Single-layer coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metallic support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises one or more layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layers being constituted(s): - of a PEAK-based polymeric phase; - of one or more filler(s); - optionally of one or more additive(s); - optionally of one or more coloring agent(s). Figure for abbreviation: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Single-layer coating FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] The field of the invention is that of household articles which are heated or capable of being heated, in particular cooking articles, comprising an element coated by a coating according to the invention. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] In the field of household articles, in particular that of culinary articles, the coatings applied to substrates most often metallic (aluminum, aluminum casting, stainless steel, cast steel...) are of various natures.

[0003] More specifically regarding the interior surfaces of these household items, PTFE-type fluorinated resin coatings have been known for over 50 years, prized for their excellent non-stick and cleanability properties, thermal stability, and resistance to chemicals and various foods. However, PTFE's inherent weakness is its ductility, which makes the coatings easily marked, scratched, and worn by metal utensils (spatulas, forks, spoons, immersion blenders, etc.).

[0004] Organic polymer undercoats are known in the prior art of cookware, however, only described for improving the scratch resistance of "soft" coatings based on fluorinated polymers such as PTFE. Furthermore, in most cases, the described process requires double curing, heating the heat-stable polymer above its melting point before cooling and applying the fluorinated layers, which remains very expensive.

[0005] In application WO 2000 / 54895, it is mentioned that a sub-coating composed solely of oxy-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene carbonyl 1,4-phenylene, PEEK (with particle sizes between 5 µm and 100 µm, and preferably with a d50 of 20 µm) is deposited on a metallic substrate, with a coverage of between 60% and 95% of the article's surface, and then coated with a single- or multi-layer non-stick coating based on fluorinated resins and fluorinated copolymers. The PEEK sub-coating is deposited either by pad printing or screen printing, or by spraying in dispersion form.

[0006] The thickness of this PEEK layer is between 5 pm and 100 pm.

[0007] The drawback of the process as described is that it requires a double firing of the PEEK-based fluorinated coating. The first firing requires a temperature above the melting point of the polymer composing the underlayer (i.e., between 380 and 400°C for PEEK) in order to allow its adhesion to the metallic substrate. It is necessary then cool the article strongly, which is very costly in time and energy, but essential to be able to apply the successive fluorinated layers which will be sintered during a second high-temperature firing (> 420°C).

[0008] Polymers such as polyaryletherketones (PAEK) and in particular oxy-1,4-phenylenephenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene carbonyl 1,4-phenylene or PEEK, are used in advanced applications for their thermal, mechanical, chemical resistance properties, for example in aeronautics, in health.

[0009] This type of polymer is commercially available in the form of granules and powders obtained from grinding these granules. These powders can then be dispersed in liquid formulations of aqueous or solvent-based coatings, for application by spraying, roller coating, etc.

[0010] Electrostatic spraying of PEEK in powder form is also possible and has been described. This technique has the advantage of considerably limiting overspray since the negatively charged metallic substrate attracts the positively charged polymer powder. However, this approach requires a highly technical and specialized setup. The metallic substrate must either be grounded throughout the manufacturing process to prevent the powder from detaching, or be heated to a temperature above the polymer's melting point. It is therefore an expensive technique. Description of the invention

[0011] The present invention proposes an alternative to coatings based on a majority of PTFE in order to obtain good resistance to mechanical wear of the coatings, in particular by kitchen utensils for culinary articles and thus improve the durability of their mechanical resistance, in particular when hot and / or their cleanability, in order to extend the life of the article.

[0012] To remedy the weaknesses of PTFE-type coatings, the invention proposes a coating comprising one or more PAEKs in all its layers as a high-performance thermoplastic polymer, in combination with one or more other polymers, different from PAEK, in at least one of its layers.

[0013] These other polymers serve to provide complementary performance to the PAEK polymer. These may include: - One or more fluorocarbon resins: these secondary polymers remain interesting for providing a good level of non-stick properties for certain applications such as pans; - Another aromatic thermoplastic polymer, such as PES (Polyethersulfone): its glass transition temperature is much lower than The PEAK melting process improves the coating's film formation, which in turn improves adhesion to the substrate; - One or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s): these polymers remain interesting for providing ductility to the coating and promoting its ability to be stretched and stamped with sand; - Another heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer. Summary of the invention

[0014] A first object of the invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metallic support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises

[0015] either several layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layers being made up of

[0016] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0017] - one or more charge(s);

[0018] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0019] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s),

[0020] i.e., a monolayer consisting of:

[0021] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0022] - one or more charge(s);

[0023] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0024] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

[0025] Another object of the invention relates to a coated heating element (1) for a household article, comprising a metallic substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating according to the invention, in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b).

[0026] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprising the following successive steps:

[0027] i. Supply of a metallic substrate (2) having a face (2a),

[0028] ii. Optionally, pretreatment of the face (2a) of said metallic substrate (2) intended to be coated,

[0029] iii. Application of the coating layer(s) (3) onto the face (2a),

[0030] iv. Cooking of the element obtained in step iii.

[0031] The invention also relates to a household article comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention characterized in that it is a cooking article and in that the face (3b) of the coating according to the invention is capable of receiving food, as well as an electric cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1). DEFINITIONS

[0032] For the purposes of this invention, the terms "layer" or "coating" refer to a continuous or discontinuous layer. A continuous layer (also called a monolithic layer) is a single unit forming a flat, completely covering the surface on which it is laid. A discontinuous layer (or non-monolithic layer) may comprise several parts and is therefore not a single unit.

[0033] The term "base layer" means all the layers from the first layer applied directly to the substrate (it is preferable that this layer adheres well to the substrate and provides all its mechanical properties to the coating: hardness, scratch resistance) to the last layer applied before the first decorative layer, when present.

[0034] The term "finish layer" means a continuous and transparent surface layer, this layer allowing perfect visibility of the decorative layer while protecting it from mechanical damage and giving the coating its properties non-stick. Preferably, the final finishing layer is intended to come into contact with food.

[0035] The term "decoration" or "decorative layer" means one or more continuous or discontinuous layers comprising a pigment composition. The decoration may be in the form of one or more patterns, or one or more colors. A decoration is clearly visible to the user with the naked eye and at a normal viewing distance for the household item.

[0036] The term "overlapping layers" refers to layers that are partially or completely superimposed. These layers may take the form of partially overlapping patterns, for example concentric disks.

[0037] The term "adjacent layers" refers to non-superimposed layers. These layers may be in the form of identical or different non-superimposed patterns, preferably uniformly distributed.

[0038] A "temperature reference pigment composition" is defined as a composition comprising a pigment which, at a given temperature, indicates to the user that the optimal operating temperature has been reached. This indication is made by comparing the colors of the thermochromic pigment composition and the temperature reference pigment composition. The optimal operating temperature is reached either when the colors are identical or when the colors are visually very different.

[0039] The "temperature reference pigment composition" may include a pigment that exhibits:

[0040] - the same color as the thermochromic pigment composition at temperature for optimal use,

[0041] * either because this pigment has the same color at room temperature as the Thermochromic pigment composition at optimal use temperature and does not change color with temperature.

[0042] * either because this pigment has a different color at room temperature of that of the thermochromic pigment composition which evolves to the same color as the thermochromic pigment composition at the optimal operating temperature,

[0043] - a color very different from that of the thermochromic pigment composition the optimal operating temperature, whether this pigment changes color or not with temperature changes.

[0044] The optimal operating temperature can be reached when the color of the temperature reference pigment composition corresponds to a color indicated in the user guide for the household item including the coating of the invention or to a color indicated on a color scale supplied to the user with said article.

