Control element and arrangement for switching voltages

Abstract

The invention relates to a control element (4) for arrangements (1) for switching voltages and the corresponding arrangement (1), having electrical components (18), which are connected to one another and arranged in a common housing (24), wherein the connected electrical components (18) are arranged in the housing (24) in a specified shape. The arrangement comprises at least one vacuum interrupter (2) and at least one support (3) for arranging at least one control element (4) on the at least one vacuum interrupter (2), wherein the at least one control element (4) comprises a housing (24) and a plurality of electrical components (18) arranged in the housing (24) and is comprised by at least one support (3).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Control element and arrangement for switching voltages

[0003] The invention relates to a control element for voltage switching arrangements and the corresponding arrangement, comprising electrical components that are interconnected and arranged in a common housing. The arrangement comprises at least one vacuum interrupter and at least one carrier for arranging at least one control element on the at least one vacuum interrupter.

[0004] Arrangements for switching voltages include, for example, vacuum interrupters or vacuum switches, which serve as switching elements in circuit breakers. A vacuum interrupter comprises switching contacts that can be moved relative to one another and are arranged in a vacuum interrupter chamber, i.e. in an evacuated chamber. In high-voltage technology, such vacuum interrupters are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum interrupters, in particular those included in switching arrangements, are low-maintenance, durable and are driven simply and reliably, in particular via motors and / or spring-loaded drives. For high voltage requirements, arrangements with several vacuum interrupters are used, for example, whose switching paths are electrically connected in series, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 208 419 A1.Alternatively, vacuum interrupters with several switching paths are used, particularly in one vacuum interrupter.

[0005] In the case of multiple vacuum interrupters and / or vacuum interrupters with multiple switching paths, the aim is to achieve a voltage distribution adapted to the vacuum interrupters when the switching paths of the vacuum interrupters are open, i.e., to prevent overloading of individual vacuum interrupters or areas of a vacuum interrupter. For example, in the case of multiple vacuum interrupters or switching paths of the same type connected in series, the aim is to achieve the most even voltage distribution possible between the vacuum interrupters or vacuum interrupters or switching paths.

[0006] In order to achieve the desired voltage distribution between the vacuum interrupters or switching paths, passive electrical components such as varistors, resistors, diodes, coils and / or capacitors are connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters as control elements. In the case of, for example, two vacuum interrupters connected in series, the control elements connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters ideally enable a voltage distribution of essentially 50:50 between the vacuum interrupters when the voltage is applied at a steady state. Distortions in the voltage distribution when switching off, e.g. due to currents from, for example, control capacitors or residual currents from, for example, vacuum interrupters, can be diverted by varistors.This prevents overloading of the vacuum interrupters at high voltages and / or currents, and the switching arrangement, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker, is designed to be durable and reliable.

[0007] Control elements for vacuum interrupters have values ​​which are difficult to achieve cost-effectively using individual electrical components. For arrangements for switching high voltages in the range of several kilovolts and / or high currents in the range of several hundred amperes, capacitors, in particular ceramic capacitors, with capacitance values ​​in the range of, for example, 10 to 4000 pF are necessary. Resistors, in particular ohmic resistors, have values ​​which are in the range of a few ohms up to several hundred thousand ohms. The control elements must be designed for the currents and voltages of the vacuum interrupters, i.e. for voltages in the range of greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes. In order to achieve such values ​​cost-effectively and easily, several electrical components are interconnected as a control element.Electrical arcing must not occur across the control elements. Therefore, the control elements are housed in a separate housing containing insulating gas, or are encapsulated with the vacuum interrupter in a common housing, e.g., encapsulated with epoxy resin in a control cabinet. Replacing defective control elements is therefore difficult or impossible, and the arrangement with vacuum interrupter and control elements is complex to manufacture, inflexible, and cost-effective.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of specifying a control element for arrangements for switching voltages and an arrangement for switching voltages with, in particular, a previously described control element, which can be produced simply and inexpensively, are designed for high voltages and / or currents, and enable simple replacement of control elements, in particular in the previously described arrangements for switching voltages, which enables, for example, simple and inexpensive maintenance.

[0009] The object is achieved according to the invention by a control element for arrangements for switching voltages having the features of claim 1 and by an arrangement for switching voltages having, in particular, a previously described control element according to claim 9. Advantageous embodiments of the control element according to the invention for arrangements for switching voltages and of the arrangement for switching voltages according to the invention are specified in the subclaims. Subject matter with features of the main claims can be combined with one another and with features of subclaims and features of the subclaims with one another. A control element according to the invention for arrangements for switching voltages comprises electrical components which are interconnected and arranged in a common housing. The interconnected electrical components in the housing are arranged in a predetermined form.A given form describes a specific, previously selected, particularly permanently stable form.

[0010] Control elements for arrangements for switching voltages with electrical components in a common housing, which have a predetermined shape, enable the arrangement of, for example, a predetermined number of components in the housing, in particular in an optimized shape, in order to arrange a large number of components in the housing in a space-saving manner, without electrical arcing between components at high voltages, and thus enable high voltages and / or currents, for example in vacuum interrupters, to be controlled. Instead of producing a control element from a single component which can control high voltages and / or currents, the use of many components with, in particular, small values, for example resistance values, capacitances and / or inductances, enables simple and cost-effective production of the control elements, which are designed for high voltages and / or currents and, for example,a simple and cost-effective replacement of components in control elements in the event of damage and / or maintenance.

