Beam for building, and building

Abstract

A beam (10) for a building comprises: a wooden beam main body (11) having an upper surface (11A) and a lower surface (11B); a notched portion (20) provided in the beam main body (11); and a reinforcing portion (30) for providing reinforcement around the notched portion (20). The notched portion (20) is provided so as to notch the upper surface (11A) or the lower surface (11B). The reinforcing portion (30) reinforces an adjacent portion (26) of the beam main body (11) adjacent to the notched portion (20).

Description

Architectural beams and structures

[0001] The present disclosure relates to architectural beams and buildings.

[0002] It is generally not recommended to create notches in wooden beams in buildings because cracks at the corners of the notches reduce the beam's strength. For example, if a beam has a notch, the effective section modulus used in strength calculations is set to 0.6 or 0.45 times the section modulus of the remaining part of the beam.

[0003] JP 2017-160737 A

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reinforcing beams with through holes. However, as mentioned above, the use of beams with notches is not recommended, so no effective techniques have been developed. Therefore, we propose a beam and a building that can suppress cracks in beams with notches.

[0005] (1) A beam for a building that solves the above problem includes a wooden beam body having an upper surface and a lower surface, a notch provided in the beam body, and a reinforcing part that reinforces the periphery of the notch, where the notch is provided so as to cut out the upper surface or the lower surface, and the reinforcing part reinforces the adjacent part of the beam body adjacent to the notch. With the above configuration, the adjacent part of the notch is reinforced, thereby suppressing the occurrence of cracks around the notch.

[0006] (2) In the beam of the building described in (1) above, the reinforcing portion includes a bolt, and the bolt engages with a through-hole that passes through the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and the bolt is disposed within the through-hole of the adjacent portion. With the above configuration, the bolt is not exposed from the beam body, so the reinforcing portion does not get in the way when attaching a building component to the top, bottom, or side of the beam body.

[0007] (3) In the beam for a building described in (1) above, the reinforcing portion includes a bolt having a shaft and a head, and a plate disposed on the upper or lower surface of the adjacent portion, the bolt is inserted through a hole in the plate so that the head contacts the plate, and engages with a through-hole that passes through the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and the bolt's shaft is disposed within the through-hole in the adjacent portion. With this configuration, the bolt head is disposed on only one of the upper and lower surfaces of the beam body. Therefore, the reinforcing portion does not get in the way when attaching a building component to the side of the beam body where the bolt head is not disposed.

[0008] (4) In the beam for a building described in (1) above, the reinforcing portion includes a first plate disposed on the upper surface of the adjacent portion, a second plate disposed on the lower surface of the adjacent portion, and a connecting member that penetrates the adjacent portion and connects the first plate and the second plate. With this configuration, the adjacent portion is sandwiched between the first plate and the second plate. This allows the adjacent portion to be strongly reinforced.

[0009] (5) In the beam for a building described in (1) above, the reinforcing portion includes a first penetrating member that penetrates the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and a second penetrating member that penetrates the first penetrating member and the adjacent portion so as to intersect with the axial direction of the first penetrating member. This configuration can strengthen the engagement between the first penetrating member and the adjacent portion and the second penetrating member.

[0010] (6) A building that solves the above problem comprises a plurality of beams described in (1) to (5) above, the plurality of beams being connected to a girder so as to be parallel to one another, each of the plurality of beams having the notch on the underside of the end of the beam connected to the girder, and the plurality of notches being arranged along the extension direction of the girder.

[0011] This configuration allows for storage sections to be provided in the cutouts along the beams. These storage sections can accommodate a variety of devices, making the area around the beams appear smarter in the interior.

[0012] (7) A building that solves the above problem comprises a plurality of beams as described in (1) to (5) above, the plurality of beams being connected to a girder so as to be parallel to one another, each of the plurality of beams having the notch on the upper surface of the beam, and the plurality of notches supporting the floor of the down floor.

[0013] Conventionally, when a down floor is installed in a building, the beams placed under the down floor are constructed as separate members from the beams placed under the adjacent floor. In this regard, with the above-mentioned configuration, the beams are installed so as to span the underfloor of the down floor and the underfloor of the adjacent floor. This improves construction efficiency.

