Insulating plant module for building walls and roofs

Abstract

PLANT MODULE FOR WALLS AND ROOFS OF BUILDINGS Plant module (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) for covering all or part of building facades or roofs, installed indoors or outdoors, comprising a structure (10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 80), comprising walls (106a-e, 206a-g, 306a-e, 406a-e, 706a-e, 806a-f) forming a semi-open support for containing a substrate (16, 26, 36, 46, 76, 86), and comprising a rear wall (106b, 206b, 206d, 306e, 406b, 706b, 806b) for fixing, said module comprises at least at least one permanent magnet (104, 204, 304, 404, 704, 804), for fixing said rear wall to a support surface. Abstract figure: figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Insulating plant module for walls and roofs of buildings Technical field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of construction and renovation of buildings.

[0002] The present invention relates more particularly to a plant module for walls and roofs making it possible to plant the various facades of buildings and finds a direct application in the insulation and protection of facades made of concrete, wood or having metal cladding. State of the art

[0003] In the field of building construction, improving their energy performance in order to achieve energy savings and provide greater comfort to users is one of the subjects that has seen strong development in recent years.

[0004] In the first part of the 20th century, it was not uncommon to construct buildings with little thermal insulation. Indeed, the heating systems of the time made it possible to compensate for ineffective thermal insulation during the cold seasons.

[0005] The first oil shock of the 1970s had the consequence, among other things, of changing certain habits in construction, notably by starting to integrate the notion of insulation of facades and roofs, with the aim of improving user comfort and at the same time achieving energy savings.

[0006] The mid-1970s also saw reinforced legislation in France in the field of construction, imposing thermal insulation of new buildings.

[0007] From the 1980s, in order to encourage and incentivize individuals and businesses to thermally insulate their buildings, and going beyond the regulations, various labels were created to reward those involved in the construction industry.

[0008] During the end of the 20th century, regulations on the thermal insulation of buildings were reinforced.

[0009] At the same time, the international community became aware of the need to control greenhouse gas emissions from industrialized and developing countries, notably through the organization of the first Conferences of the Parties (in English Conference of the Parties, COP) and the signing in 1997 of the Kyoto Protocol.

[0010] Subsequently, different thermal regulations (RT) in France emerged and made it possible to define new objectives in terms of insulation (performance level, etc.).

[0011] Recently, France has moved from RT 2012 thermal regulations to environmental regulations (RE 2020), which are more ambitious, demanding and restrictive for the construction industry.

[0012] Alongside these regulatory developments, innovative solutions are emerging.

[0013] Historically, the energy efficiency of homes could be improved through internal thermal insulation (ITI), for example by adding insulating materials to the walls of certain rooms. While in some cases this type of renovation is suitable, for other homes and buildings it is very restrictive to implement.

[0014] This is how external thermal insulation (ETI) is developing, allowing, just like internal thermal insulation, to improve thermal comfort, both in winter and summer, while remaining economical.

[0015] Alongside external thermal insulation, the greening of facades and roofs is a technique that is becoming increasingly widespread, and is a serious way of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, while replanting plants that will promote biodiversity in these new spaces.

[0016] Document EP2052116 presents a method for thermally insulating the facade of a building comprising steps which consist of: - fix a set of panels on the exterior face of the facade to be treated of a building; - apply a coating by projection onto these assembled panels.

[0017] Generally, insulation panels are fixed to the load-bearing walls of buildings using insulation dowels that hold the insulation in place. The wall can also be pre-covered with glue to strengthen the panels' hold. Since the panels are made of expanded polystyrene, a permeable material, a finishing step consisting of covering the panels with a coating or wooden cladding, for example, is required.

[0018] Thus, the use of this type of solution requires first of all drilling the walls which will receive the insulation panels, then preparing the surfaces to stick the insulation panels, and covering them.

[0019] This type of installation, which mainly only includes a thermal solution, can be long and expensive depending in particular on the surface area to be covered. In addition, this solution is not suitable for metal facades.

[0020] Document FR2952079A1 presents a screen formed of boxes which are held on a vertical surface by means of hooks placed on through rails, rails which are themselves fixed beforehand on the vertical surface. Assembled, these boxes make it possible, for example, to construct screens which have only one decorated face. Depending on the composition of the screens, these can be used in particular for the purpose of thermally insulating buildings from the outside but also to green them by integrating plants into the boxes. As mentioned in the previous document, the installation of the solution described here requires drilling the surface on which supports will then be placed which will be used to hold boxes, the contents of which will possibly be used to insulate the facades.

[0021] Thus, and to the applicant's knowledge, there are no external thermal insulation solutions, nor greening modules, suitable for facades comprising metal cladding, without prior drilling work and self-supporting. There are also no ITE solutions for concrete supports and wooden cladding with integrated greening.