[0011] The predetermined shape of the control elements can be a helix, double helix and / or staircase shape, in particular a straight or spiral staircase shape. With a particularly circular-cylindrical housing and a helix and / or double helix shape, a compact, space-saving arrangement of electrical components in the housing is possible, with a large number of components. With a staircase shape, in particular a straight or spiral staircase shape, for example in the case of cuboid or cylindrical housings, many electrical components can be arranged in the housing, in a particularly compact and space-saving manner. Other possible shapes are, for example, ladder shapes, which enable housings to be of low height, wherein fewer electrical components can be arranged in a housing with a ladder shape compared to a staircase shape with steps.

[0012] A support element may be provided that is designed to support the electrical components in a dimensionally stable manner. Such a support element enables a long-term stable arrangement of the electrical components in the housing.

[0013] The common housing can be formed from a potting compound and / or filled with a potting compound. The potting compound can comprise or be epoxy resin, silicone, and / or polyurethane. Epoxy resin, silicone, and / or polyurethane are well suited to arranging electrical components in a dimensionally stable, permanent manner and to electrically insulating them. This prevents damage to the electrical components and protects the electrical components from the environment. The electrical components are also well electrically insulated from one another and / or from the environment, particularly to prevent electrical flashovers at high voltages.

[0014] The common housing can be formed from at least two shell elements, in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements. This allows for a simple arrangement of the electrical components in the housing and a simple assembly of the housing, in particular reversibly, e.g., by click, clamp, and / or screw connections of the housing shell elements. It also enables the dimensionally stable arrangement of housings, e.g., on rods of a support.

[0015] The housing can be made of an insulating material, in particular a plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and / or silicone, and / or comprise these materials. An insulating housing, in particular with or made of plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and / or silicone, is well suited to electrically insulating the electrical components from the environment in order to prevent electrical flashovers.

[0016] The electrical components can comprise at least one electrical resistor, at least one capacitor, in particular a control capacitor, at least one diode, at least one coil and / or at least one varistor. These electrical components are well suited to enabling control, in particular shutdown, of an arrangement for switching voltages, in particular a vacuum interrupter. Electrical resistors, capacitors, in particular control capacitors, diodes, coils and varistors as electrical components are simple and inexpensive to obtain, in particular as standard components. Capacitors and resistors are well suited to shutdown or to setting a desired voltage distribution between vacuum interrupters and / or across a vacuum interrupter. Varistors are particularly well suited to diverting residual currents during shutdown, i.e.Switching off a vacuum interrupter, thus preventing damage or even destruction. Control elements that include or are capacitors and / or electrical resistors and / or varistors are therefore well suited to enabling the deactivation of vacuum interrupters.

[0017] An arrangement according to the invention for switching voltages comprises at least one vacuum interrupter and at least one carrier for arranging at least one control element, in particular a previously described control element, on the at least one vacuum interrupter. The at least one control element comprises a housing and a plurality of electrical components arranged in the housing. The at least one control element is enclosed by the at least one carrier or is arranged on or in it. By arranging control elements on vacuum interrupters via carriers, it is possible to control the vacuum interrupters, with the advantages described above, the carriers enabling a simple, cost-effective, flexible and reversible arrangement which is mechanically stable. The control elements can be interconnected via the carrier and / or the vacuum interrupter.The advantages of the described control elements on vacuum interrupters, each with a housing and several electrical components in the housing, are as previously described for control elements.

[0018] The at least one carrier can be cage-shaped, and / or the electrical components can be interconnected and arranged in the housing, in particular in a helical shape. The use of a carrier in cage shape enables a simple, quick and cost-effective arrangement of control elements on a vacuum interrupter, in particular with a distance, e.g. in the range of millimeters or centimeters, of the control elements from the vacuum interrupter. The carrier can be prefabricated or assembled, whereby a quick and simple assembly of the arrangement according to the invention is possible, by arranging the cage-shaped carrier in particular around the vacuum interrupter. The cage shape enables better heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter into the environment compared with a solid, in particular closed, carrier. Especially at high currents it is possible for large amounts of heat to be transferred into or out of the vacuum interrupter.on the vacuum interrupter, which can lead to damage or even destruction of the vacuum interrupter. Good heat transfer from the vacuum interrupter enables reliable, long-term stable operation of the vacuum interrupter, even at high currents. The arrangement of the electrical components in a housing protects them from environmental influences and enables electrical insulation from the outside in order to avoid, for example, electrical arcing and / or short circuits. An arrangement of the electrical components, which can be interconnected and arranged in a helical shape in the housing, enables the formation of control elements for switching off with the necessary values ​​of, for example, resistance, capacitance and / or inductance, and the production of the necessary circuits for switching off, whereby the helical arrangement enables a compact design.

[0019] The at least one support can comprise rods, in particular with a circular and / or elliptical cross-section, and the rods can consist of an insulator material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and / or PCTFE, or can comprise insulator material. Rods are simple and inexpensive to produce, easy to process, and can be easily and quickly assembled into a cage. Rods made of an insulator material, in particular the materials described above, enable a cage which does not result in electrical arcing along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter.

