Prefabricated building panel

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated construction panel (1), particularly for building facades, said panel (1) being defined by at least one external face (FE) and one internal face (FI), two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge (BI) and an upper edge (BS), said construction panel (1) comprising at least one panel body (2) made of bio-based concrete comprising a mixture of plant-based fillers, a mineral binder, and water, characterized in that said panel has, on at least a portion of its internal face (FI) and / or its external face (FE), a protective layer (3) made of a moisture-resistant material. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to the invention. Figure for the abstract: Fig 1

Description

Title of the invention: Prefabricated building panel technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction. More particularly, it concerns a prefabricated construction panel. The invention makes it possible, in particular, to produce lightweight, thermally resistant construction panels with a low carbon footprint, usable in all configurations, including in high humidity environments. Previous technique

[0002] Facade panels, also called vertical walls, which are prefabricated in concrete, have existed for many years. These include solid concrete panels, ribbed concrete panels, concrete panels incorporating blocks of insulating material, concrete sandwich panels incorporating a layer of insulating material between two concrete walls joined by spacers, simple precast walls, or insulated precast walls comprising two concrete walls joined by spacers, with or without a layer of insulating material, forming formwork to receive concrete poured in place, i.e., on site. Examples of prefabricated facade panels are described in publications CN 103 114 663 B, EP 2 615 218 A1, and CN 108 425 451 B. In all cases, thermal insulation is added on site in the junction areas to limit thermal bridging.

[0003] Traditionally, facade panels may also include a lining added on site to complete the overall thermal resistance of the facade, and / or improve the aesthetics of the facade by means of an exterior coating such as plaster or cladding.

[0004] To date, and in view of the environmental constraints affecting the construction sector in general, prefabricated concrete facade panels pose the following problems: • a significant carbon footprint that does not comply with evolving environmental regulations, • a significant added weight on the floors, which induces a high bending moment leading to oversizing of the floors and the entire building structure.

[0005] Precast concrete manufacturers are facing these problems and are seeking to solve them by developing solutions aimed in particular at: • Address thermal bridges with the building structure, particularly at the level of the columns and the edges of the floor slabs, • efficiently assemble the facade panel to the building frame.

[0006] To meet these objectives, document FR3105277 proposes a manufacturing panel comprising monolithic concrete pieces within which wood elements are embedded, called wood concrete, reinforced by reinforced concrete elements. However, since wood concrete is not sufficiently resistant to moisture, this panel is not suitable for use in high humidity environments such as a semi-buried panel, or in a room with high humidity. Description of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a prefabricated construction panel, in particular for building facade, said panel being defined at least by an external face and an internal face, two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge and an upper edge, said construction panel comprising at least one panel body made of a bio-based concrete comprising a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water.

[0008] According to the invention, said panel comprises on at least a part of its inner face and / or its outer face a protective layer made of a moisture-resistant material.

[0009] Thanks to these provisions, the invention makes it possible to use a prefabricated panel composed largely of bio-based materials, usable in locations of buildings heavily exposed to humidity or to an atmosphere with high humidity.

[0010] Said protective layer can be made of concrete, which is a simple and effective embodiment of the invention, while also being inexpensive.

[0011] Said construction panel may be a building facade panel, and said protective layer may be disposed on at least an upper part of the inner face of said panel, said upper part being intended to be located at the level of a terrace of said building, which is a first location particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention, in order to allow the implementation of the waterproofing of the terrace.

[0012] Said construction panel may be a building facade panel, and said protective layer may be disposed on at least a part of the inner face of said panel, said part being intended to be located in front of a room with high humidity of said building, which is a second location particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention.

[0013] Said construction panel may be a building facade panel, and said protective layer may be disposed on at least a lower portion of the external face of said panel, said lower portion being intended to be located at less partially buried, which is a third location particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention.

[0014] Said protective layer can be disposed on at least a part of the inner face of said panel, said part being intended to be at least partly under a floor, said protective layer being able to include an enlargement in which is provided a reservation configured to accommodate a waiting steel box, which makes it possible to make the panel according to the invention compatible with a construction in which waiting boxes are used.

