Method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure and a system built according to the method

Abstract

In a method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, the supporting structure (15) consists of supporting elements which can preferably be assembled one above the other and is assembled at least by a crane system. A lifting system (25), preferably a strand jack system, is mounted in the supporting structure (15), the heavy load to be installed is then connected to several longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting system (25) and conveyed upwards in this supporting structure (15) and the heavy load is fixed in the supporting structure, in particular in the operating position. The lifting system (25), mounted at a certain height in the supporting structure (15), is provided with a cavity (44') on the inside through which the heavy load can be lifted in the supporting structure, up to the operating position and fixed there. With this method, the heavy load, which is in particular a reactor for metal extraction, can be guided to the supporting structure in the assembled state despite the enormously high weight load, which can vary, and safely pulled up into said supporting structure into the operating position.

Description

[0001] Method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure and a system constructed according to the method

[0002] The invention relates to a device for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, in which the supporting structure consists of supporting elements that can preferably be assembled one above the other and is erected by at least one crane system, according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 8.

[0003] In order to sustainably minimize environmentally harmful emissions in metal production, as well as in the iron and steel industry, efforts are underway to implement new technologies that can virtually eliminate CO2 emissions. For example, in the extraction of iron from ore, instead of conventional blast furnaces that use coking coal as a fuel, new processes are being sought in the production processes that can preferably achieve direct reduction of iron ore based on renewable energies. Natural gas, or even better, hydrogen, is advantageous for this, as it enables the reduction process to be largely free of CO2 emissions.

[0004] For this purpose, new facilities are being built, each of which, similar to blast furnaces, features a complex reactor vessel as a heavy load within a supporting structure or similar. The facility for operation with the complex reactor vessel is designed to ensure optimal logistical flow of iron ore and other components, as well as energy, into the reactor, and also to ensure the cooling of the reactor walls.

[0005] Such complex reactor vessels can each have empty weights of over 1,000 tons and are therefore usually assembled at the operating site from a large number of individual parts in the support structure and simultaneously secured within this support structure. This procedure is complex and, due to the use of large cranes for erecting the support structure and assembling and installing the reactor within it, associated with correspondingly high costs. Furthermore, the reactor must be designed in such a way that it can be assembled into the support structure or similar structure, taking the circumstances into account, which can lead to a situation where it cannot be optimally designed.

[0006] The invention is based on the object of creating a method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, by means of which such installation in the operational state in the supporting structure can be carried out more safely, more quickly and thus more cost-effectively and the heavy load can be designed in such a way that restrictions such as those required for assembly in the supporting structure do not have to be taken into account.

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the method according to claim 1 or the system according to claim B.

[0008] In the method according to the invention, a lifting system is mounted in the support structure, then the heavy load to be installed is connected to several longitudinal elements of the lifting system and transported upwards in this support structure and the heavy load is fixed in the support structure, in particular in the operating position.

[0009] The heavy load to be transported is, in particular, a reactor for metal extraction in a state that is at least nearly ready for operation. The heavy load is transported horizontally by a transport device to the supporting structure.

[0010] With this method according to the invention, this heavy load, which is in particular a reactor for metal extraction, can be guided in the assembled state to the support structure and hoisted safely into the operational position in this support structure, despite the enormously high weight load, which can vary.

[0011] The heavy load, which can be swivelled up from a horizontal position by means of the longitudinal elements of the lifting system which are hinged to it on the top, is consequently pulled up into the operating position by means of the longitudinal elements of the lifting system which are to be connected or are connected in the middle area of ​​the heavy load: over a partial height range through the hollow space of the latter.

[0012] It is very advantageous that the lifting system is mounted in the support structure in such a way that it can be removed from this support structure after the installation of the system has been completed and can be reinstalled therein if, preferably, the heavy load has to be dismantled from the support structure and / or replaced.