[0020] The at least one carrier can comprise metallic shields, in particular circular and / or hollow cylindrical shields, in particular made of copper, aluminum and / or steel. The at least one control element and / or rods can be arranged between shields. The at least one vacuum interrupter can comprise shielding elements which can be electrically contacted with the shields of the at least one carrier, in particular via electrically conductive springs. Control elements can be electrically contacted and connected via the shields of the carrier, in particular via elements of the vacuum interrupter such as metal shields or shield elements. Circular and / or hollow cylindrical shields of the carrier can be arranged simply and easily around the circumference of a vacuum interrupter. The use of highly conductive materials, in particular metals such as e.g.Copper, aluminum, and / or steel enable good electrical contact between the control elements of the support and, in particular, the shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter, with the advantages described above. The arrangement of at least one control element and / or the rods between shields enables a simple and cost-effective construction of a support, particularly a cage-shaped one.

[0021] Springs provide a cost-effective, simple, and long-lasting means of electrical contact, even under vibration. When the carrier is arranged on the vacuum interrupter, springs enable good, reversibly detachable electrical contact, which can be formed quickly and easily, in particular automatically, during arrangement. The control elements can be connected easily, cost-effectively, and with long-term stability via the shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter and the shields of the carrier, with the advantages described above. Controlling vacuum interrupters, in particular those connected in series, via control elements on the carriers assigned to the vacuum interrupters is therefore simple, cost-effective, and reliable, with a compact design of the arrangement according to the invention.

[0022] The at least one carrier can be designed such that the carrier can be pushed and / or displaced, in particular reversibly, over the at least one vacuum interrupter. This enables a simple, cost-effective and reversible arrangement of the carrier on or, in particular, around the circumference of the vacuum interrupter. This enables simple and cost-effective assembly of the arrangement according to the invention, and with a reversible arrangement, parts can be replaced easily and cost-effectively, for example during maintenance work. This enables simple maintenance, which increases the reliability and longevity of the arrangement according to the invention.

[0023] The at least one support can be segmented, in particular composed of half-shell-shaped cage segments. The use of half-shell-shaped segments, in particular, enables simple, cost-effective, and rapid assembly, with the advantages described above, even for supports that cannot be slid over a vacuum interrupter. The segments can also have other shapes; for example, quarter-shell or other segments can be used instead of half-shells.

[0024] The arrangement can comprise a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular designed for switching voltages in the range of greater than and / or equal to 52 kV, in particular with at least two vacuum interrupters which are connected in series or in parallel. The advantages described above apply in particular to high-voltage circuit breakers and / or at high voltages and currents. At high voltages, a series connection of vacuum interrupters and / or a control circuit may be necessary in order to be able to switch a voltage reliably and with long-term stability. Furthermore, at high currents, cooling of the vacuum interrupter and heat dissipation away from the vacuum interrupter can be essential for long-term stable, reliable operation.The previously described advantages of the control and the carrier with control elements for a respective vacuum interrupter apply to vacuum interrupters themselves, in that segments of a vacuum interrupter are controlled, and apply to several vacuum interrupters, whereby in particular the vacuum interrupters can additionally be controlled from one another or from one another.

[0025] The vacuum interrupters can each comprise at least one shell and at least one fixed contact as well as at least one movable contact, wherein the at least one shell can comprise at least one ceramic segment, at least one bellows, at least one shielding element and / or at least one metal shield. Such a construction enables a simple and cost-effective vacuum interrupter, which can, for example, be soldered or whose parts can be assembled by soldering. The shielding elements and / or metal shields enable contacting and interconnection of control elements, as described above, with the advantages described above.

[0026] In the following, embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the figures and described in more detail below.

[0027] The

[0028] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of components 18 of a control element 4, electrically connected in series, for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, and

[0029] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of components 18 of a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, electrically connected in parallel, with resistor 19, capacitor 20, diodes 21, coil 22 and varistor 23 as electrical components 18, and

[0030] Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of the components 18 of Figure 1 arranged in a helix shape as a predetermined shape, and

[0031] Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the components 18 of Figure 2 arranged in a double helix shape as a predetermined form, and

[0032] Figure 5 shows a side view of the interconnected components 18 of a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages arranged in or on a support element 25, and

[0033] Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a support element 25 with components 18, which are interconnected, of a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, and

[0034] Figure 7 schematically shows an arrangement 1 according to the invention for switching voltages in a sectional view along a longitudinal axis of a vacuum interrupter 2, wherein a cage-shaped carrier 3 for arranging control elements 4 according to the invention is arranged on the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0035] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of electrical components 18 which are connected in series. The components 18 lie in one plane and are arranged in a ladder-like or serpentine shape. Another possible shape is, for example, a spiral shape, which, when depicted in one plane, results in a serpentine shape. The components 18 are each separate electrical components 18 which are, for example, each encapsulated, e.g., with plastic and / or varnish. The components 18 each have, for example, two terminals via which an electrical connection or interconnection is established, between one another and / or with external circuits.

[0036] 2 shows the electrical components 18, for example a resistor 19, a capacitor 20, two diodes 21, in particular with opposite blocking directions, a coil 22 and a varistor 23. Further components 18 are possible and / or in different numbers, e.g. two or more resistors 19 connected to two or more capacitors 20, one, three or more diodes 21, with the same or opposite blocking directions, two or more coils 22 and / or two or more varistors 23. In Figure 2, the electrical components 18 are electrically connected or connected in parallel to one another. Other circuits are also possible, e.g. a combination of series connection and parallel connection. One example is the series connection of a resistor 19 and a capacitor 20, each connected in parallel with a varistor 23. The components in Figure 2 are, for example, in conductor form, i.e. h . with ladder steps arranged in one level .Other possible forms of arrangement are, for example, spiral shapes, which also result in ladder shapes when shown in the plane.

