Functionalized structure intended to be fixed on a roadway

Abstract

The invention relates to a functionalized structure (2) intended to be fixed to a trafficable surface (200), comprising: - an interface layer (20), and - at least one functionalized slab (100) placed on the interface layer (20), the functionalized slab having a thickness less than or equal to 10 millimeters, the interface layer (20) and the functionalized slab (100) being fixed to the trafficable surface (200) by means of at least one fixing means (30, 30A) configured to cooperate with a part of the functionalized structure (2) such that a surface of cooperation between the fixing means (30, 30A) and a face (100A) of the functionalized structure (2) is less than 20% of the total surface of said face (100A) of the functionalized structure (2). Figure for abstract: Fig. 4

Description

Title of the invention: Functionalized structure intended to be fixed to a roadway Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of functionalized structures, for example multilayer structures, comprising electronic components, such as photovoltaic cells or light-emitting diodes for example.

[0002] By the term “functionalized”, in a non-limiting manner, we mean the provision of a function of the electrical energy generator type and / or of the electrical energy receiver type.

[0003] The invention finds a preferred application in the field of solar roads. The invention can, for example, be integrated into surfaces that can be traveled by pedestrians and / or vehicles, whether motorized or not, such as roadways or roads, cycle paths, industrial or airport platforms, squares, sidewalks, pontoons, terraces or parking lots.

[0004] The invention relates more particularly to a functionalized structure intended to be fixed to a trafficable surface. State of the art

[0005] Functionalized pavements are pavements comprising electrically or optically active elements such as photovoltaic cells or other electrically or optically active elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electrical, electronic, optical, optoelectric, piezoelectric and / or thermoelectric elements. In this description, the term "active element" means an element that transmits and / or receives electrical signals. These elements can be used to generate, receive and / or communicate data, or to generate and transfer energy.

[0006] In particular, the principle of solar roads consists of using roads or roadways as means of producing electrical energy, from solar irradiation during the day.

[0007] For this, solar modules are inserted into so-called trafficable roadways (roads, sidewalks, etc.), and covered with a transparent textured surface, resistant to the passage of vehicles, and meeting the grip requirements applicable to roads and other traffic lanes.

[0008] For example, known photovoltaic modules include:

[0009] - a transparent plate on the front face of the module; the front face being the one exposed to incident solar radiation when the modules are installed on the ground,

[0010] -a set of interconnected photovoltaic cells, coated in an encapsulation layer,

[0011] - a plate on the rear face of the photovoltaic module, or in a “backsheet” formed of multi-layer polymers.

[0012] This type of photovoltaic module has a so-called thin thickness, generally less than 5 millimeters.

[0013] Currently, for this type of thin (and therefore flexible) photovoltaic module, it is known to fix the photovoltaic module to the roadway by gluing. The glue is distributed over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module in contact with the roadway.

[0014] This method of fixing has many disadvantages. First of all, it requires very specific weather conditions for installation, with moderate temperature (no cold or heat) and limited ground humidity.

[0015] In addition, the implementation of this bonding of the photovoltaic module on the roadway is quite complex. For example, it requires the use of specific chemical products and requires in-depth training of the operators involved in this installation process. The installation is also particularly difficult for untrained operators.

[0016] Furthermore, it is important that no bubbles form in the glue in order to ensure good durability of the fixing. This is all the more difficult to achieve as the photovoltaic module has large dimensions.

[0017] Finally, the dismantling operations necessarily require the breaking of the photovoltaic module itself. It is therefore difficult to implement non-destructive maintenance operations on a photovoltaic module installed on the roadway. Presentation of the invention

[0018] In this context, the present invention proposes to improve the fixing of a functionalized structure on the roadway in order to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0019] The invention thus relates to a functionalized structure intended to be fixed to a trafficable surface, comprising: - an interface layer (typically elastic damping), and - at least one functionalized slab placed on the interface layer, the functionalized slab having a thickness less than or equal to 10 millimeters, the interface layer and the functionalized slab being fixed to the trafficable surface by means of at least one fixing means configured to cooperate with a part of the functionalized structure such that a surface area of ​​cooperation between the fixing means and a face of the functionalized structure is less than 20% of the total surface area of ​​said face of the functionalized structure.

[0020] According to the invention, thanks to a fixing means according to the invention, the fixing of the functionalized structure on the trafficable surface is carried out locally, without requiring the involvement of the entire total surface of the face concerned of the functionalized structure.

[0021] This feature makes it possible to guarantee easy fixing of the functionalized structure on the trafficable surface while also allowing easy disassembly, without requiring the breakage of this functionalized structure. This makes it possible to facilitate maintenance operations on the functionalized structure. In addition, the use of such fixing means does not require specific installation conditions or special training of operators for the installation of the functionalized structure on the trafficable surface. This also makes it possible to avoid degradation of the trafficable surface during the installation of the functionalized structure on the trafficable surface.