[0013] The lifting system expediently has cross beams fastened in the support structure and lifting units mounted on these, wherein these cross beams and lifting units are preferably removable after the installation of the system has been completed, in which case the cross beams are moved away from the side of the support structure or are inserted and fixed laterally during reinstallation.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment of the system, the lifting system is provided from a base frame carried in the supporting structure, forming a hollow space, from cross beams held thereon and the several lifting units mounted on these, in which the longitudinal elements each extend through a cross beam and the base frame.

[0015] The invention provides that the longitudinal elements of the lifting system can be connected at connection points on the support frame below the fuselage in its central area near the reactor, so that the reactor can be guided through the lifting system to its final position and can be fastened in the support structure

[0016] In the lifting system mounted in the support structure, a strand lifting system is preferably used as the lifting unit, which is provided with a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit and at the upper end of the piston or at the lower end of the cylinder with a clamping device with radially adjustable clamps for alternately holding or releasing the longitudinal element(s), which are guided inside in a central through-opening of the piston-cylinder unit.

[0017] The invention and further advantages thereof are explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. They show:

[0018] Fig. 1 is a perspective side view of the lower part of the system according to the invention, with a heavy load configured as a reactor in a support structure, as well as a transport means carrying the heavy load and, above the heavy load, the lifting system in the support structure; Fig. 2 is a perspective side view of the system according to Fig. 1 in the horizontal transport position of the reactor on the transport means shown, in which this reactor is inserted with its front head section into the indicated support structure;

[0019] Fig. 3 is a perspective side view of the reactor and the lifting system according to Fig. 1, wherein the reactor is shown in the raised position on the transport means without the support structure; and

[0020] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the completed plant according to Fig. 1 with the reactor installed in the support structure and a cooler tank as well as a crane system next to the plant;

[0021] Fig. 5 is a perspective side view of a variant of a partially shown support structure with the installed reactor and lifting system as well as a lifting device;

[0022] Fig. 6 is a perspective side view of the partially illustrated support structure and the lifting device according to Fig. 5 dismantling a cross member; and

[0023] Fig. 7 is a perspective top view of the lifting device according to Fig. 5.

[0024] Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 show a schematic diagram of a system 10 with a support structure 15 and a heavy load to be installed in the latter as a reactor 20. This support structure 15 consists of a lattice-like structure as a basic framework with longitudinal and transverse elements 16, 17, wherein it is designed as a tower on the inside with a hollow space 18 and, due to the required height. As mentioned, it is only shown schematically. In any case, it must be provided with such statics that it can permanently absorb the enormous load forces of the heavy load to be installed. This support structure can be designed differently depending on the circumstances and requirements, and it can be free-standing in a factory area or the like, or it can be designed as part of a building with several floors or the like.

[0025] In the method according to the invention, the heavy load to be transported is, in particular, a reactor 20 for metal extraction in a state that is at least approximately ready for operation. This reactor 20, as a heavy load, is moved horizontally by a transport means 11, preferably by an SPMT (Self-Propelled Modular Transporter), up to or partially into the cavity 18 of the support structure 15. It is pivoted upwards by a lifting system 25, preferably a strand lifting system, mounted in the support structure 15, and pulled up and secured in the support structure 15 to its operating position. For pivoting upwards into its approximately upright position, the reactor 20 is tiltably mounted on the underside of the transport means 11 and is pivoted about an articulated connection 31.

[0026] The invention is characterized in that it allows, in particular, such a reactor 20, in a nearly operational state with an empty weight of over 1000 tons, to be lifted in a completely new way into the required operating position to a height of, for example, 80 m. The reactor is preferably one by means of which iron ore is processed by direct reduction using renewable energies and from which iron is extracted in a multi-stage process, primarily for the metal industry. The reactor 20, designed as a vessel, with its torpedo-like outer shape, consists of a front stepped cylindrical section 22 with a head section 21 with several upwardly projecting connecting pieces 2T (which is not explained in more detail), as well as a hull 23 of enlarged diameter with a support frame 39 and a conical lower section 24 extending approximately to a point.