[0037] In Figure 3, the electrical components 18 are connected in series, similar to Figure 1, and arranged in a predetermined shape. The shape in Figure 3 is a helical shape. The conductor shape of Figure 1 is twisted along a longitudinal axis of the conductor shape, in particular, uniformly twisted with a uniformly progressive angle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along the length of the conductor.

[0038] In Figure 4, the electrical components 18 are connected in parallel, similar to Figure 2, and arranged in a predetermined shape. The shape in Figure 4 is a double helix shape. The conductor shape of Figure 2 with two longitudinal struts which are connected to one another by transverse steps is twisted along a longitudinal axis of the conductor shape, in particular uniformly twisted with a uniformly advancing angle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along the length of the conductor. The components 18 can be the same, different or combinations of components 18, e.g. in one transverse step a series connection of resistor 19 and capacitor 20, with a varistor 23 connected in parallel in a further transverse step.

[0039] 5 shows a side view of a support element 25. The support element 25 is designed to hold the connected electrical components 18 in a predetermined shape or to support them mechanically. The support element 25 is made, for example, from an insulating material, in particular a plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, a composite material and / or silicone, or comprises these materials. The support element 25 has a surface which has the shape of the connected components 18 and on which the components are arranged or can be arranged. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, the surface is a screw surface, in particular a spiral surface. The spiral surface can be continuous or, for example, run around a central column arranged centrally in the support element 25, which column is not shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of simplicity. The support element 25 is designed to be accommodated in a housing 24, such as a housing 24. B.shown in Figure 7, which is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, in particular with a circular or elliptical base. For this purpose, an outer envelope surface of the support element 25 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, in particular with a circular or elliptical base. The housing 24 is, for example, shell-shaped, ie made of one or more composable pieces, in particular the shell elements 26, which form a hollow body. For example, the housing 24 is composed of at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements 26, which together form a hollow-cylindrical body.

[0040] Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the support element 25 in a sectional view. The support element 25 of Figure 6 is designed analogously to Figure 5, with the exception of the central column arranged centrally in the support element 25. The column is replaced by a recess, and the spiral surface is supported on an outer hollow cylinder, in particular with a circular or elliptical base. The material of the spiral surface and the hollow cylinder are identical. Alternatively, different materials can also be used.

[0041] Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of an arrangement 1 according to the invention for switching voltages. The arrangement 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 2 and a carrier 3 with control elements 4 for switching off the vacuum interrupter 2. The control elements 4 are shown schematically in the figure and are the previously described control elements 4 according to the invention, e.g. with electrical resistors 19, capacitors 20 and / or varistors 23. A control element 4 comprises, for example, a single type of electrical component 18 which is interconnected, or different types of electrical components 18 which are interconnected. The control elements 4 are switched or connected in accordance with the structure and / or connection of the vacuum interrupter 2. E.g.Two vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, in particular arranged one behind the other on a common axis, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity. In such an embodiment, the voltage is divided essentially 50:50 between the two vacuum interrupters 2, for example by capacitors 20 connected in parallel to each vacuum interrupter 2 in series with resistors 19, wherein at least one varistor 23 is connected in parallel to the capacitors 20 and resistors 19 connected in series or to the respective vacuum interrupter 2.

[0042] 7, control elements 4 are connected to control a vacuum interrupter 2. The vacuum interrupter 2 comprises a fixed contact 10 and a movable contact 11, each of which comprises a cylindrical contact rod or bolt and a disk-shaped contact plate inside the vacuum interrupter 2, the contact rods projecting from the inside into the outside of the vacuum interrupter for electrical contact with the vacuum interrupter 2, and are arranged with their longitudinal axes on a common axis. The movable contact 11 is guided outwards so as to be movable via a bellows 13, which is arranged, for example, on a circular closure element 17, in particular in the shape of a cover. The fixed contact 10 is guided, in particular centrally, in a gas-tight manner, through a second circular closure element 17, in particular in the shape of a cover, and is firmly soldered to the latter. Further fastenings, such as, for example,Clamping, gluing, welding and / or screwing are also possible. The fixed and movable contacts 10, 11 are made of electrically conductive materials, for example, copper, aluminum and / or steel. The vacuum interrupter 2 is switched, in particular switched on and off, by moving the movable contact 11, in particular driven by a drive such as a motor and / or a spring-loaded drive and elements of a kinematic chain, e.g. a drive rod and gear elements. The drive and the elements of the kinematic chain are not shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity. When switched on, the movable contact 11 is moved towards the fixed contact 10 until both contacts 10, 11 are in electrical and mechanical contact, i.e. the current path across the contacts 10 and 11 is closed.When switching off, the movable contact 11 is moved away from the fixed contact 10 until a gap exists between contacts 10 and 11, which is sufficient to interrupt the electrical contact without arcing between contacts 10, 11, i.e., the current path across contacts 10 and 11 is opened or interrupted. For switching voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, i.e., at high voltage, a gap of up to several centimeters is necessary.