[0015] Said panel may further include at least one shoulder provided on at least one lateral edge and / or a top edge arranged to allow for on-site pouring of junction areas with other construction panels and / or a floor of the building, said shoulders being able to be formed in said panel body, and being able to be intrinsically thermally resistant, so as to create a thermal bridge break at said junction areas, which makes it possible to create thermally efficient buildings using the panel according to the invention.

[0016] Said panel may further comprise a ribbed frame positioned within the thickness of said panel body, made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-based concrete, and said frame and said panel body may be intimately linked by overmolding so as to form a monobloc construction panel, stackable, transportable and self-supporting, which makes it possible to obtain a panel according to the invention which is thermally and mechanically efficient, while having a reduced carbon footprint.

[0017] The present invention also relates to a construction comprising: - a ribbed frame made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-based concrete, - a plurality of construction panels according to the invention, fixed to said frame to form at least part of a building facade.

[0018] Thanks to these provisions, the panel according to the invention can be used in the construction of a building meeting the mechanical resistance requirements and offering good thermal properties while having a reduced carbon footprint.

[0019] The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made of concrete and is disposed on at least a part of the external face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - casting of the panel body in a molding bench, a formwork having been previously placed in the molding bench to delimit a corresponding recess to the protective layer if it is not applied over the entire outer face of said panel, - pressurizing the panel body, - Demolding of the panel body, - turning the panel body over and placing the panel body in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body which was its lower face during the casting stage of the panel body becomes its upper face, - where applicable, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete of the protective layer into said reservation on at least part of the panel body.

[0020] Thanks to these arrangements, the panel can be made with a protective layer on its external face, and the part of the external face not covered by the protective layer has a smooth surface condition, because it is made at the bottom of the molding bench.

[0021] Said process may include the following steps: - pouring a first layer of the panel body into a molding bench, a formwork having been previously placed in the molding bench to delimit a space corresponding to the protective layer if it is not placed on the entire external face of said panel, - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body, - installation of formwork to create openings corresponding to the aforementioned framework, - pouring the rest of the panel body, - pressurizing the panel body, - removal of said formwork, then installation of the framework reinforcements in said recesses, - pouring the concrete for the protective layer into the recesses, - Demolding of the panel body, - turning the panel body over and placing the panel body in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body which was its lower face during the casting stage of the panel body becomes its upper face, - if necessary, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete for the protective layer on at least part of the panel body.

[0022] Thanks to these arrangements, the panel can be made with a protective layer on its external face, and the part of the external face not covered by the protective layer has a smooth surface condition, because it is made at the bottom of the molding bench, the panel having a framework reinforcing its mechanical resistance.

[0023] The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made made of concrete and is arranged on at least part of the external face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - separate manufacturing of the protective layer, - application of the protective layer in a molding bench, - pouring the panel body, at least partially over the protective layer, - pressurizing the panel body.

[0024] Thanks to these provisions, the panel can be made with a protective layer on its external face using a simple process, particularly suitable if the protective layer does not cover the entire external face of the panel.

[0025] Said manufacturing process may include the following steps: - separate manufacturing of the protective layer, the protective layer comprising reinforcement bars configured to be positioned directly above at least part of the ribbed structure of the panel, - application of the protective layer in a molding bench, with the reinforcing bars extending upwards, - if the protective layer does not cover the entire external face of the panel, a first layer of the panel body is poured, then this first layer is pressurized. - Installation of formwork at the level of the ribbed frame, - pouring the panel body, at least partially over the protective layer, - pressurizing the panel body - removal of said formwork, - placement of the ribbed frame reinforcements within the thickness of the panel body, - pouring of the frame.

[0026] Thus a mechanical link is created between the reinforcements of the frame and that of the protective layer, which strengthens the mechanical solidity of the panel and makes it possible to obtain a monobloc, self-supporting and transportable panel.

[0027] The present invention finally relates to a method for manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made of reinforced concrete and is disposed on at least a part of the inner face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - casting of the panel body in a molding bench, - pressurizing the panel body, - positioning of the reinforcement of said protective layer on the panel body, - pouring of the concrete of the protective layer on at least part of the panel body, a formwork having been previously arranged to delimit a reservation in said panel body if the protective layer is not arranged on the entire inner face of said panel.

[0028] Thanks to these arrangements, the protective layer and the body of the panel are intimately linked, making it possible to obtain a monobloc, self-supporting and transportable panel.