[0027] On the cylindrical section 22, a reinforcement device 26 is mounted on its outer shell, which is either fixed or, advantageously, removably installed. It comprises two spaced-apart reinforcement elements 27, 28, which are removably attached as rings to the outer circumference of the reactor 20 and are connected to one another by at least one connecting web 29. On the front reinforcement element 27, two spaced-apart connection points 32, 33 are advantageously protruding on opposite sides, which can be connected to longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25.When swiveling up the reactor 20, only the two connection points 32 on its upper side have to be coupled with longitudinal elements 34, while the opposite connection points 33 are only connected with such longitudinal elements 34 after swiveling for pulling up the reactor 20, so that this lifting system 25 is able to lift the reactor 20 up to its final position.

[0028] In addition, the reinforcement elements 27, 28 are each assigned an adjustable tensioning device 40 (not explained in detail) on the outside of the reactor. Each tensioning device consists of an elongated tensioning element 37 and a tensioning element 36 coupled to the tensioning element, each generating a selectable tensile stress in its longitudinal direction. At each of the four connection points 32, 33, one such tensioning element 37 engages with one end, which extends parallel to the axial direction of the reactor and is held at the other end by the annular support frame 39. These tensioning devices 40 can be used to coordinate with one another to generate tensile forces on the front reinforcement element 27 in the opposite direction to the lifting force of the longitudinal elements 34, in order to counteract this lifting force on the reinforcement element 27.

[0029] This illustrated reactor 20 can, of course, be shaped differently than shown. For example, the body 23 and the upper cylindrical section 22 with the head section 21 could be assembled first, followed by the lower section 24. Likewise, this reinforcement device 26 can also be equipped, for example, with only one reinforcement element and without these tensioning devices 40. Depending on the weight of the heavy load, fewer or more than four such connection points 32, 33 can be provided.

[0030] As can be seen from Fig. 1, the front head section 21 of the reactor 20 with the reinforcement element 27 of the reinforcement device 26 is moved by the transport means 11 into the interior of the support structure 15. The two longitudinal elements 32 of the lifting system 25, preferably designed as strands, are connected in this position to the respective connection point 32 on the reinforcement device 26, and the reactor 20 is pivoted upwards as a heavy load by actuating the lifting system. The transport means 11 with an upper platform 1T is preferably formed by two independently movable transport units 12, 13, which together transport the heavy load partially to the support structure 15, as illustrated in Fig. 2. These transport units 12, 13 consist of such a plurality of axles and wheels that the load per wheel corresponds to the predetermined weight load, wherein the axles are each individually driven.After connecting the longitudinal elements 32 of the lifting system 25 with the reactor 20 and lifting it, the front transport unit 12 is removed, while the rear transport unit 13 with a tilting rod 45 articulated to it and with it the reactor moves inside into the cavity 18 of the support structure 15 and at the same time the reactor is pivoted upwards in the cavity.

[0031] The reactor 20, similar to a torpedo, rests with its outer shape formed with different diameters above the platform 11' of the transport means 11 at several preferably flat points of the tilting rod 45 and is securely supported on this tilting rod and on the transport means during approach in a horizontal orientation. This box-shaped tilting rod 45 is composed of longitudinally and transversely connected support elements 48, 49, this articulated connection 31, and a support element 52 holding the support frame 39 of the reactor 20 on the underside. This tilting rod can be designed differently depending on the outer shape of the heavy load and can consist of several modules.

[0032] Fig. 3 shows the lifting system 25 arranged in the support structure 15, in which a strand lifting system is preferably used. According to the invention, this lifting system 25 is mounted in the support structure 15, then the heavy load to be installed is connected to several longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25 and transported upwards in this support structure 15, and the heavy load is fixed in the support structure, particularly in the operating position.