[0014] (8) A building that solves the above problem comprises a plurality of beams as described in (1) to (5) above, the plurality of beams being arranged parallel to each other and extending from the indoor space to the outdoor extension, each of the plurality of beams having the cutout on the upper surface of the beam, the plurality of cutouts being provided in parts corresponding to the outdoor extension, and the plurality of cutouts supporting the floor of the outdoor extension via a drainage space.

[0015] In the past, when an exterior extension was installed in a building, the beams placed under the floor of the exterior extension were constructed as separate members from the beams placed under the floor of the interior space. In this regard, with the above-mentioned configuration, the beams are installed so as to extend between the underfloor of the exterior extension and the underfloor of the interior space. This improves construction efficiency.

[0016] According to the architectural beams and the architectural structure of the present disclosure, cracks in the beams having notches can be suppressed.

[0017] 1 is a partial perspective view of a beam of the first embodiment; a side view of a bolt of the first embodiment; a diagram showing the relationship between displacement and load; a diagram showing the relationship between the beam of the first embodiment, the beam of the first reference example, and the beam of the second reference example; a partial perspective view of a beam of the second embodiment; a side view of a first bolt of the second embodiment; a partial perspective view of a beam of the third embodiment; a partial perspective view of a beam of the fourth embodiment; a side view of a first penetrating member; a side view of a beam of the fifth embodiment; a diagram of a building of the sixth embodiment; a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the girder of the building of the sixth embodiment; a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the girder of the building of the reference example; a schematic view of a building of the sixth embodiment; a schematic view of a building of the seventh embodiment; a schematic view of a building of the eighth embodiment.

[0018] <First embodiment> A beam 10 of a building 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 . The beam 10 includes a wooden beam body 11, a notch 20 provided in the beam body 11, and a reinforcing portion 30 that reinforces the periphery of the notch 20. The beam body 11 has an upper surface 11A and a lower surface 11B. The upper surface 11A of the beam body 11 is parallel to the lower surface 11B of the beam 10. The beam body 11 may be made of solid wood. The beam body 11 may also be made of laminated timber. For example, the beam body 11 may be made of laminated timber of the same grade. When the beam body 11 is made of laminated timber of the same grade, the beam body 11 is connected to the girder 2 with the lamination direction of the sawn boards aligned along the vertical direction DZ.

[0019] The cutout portion 20 is provided so as to cut out the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. In this embodiment, the portion of the beam body 11 that is left by providing the cutout portion 20 is referred to as a "remaining portion 13."

[0020] The notch 20 is provided at the end 12 of the beam main body 11. The notch 20 has a first surface 21 perpendicular to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. The notch 20 has a second surface 22 parallel to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. The second surface 22 extends from the first surface 21 to the end surface of the beam main body 11. The first surface 21 and the second surface 22 form a corner 24. The notch 20 is provided so as to extend from one side surface 11C of the beam main body 11 to the other side surface 11C. It is preferable that the vertical length of the notch 20 is equal to or less than half the vertical length of the beam main body 11. The vertical length is defined as the length along the up-down direction DZ when the beam 10 is connected to the girder 2.

[0021] The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the cutout portion 20 in the beam main body 11. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26 so that the adjacent portion 26 does not expand in the up-down direction DZ when a force is applied near the adjacent portion 26. The reinforcing portion 30 is composed of a member that prevents the adjacent portion 26 from expanding in the up-down direction DZ.

[0022] Specifically, the reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 31. In one example, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two bolts 31. The two bolts 31 are arranged in the width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two bolts 31 may also be arranged in the extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

[0023] The bolt 31 engages with a through hole 27 that penetrates the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. The through hole 27 extends perpendicular to the upper surface 11A and the lower surface 11B of the beam main body 11. The bolt 31 is disposed within the through hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26. The length of the bolt 31 is equal to or slightly shorter than the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26. For example, the length of the bolt 31 is 0.9 to 1.0 times the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26. For example, a lag screw bolt 32 is an example of the bolt 31.