[0022] Therefore, and in order to facilitate external thermal insulation projects and the maintenance of green walls, new solutions must be developed. Presentation of the invention

[0023] The present invention aims to overcome all or part of the drawbacks mentioned above.

[0024] To this end, the present invention relates to a plant module for covering all or part of building facades or roofs, installed indoors or outdoors, said module comprising a structure, comprising walls forming a semi-open support for containing a substrate, and comprising a rear fixing wall. This plant module is remarkable in that it comprises at least one permanent magnet, for fixing said rear wall to a support surface, the attractive force and the adhesive force exerted on the support surface being sufficiently high to guarantee that said module is kept in place. This characteristic has the particular advantage of being able to fix and move the plant module on metal building facades, without requiring said facades to be drilled.

[0025] According to a particular characteristic, the plant module the permanent magnet has a substantially cylindrical shape, and preferably has a passage allowing said magnet to be screwed to the rear wall of the structure, or to a support surface. Thus, it is possible to use the plant module on surfaces which are not magnetizable, or to position magnets on plant modules

[0026] According to another particular characteristic, the permanent magnet, used with the plant module, is covered with a waterproof rubber coating. The magnet permanent is then protected from the elements and humidity. This property then allows outdoor use and also prevents the effect of corrosion, due to the oxidation of the permanent magnet, on the metal surfaces where the plant module is fixed. Also, the rubber coating protects against breakage and impacts. In addition, friction is increased by the use of magnets with this type of coating. Finally, the handling of these magnets is facilitated, not scratching the surfaces on which they are positioned.

[0027] Advantageously, the plant module comprises a drip irrigation pipe which is held in notches positioned on side walls of said module, said irrigation pipe being provided with a quick connection system at each of its ends to connect said irrigation pipe to the irrigation pipe of a neighboring module. These notches facilitate the holding in place of the drip pipes and limit their potential movements in the modules. In addition, the quick connection of the drip pipes makes it possible to easily install, move or reposition a plant module as shown.

[0028] According to a particular embodiment, the structure of the plant module is made of galvanized steel.

[0029] According to another particular embodiment, the structure of the plant module is made of extruded polystyrene, and the at least one permanent magnet is screwed onto the rear wall of the structure of said module. Thus, the thermal insulation is then included in the structure of the plant module.

[0030] According to another particular embodiment, the plant module comprises at least one thermal insulation plate preferably made of bio-sourced material, and being arranged between the substrate and the rear wall of the structure, and / or on a surface to be vegetated of said substrate. Thus, the thermal insulation is entirely configurable and adaptable to the needs of the building.

[0031] Advantageously, the plant module comprises a first thermal insulation plate, in contact with the rear wall, which is followed by a second rigid thermal insulation plate, juxtaposed with a vapor barrier film, in contact with the substrate, and a third thermal insulation plate. Again, the content of the plant module is entirely configurable, adaptable and customizable to the surfaces on which said module is installed, as well as to the plants planted in said module. In addition, the thermal insulation used in the plant module also plays a role of acoustic insulation. The plant module then makes it possible, in addition to thermally insulating a building, to acoustically insulate it.

[0032] Advantageously, the front wall of the plant module comprises at least one orifice for placing at least one plant. In addition, the front wall may comprise a plurality of orifices of different shapes. Thus, the integration of plant plants is facilitated and is not constrained by standardized dimensions of the orifices.

[0033] Advantageously, the plant module comprises at least one drain hole arranged on a bottom of the structure to evacuate the excess water present in the substrate. The irrigation of the plant modules is controlled and promotes the growth of the plant plants.

[0034] According to a particular embodiment, the rear wall of the plant module comprises at least one orifice allowing air circulation. In addition, the air entering and leaving the building can be forced to circulate through the substrate by means of a sealed frame preventing air from passing over the edges of the plant modules.

[0035] According to another embodiment, the plant module is intended to cover a roof in a substantially horizontal position, the structure of said module comprising at least one flow channel on the rear wall of said module, said channel draining the excess water present in the substrate.

[0036] According to a particular embodiment of the plant module, its structure has an angle α, the value of which corresponds to that of building corners. Advantageously, this characteristic makes it possible to position the plant module in the corners of buildings and thus maximize the plant cover of the facades of the latter. The angle α is substantially 90° in the majority of cases, without this presenting a limit to the invention.

[0037] Advantageously, the structure of the plant module includes a shock-resistant coating.

[0038] According to another embodiment of the plant module whose structure is made of extruded polystyrene, said structure comprises at least one attachment support on which at least two permanent magnets are magnetically fixed.

[0039] According to another embodiment, the plant module is intended to be placed on the ground, and its structure serves as a support for a module located above said module.

[0040] Finally, the present invention also relates to a building, covered at least partially with a set of plant modules as presented.