[0022] Other non-limiting and advantageous characteristics of the functionalized structure in accordance with the invention, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations, are the following:

[0023] - the fixing means comprises at least one screw passing through the functional structure streamlined through a fixing opening;

[0024] - the fixing means comprises two screws positioned, in a central part of the functionalized structure, symmetrically with respect to a center of symmetry of the functionalized structure;

[0025] - the fixing means comprises at least one profiled clamping element which is fixed on the trafficable surface by fixing members to tighten the functionalized slab and the interface layer against the trafficable surface, the section of the profiled clamping element comprising: (a) an external support part on the trafficable surface,

[0026] b) an internal clamping part pressed against the upper face of the functionalized slab to keep the functionalized slab and the interface layer pressed against the trafficable surface, and (c) an intermediate part connecting the outer support part and the inner clamping part;

[0027] - the profiled clamping element is in the form of a threshold bar, the outer part of its section comprising an oblique portion to connect the level of the trafficable surface to that of the upper face of the functionalized slab;

[0028] - the outer part of the section of the profiled clamping element comprises, in- below the oblique portion, opposite the trafficable surface, at least one vertical portion forming on the profiled clamping element a vertical base rib for the reinforcement and support of the oblique portion;

[0029] - the intermediate part of the section of the profiled clamping element comprises, in with regard to the trafficable surface, at least one vertical portion forming on the profiled clamping element a vertical base rib for the reinforcement and support of the oblique portion;

[0030] - an interior compartment is formed between a vertical rib of the profiled element clamping and an outer edge of the assembly formed by the interface layer and at least one functionalized slab, said inner compartment forming a passage for electrical cables;

[0031] - the fixing members cooperate with the intermediate part of the section of the profiled clamping element for tightening it towards the trafficable surface, the inner clamping part of the section of the profiled clamping element thus being held in abutment against the functionalized slab;

[0032] - the fixing members comprise screws passing through the profiled clamping element at through openings having an oblong shape;

[0033] - the profiled clamping element comprises a metallic material;

[0034] - the profiled clamping element is made of aluminum;

[0035] - the profiled clamping element is formed from a composite material comprising a mixture of polymers and glass fibers;

[0036] - the inner clamping part has a width greater than or equal to 1 cm;

[0037] - at least one screw is also provided passing through the functionalized structure at through a fixing opening, said screw being positioned in a central part of the functionalized structure;

[0038] - the fixing means comprises a plurality of fixing elements positioned in a peripheral part of the functionalized structure; and

[0039] - a plurality of bonding openings are provided in the interface layer, the fixing means being formed by an adhesive element positioned on a rear face of the functionalized structure and passing through said plurality of adhesive openings.

[0040] The various features, variations and embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. Detailed description of the invention

[0041] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given as non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Consequently, it should be understood that, when the characteristics mentioned in the claims are followed by reference signs, these signs are included solely for the purpose of improving the intelligibility of the claims and in no way limit the scope of the claims.

[0042] In the attached drawings:

[0043] [Fig-1] represents a front view of an example of a functionalized structure according to a first embodiment of the invention,

[0044] [Fig.2] represents a sectional view of the functionalized structure of [Fig.l],

[0045] [Fig.3] represents a front view of an example of a functionalized structure according to a second embodiment of the invention,

[0046] [Fig.4] represents a partial sectional view of the functionalized structure of the [Fig.3],

[0047] [Fig.5] represents a front perspective view of an example of a profiled element of clamping in accordance with the invention,

[0048] [Fig.6] represents a front view of an example of a functionalized structure according to a third embodiment of the invention,

[0049] [Fig.7] represents a sectional view of the functionalized structure of [Fig.6],

[0050] [Fig.8] represents a front view of an example of a functionalized structure according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0051] As a preliminary point, it will be noted that the identical or similar elements of the different embodiments of the invention represented in the different figures will, as far as possible, be referenced by the same reference signs and will not be described each time.

[0052] In the following description, the terms "front" and "rear" will be used in relation to the roadway. Thus, the front of an element designates the side facing away from the roadway while the rear designates the side facing towards the roadway.

[0053] Figures 1 to 4, 6 to 8 schematically represent different views of a functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 according to four embodiments of the invention. This functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 is for example intended to be fixed on a trafficable surface 200 such as a trafficable or pedestrian roadway. In the remainder of this description, we will speak of roadway 200 in general.

[0054] The functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 here has a generally rectangular shape. Alternatively, it may be of any other shape, for example circular.

[0055] As shown in Figures 2, 4, 7 and 8, this functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 comprises at least one functionalized slab 100, an interface layer 20 (associated with each functionalized slab 100) and at least one fixing means 70; 30. Functionalized slab 100:

[0056] The functionalized slab 100 is in the form of a single-piece element, i.e. forming only a single piece. It has a first face, called the upper face 100A (also called the front face 100A hereinafter), intended to form the external face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 and a lower face 100B opposite and preferably parallel to the upper face 100A.

[0057] The upper face 100A represents, for example, the rolling surface of the trafficable area.

