BUILDING AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING

Abstract

BUILDING AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING A building (1) comprises a support (4) with anchor points (3) and first construction modules (2a) provided with a floor (5) fixed to first side walls (7a). The first construction modules (2a) comprise a non-load-bearing or ceiling-free ceiling (6). The first side walls (7a) are in a mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder. The mass content of particles is between 30% and 70%. The first construction modules (2a) are supported by the support (4) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls (7a) and the support (4). First fixing plates (8a) are fixed to the top of the first side walls (7a). First tie rods (9a) connect the first fixing plates (8a) to the anchor points (3) to apply a vertical compressive force.

Description

Title of the invention: BUILDING AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a building and a method of assembling a building. State of the art

[0002] In order to speed up the construction of buildings, it has become common to produce prefabricated elements in the form of walls or modules, i.e. an assembly comprising side walls and at least one floor or ceiling.

[0003] Once the prefabricated element has been produced, it is necessary to transport it and then install it on the construction site, for example by means of a crane. It is known to produce walls and modules from concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, or even wood. The use of walls saves time on the assembly of a building but it does not reduce the time allocated to the second work.

[0004] An interesting embodiment lies in the manufacture of prefabricated modules which can be functionalized, for example prefabricated modules equipped with frames, interior finishes, sanitary facilities, kitchen or a heating element before their delivery to the site. In addition to the problems of dimensions which may require transport by exceptional convoy, there is a problem of weight and adaptability to needs.

[0005] Concrete or reinforced concrete modules are heavy, which complicates transport and requires the use of specially adapted cranes. Thermal performance is poor, which requires the installation of a significant insulating layer. Metal frame modules offer low thermal and acoustic comfort. Here again, it is necessary to use an insulating material. Modules exist that have a wooden frame. The wooden frame allows for a low-mass module, which facilitates its transport, but the technical performance is limited, particularly with regard to mechanical performance. The wooden frame also has poor fire performance and acoustic performance.

[0006] Also known from document EP4326951 is the construction of a building which consists of stacking several modules made from a mixture of a mineral binder and wood particles. The material used allows for a very good compromise between an interesting carbon footprint, good mechanical performance, good sound performance and good thermal performance. However, the association of the different modules is carried out by a step of pouring concrete to form beams on the construction site. When designing the building, it is necessary to di note the recesses in the modules in order to produce beams with the dimensions required to address structural issues. Statement of the invention

[0007] An object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, and more particularly to provide a building formed by one or more modules and which can be implemented more quickly than the configurations of the prior art, for example by avoiding a step of pouring concrete.

[0008] We tend to resolve these drawbacks by means of a building comprising: - a support provided with a plurality of anchor points; - at least one first construction module comprising a floor fixed to first side walls, the at least one first construction module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or having no ceiling, the first side walls being made from a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of particles of plant material being between 30% and 70%, the at least one first construction module being supported by the support solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls and the support; - first fixing plates fixed to the upper ends of the first side walls; - first tie rods attached to the first fixing plates and anchor points, the first tie rods applying a vertical compressive force to the first side walls.

[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, the first tie rods comprise first rods attached to the anchor points and first nuts screwed to the first rods. The first fixing plates are attached to the first side walls by screwing and define a passage hole for the passage of the first rods. The first screwed nuts apply the compressive force to the first fixing plates to apply the compressive force to the first side walls.

[0010] Preferably, the first rods are removable from the anchoring points and removable from the first fixing plates.

[0011] In a particular embodiment, said at least one first construction module comprises at least two first construction modules arranged next to each other in a horizontal direction. A first fixing plate is attached to two adjacent first construction modules.

[0012] Advantageously, the first two adjacent construction modules are in contact or are spaced apart by a distance less than a thickness of the first rod. The first two construction modules define a passage hole of the first rod between the anchor point and the first fixing plate.

[0013] In a particular embodiment, the building comprises: - at least one second construction module comprising a floor fixed to second side walls, the at least one second construction module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or having no ceiling, the at least one second construction module being supported by the at least one first construction module solely by means of a load-bearing support between the second side walls and the first side walls, the second side walls being made from the first mixture; - second fixing plates fixed to the upper ends of the second side walls; - second tie rods attached to the second fixing plates and to the first fixing plates, the second tie rods applying a vertical compressive force to the second side walls.

[0014] Preferably, the second tie rods comprise second rods and second nuts, the second rods being screwed into the first nuts of the first tie rods. The second nuts are screwed to the second rods. The second fixing plates are fixed to the second side walls of the second construction modules by screwing. The screwed second nuts apply the compressive force to the second fixing plates to apply the compressive force to the second side walls.

[0015] In another development, the compressive force applied to the second side walls of the second construction modules is different from the compressive force applied to the first side walls of the first construction modules.