[0041] The fundamental concepts of the invention having just been set out above in their most elementary form, other details and characteristics will emerge more clearly on reading the description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings. Presentation of the drawings

[0042] The figures are given purely for illustrative purposes for a better understanding of the invention without limiting its scope. The various elements may be represented schematically and are not necessarily on the same scale. Throughout the figures, identical or equivalent elements bear the same numerical reference.

[0043] It is thus illustrated in:

[0044] [Fig-1]: an exploded perspective view of a plant module according to a first mode of carrying out the invention;

[0045] [Fig.2]: a perspective view of a plant module according to a second embodiment;

[0046] [Fig.3]: a perspective view of a structure of the first embodiment of the plant module;

[0047] [Fig.4]: a perspective view of a structure of the second embodiment of the plant module;

[0048] [Fig.5A]: a perspective view of a structure according to a variant of the first embodiment of the plant module;

[0049] [Fig.5B]: a perspective view of a structure according to another variant of the first embodiment of the plant module;

[0050] [Fig.6]: a perspective view of the steps of an assembly of a third embodiment;

[0051] [Fig.7A]: a perspective view of the third embodiment of the plant module;

[0052] [Fig.7B]: another perspective view of the third embodiment of the plant module;

[0053] [Fig.8]: a perspective view of a building on which plant modules are installed;

[0054] [Fig.9]: a side view of the installation of two plant modules on metal cladding;

[0055] [Fig. 10]: a perspective view of a plant module according to a fourth embodiment;

[0056] [Fig. 11]: a perspective view of a structure of the fourth embodiment of the plant module;

[0057] [Fig. 12]: an exploded and perspective view of a plant module according to a fifth embodiment;

[0058] [Fig. 13]: a perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the plant module;

[0059] [Fig. 14]: a perspective view of a sixth embodiment serving as a support module;

[0060] [Fig. 15]: a perspective view of an arrangement between two plant modules, one of which is positioned on the support module. Detailed description of embodiments

[0061] It should be noted that certain technical elements well known to those skilled in the art are described herein to avoid any insufficiency or ambiguity in the understanding of the present invention.

[0062] In the embodiment described below, reference is made to a plant module for facades and roofs of buildings comprising various elements stabilizing the vegetation and providing additional thermal and sound insulation from the outside to the buildings, said module being installed in particular on metal cladding by means of permanent magnets.

[0063] [Fig.l] represents an exploded and perspective view of a particular embodiment of a plant module 100 mainly comprising a structure 10 of parallelepiped shape, preferably made of galvanized steel, which is a fully recyclable material, and which moreover effectively protects the cladding from bad weather and impacts, thus prolonging its lifespan.

[0064] The structure 10 comprises five walls 106a-e, including a front wall 106a on which there is at least one orifice 107, said structure comprising a first thermal insulation plate 12 preferably made of recycled textile fiber, a second thermal insulation plate 13 preferably made of biosourced cork, comprising at least one orifice 131, at least one flexible mesh 14, a vapor barrier film 15 comprising at least one orifice 151, a substrate 16, a third thermal insulation plate 17 preferably made of recycled hemp or geotextile and plant plants 18.

[0065] The plant plants 18, once positioned in the orifices 107 or previously cultivated, pass through the thermal insulation plate 17 made of recycled hemp or geotextile at the level of orifices created manually during the passage of the plants, subsequently retaining the substrate 16, then are planted individually in said substrate, which has the property of being very light and aerated in order to facilitate the circulation of air inside.

[0066] The front wall 106a corresponds to the wall located on the side of the plant plants 18 and a rear wall 106b of the structure 10 corresponds to the wall opposite the wall on which said plants are installed.

[0067] The substrate 16 is irrigated by means of a drip irrigation pipe 103, resting on an edge 161 of said substrate, in which pipe 103 the water circulates and passes through small diameter orifices (not shown here), thus ensuring slow and diffuse irrigation at the level of the substrate 16 and also limiting excess watering.

[0068] The drip irrigation pipe 103 is held at the level of the structure 10 by being inserted into two notches 101, located on walls 106c and 106d of said structure, the walls 106c and 106d themselves being located on either side of the wall 106a.

[0069] At the ends 118 and 119 of the drip irrigation pipe 103 there is a system of connections (not shown here) such as screwing, clipping, or insertion, allowing the watering pipes of the plant modules to be assembled together in a watertight and rapid manner.

[0070] The irrigation system of the plant module 100 is composed of a multitude of interconnected drip irrigation pipes 103, said pipes being connected to a public water distribution network or to a borehole. It is also possible to pump rainwater retention basins, located nearby, and when the level is sufficient, thus allowing better water management. Fish can be raised in these basins in order to combat the appearance of mosquitoes and, through bacteria, to create water rich in minerals, containing in particular nitrates and phosphates, thus contributing to an effective supply of natural fertilizer and to an ecosystem conducive to the development of plant seedlings 18, thanks to the principle of aquaponics. Furthermore, the plant modules 100 are irrigated by means of a pump (not shown here) whose watering flow rate is adjustable and controllable according to the hours and days of the week.

