System comprising glazing and an optical device and method of obtaining the optical device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a glazing system comprising a vehicle glazing (100), the glazing having a transmission window (111) in a near-infrared range and an optical device. According to the invention, the optical device comprises a multifaceted element (20), attached to the glazing, the multifaceted element (20) having a textured rear surface with a profile structured by a series of structures (24, 124, 224), and the multifaceted element (20) is arranged and configured to receive the emission beam (70) on the entrance faces (25, 125, 225) of the series of structures (24, 124, 224), each entrance face (25, 125, 225) forming a given angle (α, α0, α+, α-) with the vertical axis (Z) so as to angularly deflect the median direction of the beam exiting the glazing and to increase the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view. Figure for the abstract: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: System comprising a glazing and an optical device and method of obtaining the optical device

[0001] The present invention relates generally to vehicle glazing associated with a lidar placed in the passenger compartment.

[0002] Laser remote sensing (LIDAR or lidar), an acronym for the English expression "light detection and ranging" or "laser detection and ranging" (i.e., in French "detection and estimation of distance by light" or "by laser"), is being considered for road vehicles, particularly autonomous ones, to improve safety.

[0003] Recently, it has been proposed to place a lidar behind the windshield of a road vehicle to protect it from external conditions. However, this arrangement of the lidar behind a windshield, particularly a sloping one, presents several difficulties. The lidar is generally installed in the upper part of the passenger compartment (upper windshield area) so that the beams emitted and received by the lidar pass through the glazing in an area close to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing. On the one hand, the lidar is quite bulky and must be positioned so as not to obstruct the driver's view. On the other hand, the lidar generates a near-infrared beam with a field of view that has a vertical and horizontal angular aperture. Projecting the beam onto the glazing requires reserving an area of ​​the glazing for the transmission of this near-infrared beam (called the near-infrared transmission window).This reserved area should preferably be as small as possible, particularly in the vertical direction, so as not to obstruct the view through the glazing.

[0004] In practice, the manufacturer of the LIDAR provides that the beam emitted by the lidar presents a given vertical field of view around a median direction of pointing.

[0005] Document WO2023 / 274854 is known a glazing comprising a lidar oriented towards the inner face of the inclined glazing of a road vehicle and a prism placed on the inner face of the glazing, to increase the vertical opening of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle.

[0006] However, this system is bulky and does not allow easy orientation of the lidar's pointing direction, which is limited downwards by the prism.

[0007] It is desirable to propose an alternative glazing without the aforementioned disadvantages, still capable of reducing the spatial extent of the lidar emission beam on the windshield while increasing the vertical field of view of the lidar at the exit of the glazing.

[0008] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention proposes a glazing system comprising vehicle glazing in particular road glazing, in particular windscreen, in particular curved, comprising: a first sheet of glass (in particular clear) intended to form the outer glazing with a first main external face and a second main face oriented towards the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated (preferred embodiment), comprising a second sheet of glass intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face oriented towards the second main face and a fourth main face oriented towards the passenger compartment, and a laminate interlayer of polymer material (in particular polyvinyl butyral PVB or ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer EVA or thermoplastic polyurethane TPU) disposed between the second inner main face and the third main face, the glazing being intended to form an angle of inclination (|3) of less than 90 degrees and even of at most 60 or 50 degrees, with a horizontal axis (X) (in the reference plane),in particular glazing having an upper longitudinal edge and a lower longitudinal edge.

[0009] The glazing has a near-infrared transmission window at a working wavelength in a near-infrared range, in particular a range from 800nm ​​to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905±30nm and / or 1550±30nm, the transmission window being suitable for receiving an emission beam at said working wavelength from a lidar vision system intended to be disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the emission beam having, in a reference plane which is a lateral cutting plane of the glazing (comprising said horizontal axis X), a median direction of pointing and, the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle (normal to said horizontal axis).

[0010] In the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device (having a first surface, called the front surface, oriented outwards and a second surface, opposite to the first surface, oriented towards the passenger compartment, called the rear surface), the emission beam extending over an internal field of view having an internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) determined inside the vehicle (upstream of the glazing) and at the exit of the glazing having an external field of view with an extreme vertical angular opening (FOV2).

[0011] The optical device comprises a multifaceted element (in particular prismoid, prismastic or prismatic), linked to the glazing, the multifaceted element having a textured rear surface (oriented towards the passenger compartment, free with a possible conforming functional coating in particular protective or anti-reflective) presenting in the reference plane, a profile structured by a series of structures, each structure (in particular prisms, pyramids) having in the reference plane preferably a height of centimeter, millimeter or submillimeter, each structure having an entrance face.

[0012] The multifaceted element is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam on the input faces of the series of structures, each input face forming a given angle (a, a0, a+, a.) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane so as to angularly deflect the median direction of the emission beam exiting the glazing and so that the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1).

[0013] The multifaceted element, in particular multiprismatic, in particular prismatic film or prismatic coating, may be thinner than that of a macroprism that collects the entire LIDAR beam. It may follow the curvature of the glazing, in particular laminated glazing.

[0014] Such a glazing system makes it possible to increase the vertical angular opening of the external field of view of the emission beam relative to the vertical angular opening of the internal field of view.

[0015] In particular, the median direction of pointing of the emission beam at the output (of the glazing) is deviated with respect to the median direction of pointing of the emission beam at the input (of the glazing), forming an output angle iO with respect to the horizontal axis in the reference plane, with iO = 0 + 5 degrees and even 0 ± 2 degrees.

[0016] Advantageously, the entry angle (a) of the entry face of each prism is selected so that the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than or equal to 26° and even to 30°.

[0017] In particular, each structure or prism has an entrance face joined by an edge to another neutral face, i.e., without optical function, which is planar or possibly of any shape if such a shape is simpler to manufacture. The prisms are arranged in series and advantageously joined together in pairs by another edge or, alternatively, joined in pairs by a valley.

[0018] Preferably the height of the structures or prisms is uniform. It is preferred that the height (thickness) of the prisms (from the edge) be at most 500 pm or 200 pm or 100 pm and in particular at least 20 pm.

[0019] It is preferred that the total thickness of said multifaceted element, in particular multiprismatic (including a possible substrate, in particular polymer, carrying a prismatic coating distinct from the second glass sheet) be at most 1cm and even at most 5mm or even 1mm.

[0020] The multifaceted element, in particular multiprismatic, can be glued (face F4, F2, support) with an adhesive with a refractive index different by at most 0.1 (in absolute value).

[0021] The lidar vision system is spaced away from the glazing, in particular from the main inner surface of the glazing (F2 if single or F4 if laminated) or from the first layer if the optical device is on or in a support, in particular multifunctional, in particular from plus 8cm or 5cm or 3cm. In particular, the lidar vision system is fixed to the glazing and / or to a bodywork and / or to a support, including multi-functional ones, or to a housing or cover (individual or common to other sensors, to one or more other cameras for example).

[0022] The multifaceted element, particularly a multiprismatic one, may be located on a main face of the glazing, particularly laminated glazing, or in a through-hole (complete) of the glazing, particularly forming a notch. The notch may be dedicated to an individual unit or is a common notch housing a support, particularly a multifunctional one (multi-sensor).

[0023] In the present text concerning a refractive index, a numerical index or a standard number (neither or nor etc.) is used interchangeably; for degrees, deg. or the symbol ° are used interchangeably; the term film or sheet is used interchangeably to designate a self-supporting element (an interleaving sheet becomes an adhesive layer after lamination). The term layer includes a sheet or a coating.

[0024] The glazing can be monolithic and comprises a sheet of glass or polymer (PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), or polycarbonate (PC) or mineral. The glazing is preferably laminated.

[0025] According to a particular aspect, the glazing system includes a (functional) coating conforming to the textured rear surface of the multifaceted element extending over said textured rear surface.

[0026] According to another particular and advantageous aspect, in the reference plane, the angle of the structures is constant and equal to an optimal angle value (±2 deg) to minimize the vertical angular opening of a lidar emission beam incident on the main internal face of the glazing as a function of the given refractive index of the structures, preferably ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 (and for a given FOV2),

[0027] the value of the optimal angle ranging from +32 deg. to +40 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 20 +5 deg.,

[0028] the value of the optimal angle ranging from +25 deg. to +32 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 30 +5 ​​deg. excluding 25 deg,

[0029] the value of the optimum angle ranging from +20 deg. to +26 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 40 +5 deg excluding 35 deg.

[0030] According to yet another particular and advantageous aspect, in the reference plane, the angle of the structures varies progressively along the textured back surface, from the so-called median entrance face of a structure of the structured profile arranged to receive the median direction of pointing of the emission beam to the entrance faces of the structures of the textured back surface arranged to receive respectively extreme rays of the emission beam corresponding to the internal vertical angular opening.

[0031] Preferably, in the reference plane, the angle of the structures (in particular, prisms, especially contiguous ones) exhibits a first progressive variation from the angle of the median entrance face of the structure arranged to receive the median direction of the emission beam to the angle of the upper entrance face of the structure arranged to receive the upper extreme ray of the lidar beam corresponding to the upper angular half-opening of the lidar beam inside the vehicle, and wherein the angle of the structures (in particular, prisms, especially contiguous ones) exhibits a second progressive variation from the angle of the median entrance face of the structure arranged to receive the median direction of the emission beam to the angle of the lower entrance face of the structure arranged to receive a ray of the lidar beam propagating along a lower extreme ray corresponding to alower angular half-opening of the lidar beam inside the vehicle.

[0032] Preferably, starting from a minimum value of vertical angular aperture, denoted minFOV1, as a function of an optical refractive index of the structures, denoted nB ranging from 1.48 to 1.80, for a series of reference structures having a constant angle (and for an external field of view preferably of at least 30 degrees), the angle of the upper entrance face is determined so that the internal vertical angular aperture is equal respectively to: one-quarter of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.25 * MinFOV1), to one-half of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.50 * MinFOV1), to three-quarters of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.75 * MinFOV1) or 1 degree less than the minimum value MinFOV1 (FOV1 = MinFOV1 - 1 deg.), -while maintaining the angular aperture FOV2 -,

[0033] Especially:

[0034] -for the angle of inclination equal to 20 ± 5 deg., the angle of the upper entrance face ranging from 38 deg. to 48 deg. ± 2 deg., (and preferably ±1 deg.)

[0035] or

[0036] -for the angle of inclination equal to 30 ±5 deg. excluding 25 deg, the angle of the upper inlet face ranging from 30 deg. to 43 deg. ± 2 deg., (and preferably ±1 deg.) -or for the angle of inclination greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., the angle of the upper inlet face ranging from 23 deg. to 39 deg. ± 2 deg (and preferably ±1 deg.).

[0037] Preferably, a minimum vertical angular aperture value, denoted minFOV1, is calculated as a function of a refractive index of the structures, denoted ni, preferably ranging from 1.48 to 1.80, for a series of reference structures having a constant angle (and for an external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of at least 30 degrees). The angle of the lower entrance face is determined so that the vertical angular aperture of the internal field of view is equal, respectively: to one-quarter of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.25 * MinFOV1), to one-half of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.50 * MinFOV1). MinFOV1), at three-quarters of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.75 * MinFOV1) or 1 degree lower than the minimum value MinFOV1 (FOV1 = MinFOV1 - 1 deg.), while maintaining the external angular opening FOV2 -

[0038] In particular:

[0039] - for an inclination angle of 20 ±5 deg., the angle of the lower entrance face ranging from +27 deg. to +42 deg. + 2 deg., (and preferably +1 deg.)