[0016] The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building which is easier than the methods of the prior art while allowing the configuration of the building to be modified quickly and ensuring good load recovery. This problem is tended to be solved by means of a method of constructing a building comprising the following successive stages: - providing a support provided with anchor points and at least one first construction module placed on the support, the at least one first construction module comprising a floor fixed to first side walls, the at least one first construction module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or having no ceiling, the first side walls being made from a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of particles of plant material being between 30% and 70%, the first side walls being in load-bearing support on the support for support at least one first building module; - connecting first fixing plates to the anchor points by first tie rods and applying a vertical compressive force to the first side walls by means of the first tie rods, the first fixing plates being fixed to an upper end of the first side walls of the at least one first construction module.

[0017] Preferably, several first construction modules are arranged on the support. The first tie rods pass between two adjacent first construction modules to fix the first tie rods to the anchor points.

[0018] Preferably, the first tie rods have first rods and first nuts. The first rods are fixed to the anchor points after having placed the at least one first construction module on the support. The first fixing plates define a passage hole for the first rods and the first fixing plates are fixed to the first side walls by screwing. The first nuts are screwed to the first rods to apply a compressive force on the first fixing plates and apply a compressive force on the first side walls. Description of the drawings

[0019] Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given as non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:

[0020] [Fig. 1] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a building comprising several construction modules;

[0021] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two first construction modules intended to be installed on a support;

[0022] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first construction module placed on the support and another first construction module intended to be installed on the support;

[0023] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two construction modules placed on the support above an anchor point;

[0024] [Fig.5] schematically illustrates a perspective view of the fixing of a first fixing plate on two first construction modules;

[0025] [Fig.6] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first fixing plate fixed to two first construction modules;

[0026] [Fig.7] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first fixing plate fixed to two first construction modules and a second construction module construction placed on a first construction module;

[0027] [Fig.8] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second construction modules placed on the first construction modules;

[0028] [Fig.9] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second modules of construction placed on the first construction modules with removal of part of the second construction modules;

[0029] [Fig. 10] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second roof modules placed on the second building modules with a roof fixing plate ready for fixing;

[0030] [Fig. 11] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second roof modules placed on the second building modules with a roof fixing plate attached;

[0031] [Fig.12] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a support with an anchor point, a first tie rod and a first construction module;

[0032] [Fig. 13] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a support supporting a first construction module with a first tie rod fixed to an anchor point and passing through the first construction module;

[0033] [Fig. 14] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module with a first fixing plate ready for fixing;

[0034] [Fig. 15] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module with a first fixing plate fixed, a first nut being fixed to the first rod of the first tie rod;

[0035] [Fig. 16] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module surmounted by a second construction module with a second tie rod passing through the second construction module;

[0036] [Fig. 17] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module surmounted by a second construction module with a second tie rod passing through the second construction module, the second tie rod being attached to a first fixing plate;

[0037] [Fig. 18] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second building module topped with a second tie rod and a roof fixing plate ready for installation;

[0038] [Fig. 19] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second building module topped with a second tie rod ready for installation and a roof fixing plate attached;

[0039] [Fig.20] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second construction module topped with a second tie rod and a roof fixing plate attached. Detailed description

[0040] [Fig.l] to 20 represent different embodiments of a building 1 made by the association of several construction modules 2. [Fig.l] represents a building 1 which comprises seven construction modules 2 divided into three first construction modules 2a, two second construction modules 2b and two top construction modules also called roof modules 2c. The construction module 2 can have a length of between 2 and 10m and a width of between 2 and 5m.

[0041] The first building modules 2a define a first level which may be a ground floor. The second building modules 2b define a second level. The second building modules 2b are arranged directly on the first building modules 2a. The roof modules 2c represent the last modules of the stack. Depending on the configurations of the building 1, a roof module 2c may be placed directly on a first building module 2a, on a second building module or on another building module relating to another level.

[0042] The building 1 may comprise one or more first construction modules 2a, one or more second construction modules 2b and possibly one or more other construction modules. Preferably, the building 1 comprises one or more roof modules 2c which are better suited to forming a terrace and / or which are better suited with regard to waterproofing issues.

[0043] It is possible to have a building 1 which has more than two levels, for example three or four levels or even more or fewer levels, that is to say only a first level.

[0044] The building 1 also comprises anchor points 3 which are part of a support 4 intended to support the construction module(s). The anchor points 3 are intended to be fixed to the ground. In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.l], the support 4 is a foundation which comprises anchor points 3 intended for attaching several first construction modules 2a. The support 4 is preferably made of concrete or reinforced concrete. The support 4 is configured to support one or more construction modules arranged on top of each other and to support this set of construction modules by means of linear load-bearing supports.

[0045] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the anchoring point 3 comprises an anchoring plate 3a fixed to the body of the foundation by anchoring elements 3b, for example screws, nuts or any other means suitable for producing a removable or non-removable fixing between the anchoring plate 3a and the support. 4.

