SKIN-PERFECTING AND FIRMING COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

SKIN PERFECTING AND FIRMING COMPOSITIONS The present disclosure relates to a skin perfecting and firming composition that provides an instant and dramatic improvement in the appearance of the skin, for example, by reducing the appearance of wrinkles, under-eye bags, pores, and skin imperfections such as scars, dark spots (and uneven skin tone), dark circles, and roughness. The skin perfecting and firming compositions comprise: (a) one or more polysaccharides with amine groups; (b) silica particles; (c) one or more acids, their salts, or a combination thereof; (d) optionally, one or more fatty compounds; (e) optionally, one or more water-soluble solvents; and water.The skin-perfecting and firming compositions exhibit excellent transparency, veiling, and sheen characteristics suitable for application to the skin, which are particularly long-lasting. Figure for abstract: none.

Description

Title of the invention: SKIN-PERFECTING AND REFIRMING COMPOSITIONS SCOPE OF DISCLOSURE

[0001] The present disclosure relates to skin perfecting and firming compositions, and methods for improving the appearance of skin, for example, by providing a firming, lifting and smoothing effect to the skin. CONTEXT

[0002] The skin produces less collagen and elastin as it ages. For example, after the age of twenty, a person (human) produces approximately 1% less collagen in the skin each year. As a result, the skin becomes thinner and more fragile. Inevitably, wrinkles, crow's feet, age spots, bags under the eyes, etc. begin to form. In addition, many individuals suffer from scars or other skin aberrations. Consumers often wish to improve the appearance of these age-related imperfections, preferably with instant results. Many consumer products and procedures dedicated to the concealment and reduction of wrinkles are available.Some products and procedures are simple and inexpensive, for example, applying makeup, especially a primer or colored foundation, to cover the skin (and thus cover and / or fill in wrinkles and give a smoother appearance). Much more expensive and drastic procedures, such as surgical rhytidectomies and Botox® injections, are also used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. However, many consumers cannot afford or do not want to undergo such drastic cosmetic procedures. There are several lotions and creams that are formulated to moisturize the skin and make it more supple, thus reducing the appearance of wrinkles. Some of these products contain active ingredients, for example, that help repair and rejuvenate the skin over time. Unfortunately, many of these types of products suffer from various drawbacks.

[0003] Makeup products are often visible, offer minimal textural benefits, and have no lasting effect on the skin. After makeup removal, the skin feels the same as before makeup application. Common skin care products can have chronic, acute, or both effects on the skin. Hydration and optical effects are common acute benefits, but these benefits fade quickly over time.

[0004] Attempts have been made to develop new product categories in order to to improve the appearance of the skin without the drawbacks of existing products and procedures. One such product family can generally be classified as "adhesive contractile film-forming polymers." Film-forming polymers are chemical compositions that, when applied to the skin, leave a flexible, cohesive, and continuous coating. A closed group of film-forming polymers is also skin-adherent and contractile. SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE

[0005] The present disclosure relates to skin-perfecting and firming compositions for providing an instant and dramatic improvement in the appearance of the skin, for example, by reducing the appearance of wrinkles, under-eye bags, pores, and skin imperfections such as scars, dark spots (and uneven skin tone), dark circles, and roughness. Upon application to the skin, the compositions immediately begin to firm the skin while maintaining the skin's natural appearance, i.e., the treated skin does not appear manipulated or altered. The inventors have discovered that the skin-perfecting and firming compositions exhibit excellent transparency, haze, and sheen characteristics suitable for application to the skin, which are particularly long-lasting. The skin-perfecting and firming compositions typically include:

[0006] (a) one or more polysaccharides with amine groups;

[0007] (b) silica particles,

[0008] wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:1;

[0009] (c) one or more acids, their salts or their combination;

[0010] (d) optionally, one or more fatty compounds, one or more soluble solvents in water, optionally, one or more thickening agents, one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers; and

[0011] (e) water.

[0012] The one or more polysaccharides with amine groups include those having C5-C7 saccharide units and also their organic or mineral acid salts, their α (alpha) or [3 (beta) anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration and their solvates such as hydrates. Non-limiting examples include poly-hexosamines, polyglucosamines, or a combination thereof. In various embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups comprise or consist of chitin, chitin derivatives, chitosan, chitosan derivatives, or a combination thereof.

[0013] Non-limiting examples of silica particles include fumed silica, precipitated silica, or a combination thereof. Typically, the silica particles are hydrophilic and have not been surface-treated with a hydrophobic component.

[0014] The one or more acids may be organic acids, inorganic acids, or organic acids, their salts, or a combination thereof. For example, useful acids include, but are not limited to, those having one (mono), two (di), or three (tri) carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups. Mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids, and / or salts thereof, typically have a molecular weight of less than about 500 g / mol, less than about 400 g / mol, or less than about 300 g / mol. In various preferred embodiments, the skin firming and perfecting composition includes one or more alpha hydroxy acids. An alpha hydroxy acid is an organic acid containing a hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxylic acid group.Non-limiting examples include glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, their salt or their combination, more preferably wherein the one or more alpha hydroxy acids comprise or consist of glycolic acid, their salts or their combination.

[0015] The fatty compound may optionally be included in the skin perfecting and firming compositions. The fatty compounds are lipophilic and may be derived, for example, from plant sources, animal sources, or petrochemical sources. In various embodiments, the one or more fatty compounds are preferably of non-petrochemical origin. In other embodiments, the one or more fatty compounds are derived from plants or animals, preferably from plants. Non-limiting examples of fatty compounds include oils, waxes, linear or branched alkanes, fatty esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acid esters, cetyl esters, triglycerides, or a mixture thereof.

[0016] The skin perfecting and firming compositions optionally include one or more water-soluble solvents (also referred to as "water-soluble organic solvents"). Non-limiting examples include glycerin, C1-C6 monohydric alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more water-soluble solvents is glycerin, a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0017] The skin perfecting and firming compositions may optionally include one or more thickening agents, depending on the desired thickness of the compositions.

[0018] Non-limiting examples of thickening agents include carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, gums and combinations thereof.

[0019] In various embodiments, the skin firming and perfecting compositions may include one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. However, nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers are not required. Non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers include alkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ethoxylated mono- or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters (polysorbates), fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides, and mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers is a polysorbate.

[0020] The skin perfecting and firming compositions may optionally include one or more skin active agents. Non-limiting examples (categories) of skin active agents include antioxidants, anti-wrinkle agents, depigmenting agents, vitamins, ceramides, alpha and / or beta-hydroxy acids, anti-acne agents, etc.

[0021] The skin perfecting and firming compositions may optionally include one or more various ingredients. Non-limiting examples include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, buffers, flavonoids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, hydrotropes, pearlizing agents, fillers, colorants, matting agents, or a combination thereof.

[0022] The form of the skin perfecting and firming composition is typically a liquid or has a liquid-like consistency, a gel or a gel-like consistency, a lotion or a lotion-like consistency, a cream or a cream-like consistency, or a paste or a paste-like consistency. The form or consistency of the skin perfecting and firming composition is such that it can be applied uniformly to the skin. In various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, a suspension, or a dispersion.

[0023] The present disclosure also relates to methods of improving the appearance of skin comprising applying the compositions described herein to the skin. For example, the present disclosure relates to methods of smoothing skin comprising applying the compositions described herein to the skin and forming a film or layer on the skin. In various embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods of tightening skin comprising applying the compositions described herein to the skin and forming a film or layer on the skin. In some instances, the compositions are applied to facial skin, and / or more specifically around the eyes, around the mouth and / or around the neck of a human face.Methods for improving the appearance of the skin include methods for treating or reducing the appearance of wrinkles, blemishes, dryness, roughness, dullness, age spots, scars, hollows, etc.

