Environment protection material, gabion, and construction method of environment protection material

Abstract

To provide an environment protection material that is small and lightweight and capable of capturing earth and gravel.SOLUTION: A first nested helical body 10 installed on a ground GL to capture flowing earth and gravel includes: a parent helical structure 12 formed into a helical shape by winding a first wire 11 at a first pitch P1; a second helical structure 22 which is formed into a helical shape by winding a second wire 21 at a second pitch P2, in which an inner diameter portion 23 formed by winding the second wire 21 is inserted through the first wire 11; and a plurality of trapping portions 24 which are provided between one end and the other end of the first wire 11 with intervals by interwinding the first wire 11 with the second wire 21 and which are formed in loop shapes extending radially outward with respect to a shaft center 13 of the parent helical structure 12 by the second wire 21. The trapping portions 24 trap the flowing earth and gravel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a technique for suppressing the development of various soil erosion scars caused by precipitation such as rain and surface flow on slopes, and for promoting vegetation recovery. [Background technology]

[0002] As a technology for preventing soil erosion caused by the flow of water such as rainwater, mountainside conservation materials have been proposed as environmental conservation materials, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2. These mountainside conservation materials have a skeleton-type three-dimensional structure (referred to as a spiral cylindrical structure) in which diamond-shaped wire mesh of a predetermined width is wound into a cylindrical shape with its sides spiraled. In the skeleton-type spiral cylindrical structure, a space (referred to as a space layer) of a predetermined thickness is formed in a spiral shape between the diamond-shaped wire mesh on the inner periphery and the diamond-shaped wire mesh on the outer periphery when viewed in the radial direction.

[0003] In the mountainside conservation material of Patent Document 1, in order to maintain the spatial layers of the spiral cylindrical structure at a predetermined thickness (layer thickness), coil spring-like cross coils, made of wire material such as steel wire wound spirally in the radial direction, are screwed into diamond-shaped wire mesh from the radial outside of the spiral cylindrical structure at appropriate intervals, and are screwed forward while engaging with the row wires around the mesh of the diamond-shaped wire mesh that form each spatial layer. Each spatial layer can be maintained by the cross coils engaging with the diamond-shaped wire mesh in the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals.

[0004] The mountainside conservation material of Patent Document 2 has coil spacers having a shape similar to that of the cross coils arranged at appropriate intervals in the space layers along the length of the row wires, making it possible to hold each space layer.

[0005] In the mountainside conservation materials disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, if the axial direction of the spiral cylindrical structure is considered to be the front side, the spiral cylindrical structure is installed on a slope with the front side facing perpendicular to the water flowing down the slope of the mountainside. Stones, fallen leaves, branches, etc. (hereinafter referred to as soil and gravel) that flow with the water pass through or are captured by the diamond-shaped wire mesh, and eventually the airspace layer is filled with soil and gravel.

[0006] The soil, stones, and gravel that flow into the space layer and serve as the filling base are considered to be trapped within the layer. It is expected that the accumulation of soil and gravel will prevent outflow on the upstream side of the installation location of the spiral cylindrical structure, and that scouring due to the flow of soil and gravel will be prevented on the downstream side. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-80686 [Non-patent document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-112018 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The environmental conservation materials disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are constructed with a skeleton-type spiral cylindrical structure to prevent scouring by soil and gravel, to make them lightweight so that workers can easily carry them to high places such as mountaintops, and to make it easy to climb slopes with poor footing.

[0009] Construction sites where scouring by sediment and gravel is to be prevented are not necessarily the same in terms of topography, type and size of the sediment and gravel that flows. For this reason, further development of environmental conservation materials that are effective in preventing scouring by sediment and that are lightweight is desired. In addition, the diamond-shaped wire mesh, which is the main component, is expensive, so cost reduction is also desired.

[0010] The present invention aims to provide a scoop that can further develop and effectively utilize environmental conservation materials by reducing their size and weight, sufficiently capturing soil and gravel, and reducing costs, as well as a construction method suitable for new environmental conservation materials. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The environmental conservation material of the first invention that achieves the object of the present invention is an environmental conservation material that is placed on the ground and captures flowing soil and gravel, and is configured to have a first spiral structure formed in a spiral shape by winding a first wire at intervals, and a plurality of capture sections that are arranged at intervals between one end side and the other end side of the first wire, and are formed in a loop shape by a second wire that extends radially outward from the first spiral structure.

[0012] The second invention of the environmental conservation material that achieves the object of the present invention is an environmental conservation material that is placed on the ground and captures flowing soil and gravel, and is configured to have a first spiral structure formed into a spiral shape by winding a first wire at intervals, a second spiral structure formed into a spiral shape by winding a second wire at intervals, and an inner diameter portion formed by the winding of the second wire being inserted into the first wire, and a plurality of capture portions formed into a loop shape by the second wire that are spaced apart between one end of the first wire and the other end of the first wire by the second wire being entangled with each other and extending radially outward from the first spiral structure.

[0013] The environmental conservation material of the third invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, is the environmental conservation material of the second invention, which can be configured such that the intervals at which the first wire is wound are equal to a first pitch, and the outer diameter of the second spiral structure is 1 to 3 centimeters smaller than the value of the first pitch.

[0014] The environmental conservation material of the fourth invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured such that, in the environmental conservation material of the second or third invention, both ends of the two wires are free and not constrained relative to the first wire.

[0015] An environmental conservation material according to a fifth aspect of the present invention that achieves the object of the present invention is the environmental conservation material according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the second wire material can be a hard steel wire.

[0016] The environmental conservation material of the sixth invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured as an environmental conservation material of the first or second invention, in which an outer net made of a mesh member extends along the longitudinal direction of the first spiral structure and covers the first spiral structure in a circumferential direction, the inner surface of which abuts the radial tips of the multiple capturing portions.

[0017] The environmental conservation material of the seventh invention that achieves the object of the present invention is the environmental conservation material of the first or second invention, wherein the second helical structure can be formed by connecting wires of different hardness in series.

[0018] The eighth invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured so that the environmental conservation material of the first or second invention is contained within the basket as a filler material.

[0019] The ninth invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured so that the environmental conservation material of the sixth invention is contained within the bin as a filler material.

[0020] The crockery basket of the 10th invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured so that multiple environmental conservation materials of the 7th invention are contained within the crockery basket as filler materials.

[0021] The method of installing environmental conservation materials of the 11th invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, involves installing an environmental conservation material of any of the first to third inventions with the longitudinal direction of the first spiral structure aligned with the flow direction of the soil and gravel.

[0022] The method for installing environmental conservation materials of the 12th invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured to install multiple environmental conservation materials of any of the 1st to 3rd inventions in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the debris flow.

[0023] The method for installing environmental conservation materials of the thirteenth invention, which achieves the object of the present invention, can be configured to install the environmental conservation material of the sixth invention in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the debris flow. [Effects of the Invention]

[0024] According to the first invention, the environmental conservation material can be lightweight, with multiple loop-shaped capture parts arranged on the spirally shaped first wire of the first helical structure. Furthermore, the multiple capture parts can capture flowing sediment and gravel. In particular, by arranging the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the environmental conservation material along the flow direction of the sediment and gravel, the capture parts can capture the sediment and gravel as it flows along the longitudinal direction of the environmental conservation material.

[0025] Furthermore, sediment and gravel can also be captured within the inner diameter portion of the first helical structure. The first helical structure is made by winding the first wire in a spiral shape multiple times, and can be said to have the properties of a kind of spring. Therefore, even if sediment and gravel hit the inner diameter portion of the first helical structure hard, the impact force is absorbed by the expansion and contraction deformation of the first helical structure, preventing deformation of the first helical structure. When the first helical structure expands and contracts, the sediment and gravel captured in the inner diameter portion of the first helical structure is shaken, allowing the sediment and gravel to be firmly captured. In addition, gaps between stones that are trapped on top of each other, for example, widen, ensuring a waterway.