[0071] In addition to the drip irrigation pipe 103, a gutter 102 is present on the front wall 106 of the structure 10 and makes it possible to capture the rainwater which runs off the surfaces in order to once again optimize the use of water.

[0072] In order to maintain the structure 10 on a metal cladding, four permanent magnets 104 distributed on the rear wall 106b of said structure are used. These permanent magnets 104 can be screwed onto the rear wall 106b by means of screws inserted into passages 105, or simply magnetized onto said wall, which as a reminder is preferably made of galvanized steel. The permanent magnets 104 can be covered with a rubber coating (strip, disc, plug) in order to increase their shear force and their adhesion.

[0073] Furthermore, the rubber coating of the permanent magnet 104 serves to make it waterproof and moisture-proof. This property then allows outdoor use and also prevents the effect of corrosion, due to the oxidation of the permanent magnet 104, on the metal cladding where the plant module 100 is positioned.

[0074] The elements housed in the structure 10 are held inside said structure because the latter comprises a base 106e on which the first thermal insulation plate 12 made of recycled textile fiber, the second rigid thermal insulation plate 13 made of bio-sourced cork, the substrate 16 and the third thermal insulation plate 17 made of recycled hemp or geotextile are placed. The vapor film 15 is inserted between the second rigid thermal insulation plate 13 made of cork and the substrate 16 in order to protect said plate from the humidity present in the substrate 16. moreover, the flexible mesh 14, positioned between the vapor barrier film 15 and the second rigid thermal insulation plate 13 made of cork, prevents the substrate 16 from spreading through the orifices 151 and 131.

[0075] Thus, when a thermal insulator is positioned inside the structure 10 of the plant module 100, said module can be used to thermally insulate one or more building facades from the outside.

[0076] In addition, the plant modules 100 being held in place by means of the permanent magnets 104, said modules are movable on the same facade and interchangeable. Several species of plant plants 18 can be planted in the plant modules 100, thus creating real vertical gardens on the facades of the buildings, gardens conducive to the development of biodiversity around said buildings and to the effects of decarbonization.

[0077] Finally, the structure 10 of the plant module 100 may, in its simplest configuration, comprise only the substrate 16 as well as the plant plants 18, in addition to the drip irrigation pipe 103 and the permanent magnets 104. In this configuration, no thermal insulation is therefore used.

[0078] Advantageously, the plant module 100 makes it possible to adapt for each installation the number as well as the type of insulators to be positioned in the structure 10, according to the need in terms of insulation (for example, buildings consisting of partial insulation), thus allowing other embodiments.

[0079] [Fig.2] represents a perspective view from above of a plant module 200 according to a second embodiment, which adapts to the corners of building facades.

[0080] In this embodiment, the shape of which differs from the plant module 100 shown in [Fig.l], the plant module 200 comprises a structure 20, in which are positioned a substrate 26, a thermal insulation plate 27, preferably made of hemp, plant plants 28, said structure also comprising a gutter 202 and notches 201 used to hold a drip irrigation pipe 203.

[0081] The drip irrigation pipe 203 has the function of transporting the water which irrigates plant plants 28, as previously. The drip irrigation pipe 203 has at its two ends 218 and 219 a system of quick connections (by screwing, by clipping, by insertion, etc.).

[0082] [Fig. 3] represents a perspective view of the structure 10 of the empty plant module 100. As mentioned above, the structure 10 of the plant module 100 is parallelepipedal in shape and comprises five walls 106a-e. The structure 10 has the dimensional characteristics of a length L10, a height H10 and a depth P10. Preferably, the length L10 and the height H10 are 500 mm, and the depth P10 is equal to 200 mm. In addition, the thickness of the galvanized steel used to manufacture the structure 10 is equal to 1 mm. These dimensional values ​​are given as an example, and do not present a limit, the person skilled in the art being able to define others depending on the needs and the buildings on which the plant module 100 is installed.

[0083] The front wall 106a comprises at least one orifice 107, preferably of circular shape, allowing a plant seedling 18 to be positioned or for cultivation. In this example, the front wall 106a comprises sixteen orifices 107 having a diameter D107 of 80 mm. The diameter D107 as well as the position of the orifices 107 are not limiting characteristics of the invention. Indeed, the orifices 107 can also be of polygonal shapes (hexagon, rectangle, triangle, etc.). In addition, the front wall 106a can comprise several orifices 107 of different sizes and shapes.

[0084] In order to prevent water from stagnating, the bottom 106e of the structure 10 comprises at least one drain hole 110 thus making it possible to drain excess water at the level of the plant module 100.