[0029] Said manufacturing process may comprise the following steps: - pouring a first layer of said panel body, - positioning formwork at the locations of said framework on said first layer of said panel body, - pouring the remainder of the panel body, - pressurizing the panel body, - removing said formwork, - positioning the reinforcement of said framework and the reinforcement of said protective layer - pouring of said framework and protective layer, resulting in a mechanically and thermally efficient panel. Brief description of the drawings

[0030] The present invention and its advantages will become more apparent from the following description of several embodiments given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0031] [Fig-1] [Fig.1] is a vertical cross-sectional view of a panel according to a first mode of the implementation of the invention, used in relation to a building's terrace,

[0032] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a vertical cross-sectional view of a panel according to a second embodiment of the invention, used in a high-humidity room of a building,

[0033] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a vertical cross-sectional view of a panel according to a third embodiment of the invention, used in front of a room at least partially buried in a building. Description of the implementation methods

[0034] In the illustrated embodiments, identical elements or parts bear the same reference numbers. Furthermore, terms with a relative meaning, such as vertical, horizontal, right, left, front, back, above, below, etc., should be interpreted under normal conditions of use of the invention, as shown in the figures. The X, Y, and Z axes are defined by an orthonormal coordinate system illustrated in [Fig. 1]. Moreover, the geometric positions indicated in the description and claims, such as "perpendicular," "parallel," and "symmetrical," are not limited to the strict geometric sense but extend to geometric positions that are close, i.e., that allow a certain tolerance within the technical field considered, without affecting the result obtained. This tolerance is notably introduced by the adverb "sensible", without this term necessarily being repeated before each adjective.

[0035] With reference to figures 1 to 3, the construction panel 1 according to the invention is prefabricated, which makes it possible to control the manufacturing process from beginning to end, to obtain a high, controlled and reproducible quality, to ensure compliance with the specifications, to be able to manufacture custom-made and personalized panels to take into account openings (window, door, French window, balcony) and thus to optimize and simplify implementation on site.

[0036] The construction panel 1 has an external face FE facing outwards from the building and an internal face FI facing inwards from the building. Thus, the construction panel 1 is framed by at least two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge BI and an upper edge BS. For example, it may have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, in which the longitudinal edges are intended to be laid horizontally and the lateral edges BL vertically. Of course, this shape is not exclusive, as other geometric or non-geometric shapes may be defined according to the building's architecture. Furthermore, the construction panel 1 may be solid, or it may have openings, such as at least one window and / or one door opening.

[0037] According to the invention, the construction panel 1 comprises a panel body 2. Made from so-called bio-based concrete, defining the infill of construction panel 1. Bio-based concrete preferably comprises a mixture of plant-based fillers, a mineral binder, and water. The plant-based fillers may be chosen from the group including wood, miscanthus, hemp shives, or a combination of at least two of these components; this list is not exhaustive. The mineral binder may be chosen from the group including cement, Portland cement, blast furnace slag, lime, metakaolin, calcined clays, or a combination of at least two of these components; this list is not exhaustive. It may be wood-based concrete. In this case, it comprises wood particles, which may be in a form chosen from the group including chips, shavings, granules, or similar.The particle size of the wood particles can be less than 20 mm, and represent a quantity of between 160 kg / m³ and 250 kg / m³ in the wood-concrete mixture. The bio-based concrete may also contain biochar.

[0038] In the construction of a building incorporating panels 1, the bio-based concrete is preferably combined with a reinforced concrete frame. This combination allows one to benefit from both the mechanical strength of the reinforced concrete and the thermal resistance of the bio-based concrete.

[0039] The framework can be part of the prefabricated panel 1. In this case the framework and the panel body 2 are intimately linked by overmolding so as to form a monobloc construction panel, stackable, transportable and self-supporting.

[0040] Alternatively, the framework may not be part of the prefabricated panel 1. The framework is then initially erected on site, and then the panels 1 are fixed to the framework to form a building facade.

[0041] The reinforced concrete forming the framework can be chosen from ordinary concrete, low-carbon concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, concrete containing a certain amount of biochar, or a combination of at least two of these materials. It is reinforced by steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete, the functions of which are to strengthen this construction material and to give the building façade mechanical properties of resistance to bending, compression, and tension. The reinforcement can be chosen from bars, cages, meshes, or the like, made of steel reinforcement, high-adhesion reinforcement, fiber-reinforced composite reinforcement, or any other equivalent and compatible type of reinforcement.