[0045] The temperature reference pigment composition is thermochromic or thermostable.

[0046] The reference temperature pigment composition can be, for example, a reference cooking temperature pigment composition or an indication of risk of overheating.

[0047] For the purposes of this invention, "thermochromic pigment or pigment composition" means a pigment or pigment composition that changes color with temperature within a given temperature range, this change being reversible. This color change is visible to the user with the naked eye at normal viewing distances.

[0048] The term "thermostat pigment" means a pigment which does not exhibit a change of color when subjected to a temperature rise within a given temperature range or which exhibits a change of hue when subjected to a temperature rise within a given temperature range so small that it is not visible to the user with the naked eye and at a conventional operating distance.

[0049] Preferably, the thermostable pigments have a color difference AE* between 25°C and 200°C of less than 10, AE* being defined by the CIE1976 formula in the CIELAB color space:

[0050] * c * ^2 7 / * zr~ AE = J(l2 -Li ) +(a2*-af) 2 +p2 -¼ j 2

[0051] Li*, ai* and bi* characterizing the L*a*b values ​​of said compound at room temperature

[0052] L2*, a2* and b2* characterizing the L*a*b values ​​of said compound at 200°C.

[0053] By "the colours are identical" we mean indistinguishable by the user to the naked eye and at a normal operating distance.

[0054] The term "culinary article" should be understood, for the purposes of the present invention, as an object intended for cooking. To this end, it is intended to receive heat treatment.

[0055] The expression "object intended to receive heat treatment" should be understood in the context of the present invention as an object which will be heated by an external heating system such as pans, pots, sauté pans, woks, barbecue grills and which is capable of transmitting the heat energy supplied by this external heating system to a material or food in contact with said object.

[0056] For the purposes of this invention, the term "electric cooking appliance" means a heating object having its own heating system such as such as electric crepe maker, electric raclette machine, electric fondue machine, electric grill, electric griddle, electric cooker, bread machine, electric pressure cooker.

[0057] The term “coating” means the layer covering the metallic substrate and adhering to that substrate.

[0058] In the present invention, the % by weight are expressed in dry weight, i.e. without solvent. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0059] [Fig. 1] represents a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of a coated heating element (1) for household article, comprising a metallic substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating (3) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b).

[0060] [Fig.2] illustrates the implementation of the Hot Blade test of examples to evaluate the mechanical durability and scratch resistance of the coating (3). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Coating

[0061] A first object of the invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metallic support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises

[0062] either several layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layers being made up of

[0063] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0064] - one or more charge(s);

[0065] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0066] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s),

[0067] i.e., a monolayer consisting of:

[0068] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and mixtures thereof, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0069] - one or more charge(s);

[0070] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0071] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

[0072] Advantageously, the thickness of the coating (3) according to the invention is between 5 and 200 pm, preferably between 10 and 80 pm. Polymer phase

[0073] PAEK

[0074] Advantageously, the polyaryletherketone(s) (PAEK) is / are chosen from the group consisting of: polyetherketones (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketones (PEKK), polyetheretherketoneketones (PEEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketones (PEKEKK), particularly preferably is / are PEEK.

[0075] PAES

[0076] By way of aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, the following are cited as suitable examples according to the invention: poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(arylethersulfones) polymer (PAES), and in particular polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), liquid crystal polymers and their mixtures.

[0077] Heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers

[0078] By way of suitable examples of heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers according to the invention are polyetherimide (PEI), polyimides (PI), polyamideimides (PAI) and polybenzymidazole (PBI), or mixtures thereof.

[0079] Organopolysiloxane polymers.

[0080] By way of organopolysiloxane polymers, suitable examples according to the invention are those obtained from organopolysiloxane polymeric or oligomeric precursors, either in the form of silicone oils of branching degree variable, either in the form of silicone resins with varying degrees of pre-curing or copolymers of silicone resins such as silicone-polyester, silicone-alkyd, silicone-polyurethane, and silicone-epoxy resins, or in the form of mixtures of silicone oils, silicone resins, and silicone resin copolymers. Silicon atoms may be substituted by alkyl (particularly methyl) or aryl (particularly phenyl) groups, or mixtures thereof. The oils or resins preferably comprise one or more (2, 3, or more) hydroxyl or alkoxy functional groups (particularly methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy) as substituents for silicon atoms.

[0081] Preferably, the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) of the coating according to the invention is / are a silicone oil or a copolymer of silicone resins.

[0082] The advantage of using these polymers with very high thermal stability, in particular PAEKs, with continuous use conditions at 260°C, is also to benefit from their very high mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tribology, low coefficient of friction, low surface energy etc.) and their chemical resistance properties (in acidic and basic conditions, excellent resistance to many solvents), their biocompatibility, their biostability and their recyclability.

[0083] According to one embodiment, each of the layers of the coating (3) according to the invention comprises at least 1%, preferably at least 5% by weight of one or more polyaryletherketone(s) (PAEK).

[0084] Advantageously, the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) present in each of the layers is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or a polyetherketoneketones (PEKK).

[0085] Advantageously, the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK include polyethersulfone (PES) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

[0086] An amorphous, non-crystalline, aromatic thermoplastic polymer, such as PPSU / PES (Polyethersulfone), improves the coating's film formation because its glass transition temperature is much lower than that of PAEK, thus enhancing adhesion to the substrate. This also advantageously improves the material's ductility and enhances its stretchability and stampability.

[0087] Organopolysiloxanes

[0088] This family of polymers makes it possible to combine different properties, depending on the polymer structure, such as thermal resistance, lubrication and anti-sticking, hydrophobicity, resistance to heat, thermo-oxidation and chemical and biological aggressions, etc.

[0089] Advantageously, when the polymeric phase comprises an organopolysiloxane polymer, this can be obtained by a crosslinking process leading to A polymeric network, continuous or discontinuous at the microscopic scale, exists within the polymer phase, depending on the concentration, nature, and conformation of the other components in the coating. "Crosslinking" refers to the chemical reaction leading to one or more covalent bonds between the precursors of the organopolysiloxane polymer and / or between these same precursors and other components of the coating.

[0090] The coating according to the invention obtained is advantageously solid, "solid" means the characteristic of a cohesive material insoluble in water, in common solvents, in food components such as aqueous or fatty mixtures, even if the material may exhibit high hardness or high flexibility such as an elastomer.

[0091] The organopolysiloxane polymer network may consist of a combination of 4 simple organosiloxane units designated M, D, T and Q depending on the degree of substitution by the oxygen of the silicon atom, as described in the following table, where R is an organic substituent described below.

[0092] [Tables 1] Structure Degree of oxygen substitution Symbol 1 M ? "OSrO"" R 2 0 RQ 3 T 4 Q

[0093] The organopolysiloxane polymer is obtained by crosslinking from precursors that may be monomeric or polymeric, or, as an intermediate step, oligomeric. The organopolysiloxane polymer can also be obtained from a mixture of these different types of precursors. When the network contains a higher number of T and Q units than D units, the crosslinking density is higher. The distribution among the M, D, T, and Q units depends on the chemical structure of the precursors, in particular on this M, D, T, and Q distribution within the precursors.

[0094] The polymeric precursors are organopolysiloxanes. These macromolecules are formed of M, D, T, and / or Q units as described in the table, where R is independently an alkyl group, in particular methyl, or aryl group, in particular phenyl, different natures of R being able to be present on the same macromolecule.