[0024] The compositions of the present disclosure are surprisingly stable, elastic and unexpectedly provide a long-lasting smoothing and firming effect for the skin. Unlike other products, the film or layer formed on the skin does not dry out or turn white, crack, or peel off. Instead, the film or layer remains flexible (elastic), durable, and comfortable. In addition, the compositions (and the resulting films or layers) moisturize and protect the underlying skin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0025] Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

[0026] [Fig. 1] FIGURE illustrates a mechanism by which chitosan is believed to interact with silica through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between surface silanol groups on the surface of the silica (-Si-OH) and pendant amine (-NH2) groups and / or pendant hydroxyl (-OH) groups of chitosan.

[0027] It should be understood that the various aspects are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The present disclosure relates to skin perfecting and firming compositions that provide instant and long-lasting improvements to the appearance of the skin. For example, the compositions provide an instant smoothing and firming effect to the skin and are therefore useful for treating under-eye bags, facial wrinkles, and other age-related skin imperfections. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the amine groups of the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups interact via intermolecular hydrogen bonding with silica surface silanol groups resulting in a film with a crosslinked polymer network when the composition dries on a user's skin, thereby contributing to the superb tensile strength and cohesiveness of the film.Skin perfecting and firming compositions are also particularly useful for filling and improving skin aberrations such as deep wrinkles, hollows in the skin, skin scars, etc. Skin perfecting and firming compositions typically include: .

[0029] (a) about 1 to about 12% by weight of one or more polysaccharides with amine groups;

[0030] (b) about 0.1 to about 8% by weight of silica particles,

[0031] wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 6:1 to about 1:1;

[0032] (c) about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of one or more acids, preferably one or more alpha hydroxy acids, their salts, or their combination;

[0033] (d) optionally, about 0.1 to about 40 wt. % of one or more compounds fat ;

[0034] (e) optionally, about 0.01 to about 25% by weight of one or more solvents soluble in water;

[0035] (f) optionally, about 0.01 to about 6 wt% of one or more polymers thickeners;

[0036] (g) optionally, about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of one or more ten- non-ionic sioactives or emulsifiers;

[0037] (h) about 50 to about 90% by weight of water;

[0038] wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the composition.

[0039] In one embodiment of the invention, the skin-perfecting composition comprises:

[0040] (a) about 1 to about 12% by weight of chitosan;

[0041] (b) about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of nanoparticles or microparticles of hydrophilic sublimed or precipitated silica;

[0042] wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:1;

[0043] (c) about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, their salt or their combination;

[0044] (d) about 1 to about 20% by weight of one or more fatty compounds

[0045] (e) about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents chosen from glycerin, C1-C6 monoalcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols and their mixture;

[0046] (f) about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of one or more thickening agents;

[0047] (g) about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of one or more surfactants or emulsifiers non-ionic sifiers chosen from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ethoxylated mono or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides and mixtures thereof;

[0048] (h) about 50 to about 90% by weight of water; and

[0049] (i) optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of one or more in various ingredients selected from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, or other particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, depigmenting agents, skin active agents, anti-wrinkle agents or a mixture thereof;

[0050] wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the com- position. (a) Polysaccharides with amine groups

[0051] Skin perfecting and firming compositions include one or more polysaccharides with amine groups. The polysaccharides with one or more amine groups may include their organic or mineral acid salts, their α [3] anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration, and their solvates such as hydrates. In some cases, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups have an average molecular weight (MW) of less than or equal to 400 kDa, for example less than 200 kDa. Similarly, in some cases, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups have a low average molecular weight, i.e., a MW < 100 kDa, preferably having a weight average MW < 40 kDa, more preferably having a weight average MW that is between 10 kDa and 200 kDa inclusive, more preferably having a weight average MW that is between 20 kDa and 150 kDa inclusive.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups are linear or substantially linear. Further, the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups are preferentially water-soluble or substantially water-soluble at a temperature of 25°C at atmospheric pressure. The phrase, "substantially water-soluble," indicates that at least 90, 95, or 99% by weight of the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups are solubilized in water at a temperature of 25°C and atmospheric pressure.

[0053] The polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups may be of natural, animal or plant origin, or be derived from synthesis, hemisynthesis or biosynthesis. According to at least one particular embodiment, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are chosen from those having C5-C7 saccharide units and also their organic or mineral acid salts, their α or β anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration, and their solvates such as hydrates.

[0054] More particularly, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups may be a C6 saccharide unit with one or more amine groups. These polysaccharides with one or more amine groups are generally called polyhexosamines. According to at least one particular embodiment, the saccharide units of the polysaccharide with one or more amine groups are of anomeric configuration [3 (beta) and / or of D configuration.

[0055] In some cases, the saccharide units of the polysaccharide with one or more amine groups are joined to each other between the C1 carbon atoms of one saccharide unit and the C4 carbon atoms of the other saccharide unit, denoted (1 —>4), such as the polysaccharide with one or more amine groups of formula (B) below, as well as their organic or mineral acid salts, their α or [3 anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration, and their solvates such as hydrates: (B)

[0056] formula (B) in which:

[0057] - the radicals Ra, Rb, Rc of each saccharide unit can be identical or different;

[0058] - n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, particularly between 3 and 3000 inclusive, and more particularly between 5 and 2500, preferably between 10 and 2300;

[0059] - Ra, Rb, and Rc, which are the same or different, represent i) a hydroxyl group, ii) an alkoxy group (CrC4), the alkyl group of which may optionally be substituted, in particular by one or more hydroxyl groups, iii) a carboxyl group, and iv) an NRiR2 group, with Ri and R2 as defined above, in particular Ri and R2 are chosen from a hydrogen atom and -C(O)-R'i in which R'i is as defined above; preferably Ri and R2 represent i) a hydrogen atom or ii) -C(O) -R'i, R'।representing an alkyl group (C1-C4) such as methyl;

[0060] it being understood that at least one of the radicals Ra, Rb or Rc of at least one saccharide unit represents an NRiR2 group and that at least one of the NRiR2 groups of at least one saccharide unit represents an NH2 group; preferentially Ra of at least one saccharide unit represents an NRiR2 group with Ri which represents a hydrogen atom and R2 is chosen from i) a hydrogen atom or ii) a -C(O)-R'i group, and Rb and Rc represent a hydroxyl group, it being understood that at least one of the NRiR2 groups of at least one saccharide unit represents an NH2 group

[0061] More particularly, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are of formula (Bx) below, as well as their organic or mineral acid salts, their α or β anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration, and their solvates such as hydrates: (Bl)

[0062] formula (Bi) in which:

[0063] - R' represents a hydrogen atom or an alkylcarbonyl group (C1-C4) such that acetyl CH3-C(O)- ;

[0064] - R" represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (C1-C4) optionally substituted by a carboxyl group such as -CH(CO2 H)-CH3;

[0065] - n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, particularly between 3 and 3000 included, more particularly between 5 and 2500, preferably between 10 and 2300; it being understood that in the polysaccharide (Bx) at least one saccharide unit carries an NH2 amino group and at least one other saccharide unit carries at least one N(H)-R' group, R' representing a (Ci-C4)alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl CH3-C(O)-.

