Automotive windshield demister

Abstract

The invention provides a heating system (20) for a motor vehicle having a passenger compartment (16) intended to house at least one occupant and a windshield (14) delimiting the passenger compartment; the heating system comprising a control unit (24) and a generator (30) of hot air flow towards the passenger compartment and the windshield, means (50) for acquiring occupant temperature data, and a module (32) for sharing the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment. The control unit calculates an occupant heat balance based on the temperature data; controls the sharing module; and defines a proportion of the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment so that the heat balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined time. Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 2.

Description

Title of the invention: Windshield demister for motor vehicles

[0001] The invention relates to a motor vehicle heating system. More specifically, the invention provides a heating system adapted for blowing hot air against the windshield and into the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. The invention also provides a vehicle with a heating system. The invention also relates to a method for heating a motor vehicle.

[0002] To improve occupant comfort, a motor vehicle is equipped with a centralized heating system. The heating system generally includes a fan that draws in ambient air and a heat pump that warms this air before injecting it into the passenger compartment through various ventilation outlets. This configuration allows for temperature control while limiting the vehicle's primary energy consumption. In addition to heating the air, the system is also capable of dehumidifying the incoming air.

[0003] When parked in cold and humid conditions, the inner surface of the windshield is likely to fog up. When the temperature drops below freezing, a layer of frost may then form on the inside.

[0004] However, fog and frost form a film that limits outward visibility, thus disrupting driving comfort. This impairs the perception of the environment through the windshield, and therefore the safety of vehicle operation. One method for treating these issues is to use the heating system by blowing hot air against the windshield from the passenger compartment side. At the user's command, the frost or fog evaporates by directing a maximum flow of hot air towards it.

[0005] Document FR2897016A1 describes an electric or hybrid motor vehicle with an air conditioning system capable of demisting the vehicle's windshield. The passenger compartment air conditioning system ensures passenger comfort as well as additional regulatory functions such as demisting and defrosting the glass surfaces. The conditioning system includes a reversible heat pump that conditions a supply loop and an exhaust loop, respectively. The supply loop is connected to at least one heat exchanger with the air entering the passenger compartment, and the exhaust loop is connected to an exchanger with the outside air.

[0006] Document FR3085068A1 presents a carbon dioxide heat pump thermal management system for new energy vehicles. The system includes an electronic carbon dioxide compressor, a heat exchangercondensation, an electronic carbon dioxide expansion valve, an evaporative heat exchanger, an HVAC unit, a battery heat exchanger, a front-end vehicle heat exchanger, an electronic fan, four electronic water pumps, seven electronic water valves, and two water expansion tanks. Functions such as heating, cooling, dehumidifying, and demisting are provided via a water circuit to maintain a stable refrigeration system. In particular, this system supplies warm, dry air and introduces it into the vehicle to clear condensation from a window.

[0007] However, from a thermal perspective, such solutions remain uncomfortable for vehicle occupants. Furthermore, activating the demisting / defrosting function is accompanied by strong ventilation. This ventilation emits a high noise level that negatively impacts the acoustic comfort of the passengers.When the vehicle is moving in cold weather, the windshield is cooled even more by the outside air; this limits the heating of the passenger compartment by the warm air blown against the windshield.

[0008] The invention aims to solve, at least partially, one of the technical problems encountered in the prior art. In particular, the invention aims to improve the thermal comfort of an occupant of a motor vehicle. The invention also aims to optimize the treatment of an internal windshield surface, as well as the thermal and acoustic comfort of a motor vehicle.

[0009] According to a first aspect, the invention proposes a heating system for a motor vehicle having a passenger compartment intended to house at least one occupant, and a windshield delimiting the passenger compartment; the heating system comprising a control unit and a hot air flow generator capable of heating the passenger compartment and the windshield; remarkable in that the heating system further comprises acquisition means configured to acquire temperature data; a module for sharing the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment according to a sharing proportion; the control unit being capable of iteratively calculating a thermal balance of at least one occupant as a function of the temperature data; and being configured to define the sharing proportion of the sharing module so that the thermal balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined time.

[0010] The invention improves thermal comfort in the vehicle for at least one or each occupant, since a quantity of thermal energy is allocated to heating the passenger compartment. This energy sharing is carried out simultaneously with the windshield treatment function.