[0058] Between its two faces, the functionalized slab 100 comprises several electronic components. More particularly, these electronic components are encapsulated between the upper face 100A and the lower face 100B of the functionalized slab 100. Its upper face 100A is advantageously flat.

[0059] The functionalized slab 100 comprises, for example, an electrical functionalization assembly which makes it possible to confer on the slab an electrical function of the electrical energy generator type and / or an electrical function of the electrical energy receiver type (i.e. consumer), for example an electrical signal receiver such as an antenna.

[0060] As shown in Figures 3 and 6, the functionalized structure 1; 3 may comprise several functionalized slabs 100. These different functionalized slabs 100 are for example fixed to each other by means of elements 105 positioned in the interstices present between two adjacent functionalized slabs 100.

[0061] In such a configuration, each functionalized slab 100 can be provided with one or more functions, depending on the type of slabs used.

[0062] According to the invention, the functionalization assembly of the functionalized slabs 100 takes different configurations depending on the generator or receiver type functionality to be provided to the functionalized slab 100 and to the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4.

[0063] According to a first configuration, exclusively giving the slab an electrical energy generator type, the electrical functionalization assembly (and therefore the functionalized slab 100) is in the form of a photovoltaic module. This photovoltaic module is for example in the form of a multi-layer stack of the type described in patent FR3093116.

[0064] According to another configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly exclusively comprises an electrical energy receiving circuit.

[0065] Thus, in a second configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises, for example, an electronic light and / or sound signaling circuit.

[0066] The electronic light signaling circuit comprises, for example, one or more light-emitting diodes for providing lighting.

[0067] In this second configuration, the structure of the electrical functionalization assembly is similar to that of the first photovoltaic type configuration (in particular for example in the multilayer structure). The differences lie in the fact that it uses a signaling block including light-emitting diodes.

[0068] In a third configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises an induction electric vehicle charging module. This solution makes it possible to charge an electric vehicle when it is stationary on the roadway or in a parking space.

[0069] In a fourth configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises sensors allowing the acquisition of meteorological data so as to form a weather station.

[0070] In a fifth configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises all types of sensors, for example temperature sensor type, pollution sensor type or vehicle counting type.

[0071] In a sixth configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises one or more terminals for connection to one or more wireless communication networks. This will be, for example, a terminal operating according to a known communication protocol such as WIFI, Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, Lora (for “Long Range” according to the Anglo-Saxon name of origin), LTE Ml, NB-IoT (for “Narrowband Internet of Things” according to the Anglo-Saxon name of origin) or other equivalent protocol. It will then be a question of proposing a functionalized slab equipped with one or more of these communication functions.

[0072] In a seventh configuration, the electrical functionalization assembly comprises a heating structure comprising, for example, resistors or a mesh making it possible to heat the infrastructure, in particular to defrost it in winter.

[0073] Whatever the configuration adopted, the functionalized slab 100 according to the invention has a thickness less than or equal to 10 millimeters. The invention therefore applies advantageously to so-called thin functionalized slabs. Intrinsically, due to their low thickness, these functionalized slabs are flexible.

[0074] Interface layer 20:

[0075] As shown in Figures 2, 4 and 7, the interface layer 20 is positioned between the functionalized slab 100 and the roadway 200. The functionalized slab 100 is placed on the interface layer 20. More particularly, the lower face 100B of the functionalized slab 100 is positioned in contact with an upper face 20A of the interface layer 20. A lower face 20B of the interface layer 20 is positioned in contact with the roadway 200.

[0076] This interface layer 20 plays a role of “buffer” between functionalized slab 100 and the roadway 200 (the name “interface layer” illustrates this intermediate character of this layer between the functionalized slab and the roadway). Indeed, when vehicles pass over the functionalized structure 1, the functionalized slab 100 undergoes in particular the mechanical load induced by the vehicles. In particular, it makes it possible to transfer the mechanical forces towards the rear of the functionalized structure. It therefore has a function of absorbing and distributing the mechanical forces.

[0077] Furthermore, this interface layer 20 also makes it possible to compensate for any possible granular aspect of the roadway 200, thus avoiding weakening the functionalized slab 100. In particular, it prevents possible punching from the rear of the functionalized structure. It then has a cushioning function.

[0078] Although the functionalized slab 100 comprises materials enabling it to be resistant to impacts and mechanical loads, it is nevertheless not sufficiently so if it is fixed directly to the roadway. This interface layer 20 therefore makes it possible to reinforce the resistance of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4.

[0079] According to a first example, this interface layer 20 comprises for example an elastomeric material. This is for example a regenerated rubber, an elastomer of the EPDM rubber type (for ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) or an elastomer of the NBR rubber type (for butadiene-acrylonitrile). In this first example, the interface layer is therefore elastic.

[0080] This interface layer 20 has a thickness of between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 7 mm. Here, the interface layer 20 has a thickness of the order of 5 mm.

[0081] According to a second example, the interface layer is in the form of a honeycomb structure. More precisely, in this second example, the interface layer comprises two thin plates between which is positioned a layer having a honeycomb structure characteristic of the honeycomb structure.