[0066] Preferably, the saccharide units of formula (B) or (Bx) are of D configuration, also called D-glucopyrane. The units of formula (B) or (Bx) are particularly of anomeric configuration [3 (beta). According to a particular embodiment, the polysaccharides of the invention are chosen from the compounds of formula (B2) below as well as their organic or mineral acid salts, and their solvates such as hydrates: (B2)

[0067] formula (B2) in which:

[0068] - Ra, Rb, and Rc, are as defined for (B) above; and

[0069] - the radicals Ra, Rb, Rc of each saccharide unit can be identical or different;

[0070] - n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, particularly between 3 and 3000 included, more particularly between 5 and 2500, preferably between 10 and 2300; it being understood that in the polysaccharide (B2), at least one of the radicals Ra, Rb, or Rc of at least one saccharide unit represents an NRiR2 group and that at least one of the NRiR2 groups of at least one saccharide unit represents an NH2 group; preferably, at least one saccharide unit carries an amino NH2 Ra group and at least one other saccharide unit carries a group Ra which represents -N(H)-R', R' representing a (Ci-C4)alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl CH3-C(O)-.

[0071] Preferably, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are chosen from chitin and chitosan and their derivatives, preferably chitosan. Chitosan can be of plant origin (known commercially under the trade name KIONUTRIME CSG, supplied by the company Kitozyme), or derived, for example, by treating the chitin shells of shrimp and other crustaceans with an alkaline substance, such as sodium hydroxide.

[0072] More particularly, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are chosen from those of formula (B3) below, as well as their organic or mineral acid salts, and their solvates such as hydrates: (B3)

[0073] formula (B3) in which:

[0074] - Rt and R2 are as defined in formula (B), (Bi) or (B2); and

[0075] - n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, particularly between 3 and 3000 included, more particularly between 5 and 2500, preferably between 10 and 2300; it being understood that in the polysaccharide of formula (B3) at least one saccharide unit carries an NH2 amino group and at least one other saccharide unit carries an N(H)-R' group, R' representing a (Ci-C4)alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl CH3-C(O)-.

[0076] More particularly, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are chosen from the chitosans of formula (B4) below, as well as their organic or mineral acid salts, and their solvates such as hydrates: (B4)

[0077] formula (B4) in which:

[0078] - R'i representing an alkyl group (Ci-C4) such as methyl; and

[0079] - n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, particularly between 3 and 3000 included, more particularly between 5 and 2500, preferably between 10 and 2300;

[0080] - P is greater than 0 and goes up to 0.5, preferably from 0.05 to 0.3, and better still from 0.1 to 0.20 such as 0.15, m+p being equal to 1; it being understood that in the chitosan at least one saccharide unit carries an NH2 amino group and at least one other saccharide unit carries an N(H)-R'i group, R' representing a (CrC4)alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl CH3-C(O)-.

[0081] For example, when m = 0.7, p = 0.3, this means that 70% of the amine groups are free (unsubstituted) and 30% of the amino groups are N-alkyl(Ci-C4)carbonyl groups, in particular N-acetyl groups, corresponding to chitosan of formula:

[0082] with n as defined above.

[0083] In certain cases, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups are chosen from chitosans, salified using organic acid, preferably using monocarboxylic acid of formula (I) as defined above or polycarboxylic acid of formula (II) as defined above, more preferably salified using carboxylic acid of formula (I) such as lactic acid.

[0084] In certain cases, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups designates a mixture of polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups, one of which is a chitosan or their organic or mineral acid salts, preferably their salts of an organic acid such as lactic acid, their α or [>^ anomers, their optical isomers of L or D configuration, and their solvates such as hydrates. Alternatively, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups may relate to a single polysaccharide with one or more amine groups, in particular a mixture of chitosan or its organic or mineral salts or more particularly its organic acid salts such as its lactic acid salt, its α or [S^ anomers, its optical isomers of L or D configuration, and its solvates such as hydrates.

[0085] According to at least one embodiment, the polysaccharide(s) with one or more amine groups designates a single polysaccharide with one or more amine groups, in par in particular a chitosan or its organic or mineral acid salts or more particularly its organic acid salts such as the lactic acid salt thereof, its α or β anomers, its optical isomers of L or D configuration, and its solvates such as hydrates.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups comprising or consisting of chitosan are a P 1,4-linked glucosamine polymer. Chitosan is the commonly used name for poly-[l-4]-PD-glucosamine. Chitosan is chemically derived from chitin, which is poly-[l-4]-PN-acetyl-D-glucosamine, which in turn is derived from the cell walls of fungi, insect shells, and, especially, crustaceans. Chitin is treated with strong alkali to remove the acetyl groups producing chitosan. Depending on the specific treatment of the chitin, chitosan may vary in the degree of deacetylation. Further treatment with mineral acids or enzymes is used to break down natural chitosan polymers (up to about 1.2 megaDaltons in size) into shorter 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucopyranosyl polymers linked to P 1,4.Chitosans obtained in this manner generally contain polymers that include a range of sizes, including polymers larger than 10,000 Daltons and are insoluble in aqueous media, but can be dissolved by conversion of the glucosamine residue to its acid salt.

[0087] As already mentioned, chitosan can be obtained by N-deacetylation of chitin. These two polysaccharides are copolymers of p-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucosamine units, (1 —>4). The degree of acetylation represents the proportion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units relative to the total number of units. It allows chitin to be distinguished from chitosan. In the case of chitosan, the degree of acetylation can be less than 50%. This value also influences the solubility limit of the polymer in dilute acid solutions (2 <ph<6). au sens de la présente invention, « chitosan » désigne tout copolymère formé motifs constitutifs n-acétyl-d-glucosamine et d-glucosamine, dont le degré d’acétylation est inférieur à 90 %, préférentiellement 80 70 60 50 %. dans d’autres modes réalisation, suffisant pour assurer une solubilité d’au moins 95 99 % du dans composition raffermissante perfectrice peau 25 ° c.

[0088] In various embodiments, the chitosan has an average molecular weight (MW) of greater than or equal to 10 kDa or greater than or equal to 15 kDa. In other embodiments, the chitosan has an average molecular weight of about 10 kDa to about 1 MDa, from about 10 kDa to about 500 kDa, from about 10 kDa to about 250 kDa, from about 10 kDa to about 100 kDa, from about 15 kDa to about 1 MDa, from about 15 kDa to about 500 kDa, from about 15 kDa to about 250 kDa, from about 15 kDa to about 100 kDa.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the chitosan is linear or substantially linear. Further, the chitosan is preferably water-soluble or substantially water-soluble at a temperature of 25°C at atmospheric pressure. The phrase "substantially water-soluble" indicates that at least 90, 95, or 99% by weight of the chitosan is solubilized in water at a temperature of 25°C at atmospheric pressure.

[0090] The total amount of the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include about 1 to about 12% by weight, based on a total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition includes from about 1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 1 to about 8 wt. %, from about 1 to about 6 wt. %, from about 2 to about 12 wt. %, from about 2 to about 10 wt. %, from about 2 to about 8 wt. %, from about 2 to about 6 wt. %, from about 3 to about 12 wt. %, from about 3 to about 10 wt. %, from about 3 to about 8 wt. %, or from about 3 to about 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. (b) Silica particles

[0091] The skin perfecting and firming composition includes silica particles. In preferred embodiments, the silica particles are hydrophilic, e.g., they have not been hydrophobically modified. Non-limiting examples of silicas include fumed silica, precipitated silica, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the silica particles are nanoparticles or microparticles. In various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include hydrophilic silica particles, wherein the hydrophilic silica particles have not been surface-treated to modify the surface properties of the silica particles. In various embodiments, the silica particles have an average diameter of about 1 μm to about 50 μm.In other embodiments, the silica particles have an average diameter of about 1 pm to about 30 pm, about 1 pm to about 20 pm, about 1 pm to about 5 pm, about 2 pm to about 50 pm, about 2 pm to about 40 pm, about 2 pm to about 30 pm, or about 2 pm to about 20 pm. Notwithstanding the diameters referenced above, silica particles that can be dispersed in water without aggregation are useful regardless of particle size. Both nanoparticles and microparticles can be used.