[0042] Reinforced concrete exhibits a compressive strength of between 25 MPa and 60 MPa with conventional commercial reinforcement, a tensile strength of between 1.5 MPa and 4.5 MPa, a density of approximately 2500 kg / m³, and a thermal conductivity of approximately 2 W / mK

[0043] Bio-based concrete, and more specifically targeted wood-based concrete, is of interest due to its physical properties, which complement those of reinforced concrete. It exhibits a compressive strength between 2 MPa and 7 MPa, a tensile strength between 0.5 MPa and 4 MPa, a density after compression between 400 kg / m³ and 1500 kg / m³, and a thermal conductivity between 0.08 W / mK and 0.20 W / mK. During its application, the wood-based concrete is subjected to mechanical pressure after being poured in a molding bench, at a pressure level ranging from 80 to 150 kN / m². Choosing a fully or partially bio-based material makes it possible to meet environmental objectives, create carbon sinks, and thus reduce the carbon footprint of the entire construction panel 1, as well as its weight by up to approximately 50%. of a classic all-concrete panel.

[0044] All values ​​characterizing the physical properties of the materials listed above are from laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the standards in force.

[0045] According to the invention, the panel 1 comprises a protective layer 3, disposed on its inner face FI and / or on its outer face FE. The protective layer 3 is made in a moisture-resistant material. Thus, it is possible to protect part of panel 1 located in a highly humid area, as the bio-sourced concrete of the body of panel 2 has insufficient moisture resistance for certain contexts.

[0046] The protective layer 3 can be made of concrete, for example, reinforced concrete. The concrete for the protective layer 3 can be chosen from ordinary concrete, low-carbon concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete, concrete containing a certain amount of biochar, or a combination of at least two of these materials. The protective layer 3 can also be made of any material suitable for the invention, such as a metallic material, or a plastic material such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride).

[0047] The protective layer 3, when made of concrete, can have a thickness of between 5 and 10 cm.

[0048] The protective layer 3, forming a moisture barrier, can have a sealing function, i.e. to prevent water infiltration into the body of the panel 2, and a moisture resistance function, i.e. to prevent degradation of the body of the panel 2 which can occur when it is in contact with an atmosphere with high humidity.

[0049] The protective layer 3, in addition to forming a moisture barrier, can also, depending on the material in which it is made, provide protection against impacts.

[0050] Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of panel 1, in which it forms part of a building façade such that at least its upper portion is located at the level of a terrace 4. In the example shown, panel 1 is topped by a coping 5. The coping 5 is an optional feature, but it is preferable that, when panel 1 is intended to be placed at the top of a façade and its upper edge BS is free, the latter be topped with moisture protection. The protective layer 3 is located on the inner face FI of panel 1, in the portion of panel 1 situated at least above the underside of the terrace floor P. In this way, the protective layer 3 is located at the level of the terrace waterproofing upstand 4, and makes it possible to protect this part of panel 1 which is particularly exposed to moisture.

[0051] When the protective layer 3 is located on the inner face FI of the panel 1, the protective layer 3 may be aligned with a floor slab P. In this case, the protective layer 3 may have an extension 6, in which a recess is provided to accommodate a starter box with steel reinforcement. This is the case in the example illustrated in [Fig. 1], but this scenario can also occur for panels 1 which are not located at the level of a terrace 4.

[0052] Fig. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of panel 1, in which it forms part of a building facade such that at least part of its inner face FI is located opposite a room with high humidity 7. The protective layer 3 is then located on this part of its inner face, so that the atmosphere of the room 7, in contact with panel 1, does not result in a degradation of panel 1.

[0053] Figure 3 illustrates a third embodiment of panel 1, in which it forms part of a building facade such that at least a portion of its outer face FE is buried. The protective layer 3 is then located on this portion of its outer face, so that moisture from the soil 9, in contact with panel 1, does not result in degradation of panel 1.

[0054] Panel 1 may have at least one shoulder 8 on one or two of its lateral edges and / or on one or two of its longitudinal edges. In particular, a shoulder 8 is provided on its upper edge BS as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. This shoulder 8 may be provided to create junction areas with other construction panels and / or with a floor slab P. The shoulder 8 is formed within the body of panel 2, which is made of bio-based concrete, thereby inherently creating a thermal break at these junction areas.