[0085] The rear wall 106b comprises at least one orifice 112 allowing a gas exchange between the air inside and outside a building, passing through the plant module 100, both by suction and by extraction. Preferably, the orifice 112 has a diameter varying from 20 mm to 200 mm. Thus, by passing through the roots of the plant plants 18 in passing, the air is filtered. Indeed, one of the advantages of the plant module 100 is to allow, in addition to the capture by the foliage of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by the buildings and present in the air, to also sequester the CO2 by the root tissue of the plant plants 18.

[0086] This solution allows decarbonization and limits the environmental impact of buildings by reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, natural sequestration being adapted to this type of emission source considered to be diffuse.

[0087] [Fig.4] represents a perspective view of the structure 20 of the empty plant module 200. As a reminder, the design of the structure 20 allows it to be positioned in the corners of building facades in order to maximize their plant cover in particular.

[0088] The structure 20 comprises seven walls 106a-g, and is of a height H20 preferably equal to 500 mm.

[0089] The “L” or “V” shape of the structure 20 is produced by means of the assembly of a first front wall 206a of length L206a, a second front wall 206c of length L206c, a first rear wall 206b of length L206b and a second rear wall 206d of length L206d.

[0090] The front wall 206a and the rear wall 206b are parallel. The same is true for the front wall 206c and the rear wall 206d.

[0091] An angle a, of value equal to 90° in this example, allows the structure to be positioned in a corner. The value of the angle a can vary in order to adapt to the different corners of the buildings.

[0092] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the structure 20 shown in [Fig.4], called “V” shaped, the lengths L206a and L206c of the front walls 206a and 206c are equal, and the lengths L206b and L206d of the rear walls 206b and 206d are also equal.

[0093] For other embodiments of the structure 20, called “L” shaped, the lengths L206a and L206c of the front walls 206a and 206c may be different, also generating a difference between the lengths L206b and L206d of the rear walls 206b and 206d.

[0094] In order to fix the plant module 200 on a support, permanent magnets 204 are positioned at the rear walls 206b and 206d. As previously, these permanent magnets 204 have a passage 205 so that they can be screwed, and said magnets can be covered with a rubber coating.

[0095] Advantageously, these variations in the dimensional characteristics of the structure 20 (angle a, lengths, L206a-d) make it possible to adapt the plant module 200 to all the corners of buildings.

[0096] As previously, the structure 20 comprises a bottom 206g which comprises at least one drain hole 210 allowing excess water to be drained at the level of the plant module 200.

[0097] [Fig.5A] and [Fig.5B] respectively represent a structure 60a and a structure 60b according to other embodiments of the plant module 100.

[0098] These figures illustrate design possibilities different from those shown in Figures 1 to 4.

[0099] In these two embodiments, the structure 60a and the structure 60b each comprise eight orifices 607a and 607b respectively, arranged either vertically or horizontally.

[0100] Thus, the structure 60a has a length L60a, and the structure 60b has a height H60b, which each differ from the dimensions of the length L10 and the height H10 of the structure 10.

[0101] Advantageously, these different designs make it easier to adapt to the facades of the buildings where these structures are installed.

[0102] [Fig.6] represents a perspective view of steps (a) to (e) of an assembly of a plant module 300, according to another embodiment, which is used to plant the roof of a building comprising steel sheeting.

[0103] A first step a represents a structure 30 of the plant module 300 for roofing. The structure, preferably made of fully recyclable galvanized steel, comprises five walls 306a-e, and has as main dimensional characteristics a length L30, a width 130 and a height H30.

[0104] In this example, the plant module 300 comprises four permanent magnets 304, making it possible to hold the structure 30 on the roof of a steel tray type building. Each of the permanent magnets 304 has a passage 305 for screwing said magnets to the structure 30 or to a building if necessary.

[0105] The structure 30 also comprises at least one flow channel 302, of the same length L30 as said structure, of width 1302 and of depth p302. Rainwater, or water used to irrigate the module 300, is then recovered in the flow channel 302 to prevent it from stagnating.

[0106] A second step b represents the addition of a water retention mat 37, preferably biosourced, making it possible to optimize water requirements.

[0107] In a third step c, a substrate 36 is added over the water retention mat 37.

[0108] During a fourth step d, at least one drip irrigation pipe 303, comprising small diameter orifices (not shown here), is placed on the substrate 36 in order to irrigate the module 300. The drip pipe 303 is held at the level of the structure 30 by means of notches 301.

[0109] In order to quickly and tightly assemble the drip irrigation pipes 303, they have a system of connectors at their ends 318 and 319.

[0110] Finally, a fifth step e consists of adding a carpet of plants 38 of your choice, depending on the location, to cover everything. It is possible to maintain all of the elements, the water retention carpet 37, the substrate 36 as well as the carpet of plants 38, to the structure 30, and the walls 306a-d make it possible to prevent these elements from being caught in the wind.

[0111] In other embodiments, a frame system is applied around the entire perimeter of the structure 30 in order to avoid wind resistance.

