Adapter for sensor, and sensor comprising sensor adapter

Abstract

To protect a sensor from high or low temperatures by means of an adapter.SOLUTION: An adapter for cooling, heating or temperature-conditioning a pressure sensor comprises at least one supply line, at least one discharge line, and at least one cavity. The at least one supply line and the at least one discharge line are connected to the at least one cavity such that a fluid temperature conditioning medium can be circulated from the supply line through the cavity to the discharge line. The adapter comprises a recess designed along a longitudinal axis to accommodate the pressure sensor. The recess comprises a first end facing a measuring medium during use. The recess also comprises a second end through which the pressure sensor can be inserted. The cavity is implemented to allow the temperature conditioning medium to flow around the recess. The adapter is implemented in an integrally formed manner.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to an adapter for cooling or heating or temperature regulation of a sensor. [Background technology]

[0002] In various fields of technology, for example in industrial or scientific research, sensors detect physical properties of fluid media, such as pressure, temperature, pH value, viscosity, compressibility or flow rate, many of which are temperature dependent.

[0003] However, one important property, to which the invention is in no way limited, is the pressure of the fluid medium. The fluid medium whose properties are determined is referred to below as the measurement medium.

[0004] The measuring medium is a fluid medium in the gaseous or liquid state of the aggregate or a mixture of the gaseous and liquid states of the aggregate. The measuring medium can be, for example, a gas or a liquid. The fluid medium can also be, for example, a mixture of fuel and gas in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or the resulting exhaust gas after combustion of at least a part of the fuel. The measuring medium can also be the working medium in a compressor, for example in a heat pump or in a cooling compressor. The measuring medium can also be a gas, for example a noble gas, or even hydrogen.

[0005] In many cases, the measurement medium has a high temperature above 200°C or a low temperature below 0°C.

[0006] The measurement medium may also have corrosive properties.

[0007] However, sensors for determining at least one physical property of a measurement medium are sensitive to temperatures that are too high or too low. Thus, temperatures that are too high or too low can misrepresent the measurement result due to the temperature dependence of the measuring element of the sensor. In particular, if the temperature of the measuring medium changes, it may not be possible to determine the physical property with high accuracy. However, excessively high temperatures can also damage the sensor. In some piezoelectric materials, such as those used as measuring elements in pressure sensors, irreversible changes occur at temperatures above 300° C., for example. On the other hand, materials used in sensors can become brittle if the temperature is too low. This can lead to cracking and destruction of the sensor.

[0008] Swiss Patent Publication No. 700534 discloses a sensor surrounded by a housing for cooling the sensor. The housing comprises an adapter for cooling the pressure sensor. The adapter comprises a supply line and a discharge line, each of which is connected to a cavity. A fluid cooling medium circulates from the supply line through the cavity to the discharge line. The adapter comprises a recess along the longitudinal axis for receiving the pressure sensor. The cavity radially surrounds the recess.

[0009] Known adapters have the disadvantage that they contribute significantly to the size of the sensor that is temperature conditioned using the adapter: the combination of the adapter and the sensor, hereafter the temperature conditioned combination, requires a larger measurement hole than a single sensor.

[0010] In many applications, the space around the drilled holes for pressure measurement is limited. The diameter of the holes themselves is often limited as well. Adapters that are conventionally made from turned and rolled parts using machining production methods have a relatively large installation space. This means that relatively large and robust elements have to be provided for the connection between the parts. Even with conventional manufacturing methods, elements for increased stability cannot simply be located somewhere in the adapter. This results in a relatively large adapter.

[0011] Adapters generally exhibit a temperature regulation capacity that depends on the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet and the resulting pressure-dependent flow rate. The more efficient the thermal energy transfer between the temperature regulation medium and the adapter, the higher the temperature regulation performance. The pressure drop is highly dependent on the cavity geometry and the supply and exhaust cross sections. Until now, optimal cooling / heating capacity for the available installation space has been difficult to achieve. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] Swiss Patent Publication No. 700534 [Non-patent literature]

[0013] [Non-Patent Document 1] acatech - National Academy of Science and Engineering, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities (Editors) (2017): “Additive Manufacturing”, Munich, ISBN: 978-3-8047-3677-1) [Non-Patent Document 2] Al-Ketan O, Abu Al-Rub RK.MSLattice:A free software for generating uniform and graded lattices based on triply periodic minimal surfaces. Mat Design Process Comm.2020 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide an adapter to protect a sensor from high or low temperatures and to improve the adapter in such a way that the drawbacks listed above are alleviated. A further object is to manufacture the adapter as economically as possible. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] The object is solved by the features of the independent claims.