[0095] Organopolysiloxanes can be either linear or sparsely branched (predominantly D groups), or branched or highly branched (predominantly T and Q groups). Linear or sparsely branched organopolysiloxanes are generally liquid, more or less viscous at room temperature, and are called silicone oils. Branched or highly branched (pre-crosslinked) organopolysiloxanes form a network at the scale of the individual macromolecule and are called silicone resins. At room temperature, the resins are essentially in solid form, or in liquid form, provided in particular that they have a sufficiently low molecular weight, either as a solution in a solvent or as an aqueous emulsion. They can be copolymerized with organic polymers or oligomers not containing silicon, chosen in particular from polyesters, acrylics, alkyds, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins.

[0096] When the crosslinking is a hydrolysis-polycondensation: it is carried out by means of the reactive hydroxy or alkoxy functions, in particular methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy, present on the organopolysiloxane.

[0097] When the crosslinking is a polyaddition (or hydrosilyl tion): it takes place by reaction between the reactive vinyl functions (-CH=CH2) present on one of the organopolysiloxanes and the reactive silyl hydride functions (Si-H) present on the other organopolysiloxane mixed with the first.

[0098] All these reactive functions are present on each organopolysiloxane, with at least one present and two, three, or more present... as much as the molecular structure allows. Silicone oils containing at least one reactive function are called "reactive oils." The reactive functions can be located either at the end of the macromolecular chain (termination) or distributed along the chain.

[0099] Silicone-polyester resins in particular have silicone / polyester mass ratios for example 90 / 10, 80 / 20, 70 / 30, 60 / 40, 50 / 50, 40 / 50, 30 / 70, 20 / 80, 10 / 90, advantageously between 80 / 20 and 50 / 50.

[0100] Linear PDMS silicone oils, pure or pre-emulsified in water, are characterized first by their molecular weight, which is directly proportional to the viscosity of the pure oil. They are then characterized by the presence or absence of reactive functional groups, for example hydroxyl groups on the silicon atoms (silanol), their number, and their location on the molecular chain. For example, reactive oils with viscosities between 50 and 20,000 mPa·s, and in particular between 300 and 5,000 mPa·s, can be used, possessing at least one reactive functional group, preferably at least two, which can be located at the ends of the chain (positions a, w).

[0101] Polymeric precursors reacting by polyaddition may include, for example, polymethylhydrosiloxane, vinylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), in particular linear, vinyl-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, hydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, hydride-terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxanes, cyclic vinylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-MQ resin, trimethylsilyl-terminated polymethylhydrosiloxane, trimethylhydrosiloxane-terminated dimethylsiloxane copolymer, MQ resin hydride, and the like, as well as combinations thereof.

[0102] Polymeric precursors reacting by hydrolysis-polycondensation, whether silicone resins or silicone oils, may include, for example, poly(methylsilsesquioxanes), poly(propylsilsesquioxanes), poly(phenylsilsesquioxanes), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), terminated trimethylsilyl, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) terminated hydroxyl, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) terminated silanol, polyphenylsiloxane (PDMS) terminated silanol, diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer terminated silanol, poly(2-acetoxyethylsilsesquioxanes), organo-modified alkoxysilanes and their oligomers, and all similar macromolecules and mixtures thereof.

[0103] The organopolysiloxane polymer can also be obtained by crosslinking a mixture of one or more monomeric precursors and one or more polymeric precursors as described above, as well as one or more oligomeric precursors, which may be linear, branched, or cyclic. These oligomeric precursors have a lower molecular weight than the polymeric precursors. Polymeric and / or oligomeric precursors having more than two reactive functions as described above, advantageously much more than two, can be added to the mixture as a "co-binder" to promote a high crosslinking density of the organopolysiloxane polymer ultimately obtained.

[0104] Monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymeric precursors, in particular silicone resins, copolymerized or not with an organic polymer, play the role of polymeric binder in order to obtain the solid organopolysiloxane polymer combined with the TP of each layer.

[0105] Silicone oil-type organopolysiloxane precursors can be considered as additives if they are added in small quantities (generally between 0.1 and 5% dry) to the overall formula of a layer, independently of the other components for the formation of the solid organopolysiloxane polymer.

[0106] Crosslinking may require a catalyst: - In the case of the crosslinking of organopolysiloxanes by hydrolysis-polycondensation, the formula may include a metallic catalyst, such as for example, metallic complexes based on platinum, tin, zinc, zirconium and cerium, in particular platinum-cyclovinylmethyl-silxane complexes, tin ethylhexanoate, zinc ethylhexanoate, zirconium ethylhexanoate, cerium ethylhexanoate, and tin dibutyl laurate. - In the case of crosslinking organopolysiloxanes by hydrosylilation, the addition of a catalyst may be necessary: ​​this may be, for example, platinum or a suitable platinum-based catalyst such as the Karstedt catalyst or the Ashbys catalyst.

[0107] A crosslinking agent, for example carrying Si-H bonds, may be present.

[0108] Fluorocarbon resins

[0109] The fluorocarbon resin(s) is / are advantageously chosen in the group consisting of: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PFA) copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (FEP) copolymer and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably comprising PTFE.

[0110] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention does not comprise fluorocarbon resin. [YES] Charges

[0112] The fillers within the meaning of the invention make it possible to provide mechanical reinforcement and can also provide lubricating properties, hydrophobic properties, while improving the mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity of the coating.

[0113] The fillers do not only have the function of adding color to the coating, but can contribute to it.

[0114] The presence of fillers with excellent thermal conductivity makes it possible to compensate for the low thermal conductivity of PAEK polymers.

[0115] Advantageously, the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of ceramic fillers (SiO2, etc.) and / or mineral and / or metallic fillers (Al2O3, TiO2, etc.) and / or hydrophobic silicas and / or diamond particles.

[0116] Preferably, the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal carbides, metal oxynitrides, metal nitrides, and their mixtures.

[0117] Advantageously, said metal is a transition metal, such as at least one of the elements selected from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf.

[0118] Preferably, the charge(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of: - Reinforcement fillers: hard organic or inorganic fillers; the hard inorganic fillers are preferably carbide particles silicon or alumina or zirconia or graphite, or ceramics, or carbonate, or hydrated alumina, aluminum trihydroxide or one or more metal oxide(s), graphite, graphene; - other fillers for reinforcement chosen from among the metallic oxides: silica, micas, lamellar fillers, clays such as montmorillonite, sepiolite, gypsite, kaolinite and laponite, zinc dioxide, quartz, and zirconium phosphate, alumina, zirconia, zinc oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide; - fillers chosen from among the reinforcing fibers: glass fiber or carbon fiber or aramid fiber; - conductive charges comprising a transition metal carbide and / or a transition metal nitride: characterized in that the transition metal is at least one of the elements selected from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf,

[0119] for example: Cubic Boron Nitride, diamond particles, metallic particles; - lamellar fillers that can confer lubricating properties, such as clays, graphene or graphite.

[0120] Preferred fillers in combination with organopolysiloxanes are: - reinforcing fillers: silica or carbonates with filler levels of at least 10-15% / wt and up to 60% / wt, - alumina, hydrated alumina, aluminum trihydroxide, - silica (precipitated or pyrogenated) with a d50 < 0.1 pm and a specific surface area BET > 30 m² / g and preferably between 30 and 500 m² / g, - or a mixture of quartz and silica, diatomaceous earth or crushed quartz, titanium, mica, talc, kaolin, barium sulfate, slaked lime, zinc oxide, expanded vermiculite, non-expanded vermiculite, calcium carbonate etc.

[0121] Advantageously, the average diameter d50 of the charges is between 0.1 and 50 pm, advantageously still between 5 and 15 pm.

[0122] Advantageously, the proportion of fillers in a layer is between 0.5 and 30% by dry weight relative to the total weight of said layer after baking, preferably between 5 and 20%.

