTTTGCTAAATGA

[1143] GAAAACATGTTTATAGAAATTAGTTAGTCTGTAATCTTTATTGATTAATGCAGTTCTGGTTTGCACA

[1144] TTGCCCACATAGCAGCAGAGATGGCTCCTGTCGCGAAGGTGAGTTTTAGTATTAATACAGCCTTT

[1145] CATGCGTGCATTTAAAATCTTCTATTTGATATTTGGATAATTCACTGCCTAGTATGACTACTATCTA

[1146] GGGACGCTTAGAGAGAACATTGTTTTAAGCACTAATATTCTGTAAATTAACAAAGTATTAAGTTTT

[1147] CCAGTGTTTCACATAAATTCGAGCCTATCCACATATCTTACAAGTAACAATAAAGCACTATTTTAAA

[1148] TATATGGTTCTCCTCAGTTGTGTTCAGGTCATGATGATCCAAGGGCTAATTCAAACCGAGGTAAA

[1149] ACTGACAATGTTGAATGTGTGCTATCATTCTTTTTTTGTGAATGGATGTAGCTTTTTACTGTTAAAA

[1150] AACTGTATGGATGCCCTTTTTTAGCTTATAAATTTTGATTGTGCAGCCATGAAATAGTAAATAAAAC

[1151] TCTGGCTGTACCAAAGGTGGTGAAATTTCGACTTTCATGTCTCAACAAAGTTACTATCTGCAAAAA

[1152] AGAAAGTCTAAAAGCTGCAGATATTTGTCTGTTGATCATGTGCATAGTGCATACAAGTTGTAGATC

[1153] AATCTCCCCCAACTGCTTTACATTTTAATCTGTTTCTTGAGAAATTTATTGAACTACTGATGCTGAT

[1154] GCTGATGCAATGACTAATTCTTATGGAATCTGATTTTTGTCCATTCTGATCATTTTGAATCCTATTA

[1155] GTCATCTTTTATATTTCTTATATGCATGCTTGTTTAGGTTGGTGGCCTGGCAGATGTGATATCTGG

[1156] TCTCGGGAAGGCACTTCAGAAAAAAGGCCATCTAGTAGAGATCATTCTTCCCAAATACGACTGCA

[1157] TGCAGGTTGACCAAGTTAGCAATCTAAGGGTATGTCATAATGCTGCTTATCTATGTTTTGGTATGA

[1158] TCTTCTGTTAGGGTAAGATTGATATCATGTGATTGTGCAGGTTTTAGATGTTCTTGTGCAGTCCTA

[1159] CTTCGAAGGAAATATGTTCAACAACAAAATTTGGACTGGGACTGTTGAAGGTTACAAGCAACCCT

[1160] CAGTTGTATCACTGTATAAAATTTATTTAAATCTGCATTAATCTAATTAAATTAGCATATGCAGGCC

[1161] TACCCGTCTACTTTATTGAGCCACAGCATCCAGCGATGTTCTTTTCGAGGGCTCAGTACTATGGA

[1162] GAGCATGATGACTTCAAACGTTTTTCGTACTTCAGCCGTGCGGCACTAGAATTACTTTATCAATCT

[1163] GGGAAGAAAGTTGATATAATCCACTGCCATGACTGGCAAACTGCATTTGTTGTAAGCGTCAAAGA

[1164] TCATTTCACAGCATTGACTCATTGCCTACTTGACATTGATCTATTTTCTTGGTTGATTTACAAAGTT

[1165] GATTGTACTAAGTTACCCTTTGACATTTAACCTTCAGGCACCTCTTTATTGGGATGTATATGCAAA

[1166] TCTAGGCTTCAACTCAGCTAGAATTTGCTTCACCTGTCATAATTTTGAATATCAAGGAACTGCTCC

[1167] AGCTCGTGATTTAGCATGGTGTGGCCTTGATGTTGAGCACCTAGACAGACCAGACAGGATGCGG

[1168] GACAATTCGCATGGAAGAATAAATGCTGTTAAGGTATCAATTATGGCAAACTTTAGCAATATGTTT

[1169] TGGAACTCAAACTCATAGCTATGGTATCAATTATGCAATTGTTTATTCATATTATTCAGGGAGCAG

[1170] TTGTGTATTCAAACATCGTGACAACTGTCTCGCCAACGTATGCACTAGAGGTTCGCTCAGAGGTA

[1171] ATATTTCTTACGATTTGTATGTGATGTAGACTTTTTTTGGCTACTTTTTAATCGTCCTTCATGGTCT

[1172] CACCAGTAGCCTTCAACTTATAAGATTCATCTGCAAAAATAGATAATTTCTAAGCATGTTGCTCAA AATGGCTAATTTTTGGAGGCAACCATTTCTGGAAGAGGATAGCAAGAAATCGCACAAGCTCTGGG AAACAAACACGCATATTGCTGTACCTTTGTTTGATCAGTAGTGCCAGACATATTCATGTTTCTACA

[1173] TGGACTGGACACTAAAGAGATGCTACAAAAAGCTTGGATACTTGAGAATACCCTAAATCAAGATA TAGTGGCATGCATATCCGTACAGGGCTCTAATGGTCCTAGTGTTTCTAGTTACCATTAGTTTAACT TGTCTTAATCTTCCTCTCAACTGCAATTTCATTTTAGTAGTTTCAATTTGCATGTAAAGCGTTTCCA