[0043] The contacts 10 and 11 are spatially enclosed by a vacuum. For this purpose, the contacts 10 and 11 are arranged in a casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2, which is vacuum-tight and evacuated on the inside. In the area of ​​the contacts 10 and 11, the casing 9 comprises, for example, a metal shield as the main shield 14, e.g. made of steel, aluminum and / or copper. The metal shield 14 is, for example, hollow cylindrical in shape, with rounded ends to prevent excessive voltage peaks at the ends. The ends protrude, for example, into the vacuum interrupter 2 and are designed as vapor shields. The metal shield 14 spatially encloses the contacts 10, 11. Ceramic segments 12 are connected to the ends of the metal shield 14 in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular by soldering. The ceramic segments 12 are, for example, hollow cylindrical in shape, with a circular cross-section. In the embodiment of Figure 7, for example, two ceramic segments 12 are arranged on each side of the metal shield 14.Alternatively, all ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on one side of the metal shield 14, or one, three, or more ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on each side of the metal shield 14. The structure of the vacuum interrupter 2 can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, e.g., with a different number of ceramic segments 12 on each side and / or ceramic segments 12 of different lengths. The casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2 is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner by the closure elements 17, in particular made of copper, aluminum, and / or steel, on each side in conjunction with the contacts 10, 11, and on the side of the movable contact 11 in conjunction with the bellows 13, which, for example, consists of steel and / or comprises steel.

[0044] For example, shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 are arranged between ceramic segments 12, in particular one shielding element 7 between each two adjacent ceramic segments 12. In this case, for example, at least one shielding element 7 is arranged between all adjacent ceramic segments 12, or ceramic segments 12 can be omitted, and shielding elements 7 are arranged only between certain ceramic segments 12, while the remaining ceramic segments 12 are connected to one another, in particular directly, e.g. via solder. Shielding elements 7 are, for example, hollow-cylindrical or hat-brimmed and protrude a few millimeters up to centimeters beyond the outer circumference of the ceramic segments 7. In the interior of the vacuum interrupter 2, the shielding elements 7 can each be designed as a vapor shield. The elements of the casing 9, such asThe main shield 14, the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, the ceramic segments 12, the closure elements 17, and the bellows 13 are, for example, soldered to one another, in particular with solder, and connected to the fixed contact 10 by soldering, in particular with solder. Other connection options include gluing, clamping, screwing, pressing, and / or welding.

[0045] The vacuum interrupter 2 is fixedly mounted or held, in particular at the ends, by at least one holder 15, 16. The holder 15 on the side of the fixed contact 10 is, for example, cylindrical and made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and / or aluminum. The fixed contact 10 is, for example, firmly connected to the holder 15, e.g., screwed into the holder 15. Alternatively, the contact 10 can be guided through the holder 15 to an external electrical connection, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity. The holder 16 of the movable contact 11 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical and made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and / or aluminum. Alternatively, the holders 15, 16 can be made of a plastic, e.g., plastic, PTFE, PCTFE, or a composite material, in particular GRP, i.e., fiber-reinforced plastic.The movable contact 11 is movably guided by the holder 16, in particular to an external electrical connection, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity. The holders 15, 16 are arranged, for example, in an external housing, e.g., a control cabinet, a GIS housing, a grounded metal tank, or a particularly ribbed insulator housing, which is also not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.

[0046] As shown in Figure 7, the vacuum interrupter 2 is spatially enclosed by the carrier 3 according to the invention. The carrier 3 is cage-shaped, wherein a cage is a closed container whose sides are perforated. The carrier 3 comprises control elements 4 and, for example, rods 5, which are arranged between shields 6. The carrier 3 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, wherein the free spaces on the cylinder jacket between the elements of the carrier 3, in particular the control elements 4, rods 5 and / or shields 6, result in the perforation. The rods 5 are, for example, elongated, cylindrical in shape, with a particularly circular and / or elliptical cross-section, and comprise or consist of, for example, insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and / or PCTFE. The shields 6 are, for examplemetallic shields 6 made of highly electrically conductive copper, aluminum, and / or steel, or comprise copper, aluminum, and / or steel. The shields 6 can also be or comprise insulators, whereby the control elements 4 can be interconnected, for example, via electrical lines, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.

[0047] The shields 6 are, for example, disc-shaped, i.e., circular and / or hollow-cylindrical, with a hole in the center, in particular in the manner of a hat brim or washer. Their thickness can range, for example, from the millimeter range up to a few centimeters. To prevent excessive voltages, the shields 6 are rounded at the edges, in particular on the outer circumference. On the inner circumference, for example, electrically conductive springs 8 or spring elements are arranged to enable good electrical contact between shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and shields 6 of the carrier 3. The springs 8 comprise, for example, leaf and / or helical springs, in particular made of highly conductive steel, copper and / or aluminum.

[0048] The screens 6 are arranged in the support 3, for example, in such a way that the flat plane of the screens 6 is congruent with a horizontal sectional plane through a support 3, in particular a circular-cylindrical one, i.e. parallel to the top and base surface of the support 3, in particular a circular-cylindrical one, i.e. perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. In particular, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support 3, the rods 5 are arranged with their respective longitudinal axes between the screens 6, e.g. at regular intervals on the outer circumference of the support 3. For example, two, three, four or more rods can be arranged at equal intervals from one another along the circumference of the support, on common axes along the longitudinal axis of the support, or offset from one another between different screens 6. Alternatively, the rods 5 can also be arranged irregularly along the outer circumference of the support 3. The rods 5 are, for example, screwed, glued, clamped, welded and / or soldered to the screens 6.Rods 5 are arranged on the umbrellas 6, for example, offset inwards from the outer circumference of the umbrellas 6, in particular by millimeters.