[0033] This rear transport unit 13 of the transport means 11 is moved into the interior of the support structure when the reactor 20 is pivoted upwards at a travel speed controlled corresponding to the pivoting speed, so that the connection point 32 at the reactor and the longitudinal element 34 of the lifting system 25 engaging therewith move approximately vertically upwards in the support structure 15 and the reactor is pulled upwards with a linear pivoting movement and no disturbing vibrations occur in the process.

[0034] The reactor 20 is pivoted up to a position, as shown in Fig. 1, in which the tilting rod 45 rests with its underside opposite the articulated connection 31 against at least one stop 43 on the transport unit 13. Then, the two longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25 on the other side are pivoted to the connection points 33 of the reinforcement device 26 in addition to the already connected longitudinal elements 34. The reactor 20 is pivoted up to this inclined position and not to the upright position to prevent it from tipping over to the other side. In principle, however, it could still be pivoted up to an approximately upright position and the additional longitudinal elements 34 then attached. This articulated connection 31 on the transport means as well as the tilting rod 45 are then detached and dismantled from the reactor so that it can be pulled up by the longitudinal elements 34 with equal amounts of force.Further longitudinal elements (not shown) are provided which are hinged to connection points 38 on the support frame 39 below the fuselage 23 so that the reactor 20 can be guided through the lifting system 25 to its final position and can be fastened in the support structure.

[0035] For this purpose, the lifting system 25, mounted at a specific height in the support structure 15, is provided on the inside with a cavity 44' through which the reactor 20 can be lifted as a heavy load to the operating position and secured therein, as can be seen in Fig. 4 for the fully erected plant 10. The reactor 20 is pulled up over a partial height through the cavity 44' in the lifting system 25 into the operating position by the longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25, which are to be connected in the central region of the reactor 20.

[0036] This lifting system 25 consists of a base frame 44 supported on the support structure 15, of pairs of solid crossbeams 46, 47 standing thereon, and of several lifting units 50, 51, in each of which these longitudinal elements 34 are held so as to be displaceable in their longitudinal direction. One lifting unit 50 and the two crossbeams 46, or the other lifting unit 51 and the two crossbeams 47, are positioned on the base frame 44 such that the longitudinal elements 34 extending through them and hinged at the connection points 32, 33, and 38 of the reactor 20, respectively, are aligned approximately vertically in order to avoid bending moments in these longitudinal elements, which are usually manufactured as strands.

[0037] The two lower cross members 47 rest on the base frame 44, while the two upper cross members 46 are aligned transversely to these lower ones and rest on the base frame 44 by means of spacers 46' above the lower cross members 47. These cross members 46, 47, arranged in pairs, are spaced apart from one another. Of course, only one cross member or more than two could be used as required. Essentially, these lifting units 50, 51, which are known per se and not shown in detail, each consist of a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit, which is fixed to one of the cross members 46, 47 and has a central through-opening on the inside for receiving one or more longitudinal elements 34. The cylinder is provided with an annular chamber in which the sleeve-shaped piston is guided in the axial direction. At the upper end of the piston orAt the lower end of each cylinder, a clamping device with radially adjustable clamps is provided for holding the longitudinal element(s) 34 in place. When the piston is retracted, its clamps hold the longitudinal element 34 in place, and a medium is forced into a chamber in the cylinder by a pump, causing the piston and, with it, the longitudinal element to move upwards. As soon as the piston is extended, the open clamps on the cylinder are closed and those on the piston are opened, and the piston is then retracted again. This process is repeated until, in particular, the heavy load to be lifted has reached its final position. When the heavy load is lifted, these strands are moved upwards through and over the lifting units 50, and they can be accommodated in straight or rounded guides above the lifting system 25 (not shown in detail).The control of the multiple piston / cylinder units is coordinated synchronously, which can be achieved by pressure equalization in order to achieve an even load distribution.

[0038] It goes without saying that lowering the heavy load with these lifting units 50 is also possible in the opposite direction, although this is not explained in detail. Accordingly, the individual steps for lowering would have to be performed in reverse order.