[0046] The anchoring plate 3a may comprise an attachment point 3c possibly surmounted by an anchoring nut 3d capable of receiving one end of a first tie rod 9a. The anchoring nut 3d may be removable from the anchoring plate 3a to adapt the attachment section to the section of the first tie rod and / or to better adapt to the forces to be supported.

[0047] For example, the first tie rod 9a has a first rod 10a which is intended to be fixed to the anchor point 3.

[0048] The construction modules 2 are prefabricated elements, i.e. elements formed at least partially on a production site and which are then moved to an operating site. The use of prefabricated modules allows for faster installation during construction, i.e. a shorter construction time.

[0049] The building modules 2 comprise a floor 5 and side walls fixed to the floor. The floor is a load-bearing element, that is to say it is designed to support the weight of several people and equipment as in usual configurations.

[0050] The side walls are load-bearing elements. The side walls are in contact with the support 4 or the construction module 2 immediately below. The side walls form the load-bearing support surfaces which provide support for the construction module as well as any other construction modules placed on top of the construction module 2. The first construction module 2a is supported by the support 4 solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls 7a and the support 4. The load-bearing support is a support which represents at least 50% of the vertical facing surface between the support 4 and each first side wall 7a. Preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 50% of the length of the side wall, i.e. the longest horizontal dimension. More preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 75% or even 85% or 90% of the length of the side wall.The load-bearing support extends over at least 50% of the thickness of the side wall, i.e. the narrowest horizontal dimension. More preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 75% or even 85% or 100% of the thickness of the side wall 7. More preferably, the load-bearing support extends continuously over at least 50% of the length of the side wall.

[0051] The building module may comprise a ceiling 6 fixed to the side walls or the building module may have no ceiling 6. The ceiling is a non-load-bearing ceiling, i.e. a material which is not capable of supporting the weight of another building module. In order to limit the mass of the building module, it is advantageous for the roof to be non-load-bearing, i.e. it has a resistance to bending less than a threshold value capable of supporting a building module placed above or a roof module 2c.

[0052] The material forming the side walls 7 is a first material comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder. The use of particles of a plant material makes it possible to form side walls whose capacity to store heat is lower for an equivalent in cement, concrete, reinforced concrete or any other mineral binder. The use of particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder makes it possible to have particles which are completely coated by the mineral binder, which makes it possible to ensure mechanical cohesion between the particles and to protect the particles against external aggressions.

[0053] The first material has a first value of mass content of plant material particles of between 30% and 70% and preferably with a volume content of plant material particles of between 30% and 95%, more preferably the plant material particles represent a greater volume than the mineral binder. The mass content of plant material particles corresponds to the mass of the plant material particles relative to the total mass of the first material after drying. The volume content of plant material particles corresponds to the volume of the plant material particles relative to the total volume of the other materials of the first material after drying and without taking into account the porosity of the material. The use of such a content of plant material particles makes it possible to have a significant reduction in the mass of the side walls in comparison with an equivalent panel exclusively made of concrete or reinforced concrete.The first material is an open-pore porous material.

[0054] Preferably, the majority in number of the particles of plant material has a length of between 1 and 100 mm. Particularly advantageously, the average length of the particles is between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 60 mm, more preferably between 20 and 60 mm. The average length may be a simple average length. The use of such a length range makes it possible to form a material whose porosity and surface roughness are better controlled, in particular with microcavities and especially cavities whose volume is larger. The use of a mixture comprising a majority of particles whose size is preferably between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 60 mm and whose mass and / or volume content of particles is high makes it possible to form side walls with significant surface roughness.Even more preferably, the particles are wood chips which have a thickness mainly (in number) between 1mm and 5mm. Such a distribution in length and thickness makes it possible to form a support material. reduced density, with satisfactory mechanical resistance and a good compromise between porosity and surface roughness. Roughness corresponds to the maximum height between a peak and a trough on the surface.

[0055] The first material is a mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material. The plant material may be wood, straw, cellulose, hemp or cork. The particles of plant material are preferably wood particles. Preferably, the particles of plant material are predominantly wood particles (by volume) and preferably wood chips. Preferably, the mineral binder is chosen from a cement, a clay, a clay-based material, blast furnace slag or lime. It is also possible to use a concrete which is a mixture containing water, a binder for example cement and other elements, for example sand and possibly gravel. It is particularly advantageous for the mineral binder to contain a significant content and more preferably a majority of geosourced material.

[0056] The plant element particles are embedded in the mineral binder which ensures mechanical cohesion between the particles. The particles are covered by a layer of mineral binder to protect them from external aggressions. The particles are assembled randomly with respect to each other and they define channels and / or cavities inside the side walls.

