Method of producing a food product for domestic animals, as well as the food product thus produced

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an intermediate and / or final pet food product, comprising: supplying a first type of organic secondary stream, a second type of organic secondary stream, and a third type of organic secondary stream; reducing said organic secondary streams, thereby obtaining reduced organic secondary streams, in which the reduced organic secondary streams have a homogeneous particle size of at least 0.5 cm and at most 10 cm; and dosing, drying, and mixing the reduced organic secondary streams. The invention also relates to an intermediate and / or final pet food product manufactured using the first aspect of the invention.Finally, the invention relates to a use of the food product according to the first or second aspect of the invention as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals, preferably for dogs and / or cats.

Description

Title of the invention: Method for producing a food product for domestic animals, as well as the food product thus produced Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals, preferably dogs and / or cats.

[0002] In a second aspect, the invention also relates to an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals produced using the method of the first aspect of the invention.

[0003] In a third aspect, the invention also relates to a use of the food product as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals. STATE OF THE ART

[0004] One-third of food is lost each year, with consumers responsible for the majority. Together with the food industry, retailers, and wholesalers, this accounts for nearly a quarter of food waste. Currently, a maximum of 80 to 90 percent of this food is processed and / or reused as feed for fermentation plants, composting, or animal feed.

[0005] Food waste, such as food scraps from households, restaurants and bakeries, is considered low-value waste whose recycling does not necessarily lead to economical products. Therefore, food waste is generally used to decompose in order to obtain biological products such as fertilizers and biogas. The problem with these applications is that they do not use the nutritional value of food waste. To exploit the nutritional value of food waste, it is used as pet food. It is then important to pay close attention to the composition of the food and the way it is produced, since the welfare of pets is closely linked to their diet. Indeed, an appropriate food composition for pets guarantees the supply of necessary nutrients..

[0006] This type of food is known in particular from US patent US20110281003A1. A method and system are described for obtaining animal feed from food scraps. The method and system comprise dehydrating the food waste. The dehydrated food waste are ground and mixed with one or more nutrients according to the animal's needs. Then, a mixture of food waste and one or more nutrients is extruded to obtain a plurality of pellets having a predetermined consistency. The plurality of pellets obtained after extrusion are cut to obtain the required shape and size for a pellet. Then, the plurality of pellets are conditioned by adding one or more fats, minerals and vitamins to the plurality of pellets.

[0007] A problem in many companies is the low quality of the available side streams. This low quality is due to the lack of any form of stability of the side streams (e.g., nutritional value, volume, consistency, physical properties, etc.), which makes use impossible. A known solution is to mix the lower and higher quality side streams. However, one of the problems with such methods known in the prior art is the formation of a very inconsistent final product, especially when typical batch processing techniques are used. Therefore, the side streams cannot be mixed uniformly. An analysis carried out on the resulting product will therefore give very different results.One problem with processing food waste into animal feed, however, is that inconsistent products are created when using typical batch processing techniques. This is because in batch processing, smaller quantities of food waste are processed each time. Therefore, the food waste cannot be mixed uniformly. Therefore, an analysis of the final product formed on one day may differ significantly from a product formed on another day, or even from a product formed on the same day in a different batch.

[0008] Another problem associated with the processing of secondary streams is that they generally have a high moisture and water content. To minimize the amount of moisture and water in the final product, these products are often mixed with solid and / or dry secondary streams. Alternatively, or in addition to the above, various drying techniques can also be used. US Patent US 5,976,594 describes, for example, such drying of residual streams. A major disadvantage of these drying techniques is the frequent ignition of the secondary stream to be dried. This not only creates a very dangerous situation for personnel, but can also cause significant material damage, particularly to the drying plant.

[0009] Another problem associated with these current feeds and / or methods is that they mainly comprise pure raw materials that are mixed with food waste, which is unfavorable for the affordability and sustainability of pet food production. Indeed, these raw materials must generally be produced on a large scale, resulting in increased production costs and environmental impact. In addition, reliance on these pure raw materials can lead to a decrease in biodiversity and a dependence on specific raw materials and regions. It is therefore important to develop a feed that is less dependent on pure raw materials, based on local and sustainable sources, easy to process, and meets the needs of pets.

[0010] There is therefore a need for efficient use of food waste to obtain animal feed and a method for obtaining a homogeneous food product from secondary streams, which are suitable for use as animal feed. Therefore, there is a need to integrate an economical method and system for obtaining, from food waste, animal feed with good nutritional value. In particular, there is a need for a method for obtaining such a dry food product safely, i.e. without combustion. The present invention aims to solve at least some of the aforementioned problems or disadvantages. Summary of the invention

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method of producing an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals as described in the application.

[0012] However, after a thorough study by the inventors, it appears that a more qualitative reuse of at least a part of these secondary flows is possible. A more qualitative use of secondary flows makes it possible to reduce waste, reduce costs and increase the revenues of companies, thus significantly improving their competitive position.

[0013] Preferred embodiments are presented in the remainder of the text.

[0014] The method comprises the careful formulation and production of the food product from a plurality of different types of side streams to ensure uniform quality and composition. The diet of the pets is thus consistent and can promote their long-term health. The present invention is advantageous due to a safe drying technique which in particular prevents ignition of the side streams. Furthermore, the present invention is advantageous due to a flexible dosing device which reliably and consistently delivers a dry and homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product. The dosing device also allows for tailor-made production, thus enabling the delivery of tailor-made side streams.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals obtained according to the method described in the first aspect.

[0016] Preferred embodiments of the food product are described further in the text.

[0017] The pet food product provides a good balance of nutrients to support the overall health and well-being of pets. The product can contribute to the growth and immune system of pets, while reducing the need to separately purchase and process different ingredients in pet food. Production costs can thus be reduced.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a use of the food product according to the second aspect, or of the method according to the first aspect, as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals, preferably for dogs and / or cats.

[0019] This use results in a qualitative reuse of at least a portion of said secondary streams. A more qualitative use of secondary streams allows for waste reduction, lower costs and increased revenues for companies, thus significantly improving their competitive position. The food product will meet the nutritional needs of pets and promote their health. By providing a good balance of nutrients, the food product can contribute to the growth, immune system and general well-being of pets. It can also reduce the need to separately purchase and process different ingredients, especially pure raw materials, in pet food, thereby reducing production costs.Because the nutritional product is carefully formulated and produced, it can have uniform quality and composition, which makes pet nutrition consistent and can promote their long-term health.

[0020] Other advantages, embodiments and preferred embodiments of the invention are presented below in the detailed description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Unless otherwise stated, all terms used in the description of the invention, including technical and scientific terms, are used in the sense as generally understood by those skilled in the technical field of the invention. For a better judgment of the description of the invention, the following terms are explicitly explained.

[0022] "Un", "une", "le", "la" and "les" refer in this document to both the singular and the plural except where the context clearly requires otherwise. "A segment" means, for example, one or more segments.