[0011] It is understood that the invention estimates a comfort criterion, at least based on a temperature, then allocates a quantity of hot air to the passenger compartment and another quantity to the windshield; in order to achieve a predefined level of comfort in a predetermined time period. The invention offers dynamic heat control in the vehicle to perform two functions simultaneously.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature data include an interior temperature in the passenger compartment, and an exterior temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the acquisition means are also configured to acquire: at least one humidity level, and / or a cabin air flow rate; and / or a travel speed; the control unit being capable of calculating an occupant heat balance as a function of at least one humidity level, and / or the cabin air flow rate; and / or the travel speed.

[0014] Preferably, the acquisition means are also configured to acquire occupant physiological data; the control unit being able to calculate an occupant thermal balance based on the physiological data.

[0015] Preferably, the physiological data include heart rate data.

[0016] Preferably, the physiological data include an occupant temperature.

[0017] Preferably, the acquisition means include a camera adapted to measure at least one occupant heart rate

[0018] Preferably, the acquisition means include a camera adapted to measure an occupant's skin temperature.

[0019] Preferably, the control unit is configured to detect several occupants in the passenger compartment via the camera, to calculate a heat balance for each occupant based on temperature data, to calculate an average of the heat balances of the occupants, and to define the proportion of the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment so that the average of the heat balances reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold after the predefined time.

[0020] Preferably, the hot air flow generator comprises a first heat pump and a second heat pump, the control unit being configured to activate the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined time.

[0021] Preferably, the hot air flow generator includes a fan; the control unit being configured to control a rotation speed of the fan so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined time.

[0022] Preferably, the control unit is configured to progressively modify the sharing ratio, in particular by increasing the proportion of hot air towards the passenger compartment and decreasing the proportion of hot air towards the windshield; so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined period.

[0023] Preferably, the heat balance includes an occupant heating requirement based on temperature data and optionally physiological data, to compare the heating requirement to a target requirement, and to control the sharing module so as to reduce a gap between the heating requirement and a target requirement.

[0024] Preferably, the predefined duration is between 3 minutes and 10 minutes.

[0025] Preferably, the predefined duration is between 4 minutes and 6 minutes.

[0026] Preferably, the acquisition means include a camera.

[0027] Preferably, the outer wall delimits the passenger compartment.

[0028] Preferably, the heating system is capable of simultaneously detecting several passengers in the passenger compartment, the means of obtaining are configured to obtain physiological data from each of said passengers, and the control unit is configured to control the sharing module according to physiological data from each of said passengers, in particular through an average of the thermal balances of the passengers.

[0029] Preferably, the fan is common to the first heat pump and the second heat pump.

[0030] Preferably, the first heat pump is associated with the passenger compartment, and the second heat pump is associated with the windshield.

[0031] Preferably, the interior temperature includes a cabin air temperature and / or a cabin interior wall temperature.

[0032] Preferably, the outside temperature includes an outside air temperature, and / or an outside wall temperature.

[0033] According to another aspect, the invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising a windshield, a passenger compartment and a heating system, remarkable in that the heating system conforms to the invention, and in that the sharing module includes a flap suitable for sharing the flow of hot air between the windshield and the passenger compartment.

[0034] According to another aspect, the invention proposes a heating method for a motor vehicle with a passenger compartment and a windshield delimiting the passenger compartment, the heating system comprising a control unit and a hot air flow generator for heating the passenger compartment and the windshield; remarkable in that the heating method comprises the following steps: generation of the hot air flow; acquisition of temperature data; iterative calculation of an occupant heat balance, by the control unit, as a function of the temperature data; and definition of the sharing proportion of the sharing module so that the heat balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined time; sharing, by the sharing module, of the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment according to the sharing proportion.

[0035] Preferably, the heating system conforms to the invention.

[0036] Preferably, the heating process is also a defogging process and windshield defrosting.

[0037] According to another aspect, the invention proposes a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement the heating process according to the invention.

[0038] According to another aspect, the invention proposes a computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, lead the computer to implement the heating process according to the invention.

[0039] The invention will be well understood and other aspects and advantages will become clear upon reading the following description given with reference to the attached figures listed below.

[0040] [Fig-1] Fig.1 is a side view of a motor vehicle according to the invention.

[0041] [Fig.2] Fig.2 shows a motor vehicle heating system according to the invention.

[0042] [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 represents a diagram of a heating process with a motor vehicle heating system according to the invention.

[0043] [Fig.4] Fig.4 is a graph of the time variation of the difference of a thermal equilibrium threshold in relation to an occupant thermal balance for a motor vehicle heating system according to the invention.