[0057] When the particles of plant material are wood particles and when the mineral binder is a cement or a concrete, the density of the porous body material is between 600 and 1200 kg / m3, by varying the composition of the material, preferably it is equal to 800 kg / m3. This produces a material that is lighter than raw concrete, i.e. a concrete that does not contain wood elements and whose density is approximately 2300 kg / m3.

[0058] The use of the first material makes it possible to form construction modules which have a mass lower than the mass of an equivalent module made solely of concrete and / or reinforced concrete. Such construction modules have a mass greater than a module made of wood. However, the excess weight allows installation with self-propelled cranes capable of lifting between 12 and 35 tonnes, which allows for easy assembly.

[0059] The use of a first material is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to provide side walls which have good acoustic insulation and good fire resistance. The first material being a porous material, the side wall is breathable which allows good regulation of the humidity inside the construction module 2.

[0060] The first material is a material having good compressive strength which makes it a good load-bearing material, that is to say a material capable of support significant loads. Using the first material to form the side walls is particularly interesting for forming buildings 1 that have between one and five levels. The building modules 2 have a good ratio between mechanical performance and the mass of the building module. Using the side walls to create the load-bearing support that supports the building module is particularly advantageous because it avoids having walls that are too thick. The good compressive strength also makes it possible to provide good bracing for each floor.

[0061] In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.l], a first construction module 2a is in load-bearing support on the foundation by means of its first side walls 7a. The second construction module 2b is in load-bearing support on the first side walls 7a by means of its second side walls 7b. The roof module 2c is in load-bearing support on the second side walls 7b by means of its third side walls 7c.

[0062] The first side walls 7a support the weight of the second building module 2b and the roof module 2c. There is no load-bearing support between the floor of the roof module 2c and the ceiling 6 of the second building module 2b, nor between the floor of the second building module 2b and the ceiling 6 of the first building module 2b.

[0063] The construction module 2 is placed on the support 4. In the event of a seismic shock, the energies used cause the construction modules to move relative to the ground and relative to each other. It is therefore preferable to fix each construction module 2 to several anchor points 3, directly or indirectly, in order to limit as much as possible the movements between the construction module(s) 2 and the ground.

[0064] Advantageously, first fixing plates 8 are fixedly installed at the top of the first side walls 7a.

[0065] First tie rods 9a are used to attach the anchor points 3 to the first fixing plates 8 and to apply a vertical compressive force to the first side walls 7a. The application of a slight compressive force makes it possible to press the construction module against its support. The tie rods may comprise metal rods which provide the connection between the anchor point 3 and the first fixing plate 8a. The tie rods may be rods made of metal material, composite material, a cable or a chain. The cable or chain may be made of metal or another material capable of resisting the forces to be applied.

[0066] The tensile force applied to the various tie rods ensures the bracing of the floor.

[0067] The tie rod has a Young's modulus which is significantly higher than the modulus of Young of the material forming the side walls. By significantly higher is meant at least twice higher, preferably at least 10 times higher, more preferably at least 50 times higher.

[0068] The first tie rods 9a have a slight tensioning. During a seismic shock, the forces applied by the ground on the construction module 2 are taken up by the first tie rods 9. The first tie rods 9a will reduce or prevent the displacements of the first side walls 7a relative to the support 4 which has the effect of limiting the deformations inducing a lifting of the floor 5 relative to the support 4. An identical operation can occur when the construction module 2 is subjected to strong winds and more generally to bracing forces. The first tie rods 9a are capable of elastically deforming in one or more horizontal directions. The first tie rods allow deformations of the first construction module 2a when significant forces are applied and they impose a return to the initial position in order to maintain the mechanical stability of the building 1.

[0069] It is advantageous to install first fixing plates 8 at the ends of each of the side walls 7. Each first fixing plate 8a is fixed to an anchoring point 3 by a first tie rod 9a. First fixing plates 8 may also be fixed at other locations on one or more side walls 7.

[0070] As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, it is particularly advantageous for a first fixing plate 8a to be fixed to two first side walls 7a of two first construction modules 2a. The first fixing plate 8a makes it possible to ensure better fixing between the two first side walls 7a when the latter are subjected to different forces. The first tie rod 9a applies a compressive force which makes it possible to have substantially identical displacements at the ends in contact with the side walls.

[0071] Preferably, the first tie rods 9a comprise first rods 10a fixed to the anchor points 3 and first nuts 11a screwed to the first rods 10a. The first fixing plates 8 are fixed to the first side walls 7a by screws 12. The first fixing plates 8 define a passage hole 13 for the first rods 10a. The first nuts 11a screwed onto the first rods 10a apply the compressive force to the first fixing plates 8 to apply the compressive force to the first side walls 7a.

[0072] The first fixing plates 8 can be made of any suitable materials, for example of metallic material.