[0023] When "about" or "roughly" is used herein, a measurable quantity, parameter, duration or moment etc. means variations of + / -20% or less, preferably + / -10% or less, more preferably + / -5% or less, even more preferably + / -1% or less, and even more preferably + / -0.1% or less of the cited value, as long as such variations apply to the above invention. However, the value of the quantity with which the term "about" or "roughly" is used, must itself be specifically expressed.

[0024] The terms "comprise", "comprising", "composed of", "composed of", "intended to", "comprise", "comprising", "contain", "containing" are synonyms and are inclusive or open terms indicating the presence of the following, and not excluding or preventing other components, features, elements, members, phases, known to or described in the prior art.

[0025] Quoting numerical intervals by means of endpoints includes all integers, fractions and / or real numbers between the endpoints, including those endpoints.

[0026] "Proteins" are a class of biological molecules composed of polymeric chains of "amino acids." Proteins are essential nutrients that living organisms can break down into amino acids for use as building blocks and fuel. "Amino acids" are organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins. Some amino acids are essential for domestic animals because they are necessary for certain metabolic functions, but cannot be synthesized by the animal itself.

[0027] "Oils" and "fats" are a class of biological molecules composed of a sequence of "fatty acids". The energy density of oils and fats is high, making them a very good source of energy. Some fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, play an essential role in various metabolic functions, including the proper functioning of the central nervous system.

[0028] "Vitamins" are organic compounds that play an essential role for domestic animals and cannot be synthesized by the animal itself.

[0029] The term "minerals" refers to components that are essential for various metabolic functions of domestic animals, but are only needed in small amounts.

[0030] The terms "nutrients" and "nutritive substances" are synonyms and refer to the substances used by a domestic animal to survive, grow and reproduce. They play a crucial role in various processes, such as assimilation tissues and the animal's energy intake. Nutrient requirements are different for each animal.

[0031] The term "wt%" as used herein means weight percent, a unit of measurement that indicates the proportion of a mixture or solution composed of a given substance, expressed as a percentage of the total weight.

[0032] In a first aspect, the invention relates to a method of producing an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals.

[0033] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: a. providing a first type of organic secondary stream, a second type of organic secondary stream and a third type of organic secondary stream, wherein: i. the first type of organic side stream comprises protein-rich by-products, the first type of organic side stream having a protein content of at least 10% by weight; ii. the second type of organic side stream comprises fat-rich by-products, the second type of organic side stream having a fat content of at least 10% by weight, the fat-rich by-products comprising omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids; iii. the third type of organic secondary stream includes products rich in minerals and / or vitamins and / or fiber, excluding grapes and products of the allium genus; b. reducing the size of said organic secondary streams, thereby obtaining reduced organic secondary streams, the reduced organic secondary streams having a homogeneous particle size of at least 0.5 cm and at most 10 cm; c. drying one or more reduced organic side streams, the drying being carried out in a rotary drum dryer and / or a belt dryer, the drying of the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer being carried out for a residence time of at least 10 minutes; d. mixing and dosing of reduced organic side streams, thus obtaining a homogeneous food product with a dry matter protein content of at least 25% by weight.

[0034] In a second aspect, the invention relates to an intermediate or final food product for domestic animals obtained by the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0035] In a third aspect, the invention relates to a use of the food product according to the first or second aspect of the invention as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals.

[0036] A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the method according to a first aspect of the invention can be used to obtain an intermediate or final food product according to a second aspect of the invention. Furthermore, a person skilled in the art will also appreciate that the food product according to the first or second aspect of the invention can be used as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals. Therefore, in the following, all three aspects of the present invention will be discussed together. Furthermore, any feature, described above and below, may relate to any one of the three aspects, even if the feature is described in connection with a particular aspect of the present invention.

[0037] The term "intermediate food product" as used herein means an intermediate product that is used in the production of a final food product.

[0038] The term "final food product", as used herein, means a food that fully meets the nutritional needs of the domestic animal and may be its sole source of nutrition. It is intended to provide all the nutrients the animal needs for healthy growth and development and for the maintenance of bodily functions throughout its life. The final diet is specially designed to meet the needs of the animal based on various factors such as age, size, breed, activity level and health status. The final diet may consist of dry food, wet food or a combination of both.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the first step of the method comprises providing a first type of organic side stream, a second type of organic side stream and a third type of organic side stream.

[0040] The present invention relates to the processing of a plurality of organic side streams to obtain an intermediate and / or final food product. In particular, the organic side streams originate mainly from the food industry and / or the animal feed industry. More specifically, the aforementioned organic side streams originate mainly from the food industry.

[0041] The term "sidestream", as used herein, means a term known in the prior art, also referred to as "residual stream" or "waste stream", denoting a composition comprising products generated during a specific step of a production and / or processing chain. The term "organic sidestream", as used herein, means a term known in the state of the art, designating a secondary flow consisting mainly of substances of biological origin.

[0042] The term "food industry", as used herein, refers to a term known in the prior art, also referred to as "agri-food industry", referring to companies that process raw materials, such as agricultural products, among others, into foodstuffs or also into food products on an industrial scale. The term "animal feed industry", as used herein, refers to a term known in the prior art, referring to companies that process raw materials, such as agricultural products, among others, into animal feed on an industrial scale.

[0043] Preferably, it is a plurality of organic secondary streams essentially intended for animal and / or human food. Preferably, it is a plurality of organic secondary streams essentially intended for human food. In accordance with the above definitions, the secondary streams intended for human and animal food preferably designate one or more residues of fruit and vegetable remains; soy and derived products; sweets such as biscuits and chips; dairy products and derived products; flour and derived products; meat and derived products; pasta and derived products; flower bulbs, etc.

[0044] In order to obtain an intermediate and / or final food product in a continuous manner, several organic side streams originating, for example, from different companies in the food and feed sector must be combined. Preferably, the plurality of organic side streams comprises at least two residues of fruit and vegetable remains; soybeans and derived products; sweets such as biscuits and chips; dairy products and derived products; flour and derived products; meat and derived products; pasta and derived products; flower bulbs. Accordingly, at least two of the plurality of organic side streams have different average particle sizes. More preferably, at least one of the at least two of the plurality of organic side streams comprises an average particle size greater than the predetermined particle size limit.

[0045] The intermediate and / or final product obtained according to the present invention is preferably suitable for use as food for domestic animals and, in particular, for dogs and / or cats. Such qualitative use of organic secondary streams makes it possible to reduce waste, lower costs and increase the revenues of companies, thus considerably improving their competitive position.