[0123] Advantageously, the proportion of fillers in the coating (3) is less than 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the coating (3).

[0124] Additives

[0125] Advantageously, said additives are chosen from the group consisting of antifoaming agents, dispersing agents, wetting agents, thickeners, and pH adjusters.

[0126] The said antifoaming agent(s) (is) preferably chosen from the group consisting of mineral oils, diols, hydrocarbons, glycerides, oxyrane, emulsified fatty acids.

[0127] The surfactant(s) is / are preferably chosen from the group consisting of glycol ether, ethoxylated alcohol excluding alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEs), gemini surfactants.

[0128] The dispersing agent(s) is / are preferably chosen from the group consisting of anionic dispersants such as fatty acid derivatives.

[0129] Said thickeners are preferably chosen from the group consisting of acrylic-based or polyurethane-based copolymer, cellulose, fumed silica.

[0130] Said pH adjusters are preferably chosen from the group consisting of Brønsted bases: ammonia, amines (triethylamine, triethanolamine...), hydroxides (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide...), carbonates.

[0131] A preferred adhesion promoter in combination with organopolysiloxanes is an organosilane or an organopolysiloxane having three silicon-linked hydrolyzable groups per molecule

[0132] Advantageously, the proportion of additives in the coating (3) is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of said coating (3).

[0133] Advantageously, the proportion of additives in each layer of the coating (3) is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of said layer.

[0134] Coloring agents

[0135] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises one or more coloring agent(s) selected from the group consisting of thermochromic pigments, thermostable pigments, glitter, holographic glitter and mixtures thereof. • Thermochromic pigments

[0136] Preferably, the thermochromic pigment(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, V2O5, WO3, CeO2, In2O3, Yi^CaojeTii^VojeCW Agi, (Bib xAx)(Vi_yMy)O4 with: - x is equal to 0 or x is between 0.001 and 0.999, - y is equal to 0 or y is between 0.001 and 0.999, - A and M are chosen from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a post-oxidation metal, a metalloid, or a lanthanide, - A and M are different from each other.

[0137] Given that A and M are different from each other, when:

[0138] - A is an alkali metal, it can be chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,

[0139] - M is an alkali metal, it can be chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,

[0140] - A is an alkaline earth metal, it can be chosen from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,

[0141] - M is an alkaline earth metal, it can be chosen from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,

[0142] - A is a transition metal, it can be chosen from Sc, Ti Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir,

[0143] - M is a transition metal; it can be chosen from Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir,

[0144] - A is a base metal; it can be chosen from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn,

[0145] - M is a base metal; it can be chosen from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn,

[0146] - A is a metalloid, it can be chosen from B, Si, Ge, Sb,

[0147] - M is a metalloid, it can be chosen from B, Si, Ge, Sb,

[0148] - A is a lanthanide, it can be chosen from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu,

[0149] - M is a lanthanide, it can be chosen from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.

[0150] Preferably, A and M different from each other are B and / or Mg.

[0151] Preferably, the pigment (Bii.xAx)(Vi_yMy)O4 has a monoclinic scheelite crystallographic form at room temperature.

[0152] Preferably, x and y are 0, that is, the pigment (Bii_xAx)(Vi_yMy)O4 is Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4). Advantageously, a BiVO4 with a monoclinic scheelite crystallographic structure at room temperature is used.

[0153] Bismuth vanadate is a yellow inorganic compound with the formula BiVO4, widely used for its coloristic properties and lack of toxicity. Registered in the Colour Index International database as QI Pigment Yellow 184, it is marketed by companies including Heubach (Vanadur®), BASF (Sicopal®), FERRO (Lysopac), and Bruchsaler Farbenfabrik (Brufasol®). • Heat-stable pigments

[0154] Preferably, the thermostable pigment(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of:

[0155] - Titanium rutile-type yellow pigment,

[0156] - Yellow pigment derived from bismuth, for example selected from the vanadates of stabilized bismuth (Py i84)

[0157] - Red pigment, for example selected from perylene red (for example PR149, PR178 and PR224), iron oxide,

[0158] - Orange pigment of the bismuth oxyhalide type (PO85),

[0159] - Bismuth vanadate orange pigment (PO86)

[0160] - Zinc tin titanium orange pigment (PO82)

[0161] - Orange pigment of cerium sulfide (PO75; PO78)

[0162] - Yellow-orange rutile-type pigment of antimony titanium chromium (PBr24)

[0163] - Yellow-orange pigment of the tin and zinc rutile type (Py2ie)

[0164] - Yellow-orange pigment of niobium oxide tin zinc sulfide (Py227)

[0165] - Yellow-orange pigment of double oxides of tin and niobium

[0166] - Co3(PO4)2

[0167] - LiCoPO4

[0168] - CoA12O4

[0169] - Cr2O3

[0170] - TiO2

[0171] - Black pigment PBk28 (Copper chromite black spinel)

[0172] - and their mixtures. • Sequins

[0173] The glitter used in the context of the present invention can be independently selected from mica glitter, coated or uncoated, silica glitter, coated or uncoated, aluminum glitter, coated or uncoated, iron oxide glitter, coated or uncoated, or mica or silica glitter coated with titanium dioxide. The glitter used in the context of the present invention can be treated to give a particular color effect.

[0174] Preferably, the glitter(s) is / are particles selected from the group consisting of mica particles, aluminum particles, titanium dioxide-coated mica particles or mixtures thereof. • Hologram glitter

[0175] Advantageously, the glitter(s) is / are holographic glitter, that is to say a mixture of magnetizable and non-magnetizable particles.

[0176] Magnetizable particles may advantageously be particles comprising at least one ferromagnetic metal. These magnetizable particles may be homogeneous, i.e., made of the same material, or composite, i.e., having a core-shell structure in which the ferromagnetic metal is located in the core and / or in the shell of said particles. Examples of composite magnetizable particles include mica flakes coated with iron oxide Fe2O3 or stainless steel fibers coated with a sol-gel material, as corrosion protection during the coating application stages, or plastic material flakes coated with iron oxide Fe2O3, or flakes whose core is made of a ferromagnetic metal and whose shell is made of a plastic material or a sol-gel material.

[0177] According to one embodiment, a portion of said magnetizable particles is oriented so as to form a three-dimensional decoration.

[0178] Advantageously, the mixture of magnetizable and non-magnetizable particles represents between 1% and 5% by weight of the weight of the layer, preferably between 2% and 3% by weight.

[0179] Advantageously, the percentage of non-magnetizable particles in the mixture of magnetizable and non-magnetizable particles is between 15% and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture of magnetizable and non-magnetizable particles.

[0180] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles have a dimension D50 less than or equal to 23 pm.

[0181] The term “D50” means, in the context of the present invention, the maximum dimension that 50% of the particles have by number.

[0182] Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles have a D90 dimension between 20% and 250% of the D90 dimension of the magnetizable particles.

[0183] The term “D90” means, in the context of the present invention, the maximum dimension that 90% of the particles have by number.

[0184] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles and / or the non-magnetizable particles are colored on the surface.

[0185] Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles are made of mica, aluminum, or mica coated with titanium dioxide.

[0186] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles consist of iron, iron oxide, aluminum coated with iron, or mica coated with iron, the iron being in ferritic form. Architectures

[0187] According to one embodiment, the coating according to the invention comprises one or more layers applied to the substrate. It may be a single-layer or multi-layer coating, the different layers being applied successively.

[0188] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises one to three layers, preferably two, applied to the support.

[0189] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises intermediate layers, preferably two, which may be decorative layers.

[0190] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention is a non-stick coating, that is to say, preferentially food does not stick to the coating.

[0191] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention is a single-layer non-stick coating.