[0049] The carrier 3 is for arranging and / or connecting control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 or to vacuum interrupters 2. For the sake of simplicity, the embodiment of Figure 7 shows a single vacuum interrupter 2 with a single carrier 3. The basic principle of the carrier 3 or multiple carriers 3 arranged along vacuum interrupters 2 is transferable to multiple vacuum interrupters 2. The control elements 4 are arranged between shields 6 as an alternative or in addition to rods 5. Control elements 4 are or comprise, for example, capacitors 20, i.e., control capacitors, resistors 19, diodes 21, coils 22 and / or varistors 23, as previously described. An electrical circuit or connection of the control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 comprises, for example, capacitors 20, i.e.,Control capacitors, resistors 19, diodes 21, coils 22 and / or varistors 23 in control elements 4 are arranged and / or connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Alternatively or additionally, capacitors 20 and resistors 19 can be connected in series to one another in one control element 4 or in several control elements 4, and can be arranged and / or connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Varistors 23, for example in their own control elements 4 or in control elements 4 with other components 18, can be arranged and / or connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, e.g.parallel to control elements 4 with capacitors 20 and / or resistors 19 or to a respective control element 4 with capacitors 20 and / or to a control element 4 with resistors 19, and / or in series to control elements 4 with respective capacitors 20 and control elements 4 with respective resistors 19 and / or to a control element 4 with series-connected capacitors 20 and resistors 19.

[0050] The control elements 4 are fastened to the shields 6 in a similar way to the rods 5, e.g. by soldering, welding, clamping, gluing and / or screwing, and are in particular electrically connected to the shields 6 or interconnected via them, wherein electrical contact can be created via springs 8 with shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and thus with vapor shields inside the vacuum interrupter 2, in the case of metallic shields 6. Control elements 4 can be arranged in addition to rods 5 or as an alternative to rods 5, wherein the control elements 4 replace the rods 5. The control elements 4 are, for example, fastened directly to the shields 6 or via intermediate pieces, in particular with good electrical conductivity. The arrangement of rods 5 and / or control elements 4 in or on the support 3 is regular, e.g. along common longitudinal axes and / or at regular intervals, in particular parallel to one another. Alternatively, an arrangement is made in or .on the support 3 offset from one another, i.e. between different pairs of shields 6, rods 5 and / or control elements 4 are located on different longitudinal axes, e.g. offset by equal distances or irregularly offset by different distances along the circumference of the support 3. The rods 5 and / or control elements 4 can also be arranged obliquely, in particular on axes with an angle other than zero, e.g. 45 degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the support 3. The support 3 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, with an inner diameter larger, in particular millimeters to centimeters larger in circumference and / or diameter than the outer diameter of the vacuum interrupter 2. The shape of a recess or the cavity inside the support 3 is, for example,complementary or substantially complementary to the external shape of the vacuum interrupter 2, particularly in the region of the ceramic segments 12, the metal shield 14, the shield elements 7, and at least one closure element 17 of the vacuum interrupter 2. The carrier 3 is thus designed to spatially encompass the vacuum interrupter 2 and can, for example, be pushed over the vacuum interrupter 2 during assembly of the arrangement 1. A holder 15 or 16, particularly the first holder 15 of the fixed contact 10 of the vacuum interrupter 2, is mechanically connected to the carrier 3; for example, elements of the carrier 3, such as rods 5 and / or control elements 4, are screwed, glued, soldered, welded, or clamped to the holder 15 or 16. The holder 15 or 16 can also be part of the carrier 3. In the embodiment of Figure 7, the cage-shaped carrier 3 or elements of the carrier such as, for example,Rods 5 and / or control elements 4, mechanically connected to the vacuum interrupter 2 or mechanically stably mounted around the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0051] The carrier 3 is open on the opposite side of the holder 15 or 16, which is mechanically and stably connected to the carrier 3, for example, so that the vacuum interrupter 2 can be pushed into the carrier during assembly of the arrangement 1 and can be fastened to the holder 15 or 16, for example by screwing, clamping and / or pushing the vacuum interrupter 2 with its in particular fixed contact 10 into the holder 15 or 16 on the carrier 3. The opposite holder 15 or 16 is fastened to the vacuum interrupter 2 in a subsequent step of the assembly or mounting of the arrangement 1, this holder being designed as a hollow cylinder, for example, so that the contact 11 is movably mounted in the holder 15 or 16.

[0052] This makes it possible to switch the vacuum interrupter 2 .

[0053] The carrier 3 is, for example, as shown in Figure 7, arranged at a distance from the second holder 16 on the side of the vacuum interrupter 2 of the movable contact 11, or is mechanically firmly connected to the second holder 16, for example by screwing, clamping, gluing, welding and / or soldering elements of the carrier 3, such as rods 5 and / or control elements 4, in the second holder 16, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity. This enables a mechanical, long-term stable arrangement of the carrier 3 around the vacuum interrupter 2. The control elements 4 of the carrier 3 are electrically connected to one another and to the vacuum interrupter 2, for example via the metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular via electrically conductive springs or Spring elements 8 , via the metallic main screen 14 , and / or e.g.via at least one holder 15, 16, in particular in connection with the contacts 10 and / or 11 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Further connection options can be provided, e.g. via electrically conductive spacers, electrical cables and / or metallic rods 5. The control elements 4 are controlled and / or regulated, for example, in a self-regulating manner or via an external electrical control and / or further electrical components such as, for example, resistors, diodes, coils, capacitors and / or semiconductor devices or semiconductor chips.