[0046] Preferably, the first type of organic side stream comprises protein-rich by-products having a protein content of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 11% by weight, preferably at least 12% by weight, preferably at least 13% by weight, preferably at least 14% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 16% by weight, preferably at least 17% by weight, preferably at least 18% by weight, preferably at least 19% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 25% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight. The goal is to meet the amino acid needs of pets, and dogs in particular, and to achieve a protein content of approximately 25% of the dry matter in the finished product. To achieve this, products with a protein content as described above are targeted. Protein is an important nutritional ingredient in pet food due to the many functions it performs in the animal's body. Protein provides the building blocks for the growth and maintenance of tissues, such as muscles, bones, skin, coat, and internal organs. In addition, protein is necessary for the synthesis of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies, which are important for various body functions and defense against disease. Excessive protein consumption can lead to obesity, kidney problems, and other health problems in pets.For carnivorous pets such as dogs and cats, protein is also an important source of essential amino acids that the body cannot produce itself. Therefore, it is essential that pet food contains enough high-quality protein to meet the animal's nutritional needs. In general, dogs need all essential amino acids, that is, amino acids that the body cannot produce itself and must therefore be provided through food. The most important essential amino acids for dogs are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. High-quality protein, whether of animal or plant origin, can contain all the essential amino acids needed to meet a dog's needs.Proteins can therefore come from various secondary streams, for example, from animal products, such as milk and cheese, or from non-animal products. When it comes to protein-rich plant products, it is rare to be able to cover all needs with a single product, with the exception of soy. There are generally two options for meeting this protein need. First, a combination of cereal-rich products (such as wheat and rice) and legumes (such as peas, chickpeas, and peanuts) can be made to meet protein needs. Second, it . It is possible to look for meat substitutes suitable for vegetarian diets, as they are good sources of protein and generally meet amino acid requirements. Alternatively, other combinations can be made to meet the amino acid needs of pets.

[0047] Preferably, the second type of organic side stream comprises fat-rich by-products, the fat-rich by-products comprising omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids, the fat content of the side stream being at least 10%, preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 11%, preferably at least 12%, preferably at least 13% by weight, preferably at least 14% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 16% by weight, preferably at least 17% by weight, preferably at least 18% by weight, preferably at least 19% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 25% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight. This % by weight is chosen so that the intermediate and / or final food product contains an optimal % by weight of fat.Fat is an important nutritional component in pet food due to the various functions it performs in the animal's body. Fat provides the body with energy and facilitates the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Fat also plays an important role in regulating body temperature, protecting internal organs, and maintaining healthy skin and coat. In addition to fats in general, specific fatty acids are also important for the health of pets. Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 are necessary for the synthesis of cell membranes and hormones and play an important role in maintaining healthy skin and coat, supporting defenses against disease, and reducing inflammation.In pet food, it is important to provide the correct ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids. The weight % chosen is therefore optimal, as excessive fat consumption can lead to obesity and other health problems in pets.

[0048] Even more preferably, the fat-rich side streams comprise specific fatty acids, including linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, arachidone, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

[0049] Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid are essential fatty acids belonging to the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid family. They are not produced by the body of domestic animals and must therefore be provided through their diet. Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid are mainly found in side streams including nut and seed products, mainly in their oils. Secondary streams including oil by-products, such as possible frying oils, may also be of interest.

[0050] Arachidonic acid is a fatty acid from the omega-6 family. It is important for several bodily functions in pets, including inflammatory responses and cell growth. Arachidonic acid is essential for cats, meaning that it cannot be produced by the cat's body and must therefore be supplied through the diet. Arachidonic acid plays several important roles in the cat's body. One of the main functions of arachidonic acid is the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are important for several physiological processes in the cat's body, including inflammatory responses, blood clotting, and blood pressure regulation. In addition, arachidonic acid is important for the synthesis of other fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are important for the health of cats.Arachidonic acid deficiency can lead to several health problems in cats, including decreased fertility, stunted growth, skin problems, and a weakened immune system. Arachidonic acid is found in side streams including eggs and animal products.

[0051] EPA and DHA are omega-3 fatty acids found primarily in fish products, particularly fish oil. They are important for the health of pets and play a role in supporting defenses against disease, reducing inflammation, and maintaining healthy skin and coat.

[0052] Preferably, the third type of organic side stream comprises products rich in minerals and / or vitamins and / or fiber, excluding grapes and products of the allium genus. Minerals are important for various body functions, such as bone development, muscle contraction and nerve function. Vitamins are essential for various metabolic processes in the body, such as energy production, tissue growth and repair and immune function. Fiber plays an important role in maintaining good digestion, promoting healthy intestinal flora and reducing the risk of diseases such as obesity, diabetes and colon cancer. The necessary minerals, vitamins and fiber will come from side streams comprising fruits and vegetables.

[0053] However, it is important to note that not all foods are suitable for pets. Some foods, such as grapes and allium products, such as onions, garlic and leeks, can be harmful to pets and should not be included in their diet.

[0054] Grapes and therefore also raisins can be toxic to dogs and some other pets. Even small amounts of grapes or raisins can cause serious health problems in dogs, such as kidney failure. Allium products are harmful to pets due to the presence of certain compounds called thiosulfates, which can damage the animal's red blood cells and cause anemia. In dogs and cats, the consumption of onions, garlic or leeks, even in small amounts, can cause symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weakness, lethargy and dark urine. In the most severe cases, these symptoms can lead to anemia, respiratory problems and even death.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment, the first type of secondary stream, the second type of secondary stream and the third type of secondary stream have a methylxanthine content and a xylitol content not exceeding 0.05% by weight, preferably 0.04% by weight, more preferably 0.03% by weight, even more preferably 0.02% by weight and most preferably 0.01% by weight. Methylxanthine and xylitol are two substances that can be harmful to pets, hence the importance of keeping their weight % as low as possible or even avoiding them. Methylxanthine is a substance found in caffeine-containing products such as coffee, tea and chocolate. Methylxanthine can cause rapid heart rate, restlessness, tremors, vomiting and diarrhea in pets, especially dogs.In severe cases, it can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and even death. Xylitol is a sweetener often used in sugar-free chewing gum, candy, and baked goods. Xylitol is also found in some fruits such as berries. Xylitol can cause a sudden release of insulin in dogs, leading to a sudden drop in blood sugar levels, also known as hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia in dogs include vomiting, disorientation, lethargy, and coordination problems. In severe cases, xylitol poisoning can lead to liver failure and death.

[0056] According to an additional and / or alternative preferred embodiment, it is preferable to avoid side streams comprising alcohol (ethanol), macadamia nuts (and other nuts), coconut, coconut oil, citrus fruits, peppers, cinnamon, mushrooms and avocado. In addition, attention should be paid to the amount of cinnamon included in the side stream. This list of products is obviously not exhaustive.

[0057] Alcohol is harmful to pets because it can affect their nervous system, respiratory system, and other vital organs, causing various health problems. Pets are generally more sensitive to the effects of alcohol than humans because they have a lower body weight and their metabolism works differently than humans. When pets consume alcohol, it can be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the brain, where it can interfere with nerve cell function and impair breathing. This can lead to symptoms such as coordination problems, confusion, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of consciousness, breathing problems, and, in the most severe cases, coma or even death.It is therefore important to avoid side dishes that may contain alcohol, for example, sauces such as cocktail sauce, teriyaki sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and some salad dressings, soups, and some desserts such as cookies and cakes may contain a small amount of alcohol due to the use of extracts such as vanilla extract. Specifically, side dishes containing ethanol should be avoided. Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is toxic to pets because it can affect their nervous system and cause various health problems. When pets ingest ethanol, it can be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the brain, where it can interfere with the functioning of nerve cells.Symptoms of ethanol poisoning in pets include coordination problems, confusion, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of consciousness, and breathing problems. In severe cases, poisoning can lead to coma, seizures, and even death.