[0016] The invention relates to an adapter for cooling or heating or temperature regulation of a pressure sensor. The term cooling is understood to mean the process by which thermal energy, also called thermal energy or heat, is dissipated from the adapter or from the sensor placed in the adapter, respectively. Heat is thereby extracted from the sensor. The term heating refers to the process by which thermal energy is supplied to the adapter or to the sensor placed in the adapter, respectively. The term temperature regulation refers to the process by which the temperature of the adapter or of the sensor placed in the adapter, respectively, is kept constant. Depending on the temperature, heat is extracted from or added to the adapter.

[0017] In the following, the term "temperature regulation" is used for the sake of simplicity, however it also refers to cooling or heating.

[0018] The adapter comprises at least one supply line. The adapter comprises at least one exhaust line. The supply line and the exhaust line are lines for conveying a fluid temperature conditioning medium, or temperature conditioning medium for short. The supply line and the exhaust line are designed to be connected to a device, for example a cooling device, a heating device or a temperature conditioning device. The temperature conditioning medium can be sent from the device through the supply line and can be sent back to the device through the exhaust line. The adapter also comprises at least one cavity. The at least one supply line and the at least one exhaust line are connected to the at least one cavity such that the fluid temperature conditioning medium can circulate from the supply line through the cavity to the exhaust line.

[0019] During use, the adapter is inserted into a bore, the so-called measurement bore, of the device. The measurement medium is placed inside the device.

[0020] The adapter comprises a recess along the longitudinal axis for receiving the sensor. The recess comprises a first end. The first end of the recess faces the measurement medium when the adapter is in use. The recess also comprises a second end. The second end typically faces a space having a standard pressure. The sensor, e.g. a pressure sensor, can typically be inserted into the adapter through the second end. The sensor is arranged in the recess of the adapter such that the adapter and the sensor are connected in a thermally conductive manner. The adapter is thus arranged between the measurement hole and the sensor.

[0021] A fluid temperature adjustment medium is understood to be a liquid or a gas or a mixture of gas and liquid. Fluid temperature adjustment mediums include, for example, oil, liquid sodium, water, liquids with a ratio of glycerol or ethylene glycol or ethanol or propylene glycol or another coolant, nitrogen, air, noble gases and other suitable cooling liquids. The temperature adjustment medium can be brought to a set temperature by the device. Alternatively, the device can also extract or add a certain amount of thermal energy from the temperature adjustment medium.

[0022] For example, an adapter is used as a cooling adapter in the already above mentioned Swiss Patent Publication No. 700534. In the above mentioned disclosure the pressure of the high temperature measuring medium is determined, more precisely the outlet, combustion chamber, combustor and turbine pressure. The adapter is designed to be connected to a cooling device. Water is used as temperature adjustment medium.

[0023] The adapter is known as a heating adapter, for example for measuring the pressure in a refrigerator, more precisely in the compressor of the refrigerator. A temperature conditioning medium circulates in the cavity of the adapter. The temperature conditioning medium is intended to bring the adapter and a sensor placed in the cavity of the adapter to a higher temperature than the cold measuring medium. The sensor is therefore connected to the adapter in a heat conductive manner.

[0024] The cavity of the adapter is designed so that the temperature adjustment medium can flow around the cavity. Flow around the cavity means that the cavity extends in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and surrounds the longitudinal axis by 360°. The cavity extends around the longitudinal axis, for example, as two helical tubes offset from each other, which are connected to each other at the first end of the adapter. The cavity therefore does not necessarily have to completely surround the cavity in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

[0025] According to the invention, the adapter is realized in an integrally formed manner. By integrally formed, it is understood that the adapter is made of one material. The integrally formed adapter is therefore not assembled from several semi-finished products or several workpieces. This has the advantage that when manufacturing the adapter, different workpieces do not have to be adjusted relative to each other. Thus, rejects due to insufficient adjustment are avoided.