[0026] Furthermore, the environmental conservation material does not require the diamond-shaped wire mesh used in the past, and can be made up of first and second wire materials, both of which are wire materials, thereby reducing costs.

[0027] According to the second invention, in addition to the effects of the first invention, the environmental conservation material is configured such that the inner diameter portion of the second helical structure is inserted into the first wire, and two trapping portions are formed per pitch of the second wire. By adjusting the pitch of the second wire, the width of the trapping portions can be adjusted, so the pitch of the second wire can be set according to the size of the soil and gravel to be captured.

[0028] The outer diameter of the environmental conservation material is twice the outer diameter of the second helical structure plus the outer diameter of the first helical structure. Therefore, by adjusting the outer diameter of the second helical structure, the outer diameter of the environmental conservation material can be adjusted to a larger value.

[0029] According to the third aspect of the present invention, the width of the capturing parts can be increased while avoiding interference between adjacent capturing parts, and the second helical structure can be smoothly attached to the first helical structure.

[0030] According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the second helical structure is provided on the first wire without distortion, and the capturing portion can be directed radially outward from the first helical structure.

[0031] According to the fifth invention, the elastic restoring force of the second spiral structure can be increased, the capture portion can be pushed radially outward from the first spiral structure with a large elastic restoring force, and the rigidity of the capture portion can be increased.

[0032] According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the efficiency of capturing soil and gravel including fallen leaves and branches is improved, and soil and gravel begin to deposit upstream soon after installation.

[0033] According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the loop-shaped trapping portion formed by the second helical structure of soft steel wire, out of the second helical structure of hard steel wire and the second helical structure of soft steel wire, can easily elastically deform and deflect even if soil and gravel collide with it with a large impact, preventing damage. It can also absorb unevenness in the contact surface of the environmental conservation material, allowing it to be installed stably.

[0034] According to the 8th to 10th inventions, since the filling material is light, the crucible can be installed without relying on heavy machinery, and soil and gravel can be filled up to the height of the crucible, allowing the soil and gravel to be deposited upstream of the crucible in the direction of soil and gravel flow.

[0035] According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, soil and gravel can be efficiently captured by the environmental conservation material.

[0036] According to the 12th invention, in a large construction site, an area surrounded by the length of the environmental conservation materials and the width along the parallel installation direction can be covered with multiple environmental conservation materials, and flowing soil and gravel can be captured within that area, making it possible to prevent scouring due to flowing soil and gravel over a large area.

[0037] According to the thirteenth invention, the outer net can easily capture fallen leaves and branches, and after installation, sedimentation of environmental conservation materials can be achieved early on the upstream side of the soil and gravel flow direction. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0038] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of an environmental conservation material according to the present invention, drawn in perspective; [Figure 2] This is a perspective view of the exterior of the environmental conservation material shown in Figure 1, drawn in perspective. [Figure 3] This is a side perspective view of the environmental conservation material shown in Figure 1, drawn in perspective. [Figure 4] 2(a) is a side view of a first helical structure constituting the environmental conservation material shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2(b) is a side view of a second helical structure constituting the environmental conservation material shown in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an external perspective view showing a second embodiment of the environmental conservation material according to the present invention, showing the state in which it is placed at an installation location. [Figure 6] FIG. 10(a) is a side view of a first helical structure constituting the environmental conservation material of the second embodiment, and FIG. 10(b) is a side view of a second helical structure constituting the environmental conservation material of the second embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 6 is a perspective front view of the environmental conservation material shown in FIG. 5. [Figure 8] The environmental conservation materials shown in Figures 5 and 7 are oblique views of the environment from the front, obliquely forward, drawn in perspective. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of the environmental conservation materials shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are arranged side by side. [Figure 10] The front view of Fig. 9 is shown, drawn in perspective. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a front view of a net-attached environmental conservation material according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] A side view of the net-equipped environmental conservation material shown in Figure 10 is shown. [Figure 13] 13A and 13B show a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a plan view of a diamond-shaped wire netting in an expanded state, and (b) is an enlarged view of the arrow AA in FIG. 13A. [Figure 14] This is a front view of a crane showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a side view of the crane shown in FIG. 14. [Figure 16] This is an oblique view of a crane showing the seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] 10A and 10B show an eighth embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into two, and (b) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into three. [Figure 18] 10A and 10B show a ninth embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into two, and (b) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0040] First embodiment In Figures 1 to 4, the first environmental conservation material 10 of the first embodiment is installed on the ground GL in a place where soil erosion is occurring due to the flow of water such as rainwater, or in a place where erosion is likely to occur, and captures the flowing soil and gravel.

[0041] As shown in Figure 4(a), the first environmental conservation material 10 has a first spiral structure 12 in which a first wire 11 is wound in a circular spiral shape with a predetermined interval, a first pitch P1, and a plurality of turns (first number of turns n1), and as shown in Figure 4(b), a second spiral structure 22 in which a second wire 21 is wound in a circular spiral shape with a predetermined interval, a second pitch P2, and a plurality of turns (second number of turns n2).

[0042] 4(a), assuming that the wire diameter of the first wire rod 11 is d1, the diameter (outer diameter) of the first helical structure 12 is D1, and the axial length is L1, the first helical structure 12 is formed in a helical shape with the first wire rod 11 at a first pitch P1 and a diameter D1, with the first axis center 13 as its axis. Also, as shown in FIG. 4(b), assuming that the wire diameter of the second wire rod 21 is d2, the diameter (outer diameter) of the second helical structure 22 is D2, and the axial length is L2, the second helical structure 22 is formed in a helical shape with the second wire rod 21 at a second pitch P2 and a diameter D2, with the second axis center 22a as its axis.

[0043] The first wire 11 constituting the first helical structure 12 is made of a soft steel wire, and the second wire 21 constituting the second helical structure 22 is made of a steel wire. An example of the soft steel wire is SWMGS-6: equivalent to galvanized iron wire, and an example of the steel wire is GF-4 equivalent (JIS G3548 compliant: hard steel wire with a galvanized coating).

[0044] In the first environmental conservation material 10, the cylindrical inner diameter portion 23 of the second helical structure 22 is inserted into the first wire 11 of the first helical structure 12, and one end 21a to the other end 21b of the second helical structure 22 is arranged between one end 11a and the other end 11b of the first wire 11. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, if the first helical structure 12 is referred to as the parent helical structure and the second helical structure 22 is referred to as the child helical structure, the child helical structure 22 is inserted into the parent helical structure 12. Similarly, hereinafter, in this specification, the first helical structure 12 is referred to as the parent helical structure 12, and the second helical structure 22 is referred to as the child helical structure 22.

[0045] 1 to 3, the inside of the second wire rod 21 of the child helical structure 22 is wound around the inside of the first wire rod 11, which is curved at a predetermined curvature, and the two become intertwined, and the elastic repulsive force of the child helical structure 22 forms a large number of loop-shaped trapping sections 24 extending radially outward from the parent helical structure 12 at predetermined intervals around the axis of the first wire rod 11. The trapping sections 24 are formed by the second wire rod 21 with respect to the first wire rod 11, and loop spaces 24a are formed between the intertwining sections for one period. The loop spaces 24a are generally oblong in a front view from the open end of the parent helical structure 12 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and generally circular in a side view from the side of the parent helical structure 12 as shown in FIG. 3.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first nested spiral 10 is installed such that the axial direction of the first axis 13, which is the longitudinal direction of the parent spiral structure 12, is aligned with the sediment flow direction. As shown in FIG. 2, if the X, Y, and Z axes are defined as three mutually perpendicular axes, the first axis 13 is aligned along the Y axis, which is the sediment flow direction. Depending on the size of the installation site, multiple first nested spirals 10 are installed side by side in the X axis direction (width direction), which is a direction perpendicular to the sediment flow direction. When the installation site is an inclined surface, the sediment flow direction is from upstream to downstream.