[1174] TTTCTTGTGTGCTGATAATGCTCTTATGGTTCCCAGGGTGGGCGTGGACTCCAAGATACACTTAA

[1175] AGTACATTCCAGGAAATTTCTTGGGATACTTAATGGAATCGACACAGATACATGGAACCCTTCCA

[1176] CAGATAGGTATCTGAAGGTCCAGTATAATGCTAAGGATCTCCAGGGAAAGGCAGCCAATAAAGC

[1177] AGCCCTCAGAGAGCAACTAAACCTGGCTTCTGCATATCCTTCACAACCACTGGTACGATTGTCGA

[1178] TGCTGTTAAGCTCAGTTCTCAATTACTGGTAAACTGGATATATAAAGGTTCACCCTGTGCTTGAAT

[1179] TTGAACATTTTCCATCTCTTTATTCTCATCAATTTTCTTCGTGGAGTAGTCTGTTAGCTATATGGTT

[1180] CTATCGTTTGTCATCACATTTATCGGGGCATGGCCCATGTAGTCTGAAATGAATTACAGCAGTTC

[1181] CGTTTTTCGATTGTTTTCTTCAGTTAGCTAATATCATTTTCTGATCCCCTGCTGTGTGTATTCACCT

[1182] CCTTCCATTTGTCTTGGAACTTGATATTGAATGTTAAACTAAATAACTGAAATTTTCTCAAGCAGGT

[1183] TGGTTGCATTACCAGGCTAGTTGCTCAGAAGGGTGTACATCTTATCAGGCATGCAATCTACAAAA CAGCTGAATTAGGAGGACAGTTTGTCCTTCTGGGTTCAAGTCCAGTACCAGAAATTCAGGTGCGT

[1184] TTATGCCATGCAGTTTATGTCATAGTATATATCTGTGCAGATATTTTGATCAGACATGAATCTCCAA AGTAACAGAAGAAAACCACACTTCAGTACCTCATGAACAGTTTATTTATCACCGAAGGAACATGA

[1185] GTCTGGAATGGTGTATTTTTTGTCTGTTTTATATTAAGCACCTTTTTTTGCCCATTTCTGGAACGGT

[1186] GAACATACTTGCTTCTTGTTTTGTTTGCAGAGGGAGTTTGAAGGTATTGCAGACCATTTTCAGAAC

[1187] AACAACAATATCCGGCTGATTTTGAAGTATGATGATGCGCTGTCTCATTGCATATATGCTGCGTCT

[1188] GACATGTTCATTGTTCCCTCTATATTTGAGCCATGTGGCCTCACTCAGGTGTGTGGCTTCTTCCC

[1189] ATACTTGATGATAAATGCATATCACCTAGTTTATACTAGGTACACATGTAGTAAGCTGACATCGTT

[1190] TAGTATGACGCGTAATTTGTATCACTTGCTGAAATATATGCTTCAGTTGCCGTGATCATCTGGCAC

[1191] TTTCCTAGAAGTAATTAAACAAGTGCGAGTCTGGCCTCCTTTGCTTCTATCATCAATTTGATGTGT

[1192] GGCCTTCTGACGCGCAATTTTGACATGCTTTCTTATGCGCAGATGATAGCCATGAGATATGGTTC

[1193] TGTGCCGATTGTTCGGAAAACTGGTGGGCTGAATGACAGGTAAACAGTGAACCAACCGAGTGTT

[1194] CCTCCAAACATAGTCGTCACACCCAATCAAAGTAAGAAGTGTAATGGCATGCTTTGTGGTTTCAG

[1195] TGTCTTTGACTTCGACGACGAAACAATACCCATGGAGGTGCGGAACGGCTTTACATTTGTCAAGG

[1196] CCGACGAACAGGTAGGTCCTGTTTGCGCGCACAGCCCGGGAAGGGAAAAACCCTAGTCGATGG

[1197] TTTCTGGCGGGCACAACACGACTCATCTGGACGTTCATTTTGCCAGGGCCTAAGCAGCGCGATG GAGAGGGCGTTCAACTGCTACACGAGGA

[1198] AGCCCGAGGTCTGGAAACAGCTCGTGCAGAAAGACATGACGATCGATTTCAGCTGGGACACCTC

[1199] GGCTTCGCAGTACGAGGACATCTACCAGAAGGCGGTGGCTCGAGCGAGGGCGGTGGCGTGAG

[1200] CGCGCACACACACACGGTAGTTGGTTCCCTGATGCCCCCCGTGCCCTCTCTCCCTGGCCCTGC

[1201] CCTCATGATGCAGACGGCACTAGACGAAATCGAGGGATCATGGAAACAGAATCATATAGGAAGC

[1202] TCCATGCTCTCGGCGCACATTTCTGGTAAGGGCGTGACGGTGTATCACTGGTTATATGCGCAGT

[1203] TTCTTGAAGGCAGAACACGAGCTAAAAATAGAGTAGCCACCGTGAGCCGTCAAGATCGTAGTAC

[1204] GTGCACTGTTGTTGGCATAATATCGGTGTAAATTGTAGGCTGTATAGTTTCCTGTGGAGTTGCAA

[1205] CGGAGCAGTATACGTGCAGTGCAGGTTGCAGAGTCGTATGTATTATGCAGAGATCTTATGGTCC

[1206] GTGAGATGGGAGGTGCAAGAATTTCAGACGCCTGGACCGTAACCATCTGTCAGAAAAATACGTT

[1207] GATTTTCTTTTTTCTTTGAAAAAGAGATATTAAAAAAATCCTTGAAAACGTTACAGCATTTTCGG

[1208] SEQ ID NO: 67 TaSS4 - 1 B genomic TraesCSI B02G368500.1

[1209] ATGGCGTGCTCCGCGGCGGCGGGCGTCGAGGCGACGGCCCTCCTGTCCCCGCGCTGCCCCGC CCCTTCTCCGCCCGACGGCCGCTCCCGCCGCCGCCTCGCCCTCGCCTCCCGGACGCGCCACC

[1210] GCAGCCTCAGGTTCGTCTCCGGACCCCCTAATTCGGCGGCTTCGCTCGTGAGATGTATATACAG

[1211] TACTCAAAGTCTGAAACCAAGGGGTTGGGATTCTAATTATTAGCAGCTACTAGTACCTGGTTACC CTTCTCTTGCTCGGTGCGTGCCATGGTCCGTCCGTGTGCGCGAAATGCTATGGCCATGCCTGCT

[1212] CAGCTCAGGCACTGTGGGGATCATATACAGCTGTGAACGCTCAAATGTGTTGTGTACTGTTACAT GCTAGGTGACATTGCGGTGTCTTGGATCATGATCAGATTCATCGTATACATGCCATTGGCATTCC