[0024] 2 is a side view of the lag screw bolt 32. The lag screw bolt 32 includes a shaft portion 31A having a male thread and a tool engagement portion 31B provided at the end of the shaft portion 31A. The tool engagement portion 31B is a portion that engages with a dedicated tool for lag screw bolts. The outermost diameter of the cross section of the tool engagement portion 31B is equal to or slightly larger than the outermost diameter of the cross section of the shaft portion 31A. The tool engagement portion 31B may be provided with an internal thread 31C. The lag screw bolt 32 is threaded into the through-hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26 so as to fit inside the beam main body 11.

[0025] <Characteristics and Function> With reference to Figures 3 and 4, the characteristics of the beam 10 of this embodiment will be described in comparison with the first and second reference examples. As shown in Figure 4, the beam 101 of the first reference example and the beam 102 of the second reference example do not have the notch 20. The vertical length of the beam 101 of the first reference example is equal to the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26 of the beam 10 of the embodiment. The vertical length of the beam 102 of the second reference example is equal to the vertical length of the remaining portion 13 of the beam 10 of the embodiment. The horizontal width of the beam 101 of the first reference example and the beam 102 of the second reference example is equal to the horizontal width of the beam 10 according to the embodiment. The length of the beam of the first reference example 101 and the beam of the second reference example 102 is equal to the length of the beam 10 according to the embodiment.

[0026] Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the load P applied to the beam 10 and the displacement of the beam 10 in the vertical direction DZ. Fig. 3 shows the characteristics of the beam 10 of this embodiment when a tensile load is applied to the notch 20 and when a compressive load is applied to the notch 20. Fig. 3 also shows the characteristics of the beam 101 of the first reference example and the characteristics of the beam 102 of the second reference example.

[0027] The case where a tensile load is applied to the notch 20 refers to the case where the beam body 11 is supported at two spaced apart locations and a load P is applied to the surface opposite the surface where the notch 20 is provided (see FIG. 3). The beam body 11 is supported at two locations: the notch 20 and the end opposite the notch 20. The load P is applied to the portion of the beam body 11 between the two supported locations other than the notch 20. The case where a compressive load is applied to the notch 20 refers to the case where the beam body 11 is supported at two spaced apart locations and a load P is applied to the surface where the notch 20 is provided.

[0028] In Fig. 3, the solid line L1 shows the characteristics of the beam 10 of this embodiment when a compressive load is applied. The solid line L2 shows the characteristics of the beam 10 of this embodiment when a tensile load is applied. The dashed line L3 shows the characteristics of the beam 101 of the first reference example. The dashed line L4 shows the characteristics of the beam 102 of the second reference example.

[0029] As shown in Fig. 3, under a compressive load, the beam 10 of this embodiment has a strength substantially equivalent to that of the beam 101 of the first reference example, i.e., a beam having the same longitudinal length as the adjacent portion 26. As shown in Fig. 3, under a tensile load, the beam 10 of this embodiment has a strength substantially equivalent to that of the beam 102 of the second reference example, i.e., a beam having the same longitudinal length as the remaining portion 13.

[0030] The characteristics of the beam 10 of this embodiment will be described with reference to the characteristics (solid line L2) when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10 in Fig. 3. Here, the characteristics of the beam 10 will be described when the load P applied to the beam 10 is gradually increased. The bending load PX indicates the load P at the time when the beam 10 bends.

[0031] 3, when the load P applied to the beam 10 is gradually increased from a state in which the load P is 0, the beam 10 gradually bends and the displacement gradually increases. The displacement indicates the actual movement distance of the part of the beam 10 to which the load is applied in the load direction.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1 , in the beam 10 of this embodiment, the vicinity of the notch 20 is reinforced by the reinforcing portion 30. Therefore, cracks are less likely to occur in the notch 20. Furthermore, even if a crack occurs at the corner 24 of the notch 20, the progression of the crack is suppressed. As a result, the beam 10 is less likely to bend when a crack occurs. Therefore, the beam 10 of this embodiment has a larger bending load PX than a beam not provided with the reinforcing portion 30. Furthermore, the bending strength of the beam 10 of this embodiment is higher than or equivalent to that of the beam 102 of the second reference example in the range up to when the load P reaches the bending load PX.