[0073] Fixing the first fixing plate 8a by screwing using the screws 12 makes it possible to install the passage hole 13 in the position most suited to the confi uration of installation of the first construction module 2a relative to the anchoring point 3. Preferably, the anchoring point 3 is arranged facing the passage hole 13 in a vertical direction then the first fixing plate 8a is fixed to the side wall 7 by the screws 12. The fixing of the first fixing plate 8a after having installed the first rod 10a in the passage hole 13 makes it easier to install and fix the first tie rod 9a and the first fixing plate 8a.

[0074] In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the first rods 10a are arranged to be removable from the anchoring points 3 and removable from the first fixing plate 8a and from the at least one first construction module 2a, which facilitates the installation of the first construction module 2a. Preferably, the first rod 10a is fixed to the anchoring point 3 by screwing.

[0075] In a preferred installation mode and illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4, a first construction module 2a is installed on the support 4. The first rod 10a is preferably fixed to the anchoring point 3 after the installation of the first construction module 2a. An additional first construction module 2a is installed on the support 4 and the first fixing plate 8a is fixed to the first side walls 7a of the two adjacent first construction modules 2a.

[0076] The first rod 10a is preferably fixed to the first fixing plate 8a after fixing to the anchor point 3 and after fixing the first fixing plate 8a with the first side wall 7a. The first rod 10a can be fixed in an orientation where its longitudinal axis is purely vertical.

[0077] The anchoring plate 3a may comprise a positioning member 3e which is configured to define the position of a portion of the first construction module 2a relative to the anchoring plate 3a. For example, the anchoring plate 3a has a projecting pin and the first construction module 2a has a positioning plate 14 provided with a hole intended to receive the projecting pin, which makes it possible to limit the lateral displacement between the positioning member 3e, for example in the form of a projecting pin, and the edge of the hole to limit the displacements between the foundation and the first construction module 2a.

[0078] The use of several positioning members 3e fixed to the support 4 in cooperation with several positioning plates 14 arranged at the ends of the first construction module 2a makes it possible to precisely place the first construction module(s) 2a.

[0079] The building 1 is particularly advantageous when it comprises several first construction modules 2a. The first construction modules 2a are arranged next to each other in one or more horizontal directions. The first construction modules 2a are fixed to the anchor points 3.

[0080] Advantageously, two first construction modules 2a are attached to the same anchor point 3 by means of the same first tie rod 9a. It is advantageous for the first fixing plate 8a to be fixed to a first construction module 2a and to the first adjacent construction module 2a. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figures 2 to 5.

[0081] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 4, an anchor point 3 is fixed to a foundation and two first construction modules 2a partially cover the anchor point 3. It is advantageous to use the positioning members 3e to fix the position of the two construction modules 2a relative to each other. Each of the two first construction modules 2a may be provided with a positioning plate 14 which defines a positioning element which cooperates with the positioning member 3e of the anchor point 3. The first rod 10a is arranged between the two first construction modules 2a.

[0082] Preferably, the two adjacent first construction modules 2a are in contact or are spaced apart by a distance less than a thickness of the first rod 10a. It is advantageous to use the positioning members 3e to fix the position of the two construction modules 2a relative to each other. The two adjacent first construction modules 2a define a passage hole for the passage of the first rod 10a.

[0083] Preferably, at least one of the first two construction modules 2a defines a groove 15 and more preferably each of the first two construction modules 2a defines a groove 15 intended to receive the first rod 10a. The groove 15 receiving the first rod 10a opens opposite the attachment point 3c.

[0084] Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate a particular embodiment of a method for manufacturing a building 1. [Fig.2] illustrates the installation of a first construction module 2a on the support 4. Then, as illustrated in [Fig.3], one end of the first rod 10a is attached to the anchoring point 3. In a following step illustrated in [Fig.4], an additional first construction module 2a is placed facing the anchoring point 3 in the vertical direction ZZ.

[0085] As illustrated in [Fig.4], the first two construction modules 2a are installed adjacent in a longitudinal direction XX and they form a through hole for the passage of the first rod 10a. As illustrated in [Fig.5], the first fixing plate 8a is installed at the top of the first side walls 7a. The other end of the first rod 10a passes through the through hole 13. The end is wedged or limited in its movements in the horizontal directions by the edges which delimit the through hole 13. The first fixing plate 8a is fixed in the two side walls 7 which are adjacent, for example by means of the screws 12.

[0086] The screws 12 and the first fixing plate 8a make it possible to limit the movements between the two side walls 7. The first fixing plate 8a prevents the ends of the two construction modules 2a from lifting relative to the anchor point 3.

[0087] As illustrated in [Fig.6], screwing a first nut 11a onto the end of the first rod 10a applies a compressive force to the two ends of the first side walls 7a to press the first construction modules 2a against the support 4.

[0088] In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.l] and in Figures 7 to 9, the first building modules 2a may be surmounted by one or more second building modules 2b. The second building module(s) 2b form a level immediately above the level formed by the first building modules 2a.