[1213] TTATGTCTGGATTCTACGAATATGTCAAGGAATCGGAATCTGACTTTTGTTGTCTGGCTTGTTCCA GGGCGGCCGCGCAGCGTCCTCACAAGAGTACAACCGGCGCCGACCCCCTTAACAACAGGGCTA ATGTACGAAGCGACGAGGCAGCGGTTTCCGCCGAAAAAGAACGGCAAAGGGTATGTGCATCAT

[1214] GCGTTTTAGCAACCTATATGCTTCCAAATATGTTTGTCGCACGCAGGAGTGACGCGGCAATAGAT GCTGATTCTTCTTTTCCAGAAAGCAAATCTGGGGCTTGGCTGCCGCTGAAAGGCAATAACTTGCT CATATGAATTTCTACCTTATTTTAACATAGATGCATGAGGTTACTTGGTGTGAACATGTATAAAAAA TCAATGTTGCATATATTTTGCCATTTTAAAAAGATCTTAAATTCTGTTTTTGTTAAACTGAAGCGAA

[1215] ATGCATCATCATTTTATTACTTAAATAATCAATAGTTATTAGATAAAGGTACAAAGTTGGCATTGGC ATCTACTCCCTCCGTCTCATAATATAAGAACGTTTTTGACACTAGTATAGTGTTAAAAACGTTCTTA TATTTTGGGACAGAGGGAGTATATTTTAAACCAAATGGCAGCCAAGCCCTATTTCATTGTGAAATA CAGCATACAACAGTTAAACAAAGTTAACATTCAATCAATTTTACTCTGAAATATAATCACTTTTAAA

[1216] TTTCTCATATTAGTTACTGTTGTTACTTTTAAGAATTTCTAGGTTTTGTGATTTTCACCACAGAAATA CAACGATGGAGATGGCATATCAAATCTTCAGCTGGAAGATTTGGTAGGAATGATACAGAACACCG AGAAGAGTAGGGGATCCTTCTTTTTGAATATCCATACAGTTTCCTAAAATGCAGAGTTGTAAGTAT GTGCATAACCACTGAATTGCAAATTGATTTTTTTAGATATACTTCTTTTGAATCAAGCTCGTCTTCA

[1217] GGCAATGGAACACGCTGATAAAATTCTTAAAGAAAAGGAAGCCTTGCAGAGAAAGATAAACATTT TAGAGACGAGGTTGTCAGAAATAGATTCACAACATAAGCTTTCAAGTGAAGGGAATTTCAGTGAC

[1218] TCTCCACTAGCATTAGAGTTTGATGTTCTAAAGGAAGAGAACATTGTACTGAAGGAGGACATAGA ATTTTTCAAAACAAAGCTTATAGAGGTTGCCGAGACAGAGGAGGGTATATTCAAATTGGAGAAAG

[1219] AGCGTGCTCTTTTAGATGCTTCCCTTAGGGAGCTGGAGTCCAGATTTATAGCTGCCCAAGCAAAT ATGATGAAACTTGGTCCTAGGGATGCCTGGTGGGAGAAAGTAGAAAAATTGGAAGACTTGCTTG AGACCACAGCAAACCAAGTAGAGCATGCTGCTGTGATATTGGACCGCAACCATGATCTGCAGGA TAGGCTTGAAAAATTAGAGGCCTCATTGCAAGCAGCAAATATTTCAAAGTTCTCTTGTTCTCTTGT

[1220] TGATCTTTTGCAGCAAAAAGTCAAATTGGTAGAAGAACGCTTCCAAGCATGTAACCGGGAAATGC ATTCTCAGATTGAACTGTATGAGCACTCAATAGTGGAATTTCATGATACTCTTAGCAAACTAATAG AGGAAAGTGAGAAAAGGTCACTGGAGAATTTTACAGGAAACATGCCTTCGGAACTATGGAGCAA AATTTCCCTTTTAACTGATGGATGGTTACTGGAGAAGAAAATATCTTACAGTGACGCAAGTATGTT ACGAGAAATGGTTCAGAAAAGGGACAATCGTCTTCGGGAAGCGTACTTGTCATACAGAGGTACC GAAAACAGGGAAGTTATGGACAATTTACTTAAGATGGCATTACCAGGAACTAGGTACACTTTCTT CTTTGCTAAAATGAGAAAATATGTTTATATAAATTAGTTGGTTTGTAATCTTTATTGATTAATGCAGT TCTGGTTTGCACATTGCCCACATAGCAGCAGAGATGGCTCCTGTCGCGAAGGTGAGTTTTAGTAT TAATACAGCCTTTCATGCGTGCATTTGAAATCTTCTATTTGATATTTGGATAATTCACTGCCTAGTA TGACTACTATCTGGGGACGCTTAGAGAGAACATTGTTTTTAAGCACTTATATCTGTAAATTAACAA AGCATTAAGTTTTCCAGTGTTTCACATAAATTTGAGCCTATCACTATCTTACAAGTAAACAATAAAG CACTATTTTAAATATATGGTTCTCATCAGTTGTGCTCAGGCCATGATGATCCAAGGGCTAATTCAA ACCGAGGTAAAACTGACAATGTTTAATGTGTGCTATCATTCTTTTTGTGTGAATGGATGTAGCCTT AAACTGTATGGATGCCCTTTTTTAGCTTATAAATTTTGATCGTGCAGCCATGAAATAGTAAATAAAA TTCTGGTTGTACCAAAGGTGGTAGAATATCAACTTTCATGTTTCAACAAAGTTACAATCTGCAAAA AAAAAAATCTAAAACCTGCAGATGTTTGTCTGTTGATCATGTGCATAAAGGTTGATCAATCTCCTC CAACTGCTTTATATTTTAATCTGTTTCTTGAGAAATTTATTGAACTACTGATGCTGATGCAATGACT AATTCTTTTGGAATCTGGATTTTTGTCCATTCTGATCAGTTTGAATCCTATTAGTCATCTTTTATATT TCCTATATGCATGCTTGTTTAGGTTGGTGGCCTGGCAGATGTGATATCTGGTCTCGGGAAGGCA CTTCAGAAAAAAGGCCATCTAGTAGAGATCATTCTTCCAAAATACGACTGCATGCAGGTTGACCA AGTTAGCAATCTAAGGGTATGTCATAATGCTGCTTATCTATGTTTTTGGTATGATCTTCTGTTAAG GTAAGATTAATATCATGTGATTGTGCAGGTTTTAGATGTTCTTGTGCAGTCCTACTTTGAAGGAAA TATGTTCAACAACAAAATTTGGACTGGGACTGTTGAAGGTTGCAAGCAACCCTCAGTTGTATCAC TGTATAAATTTATTTAAATCCGCATTGATCTAATTAAATTAGCATATGCAGGCCTACCCGTCTACTT TATTGAGCCACAGCATCCAGCGATGTTCTTTTCGAGGGCTCACTACTATGGAGAGCACGATGACT TCAAACGTTTTTCGTACTTCAGCCGTGCGGCACTAGAATTACTTTATCAATCTGGGAAGAAAGTTG ATATAATCCACTGCCATGACTGGCAAACTGCATTTGTTGTAAGCGTCAAAGATCATTTCACAGCAT TGACTCATTGCCTACATGACATTGATCTATTTTCTCGGTTGATTTACAAAATTGATTGTACTAAATT ACCCTTTGACATTTAAACTCCAGGCACCTCTTTATTGGGATGTATATGCAAATCTAGGCTTCAACT CAGCTAGAATTTGCTTCACCTGTCATAATTTTGAATACCAAGGAACTGCTCCAGCTCGTGATTTAG CATGGTGTGGTCTTGATGTTGAGCACCTAGACAGACCAGACAGGATGCGGGACAATTCGCATGG CAGAATAAATGCTGTTAAGGTATCAATTATGGCAAACTGTAGCAATATATTTTGGAACTCAAACTC ATAGCTATGGTATCAATTATGCAATTTTTTATTCATATTATTCAGGGAGCAGTTGTGTATTCAAACA