[0112] In other embodiments, the plant module 300 may comprise at least one layer of thermal insulation, as shown in [Fig.l]. The height H30 of the plant module 300 is then a function of the different layers (water retention mat 37, substrate 30, insulation, etc.) which are integrated into said module.

[0113] Figures 7A and 7B represent the plant module 300 in perspective, respectively in front top view and in rear top view.

[0114] In [Fig.7A], it is possible to see on the wall 306d of the structure 30, an extension 302d of the flow channel 302. The extension 302d is inserted at the level of an opening 302c, visible in [Fig.7B], of the flow channel 302 of an adjacent plant module 300.

[0115] This interlocking allows partial covering of the channels 302 of two plant modules 300 juxtaposed longitudinally, thus ensuring the continuity of the flow of water at roof level.

[0116] Advantageously, and once installed on the roofs with minimum clearance between the edges of the plant modules 300, said modules provide additional protection to the buildings.

[0117] [Fig.8] represents a perspective view of a building 500 on which plant modules 100, 200, 300 are installed on facades 51 and 52 as well as on a roof 53, the facades 51 and 52 being covered with metal cladding 511 and 521, and the roof 53 with steel trays 531.

[0118] The plant modules 100, 200 and 300 are held in place by means of permanent magnets 104, 204 and 304 (not shown here, but presented in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5).

[0119] The installation time of the plant modules 100, 200 and 300 during their deployment is greatly reduced due to the ease of installation of said modules. Indeed, the maintenance of the plant modules 100, 200 and 300 is carried out without drilling the facades 51, 52 as well as the roof 53 in order to maintain, nor gluing of said modules on said facades and said roof.

[0120] In order to facilitate the visualization of the arrangement of the plant modules 100 and 200, on the cladding 521 of the facade 52, said modules are represented empty, by their respective structures 10v and 20v, presented in figures 3 and 4. As a reminder, and due to its design, the plant module 200 is used to be positioned in corners 55 of the building 500 and thus maximize its plant cover.

[0121] Furthermore, the shear stress applied at the permanent magnets 104 and 204 which hold the plant modules 100 and 200 is greatly reduced, in addition to its rubber casing, by the use of plant modules 100s and 200s which are placed directly on the ground S. Thus, the plant modules 100s and 200s serve as a base, on which then rest plant modules 100m and 200m, themselves held on the metal cladding 511 and 512 by means of permanent magnets 104 and 204.

[0122] If the facades 51 and 52 have cladding that is made of wood, advantageously, the permanent magnets 104 and 204, having passages 105 and 205 respectively, are screwed onto said cladding so that the plant modules 100 and 200 are then installed. This installation option, simple to implement, also facilitates external insulation and the greening of buildings whose facades do not include metal cladding, while reducing the actions of preparing the facades and minimizing the air space between the cladding and the plant modules, in comparison with other existing solutions.

[0123] [Fig.9] represents an example of installation of two plant modules 100a and 100b on the building 500 of which a facade 54 is covered with a metal cladding 541. In this example, the plant modules 100a-b each comprise a structure 10a-b, in which are inserted a first thermal insulation plate 12a-b, a substrate 16a-b, a second thermal insulation plate 17a-b, said structures receiving in plant plants 18a-b, irrigated by means of watering pipes 103a-b drop by drop.

[0124] In order to renew the air inside the building 500, the latter is equipped with a ventilation outlet 56, shown in dotted lines in [Fig.8], and has an opening 561 which opens at the rear walls 106ea and 106eb of the plant modules 100a and 100b.

[0125] The air extracted from the building is then confined in a volume delimited by the metal cladding 541 on one side, by the rear walls 106ea and 106eb on the other side, as well as by a sealed frame 19 located around the perimeter delimited by the outline of the two plant modules 100a and 100b side by side. A gas exchange is then carried out between this volume and the root tissue of the plant plants 18a and 18b by means of the orifice 112, shown in [Fig.3].

[0126] If in one embodiment, the plant module 100 comprises thermal insulation plates such as those shown in [Fig.l], and positioned between the wall 106e and the substrate 16, the gas exchange between the volume defined previously and the root tissue of the plant plants 18a and 18b is made possible by means of the orifices 131 and 151 shown in [Fig.l].

[0127] Advantageously, this gas exchange promotes the sequestration by the root tissue of a portion of the CO2 released at the level of the building 500 by the ventilation outlet 56. Similarly, the air entering through the ventilation outlet 56 is partly filtered by means of the plant module 100.

[0128] In addition, and in addition to their action of thermal regulation of the facades of the buildings, the foliage of the plant plants 18a and 18b also captures the CO2 present in the surrounding air.

[0129] Figures 10 and 11 represent a plant module 400 according to a fourth embodiment.