[0044] In the following description, the term "include" is synonymous with "include" and is not limiting in that it permits the presence of other elements in the heating system, the motor vehicle, or other stages in the process to which it relates. It is understood that the term "include" includes the terms "consist of." The terms "external" and "internal" shall respectively refer to what is directed outward from the vehicle and inward from the vehicle.

[0045] In this description, the terms "longitudinal," "longitudinally," "transverse," and "transversely" are used with respect to the vehicle's frame of reference in the mounting configuration. The term "longitudinal" refers to the principal direction of travel of the vehicle. The term "transverse" refers to a direction perpendicular to the principal direction of travel of the vehicle. The term "front" refers to the principal direction of travel of the vehicle. The term "rear" refers to the opposite of the front of the vehicle.

[0046] The X-axis represents the longitudinal direction, the Y-axis represents the transverse direction, and the Z-axis represents the vertical direction. These three axes define a trihedron whose orientation is preserved throughout the figures.

[0047] In this description, the ranges of values ​​include the bounds that delimit them.

[0048] Throughout the description, the different figures use the same reference signs to designate identical or similar entities.

[0049] Fig. 1 represents a motor vehicle 10 with an air heating system 20.

[0050] The motor vehicle 10 comprises a structure 12 and several glazed surfaces, including a windshield 14. The windshield 14 delimits the front of the passenger compartment 16 of the motor vehicle 10. The passenger compartment 16 is intended to accommodate the occupants (not shown). It forms a cabin, or living space, of the motor vehicle 10. The latter further comprises a front panel 18 forming a heat exchange zone. When the motor vehicle 10 is in motion, outside air enters through the front panel 18.

[0051] To ensure the comfort of the occupants, including the driver and passengers, the motor vehicle 10 is equipped with a heating system 20. The heating system 20 may be an air conditioning system. The heating system 20 is capable of drawing in outside air, i.e., air from the environment of the motor vehicle, and conducting it into the passenger compartment 16 after treatment. The treatment may include heating and optionally dehumidification. The heating system 20 may perform heat exchange at the front panel 18.

[0052] The motor vehicle 10 comprises several exterior walls 22 that form the external shell of the motor vehicle 10. It also comprises interior walls that delimit the passenger compartment 16. The interior and exterior walls may be separated by an air gap or by insulation. In the case of glazed walls, an exterior wall also forms an interior wall.

[0053] The outer walls 22 include a predefined thermal insulation value. In addition, at least one or more or each of the outer walls 22 includes a temperature sensor capable of measuring the temperature of said wall.

[0054] The heating system 20 is controlled by a control unit 24. The control unit 24 may be a computer, such as the vehicle's on-board computer, or a programmable electronic board. The control unit 24 may include a computer 26 and a storage module 28. The computer 26 may be a microprocessor. The storage module 28 may be a recording medium, such as a hard drive or removable memory.

[0055] The storage module 28 is capable of storing a computer program. The computer program comprises code instructions which, when executed by the computer 26, cause it to implement the heating process according to the invention.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the invention, the computer program can be saved on an external and / or removable recording medium. The computer program of the computer-readable recording medium includes instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to implement the heating process according to the invention.

[0057] Figure 2 shows a heating system 20 for a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle may correspond to the one shown in relation to Figure 1. The passenger compartment 16 is partially shown.

[0058] The heating system 20 includes a hot air flow generator 30 and a hot air flow sharing module 32 between the windshield 14 and the passenger compartment 16. The control unit 24 controls the sharing module 32 and applies a flow sharing ratio between a flow directed towards the windshield 14, and a flow directed towards the passenger compartment 16; or between a first current against the windshield 14, and a second current directly into the passenger compartment 16, and at a distance from the windshield.

[0059] The hot air flow generator 30 includes a fan 34. The fan 34 is capable of drawing in outside air, for example at the base of the windshield 14 at the level of the engine hood, and injecting it into the motor vehicle via the sharing module 32. The activation and rotation speed, and therefore the flow rate of the fan 34, are controlled by the control unit 24.

[0060] The generator 30 comprises a first heat pump 36, and optionally a second heat pump 38 (partially shown). The dual heat pump configuration allows for greater heating power and different efficiencies depending on the temperature difference between the hot and cold sources. Each heat pump (36; 38) operates with a compressible fluid capable of phase change. Each heat pump (36; 38) comprises a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion valve, and a condenser 40, which are connected by pipes 42. The fan 34 is optionally common to both heat pumps (36; 38), and in particular to both condensers 40.