[0039] The method of installing the reactor also extends to installing the support structure 15 for supporting the heavy load, wherein the support structure 15 consists of these stackable longitudinal and transverse elements 16, 17 and / or other support elements, which are erected on a vehicle 59 by at least one known crane system 55 with several lattice masts 56, 57, 58, as illustrated in Fig. 4. Very advantageously, the support structure 15 is erected to a certain intermediate height, and then the lifting system 25, of which this base frame 44 can be seen, is mounted on the approximately half-built support structure 15. Subsequently, the reactor 20 is transported as a heavy load by the lifting system 25 to this intermediate height and held and secured in the base frame 44 by its support frame 39. This attachment can be achieved using sufficiently strong fasteners.Practically at the same time, the support structure 15 is installed to its full height by the crane system 55, the heavy load to be transported being in particular this reactor 20 for metal extraction in a state that is at least almost ready for operation.

[0040] The reactor 20, lifted in the support structure 15 up to the lifting system 25, is guided through this frame-shaped lifting system and secured in the support structure 15 by support frames 39 attached to its outer shell below the fuselage 23, preferably at this intermediate height. The transport means 11 is moved away after the heavy load has been lifted, and additional heavy loads can be fed into the support structure with it. At least one support element fed into the support structure 15 is attached to a support in the lower region of the heavy load by at least one further longitudinal element 34 of the lifting system 25.

[0041] While the support structure 15 is being completed by the crane system 55 up to its total height above the installed heavy load, the lifting system 25 can simultaneously lift and install additional components, such as at least one cooler tank 60, support elements 62, platform floors 61, etc., as additional heavy loads in the lower area or below the reactor. Once the reactor is secured in the support structure 15, the same transport means for feeding and the same longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25 as for lifting the reactor can also be used, advantageously those assigned to the lifting units 51 at the crossbeams 46, because these run outside the outer shell of the reactor. By simultaneously mounting on the lower and upper sections of the support structure 15, the first platform is used as a protective platform 63 in the upper construction section.This will be reinforced with additional protective measures to protect the people working underneath.

[0042] The lifting system 25 with the crossbeams 46, 47, temporarily mounted at this specific height in the support structure 15, is preferably dismantled again after the heavy load and other components have been completely installed. The support structure and the area surrounding it are designed such that this lifting system 25 with the crossbeams 46, 47 can be reinstalled in the support structure, particularly for dismantling the heavy load and components. In principle, however, it could also remain in the support structure, especially if components need to be replaced or overhauled from time to time.

[0043] Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 show a lifting device 65 for assembling or disassembling cross beams 46 into or from a partially illustrated support structure 70. The same reference numerals as in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are used below for the same components. In this support structure 70, the reactor 20 installed according to the invention is shown, which is held by its support frame 39 in the base frame 40 of the support structure 70. The lifting system 25 is supported on the base frame 44, which comprises two solid cross beams 46, 47 arranged in pairs and a plurality of lifting units 50, 51 placed on the latter, in each of which these longitudinal elements 34 are held displaceably in their longitudinal direction, as can be seen in Fig. 3.The partially shown support structure 70 with the stacked longitudinal, transverse, and oblique elements 75, 76, 77 is designed in the area where the reactor 20 is attached such that the longitudinal elements 75 extend diagonally inward below the base frame 44, thus reducing the rectangular or other-shaped cross-section of the support structure 70 from a larger to a smaller cross-sectional area in order to save material in the upper, less heavily loaded part of the support structure 70. The lower part of the support structure is also constructed with a larger cross-sectional area to provide sufficient space for the reactor 20 to be moved upwards during installation.

[0044] After the reactor 20 and the additional components have been installed, the lifting units 50, 51 and subsequently the crossbeams 46, 47, 66 are normally dismantled because they are no longer needed and can be used for other structures. For this purpose, a lifting device 65 is used, which consists of a guide rail 67, crane cables 68, 69, a fastening element 72, and a counterweight 64 with an adjusting element 71. The fastening element 72 is fixedly attached to the guide rail 67 at one end, while the counterweight 64 is guided from the other end to a first position 64' of the guide rail 67 so that this guide rail 67 is always horizontally balanced, whether with or without the crossbeam 46, 47, 66 to be transported.