[0130] [Fig. 10] represents the plant module 400 which comprises a structure 40 composed of five walls 406a-e, a substrate 46 filling the interior volume of said structure, and in which plant plants 48 are placed or cultivated beforehand, said plants being irrigated by means of a drip irrigation pipe 403, held on the structure 40 by means of notches 401.

[0131] As with the previous embodiments, the drip irrigation hose 403 has two ends 418 and 419 where there is a quick and waterproof connection system.

[0132] The plant module 400 is suitable for use on the facades of concrete buildings, for example by being fixed to them with insulation dowels (not shown here), for the exterior insulation of individual homes and buildings for example.

[0133] [Fig. 11] represents the structure 40 of the plant module 400.

[0134] The structure 40 mainly comprises five parts which are preferably glued between them: a rear part 413, two sides 414c and 414d, a front part 415 and a part defining a bottom (not visible here).

[0135] The structure 40 is of parallelepiped shape, preferably made of fully recyclable extruded polystyrene, with very good thermal resistance, the external volume of which is defined by a length L40, a height H40 and a depth P40. Preferably, the rear part 413, the sides 414c and 414d and the front part 415 have respectively a thickness E413 of 130 mm, a thickness E414 of 50 mm and a thickness E415 of 25 mm.

[0136] Sides 414c and 414d have a length L414 of 125 mm.

[0137] Advantageously, the structure 40 being made of extruded polystyrene, the substrate as well as the root tissue of the plants 48 are protected from the cold and the heat, in particular by the front part 415.

[0138] Preferably, the length L40 and the height H40 of the structure 40 are equal to 500 mm. The depth P40 is equal to 280 mm.

[0139] As for the structure 10 of the plant module 100, these dimensional values ​​are given as an example, and do not present a limit.

[0140] In order to assemble the structure 40, the five parts are glued together.

[0141] Furthermore, the front part 415 comprises at least one passage hole 407, preferably of circular shape and of diameter D407, a gutter 402, preferably made of metal, making it possible to collect rainwater which runs off the surface of the modules 400.

[0142] In this example, the front part 415 has sixteen holes 407 whose diameter D407 is equal to 80 mm.

[0143] Finally, the bottom of the structure 40 comprises at least one drain hole 410 in order to drain the excess water contained in the substrate 46.

[0144] [Fig. 12] and [Fig. 13] represent another embodiment of a plant module 700.

[0145] [Fig. 12] represents an exploded perspective view of the plant module 700, mainly comprising a structure 70, in which a substrate 76 allows to plant plant seedlings 78 therein, said substrate being irrigated by means of a drip irrigation pipe 703, held on the structure 70 by means of notches 701.

[0146] Advantageously, the structure 70 is covered with a coating 77 which will allow the visual appearance of the plant module 700 to be personalized, both for indoor and outdoor use. Preferably, the coating 77 is made of two layers of aluminum, between which there is a central layer of plastic material (for example polyethylene). This “sandwich plate” type assembly also makes it possible to protect the structure 70 from mechanical shocks, and therefore to preserve the facades of the buildings on which the plant module 700 is installed for longer.

[0147] Preferably the covering 77 is glued to the structure 77.

[0148] The plant module 700 can also be positioned on facades comprising metal cladding by means of a hanging system 71, on which a multitude of permanent magnets 704 are magnetically fixed thereon. The hanging system 71 can also be used to fix the plant module 700 to a facade of a building which would comprise wooden cladding, onto which the magnets 704 have been screwed.

[0149] The hanging support 71 is preferably made of galvanized steel and comprises two hooks 711 and 712 located at the ends of said support. The two hooks 711 and 712 are inverted with respect to each other and allow the plant module 700 to be firmly held when the latter is installed in the hanging support 71.

[0150] [Fig. 13] represents the structure 70 which comprises five walls 706a-e, preferably made of extruded polystyrene.

[0151] In this example, the covering 77 only covers a front wall 706a of the structure 70, which corresponds to the vegetated wall of the plant module 700. In contrast, a rear wall 706b of the structure 70 is defined as being the wall located opposite the vegetated wall of the plant module 700, and which is fixed to the interior or exterior facade of a building. The structure 70 protects the facade of the building against impacts, bad weather and humidity, in distinction from other methods.

[0152] The front wall 706a further comprises at least one orifice 707, through which the plant seedling 78 is planted in the substrate 76. The front wall 706a insulates the substrate from extreme temperatures.

[0153] In addition, the installation of the hanging support 71, at the level of the rear wall 706b of the structure 70, is visible.

[0154] [Fig. 14] and [Fig. 15] represent another embodiment of a plant module 800 for supporting the plant module 700 presented in [Fig. 12] and [Fig. 13].

[0155] [Fig. 14] represents the plant module 800, which as previously, comprises a structure 80, preferably made of extruded polystyrene, which can be covered with a coating 87, preferably in the same materials as those of the coating 77, said structure collecting a substrate 86 in greater quantity, in which plant seedlings 88 are planted, in order to create, for example, a vegetable garden. The whole is irrigated by means of a drip irrigation pipe 803, held on the structure 80 by means of notches 801.