[0192] Decorations

[0193] According to one embodiment, the decoration layer(s) is / are continuous and covers the entirety of the lower layer.

[0194] According to another embodiment, the decoration layer(s) do not cover the entire lower layer and form at least one decoration.

[0195] Advantageously, the decoration layer(s) make up several decorations, one (i) comprising one or more thermochromic pigment(s) and the other (j) comprising at least one temperature reference pigment composition.

[0196] According to one embodiment, each of the two decorations (i) and (j) is presented in the form of adjacent, non-overlapping motifs. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric motifs distributed uniformly over the entire surface and alternating with respect to each other.

[0197] According to another embodiment, the two decorations (i) and (j) are partially overlapping. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric patterns distributed evenly over the entire surface and partially overlapping.

[0198] Preferably, the two designs (i) and (j) are overlapping, either because one of the two designs is a continuous layer and the other design covers it in the form of patterns, or because the two designs (i) and (j) are in the form of overlapping patterns.

[0199] According to another embodiment, the decorations are applied directly onto the substrate.

[0200] The decoration can be applied by any method well known to those skilled in the art, for example by screen printing or pad printing.

[0201] Preferably, the polymeric phase of the layer or layers consisting of at least 70% by weight of said polymeric phase comprises at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

[0202] Preferably, the polymeric phase of the layer or layers consisting of at least 70% by weight of said polymeric phase comprises at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% of one or more polymer(s) selected from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers (when present in the layer) and mixtures thereof.

[0203] According to one embodiment, all the layers of the coating (3) according to the invention are made up of:

[0204] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0205] - one or more charges

[0206] - possibly one or more additive(s)

[0207] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

[0208] According to another embodiment, the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made of:

[0209] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being composed of polyethersulfone (PES), and possibly PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of polyethersulfone (PES), the remainder being composed of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and possibly PTFE

[0210] - one or more charge(s);

[0211] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0212] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

[0213] According to another embodiment, the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made of:

[0214] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being composed of a silicone oil, and possibly PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of a silicone oil, the remainder being composed of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and possibly PTFE

[0215] - one or more charge(s);

[0216] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0217] - possibly one or more coloring agent(s). Coated heating element

[0218] The term “coated heating element” means an assembly of a metallic substrate and a coating according to the invention on said metallic substrate, the substrate being capable of being heated.

[0219] Advantageously, a coated heating element according to the invention is a coated cooking element.

[0220] Another object of the invention, illustrated in [Fig. 1], relates to a coated heating element (1) for a household appliance, comprising a metallic substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating (3) according to the invention, in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b). Metallic substrate

[0221] Advantageously, said metallic substrate (2) is a substrate of aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron or aluminum, iron, titanium or copper.

[0222] For the purposes of this invention, aluminium means a metal consisting of 100% aluminium or an aluminium alloy.

[0223] Advantageously, the metallic substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate, a stainless steel substrate, or a multilayer metallic substrate. The metallic substrate (2) may be a two-layer or three-layer substrate, these multilayers being obtained, for example, by co-lamination, by hot diffusion under load (solid state bonding), or by hot or cold impact bonding.

[0224] Preferably, the metallic substrate (2) comprises an alternation of layers of metal and / or metallic alloy.

[0225] According to one embodiment, the metallic substrate (2) is an aluminum alloy substrate, a stainless steel substrate or a multilayer metallic substrate whose face (2a) is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

[0226] Preferably, the metallic substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate.

[0227] Advantageously, the thickness of the metallic substrate (2) is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.

[0228] Advantageously, the face (2a) of the metallic substrate (2) has previously undergone a surface treatment to improve the adhesion of the coating to said substrate.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the surface of the face (2a) of the metallic substrate (2) has undergone a surface treatment, said surface treatment being a chemical attack, a brushing, a hydration, a sandblasting, a shot blasting, a physicochemical treatment of the plasma or corona or laser type, a chemical activation or a combination of these different techniques.

[0230] Advantageously, the surface of the substrate (2a) onto which the coating (3) according to the invention is to be applied can be treated to increase its specific surface area; for an aluminum substrate, this treatment can be carried out by anodizing (creation of a tubular alumina structure), chemical etching, sandblasting, brushing, shot peening, or by adding material using a technology such as thermal spraying (flame, plasma, or arc spray). Other metallic substrates can also be polished, sandblasted, brushed, bead-blasted, or have material added by through the use of a technology such as thermal projection (flame, plasma or arc spray).

[0231] As examples of metallic substrates that can be used in the present invention, advantageous examples include substrates made of anodized or unanodized aluminum, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot-blasted or micro-beaded; substrates made of anodized or unanodized aluminum alloy, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted or micro-beaded; substrates made of steel, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot-blasted or micro-beaded; substrates made of stainless steel, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted or micro-beaded; substrates made of cast steel, aluminum or iron; and substrates made of copper, optionally hammered or polished.

[0232] Advantageously, the substrate can be selected from substrates comprising ferritic stainless steel / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layers, substrates comprising stainless steel / aluminum / copper / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layers, cast aluminum caps, aluminum or aluminum alloy caps lined with an outer stainless steel base, metallic co-laminated substrates, for example two-layer co-laminated substrates comprising a stainless steel layer (for example intended to form the inner face of the article) and an aluminum or aluminum alloy layer, anodized or not (for example intended to form the outer face of the article).

[0233] Advantageously, the mean arithmetic roughness Ra of the surface of the face (2a) of the metallic substrate (2) is greater than or equal to 1 pm.

[0234] The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is measured using a roughness tester according to ISO 4287. Ra represents the arithmetic mean of the deviations from the mean. Surface topography can be studied, in particular, with a profilometer with a probe equipped with a fine stylus fitted with a diamond tip, or with an optical metrology device such as the Altisurf®, in which a chromatic confocal sensor allows for non-contact measurement. The study of this surface topography makes it possible to define the arithmetic mean roughness Ra. Process

[0235] Another object of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprising the following successive steps:

[0236] i. Supply of a metallic substrate (2) having a face (2a),

[0237] ii. Optionally, pretreatment of the face (2a) of said metallic substrate (2) intended to be coated,

[0238] iii. Application of the coating layer(s) (3) onto the face (2a),

[0239] iv. baking of the element obtained in step iii.

[0240] Advantageously, step iii is carried out by spraying, screen printing, roller application, electrostatic projection of the coating composition(s) in liquid or powder form of the coating layer(s) (3).

[0241] At step iü, the layers can be applied wet on wet or a drying period can be applied between each layer.

[0242] By baking the coated substrate, we mean, in the context of the present invention, a heat treatment which makes it possible to densify the thermostable coating layer(s) applied to the substrate.

[0243] In step iv, a heating, also called sintering in some cases, is carried out. Generally, the heating temperature of step iv is from 230°C to 420°C. Advantageously, the heating temperature of step iv is from 380 to 420°C in the presence of fluorocarbon resins in the polymer phase. The advantageous heating temperature of step iv is from 230 to 300°C in the presence of organopolysiloxane polymers in the polymer phase, preferably from 230 to 280°C, and even more preferably from 230 to 250°C. The advantageous heating temperature of step iv... is between 230 and 300°C in the presence of thermoplastic polymers, excluding fluorocarbon resins, in the polymeric phase, preferably between 250 and 400°C, even more preferably between 280 and 380°C.

[0244] Drying can be carried out by convection or IR.

[0245] Advantageously, the manufacturing process for a coated heating element (1) according to the invention includes a drying step between 80 and 150°C after application of each of the layers.