[0047] An example of a case in which multiple first nested spirals 10 are installed in the width direction is when the installation location is wide. When the installation location is wide, it is conceivable to increase the diameter D3 of the first nested spiral 10 (see FIG. 1 ) by increasing the diameter D1 of the parent spiral structure 12 and the diameter D2 of the child spiral structure 22 that make up the first nested spiral 10. However, this would also result in an unnecessarily high height (Z-axis direction), which is not practical. Therefore, the diameter D3 of the first nested spiral 10 is kept to the required height to achieve miniaturization, and multiple first nested spirals 10 are installed side by side in the X-axis direction. The miniaturization of the first nested spiral 10 improves the transportability of the nested spiral and reduces its weight, allowing the first nested spiral 10 to be airlifted from the foot of a mountain to the top by drone.

[0048] The first nested spiral 10 is held to the ground GL by an anchor device (not shown). In this specification, when the first nested spiral 10 is installed along the direction of the flow of sediment and gravel, one end side (the sediment discharge side) of the first axis 13 of the first nested spiral 10 in the axial direction will be described as the front side, and the other end side (the back side) will be described as the sediment inflow side.

[0049] The first nested helix 10 has multiple loop-shaped capture portions 24 formed by the second wires 21 that are entangled with the first wires 11 around the first axis 13, facing radially outward from the parent helical structure 12. Because the inner ends of the second wires 21 are entangled with the first wires 11, the capture portions 24 may interfere with other capture portions 24 that engage with adjacent first wires 11 in the axial direction of the first axis 13 depending on the values ​​of the diameter D2, first pitch P1, and second pitch P2 of the child helical structure 22, or the capture portions 24 around the first axis 13 may completely overlap in the axial direction of the first axis 13.

[0050] When viewed from the front (rear), the first nested spiral 10 is configured such that a capture portion 24 of diameter D2 is arranged radially around the axis of the first axis 13 on the outer periphery of a parent spiral structure 12 of outer diameter D1.Therefore, if the outer diameter of the first nested spiral 10 is D3, then the outer diameter D3 is the sum of the outer diameter D1 of the parent spiral structure 12 and twice the outer diameter D2 of the capture portion 24 (2D2) (D3 = D1 + 2D2).

[0051] The capture portion 24 of the first nested spiral 10 captures, in the loop space 24a, soil and gravel that cannot pass through the gaps between the loop-shaped second wires 21, or captures, for example, fallen leaves and branches that are caught on the loop-shaped second wires 21. In addition, soil and gravel flows into the inner diameter portion 14 of the parent spiral structure 12 not only from the opening on the back side, but also from between the spiral-shaped first wires 11. The soil and gravel that flows into the inner diameter portion 14 is either caught and captured by the spiral-shaped first wires 11 along the way, or flows out radially outward from between the spiral-shaped first wires 11 and further flows out from the discharge-side opening of the parent spiral structure 12.

[0052] 1 shows a state in which the capture portions 24 are completely overlapped in the axial direction of the first axis 13 around the first axis 13, but the present invention is not limited to such a state in which the capture portions 24 are completely overlapped. It is preferable to minimize the area in which each capture portion 24 is not present in the axial direction around the first axis 13. However, by overlapping multiple capture portions 24 in the axial direction of the first axis 13, it becomes possible for the downstream capture portion 24 to capture earth, stones, gravel, etc. that has slipped through the loop space 24a of the upstream capture portion 24.

[0053] That is, by installing the first nested spiral 10 with the axial direction of the first axis 13 aligned with the flow direction of the sediment, the sediment is captured in the capturing portion 24. Because the capturing portion 24 is formed in a loop shape using the second steel wire 21, it absorbs the impact of the sediment colliding with it through elastic deformation, making it difficult for the sediment to bounce off and escape from the capturing portion 24.

[0054] The first nested spiral 10 captures sediment using the capture sections 24 up to a height of diameter D3 from the ground surface GL where it is installed, allowing the sediment to be deposited. The sediment is captured directly by the capture sections 24 and also between adjacent capture sections 24 around the first axis 13. Other ways in which sediment can be captured by the capture sections 24 include, for example, when the sediment is captured between sediment already captured by the capture sections 24. As the capture of sediment by the capture sections 24 progresses, the density of the captured sediment increases, and even small sediment is captured, resulting in the deposition of sediment.

[0055] Furthermore, when sediment flows into the inner diameter portion 14 of the parent helix structure 12, the sediment flows up to the length of the axial length L1, increasing the probability of it being captured along that distance. Because the parent helix structure 12 is made of the first wire rod 11 made of mild steel, it absorbs the impact of the flowing sediment through elastic deformation like a coil spring, preventing deformation of the parent helix structure 12. When the parent helix structure 12 repeatedly expands and contracts (vibrates) due to elastic deformation caused by the impact of the sediment flowing into the inner diameter portion 14, the sediment captured by the parent helix structure 12 moves slightly, narrowing the gaps between the captured sediment and improving the efficiency of capturing small-sized sediment. The sedimentary layer of sediment accumulated by the first nested spiral body 10 is formed by stones and other objects being captured in the capturing portion 24 of the first nested spiral body 10 and the inner diameter portion 14 of the parent spiral structure 12 while allowing water to pass through, thereby ensuring a drainage function that drains water flowing from the upstream side to the downstream side.

[0056] If a parallel unit of first nested spirals 10 is formed by arranging multiple first nested spirals 10 in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the sediment and gravel, then by arranging multiple parallel units along the flow direction of the sediment and gravel, the first nested spirals 10 can cover the entire area where environmental conservation is required, thereby making it possible to prevent the entire area from being used for environmental conservation measures against the flow of sediment and gravel.

[0057] 1 to 3, the diameter D1 of the master screw structure 12 and the diameter D2 of the slave screw structure 22 are equal (D1=D2), for example, 330 mm, the first pitch P1 and the second pitch P2 are equal to the diameter D1, 330 mm, the first number of turns n1 is 3 turns, and the first axial length L1 is 1000 mm (P1×n1). In order to minimize interference between the slave screw structure 22 and the master screw structure 12 and enable smooth attachment, it is preferable that the diameter (outer diameter) D2 of the slave screw structure 22 be several centimeters smaller than the value of the first pitch P1, for example, 1 cm to 3 cm, or even 2 cm to 3 cm smaller.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 1, three overlapping trapping portions 24 are formed at six equiangularly spaced locations around the first axis 13 along the axial direction of the first axis 13. Therefore, the first nested spiral 10 has a total of 18 trapping portions 24. Since the number of trapping portions 24 is the same as the second number of turns n2 of the secondary spiral structure 22, the second number of turns n2 of the secondary spiral structure 22 is 18 turns. The second axial length L2 is given by the second pitch P2 x the second number of turns n2. Therefore, the second axial length L2 is L2 = 330 x 18 = 5940 mm. The wire diameter d1 of the first wire 11 is 6.0 mm, and the wire diameter d2 of the second wire 21 is 4.0 mm.

[0059] In the present invention, the values ​​of the diameter D1 and the diameter D2, the values ​​of the first pitch P1 and the second pitch P2, the values ​​of the first number of turns n1 and the second number of turns n2, and the values ​​of the wire diameters d1 and d2 are not limited to these values.