[0058] Macadamia nuts are toxic to pets due to their high fat content and their ability to cause acute inflammation of pancreatic tissue, which can lead to serious health problems in pets. The high fat content of macadamia nuts can irritate and inflame the pancreas of pets, releasing enzymes from the pancreas and damaging surrounding tissue. This can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and dehydration. Although macadamia nuts are not fatal to pets, symptoms of poisoning can be severe, and pets may require intensive medical care to recover. Other nuts such as almonds, cashews, walnuts, and others can also cause this effect.It is particularly important when processing a secondary flow from a . bakery, to ensure that it does not contain nuts, for example butter cakes containing nuts or nut bread.

[0059] Coconut and coconut oil contain oils that can cause stomach pain or diarrhea. Coconut water also contains a lot of potassium and is therefore best avoided when selecting side streams.

[0060] Citrus fruits are harmful to pets, especially dogs, because the skin and white peel of citrus fruits, such as oranges or lemons, can contain harmful compounds. If ingested in large quantities, they can cause irritation or even central nervous system disorders. A high concentration of citric acid is also harmful to the animal's digestive system. It is therefore best to avoid all side streams that include citrus fruits.

[0061] Bell pepper is another product that should be avoided in the selection of side streams because this vegetable contains a toxic substance, solanine. Solanine affects the nervous system, which can lead to respiratory problems and heart failure. In some cases of solanine poisoning, death can even occur.

[0062] Mushrooms, especially raw mushrooms, are also very difficult for pets to digest. On the one hand, mushrooms can cause stomach cramps and convulsions in the animal. On the other hand, they can also cause liver and kidney failure.

[0063] Avocados are toxic to pets due to a substance called persin, which is found in the fruit, leaves, rind, and pit of the avocado. If pets eat avocados, they can develop symptoms of poisoning, such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, breathing problems, fluid buildup in the chest cavity, and, in severe cases, death. The concentration of persin varies between fruits and species, so some avocados may contain more persin than others. Therefore, it is best to keep pets away from avocados and foods containing avocado to avoid the risk of poisoning.

[0064] Finally, you should also be careful with side streams containing cinnamon. Cinnamon contains a plant toxin, coumarin, a large amount of which is dangerous for a pet. Coumarin has a protective effect on the cinnamon tree. If a pet has ingested a large amount of cinnamon, it can suffer from liver and kidney problems, as well as hemorrhages. Coumarin can also be carcinogenic in large amounts. Cinnamon is a well-known spice in apple pies and other pastries, stews or possibly soups. Side streams containing a small amount of cinnamon are not really (directly) harmful, but care should be taken to avoid side streams containing large amounts of cinnamon when processing into a pet food product.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the first type of organic side stream comprises two or more sub-streams, of which at least one of the sub-streams of the first type of organic side stream is not dried. Some protein sources may be sensitive to high temperatures during the drying process. Heat can cause protein denaturation, meaning that the protein structure changes and functional properties are lost. By not drying at least one sub-stream, loss of the nutritional value of that particular protein source is avoided. In some cases, some organic side streams may already be available in dried form prior to processing. If these sources already have the desired level of dryness, there is no need to dry them again. Mixing such a dried sub-stream with the other side streams at the end of the process saves time and energy.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the third type of organic side stream comprises two or more sub-streams, of which at least one of the sub-streams of the third type of organic side stream is not dried. The main reasons for not drying at least one of the sub-streams of the third type of organic side stream are to avoid any nutritional loss and / or because these side streams may already be supplied dry. Avoiding nutritional loss is crucial because drying organic materials can sometimes result in the loss of valuable nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and fiber. By not drying at least one sub-stream, these important nutritional components can be preserved in their natural state, thus contributing to the overall nutritional value of the organic side stream. Furthermore, some sub-streams may already be supplied in a dry state.If these sub-streams are already in dry form, there is no point in drying them, which would only increase energy consumption and costs. By keeping these sub-streams undried, process efficiency can be improved and resources can be saved.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, in a second step of the method, said organic side streams are reduced, thereby obtaining reduced organic side streams. This size reduction constitutes a first step in obtaining a homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product. This reduction also makes it possible to avoid damage and wear to the equipment, in particular the drum dryer. The reduction of side streams, also known as crumbling, is very important. Indeed, one of the aspects The most important aspect of side stream drying is the reduction of the particle size of the side streams. This process is crucial for successful side stream drying and therefore involves reducing the particle size to achieve more uniform drying. Reducing the particle size increases the total surface area, making the drying process more efficient and reducing drying time. Another important benefit of crumbling is the improvement in the dosing of the different types of side streams. By reducing the particle size, the dosing becomes more accurate and the right amount of side stream can be added to the final food product. This is important because it will affect the quality and nutritional value of the intermediate and / or final food product. In addition, crumbling contributes to the homogeneity and mixing of the side streams.By reducing particle size, side streams are distributed more evenly throughout the intermediate and / or final food product, and clumping is avoided. Another important benefit of crumbling is the protection of proteins and fats in side streams. Proteins and fats are susceptible to damage during the drying process, which can lead to a decrease in the nutritional value and quality of the intermediate and / or final food product. By reducing particle size, they dry more quickly, moisture is extracted more quickly, which reduces the time proteins and fats are exposed to heat and air, thus better preserving their quality and nutritional value. Finally, crumbling contributes to the safety of the drying process.With larger particle sizes, hot spots can occur during drying, leading to combustion or even fire. By reducing the particle size, heat is distributed more evenly and the likelihood of hot spots occurring is reduced, making the drying process safer.

[0068] According to another preferred embodiment, the reduced organic side streams have a homogeneous particle size of at least 0.2 cm, preferably at least 0.3 cm, preferably at least 0.4 cm, preferably at least 0.5 cm, preferably at least 0.6 cm, preferably at least 0.7 cm, preferably at least 0.8 cm, preferably at least 0.9 cm, preferably at least 1.0 cm, preferably at least 2.0 cm, preferably at least 3.0 cm, preferably at least 4.0 cm, preferably at least 5.0 cm, preferably at least 6.0 cm, preferably at least 7.0 cm, preferably at least 8.0 cm, preferably at least 9.0 cm, preferably at least 10 cm.

[0069] According to another preferred embodiment, the reduced organic secondary streams have a homogeneous particle size of at most 50 cm, preferably at most 45 cm, preferably at most 40 cm, preferably at most 35 cm, preferably at most 30 cm, preferably at most 25 cm, preferably at most 20 cm, preferably at most 15 cm.

[0070] According to another preferred embodiment, the method comprises reducing at least one of the plurality of organic side streams, said organic side streams to be reduced having an average particle size greater than the predetermined particle size limit. The average particle size of each of the organic side streams can be determined by several techniques known in the art. Preferably, the average particle size is determined from sampling. According to one embodiment, the average particle size is determined based on the equivalent spherical diameter. According to another embodiment, the average particle size is determined based on laser diffraction.The choice of technique for determining the average particle size depends, among other things, on the particle size of a secondary stream or the irregularity with which the particles occur in a secondary stream. Other techniques known in the state of the art include sieving and dynamic light scattering.