[0089] As illustrated in [Fig.7], a second construction module 2b is placed on a first construction module 2a. The second construction module 2b partially covers the first fixing plate 8a. A second rod 10b of a second tie rod 9b is attached to the first fixing plate 8a and more preferably is attached to the first nut 11a and even more preferably is screwed with the first nut 11a.

[0090] The second tie rod 9b connects the second fixing plate 8b with the first fixing plate 8a. The second fixing plate 8b is fixed to the top of the second side wall 7b. The first fixing plate 8a acts as an anchor point with respect to the second construction module(s) 2b.

[0091] Preferably, the second tie rod 9b has a second rod 10b, one end of which is fixed to the first fixing plate 8a and the other end of which passes through the passage hole 13. A second nut 11b is screwed to the other end of the second rod 10b and applies a compressive force to the second side wall(s) 7b by means of the second fixing plate 8b.

[0092] It is advantageous for the second tie rod 9b to be fixed directly to the first nut 11a which is fixed to the first tie rod 9a and which defines the value of the compressive force applied to the first construction module(s) 2a. In these configurations the forces are more easily absorbed by the anchoring point 3.

[0093] As for the anchor point 3 and the first construction module 2a, it is advantageous for the first fixing plate 8a and the second construction module 2b to have a positioning element 8p and a positioning plate 14 which are configured to position the second construction module 2b relative to the first fixing plate 8a in one or more horizontal directions.

[0094] As illustrated in [Fig.8], the second rod 10b of the second tie rod 9b is preferably installed in a through hole defined by two second construction modules 2b which are adjacent. The second rod 10b may be inaccessible between its two ends as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9.

[0095] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the installation and fixing of the roof modules 2c on the second construction modules 2b according to the same construction principle as previously. The roof module(s) 2c are installed on the second construction module(s) 2b and cover the second fixing plate 8b. After the installation of the second roof module 2c, a third tie rod 9c is attached to the second fixing plate 8b which then acts as an anchor point.

[0096] Once the third tie rod 9c is attached, the other roof module 2c is installed. A roof fixing plate 8c is connected to the first fixing plate 8a by means of a third tie rod 9c. The third tie rod 9c allows the application of a vertical compressive force on the roof module(s) 2c. It is advantageous for the third tie rod 9c to be provided with a third rod 10c, for the roof fixing plate 8c to define a passage hole 13 intended for the passage of the third rod 10c and for a third nut 11e to be screwed onto the end of the third rod 10c to apply the compressive force on the roof module(s) 2c.

[0097] When the roof fixing plate 8c defines a passage hole 13 for the passage of the rod of the third tie rod. Once the third rod 10c of the third tie rod 9c passes through the passage hole 13, the roof fixing plate 8c is fixed to the roof modules 2c. A third nut 11e is screwed onto the end of the third rod 10c to apply a compressive force to the third side walls 7c of the roof modules 2c.

[0098] With such an assembly, all the building modules 2 arranged one above the other in vertical alignment from an anchor point 3 to the top are mechanically connected with the anchor point 3. The multiple tie rods 9a, 9b and 9c are fixed in series to each other so as to achieve a transfer of force from the top of the building 1 to the anchor point 3.

[0099] The weights of the multiple construction modules are applied to the side walls 7a, 7b and 7c up to the support 4 which have sufficient compressive strengths and the other forces are taken up by the tie rods.

[0100] The multiple tie rods connected to the top of the building modules 2 make it possible to press each building module against the side walls of the building module immediately below or against the ground or foundation 4. When the building 1 is subjected to seismic shocks, or wind-related forces, the multiple tie rods prevent a building module from lifting relative to the building module immediately below. The tie rods can be installed quickly, which facilitates the assembly of the building 1. It is also possible to easily dismantle the tie rods, thus allowing easy dismantling of the building 1. Depending on the calculated conditions, the section of the tie rods can be adjusted to take up the forces without significantly modifying the characteristics relating to the side walls.

[0101] While Figures 2 to 11 illustrate the assembly and fixing of side walls of several pairs of adjacent construction modules which are each fixed to the same fixing plate, Figures 13 to 20 illustrate an identical assembly at one end of the construction modules which is not shared with any other construction module of the same level.

[0102] [Fig. 13] to 20 illustrate the assembly and fixing of a first building module 2a, a second building module 2b and a roof module 2c by means of a first fixing plate 8a, a second fixing plate 8b and a roof fixing plate 8c with the associated tie rods. The fixing plates and the tie rods are installed at a corner of the building modules.

[0103] [Fig. 12] illustrates the installation of the first construction module 2a on the foundation and the fixing of the first tie rod with the anchor point 3. It is advantageous to install the first construction module 2a before fixing the first tie rod 9a. As for the previous embodiments, the first tie rod 9a is preferably removable from the anchor point 3. More preferably, the first rod 10a is screwed to the anchor point 3. It is also advantageous for the anchor point 3 and the first construction module 2a to have positioning members 3e and positioning plates 14.