[0156] The plant module 800 is a so-called support module, which is for example placed directly on the ground or on a plurality of supports in order to leave a space between the ground and said module.

[0157] Thus, and in this example, the plant module 700, in addition to being fixed to a facade of a building, rests on the plane P, shown in dotted lines in [Fig. 14].

[0158] In the plant module 800, an orifice 810, here rectangular in shape, present at the level of the plane P allows the excess water contained in the plant module 700 to flow out.

[0159] [Fig. 15] shows an example of arrangement between the plant module 700 and the supporting plant module 800. For greater readability, the plant modules 700 and 800 are shown without plant plants 76 and 86.

Claims

Claims

1. Plant module (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) for covering all or part of building facades or roofs, installed indoors or outdoors, comprising a structure (10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 80), comprising walls (106a-e, 206a-g, 306a-e, 406a-e, 706a-e, 806a-f) forming a semi-open support for containing a substrate (16, 26, 36, 46, 76, 86), and comprising a rear wall (106b, 206b, 206d, 306e, 406b, 706b, 806b) for fixing, characterized in that the structure (10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 80) is made either from a thermal and acoustic insulation material of the extruded polystyrene type, or from galvanized steel, in that said module comprises a drip irrigation pipe (103, 203, 303, 403, 703, 803), in that said module comprises at least one drain hole (110, 210, 410, 710) arranged on a bottom of the structure (10, 20, 40, 70) to evacuate the excess water present in the substrate (16, 26, 46, 76),and in that the plant module is held on the facade or the roof of the building by means of at least one permanent magnet (104, 204, 304, 404, 704, 804).,

2. Plant module (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet (104, 204, 304, 404, 704, 804) preferably has a passage (105, 205, 305, 405, 705, 805) for screwing said magnet to the rear wall (106b, 206b, 206d, 306e, 406b, 706b, 806b) of the structure (10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 80), or to a support surface.

3. A plant module (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) according to any preceding claim, wherein the permanent magnet (104, 204, 304, 404, 704, 804) is covered with a waterproof rubber coating.

4. Plant module (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the watering hose (103, 203, 303, 403, 703, 803) is held in notches (101, 201, 301, 401, 701, 801) positioned on side walls (106c-d, 206c-d, 306c-d, 406c-d, 706c-d, 806c-d) of said module, said watering hose being provided with a quick coupling system at each of its ends for connecting said watering hose to the watering hose of a neighboring module.

5. Plant module (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one thermal insulation plate (12, 13, 17, 27, 37) preferably made of bio-sourced material, and being arranged between the substrate (16, 26, 36) and the rear wall (106b, 206b, 306b) of the structure (10, 20, 30), and / or on a surface to be vegetated of said substrate.

6. Plant module (100) according to claim 5, comprising a first thermal insulation plate (12), in contact with the rear wall (106b) of the structure (10) of said module, said first plate being followed by a second rigid thermal insulation plate (13), said second plate being juxtaposed with a vapor barrier film (15), said film being in contact with the substrate (16), said substrate being followed by a third thermal insulation plate (17).

7. Plant module (100, 200, 400, 700) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a front wall (106a, 206a, 206c, 406a, 706a) comprises at least one orifice (107, 207, 407, 707) for placing at least one plant plant (18, 28, 48, 78).

8. Plant module (100, 200, 400) according to claim 7, wherein the front wall (106a, 206a, 206c, 406a, 706a) comprises a plurality of orifices (107, 207, 407, 707) of different shapes.

9. Plant module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the rear wall (106b) comprises at least one orifice (112) allowing the circulation of air.

10. A plant module (100) according to claim 9, comprising a sealed frame (19) constraining air entering and leaving a building to circulate through the substrate (16).

11. Plant module (300) according to any one of the preceding claims and which is intended to cover a roof, in a substantially horizontal position relative to the roof, the structure (30) of said module comprising at least one flow channel (302) on the rear wall (306b) of said module, said channel draining the excess water present in the substrate (36).

12. Plant module (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the structure (20) has an angle (a), the value of which corresponds to that of building corners, in order to position said module in said corners and thus maximize the plant cover of the buildings.

13. Plant module (700, 800) according to claim 1, the structure (70, 80) of which comprises a shock-resistant coating (77, 87).

14. Plant module (700) according to claim 1, the structure (70) of which comprises at least one attachment support (71) on which at least two permanent magnets (704) are magnetically fixed.

15. Plant module (800) according to claim 1, said module being intended to be placed on a ground, and the structure (80) of which serves as a support for a module located above the plant module (800).

16. Building (500), covered at least partially with a set of plant modules (100, 200, 300, 400, 700, 800) according to one of claims 1 to 15.

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