[0026] Advantageously, the adapter is designed to be weld-free and solder-free.

[0027] No welding is understood to mean that the adapter does not include a weld seam that seals the adapter. Thus, for example, conduits are often made from a bent rectangular piece of sheet metal, one side of which is folded together with the other side and provided with a weld seam. An integrally formed adapter does not include such a weld seam. This is advantageous because weld seams are susceptible to corrosion and may contribute to material fatigue, for example via hydrogen embrittlement. Weld seams and welds are also disadvantageous because they often experience mechanical stresses due to the welding process of two solid surfaces, especially when the temperature of the surrounding material changes. Mechanical and / or thermal stresses may lead to the formation of cracks and ultimately to the failure of the welded adapter. The same applies, mutatis mutandis, to soldered connections. Weld-free and solder-free adapters are therefore more resistant than adapters with welded connections.

[0028] Advantageously, the adapter is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process. The additive manufacturing process is characterized by the fact that the component to be manufactured is produced layer by layer by adding at least one material. In this context, the component to be manufactured is the adapter. In additive manufacturing processes, also known as 3D printing technology or 3D printing, materials are usually joined together layer by layer to create a workpiece of the component from 3D model data. In some additive manufacturing processes, the component to be produced is directly manufactured in all three spatial directions. In most cases, however, the production is carried out layer by layer, whereby one layer of the component is first produced mainly in two spatial directions. By adding a further layer in a third spatial direction, the part can be produced in a three-dimensional manner.

[0029] Additive manufacturing processes, also known synonymously as generative manufacturing processes, are described in the standard DIN EN ISO 52900:2022-03 and in chapter 3 of the publication acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften,Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina,Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften(Hrsg.)(2016):"Additive Manufacturing",Munich,ISBN:978-3-8047-3676-4 (English version acatech - National Academy of Science and Engineering,German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina,Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities(Editors)(2017):"Additive Manufacturing",Munich,ISBN:978-3-8047-3677-1).

[0030] Well-known additive manufacturing processes include Filament Deposition Modeling (FDM), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) or Fused Layer Manufacturing / Modeling, Binder Printing (3DP), Layered Object Modeling (LOM), also known as Laminated Manufacturing (LLM) or Sheet Layered Modeling, Stereo Lithography (SLA, STL), Poly-Jet-Modeling (PJM), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), also known as Polymer Laser Melting.

[0031] Powder bed based additive manufacturing processes are particularly suitable for metallic materials. In this process, the material is added as a powder layer and then selectively melted under heating. After subsequent solidification, the excess unmelted material is removed. Examples of powder bed based additive manufacturing processes for metallic materials include Laser Beam Melting (SLM, (Selective Laser Melting) or Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) or LaserCUSING or Laser Metal Melting (LMF) or Directional Metal Printing (DMP) or Laser Beam Melting (LBM) or Direct Metal Laser Melting. As an alternative to the input of heat by laser, Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is also known.

[0032] Also known and suitable for metallic materials are additive manufacturing processes such as Additive Deposition Welding (LMD, Laser Metal Deposition) or Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) or Laser Assisted Net Shape (LENS) or Electron Beam Based Additive Manufacturing (EBAM), in which powdered material is selectively guided as a gas stream to specific locations and melted.

[0033] The well-known screen printing process is also an additive manufacturing process that is particularly suitable for graphite: thus, green parts made of graphite or ceramic materials can first be additively manufactured and then sintered.

[0034] However, due to the rapid development times in the field of additive manufacturing processes, other additive manufacturing processes can also be envisaged.

[0035] Adapters produced by additive manufacturing processes have a particular advantage over adapters conventionally produced by machining processes, since the cavity can be shaped free from any manufacturing limitations. The cavity can therefore assume complex geometric shapes. Elements for increasing stability, such as rods or bridges between the walls of the cavity, can be easily placed in suitable positions. This allows the walls of the adapter to be realized in a thinner size. The cavity can thus be enlarged. Alternatively, an adapter with the same cavity volume can be realized in a smaller size than a conventionally produced adapter. The cooling / heating capacity of the adapter scales exponentially with the thickness of the wall between the cavity and the recess for the sensor.