[1221] TCGTGACAACTGTCTCGCCAACATATGCACTAGAGGTTCGCTCAGAGGTAATATTTCTTACGATTT TTATGCGATGTAGACTTTTTTGGCTACTTTTTAATCGTCCTTCACAGTCTTACCAGTGGCCTTCAA CTTATAAGATTCATCTGCAAAAATAGATGATTTCTAAGCATGTTGCTCAAAATGGCTAATTTTTGGA GGCAACCATTTCTGGAAGAGGATAGCACAAGCTGTGGGAAACAAACATGCATATTGCTGTACCTT TGTTTGATCAGTAGTGCCAGACATATTCATGTTTCTACATGGACTGGACACTAAAGAGATGCTACA AAAAGCTTAAATACTTGAGAATACCCTAAATCAAGATATATTGGCATGCATATCCATATAGGGCTC TAATGGTCCTAGTGTTTCTAGTTACCATTGGTTTAACGTGTCTTTAATCTGCCTCTCAACTGCAATT TCATTTTAGTAGTTTCAATTTGCATGTAAAGCGTTTCCACTTCTTTTATGTGCTGATAATGCTCTTA TGGTTCCCAGGGTGGGCGTGGACTCCAAGATACACTTAAAGTACATTCCAGGAAATTTCTTGGGA TACTTAATGGAATCGACACAGATACATGGAACCCTTGCACAGATAGGTATCTCAAGGTCCAGTAT AATGCTAAGGATCTCCAGGGAAAGGCAGCCAACAAAGCAGCCCTCAGAGAGCAACTAAACCTGG CTTCTGCATATCCTTCACAACCACTGGTACGATTGTCGATGCTGTTAAGCTCAGTTCTCAATTACT GGTAAACTGGATATATAAAGGTTCACCCTGTGCTTGAATTTGAACATTTTCCATCTCTTTATTCTCA TCAATTTTCTTCGTGGGGTAGTCTGTTAGCTATATGGTTCTATTGTTTGTCATTGCATTTATCAGG GCATGGCCCATGTAGTCTGAAATGAATTACAGCAGTTCCGTTTTTCGATTGTTTTCTTCAGTTAGC TAATATCATTTTCTGATCCCCTGCTGTTTGTATTCACCTCCTTCCGTTTGTCTTGGAACTTGATATT GAATGTTAAACTAAGTAACTGAAATTTTCTCAAGCAGGTTGGTTGCATTACCAGGCTGGTTGCTCA GAAGGGTGTACATCTTATCAGGCATGCAATATACAAAACAGCTGAATTAGGAGGACAGTTTGTCC TTCTGGGTTCAAGTCCAGTACCAGAAATTCAGGTGCGTTTATGCCATGCAGTTTATGTCATACTC CCTCTGTAAAGAAATATAAGAGCATTTAGATTACTACTTTAGTGATCTAAACGCTCTTATATTTCTT TACGGGGGGAGTAGTATATATCTGTGCAGATATTTTGATCAGACATGAATCTCCAAAGTAACAGA AGAAAACCACACTTCAGTACCTCATGAACAGTTTATTTATAACCGAAGGAACATGAGTCTGAAATA GTGTATTTTTGTCTGTGTTTTATACTAAGCACCTTTTTTTTGCCTATTTCTGGAACAGTGAACATAC TTGCTTCTTGTTTTGTTTACAGAGGGAGTTTGAAGGTATTGCAGACCATTTTCAGAACAACAACAA TATCCGGCTGATTTTGAAGTATGATGATGCGCTGTCTCATTGCATATATGCTGCGTCTGACATGTT CATTGTTCCCTCTATATTTGAGCCATGTGGCCTCACTCAGGTGTGGCTTCTTCCATACTTTGATAG TAAATGCATATCACGTAGTTTATACTAGGTGCACATGTAGTAAGCTGACATCGTTTAGTATAATAC GTAATTTGTATCACTTGCTGAAATATATGCTTCAGTTGCCGTGAACATTTGGCACTTCCCTAGAAG TAATTAAACAAGTGCAAGTCTGACCTCTTTTGCTTCTATCTGATATTTGGTGTGTGGCCTGCTGAT GCGCAATTTTGACATGC

