Rail vehicle comprising a fuel cell and a refrigeration unit receiving waste heat from the fuel cell
The integration of a fuel cell and refrigeration unit in a railway vehicle efficiently converts waste heat into cold, addressing high energy expenditure for refrigeration by utilizing a waste heat-driven refrigeration cycle with ammonia, thus optimizing energy use.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2020014127
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing railway vehicles face high energy expenditure for refrigeration, particularly when transporting perishable goods, as the energy required for traction is compounded by the need to produce cold.
A railway vehicle design incorporating a fuel cell to generate electrical energy and waste heat, with a refrigeration unit utilizing this waste heat to produce cold in a cold room, integrated with a cooling system and an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle using ammonia as a refrigerant.
Reduces energy expenditure for cold production by converting otherwise useless waste heat into useful cold, thereby optimizing energy usage and reducing overall refrigeration costs.
Smart Images
Figure 00000007_0000
Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Railway vehicle comprising a fuel cell and a refrigeration unit receiving a flow of fatal heat from the fuel cell
[0001] The present invention relates to a railway vehicle comprising a car having at least one cold room, and a refrigeration unit configured to produce cold in the cold room.
[0002] The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
[0003] Such a railway vehicle is, for example, a freight train transporting perishable goods, requiring refrigeration. The energy to produce the cold is added in particular to the energy consumed for traction.
[0004] An aim of the invention is therefore to reduce the energy expenditure to produce cold.
[0005] To this end, the invention relates to a railway vehicle comprising:
[0006] - a first car comprising at least one suitable fuel cell to produce electrical energy and a fatal heat flow,
[0007] - a second car comprising at least one cold room, and
[0008] - at least one refrigeration unit configured to receive at least part of the fatal heat flow as an energy source and to produce cold in the cold room.
[0009] According to particular embodiments, the railway vehicle comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
[0010] - the railway vehicle further comprises a cooling system for cooling the fuel cell, the cooling system being adapted to send a first flow of cooled fluid into the fuel cell, the fuel cell being adapted to heat the first flow and produce a second flow of heated fluid forming the waste heat flow, the refrigeration unit being adapted to receive at least a portion of the second flow and to produce a third flow of semi-cooled fluid, the cooling system being configured to produce the first flow from at least the third flow;
[0011] - the first flow, the second flow and the third flow are water flows;
[0012] - the cooling system, the fuel cell and the refrigeration unit are configured so that the first stream is at a first temperature between 55°C and 70°C, and so that the second stream is at a second temperature higher than the first temperature and between 60°C and 75°C;
[0013] - the railway vehicle comprises an auxiliary energy source adapted for selectively supply electrical energy to the refrigeration unit;
[0014] - the refrigeration unit comprises an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle;
[0015] - the refrigeration cycle uses ammonia as a refrigerant fluid;
[0016] - the first car and the second car are consecutive in a direction of movement of the railway vehicle; and
[0017] - the railway vehicle further comprises a third adapted tractor car to be powered at least in part by electrical energy produced by the fuel cell, wherein the first car is preferably located between the second car and the third car in a direction of travel of the rail vehicle.
[0018] The invention also relates to a method implementing a railway vehicle as described previously, and comprising the following steps:
[0019] - production of electrical energy and fatal heat flow by the fuel cell combustible,
[0020] - receiving at least part of the fatal heat flow as an energy source by the refrigeration unit, and
[0021] - production of cold in the cold room by the refrigeration unit.
[0022] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the attached drawing, in which:
[0023] [fig. 1] the [fig.l] is a schematic, side, partial view of a vehicle according to the invention.
[0024] With reference to [fig.l], a railway vehicle 10 according to the invention is described.
[0025] The railway vehicle 10 is for example a train providing in particular freight of perishable goods 12.
[0026] The railway vehicle 10 extends in a direction of movement L.
[0027] The railway vehicle 10 comprises for example a first car 14 comprising at least one fuel cell 16 adapted to produce electrical energy 18 and a fatal heat flow 20, a second car 22 comprising at least one cold room 24, and for example a third tractor car 26 advantageously adapted to receive the electrical energy 18 and convert it into mechanical traction power.
[0028] By “waste heat” is meant a production of heat, unwanted and a priori useless, by the fuel cell 16, at a relatively low temperature.
[0029] The railway vehicle 10 also comprises a refrigeration unit 28 configured to receive the fatal heat flow 20 as an energy source and to produce cold 30 in the cold room 24.
[0030] In the example shown, the first car 14 is located between the second car 22 and the third car 26 in the direction of travel L. These three cars are for example consecutive in the railway vehicle 10, the third car 26 being advantageously located at the front of the railway vehicle 10.
[0031] According to variants not shown, the three cars are located differently from each other.
[0032] According to still other variants, not shown, the railway vehicle 10 comprises one or more other cars similar to the first car 14, the second car 22 and / or the third car 26, and / or one or more other cars of different type(s).
[0033] The first car 14 comprises for example a cooling system 32 for cooling the fuel cell 16.
[0034] The cooling system 32 is adapted to send a first flow 34 of cooled fluid into the fuel cell 16, the fuel cell being adapted to heat the first flow 34 and produce a second flow 36 of heated fluid forming the fatal heat flow 20. The cooling system 32 is configured to produce the first flow 34 from a third flow 38 of semi-cooled fluid coming from the refrigeration unit 28.