[0040] or for the angle of inclination equal to 30 +5 ​​deg. excluding 25 deg., the angle of the lower entrance face ranging from +15 deg. to +34 deg. + 2 deg., (and preferably +1 deg.)

[0041] or for the angle of inclination greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., (a) of the lower inlet face ranging from +5 deg. to +27 deg. + 2 deg (and preferably +1 deg.).

[0042] The multifaceted element, particularly the prismatic one, is structured in a single direction, the series of (unidirectional) prisms having parallel edges, in particular along an axis of at most 10 or 5 degrees or 2 degrees with the longitudinal axis. The multifaceted element may be structured along at least two directions. The series of (two-dimensional) prisms has two-dimensional geometric shapes (polyhedra or pyramids).

[0043] Other non-limiting and advantageous features of the glazing system according to the invention, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations, concerning its arrangement in the glazing system (preferably laminated). These are described in the following paragraphs.

[0044] According to another particular aspect, the multifaceted (self-supporting) element, in particular prismatic, is disposed in a partial hole in the glazing, in particular laminated glazing, or through the glazing, in particular laminated glazing, in particular a hole forming a notch, in particular the multifaceted element then being in particular linked to the second main face or to a support, in particular multifunctional. Or the multifaceted (self-supporting or coated) element is linked to the fourth main face of the laminated glazing.

[0045] According to another particular and advantageous aspect, the front surface of the multifaceted element (in particular self-supporting, part) is connected:

[0046] - to the second main face of the laminated glazing, in a through hole in the second sheet of glass

[0047] - to the fourth main face of the laminated glazing,

[0048] - to a support, in particular multifunctional, linked to the glazing, in particular laminated glazing, via a wall delimiting a through hole in the glazing - the multi-faceted element being notably linked to the main rear surface of the support or in a through hole in the support -

[0049] - linked to a wall delimiting a through hole in the glazing, in particular forming notch,

[0050] -or to a main rear surface, oriented towards the passenger compartment, of a part forming an insert in a partial hole in the glazing and linked to the second main face

[0051] The support (or plate), particularly a multi-functional one, can be shaped and arranged to close the through hole in the laminated glazing, in particular by forming a notch. Preferably, the main external surface of the support is flush or slightly below the first face of the first glass sheet so as to form a continuous main external surface for the glazing. The support includes the near-infrared transmission window for the lidar. The support comprises, for example, a plastic material or glass transparent at the operating wavelength of the lidar. The support, particularly a multi-functional one (glass, plastic, etc.), is monolithic or laminated, for example, laminated glass with an inner layer of glass or plastic.

[0052] The support, in particular multi-functional (plastic, glass), in particular multi-functional, can be of a thickness of no more than 1cm or even 5mm.

[0053] The multi-faceted element is for example a film (one piece) formed by molding and fixed to the main internal surface of the support for example by an adhesive.

[0054] The main internal surface of the multi-faceted element can be flush with the main internal surface of the second glass sheet so as to form a continuous main internal surface for the glazing.

[0055] Preferably, the multifaceted element is formed of a (partially) textured coating, in particular printed (by embossing or by inkjet printing, by 3D printing for example) using a resin, on face F4 (or F2 if single glazing or if through hole) or on a flat substrate (part in and / or under through hole of the second sheet for example), which can be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or glass or polycarbonate (PC).

[0056] The multi-functional support can be attached (to face F4 or F2), for example, using masking adhesive on the glazing. The masking adhesive is, for example, a black OCA adhesive visible to the naked eye. The masking adhesive also serves to mask and protect the mounting plate. Furthermore, the masking adhesive conceals the lidar infrared vision system from view from outside the vehicle.

[0057] The support (or plate) is in particular multifunctional, preferably carrying one or more functional elements such as sensors and / or with one or more transmission windows in the visible, in the far infrared from 5pm to 20pm and even 8pm to 15pm, transmission window(s) in particular adjacent to the near infrared transmission window (in an upper and even central part of the glazing, of the windshield, in particular in a spare part of the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing).

[0058] The (multi-purpose) support may be, in particular, a plastic, especially an opaque one, loaded with colorants, particularly black (carbon-filled, etc.), especially to ensure color continuity with the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing (limiting the color difference). The support is, for example, polyamide 66. (PA66), or PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), or ASA (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate), or ABS / PC (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene / polycarbonate). It is preferably at least 1 mm thick and, for example, less than or equal to the thickness of the glazing, particularly in the case of through-holes (especially notches).

[0059] Advantageously, the multifaceted element, in particular prismatic, comprises a self-supporting element (part), optionally flexible, (preferably partially) textured, in particular glued or made of adhesive material to a main face of the glazing or of an insert part or of a support attached to the glazing, or is a coating, preferably partially textured, on a substrate which may be a part, a film, a support, in particular with an optical refractive index neither greater than nor equal to 1.20 and less than or equal to 1.80 at the working wavelength.

[0060] Advantageously, said part forms said multifaceted element, in particular prismatic, having a textured back surface or the part has a partially textured coating on its main back face, the textured back surface being in particular flush with the fourth face or sub-flush (while avoiding shading effect).

[0061] Preferably, the glazing has a through hole in the second sheet of glass, a partial or through hole in the lamination interlayer, called an interlayer hole, at the same time as the hole in the second sheet, in particular the multifaceted element (self-supporting, part), in particular prismatic, is bonded by a thinner interlayer, in particular PVB without plasticizer, thermoplastic EVA, crosslinked adhesive layer including crosslinked EVA, polyacrylate (PSA film, part in particular overmolded etc.).

[0062] According to a particular embodiment, the glazing includes the through-hole of the glazing preferably forming a notch, the support has a main front face flush with the first main external face and is in particular glued to the wall delimiting the through-hole by a plate forming a support bearing sensor(s) and / or component(s), in particular with a transmission window in the visible and even in the far infrared (the two preferably aligned vertically) (support not protruding from the edge of the glazing or even recessed).

[0063] The glazing system may include in the near-infrared transmission window a piece (sheet) transparent at the working wavelength, in particular glass or plastic, disposed in or under a through hole in the second glass sheet of the laminated glazing and linked to the second main face, piece of the multi-face device, and preferably the structured free face has an anti-reflective coating at the working wavelength.

[0064] Preferably, the glazing system comprises a peripheral masking layer bonded to the second main face (mineral coating such as a enamel, black on the second side or an ink (black) on an interlayer in particular PVB) and / or another masking layer on a surface of a support, in particular multi-functional, in a through hole (therefore complete) of the glazing preferably laminated or in a part in a through hole of the second sheet (partial hole of the laminated glazing), and in which the near infrared transmission window has an opening in the masking layer (through or closed opening).

[0065] Preferably, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer, which is preferably a masking layer (or a heating layer), in particular disposed in the opening of a (peripheral) masking layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-faceted element. In particular, the masking layer is adhesive (for example, made of a cross-linked material), bonding the multiprismatic element to one of the main faces of the glazing or to a support, in particular a multifunctional one, in a through hole of the laminated glazing or to a part in a through hole of the second sheet of the laminated glazing.

[0066] In the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing may include a functional layer, in particular a heating or hydrophobic layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-faceted element.

[0067] The glazing system may include a lidar infrared vision system, the infrared vision system comprising a light source and a detection device in which the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) is less than 26 degrees, in particular between 10 degrees and 20 degrees, and in which the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) by at least 5° and even 10°.

[0068] Different types of lidar exist, depending on the angular aperture, spatial extent, and / or scanning of the emission beam. The lidar emission beam can be emitted along a unidirectional optical axis that is scanned in two dimensions, or the emission beam extends along a sheet that is scanned in a transverse direction, or the emission beam is flash-like and illuminates a volume of space without beam scanning. It is preferable to orient the median direction of the lidar emission beam as it exits the glazing so that it is approximately parallel to the ground, i.e., horizontal.

[0069] The lidar infrared vision system can be placed in a housing, for example made of plastic or metal. This housing can form a cover for the Lidar and more broadly for a set of elements (sensor components, camera(s) in this area) and thus cover areas of camera(s), sensor(s).

[0070] The housing is fixed to the main inner face of the glazing, in particular the fourth of the second sheet of glass, or to a support, in particular a multi-function one (or plate). The housing is fixed to the glazing, specifically to the fourth main face of the second glass pane of laminated glass. Advantageously, the housing is removable. The housing is fixed, for example by clipping, to the support or to the innermost main face of the glazing and / or to a vehicle component (the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork), for example, the vehicle's roof. For example (in its upper part), the housing is fixed to the inner face of the glazing (face F4 for laminated glass) through a hole in the bodywork.

[0071] The transmission window can be multispectral, in particular in the near-infrared and in the visible (for example to allow the use of a sensor operating in the visible and in this case, no camouflage layer is added in the visible) and / or in the far-infrared at a higher wavelength than the working wavelength of the lidar (for example to allow the use of a thermal camera or another infrared sensor).

[0072] The invention also proposes a method for obtaining said multi-prismatic element of refractive index ni for the glazing system already described, each entrance face forming an angle (a, a0, a+, a.) with a vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane, the method comprising the following steps: -definition of an entry angle i' relative to the horizontal of a lidar pointing direction upstream of the multifaceted element as a function of the angle i of the pointing direction downstream of the glazing relative to the horizontal and said entry angle a, definition of i' according to the following equation EQ1:

[0073] i( / , a) = arcsin(n^in(arcsin(^sin( / î + ï"-f))- / 5-a + f))+a^

[0074] - calculation of the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) as a function of the angle input a for the given refractive index ni and for the given external vertical angular aperture (FOV2),

[0075] FOVl(a) = li'(a, i=iO+FOV2 / 2) - i'(a, i=i0-FOV2 / 2)l

[0076] with iO of a median direction of the lidar pointing (45) downstream of the glazing with respect to the horizontal preferably iO = 0+5 degrees,

[0077] so as to deduce a minimum value of vertical angular opening (MinFOVl) and a corresponding value of optimal angle (aopt) for a series of reference structures having entrance faces forming a constant angle; - application of the optimal angle value (aopt) to a median entrance face of a structure arranged on a median direction of pointing of the emission beam; - calculation of an entry angle i' with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, of the median direction of the emission beam on the median entry face for a given angle i of the median direction of the emission beam (45) at the exit of the glazing, with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, by applying the formula EQ1 in which a is equal to the value of the optimal angle (aopt);

[0078] - setting a target value for the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) less than the minimum value of internal vertical angular aperture (MinFOVl); - calculation of the angle a+ of the lower entrance face of a structure arranged to receive an extreme upper ray of the emission beam under an entrance angle (i'+0.5*FOVl) equal to the sum of the entrance angle i' on the median entrance face (25) and half the target value of the vertical angular aperture (FOV1), by inverting the formula EQ1 in which the entrance angle i' is replaced by i'+0.5*FOVl; - calculation of the angle a. of the upper entrance face of a structure arranged to receive an extreme lower ray of the emission beam at an entrance angle (F-0.5*FOV1) equal to the difference between the entrance angle i' on the median entrance face and half the target value of the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1), by inverting the EQ1 formula in which the entrance angle i' is replaced by i'-0.5*FOV1.

[0079] An alternative analogous method can be proposed by fixing the FOV1 instead of the FOV2.

[0080] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that when the features mentioned in the claims are followed by reference numerals, these numerals are included solely for the purpose of improving the intelligibility of the claims and do not in any way limit the scope of the claims.