[0033] Conventionally, according to the regulations for buildings 1, the use of beams with cutouts 20 is not recommended. Furthermore, when using beams with cutouts 20, it is recommended that the effective section modulus of the beam be set to 0.6 or 0.45 times the section modulus of the remaining portion 13 of the cutout 20. The reason why it is necessary to estimate the effective section modulus of the beam with cutouts 20 to be smaller than the section modulus of the remaining portion 13 is that cracks in the cutouts 20 may progress significantly diagonally due to the load P.

[0034] In this embodiment, the adjacent portion 26 of the beam body 11 adjacent to the notch 20 is reinforced by the reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 prevents the adjacent portion 26 from expanding in the vertical direction DZ. This suppresses the occurrence and progression of cracks. Therefore, the beam 10 of this embodiment has stronger or equivalent tensile load characteristics than the beam 102 of the second reference example, i.e., a beam having the same vertical length as the remaining portion 13.

[0035] It is believed that the reinforcing portion 30 acts on the adjacent portion 26 as follows: The male thread of the lag screw bolt 32 engages with the through-hole 27 provided in the adjacent portion 26. The lag screw bolt 32 extends over substantially the entire adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. Due to this engagement, when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the adjacent portion 26 is less likely to expand in the vertical direction DZ, thereby suppressing the occurrence and progression of cracks.

[0036] <Effects> The effects of this embodiment will be described. (1) The beam 10 includes a wooden beam body 11, a notch 20 provided in the beam body 11, and a reinforcing portion 30 that reinforces the periphery of the notch 20. The notch 20 is provided so as to cut out the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B, and the reinforcing portion 30 reinforces an adjacent portion 26 of the beam body 11 that is adjacent to the notch 20. With the above configuration, the adjacent portion 26 of the notch 20 is reinforced, thereby suppressing the occurrence of cracks around the notch 20.

[0037] (2) The reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 31. The bolt 31 engages with a through-hole 27 that penetrates the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. In one example, the bolt 31 is a lag screw bolt 32. The bolt 31 is disposed in the through-hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26. According to the above configuration, the bolt 31 is not exposed from the beam main body 11, and therefore the reinforcing portion 30 does not get in the way when attaching a building component to the upper surface 11A, lower surface 11B, or side surface 11C of the beam main body 11.

[0038] Second Embodiment A beam 10 according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 5. The same components of the beam 10 of this embodiment as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and redundant description will be omitted. The beam 10 of this embodiment has a reinforcing portion 30 having a different structure from the reinforcing portion 30 shown in the first embodiment.

[0039] The reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 35 having a shaft portion 35A and a head portion 35B, and a plate 38 disposed on the upper surface 26A or the lower surface 26B of the adjacent portion 26. In this embodiment, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two bolts 35. The two bolts 35 are arranged in the width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two bolts 35 may also be arranged in the extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

[0040] In one example, the plate 38 is provided on the upper surface 26A of the adjacent portion 26. The bolt 35 is inserted through a hole in the plate 38 so that the head 35B contacts the plate 38. The bolt 35 is inserted through a through-hole 27 that passes through the adjacent portion 26 in the up-down direction DZ. The bolt 35 engages with the through-hole 27. The shaft 35A of the bolt 35 is disposed within the through-hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26.

[0041] In this embodiment, the bolt 35 includes a first bolt 36 and a second bolt 37 axially connected to the first bolt 36. The tip of the second bolt 37 engages with the female thread 36A of the first bolt 36.

[0042] 6, the first bolt 36 has a female thread 36A at its tip. The female thread 36A is configured to engage with the threads at the tip of the second bolt 37. An example of the first bolt 36 is the lag screw bolt 32. When the tip of the second bolt 37 is screwed into the female thread 36A of the first bolt 36, the axial force of the bolt 35 increases.

[0043] A first bolt 36 is threaded into the through hole 27 provided in the adjacent portion 26 from the underside 26B. A plate 38 is disposed on the upper side 26A of the through hole 27 provided in the adjacent portion 26. A second bolt 37 is inserted from above the adjacent portion 26 into the hole in the plate 38 and the through hole 27, and is then connected to the first bolt 36. The second bolt 37 is tightened to the plate 38 with a wrench. Tightening the second bolt 37 applies a compressive force in the vertical direction DZ to the adjacent portion 26. This reinforcement portion 30 prevents the adjacent portion 26 from expanding in the vertical direction DZ when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10. This reinforcement portion 30 makes it difficult for the adjacent portion 26 to expand in the vertical direction DZ when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, thereby suppressing the occurrence and progression of cracks.