[1222] TTTCTTATGTACAGATGATAGCCATGAGATATGGTTCTGTGCCAATCGTTCGGAAAACTGGTGGG CTGAATGACAGGTAAATAGGGAACCAACCAAGTGTTCCTCCGAACATAGTCGTCACATCCAATCA AAGTAACAAGTATAGTGGCATGCTTTGTGGTTTCAGTGTCTTTGACTTCGATGACGAAACAATACC CATGGAGGTGCGGAACGGCTTTACATTTGTCAAGGCCGACGAGCAGGTAGGTCCTGTTTGCGC GCACAGCCCGGGAAGGGGAAAATCCTAGTTGATGATTTCTGGCGGGCAAAACGCAACTCATCTG GATGTTCATTTTGCCAGGGCCTAAGCAGCGCGATGGAGAGGGCGTTCAACTGCTACACGAGGAA GCCCGAGGTGTGGAAACAGCTTGTGCAGAAAGACATGACGATCGATTTCAGCTGGGACACCTCG GCTTCGCAGTACGAGGACATCTACCAGAAGGCGGTGGCTCGAGCGAGGGCAGTGGCGTGAGCA CACACACACACGGTAGTTGGTTCCCTGATGCCTCTCTCCCCTGCCCTGCCCTCATGATACAAAC GGCACTGGACGAAATCGAGGGATCATGGAAACAGAATCATATAGCAAGCTCCATGCTCTCGGCG CGCATTTCCGGTAAGGGTGTGACGGTGTATCGCTGGTTATATGCGCTGTTTATTGAAGGCAGAA CGCGAGCTAAAAATGGAGTAGCTACCGTGAACCCTCAAGATCGTAGTATGCGCGCTGTTGTTGG CATAATATTGGTGTAAATTGTAGTAGGCTGTATATTTTCTTGAGGGGTTGCAACGGAGCTGTATG CGTGCAGTGCAGGCTGCAGAGTCGCACGTATGTACTGTATTATGCAGAGATCTTATGGTCGATG GGAGGAGCTTAGATTTGTCTAAATACGGATGTATCAAGTCACGTTTTAGTATTAGATACATCTGTA TCTAGGCAAATCTAAGACTAGAATTTTGGGACGGAGGGAGTATTATGC

[1223] SEQ ID NO: 68 TaSS4 - 1 D TraesCSI D02G356900.1

[1224] ACTTCCACACATCACACACACCTCCGCTGGCCGTCTGCCCGACGACGAATGGCACCGTGCCAC GGCCTGCTGCGCGGCGGGGCCCAGGCGGCCAGATAGCCCAATTCGTTTGGCCCTCCTCCTCCG CCCCGCCTTGCCCGCGCGCGGAGCACGAGACGCGTTGACCCCCGGGCACCGCCACCGCCACT CTTCAGCCCCACTCCACTCTCCGCCACTTTCCAGCCCGCCGCCCCAAGCTCCCCCAGCCCACCA GTCGCCCCCGCCTCTTCCTCTTCCTGTTCCTGTTCCCCATGGCGTGCTCGGCGGCGGCGGGCG TCGAGGCGACGGCCCTCCTGTCCCCCCGCTGCCCCGCCCCTTCCCCGCCCGACGGCCGCTCC CGCCGCCGCCTCGCCCTCGCCTCCCGGACGCGCCACCGCAGCCTCAGGTACGTCTCCAGCCC CCTAATTCGGCGGCTTCGCTCGTGAGATGCATACATACTGAAAATCTGAAACCAAGGGGTTGGG GTTCTAATTATTAGCAGCTAGTATTACCTGGTTACCCTTCTCTTGCTCGGTGCGTGTCATGGTCC GTCCGTGTGCGCGAAATGCTATGGCCATGCCTGCTCGGCTCAGCCATTGTGGAGATCACAACTG TGAACGCTCAAATGTGTGCTGGTGCATGCTAGGTGACATTGTCGTGTCTTCGACCATGGTCAGAT CCATCGTGTACATGCCGCTGGCATTCCTTATGTCTGGATTCTGCGAGTATGTCAAGGAATCGGAA TCTGACTTTTGTTGTCTTGTCCAGGGCGGCCGCGCAGCGTCCTCACAAGAGCACAACCGGCGCC GACCCCCTTAACAACAGGGCAAATCCAAGGAGCGACGAGGCAGCGGTTTCCGCCGAAAAAGAA CGGCAAAGGGTATGTGCATCATGCATTTTAGCAATCTACTATATGTTTCCAAATATGTTTGTCGCA CGCGGAGTGACGCGACAGTAGATGCCGATTCTTCTTTTCCAGAAAGCAAATCTGGGGCTTGGCT GCCACTGAAAGGCAATAACTTGCTCATATGAATTTCCACCTTGTTTTAACATAGATGCATGAATTT AAATCATTTTCTGAATCTACTACATGCATCACTTGCATCTACTGGCTTCCAAGTGAATTTCTCTTGT AACTCAAGATGGCCAAGATAATCTAATTTTAAGCTATACTGCCAGCCAATCATGGGTCGTATAATG TTCTATTCATATGAGTGAAAACAATCTTTTTTGCTGTCGTAAGGTATTTCCCCTCAAATACTTCCTC ATATCATGTGTATTTGTTTGACGGTTCCATAATTAGTGCTGTATTCCGTGTTGCAACACGTTAATT GGGATGTGGAGGCCGTCAAAGTAGAGTTGGGACACTACTATTGTATTGCTCTATATAAACTGATG TATGAGTTAAACCAATGCCCTTGTAAAAATGTAAATAACATTGAAAATGTCATATGCTTATTTTAAT ATGCACTTTCAATGTACAGCAAAGGTAAACCCTGTAGGTGTAGCAATTACTTGTGAATCATTGGTT ACAAGTTACAACTGTTCATCATGAGATAGTTCTATCGTGTTATCGTGTAGGTCCAGTAGTTTATCT GCTAGATCTATCAGGCTGAGAGGTTACTTGGTGTGAACATGTATAAAAAATCAATGTTGCATATAT TTTGCCATTTTAAAAAGATCTTAAATTCTGTTTTTGTTAAGCTGAAGCGAAATGCATCATCATTTTA TTACTTCAATAATCAATAGTTATTTGATAAAGGTACAAAGTTGGCATTGACATCTATATTTTAAACC