[0061] The first heat pump 36 is associated with the passenger compartment 16, while the second heat pump 38 is associated with the windshield 14. According to an option, the air can be successively heated by the first heat pump 36 and then by the second heat pump 38. The hot air sent to the windshield 14 can come directly from the second heat pump 38, or also pass through the first heat pump 36 in order to be heated further.

[0062] The sharing module 32 includes a flap 44 adapted to share a flow of hot air between the windshield 14 and the passenger compartment 16. The flap 44 is movable between a closed position (shown in dashed lines) where all the hot air exiting the first heat pump 36 is sent to the passenger compartment 16. In an open position (shown in solid lines), a portion of the hot air exiting the first heat pump 36 is sent towards the windshield 14. The flap 44 can also reach intermediate positions to adjust the distribution of the hot air flow towards the windshield 14 and the passenger compartment 16. Thus, the distribution module 32 applies a hot air flow distribution.

[0063] The distribution module 32 forms an enclosure housing the condensers 40. It also includes several outlets 46. The outlets 46 optionally include flow control flaps 48. Depending on their orientation, the flaps 48 more or less close the passage of hot air through the corresponding outlets 46. The outlets 46 include windshield outlets directing their hot air flow against the windshield; and passenger compartment outlets directing their hot air flow into the passenger compartment. The passenger compartment outlets are oriented so as to avoid the windshield 14. They can be occupant outlets, directed towards the occupants.

[0064] The heating system 20 includes acquisition means 50. The acquisition means 50 are configured to acquire air data in the passenger compartment 16 and / or physiological data from at least one occupant, or from several occupants in the passenger compartment 16. The acquisition means 50 are capable of acquiring temperature data. The acquisition means 50 include measurement means and / or communication means. Thus, they directly measure the data, or obtain it via other measurement modules with which they are connected or in communication. The acquisition means 50 communicate with, or are connected to, the control unit 24.

[0065] The acquisition means 50 include optical means. The optical means include at least one camera 52 adapted to measure at least one occupant's heart rate. The camera 52 may be equipped with a module for measuring the heart rate of at least one or each occupant.

[0066] The camera 52 can be an infrared camera, also called a thermal camera. The thermal camera is capable of measuring temperature data. The thermal camera can measure an internal temperature or an occupant's skin temperature. The camera 52, together with the control unit 24, helps to detect the different occupants of the passenger compartment 16.

[0067] The acquisition means 50 also include internal sensors 54, or cabin sensors. The internal sensors 54 may include one or more thermometers for measuring the temperature inside the cabin. The internal sensors may also include a hygrometer for measuring the humidity level of the air. The internal sensors may include a cabin airflow sensor.

[0068] The acquisition means 50 may also include external sensors 56. The external sensors 56 may measure physical properties of the external air, including the outside temperature and humidity level. They may measure solar radiation heating at least one of the external walls 22.

[0069] The control unit 24 performs an occupant heat balance based on temperature data. The control unit 24 is configured to iteratively calculate the sharing proportion of the sharing module so that the heat balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period. Each occupant heat balance can include an occupant heat requirement. The predefined period is calculated from the start of the motor vehicle and / or the initialization of the control unit. The heat balance is a variable that changes over time.

[0070] According to a first approach, the heat balance is performed by calculating the difference between a theoretical body temperature and an actual cabin temperature. In this context, the thermal equilibrium threshold can be considered reached when the difference between the body temperature and the cabin air temperature is less than or equal to 25°C, preferably less than or equal to 20°C, and possibly less than or equal to 15°C. The cabin air humidity level can be used to adjust the cabin air temperature.

[0071] According to another approach, the heat balance can be performed using the Gagge model, which allows for a zone-by-zone approach. This physiological model takes into account: the net rate of heat produced by an occupant's metabolism; heat lost by evaporation; heat gained or lost by radiation; heat gained or lost by convection; and the physiological work performed. The net rate of heat produced can be estimated based on the occupant's heart rate. It can be calculated using theoretical data. The Gagge model provides a skin temperature and a body temperature for the occupant.

[0072] Alternatively, the heat balance is performed using a physiological model by Zhang. The Zhang model provides a comprehensive approach that simplifies the calculations.

[0073] In general, the control unit 24 is capable of taking into account the heat emission in the passenger compartment of each occupant in order to calculate the additional heat required to reach the thermal equilibrium threshold within the predefined time. Each occupant is then considered a heat source. Since the passenger compartment is capable of accommodating several occupants, the control unit 24 can calculate the required heat input for each occupant, and / or the target passenger compartment temperature.