[0060] If the second number of turns n2 is set to 18 as described above, the second axial length L2 will be as long as 5,940 mm (approximately 6 m), which may make it difficult to handle manually or transport. In such cases, for example, the second number of turns n2 can be set to 10 turns, making the second axial length L2 approximately 3,300 mm (approximately 3.3 m), which will make it easier to move the secondary spiral 42 manually or transport it by truck, etc.

[0061] In this embodiment, the radially outward direction of the loop space 24a of the capture portion 24 relative to the parent spiral structure 12 is defined as the major axis, and the direction perpendicular to the major axis is defined as the minor axis. Increasing the second pitch P2 of the child spiral structure 22 increases the length of the loop space 24a of the capture portion 24 in the minor axis direction, whereas decreasing the second pitch P2 decreases the length of the loop space 24a of the capture portion 24 in the minor axis direction. As the minor axis length of the loop space 24a of the capture portion 24 decreases, the size of the sediment that can pass through the loop space 24a of the capture portion 24 decreases, enabling the capture of small-sized sediment. Furthermore, increasing the second axial length L2 of the child spiral structure 22 and decreasing the second pitch increases the number of capture portions 24, narrowing the spacing between adjacent capture portions 24 around the first axis 13, enabling the capture of small-sized sediment between the capture portions 24. Conversely, increasing the second pitch P2 enables the capture of large-sized sediment.

[0062] Therefore, when suppressing the flow of sediment in areas where there is a lot of small-sized gravel, the second pitch P2 of the second wires 21 of the child helical structure 22 is made small, and when suppressing the flow of sediment in areas where there is a lot of large-sized gravel, the second pitch P2 of the second wires 21 of the child helical structure 22 is made large. When a large amount of sediment is predicted to flow, the diameters of the parent helical structure 12 and the child helical structure 22 are made large to accommodate a sufficient volume and height of the sediment. Increasing the first pitch P1 of the parent helical structure 12 makes it possible to avoid interference with the capture portion 24 entangled in the adjacent first wires 11 in the front-to-rear direction (axial direction of the first axis 13).

[0063] When the first pitch P1 of the parent helical structure 12 is large and the number of turns of the first wire 11 is small, the parent helical structure 12 is easily deformed (its bending rigidity is low) when an external force is applied radially inward to the parent helical structure 12. If the first pitch P1 is small and the number of turns of the first wire 11 is large, the bending rigidity of the parent helical structure 12 increases, but the wire length of the first wire 11 increases, and the weight of the parent helical structure 12 increases.

[0064] Because the installation location of the first nested spiral 10 is often at the top of a steep slope, for example, it is desirable for the first nested spiral 10 to be as light as possible in terms of portability. For this reason, the parent spiral structure 12 and the child spiral structure 22 are determined taking into consideration the weight, bending rigidity, loop size of the capture portion 24 suitable for capture, etc.

[0065] Although the inner diameter portion 14 of the parent helical structure 12 and the inner diameter portion 23 of the child helical structure 22 are circular cylindrical, they may be polygonal, such as elliptical, triangular, or rectangular.

[0066] In addition, in this embodiment, the capture portion 24 is formed in a loop shape extending radially outward from the parent spiral structure 12 by passing the curved first wire rod 11 through the inner diameter portion 23 of the child spiral structure 22, so that the elastic restoring force of the child spiral structure 22 causes the first wire rod 11 and the second wire rod 21 to become entangled with each other at a predetermined interval.

[0067] Second embodiment 5 to 8 show a second embodiment of the environmental conservation material according to the present invention.

[0068] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the second environmental conservation material (referred to as the second nested spiral) 30 of the second embodiment is composed of a first spiral structure (parent spiral structure) 32 in which a first wire 31 is wound multiple times (third number of turns n3) with a predetermined third pitch P3, and a second spiral structure (child spiral structure) 42 in which a second wire 41 is wound multiple times (fourth number of turns n4) with a predetermined fourth pitch P4, similar to the first nested spiral 10 of the first embodiment.

[0069] In the second nested helix 30 of the second embodiment, the parent helix structure 32 has an inner diameter portion 34. As shown in Fig. 7, the parent helix structure 32 is formed by winding the first wires 31 at a dense third pitch P3, and therefore the inner diameter portion 34 is surrounded by the dense first wires 31. The child helix structure 42 has a cylindrical inner diameter portion 43 formed around a second axis 42a.

[0070] In the second nested helix 30 of this embodiment, the inner diameter portion 43 of the child helix 42 is inserted into the first wire 31 of the parent helix 32, and the child helix 42 is housed between both ends of the first wire 31 of the parent helix 32. As with the first nested helix 10 of the first embodiment, the second wire 41 forms a plurality of loop-shaped trapping portions 44 extending radially outward from the parent helix 32. In the trapping portions 44, the second wire 41 forms loop-shaped loop spaces 44a between the entangled portions of one period with respect to the first wire 31. The loop spaces 44a are generally oblong in a front view from the open end of the parent helix 32 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, and generally circular in a side view from the side of the parent helix 12 as shown in FIG.

[0071] In the second embodiment, the diameter D4 of the parent helical structure 32 and the diameter D5 of the child helical structure 42 are set to the same value (D4=D5), for example, 85 mm, and the third pitch P3 and the fourth pitch P4 are set to the same value (P3=P4), for example, 85 mm. Also, the wire diameter d3 of the third wire 31 is set to 4.0 mm, and the wire diameter d4 of the fourth wire 41 is set to 2.6 mm. Furthermore, the diameter D4 of the parent spiral structure 32 can be 160 mm, the third pitch P3 can be 120 mm, the diameter D5 of the child spiral structure 42 can be 100 mm, the fourth pitch P4 can be 80 mm, the wire diameter d3 of the third wire 31 can be 5 mm, and the wire diameter d4 of the fourth wire 41 can be 2.6 mm.The third wire 31 can be a soft steel wire made of zinc-aluminum alloy plated iron wire (AZA-30H: product name Sun AZ Wire, manufactured by Nichia Steel Co., Ltd.), and the fourth wire can be a hard steel wire (GF-4).

[0072] The third axial length L3 of the parent helical structure 32 is given by the circumferential length of the parent helical structure 32 (D4 × π) × the third number of turns n3. The nested helical body 30 shown in FIGS. 5, 7, and 8 has a third axial length L3 of 1,000 mm, and the third number of turns n3 of the parent helical structure 32 is approximately 12. Assuming that the child helical structure 42 has six turns of the second wire 41 inserted into one turn of the parent helical structure 32, as in the first embodiment, the fourth number of turns n4 of the second wire 41 of the child helical structure 42 is 72 turns (6 turns × 12 turns). The second axial length L4 is given by the fourth pitch P4 × the fourth number of turns n4. Therefore, the second axial length L4 is L4 = 85 × 72 = 6,120 mm. If handling is difficult when the second axial length L4 is approximately 6 m, the fourth number of turns n4 of the secondary spiral structure 42 can be halved to 36 turns, which will make the second axial length L4 approximately 3000 mm, making it easier to move the secondary spiral body 42 manually or handle it when transporting it by truck, etc.

[0073] As in the first embodiment, the third wire 31 constituting the parent helical structure 32 is made of a soft steel wire (AZA-30H), and the fourth wire 21 constituting the child helical structure 42 is made of a steel wire. An example of the soft steel wire is SWMGS-6: equivalent to a galvanized iron wire, and an example of the steel wire is GF-4 equivalent (JIS G3548 compliant: hard steel wire with a galvanized coating).