[0081] On the attached drawings:

[0082] - [Fig. 1] schematically represents, in lateral section view along a plane of reference, a vehicle glazing according to this disclosure, with a lidar infrared vision system;

[0083] - Figure 2 shows a front view of an example of a windshield incorporating a device optics comprising a multifaceted element according to an embodiment;

[0084] - [Fig.3] schematically represents, in lateral section view along a plane of reference, a vehicle glazing incorporating an optical device comprising a multi-faceted element according to an embodiment;

[0085] - [Fig.3]' schematically represents in perspective two examples of a optical device comprising a multi-prismatic element including a one-dimensional prism array

[0086] - [Fig. 4] schematically represents, in lateral section view along a reference plane, a vehicle window in which the angle of the prisms varies progressively;

[0087] - [Fig. 4]' schematically represents in perspective an optical device featuring a multi-prismatic element comprising a two-dimensional pyramid network

[0088] - [Fig. 5] shows optimal values ​​of the angle α of the entrance face of the prisms depending on the optical refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80;

[0089] - Figure 6 shows the minimum values ​​of the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 corresponding to [Fig.5] as a function of the optical refractive index nor of the prisms of the multifaceted element;

[0090] - [Fig. 7] shows values ​​of the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the main internal face of the glazing as a function of the optical refractive index nor of the prisms of the multifaceted element;

[0091] - Fig. 8 shows curves illustrating the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 depending on the entry angle a relative to a vertical axis for different optical indices of refraction nor of the prisms of the multifaceted element;

[0092] - Figure 9 shows curves illustrating the entry angle, denoted i', of the direction median pointing, relative to the horizontal, of the lidar emission beam incident on the multifaceted element linked to the main internal face of the glazing as a function of the entry angle a of the entry face of the prisms of the multifaceted element relative to a vertical axis, for different optical refractive indices ni of the prisms, and for a median pointing direction horizontal to the outside of the vehicle's passenger compartment;

[0093] - [Fig. 10] shows curves analogous to [Fig. 9] for an extreme radius upper lidar beam inclined at +15 degrees relative to the horizontal outside the vehicle's passenger compartment;

[0094] - [Fig. 11] shows curves analogous to [Fig. 10] for an extreme radius lower lidar beam inclined at -15 degrees relative to the horizontal outside the vehicle's passenger compartment;

[0095] - Figure 12 schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing vehicle with a multi-faceted element on the main internal face and a lidar according to a first embodiment in which the emitter and receiver of the lidar are arranged vertically in the passenger compartment;

[0096] - [Fig. 13] represents a variant of [Fig. 12] in which a layer Compliant with 101 anti-reflective or protective coating is added to the structures

[0097] - Figure 14 schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing vehicle according to a second embodiment in which the multifaceted element is arranged in a hole through the inner sheet of glass of the laminated glazing;

[0098] - [Fig. 15] represents a variant of [Fig. 14], in which the multifaceted element is arranged in a thinned part of the layer of laminated material;

[0099] - [Fig. 16] represents another variant of [Fig. 14], in which the element multiface is arranged in a complete hole of the lamination interlayer;

[0100] - the [Fig.16]' represents a variant of the [Fig.16], in which the element multiface is arranged in a complete hole of the lamination interlayer;

[0101] - [Fig. 17] represents another variant of [Fig. 14]; in which the element The multifaceted interlayer is arranged in a complete hole of the lamination and is in direct adhesive contact 91 with the second face 12

[0102] - [Fig. 18] schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing of vehicle according to a fourth embodiment in which the multi-faceted element is disposed on the fourth main face in an opening of a multi-function support on an edge of the laminated glazing;

[0103] - [Fig.19] schematically represents a front view of the glazing of [Fig.18]

[0104] - Figure 20 schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing vehicle according to a fourth embodiment in which the multifaceted element is arranged in a partial notch on an edge of the laminated glazing;

[0105] - Figure [Fig. 21] schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing vehicle according to a fifth embodiment in which the multifaceted element is arranged in a through notch on an edge of the glazing;

[0106] - [Fig.22] shows a front view of the glazing of [Fig.21];

[0107] - Figure [Fig. 23] schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing of vehicle according to a sixth embodiment in which the multifaceted element is arranged in a through notch on an edge of the glazing;

[0108] - [Fig.24] shows a front view of the glazing of [Fig.23].

[0109] The figures are not to scale.

[0110] In this document, "bonded surface" means a full-surface optical contact, bonded or in adhesive contact (with the internal principal face of the glazing or an internal principal surface of an insert piece).

[0111] Figure 1 schematically represents a vehicle window (preferably a road vehicle windshield) in a reference plane, for example, laminated glass with a first principal face 11 (denoted Fl) at the outermost edge and an inner principal face 14 F4, or F2 if it is single glazing. For clarity, the vehicle is assumed to be on a horizontal surface. The reference plane is the lateral (or transverse) cross-sectional plane, thus taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (to the upper longitudinal edge 10 and the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the glass if straight). An orthonormal coordinate system XYZ is shown, in which the Z-axis is vertical, the X and Y axes are horizontal, and the X-axis lies in the reference plane. The reference plane is defined, comprising a normal to the laminated glass and a vertical axis Z within the vehicle. The positive direction of the angles used in this disclosure is also shown. Advantageously, the reference plane passes through the midpoint of the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the glass and is a plane of symmetry of the glass.

[0112] The vehicle on which the glazing is installed or intended is, for example, a road vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach) or a railway vehicle (in particular, vehicles with a maximum speed of 90 km / h or 70 km / h, especially subways and trams). The glazing finds applications particularly in windshields, rear windows, or even side windows (including quarter windows). For clarity, flat glazing is shown in the figures. However, the glazing may have at least one radius of curvature so as to be curved. The thickness of the glazing is denoted by E. The thickness E is generally less than or equal to 1 cm, for example, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, preferably at most 5 mm.

[0113] The glazing 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, is installed or intended to be installed on a vehicle at an angle of inclination, denoted [3], with a horizontal axis in the reference plane considered. For clarity, it is assumed that the vehicle is on a horizontal surface. The angle of inclination [3] is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and even at most 60 degrees, generally between 15° and 20° and preferably between 20° and 50°, for example 23° or 30° for a motor vehicle windshield. As indicated above, the angle of inclination [3] has a sign, which is positive here.

[0114] The glazing 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, has an upper longitudinal edge 10 and a lower longitudinal edge 10'. The reference plane here is the lateral section plane of the glazing comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis Z in the vehicle. The reference plane preferably passes through the midpoint of the upper longitudinal edge 10 and the midpoint of the lower longitudinal edge 10'.

[0115] An infrared vision system 7 lidar is placed inside the vehicle's passenger compartment, spaced and behind the laminated glazing.

[0116] As is known, the infrared vision system 7 comprises a light source 71 and a detection device 72. The light source 71 is arranged and configured to generate a near-infrared emission beam 70. The emission beam 70 is emitted at a working wavelength, LB1, within a spectral range from 800 nm to 1800 nm, in particular from 850 nm to 1600 nm, notably 905 ± 30 nm and / or 1550 ± 30 nm. The detection device 72 is arranged next to the light source 71 and configured to detect reflected radiation in at least a portion of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle. Depending on the type of lidar used, the emission beam 70 is emitted in a direction that is swept in two Transverse dimensions, or the emission beam 70 extends along a sheet that is swept in a single direction transverse to the sheet, or the emission beam 70 is of the flash type and does not use scanning. With or without scanning, the emission beam 70 has a given vertical angular aperture and a given horizontal aperture.

[0117] In one application example, the infrared vision system 7 is positioned behind the glazing forming the windshield of a motor vehicle, facing an area, here called the near-infrared transmission window 111, which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield. The cross-sectional figures show examples of the windshield window 111 in different embodiments, as well as the arrangement and orientation of the infrared vision system 7. The transmission window 111 is transparent to the emitted beam of the infrared vision system 7. In this window 111, the infrared vision system is oriented at a certain angle of incidence with respect to the surface of the windshield, in particular the main inner face 14 of the glazing 100.In particular, the light source 71 can be oriented to form an angle 0 with respect to a direction parallel to the ground, i.e., slightly inclined towards the sky, and preferably so that the angle of incidence is close to the normal to the surface of the windshield. In other words, the LIDAR light source 71 can be oriented slightly towards the sky at an angle 0 with a field of view suitable for performing its functions. The detection device 72 is generally oriented parallel to the light source 71.

[0118] The glazing may be a glazing comprising a single sheet of glass (see [Fig.3]). In this case, the glazing 100 has an external main face 11 referred to as Fl oriented towards the outside of the vehicle and an internal main face referred to as F2 oriented towards the interior of the vehicle.

[0119] In other particular and preferred embodiments, the glazing is laminated glazing comprising (see figures 12-24):

[0120] - a first sheet of glass 1 intended to form the outer glazing with a first main external face called Fl oriented outwards and a second main internal face 12 called F2 oriented towards the passenger compartment; for a motor vehicle, the first sheet of glass 1 preferably has a thickness of at most 4mm, and even at most 3mm or 2.5mm, - in particular 2.1mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm- and preferably of at least 0.7mm or 1mm;

[0121] - a laminate interlayer 3 made of polymer material having a main face 38 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 and a main face 39 opposite the main face 38; the lamination interlayer 3 is single or multi-layered, possibly neutral, clear, extra-clear or tinted, especially grey or green, made of polymer material, preferably thermoplastic and even better made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably for a road vehicle with a thickness of at most 1.8 mm, better at most 1.2 mm and even at most 0.9 mm (and better at least 0.3 mm and even at least 0.6 mm), the laminate interlayer 3 is optionally acoustic and / or optionally has a cross-section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the glazing (in particular a windshield) for a head-up display (HUD); and

[0122] - a second sheet of glass 2 intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face 13 called F3 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 of the first sheet of glass 1 and a fourth main face 14 oriented towards the passenger compartment called F4.

[0123] In the case of laminated glazing, the first external principal face of the first sheet of glass 1 forms the external principal face 11 of the glazing and the fourth principal face of the second sheet of glass 2 forms the internal principal face 14 of the glazing.

[0124] The first sheet of glass 1, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodocalcium, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of not more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably not more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and not more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the first sheet of glass is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, and in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, an OPTWHITE glass 1.95 mm thick is chosen.

[0125] The second glass sheet 2, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silicic soda-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, preferably has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of at least 0.4% and preferably not more than 1.5%. The second glass sheet 2 is, for example, based on a glass manufactured by the Applicant called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), TSA5+, for example, green. A TSA3+ glass 1.6 mm thick is chosen, for example.

[0126] The second glass sheet 2 is optionally tinted. For a road vehicle, the second glass sheet 2 is preferably thinner than the first glass sheet 1, even by no more than 3mm or 2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even by no more than 1.3mm, and preferably by at least 0.7mm, the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4mm, even 3.7mm.

[0127] Advantageously, at least in the near-infrared transmission window, the glass sheet or sheets are made of glass transparent in the near infrared, as for example described in patent documents WO2018015312 and / or WO2018178278.

[0128] In particular, in embodiments without a hole in the first or second sheet of glass ([Fig.1], [Fig.12], [Fig.13], [Fig.18]) the first sheet of glass 1 is made of clear or extra-clear glass and the second sheet is also made of clear or extra-clear glass.

[0129] The windshield of a road vehicle in particular is curved. In a conventional and well-known way, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the first, second sheets of glass 1, 2 and the lamination interlayer 3. For example, a lamination interlayer 3 made of clear (or tinted) PVB of 0.38mm or 0.76mm thickness is chosen.