[0055] The construction panel 1 is preferably manufactured on a molding bench in a prefabrication plant, or in a mobile prefabrication facility on or near the construction site.

[0056] Since the panel 1 is preferably manufactured from the outside in, i.e. so that the external face FE of the panel 1 is located at the bottom of the molding bench, the manufacturing process of the panel 1 differs depending on whether the protective skin 3 is located at the level of the internal face FI or the external face FE of the panel 1.

[0057] In a first alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is disposed on at least a part of the external face FE of the panel 1 according to [Fig.3].

[0058] The manufacturing process for panel 1 may then comprise the following steps: - casting of the panel body 2 in a molding bench. If the protective layer 3 is not intended to cover the entire external face FE of panel 1, a formwork is first placed in the molding bench to delimit a space corresponding to the protective layer 3, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - demolding the panel body 2, - turning the panel body 2 over and placing the panel body 2 in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the body Panel 2, which was its lower face during the casting stage of panel body 2, becomes its upper face. - if formwork is used in the first step, remove the formwork, then apply the protective layer 3 in said reservation on part of the body of panel 2. Otherwise, apply the protective layer 3 over the whole body of panel 2. The protective layer 3 can be applied by pouring concrete, reinforced or not, or by installing a prefabricated element.

[0059] This process is also applicable to a panel having a ribbed structure, and then comprises the following steps: - pouring of a first layer of the panel body 2 in a molding bench. If the protective layer 3 is not intended to cover the entire external face FE of the panel 1, a formwork is placed beforehand in the molding bench to delimit a space corresponding to the protective layer 3. - pressurization of the first layer of panel body 2, - installation of formwork to create openings corresponding to the aforementioned framework, - pouring of the remaining panel body 2, - pressurizing panel body 2, - Removal of the formwork, then placement of the structural reinforcement bars in the recesses, - pouring of the concrete for the third protective layer into the recesses, - Demolding of panel body 2, - turning over the panel body 2 and placing the panel body 2 in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body 2 which was its lower face during the casting step of the panel body 2 becomes its upper face, - if formwork is used in the first step, remove the formwork, then apply the protective layer 3 in said reservation on part of the body of panel 2. Otherwise, apply the protective layer 3 over the whole body of panel 2. The protective layer 3 can be applied by pouring concrete, reinforced or not, or by installing a prefabricated element.

[0060] Alternatively, the manufacturing process for panel 1 in which the protective layer 3 is disposed on at least a part of the external face FE of panel 1 may include the following steps: - separate manufacturing of protective layer 3, - application of protective layer 3 in a molding bench. Protective layer 3 can cover the entire bottom, or only a part, of the molding bench. - casting of the panel body 2, at least partially onto the protective layer 3, - pressurizing panel body 2.

[0061] This process is particularly interesting if the protective layer 3 does not cover the entire external face FE of the panel, because it allows the body of the panel 2 to be poured in one go, without turning over, and allows a smooth protective layer 3 to be obtained which can thus remain visible or receive a thin coating if it is not buried in whole or in part.

[0062] This process is also applicable to a panel having a ribbed structure, and then comprises the following steps: - separate manufacture of the protective layer 3, the protective layer 3 comprising reinforcement bars configured to be positioned directly above at least part of the ribbed structure of panel 1, - Placement of protective layer 3 in a molding bench, with the reinforcement bars extending upwards, - if the protective layer 3 does not cover the entire external face FE of the panel, pouring of a first layer of the panel body 2, the thickness of this first layer preferably corresponding to the thickness of the protective layer 3, then pressurizing this first layer, - placement of formwork at the desired locations of the ribbed framework, - pouring of the panel body 2, at least partly on the protective layer 3, - pressurizing of the panel body 2 - removal of said formwork, - placement of the reinforcements of the ribbed framework in the recesses formed by the formwork, in the thickness of the panel body 2, - pouring of the framework in the recesses.