[0092] The total amount of silica particles will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include about 0.5 to about 8% by weight of silica particles, based on a total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition includes about 0.5 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 6 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 6 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 4 wt. %, or about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of the one or more surfactants. (c) Acids

[0093] The one or more acids may be organic acids, inorganic acids, or a combination thereof. The one or more acids may include mineral and / or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acids, and carboxylic acids. Examples of carboxylic acids include, for example, acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and lactic acid. In various embodiments, the acids have one (mono), two (di), or three (tri) carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups. The mono-, di-, and tri-carboxylic acids and / or their salts typically have a molecular weight of less than about 500 g / mol, less than about 400 g / mol, or less than about 300 g / mol.

[0094] Non-limiting examples of monocarboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, entanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, un-decyl acid, lauric acid, tridecyl acid, lauric acid, tridecyl acid, myristic acid, pentadecyl acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecyl acid, arachidic acid, lactic acid, their salt and their mixture.

[0095] Non-limiting examples of dicarboxylic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, citraconic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedioic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, their salt, and their mixture.

[0096] Non-limiting examples of tricarboxylic acids include citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitric acid, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, their salt, and their mixture.

[0097] The total amount of the one or more acids in the skin perfecting and firming compositions will vary. However, in various embodiments, the A skin perfecting and firming composition includes about 0.1 to about 8% by weight of the one or more acids, their salts, or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition includes about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 6 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, or about 1 to about 2 wt. % of the one or more acids, based on a total weight of the composition.

[0098] In various preferred embodiments, the skin firming and perfecting composition includes one or more alpha hydroxy acids. An alpha hydroxy acid is an organic acid containing a hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxylic acid group. The skin perfecting and firming compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more alpha hydroxy acids, their salts, or a combination thereof.Non-limiting examples of alpha-hydroxy acids (α-hydroxy acids or AHAs) include lactic acid, citric acid, methyl lactic acid, glucuronic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2-hydroxypentanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 2-hydroxyheptanoic acid, 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 2-hydroxynonanoic acid, 2-hydroxydecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyundecanoic acid, 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid, 2-hydroxyeicosanoic acid, mandelic acid, phenyllactic acid, gluconic acid, galacturonic acid, aleuritic acid, ribonic acid, tartronic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, their salts or their mixtures.In a preferred embodiment, the one or more alpha hydroxy acids are selected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, their salt, or their combination. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the one or more alpha hydroxy acids, their salts, or their combination is glycolic acid, its salt, or its combination.

[0099] The total amount of the one or more alpha hydroxy acids in the skin perfecting and firming compositions will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition includes about 0.1 to about 8% by weight of the one or more alpha hydroxy acids, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming composition includes about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, about 0.5 to about 6% by weight, about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, about 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, about 1 to about 4% by weight, about 1 to about 3% by weight, or about 1 to about 2% by weight of the one or more alpha hydroxy acids, based on a total weight of the composition. (d) Fatty compounds

[0100] The expression "fatty compound" designates an organic compound which is insoluble in water at ordinary temperature (25°C) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), that is to say which has a solubility of less than 5%, preferably less than 1% and even more preferably less than 0.1%. They have in their structure a hydrocarbon-based chain containing at least 6 carbon atoms.

[0101] In various embodiments, the one or more fatty compounds are preferably of non-petrochemical origin. In other embodiments, the one or more fatty compounds are derived from plants or animals, preferably from plants.

[0102] The total amount of the one or more fatty compounds in the leave-on compositions, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include about 1 to about 40% by weight of the one or more fatty compounds, based on the total weight of the compositions.In other embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include about 1 to about 30 wt. %, about 1 to about 20 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 40 wt. %, about 2 to about 30 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 3 to about 40 wt. %, about 3 to about 30 wt. %, about 3 to about 20 wt. %, about 3 to about 15 wt. %, about 3 to about 10 wt. %, or about 3 to about 8 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition. (e) Water-soluble organic solvents

[0103] The term "water-soluble organic solvent" is interchangeable with the terms "water-soluble solvent" and "water-miscible solvent" and means a compound that is liquid at 25°C and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and has a solubility of at least 50% in water under these conditions. In some cases, the water-soluble solvent has a solubility of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (e.g., C1-8, C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols and their mixture.

[0104] Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (e.g., C 1 -C 8 , or C 1 -C 8 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of monoalcohols and polyols include ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or its ethers such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, di-propylene glycol, as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example, monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol.Other suitable examples of organic solvents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and glycerin.

[0105] Other non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include alkanediols (polyhydric alcohols) such as glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, (caprylyl glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol and isopropanol;glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-l-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether and dipropylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether;2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbit, sorbitan, acetin, diacetin, triacetin, sulfolane and their mixture. ;

[0106] Polyhydric alcohols are useful. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and mixtures thereof. Polyol compounds may also be used. Non-limiting examples include aliphatic diols, such as 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 5-hexene-1,2-diol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and mixtures thereof.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, or a mixture thereof.

[0108] The total amount of the one or more water-soluble solvents in the composition, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of the one or more water-soluble solvents, based on the total weight of the compositions. In other embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 25 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, or about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions. (0 Thickening Agents

[0109] The total amount of the one or more thickening agents, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin firming and perfecting composition includes about 0.1 to about 8% by weight of the one or more thickening agents, based on the total weight of the composition.In other embodiments, the leave-on compositions include about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 2 wt. % by weight, about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, about 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to . about 5% by weight, about 1 to about 4% by weight, about 1 to about 3% by weight, or about 1 to about 2% by weight of the one or more thickening agents, based on the total weight of the composition. (g) Non-ionic surfactant or emulsifier

[0110] The terms "nonionic surfactant" and "nonionic emulsifier" are used interchangeably in the present disclosure and may therefore be referred to as "nonionic emulsifying surfactants." The nonionic surfactant or emulsifier may have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) ranging from 1 to 7.9 or greater than or equal to 8. "HLB" refers to the "hydrophilic-lipophilic balance" associated with nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In particular, the "HLB" value relates to the ratio of hydrophilic groups to lipophilic groups in the emulsifiers, as well as the solubility of the emulsifiers. Emulsifiers with lower HLB (such as those with HLB values ranging from 1 to 7.9) are more soluble in oils (lipophilic material) and are more suitable for use in water-in-oil (W / O) emulsions.Higher HLB emulsifiers (such as those with HLB values above 8) are more soluble in water (hydrophilic material) and are more suitable for oil-in-water (O / W) emulsions.

[0111] Non-limiting examples of non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers include poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl and polyalkyl esters, poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl and polyalkyl ethers, optionally polyoxyethylene alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan, optionally alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan, alkyl and polyalkyl glycosides or polyglycosides, in particular alkyl and polyalkyl glucosides or polyglucosides, alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sucrose, optionally polyoxyethylene alkyl and polyalkyl esters of glycerol, and optionally polyoxyethylene alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of glycerol, and mixtures thereof.Preferably, the nonionic surfactant(s) may be chosen from poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl and polyalkyl esters, poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl and polyalkyl ethers, optionally polyoxyethylenated sorbitan alkyl and polyalkyl esters, optionally polyoxyethylenated sorbitan alkyl and polyalkyl ethers, optionally polyoxyethylenated glycerol alkyl and polyalkyl esters, and optionally polyoxyethylenated glycerol alkyl and polyalkyl ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0112] (1) Alkyl and polyalkyl esters of poly(ethylene oxide) which are preferred Particularly used are those containing at least one C8-C30 alkyl radical, with a number of ethylene oxide (EO) units ranging from 2 to 200. Examples include (INCI name), PEG-20 stearate, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-20 laurate, PEG-8 laurate, PEG-40 laurate, PEG-150 distearate, PEG-7 cocoate, PEG-9 cococate, PEG-8 oleate, PEG-10 oleate and PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil.