[0130] In certain embodiments or variants, particularly the second and fourth embodiments shown here, to transmit the LIDAR beam, the second glass sheet 2 is perforated (by a through hole 4, in particular forming a partial notch in the glazing) and preferably a part 9 (insert) is disposed in and / or under the through hole and even flush or protruding from the fourth main face, connected to the second internal main face 12 or to the edge of the glazing and preferably forms the multifaceted element 20, being (preferably partially) textured on its free main face oriented towards the passenger compartment to form the prisms, or the part is a substrate and the free main face oriented towards the passenger compartment has a coating (preferably partially) textured to form the prisms. The multifaceted element in the variant is connected (by bonding or direct adhesive contact) to this part on its main face oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0131] Alternatively or complementarily, in certain embodiments or variants, particularly the second embodiment shown here, the lamination interlayer has a partial or through hole in the transmission window 111, the interlayer hole being aligned with the through hole 4 of the second glass sheet (see Figures 15-16). The multifaceted element 20, 9 is partially within this partial or through hole 4, connected to the second internal main face 12 (or on or connected to the rear main face of the part 9 inserted into this hole).

[0132] Part 9 is for example glued by PVB without plasticizer (thin PVB 31 as in [Fig. 15])), thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA), by crosslinked adhesive layer including crosslinked EVA, polyacrylate (PSA film or coating).

[0133] As illustrated in the figures, the laminated glazing is arranged so as to receive the near-infrared emission beam 70 from the lidar 7 in the transmission window 111, in particular in a gap in the masking layer 5 (upper longitudinal edge 501, lower edge 502) typically used, and even in a possible solar control layer 15 (silver layer stack) typically used within the glazing (on the second internal principal surface 12 or the third internal principal surface 13, or on a polymer carrier film, particularly polyester). The near-infrared transmission window can be located in an enlarged area of ​​the enamel layer, often in the center and at the top (lower limit 50 of this enlarged area).

[0134] In the reference plane, the lidar emission beam 70 has a median direction pointed at 40 and extends over an internal field of view having a given internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is, for example, at most 30 degrees or 25°, and preferably non-zero. Alternatively, with the emission beam 70 collimated, the vertical angular aperture FOV1 is zero (FOV1=0 deg.).

[0135] In [Fig. 1], the infrared vision system 7 is shown in two distinct positions and orientations. The lidar 7 is shown in dashed lines with a horizontal median direction of point 40 and the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. The internal vertical angular aperture of the emission beam 70 extends between the lines corresponding to the extreme rays 41 and 42 in the reference plane (plane of [Fig. 1]). The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is the sum of the angle between the median direction 40 and the upper extreme radius 41 of the upper angular half-aperture of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle 41 (also called the half-aperture angle 0.5*FOV1) and the angle between the median direction 40 and the lower extreme radius 42 of the lower angular half-aperture of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle (also called the half-aperture angle 0.5*FOV1).The extreme upper radii 41 and lower radii 42 represent the extremities of the direction pointed inside the vehicle when the lidar scans the vertical field of view.

[0136] Through conventional glazing, i.e., without the multifaceted element 20 of the present disclosure, the emission beam 70 is refracted through the glazing of thickness E, assumed to be constant in the reference plane, and emerges through the first external principal face 11 with a horizontal median direction of point 45 and its internal angular aperture vertical FOV1. The median direction of point 45 is parallel to the median direction of point 40, and simply offset due to refraction through the glazing 100 of thickness E. The vertical angular aperture of the emission beam exiting the first external principal face 11 extends between the lines corresponding to the upper extreme rays 43 and lower extreme rays 44 in the reference plane. The upper extreme ray 43 is parallel to the upper extreme ray 41, and, respectively, the lower extreme ray 44 is parallel to the lower extreme ray 42.The vertical angular aperture of the emission beam exiting the first external main face 11 is therefore equal to the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 incident on the glazing. The extreme upper 43 and lower 44 rays represent the extremities of the direction pointed outwards from the vehicle when the lidar scans the vertical field of view.

[0137] We denote L the size of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam 70 onto the main internal face 14 of the glazing in the transverse section plane. The size L of the vertical window depends on the vertical angular opening 2i, with FOVl=2z, the angle of inclination [3 of the glazing, the angle 0 between a horizontal axis and the median direction of point 40 of the lidar beam inside the passenger compartment and the distance d between the lidar and the fourth principal face of the glazing according to the following formula: L r / tan / ( sin(64-^h-cos[S+fî)tanz sin(fZ+ / >)-cos(^+^)tani )

[0138] The distance d is taken along the median direction of point 40.

[0139] According to a first embodiment, illustrated in particular in [Fig. 1], the glazing 100 comprises a multi-faceted element 20, for example here multi-prismatic, linked to the internal main face 14 of the glazing 100. In [Fig. 1], the lidar 7 is shown in solid line with a median direction of point 40 inclined at an angle, denoted 0, with respect to a horizontal axis and with the same vertical angular aperture FOV1. The multi-faceted element 20 forms an optical device arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam 70 and so as to deflect the median direction of point 45 of the emission beam exiting the external main face 11 of the glazing, by a deflection angle advantageously equal to -0, towards the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the glazing 100.Furthermore, at the exit of the main external face 11 of the glazing 100, the emission beam 70 has an external field of view with an external vertical angular aperture FOV2 greater than the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1.

[0140] Fig. 3 schematically represents an example of a multifaceted element 20 according to the present disclosure, in the glazing reference plane.

[0141] The glazing 100 has an external main face 11 oriented towards the outside of the vehicle and an internal main face 14 oriented towards the interior of the vehicle. The glazing 100 comprises, for example, a single sheet of glass of thickness E and of refractive index denoted nv.

[0142] The multifaceted element 20 comprises, for example, a part, in particular a film bonded to the inner main face 14 of the glazing 100. The film is, for example, molded in an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or is a textured coating directly on the inner main face 14 of the glazing. Alternatively, the multifaceted element 20 is formed by directly machining the textured glazing (see [Fig. 3]). Preferably, the multifaceted element 20 is formed of a textured coating, in particular printed (by embossing or by inkjet printing, by 3D printing for example) using a resin, on face F4 (or F2 if single glazing or if through hole) or on a flat substrate 21' -cf [Fig.3]'- (part in and / or under through hole of the second sheet for example), which can be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or glass or polycarbonate (PC).

[0143] The multifaceted element 20 has a textured rear surface having, in the reference plane, a profile structured by a series of structures 24, for example prisms, having a refractive index nb. The refractive index ni generally ranges from 1.20 to 1.80 at the wavelength of the LIDAR. Each prism 24 has an entrance face 25 joined by an edge 27 to another face 26 without optical function, of freeform shape, for example, a plane. The entrance face 25 of each prism 24 is here closer to the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the laminated glazing 100 than the other face 26 of the prism 24 under consideration.

[0144] Figure 3 shows a line 28 representing the base of the series of prisms 24. If the multifaceted element is attached to the outer principal face 14 of the glazing and has a refractive index ni different from the refractive index nv of the glazing, the interface 28 is real. If the multifaceted element is machined directly onto the inner principal face of the glazing, the refractive index ni is equal to the refractive index nv of the glazing, and the interface 28 is virtual.

[0145] In the example in [Fig.3], the prisms 24 are all identical and have the same orientation. Alternatively or complementarily, the prisms 24 have a progressively varying angle (see [Fig.4]).

[0146] The multifaceted element 20 is arranged so that the profile structured by the series of prisms 24 is oriented towards the interior of the vehicle. In the glazing reference plane, the multifaceted element 20 is inclined along the curvature of the glazing or locally flat. In this reference plane, the entrance face 25 of each prism 24 forms an entrance angle α with a vertical axis Z. As indicated above, the angle α has a sign, according to the trigonometric direction. In the example of [Fig. 3], the angle α is positive.

[0147] In Figures 3 or 3', the edges of the prisms are sharp-angled. Alternatively, the edges of the prisms are rounded. According to another aspect, the prisms in the same series of prisms have varying dimensions. For example, the prisms all have the same angle α and dimensions that increase or decrease from the upper edge 10 to the lower edge 18 of the glazing.

[0148] In one embodiment, the prisms 24 of the same series of prisms are one-dimensional and have parallel edges 27. For example, the edges 27 are all in a plane parallel to the ground, for example horizontal. In this way, the multifaceted element does not modify the horizontal angular aperture of the lidar emission beam.

[0149] According to one embodiment, the prisms 24 are molded, for example, in OCA. According to another embodiment, the prisms 24 are printed directly on the main internal face of the glazing. According to yet another embodiment, the 24 prisms are machined on the main internal face of the glazing.

[0150] According to a particular aspect, all the prisms 24 of the multi-prismatic element 20 form the same angle α with respect to the vertical axis Z.

[0151] The edges of the primes are sharp-angled. Alternatively, the edges of the prisms are rounded.

[0152] According to yet another particular aspect, the 24 prisms of the same series of prisms have two-dimensional geometric shapes, polyhedra or pyramids. For example, the series of 24 prisms form protruding or indented pyramids as illustrated in [Fig. 4]' arranged according to a two-dimensional lattice.

[0153] We will now describe in detail the operation of the glazing with multi-faceted element 20 according to the present disclosure to deflect the lidar beam and increase the vertical angular opening of the field of view of the lidar emission beam.

[0154] The glazing 100 receives the lidar emission beam propagating along a median direction of point 40 inside the vehicle's passenger compartment. The median direction of point 40 is incident on the entrance face 25, referred to as the median face, of a prism 24. The median direction of point 40 forms an entrance angle, denoted i', with a horizontal axis in the reference plane. The lidar emission beam is refracted on the entrance face of the prism and propagates within the prism 24, which has a refractive index ni. The multi-faceted element 20 is arranged and configured to receive the emission beam 70 on the entrance faces 25 of the prisms 24 in the prism series. The lidar beam is refracted through the median entrance face 25 of the prism 24, then successively through the internal main face 14 of the glazing and through the external main face 11 of the glazing.The median direction of the lidar emission beam emerging from the outer main face 11 forms an angle r with the normal to the outer main face 11 of the glazing 100. The angle r = -ji / 2 - [3 - i] is calculated, in which the angle i represents the exit angle of the median direction of the beam outside the vehicle's passenger compartment with respect to a horizontal axis. The relationship between the entry angle i' and the (exit) angle i is expressed by the following equation EQ1: .

[0155] i = arcsin(" } sin(arcsin(^sin(0+i- j)) -+ + a>

[0156] in which ni represents the optical refractive index of prism 24. We observe here that the optical refractive index of glazing 100 does not appear in equation EQ1.

[0157] The multifaceted element 20 thus makes it possible to angularly deflect the median direction of the pointed 45 of the lidar emission beam outside the vehicle towards the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the laminated glazing, without reducing its angular opening vertical and even by increasing the vertical angular aperture of the emission beam exiting through the first external main face 1 of the laminated glazing. Indeed, each prism 24 of the prism series receives the lidar beam at a different angle of incidence, given the angular aperture F0V1.

[0158] According to one particular aspect, all the prisms 24 of the multifaceted element 20 form the same angle α with respect to the vertical axis Z. In a first example, the prisms 24 all have the same refractive index ni and the same dimensions. According to another particular aspect, the refractive index ni of the prisms 24 varies from the upper edge 10 to the lower edge 18 of the laminated glazing. According to yet another particular aspect, the refractive index ni of the prisms 24 is different from the refractive index of the glazing 100. The refractive index ni of 1.52 corresponds, for example, to glass, the refractive index ni of 1.60 corresponds, for example, to polycarbonate (PC), and the refractive index ni between 1.20 and 1.40 corresponds, for example, to a clear optical adhesive (OCA).