[0071] According to a preferred embodiment, the reduction of organic side streams is carried out by one or more of the following methods: grinding, cutting, chopping or tearing. Combinations of these methods are also possible. Various devices known in the state of the art can be used for this purpose. These are, for example, a roller mill, an impact mill, a rotating drum equipped with pins or combs, etc.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment, in a third step, the reduced organic side streams are mixed and dried to obtain a homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product. Preferably, the drying and mixing are carried out in a rotary drum dryer and / or a belt dryer.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, the mixing and drying first take place in a drum dryer. The drying and mixing process of the drum dryer begins by loading the reduced organic side streams into the drum. The drum begins to rotate and, at the same time, hot air is introduced into the drum. The hot air circulates in the drum and comes into contact with the reduced organic side streams, reducing the moisture. At the end of the drum there is an outlet through which the used air and the removed moisture can be discharged. Preferably, the air then passes through several cyclone separators to dedust it. The dedusted air then passes into an afterburner before being discharged through a chimney.Drum dryers are available in various sizes and models, depending on the application, and can be customized with various options, such as heating elements, fans and . exhaust ports, to meet specific drying needs. This is an efficient and widely used technique for drying secondary streams. The advantages of this type of drying include higher energy efficiency than direct drying techniques, minimal energy loss at the gas outlet, the possibility of reusing waste heat obtained, for example, from a gas stream from a production process, minimal gas cleaning required for organic waste formed during drying, the possibility of using toxic or active substances as a heating medium, the possibility of operating under a modified atmosphere, as well as a reduced risk of ignition of a stream to be dried.

[0074] Preferably, the drying in the rotary drum dryer is carried out by heat exchange with a flow of heating fluid. The heating fluid may be air, water or steam, oil or a molten salt. It may also be a waste gas from, for example, a production process, a cooling process, a combustion process, etc. Heating fluids are generally characterized by one or more of the following characteristics: high thermal conductivity; high viscosity; high density, especially in a high temperature range; high flash point; non-toxic; non-explosive; low environmental impact, i.e. easy to degrade and purify in case of leakage, for example; ease of replacement, etc. Preferably, the first heating fluid is air, the second heating fluid may be any of the aforementioned fluids.Preferably, the second heating fluid is a residual gas.

[0075] Preferably, the drying and mixing of the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer is carried out continuously, i.e. the reduced organic side streams are fed continuously. Such a circuit can be considered as an essentially closed circuit. Alternatively, the drying and mixing of the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer can be carried out discontinuously, i.e. in batches.

[0076] Preferably, the method comprises indirectly drying and mixing the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer for a residence time of at least 5 minutes to obtain the homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product, more preferably a residence time of at least 8 minutes, more preferably a residence time of at least 10 minutes, more preferably a residence time of at least 12 minutes, more preferably a residence time of at least 14 minutes, more preferably a residence time of at least 15 minutes, more preferably a residence time of at least 20 minutes. The inventors note that these minimal residence times make it possible to avoid thermal shocks in a product to be dried, and therefore the carbonization of the product to be dried. Carbonization has a negative effect on the quality and nutritional value of the product to be dried.

[0077] Preferably, the method comprises indirect drying and mixing of the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer to obtain the homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product at a final temperature of at least 50°C, preferably a final temperature of at least 55°C, more preferably a final temperature of at least 60°C, more preferably a final temperature of at least 65°C, more preferably a final temperature of at least 70°C, more preferably a final temperature of at least 75°C and most preferably at least 85°C. This minimum final temperature is necessary to ensure sufficient mixing, in particular the mixing of products having a high melting temperature. Furthermore, this minimum temperature is necessary to obtain a homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product having a sufficiently low germ content.Such a germ content is necessary to ensure good microbiological stability of the product obtained when this product is intended to be used as animal feed, for example.

[0078] According to another preferred embodiment, one of the organic side streams has a germ content of at least 100,000 cfu / g, more preferably a germ content of at least 110,000 cfu / g, more preferably a germ content of at least 120,000 cfu / g, more preferably a germ content of at least 130,000 cfu / g, more preferably a germ content of at least 140,000 cfu / g and most preferably a germ content of at most 150,000 cfu / g. Such germ contents are associated with side streams, for example from the food and feed industry. Such high germ contents result in low microbial stability of a product and are therefore not suitable for use as food or feed. Therefore, this germ content must be reduced.

[0079] According to another preferred embodiment, the homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product obtained has a germ content of at most 50 cfu / g, more preferably at most 48 cfu / g, more preferably at most 46 cfu / g, more preferably at most 44 cfu / g, more preferably at most 42 cfu / g, more preferably at most 40 cfu / g, more preferably at most 38 cfu / g, more preferably at most 36 cfu / g, more preferably at most 34 cfu / g, more preferably at most 32 cfu / g, more preferably at most 30 cfu / g, more preferably at most 28 cfu / g, more preferably at most 26 cfu / g, more preferably at most 24 cfu / g, more preferably at most 22 cfu / g, more preferably at most 20 cfu / g, more preferably at most 18 cfu / g, more preferably at most 16 cfu / g, more preferably at most 14 cfu / g, more preferably still not more than 12 cfu / g, most preferably not more than 10 cfu / g. Such low germ contents result in high microbiological stability of the resulting homogeneous intermediate and / or final food product. Therefore, such homogeneous intermediate and / or final food products are highly suitable for use as human and / or animal food.

[0080] "Germ content", as used herein, is a term known in the prior art, designating the number of colony forming units (CFU) or bacterial germs present on a product. The germ content can be determined by depositing a small quantity of the product to be tested on a Petri dish with a selective culture medium and storing it at certain temperatures, depending on the type of bacteria expected. After a few days, the colonies formed are counted. Indeed, each living bacterial germ has then formed a colony. If many bacteria are present, it is necessary to first carry out a series of dilutions. For this purpose, the sample is diluted in physiological saline solution. A series of dilutions then makes it possible to create a countable quantity.

[0081] According to a preferred embodiment, the rotary drum dryer has an air inlet temperature of at least 150°C, preferably at least 160°C, preferably at least 170°C, preferably at least 180°C, preferably at least 190°C, preferably at least 200°C.

[0082] According to a preferred embodiment, the rotary drum dryer has an air inlet temperature of at most 400°C, preferably at most 390°C, preferably at most 380°C, preferably at most 370°C, preferably at most 360°C, preferably at most 350°C, preferably at most 340°C, preferably at most 330°C, preferably at most 320°C, preferably at most 310°C, preferably at most 300°C.