[0074] In the second nested spiral 30 of the second embodiment, similarly to the first nested spiral 10 of the first embodiment, the first wire rod 31 of the parent spiral structure 32 is inserted into the inner diameter portion 43 of the child spiral structure 42, and the child spiral structure 42 is disposed between both ends of the first wire rod 31. At this time, the elastic restoring force of the second wire rod 41 causes the first wire rod 31 and the second wire rod 41 to become entangled with each other, and similarly to the trapping portion 24 of the first embodiment, a plurality of trapping portions 44 that form loop-shaped loop spaces 44a are formed by the second wire rod 41 at a predetermined pitch.

[0075] Compared to the first nested spiral 10 of the first embodiment, the second nested spiral 30 of the second embodiment has smaller diameters of the parent spiral structure 32 and the child spiral structure 42, smaller third pitch P3 and fourth pitch P4, and a larger number of turns. This results in a larger number of capture portions 44. One capture portion 44 is formed per pitch (one turn) of the spiral of the second wire rod 41 that constitutes the child spiral structure 42. Furthermore, one capture portion 44 is made up of two curved wire rod portions by the second wire rod 41, forming a loop space 44a.

[0076] 7 and 8, as in the second embodiment, when the total number of capturing portions 44 is increased, the number of capturing portions 44 around the first axis 33 of the parent spiral structure 32 also increases in a front view (and rear view) of the nested spiral 30. This increases the area (projected area) occupied by the capturing portions 44 and the number of second wires 41 constituting the loops of the capturing portions 44. Therefore, the capturing portions 44 are densely packed in the XZ cross section of the nested spiral 30, enabling the capturing of small-diameter sediment and gravel from the initial stage of installation. Furthermore, even if an external force is applied to the second nested spiral 30 in the installed state, such as when a rock or driftwood flows through the second nested spiral 30 and strikes the upper portion of the second nested spiral 30, the external force is received by the multiple capturing portions 44, making the second nested spiral 30 less likely to deform.

[0077] In each of the above-described embodiments, the inner diameter portion 23, 43 of the child helical structure 22, 42 is inserted into the first wire rod 11, 31 of the parent helical structure 12, 32, thereby providing one loop-shaped capture portion 24, 44 per turn of the second wire rod 21, 41 of the child helical structure 22, 42. In the present invention, the configuration of the loop space of the capture portion is not limited to the outer shape of the child helical structure 22, 42. For example, a capture portion formed in a U-shaped, V-shaped, or other loop using the second wire rod 21, 41 may be attached to the first wire rod 11, 31 of the parent helical structure 12, 32 radially outward from the parent helical structure 12, 32.

[0078] Furthermore, while the second wires 21, 41 are wound at a constant pitch (P2, P4) throughout the entire length of the secondary helical structures 22, 42, a configuration with a mixture of sparse and dense pitch sections is also possible. In this case, the trapping sections formed by the sparse pitch sections are wide, and the trapping sections formed by the dense pitch sections are narrow. Therefore, by widening the trapping sections 24, 44 on the inflow side of the sediment flow direction of the first nested helical body 10 and the second nested helical body 30 and narrowing the trapping sections 24, 44 on the discharge side, large-sized sediment can be captured on the inflow side. In other words, even if large-sized sediment flows into a location where it is intended to capture small-sized sediment, it is possible to capture large-sized sediment.

[0079] Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, both ends of the second wire 21, 41 are in a free, unconstrained state relative to both ends of the parent helical structure 12, 32, but they may also be in a fixed, constrained state relative to both ends of the parent helical structure 12, 32.

[0080] In the above-described embodiments, the diameter D1 (D4) of the parent helical structure 12 (32) and the diameter D2 (D5) of the child helical structure 22 (42) are the same, and the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3) and the second pitch P2 (fourth pitch P4) are equal and all have the same value (D1 = D2 = P1 = P2, D4 = D5 = P3 = P4). However, this is not limited to this and any other suitable values ​​may be used. For example, the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3) may be smaller than the diameter D1 of the parent helical structure 12 (32), the diameter D2 (D5) of the child helical structure 22 (42) may be equal to the second pitch P2 (fourth pitch P4), and the diameter D2 (D5) may be smaller than the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3). In addition, the value of the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3) may be smaller than the value of the diameter D1 of the parent spiral structure 12 (32), the value of the second pitch P2 (fourth pitch P4) may be smaller than the value of the diameter D2 (D5) of the child spiral structure 22 (42), and the value of the diameter D2 (D5) may be smaller than the value of the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3).

[0081] When the peripheral length of the parent helical structure 12 (32) is increased, the free length of the child helical structure 22 (42) becomes long and difficult to handle. In such a case, the child helical structure 22 (42) can be formed from multiple strands, with the free length of each strand being, for example, about 1.5 m, to facilitate assembly to the parent helical structure 12 (32).

[0082] If the diameter D2 (D5) of the child helical structure 22 (42) is made larger than the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3) of the parent helical structure 12 (32), the child helical structures 22 (42) adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the first axis 13 (33) will interfere with each other. As described above, to avoid this interference, the diameter (outer diameter) D2 (D5) of the child helical structure 22 (42) is equal to or smaller than the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3) of the parent helical structure 12 (32), for example, a value 1 cm to 3 cm smaller than the first pitch P1 (third pitch P3), and preferably a value 2 cm to 3 cm smaller.

[0083] Furthermore, although the length of the parent spiral structure 12, 32 is set to 1000 mm (1 m), the present invention is not limited to this, and the length can be set as appropriate taking into consideration, for example, the effect of capturing soil and gravel, transportability, weight, etc.

[0084] Third embodiment 9 and 10 show a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the third embodiment is configured such that a plurality of second nesting spirals 30 (four in this embodiment) shown in Figures 7 and 8 are arranged side by side along the width direction of the installation location. Note that the arrangement of four second nesting spirals is one example, and five or more second nesting spirals, or two or three second nesting spirals may also be arranged in parallel. The four second nesting spirals 30 (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D) are arranged side by side in the width direction with sufficient spacing between them so that the capture portions 44 of each second nesting spiral 30 touch each other.

[0086] Between each of the second nested spirals 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D arranged side by side, a lower gap 45 is formed between the ground surface GL and the second nested spirals 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D, forming a substantially triangular shape in a front view. This lower gap 45 is an area surrounded by the capturing portions 44 adjacent to the ground surface GL on both sides in the width direction, and constitutes a capturing portion that performs the same function as the capturing portion 44. Therefore, soil and gravel can also be captured in the lower gap 45.

[0087] Additionally, between each of the second nested spirals 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D arranged side by side, there is formed an upper gap 46 that forms a roughly inverted triangle in front view between the upper space and the second nested spirals 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D. This upper gap 46 is an area surrounded by adjacent capture portions 44 on both sides in the width direction, and constitutes a capture portion that performs the same function as the capture portion 44. Therefore, the upper gap 46 can also capture soil and gravel.

[0088] Each of the second nested spiral bodies 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D arranged side by side may be individually fixed to the ground GL by an anchor device (not shown), or adjacent second nested spiral bodies 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D may be connected to each other by a connecting means (not shown) to form a unit, which may then be fixed to the ground GL by an anchor device (not shown).

[0089] In each of the above-described embodiments, the longitudinal direction of the first nested spiral body 10 and the second nested spiral body 30 may be set in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the sediment and gravel.

[0090] Fourth embodiment 11 and 12 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] In the fourth embodiment, the outer periphery of the first nested spiral 10 of the first embodiment is wrapped around and covered with an outer net 50 made of a mesh member such as a diamond-shaped wire mesh. Hereinafter, the configuration in which the outer net 50 is wrapped around and covered by the first nested spiral 10 is referred to as a net-equipped environmental conservation material (netted spiral with net) 10A. The inner surface of the outer net 50 abuts against the tip of the capture portion 24 of the secondary spiral structure 22, and the outer net 50 is biased radially outward. Therefore, the outer net 50 covers the outer periphery of the first nested spiral 10 in a tensile state.