[0159] We will now describe in detail a method for calculating the optimal angle α of the prisms of the multifaceted element to minimize the vertical aperture angle FOV1 of the lidar beam inside the vehicle for a given vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the field of view of the lidar emission beam outside the vehicle. Initially, in reference to Figures 5 to 8, we assume that all prisms have the same angle α and the same refractive index ni.

[0160] The following calculations and results illustrated in connection with figures 5 to 8 are based in particular on equation EQ1 and on calculations of minima.

[0161] Figure 5 shows optimal values ​​of the angle α of the prism entrance face for obtaining a minimum FOV1 for different values ​​of the refractive index of the prisms, ni being between 1.20 and 1.80. It is assumed here that the emitted beam 70 has an external field of view with a vertical angular aperture FOV2 of 30 degrees and that the inclination angle 3 is 30°. For a refractive index ni of 1.20, the optimal angle α is approximately 15 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.30, the optimal angle α is approximately 19.5 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.40, the optimal angle α is approximately 23.0 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.52, the optimal angle α is approximately 26.0 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.60, the optimal angle α is approximately 28 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.80, the optimal angle α is approximately 32 degrees.

[0162] Figure 6 shows the minimum values ​​of vertical angular aperture FOV1, denoted minFOV1, corresponding to the points in Figure 5, for different values ​​of the refractive index of the prisms, ni being between 1.20 and 1.60. The field of view The external aperture also has a vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of 30 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.20, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 21 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.30, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 19.5 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.40, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 18.5 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.52, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 18 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.60, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 17.5 degrees. For a refractive index (RI) of 1.80, the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is approximately 17 degrees. We obtain a vertical internal angular opening FOV1 that is less than the vertical angular opening FOV2 by 30 deg.In other words, the multifaceted element 20 allows the vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the emission beam 70 to be enlarged outside the vehicle compared to the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 inside the vehicle.

[0163] Figure 7 shows the calculated values ​​of the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the inner principal face of the glazing as a function of the refractive index of the prisms for the corresponding optimal angle α indicated in Figure 5. The external field of view also has a vertical angular aperture FOV2 of 30 degrees. For a refractive index ni of 1.20, the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam is approximately 26 mm. For a refractive index ni of 1.30, the size L is approximately 22.5 mm. For a refractive index ni of 1.40, the size L is approximately 20.5 mm. For a refractive index ni of 1.52, the size L is approximately 19 mm. For the optical refractive index ni of 1.60, size L is approximately 18 mm.

[0164] The use of prisms having an optimal angle a for a given refractive index ni of the prisms makes it possible to reduce the size L of the projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the glazing 100.

[0165] In Tables I, II and III below, applying the above method, we have calculated the minimum value MinFOV1, the optimal angle α for prisms of a multifaceted element having a constant angle α, and the angle i0 of the median direction of the pointing beam for the following values ​​of the inclination angle [3 of the glazing: 20 ±5 deg., 30 ±5 deg. and 40 ±5 deg. More precisely, the angle i0 of the median direction of the pointing beam represents the angle of incidence of the median direction of the pointing beam 40 forming, by refraction through the so-called median entrance face of the prism with angle αopt>, a median direction of the pointing beam 45 of the emission beam exiting the glazing forming an (exit) angle ε equal to 0 deg. with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane.

[0166] The values ​​of the angles a indicated in Tables LIX have an accuracy of ±2 degrees. ni 1.20 1.30 1.48 1.52 1.60 1.70 1.80 MinFOVl (deg.) 16 14 13 13 12 12 12 aopt(deg.) 20 25 32 33 35 38 40 z 0(deg.) 18 23 30 31 33 36 38

[0167] Table I: minimum angular opening, optimal angle a and angle of the median direction of pointing for the angle of inclination [3 of 20 ±5 deg.

[0168] From Table I, an optimal angle a, denoted aopt, ranging from +20 deg. to +40 deg. is deduced for a given optical refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and, preferably, an optimal angle aopt ranging from +32 deg. to +40 deg. for a given optical refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80. ni 1.20 1.30 1.48 1.52 1.60 1.70 1.80 MinFOVl (deg.) 21 20 18 18 17 17 17 aopt(deg.) 15 20 25 26 28 30 32 i +;5(deg.) 31 33 36 37 38 40 41 z 0(deg.) 13 17 23 24 26 29 30 i «(deg.) -1 6 14 16 18 21 24

[0169] Table II: Minimum angular opening, optimal angle a and the angle of the direction of pointing for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 30 +5 ​​deg.

[0170] In Table II, the angle i+i5 represents the angle of incidence of the uppermost extreme ray 41 of the lidar beam 70 on an entrance face 225 forming an angle aopt and corresponding to an uppermost extreme ray 46 of the emission beam exiting the glazing forming an angle i equal to +15 deg. with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane. Similarly, the angle i.i5 represents the angle of incidence of the lowermost extreme ray 42 on an entrance face 125, referred to as the lower face, forming an angle aopt and corresponding to a lowermost extreme ray 47 of the emission beam exiting the glazing forming an angle i equal to -15 deg. with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane.

[0171] From Table II, an optimal angle aopt ranging from 15 deg. to 32 deg. is deduced for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and, preferably, an angle optimal aopt ranging from +25 deg. to +32 deg. for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80. ni 1.20 1.30 1.48 1.52 1.60 1.70 1.80 MinFOVl (deg.) 25 23 22 22 22 21 21 aopt(deg.) 11 15 20 21 22 24 26 z 0(deg.) 10 14 18 19 21 23 24

[0172] Table III: optimal angle a and minimum angular opening for the tilt angle [3 equal to 40 +5 deg.

[0173] From Table III, an optimal angle a ranging from 11 deg. to 26 deg. is deduced for a given optical refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and, preferably, an optimal angle a ranging from +20 deg. to +26 deg. for a given optical refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80.

[0174] We will now describe a method for limiting the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam incident on the multifaceted element 20 while maximizing the vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the lidar emission beam emerging from the glazing. To this end, we propose using a multifaceted element comprising a series of prisms in which the angles of the prisms in the prism series are variable along the profile of the textured back surface.

[0175] The glazing is considered to be flat in the reference plane, and forms a positive angle of inclination [3 with a horizontal axis in the reference plane.

[0176] Figure 4 schematically illustrates such a multifaceted element 20 comprising a series of prisms 24, 124, 224, each having an angle α. More precisely, Figure 4 shows a prism 24 arranged so as to receive on its entrance face 25, called the median face, the median direction of the lidar beam 70 and prisms 124 and 224 located at the two ends of the multifaceted element 20 in the reference plane. The series of prisms is arranged with a spacing between adjacent prisms adapted according to the scanning spacing of the lidar emission beam in the reference plane. Naturally, the series of prisms generally comprises more than three prisms, all having different angles α. The median entrance face 25 of the prism 24 forms an angle a0 with a vertical axis 80. As indicated in relation to [Fig.3], the lidar beam incident on the face 25 of the prism 24 forms an entrance angle i' with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane.At one end of the multifaceted element 20, the prism 124 is arranged so as to receive on its lower entrance face 125 the lower extreme ray 42 of the lower angular half-aperture of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle. The entrance face 125. The lower face of prism 124 forms an angle θ with a vertical axis 180°. The lidar beam incident on the lower face 125 of prism 124 forms an angle θ' - 0.5 FOV1 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane. At the opposite end of the prism series, prism 224 is positioned to receive on its upper entrance face 225 the uppermost ray 41 of the upper angular half-opening of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle. The upper entrance face 225 of prism 224 forms an angle α+ with a vertical axis 280°. The lidar beam incident on the upper face 225 of prism 224 forms an angle θ' + 0.5 FOV1 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane.

[0177] The multifaceted element, here multi-prismatic, comprises a series of prisms 24, 124, 224, each forming an angle a less than 60 degrees for a given angle of inclination [3, for example of 30 deg.

[0178] As detailed below, and particularly advantageously, each prism has a specific angle α. More precisely, the angle α varies from the upper edge 10 to the lower edge 18 of the laminated glazing. For example, the angle α varies between -10 degrees and +60 degrees.

[0179] Figure 8 shows curves illustrating the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam incident on the internal main face of the glazing as a function of the angle a of the entrance face of the prisms with respect to a vertical axis for different values ​​of the optical refractive index ni of the prisms 24 of the multifaceted element 20, respectively taking the value of: 1.20, 1.30, 1.40, 1.48, 1.50, 1.60, 1.70 or 1.80. It can be observed that the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal lidar emission beam varies as a function of the optical refractive index of the prisms for the same vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the external lidar emission beam, here equal to 30 degrees (represented by a dashed line on Figure 8). On each curve we observe a range of FOV1 values ​​which is less than 30 degrees.The higher the refractive index of the prisms 24, the smaller the minimum vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal lidar emission beam. In particular, a minimum value for FOV1 is observed on each curve in [Fig. 8]. For example, for n equal to 1.80, the minimum FOV1 value corresponds to a prism angle α of approximately 32 degrees. Therefore, using prisms all with the same prism angle α of approximately 32 degrees allows us to go from an internal angular aperture FOV1 of 17 degrees to an external angular aperture FOV1 of 30 degrees, practically doubling it. The minimum method of each curve in [Fig.8] allows us to obtain the corresponding points of optimal angle a in [Fig.5] and minimum value of FOV1 in [Fig.6], as a function of the refractive index ni of the prisms 24, for prisms of constant angle.

[0180] It is desirable to further reduce the internal angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar beam, so as to reduce the size L of the lidar window. For example, it is desirable to limit the internal angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar beam to 10 degrees. For this purpose, prisms with variable angles α are used, as illustrated in [Fig. 4]. The angle α0 of the median entrance face 25 of the prism 24 is calculated as shown in [Fig. 8], by finding the minimum value of the internal angular aperture FOV1, knowing the refractive index ni of the prisms of the multifaceted element 20.

[0181] The entry angle i' of the median direction of pointé 40 of the lidar beam incident on the median entrance face 25 of the prism 24 is then calculated as a function of the angle a and the refractive index ni of the prisms of the multifaceted element 20. [Fig.9] shows simulation curves illustrating the entry angle denoted i' of the median direction of pointé, with respect to the horizontal, of the lidar emission beam incident on the multifaceted element 20 as a function of the angle a of the entrance face of the prisms with respect to a vertical axis, for different values ​​of the refractive index of the prisms of the multifaceted element. More specifically, [Fig.9] represents the curves of this entry angle i' for ni taking the respective value of: 1.20, 1.30, 1.40, 1.48, 1.50, 1.60, 1.70 or 1.80. We seek to have a median direction of pointing outside the vehicle for example horizontal (curve i=0 deg., represented by dashed line on [Fig.9]).On the curves in [Fig. 9], the angle of incidence i' of the median direction of the pointing is positive, which means that the median direction of the lidar pointing is oriented upwards, thus reducing the size of the lidar beam on the glazing (see also [Fig. 7]). For example, for an angle a0 of 32 deg. and ni equal to 1.80, we deduce the angle i' equal to approximately +30 deg.