[0054] For electrical contacting of metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular via electrically conductive springs or spring elements 8, it is advantageous to make the distances between metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 equal, e.g. with equal distances in the range of centimeters in particular. For this purpose, rods 5 and / or control elements 4, which are each arranged between two shields 6, can have the same length, such as ceramic segments 12 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Ceramic segments 12 have, for example, a length and a circumference in the range of centimeters. This results in the vacuum interrupter 2, for example, a length in the range of 30 to 100 centimeters in particular, and a circumference in the range of 10 to 100 centimeters in particular.The dimensions of the carrier 3 are in the same range, whereby the carrier 3 has a larger circumference than the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0055] Control elements 4 are, for example, capacitors 20 and / or resistors 19 in commercially available sizes, the capacitors being, in particular, ceramic capacitors, for example, with values ​​of the capacitance of individual capacitors in the range from 10 to 4000 pF. This results in a total capacitance of the arrangement in the range from, for example, 10 to 4000 pF. Resistors are, in particular, ohmic resistors, for example, with values ​​of individual resistors in the range of a few ohms, or a few hundred ohms, or a few thousand ohms, or up to a few hundred thousand ohms. This results in a total resistance in the range of a few ohms, or a few hundred ohms, or a few thousand ohms, or up to a few hundred thousand ohms.

[0056] The control elements 4 have, for example, a cylindrical, rectangular, elliptical and / or shell shape. The control elements 4 make it possible to control voltages via vacuum interrupters 2. Vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, in particular for switching high voltages in the range of greater than or equal to 52 kV. Alternatively or additionally, vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in parallel, in particular for switching high currents in the range of several hundred amperes.

[0057] Voltages can be distributed evenly or differently, in a predetermined manner, via the selection of the control elements 4 and their connection to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or vacuum interrupters 2, and / or to elements of the vacuum interrupters 2, such as ceramic segments 12 of different lengths. The arrangement of the control elements 4 on the vacuum interrupter 2 or the vacuum interrupters 2 via one or more supports 3 enables a compact, space-saving design, which enables a cost-effective, spatially minimized housing, and in particular the use of insulating gases, such as clean air, i.e. purified air, with small or minimized and / or standard dimensions of housings.

[0058] The control elements 4 according to the invention described above are, for example, cylindrical in shape, with a circular or elliptical base. Other shapes are possible, e.g., rectangular, square, or truncated cone-shaped control elements 4. A control element 4 comprises the interconnected electrical components 18 arranged in a predetermined shape in a housing 24. The housing 24 can, for example, be formed by a potting compound or be filled with a potting compound. The potting compound comprises or is, for example, epoxy resin, silicone, and / or polyurethane. As an alternative to a housing 24 formed from a potting compound, the housing 24 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical, as described above, and formed from one piece or from at least two shell elements 26, in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements 26.

[0059] The electrical components 18 are arranged in the housing 24 in a predetermined shape, in particular supported by at least one or more support elements 25, as shown, for example, in Figures 5 and 6. Alternatively, the electrical components 18 are arranged in the housing 24 without support elements 25 in a dimensionally stable manner, e.g., stabilized by a previously described potting compound or self-stabilizing, e.g., in air or an insulating gas, e.g., SF6, CO2, or clean air. When arranging the electrical components 18 in the housing 24, the electrical components 18, with or without support elements 25, are pushed into the, for example, hollow-cylindrical housing 24, in particular in one piece. In the case of housings 24 which comprise shell elements 26, in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements 26, the control elements 4 can be assembled by arranging the shell elements 26 around the electrical components 18 with or without support elements 25, and e.g.Casting, gluing, clamping, screwing, welding and / or soldering the shell elements 26 together.

[0060] The previously described embodiments can be combined with each other and / or with the prior art. For example, the support 3 and / or the vacuum interrupter 2 can be cylindrical, with a circular cross-section, or other shapes, such as rectangular, cylindrical with an elliptical cross-section, or spherical. The rods 5 can have the same or different lengths and / or cross-sections. The cross-section can be circular, elliptical, or rectangular, for example. The rods 5 are made, for example, of a plastic, in particular GRP, a metal and / or Teflon, PCTFE, glass, and / or ceramic. The contacts 10, 11 are, for example, at least one fixed and at least one movable contact, or two movable contacts, made, for example, of copper, aluminum, and / or steel, with a bolt-shaped part and a plate-shaped part. The plate-shaped part is, for example, provided with slots on its surface to guide arcs.A carrier 3 is arranged, for example, around a vacuum interrupter 2, or around several vacuum interrupters 2, in particular connected in series. Alternatively or additionally, several carriers 3 can be arranged around one another, and / or next to one another and / or one behind the other, in particular in the case of vacuum interrupters 2 connected in series and / or in parallel. The vacuum interrupter 2 or vacuum interrupters 2 are firmly supported or held, in particular at the ends, by one, two or more holders. The carrier 3 is fastened to at least one holder. Alternatively, the carrier 3 is supported, for example, by springs, in particular electrically conductive springs 8. Further or alternative elements for fastening the carrier 3 to the vacuum interrupter 2 are possible, and / or the carrier 3 is supported, for example,by direct contact of the shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3, and / or by direct contact of metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and / or rods 5 with elements of the casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular ceramic segments 12, main shield 14 and / or closure elements.