[0074] To estimate the sharing ratio that allows the predefined duration target to be met, based on a projection to the present moment, the control unit 24 obtains the instantaneous heating power of each heat pump (36; 38). The control unit 24 estimates the amount of energy to be supplied to the passenger compartment so that its air reaches a temperature at which the thermal equilibrium threshold is reached.

[0075] Thus, the control unit 24 performs a calorie sharing between the heating of the passenger compartment, and the treatment of the windshield by demisting or defrosting. By knowing the heating power, the thermal capacity of the passenger compartment air, and based on a temperature difference, the invention makes it possible to achieve a comfortable condition within a target period.

[0076] According to a calculation assumption, the outside air temperature and the cabin air temperature are equal, at least at the time the motor vehicle is started or during control unit initialization. Optionally, the cabin air is heated in a closed loop. This option reduces primary energy requirements.

[0077] The control unit 24 is configured to obtain at least one of the following parameters: an external wall temperature using a temperature probe on the external wall 22, a vehicle speed calculated by the on-board computer, an outside air temperature measured by an outside temperature probe, an outside air humidity degree.

[0078] To refine the calculation of the sharing proportion, the control unit 24 takes into account heat losses through the exterior walls. In particular, the control unit 24 uses: the outside temperature, the outside air humidity, the thermal conductivity of the walls, the vehicle's speed, and the energy received from solar radiation. Generally, the control unit 24 performs a thermal balance of the vehicle's exterior walls. Similarly, it can perform a thermal balance of the interior walls of the passenger compartment.

[0079] The control unit 24 is also configured to calculate a heat balance for each occupant, to calculate an average of the heat balances for each occupant, and to define the proportion of hot air flow between the windshield 14 and the passenger compartment 16 so that the average of the heat balances reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period, for example, in less than 6 minutes. Each occupant heat balance may include an occupant thermal equilibrium criterion or an occupant thermal equilibrium score. Alternatively, the average may be replaced by various mathematical formulas with quadratic and / or weighted forms of the heat balances.

[0080] The control unit 24 is configured to activate the first and / or second heat pump so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period. Thus, the control unit 24 modulates the heat output used. Since heat pumps have different efficiencies depending on temperature differences, a two-heat-pump configuration optimizes energy consumption.

[0081] The control unit 24 is configured to deactivate the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump when conditions vary; for example when The outside temperature increases, or when the inside temperature reaches a first temperature threshold. Thus, energy use is optimized.

[0082] The control unit 24 is configured to receive a command to heat the passenger compartment and an instruction to process the windshield 14. The command and the instruction can originate from one of the occupants via a human-machine interface (not shown). If an instruction to process the windshield is received and no heating command is received, the control unit 24 is configured to activate the second heat pump 38 in addition to the first heat pump 36 if the latter's capacity is insufficient to provide adequate heating, i.e., to reach the thermal equilibrium threshold after the predefined time.

[0083] The control unit 24 is configured to control the rotational speed of the fan 34 so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period. When the thermal equilibrium threshold is reached or partially reached, the rotational speed is reduced to lower the noise level in the passenger compartment 16. Thus, acoustic comfort is optimized in conjunction with other comfort aspects. Additionally, reducing the rotational speed reduces the airflow and promotes a rise in the temperature of the heated air since the air exchange rate decreases. Therefore, the thermal equilibrium threshold is reached more quickly.

[0084] The control unit 24 is optionally configured to progressively modify the sharing distribution, for example by increasing the proportion of hot air towards the passenger compartment 16 and decreasing the proportion of hot air towards the windshield 14. This control mode makes it possible to adapt the flow sharing when the outside temperature decreases, and heat losses increase; for example due to an increasing speed of movement.

[0085] The predefined duration is between 3 minutes and 10 minutes, preferably, the predefined duration is between 4 minutes and 6 minutes.

[0086] Figure 3 shows a diagram of a heating process for a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle may correspond to the one shown in relation to one of Figures 1 to 2.

[0087] The process includes the following steps, for example carried out in the following order.

[0088] Generation 100 of the hot air flow by the generator.

[0089] Acquisition 102 of temperature data, in particular by measurement or by communication with measuring means;

[0090] Calculation 104 of an occupant thermal balance, by the control unit, as a function of temperature data.

[0091] Definition 106 of the sharing proportion of the sharing module such that the heat balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period.