[0246] Advantageously, the manufacturing process for a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprises a single final baking step iv of all the applied layers. This single baking step is carried out simultaneously for all the applied layers. This embodiment makes it possible to film, fuse, and cross-link all the layers together so that they form a single layer. The coating (3) thus forms a single layer, even if this single layer may not be homogeneous, that is to say, it may exhibit compositional heterogeneity such as, for example, a concentration gradient of its constituents.

[0247] Advantageously, the manufacturing process for a coated heating element (1) according to the invention includes a shaping step of said support (2) before or after step (i) or step iii. The shaping is also called stamping.

[0248] The application of the coating according to the invention by the method according to the invention can be carried out on the flat substrate, or on the shaped substrate, or on a locally flat area of ​​the shaped substrate. A thermostable coating layer is obtained. Generally, this coating layer is wet.

[0249] For the purposes of this invention, wet layer means that the layer includes all or part of its solvents.

[0250] Preferably, all or part of the solvents in the wet layer are removed, either naturally or by physical treatment, for example by thermal drying, airflow drying or vacuum treatment.

[0251] Advantageously, the coating composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one solvent. Advantageously, the solvent may be protic. Advantageously, the solvent may be non-toxic.

[0252] The solvent usable in the coating composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise at least one alcohol, and may preferably be chosen from isopropanol, methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof.

[0253] According to a variant of the method according to the invention, the coating can be applied in several layers. In this case, the deposition of at least one layer of a coating composition according to the invention onto at least one of the two opposite faces of said substrate is repeated several times. In this case, the coating according to the invention is multilayer. Each layer is preferably produced in a single printing step, the whole forming a multilayer. Preferably, according to this variant, a drying step is carried out between the application of each layer, and then the coating of said substrate is baked after the application of the last layer.

[0254] When the shaping step precedes the application iii of the coating, the coating is preferably carried out by spraying.

[0255] When this shaping step is subsequent to the application iii of the coating, the coating is preferably carried out by screen printing or by roller.

[0256] The coating formula is generally aqueous, with the polymers of the polymeric phase being in suspension form. Other non-aqueous solvents may also be suitable.

[0257] According to one variant, the PAEK suspensions have a particle size with a d50 of about 10 pm to 15 pm. Household item

[0258] Another object of the invention relates to a household article comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention.

[0259] According to one embodiment, said household article is a cooking article and the face (3b) of the coating according to the invention is capable of receiving food.

[0260] According to one embodiment, the cooking article has a heating face intended to be brought into contact with an external heating source, the heating face being opposite to the cooking face intended to be brought into contact with the food during cooking.

[0261] Advantageously, the cooking article according to the invention is chosen from the group consisting of saucepans, frying pans, skillets or fondue or raclette pots, etc. everything, wok, sauté pan, crepe pan, grill, griddle, pot, casserole dish, cooker or bread machine bowl, cooking mold.

[0262] The invention also relates to an electric cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1).

[0263] Advantageously, the electric cooking appliance is chosen from the group consisting of electric crepe maker, electric raclette appliance, electric fondue appliance, electric grill, electric plancha, electric cooker, bread machine, electric pressure cooking appliance.

[0264] According to another embodiment, the household item is an everyday item that the user heats.

[0265] This can be an iron or a garment steamer, the coating according to the invention covering the sole.

[0266] This may be a hair straightener, the coating according to the invention covering the plates of said hair straightener.

[0267] The household heating article according to the present invention may in particular be a cooking article or a small household appliance such as an iron, a hair care article, an insulated pot (for example for a coffee maker) or a mixing bowl.

[0268] The small household heating appliance article according to the present invention may in particular be a cooking article, and in particular a cooking article of which one of the two opposite faces of the substrate is an interior face, possibly concave, intended to be disposed on the side of food that may be introduced into or onto said article, and of which the other face of the substrate is an exterior face, possibly convex, intended to be disposed towards a heat source.

[0269] By way of non-limiting examples of cooking articles conforming to the present invention, mention shall be made in particular of cooking articles such as saucepans and frying pans, woks and sauté pans, stockpots and casseroles, crepe makers, waffle irons, grills, molds and baking sheets, planchas, barbecue plates and grills, raclette or fondue appliances, rice cookers, jam makers, bread machine bowls, preparation bowls.

[0270] The small household heating appliance article according to the present invention may in particular be an iron, such as a steam iron or a steam generator, and the coated element according to the present invention is the sole of the iron.

[0271] The small household heating appliance article according to the present invention may in particular be an article for hair care, such as a curling iron or straightening iron, and the coated element according to the present invention is one of the heating plates of the article for hair care. EXAMPLES

[0272] The aims, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention presented by way of non-limiting example.

[0273] Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example. Modifications remain possible, particularly with regard to the composition of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention. 1) Raw materials:

[0274] Metallic substrate:

[0275] The aluminium discs are made of annealed 4006 alloy, 3.4 mm thick and 340 mm in diameter. They have been treated by brushing (roughness Ra approximately 2 pm).

[0276] The screen printing coating is carried out according to the following parameters:

[0277] - between 1 and 4 layers, preferably 2 or 3 for a multi-layer coating or in 1 layer for a single-layer coating;

[0278] - partial drying of each layer may be envisaged before coating the next;

[0279] - the final firing is carried out in an oven between 250 and 420°C for 10 to 30 minutes, then the discs are left to cool;

[0280] - the thickness obtained is between 20 and 50 pm, preferably between 30 and 40 pm.

[0281] The coated discs are stamped and stretched to form 20 cm saucepans inner diameter. Silicone resins:

[0282] - RS1: Methyl ethoxy functionalized organopolysiloxane resin Aqueous emulsion, Viscosity at 25°C Approx. 1500 mPas, Solids content = 52% - RS2: Ethoxy functionalized organopolysiloxane polyester resin (80% organopolysiloxane / 20% polyester), solvent-based, viscosity at 25°C approx. 2000 mPas, solids content = 75% - PDMS_1: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin in aqueous emulsion

[0283] Functionalized PDMS, Solids content 62% - PDMS_2: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin:

[0284] Linear functionalized PDMS -OH chain ends, Viscosity at 25 °C Approx. 600 mPa.s, Solids content 100% Polyarylether ketone:

[0285] - PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) powder resin, Vicote 704 from VICTREX, polymer powder with a d50 of 10 pm - an aqueous dispersion of PEEK (Poly ether ether ketone) from VICTREX under the name VICOTE Coatings F804 “Vicote F804”: particle size d50= 10 pm; dry extract 35%; pH between 9.6 and 11.9; viscosity of about 11 sec DIN Cup n°6. - PEKK powder resin, KEPSAN 7002 PT from Arkema with a d50 of 20 pm

[0286] Aromatic thermoplastic polymers: - PolyEtherSulfone (PES) powder resin, micronized grade VERADEL 3100 UFP from SOLVAY, polymer powder with a d50 < 40 pm - Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) powder resin: Ryton® 10000UFP from SOLVAY Heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers:

[0287] - Polyamide imide (PAI) powder resin: TORLON AI10LS from Solvay, powder containing 90% dry extract in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP / Water) - Polyimide (PI) powder resin: P84® NT from Evonik - Polybenzymidazole (PBI) resin: Celazole® PBI U-60 Fluorinated Resins:

[0288] - Aqueous dispersion of 60% fluorinated resin (PTFE) in aqueous phase Reinforcement charges:

[0289] - Aerosil R972 (Evonik)

[0290] Post-treated silica fume dimethyl dichlorosilane, specific surface area (BET) = 90 to 130 m2 / g - LUZENAC EL 10 Talc: Talc / chlorite / dolomite mineral powder - Alumina: Alumina CAHPF 240 d50 = 45-50 pm from Alteo at 100% - Graphene: Graphen, graphene in dispersed form, grade from Carbon Waters - Lamellar charges: Clay: montmorillonite, sepiolite, laponite Pigments:

[0291] - Sicopal black K0098FK (Sun Chemical): Chromium / Iron oxide powder: Index = P.BR.29 Alcohol Solvent

[0292] - 2-Methoxy-1-Methylethyl Acetate (MPA) - Butyl Glycol acetate (BGA) - Butyl acetate (BA) Additives

[0293] Antifoaming agent - Moussex 7114HL from Synthon - Tego foamex K7 from Evonik - Clariant Genapol X089 Other additives:

[0294] - acrylic: Rohagit SD 15: 30% acrylic polymer solution in phase aqueous or SYnthotik 2) TESTS implemented

[0295] Mechanical durability evaluation tests - Hot blade scratch resistance

[0296] The excellent mechanical performance of this coating is evaluated with regard to the hot blade test.