[0113] (2) Alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of poly(ethylene oxide) which are preferred Particularly used are those containing at least one C8-C30 alkyl radical, with a number of ethylene oxide (EO) units ranging from 3 to 200. Examples include laureth-3, laureth-4, laureth-7, laureth-23, ceteth-5, ceteth-7, ceteth-15, ceteth-23, oleth-5, oleth-7, oleth-10, oleth-12, oleth-20, oleth-50, phytosterol 30 EO, steareth-6, steareth-20, steareth-21, steareth-40, steareth-100, beheneth 100, ceteareth-7, ceteareth-10, ceteareth-15, ceteareth-25, pareth-3, pareth-23, C12-15 pareth-3, C12-13 pareth-4, C12-13 pareth-23, trideceth-3, trideceth-4, trideceth-5, trideceth-6, trideceth-7 and trideceth-10, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] (3) The polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan which are preferred Potentially used are those having a number of ethylene oxide (EO) units ranging from 0 to 100. Examples include sorbitan laurate, sorbitan laurate 4 EO, sorbitan laurate 20 EO (polysorbate 20), sorbitan palmitate 20 EO (polysorbate 40), sorbitan stearate 20 EO (polysorbate 60), sorbitan oleate 20 EO (polysorbate 80) and sorbitan trioleate 20 EO (polysorbate 85).

[0115] (4) The polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan which are preferred Most commonly used are those having a number of ethylene oxide (EO) units ranging from 0 to 100.

[0116] The compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more alkanolamides. Non-limiting examples of alkanolamides include fatty acid alkanolamides. The fatty acid alkanolamides may be fatty acid monoalkanolamides or fatty acid dialkanolamides or fatty acid isoalkanolamides, and may have a C2 x hydroxyalkyl group (the C2 x chain may be substituted with one or more -OH groups). Non-limiting examples include fatty acid diethanolamides (DEA) or fatty acid monoethanolamides (MEA), fatty acid monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), fatty acid diisopropanolamides (DIPA), and fatty acid glucamides (acyl glucamides).

[0117] Suitable fatty acid alkanolamides include those formed by the reaction of an alkanolamine and a C6-C36 fatty acid. Examples include, but are not limited to: oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soybean fatty acid diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (Isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (Cocamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric acid diethanolamide, walnut fatty acid monoethanolamide coconut polyoxyethylene, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide, (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA) and mixtures thereof.

[0118] In some cases, the fatty acid alkanolamides include cocamide MIPA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide DIPA, and mixtures thereof. In particular, the fatty acid alkanolamide may be cocamide MIPA, which is commercially available under the trade name EMPILAN from Innospec Active Chemicals.

[0119] Fatty acid alkanolamides include those having the following structure: O GO.

[0120] where R4 is an alkyl chain of 4 to 20 carbon atoms (R4 may be, for example, chosen from lauric acid, coconut acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, behenic acid, babassu fatty acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, corn fatty acid, soybean fatty acid, shea butter fatty acids, caprylic acid, capric acid and mixtures thereof);

[0121] R6 is chosen from -CH2OH, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2CH2OH, -CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH, -benzyl and mixtures thereof;

[0122] R6 is selected from -H, -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2CH2OH, --CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH, -benzyl and mixtures thereof.

[0123] In some instances, the one or more of the fatty acid alkanolamides include one or more acyl glucamides, for example, acyl glucamides having a carbon chain length of 8 to 20. Non-limiting examples include lauroyl / myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl / capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl / caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methyl glucamide, oleoyl methyl glucamide oleate, stearoyl methyl glucamide stearate, torseoloyl methyl glucamide and tocopheryl succinate methyl glucamide.

[0124] The compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more alkyl polyglucosides. Non-limiting examples of alkyl polyglucosides include alkyl polyglucosides having the following formula: R1-O-(R2O)nZ(x)

[0125] Where R1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms;

[0126] R2 is an ethylene or propylene group;

[0127] Z is a saccharide group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms;

[0128] n is an integer from 0 to 10; and

[0129] x is an integer from 1 to 5.

[0130] Useful alkyl polyglucosides include lauryl glucoside, octyl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate. Typically, the at least one alkyl polyglucoside compound is selected from the group consisting of lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside and coco glucoside. In some cases, decyl glucoside is particularly preferred.

[0131] The compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more various nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. Non-limiting examples include alcohols, alpha-diols, alkylphenols and fatty acid esters, these compounds being ethoxylated, propoxylated or glycerolated and having at least one fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups being from 2 to 50, and the number of glycerol groups from 1 to 30. Maltose derivatives may also be mentioned.Mention may also be made, in a non-limiting manner, of copolymers of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; condensates of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 1.5 to 5 glycerol groups, such as from 1.5 to 4; ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan comprising from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; ethoxylated oils of plant origin; fatty acid esters of sucrose; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol; mono or diesters of polyethoxylated fatty acids of (C6-C24)alkylpolyglycosides of glycerol; N-(C6-C24)alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (Cio-Ci4)alkylamine oxides or N-(Ci0-Ci4)acylaminopropylmorpholine oxides and mixtures thereof.

[0132] Such non-ionic surfactants may preferably be chosen from polyoxyalkylenated or polyglycerolated non-ionic surfactants. The oxyalkylene units are more particularly oxyethylene or oxypropylene units, or their combination, and are preferably oxyethylene units.

[0133] The non-ionic surfactants may be chosen from polyol esters with saturated or unsaturated chain fatty acids containing, for example, from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and their alkoxylated derivatives, preferably with an alkylene oxide number of 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100, such as glyceryl esters of a C8-C24 fatty acid or acids, preferably C12-C22, and their alkoxylated derivatives, preferably preferably with an alkylene oxide number of 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; polyethylene glycol esters of a C8-C24 fatty acid or acids, preferably C12-C22, and their alkoxylated derivatives, preferably with an alkylene oxide number of 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sorbitol esters of a C8-C24 fatty acid or acids, preferably C12-C22, and their alkoxylated derivatives, preferably with an alkylene oxide number of 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sugar esters (sucrose, glucose, alkylglycose) of a C8-C24 fatty acid or acids, preferably C12-C22, and their alkoxylated derivatives, preferably with an alkylene oxide number of 10 to 200, and more preferably 10 to 100; fatty alcohol ethers; sugar ethers of a C8-C24 fatty alcohol or alcohols, preferably C12-C22; and mixtures thereof.

[0134] Examples of ethoxylated fatty esters that may be cited include adducts of ethylene oxide with esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and mixtures thereof, especially those containing from 9 to 100 oxyethylene groups, such as PEG-9 to PEG-50 laurate (under the CTFA names: PEG-9 laurate to PEG-50 laurate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitate (under the CTFA names: PEG-9 palmitate to PEG-50 palmitate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 stearate (under the CTFA names: PEG-9 stearate to PEG-50 stearate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitostearate; PEG-9 to PEG-50 behenate (CTFA names: PEG-9 behenate to PEG-50 behenate); polyethylene glycol monostearate 100 EO (CTFA name: PEG-100 stearate) and mixtures thereof.

[0135] As glyceryl esters of fatty acids, mention may be made in particular of glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and / or tristearate) (CTFA name: glyceryl stearate) or glyceryl ricinoleate and mixtures thereof.