[0036] Instead of the elliptical or circular shape of the cavities of conventional adapters as disclosed in Swiss Patent Publication No. 700534, the cavities can have complex shapes and be designed for optimized cooling / heating. Thus, in integrally formed conventional components, only cavities with straight cooling channels, i.e. straight holes, can be realized. Adapters produced using additive manufacturing processes can have, for example, one or more spiral or curved cooling channels as cavities. The channels can also simply be divided into several partial channels or several partial channels can be combined into one channel. Of course, the cavities can also have an elliptical or circular shape.

[0037] In the case of pressure sensors, the sensor can be positioned further forward due to the smaller installation space of the adapter. This leads to better cooling performance of the adapter designed with the aid of additive manufacturing processes. In addition, the feed channel for feeding the measurement medium to the pressure sensor, the so-called pressure connection, can be designed with a shorter length, which has a positive effect on the cut-off frequency of tube vibrations that usually occur in the feed channel. Tube vibrations are explained by the well-known theory of the Helmholtz resonator and interfere with the measurement signal, especially when sudden pressure changes are identified.

[0038] Adapters made from integrally formed parts using additive manufacturing processes are characterized by lower manufacturing costs since various work steps such as adjustments, assembly and welding prior to assembly are eliminated compared to conventional adapters.

[0039] Additionally, conventionally machined adapters generate waste material, which is advantageously avoided with adapters made from metallic materials using additive manufacturing processes. Powdered metallic materials are selectively melted or added. Excess powdered metallic materials can be removed, collected and reused, which translates into lower manufacturing costs.

[0040] Further advantages and aspects of the invention are disclosed in the embodiments.

[0041] In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0042] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an adapter with a sensor disposed therein. [Diagram 2] 2 shows a part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter in which a sensor is arranged in the embodiment according to FIG. 1; FIG. [Diagram 3] 2 shows another part of the schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 1; [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is another schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an adapter having a sensor disposed therein. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a part of a schematic cutaway view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 7 shows another part of the schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 6. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 6, in which the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon are not shown for clarity. [Figure 10] FIG. 7 is another schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 6, in which the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon are not shown for clarity. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an adapter having a sensor disposed therein. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 12 shows another part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 11, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 15] FIG. 12 is another schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 11, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an adapter having a sensor disposed therein. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows a part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 16. [Figure 18] FIG. 17 shows another part of the schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 16. [Figure 19]FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 16, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 20] FIG. 17 is another schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 16, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 21] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an adapter having a sensor disposed therein. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows a part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 21. [Diagram 23] FIG. 22 shows another part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 21. [Figure 24] FIG. 22 shows another part of a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter with a sensor arranged therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 21. [Diagram 25] FIG. 22 is another schematic perspective view of the adapter in the embodiment according to FIG. 21, with the recess, chamfer, conduit portion and outer hexagon not shown for clarity. [Figure 26] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a three-dimensional structure as a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a schematic representation of a three-dimensional structure according to FIG. 26. [Figure 28] FIG. 27 is another cross-sectional view of the schematic representation of the three-dimensional structure according to FIG. 26. [Figure 29] FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a schematic representation of a three-dimensional structure according to FIG. 26. [Diagram 30] FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an adapter, with three-dimensional structures shown within a cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0043] 1 shows an embodiment of a temperature regulated sensor 1. The temperature regulated sensor 1 comprises an adapter 2 for cooling or heating or temperature regulation of a pressure sensor 3, as well as a pressure sensor 3. The adapter 2 comprises a supply line 4. The adapter 2 comprises a drain line 5. The adapter 2 also comprises a cavity 6. The supply line 4 is connected to the cavity 6. The drain line 5 is also connected to the cavity 6. The connections of the supply line 4, the drain line 5 and the cavity 6 are designed such that a fluid temperature regulation medium 8 can circulate from the supply line 4 through the cavity 6 to the drain line 5.

[0044] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, conduit sections 17 are attached to the supply line 4 and the exhaust line 5, by means of which the adapter 2 can be connected to a device (not shown), such as a cooling device, a heating device or a temperature regulating device.