[0297] This test method evaluates the scratch resistance of a coating on the inner surface of a cookware item being tested, which is placed on a heat source. This test is performed using a moving system composed of three hard metal points (ballpoint pens) as illustrated in [Fig. 2]. This test, also known as the "tiger paw" test, induces rotation around its axis and describes an epicyclic movement on the coated surface. The degradation of the coating (appearance of metal spots, scratches, delamination of the coating) is visually assessed after several time cycles.

[0298] This test ultimately allows us to evaluate two output data:

[0299] - Delamination of the coating on a metallic surface after a test time (duration).

[0300] - Appearance of the scratch on the metal: Scratch on the metal after a test time (duration).

[0301] Mechanical durability evaluation tests - Abrasion resistance

[0302] The article is then subjected to abrasion tests by an abrasive pad followed by a milk test as well as a scratch test.

[0303] - Scratch test and wear coefficient

[0304] This test evaluates the coating's resistance to the action of an abrasive pad applied to its surface and the loss of the coating's non-stick properties by means of a milk carbonization test after it has been subjected to the abrasion cycle. It is based on a standard test: NF D 21-511 with adapted specific features.

[0305] The apparatus used is an abrasive tester with a horizontal movement. A fixed arm supports a rectangular pad measuring 70 + 5 mm x 30 ± 5 mm, on which an abrasive pad of the same dimensions is placed. The arm has a tare weight allowing the application of a load of 21 N (including the mass of the lever arm). The abrasive moves at a speed of 33 back-and-forth movements per minute. The abraded surface is 70 mm x 130 mm, representing a stroke of 100 mm, after 1000 abrasion cycles (i.e., 1000 back-and-forth movements of the abrasive). Method for evaluating stampability:

[0306] A stamping test, called a Swift test, is carried out with a Zwick BPU 400 stamping machine.

[0307] Experimental conditions:

[0308] - cutting the discs to a diameter of 64 mm

[0309] - 33 mm punch (Limiting Drawing Ratio = 1.9)

[0310] - stamping die: 40 mm

[0311] The hydrated, pickled, and coated brushed aluminum discs according to the invention are shaped by stamping into the form of a pan with a diameter of 26cm.

[0312] The stampability of a coating on a given substrate is expressed in a binary notation:

[0313] - OK: good stamping ability = adhesion of the coating to the substrate after Deformation by stamping is good

[0314] - Not OK: poor stamping ability = poor adhesion of the coating to the substrate Deformation after stamping is not good.

[0315] Deformation by stamping was carried out in two ways; the adhesion is evaluated differently depending on the deformation method. These methods are estimated to give comparable results.

[0316] Laboratory-scale method:

[0317] The coated aluminium substrate is deformed over a small area (a disc of approximately 10 cm in diameter is required) by a press according to the "Erichsen" or "Godet" method:

[0318] - "Erichsen": the press deforms the surface with a conical and rounded punch to a depth of approximately 1 to 2 cm, with the coating facing outwards. This deformation method also subjects the coating to stretching. If, after deformation, the coating appears heavily cracked or chipped / detached from the substrate, its resistance to deformation from stamping is poor. To amplify the differences, a grid pattern (according to ISO 2409) can be created beforehand in the area where the punch is applied, and then it can be observed whether many tiles have detached (with or without the application of adhesive tape). Table 10 below shows examples of acceptable and unacceptable results.

[0319] - "Bottom": the press deforms the substrate with a cylindrical punch (edge rounded), with an internal coating: this more closely simulates the deformation of a deep drawing, even though the tests performed involved 0% stretching of the skirt (the cylindrical edge). The result is poor when visually observing any delamination, wrinkling, etc., of the coating after deformation. Table 10 below shows examples.

[0320] 3) Examples of embodiment of a culinary article according to the invention:

[0321] The coating is carried out flat on flat aluminium discs, by screen printing process.

[0322] The aluminium discs are made of annealed 4006 alloy, 3.4 mm thick and 340 mm in diameter. They have been treated by brushing (roughness Ra approximately 2 pm).

[0323] The screen printing coating is carried out according to the following parameters:

[0324] - Between 1 and 4 layers, preferably 2 or 3, are deposited on the disk; for a multi-layer coating or a single-layer coating for a single-layer coating;

[0325] - each layer is coated using a silkscreen.

[0326] a final drying of all the layers is carried out first at room temperature for 5 min, then at 120°C (disc temperature) by convection or infrared, for 5 min.

[0327] - the final baking is carried out in an oven between 230 and 380°C for 10 minutes, then the discs are left to cool.

[0328] - the thickness obtained is between 20 and 50 pm, preferably between 30 and 40 pm.

[0329] The coated discs are stamped to form saucepans with a diameter of 20 cm inside, with an aluminium stretch rate on the "skirt" (the circular vertical part) of 0%.

[0330] The aqueous composition of the coating layer is prepared according to the principle of ball milling. Ball milling consists of loading a jar with the sample to be ground and grinding balls and rotating the jar around its axis at a certain speed. The rotation of the jar is generally carried out using a roller mill. The sample can be ground in dry form or dispersed in a suitable solvent (e.g., in water, alcohol, or a solvent). The dispersion may also contain certain additives (such as a dispersant or an antifoaming agent).

[0331] The substrate is coated with the continuous coating layer 1 or 2 as described above. The assembly is heated between 250°C and 380°C for 15 minutes per hour, i.e. the process comprises only one baking step at a temperature > 250°C, and this is after the coating layer has been deposited.

[0332] [Tables2] EXAMPLE 1 Monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics PEAK / Heterocyclic Ratio Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating PAI: TORLONAI10 36.4% 76.5% PEEK dispersion: F 804 40.1% PEEK / PAI: 52 / 48 laponite 5.3% Fillers: 20% Graphene 15.1% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.7% Moussex 7114HL 0.4% 100.0% EXAMPLE 1 in liquid form Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition PAI: TORLONAI10 18.00 90% laponite 2.37 Graphene 6.71 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.18 Water 19.44 Moussex 7114HL 0.20 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.18 PEEK dispersion: F804 50.91 35% TOTAL 100.00 Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition = 44%

[0333] [Tables3] EXAMPLE 2 Monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics PEAK / TP Ratio Aromatic Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating PES: VERADEL 3100 US FP 7.4% 75.5% PEEK dispersion: F 804 68.1% PEEK / PES: 90 / 10 laponite 5.6% Fillers: 21% Graphene 15.7% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.8% Moussex 7114HL 0.5% 100.0% Example 2 in liquid form Wet mass (g) Liquid composition Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition PES: VERADEL 3100 US FP 3.18 Laponite 2.39 Graphene 6.76 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.19 Water 1.59 Moussex 7114HL 0.20 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.19 PEEK dispersion: F804 83.50 35% TOTAL 100 Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition = 43%