[0044] Another effect of this embodiment will be described. The reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 35 and a plate 38. The bolt 35 is inserted through a hole in the plate 38 so that the head 35B contacts the plate 38, and engages with a through-hole 27 that penetrates the adjacent portion 26 in the up-down direction DZ. The shaft 35A of the bolt 35 is disposed in the through-hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26.

[0045] According to this configuration, the head 35B of the bolt 35 is disposed on only one of the upper surface 11A and the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11. Therefore, when attaching a building component to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11 on which the head 35B of the bolt 35 is not disposed, the reinforcing portion 30 does not get in the way.

[0046] Third Embodiment A beam 10 according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 7. The same components of the beam 10 of this embodiment as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and redundant description will be omitted. The beam 10 of this embodiment has a reinforcing portion 30 having a different structure from the reinforcing portion 30 shown in the first embodiment.

[0047] The reinforcing portion 30 includes a first plate 41, a second plate 42, and a connecting member 43. In one example, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two connecting members 43. The two connecting members 43 are arranged in the width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two connecting members 43 may also be arranged in the extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

[0048] The first plate 41 is disposed on the upper surface 26A of the adjacent portion 26. Two first holes are formed in the first plate 41. The second plate 42 is disposed on the lower surface 26B of the adjacent portion 26. Two second holes are formed in the second plate 42. The connecting member 43 passes through the adjacent portion 26 and connects the first plate 41 and the second plate 42.

[0049] The connecting member 43 is composed of a bolt 44 and a nut 45. The bolt 44 has a shaft 44A and a head 44B. The bolt 44 is inserted through a first hole in the first plate 41, a through-hole 27 provided in the adjacent portion 26, and a second hole in the second plate 42. The head 44B of the bolt 44 contacts the second plate 42. The nut 45 engages with the end of the bolt 44 extending from the first plate 41. The nut 45 is tightened to the first plate 41 with a wrench. Tightening the nut 45 applies a compressive force to the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ.

[0050] The adjacent portion 26 is sandwiched between the first plate 41 and the second plate 42, which are connected by the connecting member 43. Therefore, when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the adjacent portion 26 is prevented from expanding in the up-down direction DZ. Such a reinforcing portion 30 makes it difficult for the adjacent portion 26 to expand in the up-down direction DZ when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, thereby suppressing the occurrence and progression of cracks. This firmly reinforces the adjacent portion 26.

[0051] <Fourth embodiment> A beam 10 according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 8 and 9. In the beam 10 of this embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and redundant description will be omitted. The beam 10 of this embodiment has a reinforcing portion 30 having a different structure from the reinforcing portion 30 shown in the first embodiment.

[0052] The reinforcing portion 30 includes a first penetrating member 47 and a second penetrating member 48. The first penetrating member 47 penetrates the adjacent portion 26 in the up-down direction DZ. Specifically, the first penetrating member 47 is inserted into a vertical through hole 27A provided in the adjacent portion 26. In one example, the first penetrating member 47 is formed of an iron pipe.

[0053] 9, the first penetrating member 47 has a plurality of side through-holes 47A that are perpendicular to the axis. The side through-holes 47A are provided at equal intervals in the axial direction. The side through-holes 47A extend in parallel. The diameters of the side through-holes 47A are configured so that the second penetrating member 48 can fit therein.

[0054] 8 , the adjacent portion 26 is provided with a vertical through hole 27A through which the first penetrating member 47 is inserted, and a horizontal through hole 27B through which the second penetrating member 48 is inserted. The vertical through hole 27A extends from the upper surface 26A to the lower surface 26B of the adjacent portion 26. The horizontal through hole 27B extends in the width direction DX of the adjacent portion 26 so as to intersect with the vertical through hole 27A. The multiple horizontal through holes 27B are provided in the adjacent portion 26 at the same pitch as the horizontal through holes 27B provided in the first penetrating member 47.