[0045] The adjusting member 71 consists of a cable pull 71 arranged on each side of the guide rail 67, each with a cable winch 72, a controllable rotary motor, a cable 73 guided parallel to the guide rail 67, and a holder 78 for the cable end. The two cable pulls are arranged in an inverted arrangement so that the counterweight 64 can be pulled in one direction or the other by the respective cable 73 and the cable winch 72. The cable winches 72 are each rotatably mounted on a base 79 on the guide rail 67, while the holders 78 for the cables 73 are anchored to the counterweight 64. The counterweight 64 is adjustable by the adjusting member 71 on the guide rail 67 between a first and a second end position 64', 64". In principle, only one cable pull could be provided, which, for example, would be equipped with a cable winch at each end.In addition, a braking device is integrated into the counterweight which interacts with the guide rail and is not shown in detail and serves to additionally fix the counterweight in a respective end position.

[0046] In Fig. 5, this lifting device 65 is illustrated next to the support structure 70, which is lifted by a crane (not shown) next to the lifting system 25 of the support structure 70 in order to dismantle these crossbeams 46, 47, 66. In the unloaded state, as shown, the counterweight 64 is pushed by the adjusting member 71 into this first position 64', so that the guide rail 67 provided with the lateral fastening means 72, which is preferably suspended from two crane cables 68, is horizontally balanced.

[0047] As illustrated in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, a cross member 46 is screwed laterally to the fastening means 72, for example, and then led transversely out of the support structure 70 and placed underneath, for example, on a motor vehicle for transport. This process is then repeated until all cross members 46, 47, 66 have been dismantled, including those fixed below the base frame 44 in the corners of the cross elements 76. With this lifting device 65 suspended from the crane cable 69, for reasons of space, it can only be inserted with part of its guide rail 67 into the open interior of the support structure 70 and then connected to a respective cross member 46, 47, 66 by this lateral fastening and pull or lift this out of the support structure.

[0048] The invention is sufficiently illustrated by the exemplary embodiments explained above. However, it could of course be further explained by further variants.

[0049] As a variant, the lifting system could be equipped with a different number of lifting units 50, 51 and longitudinal elements 34 than those shown, and the cross members 46, 47 could be arranged differently than shown. Thus, the lifting system could consist solely of a frame or frame-like structure, or of supporting elements like the supporting structure and be permanently integrated into the latter. Likewise, the base frame could not be provided all the way around the supporting structure, but rather consist of several frame sections or something similar.

[0050] Hoists, powered pulleys, climbing cranes and / or similar could be used as lifting systems.