[0082] The two thin plates are for example formed from polymer materials or metal (for example aluminum). The layer having the honeycomb structure is for example formed from polymer materials or metal (for example aluminum).

[0083] In this second example, the interface layer has a thickness of between 5 and 15 mm, preferably between 8 and 13 mm. Here, the interface layer 20 has a thickness of the order of 1 cm (centimeter).

[0084] This honeycomb structure is particularly advantageous because it allows the mechanical forces undergone by the functionalized structure to be distributed while avoiding punching from the rear of the latter. In particular, it allows possible deformations due to the presence of stones on the road surface, for example, to be absorbed without deforming (thanks in particular to the presence of the cells).

[0085] Alternatively, the interface layer may be formed from the layer comprising the elastomeric material and the layer having a honeycomb structure. Fixing means 70; 30, 30A:

[0086] The present invention relates more particularly to the manner in which the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 are fixed to the roadway 200.

[0087] The functionalized structure 1 comprises at least one fixing means 70; 30, 30A configured to cooperate with a part of the functionalized structure 1. This fixing means fixing 70; 30, 30A allows the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 to be held on the roadway 200 (the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 here not being fixed to each other elsewhere). This fixing means 70; 30, 30A also makes it possible to prevent the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 from rotating but also to prevent the functionalized slab 100 from sliding or lifting off the roadway.

[0088] More particularly, as will be illustrated below for the different embodiments of the invention, a surface of cooperation is defined between the fixing means and a face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 (for example, the external (or upper or front) face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 corresponding to the upper face 100A of the functionalized slab 100 or the internal (or lower or rear) face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 corresponding to the lower face 20B of the interface layer 20).

[0089] Advantageously according to the invention, this cooperation surface is less than 20% of the total surface of the relevant face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4. This is for example the upper face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 corresponding to the upper face 100A of the functionalized slab or the lower face of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 corresponding to the lower face of the interface layer 20.

[0090] In practice, thanks to such a fixing means, the fixing of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 on the roadway 200 is carried out locally, without requiring the involvement of the entire total surface of the face concerned of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4.

[0091] More particularly, as will be seen later, this fixing is preferably carried out in a quasi-punctual or local surface manner. By quasi-punctual, it is meant here that the cooperation surface is less than 5% of the total surface of the face concerned of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4.

[0092] This feature makes it possible to guarantee easy fixing of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 on the roadway 200 while also allowing easy disassembly, without requiring the breakage of this functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4. This makes it possible to facilitate maintenance operations on the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4. In addition, the use of such fixing means does not require specific installation conditions or special training of the operators for the installation of the functionalized structure 1; 2; 3; 4 on the roadway 200.

[0093] Alternatively, the functionalized slab and the interface layer could be fixed together, for example by gluing. In this case, the fixing means makes it possible to fix the integral assembly formed by the functionalized slab and the interface layer to the roadway. First embodiment of the invention:

[0094] Figures 1 and 2 represent a first embodiment of the fixing means according to the invention.

[0095] In this embodiment, the fixing of the assembly formed by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 on the roadway 200 is carried out by at least one fixing element 70. This fixing element 70 is for example positioned in a central part of the functionalized structure 1 (i.e. at a distance from the free edges of the functionalized structure 1).

[0096] In practice, this fixing element 70 is positioned between the active elements of the functionalized slab 100 (in particular so as not to damage them).

[0097] Preferably here, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, two fixing elements 70 are provided. This makes it possible in particular to reinforce the maintenance of the functionalized structure 1 on the roadway 200 while distributing the mechanical forces exerted on the functionalized structure 1.

[0098] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, these two fixing elements 70 are positioned here in a central part of the functionalized structure 1, symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry O of the functionalized structure 1.

[0099] In practice, the fixing elements 70 are for example screws passing through the entire thickness of the assembly formed by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 ([Fig.2]). For this, fixing openings 72 passing through the assembly formed by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 are present.

[0100] Advantageously, the fixing openings 72 intended to receive the fixing elements 70 have a circular shape. Each fixing opening 72 receiving a fixing element 70 is therefore characterized by a diameter.

[0101] Advantageously, this diameter is greater than a characteristic dimension of the fixing element 70. For example, in the case where the fixing element 70 is a screw, the diameter of the fixing opening 72 is greater than the diameter of the screw head.

[0102] This larger dimension of the opening of the fixing 72 then allows the creation of a functional clearance between the edges of the fixing opening 72 and the fixing element 70. This then allows for a slight displacement during the expansion of the functionalized slab or the roadway, thus making it possible to avoid the formation of support zones that risk causing the breakage of the functionalized slab. Thanks to these fixing openings 72 having a characteristic dimension greater than the dimension of the fixing elements 70 which are introduced therein, the functionalized slab 100 can, when expansion stresses are applied to it or to the roadway 200, slide freely on the roadway 200. In this case, the fixing element 70 is not subjected to any force.