[1225] AAATGGCAGCCAAGCCCTATTTCTTTGAGAAATACAGCATACAACAGTTAAACAAAGTTAACATTC GATCAATTTTACTCTGAAATATAATCACTTTTAAATTTGCTCATATTAGTTACTGTTGTTACTTTTAA GAGTTTCTAGGTTTTGTGATTTTCCCCACAGAAATACAACGATGGAGATGGCATATCAAACCTTCA GCTGGAAGATTTGGTAGGACTGATACAGAACACCGAGAAGAGTAGGGGATTCCTTCTTTTTGAAT ATCCGTACAGTTTCCTAAAATGCATAGAGTTGTAAGTATGTGCATAACAAACACTGAATTGCAAAT TGATTTTTTTTAGATATACTTCTTTTGAATCAAGCTCGTCTTCAGGCAATGGAACACGCTGATAAAA TTCTTAAAGAAAAGGAAGCCTTGCAGAGGAAGATAAACATTTTAGAGACGAGGTTGTCAGAAACA AATGCACAACATAAGCTTTCAAGTGAAGGGAATGTCAGTGACTCTCCACTATTATTGGAGTTTGAT GTTCTAAAGGAAGATAATATTCTACTGAAGGAGGACATAGAATTTTTCAAAACAAAGCTTATAGAG ATTGCCGAGACAGAGGAGGGCATATTCAAATTGGAGAAAGAGCGTGCTCTTTTAGATGCTTCCCT TAGGGAGCTGGAGTCCAGATTTATAGCTGCCCAAGCAAATATGATGAAACTTGGTCCTAGGGAT GCCTGGTGGGAGAAAGTAGAAAAATTGGAAGACTTGCTTGAGACCACAGCAAACCAAGTAGAGC