[0055] The second penetrating member 48 penetrates the first penetrating member 47 and the adjacent portion 26 so as to intersect with the axial direction of the first penetrating member 47. The second penetrating member 48 is configured as a cylindrical pin. The second penetrating member 48 is inserted into the lateral through-hole 27B of the adjacent portion 26 and the side through-hole 47A of the first penetrating member 47. This configuration enables strong engagement between the first penetrating member 47 and the second penetrating member 48 and the adjacent portion 26.

[0056] With this reinforcing portion 30, when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the second penetrating member 48 acts as a resistance to the peripheral portions of the second penetrating member 48 in the adjacent portion 26 from moving apart. This prevents the adjacent portion 26 from expanding in the up-down direction DZ. With this reinforcing portion 30, when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the adjacent portion 26 is less likely to expand in the up-down direction DZ, thereby suppressing the occurrence and progression of cracks.

[0057] Fifth Embodiment A beam 10 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 10. The same components as those in the first embodiment of the beam 10 of this embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and redundant description will be omitted. In this embodiment, the cutout portion 20 is configured as a recess provided on the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11.

[0058] The cutout portion 20 has a first surface 21, a second surface 22, and a third surface 23. In one example, the first surface 21 and the third surface 23 are configured perpendicular to the lower surface 11B. The third surface 23 is configured parallel to the first surface 21. The second surface 22 connects the first surface 21 and the second surface 22. The second surface 22 is configured parallel to the lower surface 11B. A reinforcing portion 30 is provided in each of the adjacent portions 26 near the first surface 21 and the adjacent portions 26 near the third surface 23. The reinforcing portion 30 has the same structure as the reinforcing portions 30 shown in the first to fourth embodiments.

[0059] Such a cutout 20 is provided in a beam 10 that is arranged so as to partially protrude from the exterior wall. For example, a cutout 20 with a recessed structure is provided in an overhanging portion 15 of the beam 10. The overhanging portion 15 is a portion of the beam 10 that protrudes from the girder 2 to the outside of the room. For example, a window shutter box is attached to the cutout 20 with a recessed structure. The shutter box houses a shutter that is lowered along the exterior wall.

[0060] Sixth Embodiment A building 1 according to a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 11 to 14. The building 1 includes the beams 10 shown in the first to fifth embodiments. In the building 1 of this embodiment, components common to those in the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant explanations will be omitted.

[0061] As shown in Fig. 11 , the building 1 includes a girder 2 and a plurality of beams 10. The girder 2 is supported by columns 3. The plurality of beams 10 are arranged between two girders 2. The plurality of beams 10 connect the two girders 2. An outer girder 2A, which is one of the two girders 2, forms part of the framework of the exterior wall 17. The beam 10 is arranged between the first and second floors of the building 1. The beam 10 is arranged between two girders 2 that are arranged parallel to each other. The beam 10 connects the two girders 2.

[0062] The multiple beams 10 are connected to the girder 2 so as to be parallel to one another. Each of the multiple beams 10 has a notch 20. The notch 20 is provided on the underside 11B of the end 12 of the beam 10 that is connected to the outer girder 2A. The multiple notches 20 are arranged along the extension direction DE2 of the girder 2. The beam 10 has a reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces an adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the notch 20.

[0063] <Effect> A storage section 16 can be provided in the cutout 20 along the girder 2 in the building 1. The storage section 16 can store a variety of devices. This allows the appearance of the interior around the girder 2 to be simplified. For example, a curtain rail can be mentioned as an example of the device. The curtain rail may be a rail for automatically opening and closing curtains. The curtain rail is placed inside the storage section 16. This allows the appearance of the window area in the first floor ceiling 6 to be simplified.