[0092] Unlike the first embodiment, the net-equipped nested spiral 10A is installed on the ground with the longitudinal direction of the first nested spiral 10 oriented perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow. If leaves and branches are included in the sediment flowing with rainwater, the first nested spiral 10 captures the sediment and the leaves and branches get caught on the peripheral net 50, causing sediment to begin accumulating on the front side (upstream side) of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A. The leaves and branches caught on the peripheral net 50 function as a filter that allows water to pass through but not sediment, thereby hastening the period of sediment accumulation on the front side of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A.

[0093] Furthermore, since the outer peripheral net 50 of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A is cylindrical, it is not necessary to use a specific outer surface as the installation surface, and any outer surface can be used as the installation surface.

[0094] Although the nested spiral 10A with net is shown with the outer net 50 wound around the outer periphery of the first nested spiral 10, the outer net 50 may also be wound around the outer periphery of the second nested spiral 30. Furthermore, the outer net 50 may be made of not only diamond-shaped wire mesh as a mesh member, but also tortoiseshell wire mesh or a lattice-like mesh.

[0095] When making the nested spiral 10A with a net, the diamond-shaped wire mesh that forms the outer net 50 is unfolded and spread out, the first nested spiral 10 is placed on top of it, and the diamond-shaped wire mesh and the first nested spiral 10 are rolled together to wrap around the diamond-shaped wire mesh. The end of the diamond-shaped wire mesh is connected to the beginning of the diamond-shaped wire mesh with a connecting member such as a wire.

[0096] Furthermore, the first nested spiral 10 has many protruding capturing portions 24 on its outer periphery, making it difficult to hold by hand when transporting it, but the provision of the outer net 50 makes it easy to hold by hand and to transport.

[0097] Fifth embodiment FIG. 13 shows a fifth embodiment.

[0098] Figure 13 shows the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 in an unfolded state. In Figure 13(a), if three mutually perpendicular axes are defined as X, Y, and Z axes, the X-axis direction is the column direction, the Y-axis is the row direction, and the Z-axis direction (thickness direction of the paper in the figure) is the thickness direction.

[0099] 13(a), the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 is composed of a large number of row wires 62, each of which has a plurality of folded sections 61 formed by bending an iron wire into a wave shape at a predetermined pitch in the row direction, and the folded sections 61 of the row wires 62 are formed in a concave shape with a predetermined gap in the thickness direction when viewed from the row direction. In other words, the row wires 62 can be said to have a shape obtained by flattening a coil structure formed by winding a wire into a cylindrical shape at a predetermined pitch, and the inner diameter of the concave shape of the folded sections 61 (hereinafter referred to as the folding recess) is sized to fit the row wires 62.

[0100] The diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 has a configuration in which a large number of column wires 62 extending in the column direction are arranged side by side in the row direction, and the bent portions 61 of adjacent column wires 62 intersect with each other. Specifically, the bent recesses of the bent portions 61 engage with each other to form the intersecting portions.

[0101] When the column line 62 is rotated around the axis in the column direction, it moves in the column direction while rotating around the fulcrum of the bent recess of the bent portion 61. Furthermore, the intersections of adjacent column lines 62, which are formed by the bent recess of the bent portion 61, function as a kind of hinge, and the column lines 62 can rotate in the row direction around the intersections as fulcrums.

[0102] Furthermore, because the folding recesses are open, when adjacent row wires 62 are pulled apart in the row direction, they can move up to a position where the folding recesses of the bent portions 61 intersect (engage), but further movement is restricted. In contrast, when adjacent row wires 62 are moved toward each other in the row direction, they can move until they overlap. For this reason, when storing or transporting the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60, the multiple row wires 62 are folded, in which adjacent row wires 62 overlap each other. In the folded state, by pulling out the row end row wires 62, the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be unfolded.

[0103] The diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be folded as described above when both ends of the row wires 62 are normally finished. The diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 shown in Figure 13 has a normally finished configuration in which the ends 62a of the row wires 62 maintain a continuous wave shape. Therefore, simply crossing the ends 62a of adjacent row wires 62 at the bent portions 61 does not hinder the adjacent row wires 62 from moving toward each other, allowing for the folding operation described above.

[0104] However, when the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 is in a folded state with many row wires 62 folded, irregular engagement often occurs, where the ends 62a of adjacent row wires 62 disengage and engage with the ends 62a of other overlapping row wires 62. In this case, when an attempt is made to unfold the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60, the areas with irregular engagement hinder unfolding, necessitating the operation of releasing the irregular engagement, which lengthens the time required for unfolding.

[0105] Furthermore, when attempting to unfold a large number of row wires 62 from a folded state, the folding recesses of adjacent row wires 62 are in a free, non-engaged state at all of the folding portions 61, so that a row wire 62 may deviate from the folding portion 61 in the correct engagement position relative to the adjacent row wire 62, resulting in one or more misengagements in which the row wire 62 mistakenly engages with another folding portion 61 that is misaligned from the correct folding position. To correct this misengagement, it was necessary to perform a correction operation in which, with the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 unfolded, the row wire 62 in which the misengagement occurred was rotated about the axis in the row direction to engage with the folding portion 61 in the correct engagement position.

[0106] When installing diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 as a fence or the like, if the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be carried in a folded state close to the installation site and unfolded on the spot, then after the above-mentioned work of releasing the irregular engagement and correcting the incorrect engagement, the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be installed on the spot immediately.

[0107] In contrast, the construction site for the net-equipped nested spiral 10A of the fourth embodiment is a collapsed mountain area with many inclined slopes, and transportation of materials to the construction site often relies on the use of a monorail and transportation by workers. In such a situation, a large number of folded diamond-shaped wire meshes 60 are transported by truck to the foot of the mountain where the construction site will be located, or to a flat area beside a road where trucks can pass, as close as possible to the construction site, and the folded diamond-shaped wire meshes 60 are then transported to the work site, where they are unfolded and wrapped around the first nested spiral 10.

[0108] However, it is extremely difficult and time-consuming to deploy the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 at a construction site where flat space is scarce, and then to perform the above-mentioned work of releasing the irregular engagement and correcting the incorrect engagement.

[0109] For this reason, it is desirable that after unfolding the folded diamond-shaped wire mesh and performing the work of releasing irregular engagements and correcting incorrect engagements, each row line can maintain its normal engagement and the mesh can be carried in its unfolded state.

[0110] For this reason, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the fixing members 70 can simultaneously prevent adjacent column lines 62 from rotating about the axis 63 in the column direction and from moving in the row direction.

[0111] The fixing member 70 is composed of a spiral structure in which a wire material such as iron is wound multiple times into a cylindrical shape with a predetermined gap between them, and is attached from the diagonal line portion 62A extending from the bent portion 61 of one row line 62 to the diagonal line portion 62B extending from the bent portion 61 of the other row line 62 so as to cover the intersection portion 61A where the bent portions 61 of adjacent row lines 62 intersect.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 13(b), the inner diameter Dc of the inner diameter portion 71 of the fixing member 70 is larger than the thickness T and width W of the bent portion 61, but smaller than the height H (see FIG. 13(a)) between the vertices of the bent portion 61 of the column line 62. Because the height H is much larger than the thickness T and width W, it is actually made slightly larger than the greater length of either the thickness T or the width W. Therefore, even if an attempt is made to rotate the column line 62 about the axis in the column line direction, the bent portion 61 hits the inner diameter portion 71 of the fixing member 70, preventing the rotation. Furthermore, even if an attempt is made to move adjacent column lines 62 toward each other along the row direction, the bent portion 61 hits the inner diameter portion 71 of the fixing member 70, preventing the movement.