[0083] According to another preferred embodiment, the rotary drum dryer has an inlet temperature of between at least 150°C and at most 400°C and, in particular, between at least 150°C and at most 350°C. The proposed optimal air inlet temperature is intended to optimize the efficiency of the drying process and improve the quality of the final product. A higher air inlet temperature can result in faster drying of the product and a shorter residence time in the dryer, thereby increasing the product throughput and reducing overall process costs. In addition, higher temperatures can facilitate the drying of certain types of products with high moisture content.On the other hand, too high an air inlet temperature can also have negative effects on the quality of the final product, such as loss of nutrients, aroma, color and texture, and it can lead to excessive heat load on the dryer as well as wear and tear on the equipment. Therefore, the proposed optimal inlet temperature can provide a good balance. between high drying efficiency and maintaining the quality of the final product and equipment.

[0084] According to a preferred embodiment, the drying is carried out at an oxygen concentration of at most 20% by weight, more preferably at most 19% by weight, more preferably at most 18% by weight, more preferably at most 17% by weight, more preferably at most 16% by weight, more preferably at most 15% by weight, more preferably at most 14% by weight, more preferably at most 13% by weight and most preferably at most 12% by weight. Such a reduced oxygen concentration has the advantage of preventing the product to be dried from catching fire. Such a change in the atmosphere during drying is only possible with indirect drying.

[0085] According to a preferred embodiment, the rotary drum dryer is equipped with a gas outlet connected to an integrated afterburner for purifying organic waste formed during drying. Preferably, the rotary drum dryer is equipped with an air extraction system. Preferably, the rotary drum dryer is equipped with a gas outlet. More preferably, the gas outlet is integrated with the air extraction system of the rotary drum dryer. More preferably, the gas outlet is connected to an integrated afterburner for purifying waste formed during drying, in particular organic waste formed, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

[0086] VOCs are the collective name for a group of substances that evaporate easily and have a vapor pressure of, among other things, more than 0.01 kPa at 20°C. Propylene glycol is the starting point, with a vapor pressure of 0.013 kPa at 20°C. More specifically, VOCs have a lower retention time than tetradecane (C14H30). Volatile organic compounds decompose in the atmosphere under the influence of UV rays and OH radicals, among other things. Under certain conditions, these transformations lead to the formation of ozone, which has a harmful effect on health (but also, for example, on plant growth) and, higher in the atmosphere, an effect on global warming. Since 2007, the European Union has limited the amount of volatile organic compounds in paints. VOC emissions from motor vehicles have been regulated for some time now.The European Union has also concluded agreements on VOC emissions from the chemical industry and gas stations. These VOCs are released during the drying process.

[0087] According to a preferred embodiment, the drying is also carried out in a belt dryer. The belt drying process begins by loading the reduced organic side streams onto the belt. The belt then passes through the heating sections, exposing the reduced organic side streams to heat. This helps reduce product moisture and improve product quality. Heating can be provided by various types of heat sources, such as electric heaters, steam heads, or heat exchangers. The belt is often made of a heat-resistant material, such as stainless steel, and is designed to firmly support the products as they pass through the heating sections. Belt dryers are available in various sizes and models, depending on the application, and can be customized with various options, such as heating elements, fans, and drainage holes, to meet specific drying needs.

[0088] According to a preferred embodiment, the drying of the organic side streams is carried out in the belt dryer for a residence time of at least 35 minutes, preferably at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 45 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, preferably at least 60 minutes, preferably at least 70 minutes, preferably at least 80 minutes, preferably at least 90 minutes, preferably at least 100 minutes, preferably at least 150 minutes. The inventors note that these minimum residence times make it possible to avoid thermal shocks in a product to be dried, preventing carbonization of the product to be dried. Carbonization has a negative effect on the quality and nutritional value of the product to be dried.

[0089] According to a preferred embodiment, the belt dryer has an air temperature of at least 35°C, preferably at least 40°C, preferably at least 45°C, preferably at least 50°C.

[0090] According to a preferred embodiment, the belt dryer has an air temperature of at most 95°C, preferably at most 90°C, preferably at most 85°C, preferably at most 80°C, preferably at most 75°C, preferably at most 70°C. A higher air temperature allows the moisture content of the material passing through the belt dryer to be reduced more quickly, thereby reducing drying time and increasing production efficiency.

[0091] According to another preferred embodiment, the belt dryer has an air temperature of between at least 35°C and at most 95°C and, in particular, between at least 40°C and at most 90°C. Such an air temperature is necessary to ensure adequate drying. Using the proposed optimal air temperature can help maintain the quality of the final product by minimizing the material degradation process. Optimizing the air temperature in the belt dryer saves energy by reducing drying time and increasing drying efficiency. Finally, having a belt dryer with a wide range of air temperature options allows the machine to be adapted to the different types of materials processed by the belt dryer and the specific drying needs they present.

[0092] According to a preferred embodiment, the belt dryer has an energy source, which energy source uses the waste heat from the rotary drum dryer. The use of the waste heat allows less energy to be consumed for the drying process, which results in reduced energy costs and CO2 emissions. In addition, the use of the waste heat from the rotary drum dryer allows the belt dryer to operate more efficiently and ensure a constant and consistent temperature. This makes the drying process faster, which results in increased productivity and reduced product losses. The sustainability of the drying process is also improved, as it reduces the amount of energy required to carry out the drying process. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.Finally, secondary flow treatment companies can thus save on the purchase of additional fuel or energy.

[0093] According to a preferred embodiment, in a fourth step of the method, the reduced organic side streams are dosed, the dosing being adapted to provide organic side streams in order to obtain a homogeneous food product having a dry matter protein content of at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 21% by weight, preferably at least 22% by weight, preferably at least 23% by weight, preferably at least 24% by weight, preferably of at least 25% by weight, preferably of at least 26% by weight, preferably of at least 27% by weight, preferably of at least 28% by weight, preferably of at least 29% by weight, preferably of at least 30% by weight, preferably of at least 35% by weight, preferably of at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 45% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight. This optimal protein content in pet food is important because protein is essential for the health and growth of animals. Protein is the building block of muscles, organs, skin, hair, and other tissues in the animal's body. In addition, protein plays an important role in regulating bodily processes such as the immune system, hormone production, and metabolism. It is important that animals receive the right amount of protein in their diet, depending on their species, age, and activity level. Too much or too little protein can lead to health problems. For example, if a dog or cat does not get enough protein, it can lead to muscle loss, weight loss, decreased immunity, and other health problems.On the other hand, excessive protein intake can lead to kidney problems or obesity, for example.

[0094] The term "dry matter protein content" as used herein refers to the protein content of the diet, regardless of the amount of water it contains. This can be useful to veterinarians and pet owners in determining whether a particular food is suitable for their pet and to help them determine the correct amount of food.

[0095] According to a preferred embodiment, the dosing takes place in a rotary drum dryer of the reduced organic secondary streams at an inlet temperature of between at least 1°C and at most 40°C.

[0096] Preferably, the inlet temperature is at least 1°C, preferably at least 2°C, preferably at least 3°C, preferably at least 4°C, preferably at least 5°C, preferably at least 6°C, preferably at least 7°C, preferably at least 8°C, preferably at least 9°C, preferably at least 10°C, preferably at least 11°C, preferably at least 12°C, preferably at least 13°C, preferably at least 14°C, preferably at least 15°C, preferably at least 16°C, preferably at least 17°C, preferably at least 18°C, preferably at least 19°C, preferably at least 20°C.