[0136] As glyceryl esters of C8-C24 alkoxylated fatty acids, mention may be made, for example, of polyethoxylated glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and / or tristearate) such as PEG-20 glyceryl stearate.

[0137] Mixtures of these surfactants may also be used, such as, for example, the product containing glyceryl stearate and PEG-100 stearate, marketed under the name ARLACEL 165 by Uniqema, and the product containing glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono- and distearate) and potassium stearate marketed under the name TEG1N by Goldschmidt (CTFA name: glyceryl stearate SE).

[0138] The total amount of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers in the compositions, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In other embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 8% by weight, about 0.01 to about 5% by weight, and about 0.01 to about 10% by weight. weight, about 0.01 to about 3 wt%, about 0.01 to about 1 wt%, about 0.05 to about 10 wt%, about 0.05 to about 8 wt%, about 0.05 to about 5 wt%, about 0.05 to about 3 wt%, or about 0.05 to about 1 wt%, about 0.1 to about 10 wt%, about 0.1 to about 8 wt%, about 0.1 to about 5 wt%, or about 0.1 to about 3 wt%, based on a total weight of the composition. (h) Water

[0139] The amount of water in the skin perfecting and firming compositions will vary. However, in various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions include about 50 to about 90% by weight of water, based on a total weight of the compositions. In other embodiments, the compositions include about 60 to about 90% by weight, about 65 to about 90% by weight, about 70 to about 90% by weight, about 75 to about 90% by weight, about 80 to about 90% by weight, about 50 to about 85% by weight, about 60 to about 85% by weight, about 65 to about 85% by weight, about 70 to about 85% by weight, about 75 to about 85% by weight, based on a total weight of the composition. (i) Miscellaneous ingredients

[0140] The skin perfecting and firming compositions optionally include or exclude (or are substantially free of) one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the compositions and do not disrupt or materially affect the fundamental and novel properties of the compositions. Non-limiting examples of ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.), composition colorants, etc.In various embodiments, the various ingredients are selected from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, composition colorants, and mixtures thereof.

[0141] The total amount of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the skin perfecting and firming compositions, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15% by weight of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients, based on the total weight of the compositions. In other embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 12% by weight, about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.5 to about 15% by weight, about 0.5 to about 12% by weight, about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, about 1 to about 15% by weight, about 1 to about 12% by weight, about 1 to about 10% by weight, about 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, about 2 to about 15% by weight, about 2 to about 12% by weight, about 2 to about 10% by weight, about 2 to about 8% by weight, or about 2 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the compositions.

[0142] As already noted, antioxidants, skin active agents, depigmenting agents, anti-wrinkle agents, or mixtures thereof, may be included as one or more of the various ingredients. The antioxidants, skin active agents, depigmenting agents, anti-wrinkle agents, or mixtures thereof in the skin perfecting and firming composition, if any, may be in an amount greater than zero to about 9% by weight, greater than zero to about 8% by weight, greater than zero to about 7% by weight, greater than zero at about 6% by weight, greater than zero at about 5% by weight, greater than zero at about 4% by weight, greater than zero at about 3% by weight, greater than zero to about 2% by weight; about 10 ppm to about 10% by weight (100,000 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 5% by weight (50,000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 2.5% by weight (25,000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 1% by weight (10,000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 0.5% by weight (5000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 0.3% by weight (3000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 0.2% by weight (2000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 0.1% by weight (1000 ppm), about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm; about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1%, about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight; about 1 to about 10% by weight, about 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, about 1 to about 4% by weight, about 1 to about 3% by weight; about 2 to about 10% by weight, about 2 to about 8% by weight, about 2 to about 6% by weight, about 2 to about 5% by weight, about 2 to about 4% by weight; about 3 to about 10% by weight, about 3 to about 8% by weight, about 3 to about 6% by weight, about 3 to about 5% by weight; about 4 to about 10% by weight, about 4 to about 8% by weight, or about 4 to about 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin perfecting and firming composition. PH

[0143] The pH of the skin perfecting and firming composition may vary but is typically less than 7, i.e., it is acidic. In various embodiments, the pH of the skin perfecting and firming compositions is from about 3 to about 7, from about 3.5 to about 7, from about 4 to about 7, from about 3 to about 6.5, from about 3.5 to about 6.5, from about 4 to about 6.5, from about 3 to about 6, from about 3.5 to about 6, from about 4 to about 6, from about 3 to about 5.5 or from about 3.5 to about 5.5. Processes

[0144] The present disclosure also relates to methods of treating the skin. The methods include applying the skin perfecting and firming compositions to the skin. The skin perfecting and firming compositions are typically applied directly to the skin using the hands or a tissue. The skin may optionally be washed or rinsed prior to application. The method of treating the skin may be performed once daily or may be performed multiple times per day. For example, the method of treating the skin may be performed once daily, twice daily, once weekly, twice weekly, and may be performed for an extended period of time, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months. The methods dissolve dead skin cells, improve the appearance of fine lines and discoloration, remove excess oil from the skin, improve skin texture and tone, and / or moisturize the skin. Natural or of natural origin

[0145] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming compositions comprise, consist of, or consist substantially of naturally derived ingredients. For purposes of this disclosure, the term "naturally derived ingredient" is an ingredient that is not derived from petrochemical or fossil fuel sources. Naturally derived ingredients (bio-ingredients) are formed from "natural" raw materials. These raw materials are referred to herein as "natural" and "renewable" (i.e., "sustainable") and are known as non-petroleum-derived raw materials. Further, these materials are formed by "new" carbon and not by petroleum or other fossil fuel sources ("old" carbon). These products are referred to herein as "natural" products and are known in the art as non-petrochemical or "bio" products.Natural and naturally derived ingredients or compounds are sustainable because they come from renewable sources, not those that deplete a limited natural resource, such as a fossil fuel or other non-renewable resources such as petroleum. Thus, a natural or naturally derived compound is not derived from petrochemicals, and / or is made from sources that are not derived from petrochemicals and would be sustainable and renewable.

[0146] Naturally occurring ingredients (bio-compounds or bio-ingredients) are formed using biomass (e.g., materials stored from carbon cycle processes in living plants and roots, etc.), or released through animal respiration or decomposition). When carbon decomposes and disintegrates over millions of years under pressure, it creates fossil fuels (carbon source (derived from petrochemicals). The bio-compounds or bio-ingredients used here are meant to include materials derived from carbon from biomass / plant sources, which are recently existing and also sustainable, and are not derived from fossil fuels.

[0147] Bio-based or "natural" products derived from these raw materials may be tested to determine that they originate from a real, natural, and sustainable (as those terms are defined herein) raw material source. Some products are known or advertised as being from natural sources when, in fact, they may not be prepared from truly natural and / or sustainable raw materials. A natural bio-based product is generally defined as a compound naturally produced by a living organism. Distinguishing a petroleum-based product from a truly natural and / or sustainable product requires testing for authenticity using established and credible testing methods. The most recent method uses detailed stable isotope analysis using mass spectroscopy and assessing carbon-12 / carbon-13 and / or hydrogen-1 / hydrogen-2 ratios.These tests are available from several analytical service testing organizations and are much faster, more cost effective, and provide more detailed information than radiocarbon testing methods.

[0148] Stable isotope analysis is based on the principle of the kinetic isotope effect. This latter effect is well known to professionals in chemical kinetics. In broader terms, heavy isotopes of a particular element react more slowly than their lighter counterpart (e.g., carbon-12 versus carbon-13). Thus, as plants incorporate carbon dioxide into their biomass, the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-13 varies depending on the type of chemistry used in the plant to produce biomass (e.g., whether the plant undergoes a C3 or C4 photosynthesis pathway). This is commonly reported as a ratio ônc / i2C (i.e., ô13C), and refers to a current carbon dioxide standard. Furthermore, similar kinetic isotope effects are observed when water is incorporated into new biomass, and this is measured as the ô2 H / 1H ratio (i.e., ô2H).Using a combination of ô13C and ô2H ratios, a person skilled in the art is able to easily distinguish and validate the nature of the raw material that was used to prepare the analyzed product (i.e., whether it is derived from petrochemicals or derived from living or recent biosources (algae, plants or others).