[0103] In practice, the diameter of each fixing opening 72 is at least 12% greater than the characteristic dimension of the fixing element 70. Preferably, the diameter of each fixing opening 72 is 15% greater than the characteristic dimension of the fixing element 70.

[0104] Optionally, an expansion joint (e.g. comprising a polymeric material) may be positioned in the space formed between the edges of the fastening opening 72 and the fastening element 70. This expansion joint makes it possible to reinforce the effect whereby the fastening element does not undergo any force when expansion stresses are applied to the functionalized structure.

[0105] Alternatively, the fixing elements may be nails, self-drilling dowels (more generally called "spit"), glue dots or self-gripping type fasteners (such as "velcro").

[0106] Preferably according to this first embodiment, two screws 70 are provided to allow the functionalized structure 1 to be fixed to the roadway 200. The cooperation surface introduced previously is here defined by the section of the oblong-shaped fixing openings 72. In this configuration, the fixing is said to be quasi-point-shaped because the section of the two oblong-shaped fixing openings 72 is less than 2% of the total surface area of ​​the external face of the functionalized structure 1 (which corresponds to the front face 100A of the functionalized slab 100).

[0107] This first embodiment of the fixing means is particularly advantageous because the fixing of the functionalized structure on the roadway is easy to implement. The fixing of the screws does not require specific conditions or particular training for the operator implementing it. In addition, due to the removable nature of the screws, the dismantling of the functionalized structure from the roadway is also easy to implement.

[0108] As a variant of this first embodiment, the functionalized structure 4 may comprise a plurality of fixing elements 70. As shown in [Fig.8], a plurality of fixing elements 70 may be provided positioned in a peripheral portion of the functionalized structure 4. By peripheral portion, here is meant an area close to the lateral free ends of the functionalized structure 4. In other words, in this embodiment, as opposed to the fixing elements of the first embodiment positioned in a central portion, the fixing elements are here positioned close to the edges of the functionalized structure 4.

[0109] This plurality of fixing elements 70 is for example formed here from a plurality of screws.

[0110] As a further variant (not shown), the fixing elements can be positioned in the peripheral part and the central part of the functionalized structure.

[0111] This variant is particularly advantageous in the case of a functionalized slab. large, that is to say whose total surface area is greater than or equal to 0.4 m2 (square meter).

[0112] For example, this variant corresponds for example to a combination of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 8. Thus, in this example, a plurality of screws are positioned in the peripheral part of the functionalized structure and two screws are positioned in the central part of the functionalized structure. Second embodiment of the invention:

[0113] Figures 3 to 5 illustrate a second embodiment of the fixing means according to the invention.

[0114] In this second embodiment, the fixing of the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 on the roadway 200 is carried out by means of at least one profiled clamping element 30, 30A.

[0115] As can be seen in [Fig. 3], a plurality of profiled clamping elements 30, 30A are provided here for practical design reasons. Of course, the invention is not limited to the number of profiled clamping elements 30, 30A shown in [Fig. 3]. Any other design, in particular with different dimensions (for example in length) of the profiled clamping elements, is conceivable in the present invention.

[0116] As also shown in [Fig.3], two types of profiled clamping elements 30, 30A are used here to fix the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 on the roadway 200.

[0117] A first example, the profiled clamping element 30, is shaped to be positioned at the sides of the rectangle formed by the functionalized structure 2. This first example is in particular shown in [Fig.5]. In this case, the profiled clamping element 30 is in a rectilinear shape. Its dimensions are less than or equal to the length of the side of the rectangular shape of the functionalized structure 2. For example, the length of the profiled clamping element 20 is less than 80 centimeters (cm).

[0118] A second example, the profiled clamping element 30A, is shaped to be positioned at the corners of the functionalized structure 2 ([Fig.3]). In this case, the profiled clamping element 30A has an angled portion and in particular makes it possible to connect two profiled clamping elements 30 together according to the first example (as can be seen in [Fig.3]).

[0119] Whatever the type of profiled clamping element 30, 30A considered, the profiled clamping element 30, 30A has a threshold bar shape allowing the connection between the roadway 200 and the upper face 100A of the functionalized slab 100 ([Fig.4]).

[0120] Advantageously according to the invention, the profiled clamping element 30, 30A therefore ensures that roadway 200 and functionalized structure 2 are joined, so as to ensure continuity of the traffic lane.

[0121] As is particularly visible in [Fig.4], the section of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A comprises an external support part 32, an intermediate part 34 and an internal clamping part 36.

[0122] The outer part 32 allows the profiled clamping element 30, 30A to rest on the roadway. It has an oblique portion with an angle of inclination a. This angle of inclination is here less than 30 degrees.

[0123] A low value of the inclination angle a makes it possible to ensure that the functionalized structure 2 integrates properly on the roadway, in particular by avoiding the formation of a possible step on the roadway that would be felt by vehicles or pedestrians traveling on the functionalized structure 2.

[0124] The inner clamping part 36 is pressed against the upper face 100A at a contact zone 30B ([Fig.4]). This inner clamping part 36 makes it possible to maintain the assembly formed by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 in abutment against the roadway 200. In other words, this inner clamping part 36 makes it possible to maintain the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 in position against the roadway 200.