[0104] The multiple positioning members 3e installed on the ground or on the foundation as well as the positioning plates 14 fixed on the first construction module 2a make it possible to precisely position the first construction module 2a relative to its support. The precision of the placement can be of the order of 1cm or 0.5cm.

[0105] The construction module 2 is prefabricated and has well-controlled dimensions which allows the first construction module(s) 2a to be installed in precisely defined positions relative to the support 4. The positioning members 3e / 8p and the positioning plates 14 allow the tie rods to be installed at a precise distance from the side walls.

[0106] Advantageously, the construction modules 2 define recesses at the lower and / or upper ends in order to be able to install the fixing plates 8 and the positioning plates 14. In the illustrated embodiments, recesses are defined only for the positioning plates 14.

[0107] The building modules 2 can be quickly mounted on top of each other to form a building 1. It is possible to quickly add or remove one or more building modules 2 in order to modify the building 1 to adapt to different new needs. A new building module 2 can be added to an existing building 1. Once the new building module 2 is installed, the top of the side wall 7 is fixed to the top of the side wall 7 of the building module 2 immediately below by means of a tie rod 0 and the fixing plates 8 or the anchor point 3. The tie rod 9 applies a compressive force to the side wall 7 to press the new building module 2 onto the building module 2 immediately below and ensure the mechanical stability of the assembly.

[0108] The construction modules 2 have side walls 7 preferably formed by molding. A mold is provided and the first mixture is poured inside the mold. It is particularly advantageous to install the positioning device in the mold in order to fix it to the side wall precisely. Preferably, when the construction module 2 has a square or rectangular section, positioning devices are fixed to the four corners of the square or rectangle. During molding, it is advantageous to define the groove 15 intended to receive a tie rod.

[0109] The building modules 2 rest on each other by means of their side walls 7. The side walls 7 have compressive strength values ​​which define the number of floors that the building 1 can accept. Since the forces of the different floors are taken up by the side walls 7, the floor 5 of one floor is preferably not in direct contact with the ceiling 6 of the floor immediately below.

[0110] The mechanical performance of the ceilings 6 is reduced, which allows greater freedom in the choice of materials. The ceiling materials 6 may be concrete, a mixture of concrete and particles of a plant material, a metallic material, a wooden frame or a mixture of these.

[0111] It is substantially the same for the floors 5 which provide support for goods and people. The floor materials 5 may be concrete, a mixture of concrete and particles of a plant material, a metallic material, a wooden frame or a mixture of these. The floor 5 is preferably a mixture of concrete and wooden particles which is reinforced by concrete beams and more preferably reinforced concrete.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the floor 5 and the side walls 7 are manufactured and then assembled. The assembly of the floor 5 with the side walls 7 can be carried out by means of an adhesive mortar and / or by screwing in lag screws.

[0113] It is then possible to add a layer of thermal insulation against the internal faces of the side walls 7 and possibly the floor 5. Once the insulation is installed, a facing layer is deposited, for example a layer of plaster.

[0114] It is also possible to install the joinery in the different openings defined by the side walls 7, for example doors and / or windows. Waterproofing work is also carried out for the various openings.

[0115] It is still possible to install an electrical network and / or a plumbing network inside the building module. Subsequently, interior finishing can be carried out such as painting and laying floor covering. Interior furniture (cupboard, wardrobe, shelves, etc.) can also be installed as well as sanitary equipment.

[0116] Finally, it is possible to install a false ceiling and temporary roof waterproofing.

[0117] The construction module 2 thus decorated is moved from its place of manufacture to the place of construction of the building 1.

[0118] The construction site has a support 4 provided with a plurality of anchor points 3. A crane is used to carry the construction module 2 and place it on the support 4 at the chosen location. Once the first construction module 2a is placed, the multiple first tie rods 9a are fixed to the anchor points 3 and the tops of the first side walls 7a are attached to the first tie rods 9a by means of the first fixing plates 8a.

[0119] Preferably, an adhesive mortar or an adhesive foam is placed on the support 4 prior to the installation of the first construction module 2a.

[0120] The method steps are repeated for the first multiple building modules 2a and for the multiple building modules of the floors to follow.

[0121] In a particular embodiment, the fixing plates and the tie rods are attached together to secure the construction modules 2a. The installation of the tie rods and their tensioning makes it possible to form a prefabricated module which is capable of being lifted by a crane. The fixing plates are provided with a hanging ring which ensures the suspension of the prefabricated module. [Fig.20] illustrates a hanging ring which is attached to a fixing plate. Since the material of the construction module 2a has better compressive strength than tensile strength, it is preferable for the tie rods to be attached by plates which are attached to the underside. The plates may be positioning plates provided with a screw thread for screwing one end of a tie rod into it or another means for attaching one end of a tie rod.