[0182] The external vertical angular aperture FOV2, given and here equal to 30 degrees, corresponds to the extreme rays 46 and 47 respectively refracted through prism 124 and 224. In this example, the angle of beam 46 with respect to a horizontal axis is +15 degrees and the angle of beam 47 with respect to a horizontal axis is -15 degrees. These extreme rays correspond to the extreme rays 42 and 41 respectively of the lidar beam incident on prism 124 and 224. We seek to calculate the angle a- and a+ of prism 124 and 224 respectively, in order to limit FOV1, for example, to 10 degrees.

[0183] To this end, on [Fig. 10], the angle, denoted i'+0.5*FOV1, with respect to the horizontal of the uppermost extreme ray 41 of the lidar beam incident on the prism 224 is calculated as a function of the angle a+ of the prism 224. In this example, the angle of the uppermost extreme ray 46 with respect to a horizontal axis is +15 deg. (represented by a dashed line on [Fig. 10]). We seek the angle of prism 224 that allows us to obtain an uppermost extreme ray 41 forming with the horizontal an angle equal to a0 + 0.5*FOV1 = 30 + 0.5*10, or 35 degrees. The curves in [Fig. 10] allow us to determine, for a 224 prism with an optical index ni of 1.80, the angle a+ of the 224 prism to be approximately 40 degrees.

[0184] Similarly, in [Fig. 11], the angle, denoted i'-0.5*FOV1, relative to the horizontal of the lower extreme ray 42 of the lidar beam incident on the prism 124 is calculated as a function of the angle a- of the prism 124. In this example, the angle of the lower extreme ray 47 relative to a horizontal axis is -15 deg. (represented by a dashed line in [Fig. 11]). We seek the angle of prism 124 that allows us to obtain a lower extreme ray 42 forming with the horizontal an angle of a0 - 0.5*FOV1 = 30 - 0.5*10, or 25 deg. The curves of [Fig.1 1] allow us to determine, for a prism 124 having an optical index ni of 1.80, that the angle a- of the prism 124 is approximately 33 degrees.

[0185] This gives a range of prism angle values ​​between 32 deg. and about 43 deg. for a lidar having an internal angular aperture FOV1 of 10 degrees, for prisms having an optical refractive index ni of 1.80 and a given external angular aperture FOV2 of 30 degrees.

[0186] The same reasoning applies to a collimated lidar, i.e., one with a zero angular aperture FOV1. This yields a range of prism angle values ​​between 20 deg. and approximately 45 deg. for a collimated lidar and prisms having a refractive index ni of 1.80 and a given external angular aperture FOV2 of 30 degrees.

[0187] From the values ​​in Tables I, II or III, in particular the minimum value of FOV1, denoted MinFOV1, it has been calculated, in the following Tables IV to IX, respectively for the following values ​​of the angle of inclination [3: 20 deg., 30 deg. and 40 deg, and by applying the above method, the values ​​of the angles of the variable angle prisms: the values ​​of the angles a+ and respectively a of the prisms at the ends of a multifaceted element, and, possibly the value of the angle a0 of the prism on the median direction of pointing, either for a collimated lidar beam (FOV1 = 0 deg.), or to reduce the angular opening FOV1 of the lidar beam respectively: to a quarter of MinFOVl (FOV1= 0.25*MinFOVl), to half of MinFOVl (FOV1= 0.50* MinFOVl), to three-quarters of MinFOVl (FOV1= 0.75* MinFOV 1) and by 1 degree relative to the minimum value MinFOV 1 (FOV 1= MinFOVl-1 deg.), while maintaining the angular opening FOV2 of 30 degrees. FOV1 0 deg. 0.25*MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOV 1 0.75*MinFOV 1 MinFOVl-1 d eg- ni a+(deg.) a+(deg.) a+(deg.) a+(deg.) a+(deg.) 1.20 60 57 50 42 35 1.30 55 50 45 39 35 1.48 50 46 43 40 38 1.52 49 46 43 40 38 1.60 49 47 44 41 40 1.70 49 47 45 43 41 1.80 50 48 46 44 43

[0188] Table IV: variable angles a+ for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 20 ±5 deg.

[0189] From Table IV, for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 20 ±5 deg., we deduce an angle a+ ranging from +35° to +60° + 2°, preferably +1°, for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0° to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e., MinFOV1 - Ideg.). Also derived from Table IV is the angle a+ ranging from +38° to +48° + 2°, preferably +1°, for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from one-quarter of the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e., 0.25*MinFOV1) to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e., MinFOV1 - Ideg.). FO VI 0 deg. 0.25*MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOV 1 0.75*MinFOV 1 MinFOVl-1 d eg- ni a-(deg.) a-(deg.) a-(deg.) a-(deg.) a-(deg.) 1.20 -6 3 13 22 29 1.30 9 15 21 27 31 1.48 23 27 30 33 35 1.52 25 28 31 34 36 1.60 29 31 34 36 38 1.70 32 34 36 38 40 1.80 35 37 39 40 42

[0190] Table V: a-variable angles for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 20 +5 deg.

[0191] From table V, for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 20 +5 deg., an angle a. ranging from -6 deg. to +42 deg. + 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg., for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0 deg. to 1 degree below the value The minimum MinFOV1 (i.e., MinFOV1 - Ideg.) is also deduced from Table V, as is the angle a, ranging from +27° to +42° + 2°, preferably +1°, for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from one-quarter of the minimum value MinFOV1. (i.e., 0.25*MinFOVl) at 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e., MinFOVl -Ideg.). FO VI 0 deg. 0.25* MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOVl 0.75* MinFOVl MinFOVl-1 deg. ni a+j5(deg •) «o(deg •) a+15(deg.) a+j5(deg •) «o (deg.) a+15(deg.) a+j5(de g-) «o (deg.) 1.20 60 15 57 47 15 36 26 15 1.30 54 20 48 41 20 33 27 20 1.48 47 25 43 38 25 34 30 25 1.52 46 26 42 38 26 34 31 26 1.60 45 28 42 38 28 35 32 28 1.70 45 30 42 39 30 36 34 30 1.80 45 32 42 40 32 37 35 32

[0192] Table VI: angles a+variables and angle a0 for [3 equal to 30 +5 ​​deg.

[0193] From Table VI, for the angle of inclination [3 equal to 30 +5 ​​deg., an angle a+ ranging from +15 deg. to +60 deg. + 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg., for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0 deg. to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. MinFOVl - Ideg.). Also derived from Table VI is the angle a+ ranging from +30 deg. to +43 deg. + 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg., for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from one-quarter of the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. 0.25*MinFOVl) to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. MinFOVl - Ideg.). FO VI 0 deg. 0.25*MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOV 1 0.75*MinFOV 1 MinFOVl-1 d eg- ni a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) 1.20 -25 -15 -3 10 20 1.30 -6 1 9 17 23 1.48 10 15 20 24 28 1.52 13 17 21 25 29 1.60 17 20 24 28 30 1.70 21 24 27 30 32 1.80 24 27 29 32 34

[0194] Table VII: variable angles for [3 equal to 30 ±5 deg.

[0195] From Table VII, for the angle of inclination [3] equal to 30 ± 5 deg., an angle a ranging from -25 deg. to +34 deg. ± 2 deg., preferably ± 1 deg., is deduced for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0 deg. to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e., MinFOV1 - Ideg.). Also deduced from Table VII is the angle a ranging from +15 deg. to +34 deg. ± 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg. for an optical refractive index ni given ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from a quarter of the minimum value MinFOV 1 (i.e. 0.25*MinFOVl) to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. MinFOVl -Ideg.). FO VI 0 deg. 0.25*MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOV 1 0.75*MinFOV 1 MinFOVl-1 d eg- ni a+15(deg.) a+15(deg.) a+15(deg.) a+15(deg.) a+15(deg.) 1.20 60 56 45 32 19 1.30 53 46 38 28 20 1.48 44 39 34 28 23 1.52 43 39 34 28 24 1.60 42 38 33 29 25 1.70 41 37 34 30 27 1.80 40 37 34 31 28

[0196] Table VIII: variable angles a+ for the angle of inclination [3 greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg.

[0197] From Table VIII, for the angle of inclination [3] greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., an angle a+ ranging from +19 deg. to +60 deg. + 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg., is deduced for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0 deg. to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e., MinFOV1 - Ideg.). Also deduced from Table VIII is the angle a+ ranging from +23 deg. to +39 deg. + 2 deg., preference ± 1 deg., for an optical refractive index ni given ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from a quarter of the minimum value MinFOV 1 to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e. MinFOV1 - Ideg.). FO VI 0 deg. 0.25*MinFOV 1 0.50*MinFOV 1 0.75*MinFOV 1 MinFOVl-1 d eg- ni a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) a-15(deg.) 1.20 -30 -26 -14 1 14 1.30 -18 -10 -1 9 17 1.48 0 5 11 17 21 1.52 2 7 13 18 22 1.60 7 11 16 20 24 1.70 11 15 18 22 25 1.80 14 18 21 24 27

[0198] Table IX: variable angles for the angle of inclination [3 greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg.

[0199] From Table IX, for an angle of inclination [3] greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., an angle a. ranging from -30 deg. to +27 deg. ± 2 deg., preferably ± 1 deg., is deduced for a given refractive index ni ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from 0 deg. to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOV1 (i.e. MinFOV1 - Ideg.). Also deduced from Table IX is an angle a. ranging from +5 deg. to +27 deg. ± 2 deg., preferably + 1 deg. for an optical refractive index ni given ranging from 1.48 to 1.80 and for a vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view ranging from a quarter of the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. 0.25*MinFOVl) to 1 degree below the minimum value MinFOVl (i.e. MinFOVl -Ideg.).

[0200] For each angle of inclination [3, we thus obtain a multifaceted element 20 in which the angle of the prisms varies progressively from the prism 24 (on the median direction of pointing) towards each of the extreme edges.

[0201] The above value tables make it possible to manufacture a multifaceted element having prisms of variable angle in the reference plane so as to adjust as needed the angular opening of the lidar emission beam inside the vehicle, while maximizing the angular opening of the lidar emission beam outside the vehicle.

[0202] Remarkably, it is thus possible to use a lidar having a very small internal field of view with a vertical angular aperture FOV1, for example of 10 deg. or even 9 deg. or 8 deg. while obtaining an enlarged external field of view with a vertical angular aperture FOV2, for example here of 30 deg.

[0203] Figures 12 to 24 illustrate various ways of integrating the multifaceted element 20 into a glazing unit. These figures include the following common elements. The laminated glazing 100, 100', 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 comprises a first glass sheet 1, a lamination interlayer 3, and a second glass sheet 2. The infrared vision system 7 is housed in a casing 8, for example, made of plastic or metal. The casing 8 is attached by a fastening means in a removable manner, for example, by clipping. The casing 8 is attached, for example, (fully) to the fourth main face 14 of the second glass sheet 2 by the fastening means in a removable manner, for example, by clipping. Alternatively, the housing 8 is fixed to a support 80, preferably multi-functional (a multi-sensor plate, with antenna etc.) fixed (glued) to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2.According to another variant, the housing 8 is fixed to the face F4 or to the support 80 and also to an element of the vehicle, for example the roof of the vehicle, in particular to the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork 160 which is glued to the periphery of the glazing (on face 14 or face 12 if partial hole or on the support 80 if through hole of the glazing) via an adhesive 60. A seal 161 (extruded etc) with preferably a lip 162 is between the bodywork 160 and the edge of the glazing (and even of the support 80 where applicable, see figures 25 and 27).