[1226] ATGCTGCTGTGATATTGGACCACAATCATGATCTGCAGGATAGGCTTGACAATTTAGAGGCATCA

[1227] CTGCAAGCAGCAAATATTTCAAAGTTCTCTTGTTCTCTTGTTGATCTTTTGCAGCAAAAGGTCAAA

[1228] TTGGTAGAAGACCGCTTCCAAGCATGTAACAGCGAAATGCATTCTCAGATTGAACTGTACGAGCA

[1229] TTCAATAGTGGAATTTCATGATACTCTTAGCAAACTAATAGAGGAAAGTGAGAAAAGATCACTGGA

[1230] GAATTTTACAGGAAACATGCCTTCAGAATTATGGAGCAAAATTTCCCTTCTAATTGATGGATGGTT

[1231] ACTGGAGAAGAAAATAGCTTACAATGACGCAAGTATGTTACGAGAAATGGTTCGGAAAAGGGACA

[1232] GTCGCCTTCGGGAAGCGTACTTGTCATACAGAGGTACCGAAAACAGGGATGTTATGGACAGTTT

[1233] TCTTAAGATGGCATTACCAGGAACCAGGTACACTTTCTTCTTTGCTAAAATGTTTATGGGAATCAG

[1234] TTGGTCTGTAATCTGTATTGATTAATGCAGTTCTGGTTTGCACATCGCTCACATAGCAGCAGAGAT

[1235] GGCTCCTGTCGCAAAGGTGGGTTTTAGTATTAATACAGCCTTTCATACGTGCATTTGAAATCTTCT

[1236] ACACCCTCTGTTCCTAAATGTAAGACGTTTTGGCAGTTTAAACCAAAACGTCTTACACTTAGGAAC

[1237] AGAGGGTGTATTTGATATTTGGACAAGTCACTGCGTAGTATAACTACTATTTAGGGACGCTTAGA

[1238] GAGAACATTGTTTTTAAGTACTAATATTCTGTAAATTAACAAAGTATTAAGTTTTCCAGCGTTTCAC

[1239] ATAAATTCGAGCCTATCCACATAGCTTACATGTAAACAGTGAAGCACTATTTTAAGATATTATGGT

[1240] TCTCCTCAGTTGTGCTCAGTTAGGCCATGATGATCCAAGGGCTAATTCAAACAGAGGTAAAACTG

[1241] ACAATGTTGAATGTGTGCTCTCATGCTTTTCTGTAAATGGATGTAGCCTTTTACTGTTAAAAAAACT

[1242] GTATGGATGCCCTTTTTTAGCTTATAAATTTTGATTGTGGAGTCATGAATAGTGAATAAAGCTTGG

[1243] TTGTACCAAAGGTGGTGAAATATCGACTTTCATGTTTCAACAAAGTTACAATCTGCAAAAAATTGT

[1244] CTAAAAGCTACAGATATCTGTCTGTCGATTATATGCATACAAGTTGTAGATTGATGTCCTCCAAGT

[1245] GCTTATATTTTAAGTTGTTTCTTGAGAAATTTATCGAACTACTGATGCTGATGCAATGGCTAGTTCA

[1246] TTTGGATTCTGATTTTTTGTCCATTCTGATTAATTTGATTTCTATTAGCCATCTGTAATATTTCTTAT

[1247] ATGCTTGTTTAGGTTGGTGGCCTGGCAGATGTGATATCTGGTCTTGGGAAGGCACTTCAGAAAAA

[1248] AGGGCATCTAGTAGAGATTATTCTTCCCAAATACGACTGCATGCAGGTTGACCAAGTTAGCAATC

[1249] TAAAGGTATTGTTGCAATGCTGCTTAACGATGTTTCGGTGGGTTCTTCTGTTAGGGTAAGATTGAT

[1250] ATCATGTGATTGTGCAGGTTTTAGATGTTCTTGTGCAGTCCTACTTTGAAGGAAATATGTTCAACA

[1251] ACAAAATCTGGACCGGGACTGTTGAAGGTTACAAGCAACTCTCAGTTGTATCACTGTATAAAATTT

[1252] AAATCTGCATTGACCTAATTAAATTAGCATATGCAGGCCTACCCGTGTACTTTATTGAGCCACAGC

[1253] ATCCAGCGATGTTCTTTTCGAGGGCTCAGTACTATGGAGAGCATGATGACTTCAAACGTTTTACA

[1254] TACTTCAGCCGTGCGGCACTAGAATTACTTTACCAATCTGGGAAGAAAGTTGATATAATCCACTG

[1255] CCATGACTGGCAAACTGCATTTGTTGTAAGCGCCAAAGATCATTTGGCAGCATTGACTCATTGCC

[1256] TACTGAACATTGATCTGTTTTCTTGGTTAATTTACAAAGTTGATTGCACCAAGTTACCCTTTTACAT

[1257] TTAAACTCCAGGCACCTCTTTATTGGGATGTATATGCAAATCTAGGCTTCAACTCAGCTAGAATTT

[1258] GCTTCACCTGTCATAATTTTGAATATCAAGGAACTGCTCCAGCTCGTGATTTAGCATGGTGTGGC CTTGATGTTGAGCACCTAGACAGACC

[1259] AGACAGGATGCGGGACAATTCACATGGAAGAATAAATGCTGTTAAGGTATCAGTTATGGCAAAAT

[1260] GTAGCAATATATTTTGGAACTCAAACTAATAGCTATGGTATCAAATATGCTGATCTGGATTCATATT

[1261] ATTCAGGGCGCAATTGTGTATTCAAACATCGTAACCACTGTCTCGCCAACATATGCACTAGAGGT

[1262] TCGCTCAGAGGTAATATTTCTTATGATTTTTATGGACGTAGACTTTTTTGGCTACTTTTTAATCGTC

[1263] CTTCATAGTCTCACTAGTAGCCTTCAACTTATAAGATTCATCTGCGAAAGTAGATAATTTCAAAGC

[1264] ATGTTGCTCAAAATGGCTATTTTGGAGGCAACCATTTCTGGAAGATGGCAGCAAGAAATTGCACA

[1265] AGCTGTAGGAAACAAACATGCATATTGCTGTTACCTTTGTTTGATCACTACTGCTAGACATATTCA

[1266] TGTTTCTACATGGATTGGGCACTAAAGAGATGCTACATGAAGTTTAAATACTTGAGAATACCCTAA

[1267] ATCAAGATATATTGACATGCATATCCATATAGGGCTCTAATGGTCATAGTGTTTCTAGTTACCATT

[1268] AGTTTAACGTGTCTTAATCTGCCTCTCAACTGCAATTTCATTTTAATAGTTTCAATTTGCAAGTAAA

[1269] TCGTTTCCATTTCTTTTGTGTGCTGATAATGCTCTTATGGTTCCCAGGGTGGGCGTGGACTCCAA GATACACTTAAAGTACATTCCAGGAAATTTCTTGGGATACTTAATGGAATCGACACAGATACATGG AACCCTTCCACAGATAGGTATCTCAAGGTCCAGTACAATGCTAAGGATCTCCAGGGAAAGGCAG