[0035] According to a variant not shown, the cooling system 32 is configured to produce the first flow 34 also from a part 40 of the second flow 36 coming directly from the fuel cell 16 without passing through the refrigeration unit 28. If the refrigeration unit 28 is not operating, possibly the entire second flow 36 of heated fluid is returned to the cooling system 32.
[0036] The cooling system 32 is for example constituted by an ambient air / liquid exchanger (not shown) adapted to dissipate into the ambient air 42 a portion of the heat contained in the third flow 38, and thus cool the third flow.
[0037] The cooling system 32, the fuel cell 16 and the refrigeration unit 28 are advantageously configured so that the first flow 34 is at a first temperature between 55°C and 70°C, and the second flow 36 at a second temperature higher than the first temperature and between 60°C and 75°C.
[0038] The first flow 34, the second flow 36 and the third flow 38 are for example water flows.
[0039] The second car 22 advantageously comprises an auxiliary energy source 44 adapted to selectively supply electrical energy 46 to the refrigeration unit 28, in particular if the fuel cell 16 is not in operation or if the fuel cell does not deliver enough waste heat.
[0040] The refrigeration unit 28 is adapted to receive at least a portion 37 of the second flow 36 and to produce the third flow 38 of semi-cooled fluid.
[0041] The refrigeration unit 28 advantageously comprises a refrigeration cycle 48 to ad- gas sorption, the refrigeration cycle 48 using, for example, ammonia as a refrigerant.
[0042] Alternatively, the refrigeration unit 28 comprises an absorption refrigeration cycle 48.
[0043] Such a refrigeration cycle is known in itself. According to a model of realization by In particular, the refrigeration cycle 48 is adapted to vaporize the liquid ammonia in the cold room 24 to produce the cold 30.
[0044] Thanks to such a refrigeration cycle, the fatal heat 20, a priori useless, is converted into useful cold 30, despite the second relatively low temperature.
[0045] The operation of the railway vehicle 10 follows from its structure and will be briefly described to illustrate a method according to the invention.
[0046] The fuel cell 16 produces the energy 18 and the fatal heat flow 20. The electrical energy 18 produced is possibly converted and powers at least one motor (not shown) of the third car 26. Alternatively, it can be used, at least in part, to power other energy-consuming components of the railway vehicle 10.
[0047] The fatal heat 20 is, in the example shown, conveyed by the second flow 36 of heated fluid.
[0048] The fatal heat 20 is received by the refrigeration unit 28 as an energy source, the refrigeration unit 28 producing the cold 30 in the cold room 24. In the example, the energy recovered by the refrigeration unit 28 corresponds to the lowering of temperature between the second flow 36 and the third flow 38.
[0049] Optionally, the auxiliary energy source 44 selectively provides additional electrical energy to the refrigeration unit 28.
[0050] Thanks to the above technical characteristics, at least part of the fatal heat 20 of the fuel cell 16 is used to produce the cold 30. The energy expenditure to produce the cold 30 is therefore reduced.
Claims
Claims
1. Railway vehicle (10) comprising: - a first car (14) comprising at least one fuel cell (16) adapted to produce electrical energy (18) and a fatal heat flow (20), - a second car (22) comprising at least one cold room (24), and - at least one refrigeration unit (28) configured to receive at least a portion (37) of the fatal heat flow (20) as an energy source and to produce cold (30) in the cold room (24).
2. The rail vehicle (10) of claim 1, further comprising a cooling system (32) for cooling the fuel cell (16), the cooling system (32) being adapted to send a first flow (34) of cooled fluid into the fuel cell (16), the fuel cell (16) being adapted to heat the first flow (34) and produce a second flow (36) of heated fluid forming the waste heat flow (20), the refrigeration unit (28) being adapted to receive at least a portion (37) of the second flow (36) and to produce a third flow (38) of semi-cooled fluid, the cooling system (32) being configured to produce the first flow (34) from at least the third flow (38).
3. A rail vehicle (10) according to claim 2, wherein the first stream (34), the second stream (36) and the third stream (38) are water streams.
4. A rail vehicle (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cooling system (32), the fuel cell (16) and the refrigeration unit (28) are configured so that the first flow (34) is at a first temperature between 55°C and 70°C, and so that the second flow (36) is at a second temperature higher than the first temperature and between 60°C and 75°C.
5. A rail vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising an auxiliary power source (44) adapted to selectively supply electrical power (46) to the refrigeration unit (28).
6. A railway vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the refrigeration unit (28) comprises an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle (48).
7. A railway vehicle (10) according to claim 6, wherein the cycle refrigeration (48) uses ammonia as a refrigerant.
8. A railway vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first car (14) and the second car (22) are consecutive in a direction of travel (L) of the railway vehicle (10).
9. A railway vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a third tractor car (26) adapted to be powered at least in part by the electrical energy (18) produced by the fuel cell (16), wherein the first car (14) is preferably located between the second car (22) and the third car (26) in a direction of travel (L) of the railway vehicle (10).
10. Method implementing a railway vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprising the following steps: - production of the electrical energy (18) and the fatal heat flow (20) by the fuel cell (16), - reception of at least a part (37) of the fatal heat flow (20) as an energy source by the refrigeration unit (28), and - production of the cold (30) in the cold room (24) by the refrigeration unit (28).