[0064] FIG. 12 shows a cross section near the girder 2 of a building 1 whose framework is formed by the beams 10 of this embodiment. FIG. 13 shows a cross section near the girder 2 of a building 1 whose framework is formed by a conventional beam 90. According to the prior art, the beam 10 does not have a notch 20. Therefore, in order to provide a storage section 16 behind the first-floor ceiling 6, the vertical length of the beam 10 is reduced to provide a space SA between the first-floor ceiling 6 and the beam 10. As a result of defining the vertical length of the beam 10 in this manner, the length of the beam 10 is limited. The area of ​​the floor below the beam 10 is limited by the length of the beam 10. On the other hand, with the beam 10 of this embodiment, the storage section 16 can be placed in the notch 20. Furthermore, the vertical length of the beam 10 other than the remaining portion 13 is greater than the remaining portion 13. Furthermore, in the beam 10 of this embodiment, the portion 26 adjacent to the notch 20 is reinforced by a reinforcing portion 30. Therefore, the beam 10 of this embodiment has higher strength than the beam 90 of the conventional structure, which has the same vertical length as the remaining portion 13. Therefore, the beam 10 can be made longer than the beam 90 of the conventional structure. This allows the floor area under the beam 10 to be larger than the floor area in the case of the beam 90 of the conventional structure.

[0065] As shown in Figures 11 and 14, in one example of a building 1, the storage section 16 is configured to fit along the exterior wall 17. The storage section 16 is configured so that the lower end of the storage section 16 is positioned flush with the ceiling 6 of the first floor. A curtain rail is stored in the storage section 16. Furthermore, a window 18 is provided in the exterior wall 17. The window 18 is configured so that the upper end of the window 18 is positioned flush with the ceiling 6 (see Figure 14). The window 18 extends from the floor 7 to the ceiling 6. When looking outside from inside the room, the curtain rail installed around the window 18 is hidden within the storage section 16 and cannot be seen. Therefore, a room configured with such beams 10 can give a spacious impression to the occupant or user of the room.

[0066] Seventh Embodiment A building 1 according to a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 15. The building 1 includes the beams 10 shown in the first to fifth embodiments. In the building 1 of this embodiment, components common to those in the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant explanations will be omitted.

[0067] The building 1 includes a girder 2 and a plurality of beams 10. The girder 2 is supported by columns 3. The plurality of beams 10 are disposed between two girders 2. The plurality of beams 10 connect the two girders 2.

[0068] A plurality of beams 10 are arranged between the first and second floors of the building 1. The beams 10 are connected to the girder 2 so as to be parallel to one another. Each of the beams 10 has a cutout 20. The cutout 20 is provided on the upper surface 11A of the beam 10. The beam 10 has a reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces an adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the cutout 20.

[0069] The cutouts 20 of the beams 10 are arranged in a row along the extension direction of the girder 2. The upper surfaces 20A of the cutouts 20 of the beams 10 are located at the same height. The cutouts 20 support the floor of the down floor 63. The down floor 63 may be configured as a pit living space.

[0070] <Effects> Conventionally, when a down floor 63 is provided in a building 1, the beams arranged under the down floor 63 are made of separate members from the beams arranged under the adjacent floor 64 adjacent to the down floor 63. In this regard, according to the present embodiment, the beams 10 are provided so as to extend across the under floor of the down floor 63 and the under floor of the adjacent floor 64. This makes it possible to improve the construction efficiency of the building 1.

[0071] Eighth Embodiment A building 1 according to an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 16. The building 1 includes the beams 10 shown in the first to fifth embodiments. Components of the building 1 of this embodiment that are common to the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant explanations will be omitted.

[0072] The building 1 comprises a girder 2 and a plurality of beams 10. The girder 2 is supported by columns 3. The plurality of beams 10 are arranged between an indoor girder 2B and an outdoor girder 2C. The plurality of beams 10 connect the indoor girder 2B and the outdoor girder 2C. The plurality of beams 10 are partially arranged outdoors.

[0073] The building 1 comprises a second-floor indoor space 5 and an outdoor extension 8 that is continuous with the indoor space 5. The outdoor extension 8 includes a veranda, a balcony, and a roof balcony. A plurality of beams 10 are arranged parallel to one another and extend from the indoor space 5 to the outdoor extension 8.

[0074] Each of the multiple beams 10 has a cutout portion 20. The cutout portion 20 is provided on the upper surface 11A of the beam 10. The beam 10 has a reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the cutout portion 20. The multiple cutout portions 20 are provided in portions corresponding to the exterior extension portion 8. The cutout portions 20 of the multiple beams 10 are arranged in a row. The cutout portions 20 of the multiple beams 10 are aligned in the extension direction of the exterior girder 2C. The upper surfaces 20A of the cutout portions 20 of the multiple beams 10 are located at the same height. The multiple cutout portions 20 support the floor of the exterior extension portion 8 via the drainage space S.