[0061] 17.

[0062] Electrical components 18 are, for example, electrical resistors 19, capacitors 20, in particular control capacitors, diodes 21, coils 22, and / or varistors 23. Other electrical components are possible, e.g., semiconductor components, in particular transistors, integrated circuits, and / or photodiodes and / or light-emitting diodes. The components 18 are interconnected, for example, by soldering, or by other means such as terminals, screw connections, and / or printed circuit boards. The specified shape of the electrical components

[0063] 18 is long-term stable. This is achieved, for example, by the rigidity of the arranged components 18 themselves, and / or by encapsulation with a encapsulating material, and / or by support elements 25. Housing 24 and support elements 25 are made of or comprise identical or different materials, e.g., composite materials, in particular fiber composite materials, plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and / or silicone. Encapsulating compounds are made of or comprise, for example, epoxy resin, silicone, and / or polyurethane.

[0064] The interconnected electrical components 18 arranged in the housing 24 in a predetermined shape, in particular in a helix, double helix, and / or staircase shape, e.g. straight or spiral staircase shape, enable a compact construction of control elements 4 for arrangements 1 for switching voltages, in particular in the high-voltage range of greater than or equal to 52 kV, e.g. with vacuum interrupters, in particular without the risk of electrical arcing at high voltages.

[0065] The control elements 4 enable the vacuum interrupters to be switched off. Commercially available, inexpensive electrical components, which are designed, for example, for low voltages, can be used for high-voltage applications thanks to the wiring and arrangement in a predetermined form, in particular in the previously described control elements, particularly for switching off vacuum interrupters. This saves costs and enables easy replacement during maintenance, even over longer periods.

[0066] Reference symbol list

[0067] 1 Arrangement for switching voltages

[0068] 2 vacuum interrupters

[0069] 3 carriers

[0070] 4 Control

[0071] 5 bars

[0072] 6 metallic shield of the wearer

[0073] 7 Shielding element of the vacuum interrupter

[0074] 8 electrically conductive spring

[0075] 9 Cover

[0076] 10 fixed contact

[0077] 11 movable contact

[0078] 12 ceramic segments

[0079] 13 Bellows

[0080] 14 Metal umbrella / main umbrella

[0081] 15 first bracket (fixed contact)

[0082] 16 second bracket (movable contact)

[0083] 17 Closure element

[0084] 18 electrical component

[0085] 19 electrical resistance

[0086] 20 Capacitor

[0087] 21 Diode

[0088] 22 coil

[0089] 23 Varistor

[0090] 24 common housing of the components, i.e. housing of the control element

[0091] 25 Support element for components

[0092] 26 shell element

Claims

Patent claims 1. Control element (4) for arrangements (1) for switching voltages, with electrical components (18) which are interconnected and arranged in a common housing (24), characterized in that the interconnected electrical components (18) are arranged in the housing (24) in a predetermined form.

2. Control element (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined shape is a helix, double helix and / or staircase shape, in particular a straight or spiral staircase shape.

3. Control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support element (25) is provided which is designed to support the electrical components (18) in a dimensionally stable manner.

4. Control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the common housing (24) is formed by a potting compound and / or is filled with a potting compound.

5. Control element (4) according to claim 4, characterized in that the casting compound comprises or is epoxy resin, silicone, and / or polyurethane.

6. Control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the common housing (24) is formed from at least two shell elements (26), in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements (26).

7. Control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (24) is made of an iso- lierstoff, in particular a plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and / or silicone.

8. Control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical components (18) comprise at least one electrical resistor (19), at least one capacitor (20), in particular a control capacitor, at least one diode (21), at least one coil (22) and / or at least one varistor (23).

9. Arrangement (1) for switching voltages, with at least one vacuum interrupter (2) and with at least one carrier (3) for arranging at least one control element (4), in particular a control element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, on which at least one vacuum interrupter (2) , characterized in that the at least one control element (4) comprises a housing (24) and several electrical components (18) arranged in the housing (24) and is encompassed by at least one carrier (3).

10. Arrangement (1) for switching voltages according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is cage-shaped, and / or the electrical components (18) are interconnected and arranged in the housing (24), in particular in a helical shape.

11. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) comprises rods (5), in particular with a circular and / or elliptical cross-section and the rods (5) consist of an insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and / or PCTFE or comprise insulating material.

12. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is metallic comprises two shields (6), in particular circular and / or hollow-cylindrical shields (6), in particular made of copper, aluminum and / or steel, and in that the at least one control element (4) and / or rods (5) are arranged between shields (6), and in that the at least one vacuum interrupter (2) comprises shield elements (7) which are electrically contacted with the shields (6) of the at least one carrier (3), in particular via electrically conductive springs (8).

13. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is designed such that the carrier (3) can be pushed and / or displaced, in particular reversibly, over the at least one vacuum interrupter (2).

14. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is designed in a segmental manner, in particular composed of half-shell-shaped cage segments.

15. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the arrangement (1) comprises a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular designed for switching voltages in the range of greater than and / or equal to 52 kV, in particular with at least two or more vacuum interrupters (2) which are connected in series and / or in parallel.

Images