[0149] Since petroleum-based (i.e., petrochemical-derived) raw materials are derived from plants and animals buried millions of years ago, the radiocarbon (i.e., 14C) in the raw materials has been lost through decay. ASTM International Standards provide test standards for determining the authenticity of a “bio-based compound” using radiocarbon, which can be found in ASTM D6866-16. This standard distinguishes more recent carbon from carbon derived from fossil fuels, or petroleum and petrochemical-derived sources, i.e., “old carbon.” The amount of 14C in recent or current biomass is known, so a percentage of carbon from a renewable source can be estimated from a total organic carbon analysis, which provides the data necessary to determine whether a compound is truly derived from a “natural” and / or “sustainable” (“renewable”) feedstock source or is derived conversely from an “old” sequestration compound (i.e., a petrochemical- or petroleum-derived source). The use of petroleum-based or often labeled fossil-based raw materials is generally accepted as unsustainable, i.e., ancient carbon is an unsustainable and non-renewable raw material, and is otherwise not considered “natural” and “sustainable” in the art. As defined herein, it would not be considered a “natural” product or useful in a “natural” formulation. Therefore, the use of these raw materials does not provide a path toward the development of “natural” and “renewable” alternative preservatives.

[0150] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming compositions are "natural" compositions. For purposes of the present disclosure, a composition is a "natural" composition provided that at least 90% by weight of the composition consists of "naturally derived ingredients," based on a total weight of the composition, i.e., at least 90% by weight of the composition consists of ingredients that are not petrochemically derived. In other embodiments, the natural composition consists of at least 95% by weight, 96% by weight, 97% by weight, 98% by weight, 99% by weight, or 100% by weight of naturally derived ingredients, based on a total weight of the composition. Exclusions

[0151] Any components positively presented in the present disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, for example, a claimed composition may be "free", "essentially free" (or "substantially free") of one or more components that are positively presented in the present disclosure.

[0152] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, or both anionic and cationic surfactants.

[0153] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of polymers, copolymers and crosslinked polymers formed with acrylate or methacrylate monomers, e.g., free or essentially free of polymers and crosslinked polymers of polyacrylic acid and polyacrylate.

[0154] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of polyorganosiloxanes (silicones), e.g., dimethicone. In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of amino silicones (or amino-functionalized silicones), e.g., amodimethicone.

[0155] In other embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of monosaccharides and disaccharides. For example, the composition is free or essentially free of ribose, arabinose, glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose and / or methyl glucoside.

[0156] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming compositions are free or essentially free of synthetic ingredients. As used herein, the term "synthetic ingredient" refers to a compound that does not occur naturally or as a derivative of a natural compound. This compound does not have to be naturally occurring or derived from a natural compound provided that the compound occurs in nature or can be derived from a naturally occurring compound. In various embodiments, the skin perfecting and firming compositions comprise less than 25% by weight of synthetic ingredients.In other embodiments, the skin-perfecting and firming composition comprises less than 20 wt.%, less than 15 wt.%, less than 10 wt.%, less than 5 wt.%, less than 4 wt.%, less than 3 wt.%, less than 2 wt.%, or less than 1 wt.% of synthetic ingredients.

[0157] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of synthetic polymers, e.g., synthetic cationic polymers, synthetic thickening polymers, synthetic film-forming polymers, or a combination thereof.

[0158] In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of fatty alcohols. In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of fatty acids. In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of fibers or filaments. In various embodiments, the skin smoothing and firming composition is free or essentially free of proteins, peptides, amino acids (e.g., arginine, histidine, methionine, lysine, proline, leucine, and glycine, etc.), or a combination thereof. Embodiments

[0159] In various embodiments, the smoothing and firming compositions for the skin include or consist of:

[0160] (a) about 1 to about 12% by weight, preferably about 2 to about 10% by weight, more preferably about 3 to about 8% by weight of one or more polysaccharides with amine groups, preferably chitosan;

[0161] (b) about 0.1 to 8% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 6% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of silica particles;

[0162] wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 6:1 to about 1:1, preferably about 5:1 to about 1.5:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 2:1.

[0163] (c) about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 4% by weight of one or more mineral acids, organic acids, their salts, or their combination, preferably one or more alpha hydroxy acids, their salts, or their combination, preferably in which the one or more alpha hydroxy acids are chosen from glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, their salt, or their combination, more preferably in which the one or more alpha hydroxy acids comprise or consist of glycolic acid, its salt, or its combination;

[0164] (d) optionally, about 1 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 1 at about 20% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 10% by weight of one or more fatty compounds;

[0165] (e) optionally, about 0.01 to about 25% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, more preferably about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents, preferably wherein the one or more water-soluble solvents are selected from glycerin, C1-C6 monoalcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof, even more preferably wherein the one or more water-soluble solvents comprise or consist of glycerin;

[0166] (f) optionally, from about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, more preferably from about 1 to about 4% by weight of one or more thickening agents;

[0167] (g) optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, more preferably of one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers, wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers are chosen from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ethoxylated mono- or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, oxide ethylene, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides and mixtures thereof, preferably in which the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers include one or more polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan (e.g., polysorbates); and

[0168] (h) about 60 to about 90% by weight, preferably about 70 to about 90% by weight, more preferably about 80 to about 90% by weight of water;

[0169] (i) optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 8, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, preferably wherein the one or more miscellaneous ingredients are selected from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, or other particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, depigmenting agents, skin active agents, anti-wrinkle agents or a mixture thereof;

[0170] wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the composition; and wherein the composition is preferably an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0171] In another embodiment, the skin perfecting and firming composition comprises or consists of:

[0172] (a) about 1 to about 12% by weight, preferably about 2 to about 10% by weight, more preferably about 3 to about 8% by weight of chitosan;

[0173] (b) about 0.1 to 8% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 6% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of silica particles;

[0174] wherein (a) and (b), if applicable, are in a weight ratio of about 6:1 to about 1:1, preferably about 5:1 to about 1.5:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 2:1;

[0175] (c) about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 4% by weight of one or more alpha hydroxy acids, their salts, or their combination, preferably in which the one or more alpha hydroxy acids are chosen from glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, their salt, or their combination, more preferably in which the one or more alpha hydroxy acids comprise or consist of glycolic acid, its salt, or its combination;

[0176] (d) about 1 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 20% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 10% by weight of one or more fatty compounds

[0177] (e) about 0.01 to about 25% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, more preferably about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents, preferably wherein the one or more water-soluble solvents are selected from glycerin, C1-C6 mono-alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof, even more preferably wherein the one or more water-soluble solvents comprise or consist of glycerin;

[0178] (f) about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 4% by weight of hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, their derivatives, or their combination;

[0179] (g) about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, more preferably of one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers, wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers are selected from non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ethoxylated mono- or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides, and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers include one or more polyoxyethylene alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan (e.g., polysorbates); and

[0180] (h) about 60 to about 90% by weight, preferably about 70 to about 90% by weight, more preferably about 80 to about 90% by weight of water;

[0181] (i) optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 8, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, preferably wherein the one or more miscellaneous ingredients are selected from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, or other particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, depigmenting agents, skin active agents, anti-wrinkle agents or a mixture thereof;

[0182] wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the composition; and wherein the composition is preferably an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0183] An implementation of the present disclosure is provided by means of the following examples. These examples serve to illustrate the technology without being limiting in nature.