[0204] According to various embodiments, the light source 71 and the detection device 72 are arranged side by side in a vertical plane (Figures 12-13), in a horizontal plane (not shown), or in a plane inclined with respect to a horizontal plane ([Fig. 14]). The laminated glass advantageously comprises a masking layer 5 disposed between the first glass sheet 1 and the lamination interlayer 3. The masking layer 5 is bonded to the second internal principal face 12 of the first glass sheet 1. The masking layer 5 is also bonded to the principal face 38 of the lamination interlayer 3. The masking layer 5 is opaque to visible and near-infrared radiation, for example, black, such as an enamel coating or a lacquer. The masking layer 5 is suitable for masking the lidar housing 8. The masking layer 5 has a spare area with dimensions larger than the horizontal and vertical field of view of the lidar 7.The space in the masking layer 5 allows the passage of the lidar emission beam 70 and the reflected beam towards the detection device 72. The space in the masking layer has, for example, a rectangular or trapezoidal shape with two long horizontal sides 501, 502 and two short sides (see figures of front views).

[0205] Advantageously, the glazing system comprises a perforated support or plate 80 (on face F4), which may also house, via an opening 81, the multi-faceted element 20 or form a base for the multi-faceted element 20. The plate 80 may optionally form a base for one or more other sensors 601, 602, 603, such as a rain sensor, a visible camera, etc. The plate 80 is connected to the rear main face 14 of the glazing and / or to the housing 8 and / or to the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment.

[0206] According to an example of an embodiment ([Fig.23]), the plate 80 is transparent to lidar radiation, the multifaceted element then being placed on the rear face of this plate 80, on the passenger compartment side.

[0207] According to other embodiments (figures 18, 21), the plate 80 is opaque or absorbing to lidar radiation, the plate having a through hole 81 or a notch in which the multifaceted element is disposed.

[0208] Figures 12 and 13 show a laminated glazing unit 100 comprising a multi-faceted element 20 according to a first embodiment, in which the multi-prismatic element 20 is bonded to the fourth principal face 14 of the second glass sheet 2. The multi-prismatic element 20 is, for example, that illustrated in [Fig. 3], 3' or 4 (or 4'). This embodiment has the advantage of not weakening the structure of the laminated glazing. This example can be manufactured in various ways. For example, the multi-faceted element 20 is bonded, for example by an adhesive 6 (in particular forming a camouflage layer), to the fourth principal face 14 of the second glass sheet 2. Alternatively, the multi-faceted element is shaped, for example by deposition or etching on the second glass sheet to form the series of prisms 24.Alternatively, the multifaceted element 20 is shaped, for example in a material having the refractive index ni, to form the series of prisms 24, which is then attached to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2.

[0209] In [Fig. 12], the textured rear surface of the prism series is exposed to the open air inside the vehicle.

[0210] On [Fig. 13], the second face 12 of the glazing 100' has a camouflage layer 110 in the space delimited by the edges 501,502 of the layer 5.

[0211] In particular, in Figures 13-17, a coating 101 conforming to the textured back surface extends over the prism series. The conforming coating 101 does not in any way alter the optical function of the textured back surface by the prism series. The coating 101 forms, for example, an anti-reflective layer in the IR or a scratch-resistant layer. Patent document WO2022 / 200735 describes, for example, such an anti-reflective layer in the IR. Advantageously, the first glass sheet 1, the lamination interlayer 3, the part 9 comprising the multifaceted element 20 with Coating 101 exhibits a total transmission of at least 90.0% at the working wavelength LB1.

[0212] Optionally, the glazing 100 also includes a functional layer 110 is disposed on the second internal principal face 12, referred to as F2, of the first glass sheet 1. The functional layer 110 is, for example, a heating layer that is transparent in the IR or a camouflage layer. Patent document WO2022 / 208025 describes, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer that is transparent in the IR and allows for localized heating of the glazing. Patent document WO2022 / 219273 describes, for example, a camouflage layer disposed between the face F2 of a glazing and the front face of a part. Patent document WO2023 / 118710 describes, for example, an adhesive camouflage layer.

[0213] Figures 14-19 schematically represent, in lateral sectional view, a vehicle glazing according to various variants of a second embodiment.The glazing 200 is here a laminated glazing and an insert or piece 9 forming the multifaceted element 20 is disposed at least in part in a fully through hole 4 of the second glass sheet 2 of the laminated glazing. In figures 14-17 the hole 4 is closed, i.e. away from the edge of the glazing.

[0214] The component 9 is, for example, made of a mineral material (in particular glass or glass-ceramic) or is transparent at least at the operating wavelength LB1 of the lidar. Patent document WO2022 / 175634 describes, for example, a suitable material for such a mineral component.

[0215] Alternatively, part 9 is made of a polymer transparent at least at the lidar working wavelength LB1. Patent document WO2022 / 175635 describes, for example, a suitable material for such a polymer part.

[0216] In the example illustrated in [Fig.14], part 9 has a main front surface called the bonding surface, preferably bonded, with the main rear face 39 of the lamination interlayer 3. The rear surface of part 9 here forms the textured rear surface of the multifaceted element 20 having in the reference plane a profile structured by a series of structures, in particular a series of prisms.

[0217] According to the variant illustrated in [Fig.15], the lamination interlayer 3 is locally thinned at the right of the through hole 4, to form an upper interlayer 31 bonded on one face to the first glass sheet 1 and on the opposite face to the main front surface of the part 9 ([Fig. 15]).

[0218] In the example illustrated in [Fig.16], the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 has a main front surface which is bonded to a thin adhesive layer, for example, of PVB or EVA or OCA 31'. A camouflage film 110 is sandwiched between another thin adhesive layer on the face F2 12 and the thin adhesive layer 31'.

[0219] In the example illustrated in [Fig.17], the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 has a main front surface 91 which is in adhesive contact (directly) with the face F2 12.

[0220] It is preferred that the prismatic element be spaced away from the walls delimiting the through hole 4. It can be placed before lamination (especially if the interlayer is kept even if thinned) or after lamination (in particular if layer(s) of OC A glue, especially PSA).

[0221] Advantageously, the first glass sheet 1, the lamination interlayer 3, the multiprismatic element 20 (part 9) with the antireflective element 110 have a total transmission of at least 90.0% at the working wavelength. Optionally, the glazing 100 further comprises a functional layer 110 disposed on the second internal principal face 12, referred to as F2, of the first glass sheet 1 ([Fig. 21]). The functional layer 110 is, for example, an IR-transparent heating layer or a camouflage layer. Patent document WO2022 / 208025 describes, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, IR-transparent and enabling localized heating of the glazing. Patent document WO2022 / 219273 describes, for example, a camouflage layer disposed between the F2 face of a glazing and the front face of a part. Patent document WO2023 / 118710 describes, for example, an adhesive camouflage layer.

[0222] According to a particular and advantageous aspect which can be combined with any of the embodiments described, the support 80 is multifunctional, arranged so as to allow the integration of several other sensors, such as a rain sensor 601 and / or an area for a thermal camera 602 and / or an area for a camera operating in the visible range 603. The sensors are for example arranged around the periphery of the plate 80 around the multi-prismatic element 20 dedicated to the lidar (see figures 19, 24).

[0223] Figures 19, 22, and 24 show a front view of glazing according to various embodiments. The edges 801, 802, 803, and 804 of the support 80 are visible, as are, optionally, the edges 401, 402, 403, and 404 of the through-hole. In Figures 23 and 24, the multi-prismatic element 20 is mounted on the support 80 inside the vehicle.

[0224] The through hole 4 is, for example, trapezoidal in shape and has a first long side 401, or so-called upper longitudinal edge, closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing 10, preferably parallel to this edge 10, with a length of at most 20 cm, for example 8 cm, and spaced at least 5 cm or 6 cm from the edge 10, a second long side 402, or so-called lower longitudinal edge (furthest from the edge of the upper longitudinal edge 10, near the central area), parallel to the first long side, with a length of at most 25 cm or 20 cm, and preferably larger than that of the first long side, for example 14 cm, two short sides 403, 404 or straight or oblique lateral edges. The height (between the long sides 401 and 402) is at least 5 cm, here 0 cm. The through hole 4 may have rounded corners.

[0225] The through hole 4 is advantageously located in a peripheral central region along the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the laminated windshield. The through hole 4, whether closed or open, may be located in another region of the windshield 200 or even in another glazing of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.

[0226] The masking layer 5 has dimensions greater than or equal to those of the through hole 4. Preferably, the masking layer 5 is positioned directly above the through hole 4. The dimensions of the through hole 4 are adapted for the passage of the lidar emission beam 70 over the horizontal and vertical field of view of the lidar 7. The through hole also allows the passage of the reflected beam towards the detection device 72 over the entire field of view of the lidar.

[0227] Figures 2 and 19 show a front view of a glazing 100, 200 according to the first or second embodiment. The multi-faceted element 20 is mounted on a plate 29 inside the vehicle. The edges 501, 502, 503, 504 of the blank space are visible in the masking layer 5, and optionally the edges 401, 402, 403, 404 of the through hole in the case of the second embodiment.

[0228] Figures 21 to 24 show glazing according to fifth and sixth embodiments in which the laminated glazing has a complete through hole 4 and even, in this case, a notch 4' through all the sheets of glazing 500, 600, in particular the two glass sheets 1, 2, the lamination interlayer 3, and the masking layer 5, and in which the multi-prismatic element 20, comprising a part 9, is inserted into the through hole and fixed to a support 80, in particular a multi-functional one, inserted into the notch 4'. The through hole 4' or the notch passes through the first glass sheet 1, the lamination interlayer 3, and the second glass sheet 2 of the laminated glazing. The support (or plate 80) is shaped and arranged so as to close the through hole 4'.Preferably, the main external surface of the support 80 is flush or sub-flush with the main external surface 11 of the first sheet of glass 1 so as to form a continuous main external surface for the glazing 400 (see [Fig.21], 23).

[0229] The support 80 (too opaque for lidar) may have an orifice 81 to house the multi-prismatic element 20 ([Fig.21]).

[0230] The support 80 can form part of the near-infrared transmission window 111 for the lidar ([Fig. 23]). In this case, the support 80 comprises, for example, a plastic material or glass transparent at the operating wavelength of the lidar. The support 80 is monolithic or laminated, for example, laminated with a plastic sheet. The multiprismatic element 20, for example, formed by molding, is fixed to the main internal surface of the support 80, for example, by an adhesive 6, for example, of camouflage 110. Optionally, the main internal surface of the multi-prismatic element 20 is flush with the main internal surface 12 of the second glass sheet 2 so as to form a continuous main internal surface for the glazing 600.

[0231] According to an advantageous aspect, the support 80 located on the external face of the glazing ([Fig. 21], 23) may have a hydrophobic external coating that prevents raindrops from pooling. Such a hydrophobic coating may, for example, be made of a fluoropolymer that provides self-cleaning, stain-resistant and / or moisture-resistant properties.

[0232] In the fifth and sixth embodiments, in particular as illustrated in figures 25 and 27, the support plate 80 is fixed, for example by gluing or by a seal 61 to the glazing.

[0233] According to a particular aspect applicable to embodiments 500 and especially 600, a masking layer 82 (coating) is applied to the support 80 (which may be transparent), opaque in the visible and near-infrared regions, for example black, particularly at the operating wavelength. The masking layer 82 protects against UV radiation, particularly the adhesive 60 if necessary.