[0125] This inner clamping part 36 has a width 1 greater than 1 centimeter (cm). Preferably, this width 1 is of the order of 2 cm.

[0126] Furthermore, the contact zone 30B has a width lc of between 3 and 7 millimeters (mm). Here, the contact zone 30B has a width lc of the order of 5 mm.

[0127] This width of the contact zone makes it possible to guarantee good support, on the roadway, of the assembly formed by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20.

[0128] As shown in [Fig.4], the intermediate part 34 connects the outer support part 32 and the inner clamping part 36. In practice, the intermediate part 34 connects the level of the roadway 200 to that of the upper face 100A of the functionalized slab 100.

[0129] Here, the intermediate portion 34 is located in the extension of the internal clamping portion 36. In other words, the intermediate portion 34 and the internal clamping portion 36 form a portion generally parallel to the front face 100A of the functionalized slab 100.

[0130] The length L ([Fig.4]) of the intermediate part 34 and the internal clamping part 36 is between 50 and 80 mm, preferably between 50 and 65 mm. Here, the length L is of the order of 60 mm.

[0131] Advantageously according to the invention, the intermediate part 34 comprises, towards the rear of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A, at least one vertical portion 41, 42. Each vertical portion 41, 42 forms, at the rear of the intermediate part 34, a vertical base rib 41, 42. In other words, the intermediate part 34 of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A rests on the roadway by means of these vertical base ribs 41, 42.

[0132] These ribs make it possible to reinforce the support of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A on the roadway and to support the intermediate part 34. In this way, the intermediate part 34 has increased resistance to withstand the mechanical loads to which the functionalized structure 1 is exposed and also to support the mounting and fixing of the profiled clamping elements without crushing or excessive tightening of the functionalized structure. For this effect to be observed, it should be noted that in the rest position, that is to say without loads or compressive stresses exerted on the functionalized structure 2, the vertical portions 41, 42 are flush with the roadway 200.

[0133] The vertical portion 43 has a vertical dimension h of between 6 and 15 mm, preferably between 8 and 12 mm. Here, this vertical dimension h is of the order of 9 mm.

[0134] As shown in [Fig.4], an interior compartment 45 is defined between one of the vertical base ribs, here the rib 41, and an outer edge 50 of the assembly formed here by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20. This interior compartment 45 here allows the passage of electrical cables (not shown in the figures). These electrical cables are for example installed under a set of profiled elements 30C ([Fig.3]) which is not described in more detail here.

[0135] As can be seen in [Fig.4], the outer support part 32 also comprises, towards the rear of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A, at least one vertical portion 43. This vertical portion 43 forms, at the rear of the outer support part 32, a vertical base rib 43. In other words, the outer support part 32 of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A rests on the roadway via this vertical base rib 43 (in the same way as for the intermediate part 34).

[0136] This rib also makes it possible to reinforce the support of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A on the roadway and to support the external support part 32 (which has an oblique shape).

[0137] Advantageously according to the invention, the profiled clamping element 30, 30A comprises a metallic material. It is for example formed in a single piece by molding. It can also be formed by extrusion. This is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to precisely form the different parts of the profiled clamping element (in particular the vertical ribs) while guaranteeing the strength of the entire profiled clamping element 30. This strength is then reflected when using the functionalized structure 2, with improved resistance to shocks and mechanical loads.

[0138] Preferably, the profiled clamping element 30, 30A is made of aluminum. The use of aluminum also makes it possible to guarantee sufficient flexibility of the functionalized structure 2.

[0139] Alternatively, the profiled clamping element may be formed from a composite material comprising a mixture of polymers and glass fibers. As a further alternative, the profiled clamping element may be formed from a composite material comprising a mixture of polymers and mineral fillers.

[0140] Advantageously according to the invention, the assembly formed here by the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 is held on the roadway 200 by the profiled clamping element 30, 30A which is itself fixed to the roadway by means of fixing members 80 (figures 3 and 4).

[0141] In this embodiment, the surface of cooperation between the fixing means (here the profiled clamping element 30, 30A) and the front face 100A is defined by the contact surface between the inner clamping part 36 and the front face 100A. This surface of cooperation here has a generally rectangular shape. Advantageously according to the invention, due to the dimensions of the inner clamping part 36, the surface of cooperation is less than 20% of the total surface of the front face 100A of the functionalized structure 2.

[0142] The fixing members 80 are here distributed along the entire periphery of the functionalized structure 2 ([Fig.3]). For example, in the case of a profiled clamping element 30 according to the first example (rectilinear shape), several fixing members 80 are provided (per profiled clamping element 30), spaced apart from each other by a distance of less than 50 cm, for example of the order of 30 cm.