[0063] In a second alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is disposed on at least a part of the inner face FI of the panel 1 according to Figures 1 and 2. The manufacturing process of the panel 1 can then comprise the following steps: - casting the panel body 2 in a molding bench, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - in the case where the protective layer 3 is made of reinforced concrete, positioning the reinforcement of the protective layer 3 on the panel body 2, - placing the protective layer 3 on the panel body 2. If the protective layer 3 is made of concrete, this step consists of pouring the concrete of the protective layer 3 onto at least a part of the panel body 2, preferably before the panel body 2 is dry.A formwork may have been previously placed on the body of panel 2 to create a recess if the protective layer 3 is not planned on the entire internal face FI of panel 1 but limited to the recess.

[0064] If panel 1 has a reinforced concrete frame, the preceding process further comprises the following steps: - pouring of the first layer of panel body 2, - pressurization of the first layer of panel body 2, - positioning of formwork at the locations of said framework on the first layer of panel body 2, - preferably before the first layer of panel body 2 is dry, pouring the rest of panel body 2, - pressurizing panel body 2, - removal of the formwork, - positioning of the framework reinforcement and, if the protective layer 3 is made of reinforced concrete, of the reinforcement of the protective layer 3, - preferably before the panel body 2 is dry, pouring of the framework and the protective layer 3. This step can be carried out in a single pour if the same concrete is used for the framework and the protective layer 3.

[0065] In a third alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is made of concrete and disposed on at least a portion of the inner face FI of the panel 1 according to Figures 1 and 2, or on at least a portion of the outer face FE of the panel 1 according to [Fig. 3]. The manufacturing process for the panel 1 may then comprise the following steps: - pouring of the protective layer 3 onto a first molding bench, a formwork having been previously arranged if the protective layer is not placed over the entire external face of said panel, - casting and pressurizing of panel body 2 on at least one second molding bench, panel body 2 being able to be produced in a single block or in a plurality of blocks, - preferably before the protective layer 3 is dry, place at least one block constituting the body of panel 2, either as a single block or in a plurality of blocks, onto the protective layer 3, and if panel 1 has a reinforced concrete frame, place the reinforcement of this frame in recesses provided for this purpose between at least part of the blocks of the plurality of blocks, - if panel 1 has a reinforced concrete frame, and preferably before the body of panel 2 is dry, pour the concrete for the frame.

[0066] In this latter method, pressurizing the panel body 2 outside the molding bench allows it to be placed on the protective layer 3 before it is completely dry. Indeed, it is very difficult to pressurize the panel body 2 if it is resting on a protective layer 3 that is not completely dry, while maintaining a relatively constant thickness of the protective layer 3.

[0067] In the above manufacturing processes, the various elements of the panel, i.e., the protective layer 3, the panel body 2, and possibly the framework, and in some cases the different layers of the panel body 2, can be poured one after the other before the previous element has completely dried, in order to obtain strong adhesion between them. Depending on the materials involved, it is possible to wait a certain amount of time to achieve a more or less extensive partial drying. The partial drying must be sufficient to provide a substrate for the following element, but not so extensive as to prevent strong adhesion between the elements. These manufacturing processes allow for strong adhesion between the different elements, thus creating an intimate bond between them, so as to obtain a single-piece, self-supporting construction panel 1 that is easily stackable, transportable, and easy to handle.

[0068] Construction panel 1 can integrate, according to the specifications, reservations for openings and reservations for the passage of technical ducts (plumbing, electricity, etc.).

[0069] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art, within the limits of the appended claims. Furthermore, the technical features of the various embodiments and variants mentioned above may be combined, in whole or in part.

Claims

Demands

1. Prefabricated construction panel (1), in particular for building facade, said panel (1) being defined at least by an external face (FE) and an internal face (FI), two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge (BI) and an upper edge (BS), said construction panel (1) comprising at least one panel body (2) made of a bio-based concrete comprising a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water, characterized in that said panel comprises on at least a part of its internal face (FI) and / or its external face (FE) a protective layer (3) made of a moisture-resistant material.

2. Construction panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete.

3. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, wherein said protective layer (3) is disposed on at least an upper part of the inner face (FI) of said panel (1), said upper part being intended to be located opposite a terrace (4) of said building.

4. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, wherein said protective layer (3) is disposed on at least a part of the inner face (FI) of said panel (1), said part being intended to be located opposite a room with high humidity (7) of said building.

5. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, wherein said protective layer (3) is disposed on at least a lower part of the external face (FE) of said panel, said lower part being intended to be at least partially buried.

6. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, for building facade, wherein said protective layer (3) is disposed on at least a part of the inner face (FI) of said panel (1), said at least a part of the inner face (FI) of said panel (1) being intended to be at least partly under a floor (P), said protective layer (3) having an enlargement (6) in which is provided a recess configured to accommodate a box of steel bars waiting to be installed.

7. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one shoulder (8) provided on at least one lateral edge and / or longitudinal edge arranged to allow for on-site pouring of junction areas with other construction panels and / or a floor (P) of the building, said at least one shoulder (8) being formed in said panel body (2), and being intrinsically thermally resistant, so as to create a thermal break at said junction areas.

8. Construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a ribbed framework positioned within the thickness of said panel body (2), made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-based concrete, and in that said framework and said panel body (2) are intimately joined by overmolding so as to form a one-piece, stackable, transportable and self-supporting construction panel (1).

9. Construction comprising: - a plurality of construction panels (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and - a ribbed frame made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-based concrete, said construction panels (1) being fixed to said frame to form at least part of a building facade.

10. A method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete and is disposed on at least a portion of the external face (EF) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - casting the panel body (2) in a molding bench, formwork having been previously placed in the molding bench to delimit a space corresponding to the protective layer (3) if it is not disposed on the entire external face (EF) of said panel (1), - pressurizing the panel body (2), - demolding the panel body (2), - turning the panel body (2) over and placing the panel body (2) in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body (2) that was its the lower face during the pouring stage of the panel body (2) becomes its upper face, - where appropriate, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete of the protective layer (3) on at least part of the panel body (2).

11. A method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to claim 8, comprising the following steps: - pouring a first layer of the panel body (2) in a molding bench, formwork having been previously placed in the molding bench to delimit a recess corresponding to the protective layer (3) if it is not placed over the entire external face (EF) of said panel (1), - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body (2), - installing formwork to create recesses corresponding to said framework, - pouring the remainder of the panel body (2), - pressurizing the panel body (2), - removing said formwork, then placing the framework reinforcement in said recesses, - pouring the concrete of the protective layer (3) into the recesses, - demolding the panel body (2),- turning over the panel body (2) and placing the panel body (2) in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body (2) which was its lower face during the pouring step of the panel body (2) becomes its upper face, - where applicable, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete of the protective layer (3) over at least a part of the panel body (2).

12. A method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete and is disposed on at least a portion of the external face (FE) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - separate manufacturing of the protective layer (3), - placement of the protective layer (3) in a molding bench, - casting of the panel body (2), at least partly on the protective layer (3), - pressurization of the panel body (2).

13. A method of manufacturing according to claim 12 a construction panel (1) according to claim 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of reinforced concrete, comprising the following steps: - separate fabrication of the protective layer (3), the protective layer (3) having protruding reinforcement bars configured to be positioned over at least part of the ribbed structure of the panel (1), - placement of the protective layer (3) in a molding bench, the protruding reinforcement bars extending upwards, - if the protective layer (3) does not cover the entire external face (EF) of the panel, pouring a first layer of the panel body (2), then pressurizing this first layer, - placement of formwork at the desired locations of the ribbed structure, - pouring of the panel body (2), at least partially over the protective layer (3), - pressurizing the panel body (2) - removal of said formwork,- placement of the ribbed frame reinforcements in the recesses formed by the formwork, within the thickness of the panel body (2), - pouring of the frame into said recesses.

14. A method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of reinforced concrete and is disposed on at least a portion of the inner face (FI) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - casting the panel body (2) in a casting bench, - pressurizing the panel body (2), - positioning the reinforcement of said protective layer (3) on the panel body (2), - pouring the concrete of the protective layer (3) onto at least a portion of the panel body (2), formwork having been previously arranged to delimit a recess in said body. panel (2) if the protective layer (3) is not disposed over the entire inner face (FI) of said panel (1).

15. A method of manufacturing according to claim 14 a construction panel (1) according to claim 8, comprising the following steps: - pouring a first layer of said panel body (2), - pressurizing said first layer of said panel body (2), - positioning formwork at the locations of said framework on said first layer of said panel body (2), - pouring the remainder of the panel body (2) outside of said reservations, - pressurizing the panel body (2), - removing said formwork, - positioning the reinforcement of said framework in said reservations and the reinforcement of said protective layer (3), - pouring said framework and said protective layer (3).

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