[0234] According to a particular aspect applicable to all embodiments, a camouflage layer (adhesive or non-adhesive coating) is disposed on the front face of the multiprismatic element 20 or on the support 80 or face F2 or F4. The camouflage layer extends at least over the front surface of the multiprismatic element. Advantageously, the camouflage layer extends over the area of ​​the masking layer 5 so as to ensure the continuity of the masking layer 5. The camouflage layer is opaque in the visible spectrum, for example black, and transparent in the near-infrared, particularly at the working wavelength. The camouflage layer is in the form of a film or adhesive coating.

Claims

1. Demands Glazing system comprising vehicle glazing (100 to 600), the glazing comprising: a first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing with a first external main face (11) and a second main face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated, comprising a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face (13) oriented towards the second main face (12) and a fourth main face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and a lamination interlayer (3) made of polymer material disposed between the second internal main face (12) and the third main face (13), the glazing being intended to form an angle of inclination (|3) of less than 90 degrees with a horizontal axis in the vehicle, the glazing having a near-infrared transmission window (111) at a working wavelength LB1 in a near-infrared range, the near-infrared transmission window (111) being capable of receiving an emission beam (70) at said working wavelength from a lidar (7) intended to be disposed in the vehicle's passenger compartment, the emission beam (70) having, in a reference plane which is a lateral section plane of the glazing, a median direction of point (30) and extending over an internal field of view of determined vertical angular aperture (FOV1), the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle, in the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device,the emission beam (70) having an internal field of view with an internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) and at the exit of the glazing having an external field of view with an external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) characterized in that the optical device comprises a multifaceted element (20), linked to the glazing, the multifaceted element (20) having a textured rear surface having in the reference plane, a profile structured by a series of structures (24, 124, 224), each structure (24, 124, 224) having an entrance face (25, 125, 225), and in that the multifaceted element (20) is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam (70) on the entrance faces (25, 125, 225) of the series of structures (24, 124, 224), each entrance face (25, 125, 225) forming a given angle (a, a0, a+, a.) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane so as to angularly deviate the median direction of pointé (45) of the emission beam exiting the glazing and so that the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1).

2. System according to claim 1 comprising a coating (101) conforming to the textured back surface of the multifaceted element (20) extending over said textured back surface.

3. A system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein, in the reference plane, the angle (a, a0, a+, a.) of the structures (24, 124, 224) is constant and equal to an optimal angle value (aopt) as a function of the given refractive index of the structures, preferably ranging from 1.48 to 1.80, -the optimal angle value ranging from +32 deg. to +40 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 20 +5 deg., -the optimal angle value ranging from +25 deg. to +32 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 30 +5 ​​deg. excluding 25 deg., -the optimal angle value ranging from +20 deg. to +26 deg. for a glazing inclination angle of 40 +5 deg. excluding 35 deg.

4. System according to any one of claims 1 or 2 wherein, in the reference plane, the angle (a, a0, a+, a.) of the structures (24, 124, 224) varies progressively along the textured back surface, from the so-called median entrance face (25) of a structure (24) of the structured profile arranged to receive the median pointing direction of the emission beam (70) to the entrance faces (125, 225) of the structures (124, 224) of the textured back surface arranged to receive respectively extreme rays of the emission beam (70) corresponding to the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1).

5. A system according to claim 4, wherein, in the reference plane, the angle (a, a0, a+, a) of the structures (24, 224) exhibits a first progressive variation from the angle (a0) of the median entrance face (25) of the structure (24) arranged to receive the median pointing direction of the emission beam (70) to the angle (a+) of the upper entrance face (225) of the structure (224) arranged to receive the upper extreme radius (41) of the lidar beam (70) corresponding to the upper angular half-opening of the lidar beam inside the vehicle and in which the angle (a, ao, a+, a.) of the structures (24, 124) has a second progressive variation from the angle (a0) of the median entrance face (25) of the structure (24) arranged to receive the median direction of pointing of the emission beam (70) to the angle (a.) of the lower entrance face (125) of the structure (124) arranged to receive a ray of the lidar beam (70) propagating along an extreme lower ray (42) corresponding to a lower angular half-opening of the lidar beam inside the vehicle.

6. A system according to claim 4 or 5 wherein, starting from a minimum vertical angular aperture (FOV1), denoted minFOV1, as a function of a refractive index of the structures (24, 124, 224), preferably denoted nb, ranging from 1.48 to 1.80, for a series of reference structures having a constant angle, the angle (a+) of the upper entrance face (225) is determined such that the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view is equal to, respectively: one-quarter of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.25*MinFOV1), one-half of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.50*MinFOV1), three-quarters of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.75*MinFOV1), or 1 degree less than the minimum value MinFOV1 (FOV1 = MinFOVl-1 deg.).

7. A system according to any one of claims 4 to 6 wherein: - for the inclination angle (|3) equal to 20 ±5 deg., the angle (a+) of the upper inlet face (225) ranging from 38 deg. to 48 deg. ± 2 deg., - or for the inclination angle (|3) equal to 30 ±5 deg. excluding 25 deg., the angle (a+) of the upper inlet face (225) ranging from 30 deg. to 43 deg. ± 2 deg., - for the inclination angle (|3) greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., the angle (a+) of the upper inlet face (225) ranging from 23 deg. to 39 deg. ± 2 deg.

8. A system according to any one of claims 4 to 7 wherein, starting from a minimum value of vertical angular aperture (FOV1), denoted minFOV1, as a function of a refractive index of the structures (24, 124, 224), denoted nB preferably ranging from 1.48 to 1.80, for a series of reference structures having a constant angle, the angle (a.) of the lower entrance face (125) is determined so that the vertical angular opening (FOV1) of the internal field of view is equal respectively to: one quarter of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.25 * MinFOV1), to one half of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.50 * MinFOV1), to three quarters of MinFOV1 (FOV1 = 0.75 * MinFOV1) or less than 1 degree compared to the minimum value MinFOV1 (FOV1 = MinFOV1 - 1 deg.),

9. System according to any one of claims 4 to 8 wherein: -for the inclination angle (|3) equal to 20 ±5 deg., the angle (œ) of the lower inlet face (125) ranging from +27 deg. to +42 deg. + 2 deg., -or for the inclination angle (|3) equal to 30 +5 ​​deg. excluding 25 deg., the angle (a.) of the lower inlet face (125) ranging from +15 deg. to +34 deg. + 2 deg., -or for the inclination angle (|3) greater than 35 deg. and less than 50 deg., (œ) of the lower inlet face (125) ranging from +5 deg. to +27 deg. + 2 deg.

10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multifaceted element, in particular prismatic (20), is structured in a single direction or wherein the series of prisms (24) has two-dimensional geometric shapes such as polyhedra or pyramids.

11. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the multifaceted element, in particular prismatic, is disposed in a partial or through hole (4) of the glazing in particular laminated, in particular notch-forming hole, the multifaceted element then being in particular linked to the second main face (12) or to a support (80) in particular multifunctional, or in that the multifaceted element is linked to the fourth main face (14) of the laminated glazing.

12. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the front surface of the multifaceted element (20) is linked: - to the second main face (12) of the laminated glazing, in a hole (4) through the second sheet of glass; - to the fourth main face (14) of the laminated glazing; - to a support (80), in particular a multifunctional one, linked to the glazing via a wall defining a hole (4') through the glazing, in particular a laminated one, the multifaceted element being linked in particular to the rear main surface of the support or in a hole through the support; - linked to a wall defining a hole (4) through the glazing, in particular forming a notch. -or to a main rear surface, oriented towards the passenger compartment, of a piece forming an insert in a partial hole in the glazing and linked to the second main face (12).

13. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multifaceted element (20), in particular prismatic, comprises a textured part or is a textured coating, in particular with an optical refractive index neither greater than nor equal to 1.20 and less than or equal to 1.80 at the working wavelength.

14. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the laminated glazing has a through hole (4) in the second sheet of glass, a partial or through hole in the lamination interlayer, called interlayer hole, at the same time as the hole in the second sheet.

15. System according to any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein the laminated glazing has a through hole preferably forming a notch, a support (80) is housed in the through hole preferably has a front principal surface flush with the first external principal face (11) and is in particular bonded to the wall delimiting the through hole (4), and has a rear principal surface bearing the multifaceted or textured element to form the multifaceted element or the support is perforated to house the multifaceted element.

16. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a peripheral masking layer (5) linked to the second main face (12) and optionally another masking layer (82) on a main surface of a support (80), in particular multifunctional, in a through hole of the laminated glazing, in particular wherein the near-infrared transmission window is in an opening of the masking layer (5) and even of the optional other masking layer (82).

17. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer, preferably a camouflage layer, in particular disposed in the opening of a masking layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-faceted element (20) or forming part of the multi-faceted element (20), and wherein in particular the camouflage layer is adhesive, bonding the multi-faceted element to one of the principal faces of the glazing or to a support (80), in particular a multifunctional one, in a through hole in the glazing laminated or one piece (9) in a through hole in the second sheet of the laminated glazing.

18. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a lidar infrared vision system, the infrared vision system comprising a light source (71) and a detection device (72), the light source being capable of generating the near-infrared emission beam (70) in which preferably the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) by at least 5°, the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) is less than or equal to 26 degrees.

19. Method of obtaining said multi-faceted element of refractive index ni for the glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, each entrance face (25, 125, 225) forming an angle (a, a0, a+, a) with a vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane, the method comprising the following steps: -defining an entrance angle i' with respect to the horizontal of a pointing direction (45) of the lidar upstream of the multi-faceted element as a function of the angle i of the pointing direction (45) downstream of the glazing with respect to the horizontal and said entrance angle a, defining i' according to the following equation EQ1: i(i, a)-arcsin( n^in(arcsinP + i-j')) -fj-a + ÿ)) + a) - calculating the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) as a function of the entry angle a for the given refractive index ni and for the given external vertical angular aperture (FOV2), FOV1(°) = li'(a, i= i0+FOV2 / 2 ) - i'(a,i = i0 - FOV2 / 2 )l with iO of a median direction of pointing (45) of the lidar downstream of the glazing with respect to the horizontal preferably iO = 0 + 5 degrees, so as to deduce a minimum value of vertical angular aperture (MinFOVl) and a corresponding value of optimal angle (aopt) for a series of reference structures having entrance faces forming a constant angle; - application of the value of the optimal angle (aopt) to a median entrance face (25) of a structure (24) arranged on a median direction (40) of pointing of the emission beam; - calculation of an entrance angle i' with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, of the median direction (40) of pointing of the beam, emission (70) on the median entrance face (25) for a given angle i of the median direction of pointing (45) of the emission beam exiting the glazing, with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, by applying the formula EQ1 in which a is equal to the value of the optimal angle (aopt); - setting a target value for the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) that is lower than the minimum value for the internal vertical angular aperture (MinFOVl); - calculation of the angle a+ of the lower entrance face (125) of a structure (124) arranged to receive an upper extreme ray (41) of the emission beam under an entrance angle (i'+0.5*FOVl) equal to the sum of the entrance angle i' on the median entrance face (25) and half of the target value of the vertical angular aperture (FOV1), by reversing the formula EQ1 in which the entrance angle i' is replaced by i'+0.5*FOVl; - calculation of the angle a of the upper entrance face (225) of a structure (224) arranged to receive an extreme lower ray (42) of the emission beam under an entrance angle (F-0.5*FOV1) equal to the difference between the entrance angle i' on the median entrance face (25) and half the target value of the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1), by inverting the formula EQ1 in which the entrance angle i' is replaced by i'-0.5*FOV1.

Images