[0113] When the fixing member 70 is twisted between the first and second turns of the spiral structure into the diagonal portion 62A of one row line 62, the diagonal portion 62A of one row line 62, both bent portions 61, and the diagonal portion 62B of the other row line 62 enter the inner diameter portion 71 of the fixing member 70.

[0114] The fixing member 70 is attached at one location in the row direction of the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 at the intersecting folded portions 61 of adjacent column lines 62. The fixing member 70 is attached at approximately the center position in the row direction, but is not limited to this position.

[0115] The unfolding process of the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 will be explained using the nested spiral 10A with net shown in the fourth embodiment as an example. The first nested spiral 10 is loaded onto a truck or the like in a packaged form with the parent spiral structure 12 and the child spiral structure 22 separated. The diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 is loaded onto the truck or the like in a folded state and transported to an unloading space near the construction site. At the unloading space, the folded diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 is unfolded one by one by a worker, releasing any irregular engagements. Any incorrect engagements are corrected and the unfolding process is completed. The unfolded diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 is then attached to the folded portions 61 of the unfolded diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 using pre-prepared fixing members 70. The fixing members 70 are attached at a single point to adjacent row wires 62, restricting rotation around the axis in the column direction and movement in the row direction of each row wire 62. The diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 in a row-wire-restrained state, in which the row wires 62 are restrained in an unfolded state by the fixing members 70 to restrict rotation and movement, is transported in a flat, unfolded state, one or more sheets stacked on top of each other, by monorail or by hand by a worker, to the installation site for the net-equipped nested spiral 10A. Similarly, the parent spiral structure 12 and child spiral structure 22 of the first nested spiral 10 are also transported unassembled to the installation site for the net-equipped nested spiral 10A. Of course, the child spiral structure 22 may be attached to the parent spiral structure 12 in the unloading space, and the assembled first nested spiral 10 may be transported to the installation site for the net-equipped nested spiral 10A.

[0116] At the installation site of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A, the first nested spiral 10 is assembled by attaching the child spiral structure 22 to the parent spiral structure 12, and the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60, which is unfolded and in a linearly constrained state, is then wrapped around the outer periphery of the first nested spiral 10 to complete the assembly of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A. This eliminates the need to release irregular engagements or correct incorrect engagements of the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 at the installation site of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A, allowing for rapid assembly and installation of the net-equipped nested spiral 10A at the installation site. Furthermore, because the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be transported in a folded state to the unloading space, the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60 can be transported with high transport efficiency.

[0117] Sixth embodiment 14 and 15 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0118] The sixth embodiment shows a configuration in which, for example, multiple first nesting spirals 10 are contained as filler material in a cylindrical crucible 80 formed by attaching diamond-shaped wire mesh 82 to multiple spaced annular rings 81. Generally, crucibles are filled with packing stones, making each crucible very heavy. Therefore, a large-scale construction project requires lifting the crucible to the installation site using heavy machinery. In contrast, for example, at an environmental conservation construction site where heavy machinery cannot enter, the crucible 80 and multiple first nesting spirals 10 can be transported separately, and after the crucible 80 is installed in the designated location, multiple first nesting spirals 10 can be contained within the crucible 80. A portion of the row line on the periphery of the crucible 80 is removed to form an opening, through which the first nesting spirals 10 are placed inside. The opening is then sewn closed with the row line. The numerous first nested spiral bodies 10 housed in the crucible 80 individually capture sediment, sand, and gravel while draining water. If the crucible 80 is installed in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the sediment, sediment will accumulate on the upstream side of the crucible 80, and fallen leaves and branches will get caught in the diamond-shaped wire mesh of the crucible 80, increasing the rate of sediment accumulation.

[0119] Seventh embodiment FIG. 16 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0120] The seventh embodiment shows a configuration in which, for example, multiple first nesting spirals 10 are stored as filler material inside a rectangular crucible 90, also known as a futon basket. The rectangular crucible 90 is foldable and made up of seven panels: a bottom panel 90A, a left side panel 90B, a right side panel 90C, a front panel 90D, a rear panel 90E, a front cover panel 90F, and a rear cover panel 90G. Each panel (90A-90G) is constructed by attaching a diamond-shaped wire mesh 91 to a rectangular frame FR. The long-side frames of the left and right side panels 90B, 90C and the short-side frame of the bottom panel 90A are connected by a coupling coil (not shown) (same configuration as the fixing member 70 shown in Figure 13), allowing the left and right side panels 90B, 90C to rotate around the short-side frame of the bottom panel 90A. The longitudinal frames of the front panel 90D and the rear panel 90E are connected to each other by the coupling coil, allowing them to rotate around the longitudinal frame of the bottom panel 90A. The longitudinal frames of the front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G are connected to the longitudinal frames of the front panel 90D and the rear panel 90E by the coupling coil, allowing the front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G to rotate around the longitudinal frames of the front panel 90D and the rear panel 90E.

[0121] The rectangular crane 90 constructed in this manner can be folded flat. A rectangular panel box is assembled by erecting the left and right side panels 90B, 90C and the front and rear panels 90D, 90E relative to the bottom panel 90A and connecting the frames at the four butt joints of the left and right side panels 90B, 90C and the front and rear panels 90D, 90E with the connecting coils. Then, a number of first nesting spirals 10 are placed inside the rectangular panel box with the front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G open, and the opening of the rectangular panel box is closed by rotating the front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G. The closed front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G have their opposing long-side frames connected by the connecting coils, and their short-side frames are connected to the long-side frames of the erect left and right side panels 90B, 90C with the connecting coils. This prevents the front cover panel 90F and the rear cover panel 90G from opening.

[0122] Since the assembly of a large number of first nesting spirals 10 and the assembly of the rectangular crane 90 can be carried out at the installation site of the rectangular crane 90, it becomes easy to bring materials to the installation site by monorail or workers. Also, since the first nesting spirals 10 can be stored manually in a state where a rectangular panel box with an open opening is placed at a predetermined installation location, installation work can be carried out in places where heavy machinery cannot enter.

[0123] Furthermore, a plurality of first nested spiral bodies 10 can be arranged three-dimensionally, making it possible to capture a large volume of earth, sand and gravel. This also applies to the sixth embodiment.

[0124] In the sixth and seventh embodiments, the first nested spiral 10 is used as an example for explanation, but this is not limited to this, and the second nested spiral 30 and the nested spiral 10A with a net may also be used.

[0125] Eighth embodiment FIG. 17 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0126] The child helical structure 22 of the first nested helical body 10 and the child helical structure 42 of the second nested helical body 30 are formed from a single wire. In contrast, in the eighth embodiment, wires of different hardness are arranged in series, and the elastic forces of the capture portions 24, 44 that protrude radially outward relative to the parent helical structures 12, 32 are made different.

[0127] 17(a) shows a child helical structure 100 in which a first child helical structure portion 100A, which is made of a hard steel wire wound in a spiral shape in multiple turns, and a second child helical structure portion 100B, which is made of a soft steel wire wound in a spiral shape in multiple turns, are arranged in series and connected by a connecting member 101. The two child helical structure portions 100A and 100B have the same diameter. Compared to the first child helical structure portion 100A, the second child helical structure portion 100B is easily elastically deformed in bending when subjected to an external force. Therefore, even if large or high-speed earth and sand collides with the first child helical structure portion 100A, the capturing portion 24 (44) of the second child helical structure portion 100B deflects the debris, preventing problems such as bending of the capturing portion 24 (44), and the earth and sand are captured by the first child helical structure portion 100A.