[0097] Preferably, the inlet temperature is at most 40°C, preferably at most 39°C, preferably at most 38°C, preferably at most 37°C, preferably at most 36°C, preferably at most 35°C, preferably at most 34°C, preferably at most 33°C, preferably at most 32°C, preferably at most 31°C, preferably at most 30°C, preferably at most 29°C, preferably at most 28°C, preferably at most 27°C, preferably at most 26°C, preferably at most 25°C.

[0098] Preferably, the method comprises dosing, in a rotary drum dryer, reduced side streams and other organic side streams at an inlet temperature of between 1 and 40°C, preferably between 3 and 39°C, more preferably between 5 and 38°C, more preferably between 7 and 37°C, more preferably between 9 and 36°C, more preferably between 10 and 35°C, more preferably between 11 and 34°C, more preferably between 12 and 33°C, more preferably 13 and 32°C, of preferably still between 14°C and 31°C, more preferably still between 15°C and 30°C, preferably still between 16°C and 29°C, more preferably still between 17°C and 28°C, preferably still between 18°C ​​and 27°C, more preferably still between 19°C and 26°C, the preferably between 20°C and 25°C.

[0099] According to another embodiment, the reduced organic side streams are first dried after reduction and then metered. By first drying the side streams before metering them, the moisture content can be precisely controlled. Drying removes excess moisture from the side streams, so that the final product will have a specific moisture content suitable for the formulation of the pet food. This improves the stability and shelf life of pet food. By first drying side streams before dosing, the physical properties of the material are improved. For example, drying helps reduce clumping, agglomeration, or stickiness of the material, improving flow and handling in the pet food production process. This is especially important when using automated systems or handling large quantities of material. Some nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins, can be sensitive to high temperatures or prolonged heating. By drying first before dosing, nutrient loss can be minimized, allowing the final product to remain nutritious for pets.By first drying the side streams before dosing them, microbiological growth can be better controlled. Drying side streams helps reduce moisture, thus limiting the growth of microorganisms. By dosing side streams after drying, surviving microorganisms can be better inactivated during further processing, such as pelletizing or extrusion.

[0100] According to another embodiment, the reduced organic side streams are first metered and then dried. This order is applied for several reasons, aimed at optimizing efficiency, uniformity, moisture control and quality of the final product. An important reason for metering the side streams first before drying them is the efficient use of the drying equipment. By metering the material into the dryer first, the available space can be used efficiently. This increases production efficiency allowing a larger quantity of material to be dried in a single drying cycle. This saves time and energy in the drying process. In addition, the order of metering then drying contributes to a better uniformity of the drying process. Metering the reduced organic side streams ensures a uniform distribution of the material in the drying equipment.As a result, all particles are exposed evenly to the drying conditions, resulting in more uniform drying of the material. This contributes to better quality control of the final product and reduces variability between different batches. Another important consideration is the management of moisture content and drying time. By dosing first and drying later, the moisture content of the side streams can be better controlled. Dosing the material before exposing it to drying conditions allows the operator to accurately measure the moisture content and adjust it if necessary. This allows for better control of the drying process and time, resulting in more consistent drying and a better moisture balance in the final product. Finally, the order of dosing first and drying later helps prevent clumping or agglomeration of the material. The reduced organic side streams ensure uniform distribution of the material before exposing it to drying conditions. This prevents clumping and agglomeration, improving material flow and resulting in a homogeneous final product. This contributes to flexible processing and storage of pet food.

[0101] According to another embodiment, the reduced organic side streams are first dosed after reduction, then dried, before being dosed again. Double dosing allows for more precise dosing. This can be advantageous when working with different types of side streams that may have varying properties, such as moisture content, texture, or particle size. Drying the organic side streams after the initial dosing can be advantageous from an operational perspective. It can help make the drying process more efficient, as the amount of material to be dried can be better controlled. In addition, drying after the first dosing can shorten the drying time, as the side streams have already been dosed in smaller quantities. This can result in improved productivity and more efficient use of the drying equipment.Drying organic side streams after the first dosing can contribute to better quality control and nutrient retention. By dosing the side streams first, any deviations in the composition or properties of the co-products can be detected and remedied before the drying process. Redosing dried side streams after the drying process can have advantages in terms of product properties. For example, nutrients such as heat-sensitive proteins, vitamins, or minerals can be dosed after the drying process to minimize the negative effects of heat on these nutrients. In addition, redosing after drying can achieve a homogeneous mixture and prevent clumping, which is beneficial for further processing and storage of pet food.

[0102] The choice of the order of dosing and drying depends heavily on the characteristics of the incoming organic side streams. It is essential to evaluate the properties of the side streams to determine the most appropriate order. Several factors play a role here, such as the degree of humidity, physical and chemical properties and the presence of nutrients.

[0103] For example, for secondary streams in dry powder form, drying may not be necessary because they already have a low moisture content. In this case, it may be more advantageous to dose the secondary streams directly after reduction, without additional drying steps. This reduces the processing time and preserves the initial properties of the powdered material. Wet secondary streams, on the other hand, generally need to be dried to reduce their moisture content. Moisture. The drying process can make side streams more suitable for further processing and storage. By drying first and then dosing, moisture levels can be better controlled and adjusted to the desired specifications. This contributes to the stability, shelf life, and ease of processing of pet food.

[0104] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a dry matter content of at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 81% by weight, preferably at least 82% by weight, preferably at least 83% by weight, preferably at least 84% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 86% by weight, preferably at least 87% by weight, preferably at least 88% by weight, preferably at least 89% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 91% by weight, preferably at least 92% by weight, preferably at least 93% by weight, preferably at least 94% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight.

[0105] A higher dry matter content means there are more nutrients per serving, making the pet food more nutritious. This can be especially important for pets that require a lot of energy, such as working dogs or cats that are often outdoors. A higher dry matter content can also mean that the pet food has a longer shelf life, as there is less moisture in which bacteria and mold can grow.

[0106] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a particle size of at most 50 mm, preferably at most 45 mm, preferably at most 40 mm, preferably at most 35 mm, preferably at most 30 mm, preferably at most 25 mm, preferably at most 20 mm, preferably at most 15 mm, preferably at most 10 mm, preferably at most 9 mm, preferably at most 8 mm, preferably at most 7 mm, preferably at most 6 mm, preferably at most 5 mm, preferably at most 4 mm, preferably at most 3 mm, preferably at most 2 mm. First of all, the particle size of the intermediate and / or final food product is very important for the further processing of the intermediate food product. Additionally, it can impact the digestibility and absorption of nutrients by the pet.By optimizing the particle size of the feed product and adapting it to specific animal species and their nutritional needs, the digestibility of the feed can be improved and nutrients can be better absorbed by the animal. This can improve the health, growth and performance of the animal. In addition, a more uniform particle size can also help reduce behavior. selective feeding of domestic animals, which eat only certain particulate foods and abandon other particulate foods.