[0075] <Effects> Conventionally, when an outdoor extension 8 (e.g., a balcony) is provided in a building 1, the beams 10 arranged under the floor of the outdoor extension 8 are formed as separate members from the beams 10 arranged under the floor of the indoor space 5. In this regard, according to the above configuration, the beams 10 are provided so as to extend between under the floor of the outdoor extension 8 and under the floor of the indoor space 5. This makes it possible to improve the construction efficiency of the building 1.

[0076] <Modifications> The above embodiment is an example of the form that the beam 10 and the building 1 can take, and is not intended to limit the form. The beam 10 and the building 1 can take a form different from the form exemplified in the above embodiment. Examples of such a form include a form in which part of the configuration of the embodiment is replaced, changed, or omitted, or a form in which a new configuration is added to the embodiment. Modifications of the embodiment are shown below.

[0077] The reinforcing portion 30 may have a structure other than that shown in the embodiment. As a modified example of the reinforcing portion 30, the adjacent portion 26 may be reinforced by wrapping a fiber sheet around the adjacent portion 26. An example of the fiber sheet is a carbon fiber sheet.

[0078] The adjacent portion 26 reinforced by the reinforcing portion 30 in the embodiment and modified examples may be further reinforced with adhesive. In the second embodiment, adhesive may be filled in the gap between the shank of the second bolt 37 and the through hole 27. In the third embodiment, adhesive may be filled in the gap between the connecting member 43 and the through hole 27.

[0079] DZ...vertical direction, S...drainage space, 1...building, 2...girder, 8...outdoor extension, 10...beam, 11...beam body, 11A...upper surface, 11B...lower surface, 12...end, 20...cutout portion, 26...adjacent portion, 27...through hole, 30...reinforcement portion, 31...bolt, 35...bolt, 38...plate, 41...first plate, 42...second plate, 43...connecting member, 44...bolt, 47...first penetrating member, 48...second penetrating member, 63...down floor, 65...indoor space.

Claims

1. A beam for a building, comprising: a wooden beam body having an upper surface and a lower surface; a notch provided in the beam body; and a reinforcing part that reinforces the periphery of the notch, wherein the notch is provided so as to cut out the upper surface or the lower surface, and the reinforcing part reinforces an adjacent part of the beam body that is adjacent to the notch.

2. A beam for a building as described in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing portion is provided with a bolt, the bolt engages with a through hole that passes through the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and the bolt is positioned within the through hole of the adjacent portion.

3. A beam of a building as described in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing portion comprises a bolt having a shaft and a head, and a plate placed on the upper or lower surface of the adjacent portion, the bolt is inserted into a hole in the plate so that the head contacts the plate and engages with a through-hole that passes through the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and the shaft of the bolt is placed within the through-hole of the adjacent portion.

4. A beam for a building as described in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing portion comprises a first plate arranged on the upper surface of the adjacent portion, a second plate arranged on the lower surface of the adjacent portion, and a connecting member that passes through the adjacent portion and connects the first plate and the second plate.

5. A beam of a building as described in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing portion comprises a first penetrating member that penetrates the adjacent portion in the vertical direction, and a second penetrating member that penetrates the first penetrating member and the adjacent portion so as to intersect with the axial direction of the first penetrating member.

6. A building comprising a plurality of beams that are the beams of the building described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of beams are connected to a girder so as to be parallel to one another, and each of the plurality of beams has the notch on the underside of the end of the beam that is connected to the girder, and the plurality of notches are arranged along the extension direction of the girder.

7. A building comprising a plurality of beams that are the beams of the building described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of beams are connected to a girder so as to be parallel to one another, each of the plurality of beams has the notch on the upper surface of the beam, and the plurality of notches support a floor of a down floor.

8. A building comprising a plurality of beams that are the beams of the building described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the plurality of beams being arranged parallel to one another and spanning from the indoor space to the outdoor extension, each of the plurality of beams having the notch on the upper surface of the beam, the plurality of notches being provided in parts corresponding to the outdoor extension, and the plurality of notches supporting the floor of the outdoor extension via a drainage space.

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