[0051] Likewise, the supporting structure could be arranged in a building, for example, and primarily consist of supporting pillars or similar. Instead of an SPMT, another feed system, such as a vehicle sliding on a plastic or running on rails, or the like, could be used as the transport means 11.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for installing a heavy load in a support structure, in which the support structure (15) consists of support elements which can preferably be assembled one above the other and is erected by at least one crane system (55), characterized in that a lifting system (25), preferably a strand lifting system, is mounted in the support structure (15), then the heavy load to be installed is connected to several longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting system (25) and conveyed upwards in this support structure (15) and the heavy load is fixed in the support structure, in particular in the operating position.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting system (25) mounted at a certain height in the support structure (15) is provided on the inside with a cavity (44*) through which the heavy load can be lifted in the support structure up to the operating position and fixed therein.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heavy load which can be pivoted upwards from a horizontal position by means of the longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting system (25) which are articulated on its upper side is consequently pulled upwards into the operating position by means of longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting system (25) which are to be connected or are connected in the central region of the heavy load over a partial height region through the hollow space (44*) of the lifting system.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heavy load to be transported is in particular a reactor (20) for metal extraction in an at least approximately operationally ready state 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lifting system (25) is mounted in the support structure (15) in such a way that it can be removed from this support structure, in particular after the installation of the system (10) has been completed, and can preferably be reinstalled therein when the heavy load must be dismantled and / or replaced from the support structure.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the lifting system (25) comprises cross beams (46, 47) fastened in the support structure (15) and lifting units (50, 51) mounted thereon, wherein these cross beams (46, 47) and lifting units (50, 51) are removable after the installation of the system (10) has been completed, in which the cross beams (46, 47) are removed laterally from the supporting structure (15) or, when reinstalled, are inserted laterally and fixed therein.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a lifting device (65) is used for assembling or disassembling cross beams (46, 47, 66) of the lifting system (25) into or from the support structure (15, 70), such that this lifting device (65) with a cross beam (46, 47, 66) fastened to it is lifted up by means of a crane next to the lifting system (25) of the support structure (15, 70) and this cross beam is inserted laterally into the support structure (15, 70) and mounted, whereas during disassembly the lifted lifting device (65) is connected to a cross beam (46, 47, 66) in each case and the latter is moved laterally out of the support structure (15, 70) by it, and that this is repeated until all cross beams (46, 47, 66) have been assembled or are dismantled.

8. System with a supporting structure and at least one heavy load held therein, the system having been built according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 7, the supporting structure (15) preferably being provided with supporting elements assembled one above the other and the heavy load (20) being mountable therein, characterized in that the lifting system (25) has lifting units (50, 51) arranged in the supporting structure (15), in each of which longitudinal elements (34) are held so as to be displaceable in their longitudinal direction, which extend through the supporting structure (15) and can be connected to the heavy load (20) to be mounted.

9. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the lifting system (25) is provided with a base frame (44) carried in the support structure (15) and forming a cavity (44'), with cross beams (46, 47) held thereon and the plurality of lifting units (50, 51) mounted thereon, in which the longitudinal elements (34) each extend through a cross beam (46, 47) and the base frame (44).

10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that on the base frame (44) two cross beams (46, 47) arranged in pairs on the inside of the support structure (15) and on these the lifting units (50) are mounted, which are positioned so that the longitudinal elements (34) extending through them and which can be articulated at the connection points (32, 33, 38) of the reactor (20) are aligned approximately vertically in the lifting state in order to avoid bending moments in these longitudinal elements (34), which are usually manufactured as strands.

11. System according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that two lower cross beams (47) rest on the base frame (44) and two upper cross beams (46) aligned transversely to these lower ones are held on the base frame (44) by spacers (46') above the lower cross beams (47), these paired cross beams (46, 47) being arranged at a distance from one another.

12. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that Longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting system (25) can be connected at connection points (38) on the support frame (39) below the fuselage (23) in its central region at the reactor (20) so that the reactor (20) can be guided through the lifting system (25) to its final position and can be fastened in the support structure.

13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the reactor (20) can be guided through the base frame (44) to such an extent that it can be fixed with its support frame (39) below the fuselage (23) in the base frame (44) in the support structure (15).

14. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the connection points (38) are placed on the underside of the support frame (39) of the reactor (20), which can be connected to the longitudinal elements (34) of the lifting units (51) on the upper cross members (46) of the lifting system (25) so that the support frame (39) of the reactor (20) can be lifted into the base frame (44) and fixed therein.

15. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the lifting units (50, 51) are each provided with a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit and at the upper end of the piston or at the lower end of the cylinder respectively with a clamping device with radially adjustable clamps for alternately holding or release of the longitudinal element(s) (34) which are guided internally through a central through-opening of the piston-cylinder unit.

16. System according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the lifting device (65) is composed of a guide rail (67), a fastening means (72) and a counterweight (64) with an adjusting member (71), wherein the guide rail (67) with the end-side fastening means (72) is laterally connected to the respective cross member (46, 47, 66) and the latter can be conveyed laterally into or out of the supporting structure after connection during assembly or disassembly.

Images