[0107] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a dry matter protein content of at least 20%, preferably at least 21%, preferably at least 22%, preferably at least 23%, preferably at least 24%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 26%, preferably at least 27%, preferably at least 28%, preferably at least 29%, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 35%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 45%, preferably at least 50%. This optimal protein content in pet food is important because proteins are essential for the health and growth of animals. Proteins are the building blocks of muscles, organs, skin, hair and other tissues in the animal's body.Protein also plays an important role in regulating bodily processes such as the immune system, hormone production, and metabolism. It is important that animals receive the right amount of protein in their diet, depending on their species, age, and activity level. Too much or too little protein can lead to health problems. For example, if a dog or cat does not get enough protein, it can lead to muscle loss, weight loss, decreased immunity, and other health problems. On the other hand, excessive protein intake can lead to kidney problems or obesity, for example.

[0108] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a density of at least 400 kg / m3, preferably at least 450 kg / m3, preferably at least 500 kg / m3, preferably at least 550 kg / m3, preferably at least 560 kg / m3, preferably at least 570 kg / m3, preferably at least 580 kg / m3, preferably at least 590 kg / m3, preferably at least 600 kg / m3, preferably at least 610 kg / m3, preferably at least 620 kg / m3, preferably at least 630 kg / m3, preferably at least 640 kg / m3, preferably at least 650 kg / m3.

[0109] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a density of at most 900 kg / m3, preferably at most 850 kg / m3, preferably at most 800 kg / m3, preferably at most 750 kg / m3, preferably at most 740 kg / m3, preferably at most 730 kg / m3, preferably at most 720 kg / m3, preferably at most 710 kg / m3, preferably at most 700 kg / m3, preferably at most 690 kg / m3, preferably at most 680 kg / m3, preferably at most 670 kg / m3, preferably at most 660 kg / m3.

[0110] According to a preferred embodiment, the food product has a density of between at least 400 kg / m3 and at most 900 kg / m3, preferably between at least 450 kg / m3 and at most 850 kg / m3, and in particular between at least 500 kg / m3 and at most 800 kg / m3. Density is very important because it influences the nutritional value and diet of the animal. A higher density means that more nutrients are present per unit volume, so the animal may need to eat less to meet its nutritional needs. This helps to better control the animal's weight and prevent overeating and obesity. In addition, the density of pet food also influences the consistency of the animal's feces. Too low a density can result in stools that are too bulky, while too high a density can result in stools that are too compact. The optimal density proposed therefore contributes to healthy digestion and proper absorption of nutrients by the animal's body.

[0111] In the following, the invention will be described with the aid of non-limiting examples illustrating the invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and should not be construed as such. EXAMPLES

[0112] The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of the following example, without however being limited thereto. EXAMPLE 1

[0113] Example 1 relates to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] The organic secondary streams to be dried according to the present invention are residues from the food industry. In particular, these residues concern: i. a first type of organic secondary flow: cereal residues (wheat, rice) with an average particle size of 1 cm and meat substitute residues with a particle size varying between 0.5 and 8 cm; ii. a second type of organic secondary stream: residues of nut and seed products with an average particle size of 2 cm, residues of fishery products with a particle size varying between 0.5 and 6 cm and residues of animal products with an average particle size varying between 0.5 and 9 cm; and iii. a third type of organic secondary flow: vegetable and fruit residues with a particle size varying between 0.5 and 10 cm;

[0115] Secondary streams having an average particle size greater than 1 cm were separately reduced by various techniques, including grinding, cutting, chopping or tearing.

[0116] After reduction, the various secondary streams were dosed in a rotary drum dryer at 20°C. In this drum dryer, the secondary streams were dried and mixed for a residence time of approximately 15 minutes to obtain a homogeneous final product at approximately 80°C with 10 cfu / g.

[0117] The operational parameters of the drum dryer are as follows: - first heating fluid: air at 250°C; - second heating fluid: exhaust gas from an incinerator at approximately 850°C; - diameter: 3.0 m; - rotation speed: 5-8 rotations / min; - about 10-12% by weight of oxygen; and - integrated afterburner.

[0118] It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and that certain modifications or changes may be made to the examples described without affecting the added claims.

Claims

1. Claims A method of producing an intermediate and / or final pet food product, comprising: - providing a first type of organic secondary stream, a second type of organic secondary stream and a third type of organic secondary stream, wherein: i. the first type of organic side stream comprises protein-rich by-products, the first type of organic side stream having a protein content of at least 10% by weight; ii. the second type of organic side stream comprises fat-rich by-products, the second type of organic side stream having a fat content of at least 10% by weight, the fat-rich by-products comprising omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids; iii. the third type of organic secondary stream includes products rich in minerals and / or vitamins and / or fiber, excluding grapes and products of the allium genus; - reducing the size of said organic secondary streams, thereby obtaining reduced organic secondary streams, the reduced organic secondary streams having a homogeneous particle size of at least 0.5 cm and at most 10 cm; - drying one or more reduced organic side streams, the drying being carried out in a rotary drum dryer and / or a belt dryer, the drying of the reduced organic side streams in the rotary drum dryer and / or the belt dryer being carried out for a residence time of at least 10 minutes; - mixing and dosing of reduced organic side streams, thus obtaining a homogeneous food product with a dry matter protein content of at least 25% by weight.

2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the first type of organic secondary stream comprises two or more sub-streams, at least one of the sub-streams of the first type of organic secondary stream being undried.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the third type of organic secondary stream comprises two or more sub-streams, of which at least one of the sub-streams of the third type of organic secondary stream is not dried.

4. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reduction of the organic secondary streams is carried out by one or more grindings, cuttings, choppings or tearings.

5. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dosing takes place in the rotary drum dryer of the reduced organic side streams at an inlet temperature of between at least 1 °C and at most 40 °C.

6. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rotary drum dryer has an air inlet temperature of between at least 150°C and at most 350°C.

7. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drying in the rotary drum dryer takes place at an oxygen concentration not exceeding 15% by weight.

8. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotary drum dryer is provided with a gas outlet connected to an integrated afterburner for the purification of organic waste formed during drying.

9. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the drying of the organic secondary streams is carried out in the belt dryer for a residence time of at least 40 minutes.

10. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the belt dryer has an air temperature between at least 40°C and at most 90°C.

11. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the belt dryer has an energy source, which uses the residual heat of the rotary drum dryer.

12. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first type of secondary flow, the second secondary stream type and the third secondary stream type have a methylxanthine content and a xylitol content not exceeding 0.05% by weight.

13. An intermediate and / or final pet food product manufactured by a method according to claims 1 to 19

14. IZr. The food product according to claim 13, characterized in that the food product has a dry matter content of at least 85% by weight.

15. The food product according to one of the preceding claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the food product has a particle size not exceeding 10 mm.

16. The food product according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the food product has a dry matter protein content of at least 25% by weight.

17. The food product according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the food product has a density between at least 500 kg / m3 and at most 800 kg / m3.

18. A use of the food product according to one of claims 13 to 17 produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 12 as an intermediate and / or final food product for domestic animals, preferably for dogs and / or cats.