[0122] To lift the prefabricated module, the latter can be equipped with temporary tie rods which are only used during the lifting phases of the prefabricated module. The temporary tie rods can be attached to temporary or permanent fixing plates.

[0123] Once building 1 has been erected, a subsequent step of installing external insulation can be used to hide the tie rods and possibly the plates if necessary. necessary.

Claims

Claims

1. Building (1) comprising: - a support (4) provided with a plurality of anchoring points (3); - at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a floor (5) fixed to first side walls (7a), the at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or having no ceiling, the first side walls (7a) being made from a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of particles of plant material being between 30% and 70%, the at least one first construction module (2a) being supported by the support (4) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls (7a) and the support (4); - first fixing plates (8a) fixed to the upper ends of the first side walls (7a);- first tie rods (9a) attached to the first fixing plates (8a) and to the anchor points (3), the first tie rods (9a) being subjected to a tensile stress to apply a vertical compressive force to the first side walls (7a).;

2. Building (1) according to claim 1 wherein the first tie rods (9a) comprise first rods (10a) attached to the anchor points (3) and first nuts (11a) screwed to the first rods (10a), wherein the first fixing plates (8a) are attached to the first side walls (7a) by screwing and define a passage hole (13) for the passage of the first rods (10a) and in which the first screwed nuts (11a) apply the compressive force to the first fixing plates (8a) to apply the compressive force to the first side walls (7a).

3. Building (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2 in which the first rods (10a) are removable from the anchoring points (3) and removable from the first fixing plates (8a).

4. Building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said at least one first construction module (2a) comprises at least two first construction modules (2a) arranged one next to the other in a horizontal direction and wherein a first fixing plate (8a) is attached to two adjacent first construction modules (2a).

5. Building (1) according to claim 4 wherein the two first construction modules (2a) arranged adjacent are in contact or are spaced apart by a distance less than a thickness of the first rod (10a) and wherein the two first construction modules (2a) define a hole for the passage of the first rod (10a) between the anchoring point (3) and the first fixing plate (8a).

6. Building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising: - at least one second construction module (2b) comprising a floor (5) fixed to second side walls (7b), the at least one second construction module (2b) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or having no ceiling, the at least one second construction module (2b) being supported by the at least one first construction module (2a) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the second side walls (7b) and the first side walls (7a), the second side walls (7b) being made of the first mixture; - second fixing plates (8b) fixed to the upper ends of the second side walls (7b);- second tie rods (9b) attached to the second fixing plates (8b) and to the first fixing plates (8a), the second tie rods (9b) applying a vertical compressive force to the second side walls (7b).;

7. Building (1) according to claim 6 wherein the second tie rods (9b) comprise second rods (10b) and second nuts (11b), the second rods (10b) being screwed into the first nuts (11a) of the first tie rods (9a) and wherein the second nuts (11b) are screwed to the second rods (10b), wherein the second fixing plates (8b) are fixed to the second side walls (7b) of the second building modules (2b) by screwing and wherein the screwed second nuts (11b) apply the compressive force to the second fixing plates (8b) to apply the compressive force to the second side walls (7b).

8. Building (1) according to claim 7 wherein the compressive force applied to the second side walls (7b) of the second building modules (2b) is different from the compressive force applied to the first side walls (7a) of the first building modules (2a).

9. A method of constructing a building (1) comprising the following steps: following provisions: - providing a support (4) provided with anchoring points (3) and at least one first construction module (2a) placed on the support (4), the at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a floor (5) fixed to first side walls (7a), the at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or having no ceiling, the first side walls (7a) being made of a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of particles of plant material being between 30% and 70%, the first side walls (7a) being in load-bearing support on the support (4) to support the at least one first construction module (2a); - connecting first fixing plates (8a) to the anchoring points (3) by first tie rods (9a) and applying a vertical compressive force to the first side walls (7a) by means of the first tie rods (9a), the first fixing plates (8a) being fixed to an upper end of the first side walls (7a) of the at least one first construction module (2a).

10. A method of constructing a building (1) according to claim 9 wherein a plurality of first building modules (2a) are arranged on the support (4) and wherein the first tie rods (9a) pass between two adjacent first building modules (2a) to fix the first tie rods (9a) to the anchor points (3).

11. Method of constructing a building (1) according to one of claims 9 and 10 in which the first tie rods (9a) have first rods (10a) and first nuts (11a); - in which the first rods (10a) are fixed to the anchoring points (3) after having placed the at least one first construction module (2a) on the support (4); - wherein the first fixing plates (8a) define a passage hole (13) for the first rods (10a) and the first fixing plates (8a) are fixed to the first side walls (8a) by screwing; and - in which the first nuts (11a) are screwed to the first rods (10a) to apply a compressive force to the first fixing plates (8a) and apply a compressive force to the first side walls (7a).

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