[0143] As shown in [Fig.4], the fixing member 80 cooperates with the intermediate part 34 of the profiled clamping element 30, 30A to tighten this intermediate part 34 (and therefore the profiled clamping element 30) towards the roadway 200. This also makes it possible to keep the inner clamping part 36 pressed against the front face 100A of the functionalized slab 100. This cooperation also makes it possible to keep the outer support part 32 pressed against the roadway 200.

[0144] In practice, as shown in [Fig.4], the fixing member 80 extends into the rib 42. This configuration further reinforces the resistance to shocks and mechanical loads undergone by the profiled clamping element 30.

[0145] Alternatively, the fixing member could pass through the profiled clamping element through a compartment formed between two adjacent ribs present at the rear of the intermediate part.

[0146] In practice, the fixing members 80 are for example screws passing through the profiled clamping element 30. For this, openings 82 are present in the intermediate part 34 ([Fig.5]).

[0147] Advantageously, the openings 82 intended to receive the fixing members 80 have an oblong shape. This oblong shape makes it possible to allow a slight displacement during the expansion of the functionalized slab or of the profiled clamping element or of the roadway, thus making it possible to avoid the formation of support zones which risk causing the breakage of the functionalized slab. Thanks to these oblong openings, the functionalized slab can, when expansion constraints apply to it or to the profiled clamping element or to the roadway, slide freely on the roadway. In this case, the fixing member is not subjected to any force.

[0148] Here, each oblong-shaped opening 82 receiving a fixing member 80 is characterized by two dimensions: a length and a width.

[0149] The length of each oblong-shaped opening 82 is between 8 and 15 mm, preferably between 8 and 12 mm. Here, the length of each oblong-shaped opening 82 is of the order of 10 mm.

[0150] The width of each oblong-shaped opening 82 is between 3 and 10 mm, preferably between 4 and 8 mm. Here, the width of each oblong-shaped opening 82 is of the order of 6 mm.

[0151] Optionally, as visible in [Fig. 5], an oblong-shaped machining can be carried out around each opening 82. This machining here forms a recess in the profiled clamping element 30, 30A. It then makes it possible to prevent a part of the corresponding fixing member 80 from protruding from the front face of the profiled clamping element. For example, in the case of a screw, the head of the latter remains contained in the recess formed by this machining.

[0152] Alternatively, the profiled clamping element may be fixed by gluing to the roadway. More specifically, an adhesive element is introduced between the outer support part and the roadway so that the profiled clamping element keeps the assembly formed by the functionalized slab and the interface layer in contact with the roadway. In this alternative, the cooperation surface is also defined by the contact surface between the inner clamping part and the front face of the functionalized structure. Third embodiment:

[0153] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a third embodiment of the fixing means according to the invention.

[0154] This third embodiment of the invention corresponds to a combination of the first and second embodiments described previously.

[0155] In other words, in this third embodiment, the fixing of the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 on the roadway 200 is carried out, on the one hand, by at least one fixing element 70 (as in the first embodiment described previously) and, on the other hand, by means of at least one profiled clamping element 30, 30A (as in the second embodiment described previously).

[0156] The characteristic elements of the first and second embodiments are not described again here.

[0157] The configuration implemented in this third embodiment makes it possible to further reinforce the maintenance of the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20 on the roadway 200.

[0158] This third embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case of a large functionalized slab, i.e. one whose total surface area is greater than or equal to 0.4 m2. For example, the functionalized slab has a total surface area of ​​the order of 0.7 m2. Other embodiment:

[0159] As a variant (not shown) of the embodiments of the invention introduced previously, the functionalized slab and the interface layer are fixed to the roadway by means of at least one adhesive element. This adhesive element is for example positioned on a rear face of the functionalized structure (i.e. on a lower face of the interface layer).

[0160] More particularly, to allow the functionalized slab and the interface layer to be fixed to the roadway, the interface layer comprises a plurality of bonding openings. These bonding openings are for example positioned opposite the spaces formed between the active elements of the functionalized structure.

[0161] In practice, the fixing of the functionalized slab is therefore implemented by introducing the adhesive elements through the adhesive openings. The fixing of the functionalized structure on the roadway is therefore carried out here by means of adhesive points extending through these adhesive openings, from the functionalized slab to the roadway.

[0162] This embodiment variant is particularly advantageous in the context of solar farms (i.e. a large area in which photovoltaic panels are installed). In particular, this embodiment variant is particularly advantageous in areas where traffic, for example road traffic, is reduced. Back plate:

[0163] Whatever the embodiment of the invention presented previously, according to a variant not shown, optionally, a rear plate can be positioned at the rear of the functionalized slab 100. More particularly, this plate rear is positioned between the functionalized slab 100 and the interface layer 20. More particularly, the rear plate is positioned between the lower face 100B of the functionalized slab 100 and the upper face 20A of the interface layer 20.

[0164] The back plate has a thickness of between 0.5 and 5 millimeters (mm), preferably between 1 and 3 mm. For example, the back plate has a thickness of the order of 2 mm.

[0165] The back plate is for example metallic. It is for example formed here from steel.

[0166] Alternatively, it may be formed from a composite material or a plastic material (i.e. comprising polymers) or even from a thermoplastic polymer called “Kevlar” (poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide)).