[0128] Furthermore, even if the installation surface of the first nested spiral 10 and the second nested spiral 30 is not flat but has unevenness, the capturing portion 24 (44) of the second child spiral structure portion 100B can absorb this, allowing the first nested spiral 10 and the second nested spiral 30 to be stably installed at the installation site. Similarly, in the net-equipped nested spiral 10A, the capturing portion 24 (44) of the second child spiral structure portion 100B allows for displacement of the diamond-shaped wire mesh 60, allowing the net-equipped nested spiral 10A to be stably installed on an uneven ground surface. The connecting member 101 can be, for example, a curved tube, but it may also be configured so that the ends of the first child spiral structure portion 100A and the second child spiral structure portion 100B overlap each other and the overlapping portion is fastened.

[0129] 17(b) shows a configuration in which the child helical structure 110 is divided into three, and the three eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth child helical structure portions 110A-110C, which have the same diameter, are made of hard steel wire, soft steel wire, and medium-hardness steel wire, and are connected by a connecting member 101. Note that the hardnesses of the three eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth child helical structure portions 110A, 110B, and 110C are hard steel wire, soft steel wire, and medium-hardness steel wire, respectively, but this is not limited to this. For example, the central twelfth child helical structure portion 110B may be made of hard steel wire, and the eleventh and thirteenth child helical structure portions 110A and 110C on either side may be made of soft steel wire, or vice versa; any combination of at least two or more steel wires of different hardness may be used.

[0130] In this case, the first nesting spiral 10, the second nesting spiral 30, and the nesting spiral 10A with the net can close gaps due to unevenness of the installation location, and stable grounding can be achieved.

[0131] Ninth embodiment FIG. 18 shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into two, and (b) is a front view of a child helical structure divided into three.

[0132] The two-part child helical structure 100 shown in FIG. 18(a) has a first child helical structure portion 100A with a different diameter D10 and a second child helical structure portion 100B with a different diameter D11, and is formed from wire rods with different hardnesses.

[0133] The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth child helical structure portions 110A, 110B, and 110C that make up the three-part child helical structure 110 shown in Figure 18(b) have different diameters D10, D11, and D12, and are made of at least two types of material with different hardnesses.

[0134] 18(a), the two-part child helical structure 100 has a tenth pitch P10 of a first child helical structure portion 100A and an eleventh pitch P11 of a second child helical structure portion 100B. For example, the diameter D10 of the first child helical structure portion 100A is twice the first pitch P10 of the first child helical structure portion 100A (D10 = 2 × P10), and the tenth pitch P10, the eleventh pitch P11, and the diameter D11 of the second child helical structure portion 100B are all the same value (P10 = P11 = D12). The butting ends of the first child helical structure portion 100A and the second child helical structure portion 100B may be connected by a different-diameter connecting member (not shown). The first child helical structure portion 100A is made of hard steel wire (GF-4), and the second child helical structure portion 100B is made of soft steel wire (GF-1).

[0135] In the three-part child helical structure 110 shown in Fig. 18(b), the eleventh child helical structure portion 110A and the twelfth child helical structure portion 110B have the same configurations as the first child helical structure portion 100A and the second child helical structure portion 100B in Fig. 18(a), and the diameter D12 of the thirteenth child helical structure portion 110C is smaller than the diameter D10 but larger than the diameter D11 (D10 > D12 > D11). The diameter D12 is also set to the same value as the thirteenth pitch P12 of the thirteenth child helical structure 110C. The hardness of the wire material of the thirteenth child helical structure portion 110C is softer than that of the eleventh child helical structure portion 110A but harder than that of the twelfth child helical structure portion 110B.

[0136] According to this embodiment, if the installation location of the first nested spiral 10, the second nested spiral 30, and the nested spiral with net 10A is uneven, by arranging the second nested spiral portion 100B and the twelfth nested spiral portion 110B, 110C, which have smaller diameters, on the convex portions, the first nested spiral 10, the second nested spiral 30, and the nested spiral with net 10A can be grounded to the installation surface without any gaps. [Explanation of symbols]

[0137] 10: Environmental conservation materials (first nested spiral) 30 (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D): Environmental conservation material (second nested spiral) 11, 31: 1st wire rod 11a: One end 11b: Other end 12, 32: First helical structure (parent helical structure) 13, 33: 1st axis 14, 34: Inner diameter 21, 41: Second wire rod 21a: One end 21b: Other end 22, 42: Second helical structure (child helical structure) 22a: 2nd axis 23, 43: Inner diameter part 24, 44: Capture section 24a, 44a: Loop space 45: Lower gap 46: Upper gap GL: Ground P1: 1st pitch P2: 2nd pitch P3: 3rd pitch P4: 4th pitch d1, d2, d3, d4: Wire diameter D1, D2, D3, D4, D5: diameter L1: 1st axis length L2: 2nd axis length L3: 3rd axis length L4: 4th axis length 10A: Nested spiral with net 50: Outer net 60: Diamond-shaped wire mesh 61: Bending portion 62: Row line 62a: End 10A: nested spiral with net 63: axis 70: fixing member 62A: hatched portion 62B: Shaded area Dc: Inner diameter T: Thickness W: Width H: Height 71: Inner diameter 80: Basket 81: Annular ring 82: Diamond-shaped wire mesh 90: Square cage FR: Square frame 91: Diamond wire mesh 90A: Bottom panel 90B: Left side panel 90C: Right side panel 90D: Front panel 90E: Rear panel 90F: Front cover panel 90G: Rear cover panel 100, 110: Child helix structure 100A: First child spiral structure part 100B: Second child spiral structure part 101: Connection member 110A~110C: 11th~13th child spiral structure part D10, D11, D12: Diameter P10: 10th pitch, P11: 11th pitch, P12: 12th pitch

Claims

1. An environmental conservation material for capturing flowing earth and sand gravel, a first spiral structure formed in a spiral shape by winding with a first wire at intervals, a plurality of capture portions arranged at intervals between one end side and the other end side of the first wire and formed in a loop shape extending radially outward from the first spiral structure by a second wire, and an environmental conservation material having the same.

2. An environmental conservation material for capturing flowing earth and sand gravel, a first spiral structure formed in a spiral shape by winding with a first wire at intervals, a second spiral structure formed in a spiral shape by winding with a second wire at intervals and having an inner diameter portion formed by winding the second wire inserted through the first wire, and having, the second spiral structure is provided at intervals between one end side and the other end side of the first wire by the second wire being intertwined with the first wire, and has a plurality of capture portions formed in a loop shape extending radially outward from the first spiral structure by the second wire. An environmental conservation material.

3. In the environmental conservation material according to claim 2, the second spiral structure is characterized in that it is configured to be divided into a plurality of parts along the longitudinal direction and connected. An environmental conservation material.

4. In the environmental conservation material according to claim 2, both ends of the two wires are in a free state non-restrained with respect to the first wire. An environmental conservation material.

5. In the environmental conservation material according to claim 1 or 2, the material of the second wire is a hard steel wire. An environmental conservation material.

6. In the environmental conservation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, an outer peripheral net made of a net member extending along the longitudinal direction of the first spiral structure and having its radial tip portions and inner peripheral surface in contact with the plurality of capture portions covering in the circumferential direction. An environmental conservation material.

7. In the environmental conservation material according to claim 6, the outer peripheral net is lattice-shaped. An environmental conservation material.

8. A cage characterized in that a plurality of the environmental conservation materials according to claim 1 or 2 are accommodated in the cage as filling materials.

9. A cage characterized in that a plurality of the environmental conservation materials according to claim 6 are accommodated in the cage as filling materials.

10. A construction method of an environmental conservation material, characterized in that the environmental conservation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is installed along the longitudinal direction of the first spiral structure along the flowing direction of earth and sand gravel.

11. A method for installing an environmental conservation material, characterized in that the environmental conservation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is installed with the longitudinal direction of the first spiral structure facing a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the debris flow.

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