[1270] CCAACAAAGCAGCCCTCAGAGAGCAACTAAACCTGGCTTCTGCATATCCTTCACAACCACTGGTA

[1271] CGATTATCAATGCTGTTAAGCTCAGTTCCCAATTACTGGTAAACTGGATATATGAAGGTTCACCCT

[1272] GTGCTTGAATTTGAACATTTTCCATCTCTTTATTCTCGTCAATTTTCTTCGTGGAGTAGTCTGTTAG

[1273] CTATATGGTTCTATTGTTTGTCATTACATTTATCGGGGCATGGCCCATGTAGTCTGAAATGAATTA

[1274] CAGCAGTTCTGTTTTTCGATTGTTTTGTTCAGTTAGCTAGTATCATTTTCTGATCCCCTGCTGTATG

[1275] TATTCACCTCCTTCCATTTGTCTTGGAACTTGATATTGAATGTTAAACTAAATAACTGAAATTTTCT

[1276] CAAGCAGGTTGGTTGCATTACCAGGCTAGTTGCTCAGAAGGGTGTACATCTTATCAGGCATGCAA

[1277] TATACAAAACAGCTGAATTAGGAGGACAATTTGTCCTTCTGGGTTCAAGTCCAGTACCAGAAATT

[1278] CAGGTGCGTTTATGTCATAGTATATACCTGTGCAGATATTTTGATCAGACATGAATCTCCAAAGTA

[1279] ACAGAAGAAAACCACACATCAGTACCTCATGAACAGTTTATTTATGACCGAAGGAACATGAGTCT

[1280] GAAATAGTGTATTTTTGTCTGTGTTTTATATTAAGCACCTTTTTTTTGCCTATTTCTGGAACAGTGA ACATACTTGCTTCTTGTTTTGTGTACAGAGAGAGTTTGAAGGTATTGCAGACCATTTTCAGAATAA CAACAATATCCGGCTGATTTTGAAGTATGATGATGCGCTATCTCATTGCATATATGCTGCGTCTGA CATGTTCATTGTCCCCTCTATATTTGAGCCATGTGGCCTCACTCAGGTGTGGCTTCTTTCCATACT TTGATGATAAATGCATATCACGTATAGTTTATACTAGGCACACATGTAGGAAGCCGACATCGTTCA GTATGATGCGTAATTTGTATCACTTGCTGAAATATATGCTTCAGTTGCCGTGATCATTTGGCACTT CCCTAGAAGTAATTAAACAAGTGCAAGTCTGACCTCTTTTGCTCCTATCTGATATTTGATGTGCGG CCTTCTGATGCGCAATTTTGACATGCTTTCTTATGCTTAGATGATAGCCATGAGATATGGTTCTGT GCCGATTGTTCGGAAAACTGGTGGGCTGAACGACAGGTAAATATTGAACCAACCAAGTGTTCCT CCAAACATAGTCGTCACATCCAATCAAAGCAAGAAGTGTAATGGCATGATTTGTGGTTTCAGTGT CTTTGACTTCGACGACGAAACAATACCCATGGAGGTGCGGAACGGCTTTACATTTGTCAAGGCC GACGAGCAGGTAGGTCCTGTTTGCGCGCACAGCCCGAGAAGGGGAAAATCGTAGTCGATGGTT TCTGGCGGGCAAAACACAACTCATCTGGATGTTTCATTTTGGCAGGGCCTAAGCAGCGCGATGG AAAGGGCGTTCAACTGCTACACGAGGAAGCCCGAGGTGTGGAAACAGCTTGTGCAGAAAGACAT GACGATCGATTTCAGCTGGGACACCTCGGCTTCGCAATATGAAGACATCTACCAGAAGGCGGTG GCTCGAGCGAGGGCGGTGGCGTGAGCACACACACACGCTAGTTGGTTCCCTGATGCCTCTCTC CCGGGCCCTGCCCTCATGATGCAAACGGCACTAGACGAAATCGGGGAATCATGAAAACAGAGTC ATATAGGAAGCTCCATGCTCTCAGCACGCATCTCCGGTAAGGGCGCGACGGTGTGTCGTTGGTT ATATCGCTGTTTCTTGAAGGAAGGCAGAACGCGAGCGAAAAATAGAGTAGCTACTGTGAACTGTC AAGATCTTAGTACGTGCACTGTTGTTGGCATAATATTGGTGTAAATTGTAGTGGGCTGTATATTTT CTTGAGGGGTTGCAACGGAGCTGTGTATGTGCAGTGCAGGCTGCAGAGTCGTATGTATTATGCA GAAATCTTTATGGTCCGTGAGATGGGAGGAGCGAGAATTTCAGACACCTGGACCGTAAGCATCT GTTAGAAAATACGTTGACTTTCTTTTCTTTGCAAAAAGATATTAAAAAAATCCTTGAAAACGTTACA G

[1281] SEQ ID NO: 69 TaSS4 - 1A protein TraesCS1A02G353300.2

[1282] MACSAAAGVEATALLSPRCPAPSPPDGRSRRRLALASGTRHRSLRAAAQRPHKSATGADPLYNNRA NVRSDEASVSAEKERQRKYNDGDGISNLKLEDLVGMIQ...

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A method for altering a starch granule characteristic in a plant, the method comprising reducing the expression and / or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6).

2. A method of producing a genetically altered plant with an altered starch granule characteristic, wherein the method comprises reducing the expression and / or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6).

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises reducing the expression or activity of a gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation, wherein the gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation is not PARC6.

4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises reducing the expression and / or activity of PARC6 in the plant endosperm, or plant seed or grain.

5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the starch granule characteristic is starch granule size and / or starch granule morphology, wherein starch granule size and / or starch granule morphology is increased relative to a control or wild-type plant.

6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises altering the distribution of starch granule size in at least one plastid.

7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide and / or introducing at least one mutation into at least one PARC6 promoter.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein when the plant comprises multiple copies of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, and the method comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one, preferably one copy, more preferably two copies, or even more preferably all copies of the PARC6 encoding nucleic acid sequence.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein PARC6 comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 or 25, or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ IDNO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25, and wherein the PARC6 promoter comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28.

10. The method of any of claims 3 to 9, wherein the method further comprises introducing at least one mutation into at least one gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation.

11. The method of any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the at least one mutation is a loss or partial loss of function mutation.

12. A method of altering the number and / or size of starch granules in at least one plant amyloplast, the method comprising altering the size of the plant amyloplast, wherein the plant is not Arabidopsis.

13. The method of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the plant is selected from a Triticeae crop plant.

14. A plant, plant part or plant cell obtained or obtainable by any of the methods according to claims 1 to 13.

15. A nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one DNA-binding domain or protospacer element that can bind to at least one target sequence in a PARC6 gene and / or promoter, wherein preferably the target sequence is selected from SEQ ID NO: 39, 40, 41 and 42 or a variant thereof, preferably wherein said construct encodes at least one single-guide RNA (sgRNA), wherein the sgRNA comprises or a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO. 52, 53, 54 or 55 or a variant thereof.

16. A method for identifying and / or selecting a plant that has an altered starch granule size distribution, the method comprising detecting in the plant or plant germplasm at least one polymorphism or mutation in the PARC6 gene and / or promoter and selecting said plant or progeny thereof, wherein the polymorphism or mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6.

17. A genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OFCHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6), wherein preferably the plant comprises at least a stop codon mutation.

18. The genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell of claim 17, wherein the plant comprises at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 promoter and / or nucleic acid encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, wherein the at least one mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6.

19. The genetically altered plant of claims 17 to 18, wherein PARC6 comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 or25, or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 , 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25, and wherein the PARC6 promoter comprises a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 or a functional variant or homologue thereof, wherein the functional variant has at least 50% overall sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28.

20. A genetically altered plant, part thereof or plant cell characterised by reduced expression or activity of PARALOG OF ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (PARC6) and reduced expression or activity of a second gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation.

21. The genetically altered plant of claim 20, wherein the plant comprises at least one mutation in at least one PARC6 promoter and / or nucleic acid encoding a PARC6 polypeptide, wherein the at least one mutation reduces the expression and / or activity of PARC6; and at least a second mutation in one or more gene encoding a protein involved in starch granule initiation, wherein the second mutation reduces or abolishes the expression or activity of the protein involved in starch granule initiation.

22. The genetically altered plant or plant part of any of claims 17 to 21 , wherein the plant comprises at least one RNAi construct, wherein the RNAi construct reduces or abolishes the expression of at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding PARC6.

23. The genetically altered plant or plant part of any of claims 17 to 22, wherein said plant part is grain or a seed, and wherein preferably the grain or seed are characterised by at least reduced expression and / or activity of PARC6.

24. The genetically altered plant of any of claims 17 to 23, wherein the plant is selected from a T riticeae crop plant.

25. A food or feed composition prepared from the grain of claim 23.

26. Use of the grain of claim 23 as a food or feedstuff.

27. Use of the grain of claim 23 in any pharmaceutical or industrial application.

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