[0167] Alternatively, the back plate may have a honeycomb structure as described above. For example, in this case, the back plate comprises two thin plates between which is positioned a layer having a honeycomb structure characteristic of the honeycomb structure.

[0168] The two thin plates are for example formed from polymer materials or metal (for example aluminum). The layer having the honeycomb structure is for example formed from polymer materials or metal (for example aluminum).

[0169] Here, the interface layer has a thickness of between 5 and 15 mm, preferably between 8 and 13 mm. Here, the interface layer 20 has a thickness of the order of 1 cm.

[0170] This is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to guarantee the flatness of the functionalized structure and to limit its deformation when it is subjected to loads due, for example, to the passage of vehicles.

[0171] Applications

[0172] The present invention advantageously relates to functionalized structures for solar roads. The invention also advantageously applies to functionalized structures intended to be positioned on a roadway and integrating other active or passive elements.

[0173] In particular, the functionalized structure can be integrated into the surface of trafficable roadways - for any means of rolling transport, motorized and / or non-motorized, and / or pedestrian. More details on the characteristics of such a roadway can be found in document FR3093116.

Claims

Claims

1. Functionalized structure (1; 2; 3) intended to be fixed on a trafficable surface (200), comprising: - an interface layer (20), and - at least one functionalized slab (100) placed on the interface layer (20), the functionalized slab having a thickness less than or equal to 10 millimeters, the interface layer (20) and the functionalized slab (100) being fixed on the trafficable surface (200) by means of at least one fixing means (70; 30, 30A) configured to cooperate with a part of the functionalized structure (1; 2; 3) such that a surface of cooperation between the fixing means (70; 30, 30A) and a face (100A) of the functionalized structure (1; 2; 3) is less than 20% of the total surface of said face (100A) of the functionalized structure (1; 2; 3).

2. Functionalized structure (1; 3) according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means (70) comprises at least one screw passing through the functionalized structure (1; 3) through a fixing opening (72).

3. Functionalized structure (1; 3) according to claim 2, wherein the fixing means (70) comprises two screws positioned, in a central part of the functionalized structure (1; 3), symmetrically with respect to a center of symmetry (O) of the functionalized structure (1; 3).

4. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means comprises at least one profiled clamping element (30, 30A) which is fixed to the trafficable surface (200) by fixing members (80) to clamp the functionalized slab (100) and the interface layer (20) against the trafficable surface (200), the section of the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) comprising: - an outer part (32) for bearing on the trafficable surface (200), - an inner clamping part (36) pressed against the upper face (100A) of the functionalized slab (100) to keep the functionalized slab (100) and the interface layer (20) bearing against the trafficable surface (200), and - an intermediate part (34) connecting the outer part (32) for bearing and the inner part (36) of clamping.

5. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to claim 4, in which the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) is in the form of a threshold bar, the outer part (32) of its section comprising an oblique portion for connecting the level of the trafficable surface (200) to that of the upper face (100A) of the functionalized slab (100).

6. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to claim 5, in which the outer part (32) of the section of the profiled clamping element (30) comprises, below the oblique portion, facing the walkable surface (200), at least one vertical portion (43) forming on the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) a vertical base rib for reinforcing and supporting the oblique portion.

7. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, in which the intermediate part (34) of the section of the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) comprises, facing the roadway (200), at least one vertical portion (41, 42) forming on the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) a vertical base rib for the reinforcement and support of the oblique portion.

8. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to claim 6 or 7, in which an interior compartment (45) is formed between a vertical rib (43) of the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) and an outer edge (50) of the assembly formed by the interface layer (20) and at least one functionalized slab (100), said interior compartment (45) forming a passage for electric cables.

9. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 8, in which the fixing members (80) cooperate with the intermediate part (34) of the section of the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) to tighten the latter towards the trafficable surface (200), the internal clamping part (36) of the section of the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) thus being held in abutment against the functionalized slab (100).

10. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 9, in which the fixing members (80) comprise screws passing through the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) through openings (82) having an oblong shape.

11. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) comprises a metallic material.

12. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of the claims- indications 4 to 11, in which the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) is made of aluminum.

13. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 10, in which the profiled clamping element (30, 30A) is formed from a composite material comprising a mixture of polymers and glass fibers.

14. Functionalized structure (2; 3) according to any one of claims 4 to 13, in which the inner clamping part (36) has a width greater than or equal to 1 cm.

15. Functionalized structure (3) according to any one of claims 4 to 14, wherein there is also provided at least one screw (70) passing through the functionalized structure (3) through a fixing opening (72), said screw (70) being positioned in a central part of the functionalized structure (3).

16. The functionalized structure of claim 2, wherein the attachment means (70) comprises a plurality of attachment elements positioned in a peripheral portion of the functionalized structure.

17. A functionalized structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of bonding openings are provided in the interface layer, the attachment means being formed by an adhesive element positioned on a rear face of the functionalized structure and passing through said plurality of bonding openings.

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