[0334] [Tables4] EXAMPLE 3 Monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating PEAK / PTFE Ratio Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating PTFE 35.9% 75.6% PEEK dispersion: F804 39.7% PEEK / PTFE: 52 / 48 Alumina CAHP-F24 0 9.6% Fillers: 21% Aerosil R972 11.5% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.8% Moussex 7114HL 0.5% 100.0% Example 3 in liquid form Wet mass (g) Liquid composition Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition PTFE 31.19 60% Alumina CAHP-F24 0 5.00 Aerosil R972 6.00 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.48 Water 1.97 Moussex 7114HL 0.25 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.48 PEEK dispersion: F804 59.10 35% TOTAL 106.4582763 49%

[0335] Example 4: multilayer with a base layer conforming to example 2 and a top layer conforming to the composition described below:

[0336] [Tables5] Top layer of example 4 % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics + Organopolysiloxane % in solid phase after curing in the coating PEAK / Organopolysiloxane ratio Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating RS1 29.9% 86.9% PDMS_1 1.6% PEEK dispersion: F804 55.4% PEEK / (RS1+ PDMS_1): 64 / 36 Aerosil R972 10.0% Fillers: 10% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.7% Moussex 7114HL 0.5% 100.0% Example 4 in liquid form Wet mass (g) Liquid composition Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition RS1 24.16 52% PDMS_1 1.07 62% Aerosil R972 4.19 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.14 Water 1.52 Moussex 7114HL 0.19 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.14 PEEK dispersion: F804 66.59 35% TOTAL 100 42%

[0337] [Tableauxô] EXAMPLE 5 monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics Ratio PEAK / TP Aromatic Loads % in solid phase after baking in the coating PESELAD 3017, USFP 3016 % 72.9 % PEEK dispersion : F804 11.1 % PEEK / PES : 15 / 85 Alumine CAHP-F240 9.4% Charges : 21 % Aerosil R972 11.2% Sikkopal K0098FK 5.6% Moussex 71.1% HL Example 5 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Liquid composition Dry extract (%) Liquid composition PES: VERADEL 3100 US FP 26.9 Aluminum CAHP-F240 4.1 Aerosil R972 4.9 Butyl acetate (BA) 2.4 Water 4.49 HL Mousse Sikkopal K0098FK 2,4 PEEK dispersion : F804 13,9 35 % TOTAL 100 44 %

[0338] [Tables?] COUNTER-EX MPLE1 Monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating Ratio PEAK / TP Aromatic Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating VERADEL 3100 US FP 15.0% 17.7% PEEK dispersion: F804 2.7% PEEK / PES: 15 / 85 Alumina CAHP-F24 0 30.3% Fillers: 76% Aerosil R972 45.4% Sikkopal K0098FK 6.1% Moussex 7114HL 0.6% 100.0% Counter-example 1 in liquid form Mass in humidity (gr) Composition of the liquid Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition PES: VERADEL 3100 US FP 6.5 Alumina CAHP-F24 0 13.1 Aerosil R972 19.7 Butyl acetate (BA) 3.9 Water 50.6 Moussex 7114HL 0.3 Sikkopal K0098FK 2.6 PEEK dispersion: F804 3.3 35% TOTAL 100 43% Results of the swift, hot blade and abrasion tests

[0339] [Tables8] SWIFT TEST Examples: Embossing, Hot Blade Abrasion, Number of cycles at the end of the test: 1 OK, No metal scratch, 80,000; 2 OK, No metal scratch, 120,000; 3 OK, No metal scratch, 60,000; 4 OK, No metal scratch, 140,000; 5 OK, No metal scratch, 30,000. COUNTER EXAMPLE 1 NOK, Metal scratch at 30 minutes, 7,000

Claims

1. Demands Coated heating element (1) for household appliances, comprising a metallic substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating (3) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises either several layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layers being made of - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight, of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and possibly one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); - one or more charge(s); - possibly one or more additive(s); - possibly one or more coloring agent(s); either a monolayer consisting of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), the remainder being selected from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50% by weight of one or more polymer(s) selected from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and mixtures thereof, the remainder being consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK(s)), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); - one or more filler(s); - optionally one or more additive(s); - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

2. Coated heating element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) is / are selected from the group consisting of polyetherketones (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketones (PEKK), polyetheretherketoneketones (PEEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketones (PEKEKK) and mixtures thereof.

3. Coated heating element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK is / are selected from the group consisting of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(arylethersulfones) polymer (PAES), and in particular polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), liquid crystal polymers and mixtures thereof.

4. Coated heating element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s) is / are selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimides (PI), polyamide imides (PAI) and polybenzymidazole (PBI) and their mixtures.

5. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) is / are selected from the group consisting of polymers obtained from organopolysiloxane polymeric or oligomeric precursors, either in the form of silicone oils of varying degree of branching, or in the form of silicone resins of varying degree of pre-crosslinking or copolymers of silicone resins such as silicone-polyester, silicone-alkyd, silicone-polyurethane, silicone-epoxy resins, or in the form of a mixture of silicone oils, silicone resins and copolymers of silicone resins.

6. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one of the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) present in each of the layers is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or a polyetherketoneketones (PEKK).

7. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK comprise polyethersulfone (PES) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

8. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) is / are a silicone oil or a copolymer of silicone resins.

9. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 60 wt% of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

10. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 70% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

11. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 60% by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures.

12. Coated heating element (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 70% by weight of one or more polymer(s) selected from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and mixtures thereof.

13. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made up of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase made up of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being made up of polyethersulfone (PES), and optionally of PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of polyethersulfone (PES), the remainder being made up of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and optionally of PTFE - one or more filler(s); - optionally one or more additive(s); - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

14. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made up of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being made up of a silicone oil, and possibly PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of a silicone oil, the remainder being made up of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and possibly PTFE - one or more filler(s); - possibly one or more additive(s); - possibly one or more coloring agent(s).

15. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the filler(s) is / are selected from the group consisting of ceramic and / or mineral and / or metallic and / or hydrophobic silica fillers and / or diamond particles.

16. Coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the coating (3) is a non-stick coating.

17. A method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims comprising the following successive steps: i. Supplying a metallic substrate (2) having a face (2a), ii. Optionally, pre-treating the face (2a) of said metallic substrate (2) intended to be coated, iii. applying the coating layer(s) (3) onto the face (2a), iv. baking the element obtained in step iii.

18. Method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that step iii is carried out by spraying, screen printing, roller application, electrostatic projection of the coating composition(s) in liquid or powder form of the coating layer(s) (3).

19. Method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 17, comprising a drying step between 80 and 150°C after application of each layer(s).

20. Method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 17 comprising a single final baking step iv of all the applied layers.

21. Method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 20, comprising a step of shaping said support (2) before or after step i or step iii.

22. Household article comprising a coated heating element (1) conforming to any one of claims 1 to 16 characterized in that it is a cooking article and in that the face (3b) of the coating (3) is capable of receiving food.

23. Culinary article according to claim 22 selected from the group consisting of saucepan, frying pan, fondue or raclette pan, stockpot, wok, sauté pan, crepe pan, grill, plancha, pot, casserole dish, cooker or bread machine bowl, and culinary mold.

24. Electric cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1), characterized in that said coated heating element (1) conforms to any one of claims 1 to 16.

25. Electric cooking appliance according to claim 24, selected from the group consisting of electric crepe maker, electric raclette appliance, electric fondue appliance, electric grill, electric griddle, electric cooker, bread machine, electric pressure cooking appliance.

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