[0092] Sharing 108, by the sharing module, of the hot air flow between the windshield and the passenger compartment according to the sharing proportion.

[0093] The order of the steps can be modified. The acquisition step 102 can be carried out before the generation step 100. According to another alternative, these steps are carried out at the same time.

[0094] Acquisition step 102 is performed continuously.

[0095] Calculation step 104 is performed iteratively.

[0096] The definition step 106 is performed iteratively. The sharing proportion can be updated based on variations in temperature data. Advantageously, the sharing proportion is defined every second.

[0097] Figure 4 shows a graph of the evolution of the difference D of the thermal equilibrium threshold with respect to the occupant heat balance of the heating system of the invention. The heating system corresponds to those shown in relation to one of Figures 1 to 3.

[0098] The x-axis represents time expressed in minutes. The y-axis represents the difference D between the thermal equilibrium threshold and the occupant heat balance calculated and adjusted in real time using temperature data. The y-axis is expressed on a scale ranging from -3 to +3. This scale simplifies calculations for the control unit while optimizing accuracy.

[0099] As shown in the present graph, the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold in approximately 5 minutes. The value of the heat balance fluctuates considerably around the value of the thermal equilibrium threshold since the temperature becomes temporarily negative.

Claims

Demands

1. Heating system (20) for a motor vehicle (10) having a passenger compartment (16) intended to house at least one occupant, and a windshield (14) delimiting the passenger compartment (16); the heating system (20) comprising a control unit (24) and a hot air flow generator (30) capable of heating the passenger compartment (16) and the windshield (14); characterized in that the heating system (20) further comprises: • acquisition means (50) configured to acquire temperature data; • a hot air flow sharing module (32) between the windshield (14) and the passenger compartment (16) according to a sharing proportion; • the control unit (24) being capable of iteratively calculating a thermal balance for at least one occupant as a function of the temperature data;and • being configured to define the sharing proportion of the sharing module (32) so that the thermal balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period.;

2. Heating system (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature data include an interior temperature in the passenger compartment (16), and an exterior temperature.

3. Heating system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the acquisition means (50) are also configured to acquire: at least one humidity level, and / or a cabin air flow rate; and / or a travel speed; the control unit (24) being capable of calculating an occupant heat balance as a function of at least one humidity level, and / or the cabin air flow rate (16); and / or the travel speed.

4. Heating system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the acquisition means (50) are also configured to acquire occupant physiological data; the control unit (24) being capable of calculating an occupant thermal balance as a function of the physiological data; the physiological data preferentially comprising heart rate data.

5. Heating system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the acquisition means (50) comprise a camera (52) adapted to measure at least one occupant heart rate.

6. Heating system (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit (24) is configured to detect several occupants in the passenger compartment (16) via the camera (52), to calculate a heat balance for each occupant as a function of the temperature data, to calculate an average of the heat balances of the occupants, and to define the proportion of the hot air flow between the windshield (14) and the passenger compartment (16) so that the average of the heat balances reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined time.

7. Heating system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hot air flow generator (30) comprises a first heat pump (36) and a second heat pump (38), the control unit (24) being configured to activate the first heat pump (36) and / or the second heat pump (38) so that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined time.

8. Heating system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hot air flow generator (30) comprises a fan (34); the control unit (24) being configured to control a rotation speed of the fan (34) so ​​that the heat balance reaches the thermal equilibrium threshold at the end of the predefined time.

9. Motor vehicle (10) comprising a windscreen (14), a passenger compartment (16) and a heating system (20), characterized in that the heating system (20) conforms to any one of claims 1 to 8, and in that the sharing module (32) includes a flap capable of sharing the flow of hot air between the windscreen (14) and the passenger compartment (16).

10. A heating method for a motor vehicle (10) with a passenger compartment (16) and a windshield (14) delimiting the passenger compartment (16), the heating system (20) comprising a control unit (24) and a hot air flow generator (30) for heating the passenger compartment (16) and the windshield (14); characterized in that the heating method comprises the following steps: generation (100) of the hot air flow; acquisition (102) of temperature data; iterative calculation (104) of an occupant's thermal balance, by the control unit (24), based on the tem data pérature; and definition (106) of the proportion of sharing of the module of sharing (32) so that the thermal balance reaches a thermal equilibrium threshold after a predefined period; sharing (108), by the sharing module (32), of the hot air flow between the windshield (14) and the passenger compartment (16) according to the sharing proportion.

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