[0184] [Tables 1] A % by weight (a) Polysaccharide with an amine group CHITOSAN 4.5 (b) Silica SILICA 2 weight ratio (a):(b) 2.3 (c) Alpha-hydroxyacid GLYCOLIC ACID 1.4 (d) Fatty compound 4 (e) Water-soluble solvent GLYCERIN 1 (f) Thickening agent 1.3 (g) Non-ionic surfactant or emulsifier POLYSORBATE 20 0.4 (i) Miscellaneous pH regulator CITRIC ACID - Preservative PHENOXYETHANOL 0.5 (h) Water WATER 85 Example 1

[0185] The foregoing description illustrates and describes the disclosure. Furthermore, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments. However, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that it is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concepts as expressed herein, consistent with the above teachings and / or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described herein are further intended to explain the best modes known to the applicant and to enable others skilled in the art to use the disclosure in such embodiments, or in others, and with various modifications required by particular applications or uses thereof. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. The appended claims are also intended to be construed to include other embodiments.

[0186] As used herein, the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used in their broad and non-limiting sense.

[0187] The terms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are understood to encompass both the plural and the singular. Thus, the expression "a mixture of" also relates to "mixtures of." Throughout the disclosure, the expression "their mixture" is used, after a list of elements as shown in the following example where the letters A through F represent the elements: "one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and their mixture." The expression "their mixture" does not require that the mixture include all of A, B, C, D, E, and F (although all of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included). Rather, it indicates that a mixture of two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included. In other words, it is equivalent to the formulation "one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture of two or more of A, B, C, D, E and F".

[0188] Similarly, the expression "their salt" also relates to "their salts". Thus, when the disclosure refers to "an element selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, their salt, and a mixture thereof", it indicates that one or more of A, B, C, D and F may be included, one or more of a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E and a salt of F may be included, or a mixture of any two of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E and a salt of F may be included.

[0189] Salts referred to throughout the disclosure may include salts having a counterion such as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium counterion. This list of counterions, however, is not limiting. Suitable counterions for the components described herein are known in the art.

[0190] The expression “one or more” means “at least one” and therefore includes individual components as well as mixtures / combinations.

[0191] The term “plurality” means “more than one” or “two or more.”

[0192] The term “chitosan” designates any copolymer formed from N- constituent units acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine, the degree of acetylation of which is less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, preferably less than 50%. In other embodiments, the degree of acetylation is sufficient to ensure solubility of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 99% of the chitosan in the skin firming and perfecting composition at 25°C.

[0193] Except in working examples, or if otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts of ingredients and / or reaction conditions may be modified in all cases by the term "about", meaning to within + / - 5% of the number indicated.

[0194] All percentages, parts and ratios herein are based on the total weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated.

[0195] Some of the various identified component categories may overlap. In such cases where an overlap may exist and the composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two overlapping components), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, some compounds may be considered both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fat compound. If a particular composition includes both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fat compound, a single compound will serve solely as the nonionic surfactant or emulsifier or solely as the fat compound (the single compound does not serve as both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fat component).

[0196] A "rinse-off" product means a composition that is rinsed and / or washed from the skin with water after or during application of the composition to the skin. At least a portion of the composition is removed from the skin during the rinsing and / or washing.

[0197] A “leave-in” product means a composition that is not rinsed and / or washed from the hair after or during application of the composition to the skin. The composition remains on the skin during the day and / or night.

[0198] As used herein, all ranges provided are intended to include each specific range within the given ranges, as well as a combination of sub-ranges between the given ranges. Thus, a range of 1 to 5 specifically includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, as well as sub-ranges such as 2 to 5, 3 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, 1 to 4, etc. All ranges and values disclosed herein are inclusive and combinable. For example, any value or point described herein that falls within a range described herein may serve as a minimum or maximum value to derive a sub-range, etc.

[0199] The composition of the present case optionally includes one or more surfactants and / or emulsifiers, for example, one or more nonionic, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric / zwitterionic surfactants. The terms "surfactants" and "emulsifiers" include the salts of the surfactants and emulsifiers even if not explicitly indicated. In other words, whenever the disclosure refers to a surfactant or emulsifier, it is intended that the salts are also encompassed to the extent that such salts exist, even though the specification may not specifically refer to a salt (or may not refer to a salt in all instances throughout the disclosure), for example, by using language such as “their salt” or “their salts.” Sodium and potassium are common cations that form salts with surfactants and emulsifiers. However, additional cations such as ammonium ions, or alkanolammonium ions such as monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium ions, may also form surfactant salts.

[0200] The term "substantially free" or "essentially free" as used herein means that less than about 2% by weight of a specific material is added to a composition, based on the total weight of the compositions. However, the compositions may include less than about 1% by weight, less than about 0.5% by weight, less than about 0.1% by weight, or none of the specified material.

[0201] Any components positively presented in the present disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, for example, a claimed composition may be “free,” “essentially free” (or “substantially free”) of one or more components that are positively presented in this disclosure.

[0202] All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are incorporated by reference, and for all purposes, as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated as being incorporated by reference. In the event of any inconsistency between this disclosure and any publication or patent application incorporated herein by reference, this disclosure shall prevail.

Claims

Claims

1. A skin-perfecting composition comprising: (a) about 1 to about 12 wt. % of one or more polysaccharides with amine groups; (b) about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of silica particles, wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 6:1 to about 1:1; (c) about 0.1 to about 6 wt. % of one or more acids, their salts, or a combination thereof; (d) optionally, about 1 to about 40 wt. % of one or more fatty compounds, preferably wherein the one or more fatty compounds are in an amount of about 1 to about 10 wt. %; and (e) optionally, about 0.01 to about 25 wt. % of one or more water-soluble solvents; (h) about 50 to about 90 wt. % of water; wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polysaccharides with amine groups comprise chitosan or are chitosan.

3. A skin-perfecting composition according to claim 2, wherein the one or more silica particles are hydrophilic silica particles, preferably wherein the one or more hydrophilic silica particles are selected from fumed silica, precipitated silica, or a combination thereof.

4. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising: (f) about 0.1 to about 6% by weight of one or more thickening agents; and / or (g) about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers; and

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more acids include or consist of alpha hydroxy acids.

6. A composition according to claim 1, comprising one or more water-soluble solvents selected from glycerin, C1-C6 monoalcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols or a mixture thereof.

7. A composition according to claim 4, comprising the one or more thickening agents, preferably in which the one or more thickening agents are in an amount of 0.5 to about 3% by weight.

8. A composition according to claim 1, having a pH of about 3 to about 6.

9. The skin-perfecting composition of claim 1, comprising: (a) about 1 to about 12 wt. % chitosan; (b) about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % hydrophilic fumed or precipitated silica nanoparticles or microparticles; wherein (a) and (b) are in a weight ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:1; (c) about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, hydroxycapric acid, a salt thereof, or a combination thereof; (d) about 1 to about 20% by weight of one or more fatty compounds (e) about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents selected from glycerin, C1-C6 monohydric alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols and a mixture thereof; (f) about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of one or more thickening agents;(g) about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers selected from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ethoxylated mono or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides and mixtures thereof; (h) about 50 to about 90% by weight of water;and (i) optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients selected from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, or other particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, depigmenting agents, skin actives, anti-wrinkle agents or a mixture thereof; wherein all weight percentages are based on a total weight of the composition.

10. A method of improving the appearance of skin comprising applying to the skin the skin-perfecting composition of any one of claims 1 to 9.

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