[0045] The adapter 2 is connected to the pressure sensor 3. The connection can be made by a form-fit, a press-fit or a material fit. The pressure sensor 3 and the adapter 2 are preferably connected to each other via connection means 21, 31. For example, the pressure connection 11 comprises an outer thread 21 as the connection means 21, whereas the adapter 2 has a corresponding inner thread 31 as the connection means 31. A sealing element 16 can be arranged between the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3, which prevents the measurement medium 9 at the first end 71 of the adapter 2 from penetrating into the second end 72 of the adapter 2. Alternatively, the connection means 21, 31 can also be designed as a bayonet fastener. In further embodiments, the connection means 21, 31 can also be designed as a welded or soldered connection. A welded connection has the advantage that a sealing element 16 is not required between the pressure sensor 3 and the adapter 2.

[0046] 1 comprises an optional pressure connection 11, which in use faces the measurement medium 9. The pressure connection 11 delivers the measurement medium 9 to the pressure sensor 3.

[0047] The pressure sensor 3 and the adapter 2 are disposed along a longitudinal axis Z. The pressure sensor 3 extends generally along the longitudinal axis Z. A first transverse axis X and a second transverse axis Y extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A, and the first transverse axis X is perpendicular to the second transverse axis Y.

[0048] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view AA of a portion of an embodiment of the cooled sensor 1 comprising the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3 from Figure 1 along the longitudinal axis Z and the second transverse axis Y. In this and all other cross-sectional views, the pressure sensor 3 is shown in highly simplified form with uniform hatching for clarity.

[0049] The adapter 2 comprises a recess 7 formed along a longitudinal axis Z for receiving a pressure sensor 3. The recess 7 comprises a first end 71 which, in use, faces the measurement medium 9. The recess 7 comprises a second end 72. For example, the pressure sensor 3 can be inserted into the second end 72 in order to be positioned in the recess 7.

[0050] The pressure sensor 3 generally comprises a pressure-sensitive surface 32. The pressure-sensitive surface 32 is usually designed as a diaphragm 32.

[0051] The cavity 6 is designed in such a way that the temperature-regulating medium 8 can flow around the recess 7. In the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 3, the cavity 6 is designed as a channel 6 approximately rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis Z with an elliptical cross section near the second end 72 of the adapter 2 and as a channel 6 approximately rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis Z with an elongated cross section near the first end 71 of the adapter 2. As can be seen in the cross-sectional view BB along the longitudinal axis Z and the first transverse axis X of the partial view of the embodiment of the temperature-regulated sensor 1 of Fig. 1 in Fig. 3, both channels are connected to form the cavity 6. A part of the cavity 6 in the form of a channel with an elongated cross section is arranged in the pressure connection 11 of the adapter 2 and surrounds the supply channel 12. This allows for temperature regulation of the measurement medium 9 in the supply channel 12. Another part of the cavity 6 in the form of a channel with an elliptical cross section is located at the position of the pressure sensor 3 relative to the longitudinal axis Z and surrounds the front pressure-sensitive part 32 of the pressure sensor 3 relative to the longitudinal axis Z. It should be noted that it is not at all necessary to divide the cavity 6 into two approximately rotationally symmetrical channels. No division of the channel, a division into two channels or even a division into two or more channels can also be envisaged. The skilled person may also provide one or more channels that are not approximately rotationally symmetrical. These options are also part of the invention.

[0052] It may be possible to envisage several supply lines 4 or discharge lines 5 .

[0053] According to the invention, the adapter 2 of the embodiment of figures 1 to 3 is realised in an integrally formed manner. The conduit portion 17 is therefore not part of the adapter 2 in this embodiment. However, it is easily possible to realise the conduit portion 17 together with the adapter 2 in an integrally formed manner as well.

[0054] Figures 4 and 5 show perspective views of the adapter 2 from Figures 1 to 3. For clarity, the adapter 2 is shown without the conduit portion 17, without the chamfer, without the outer hexagon and without the pressure sensor 3. The inner cavity 6 of the adapter 2 is shown as a dashed line. The openings of the supply line 4 and the drain line 5 are arranged at the second end 72. In this embodiment of the adapter 2, the cavity 6 is mainly realized as two torus-shaped channels extending around the recess 7, which are connected respectively to the supply 4 and the drain 5 on opposite sides relative to the first transverse axis X.

[0055] In the further embodiments described below, elements having the same function as in the embodiments already described in Figures 1 to 5 are each designated by the same reference numerals.

[0056] FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the adapter 2, in which the pressure sensor 3 is arranged in the adapter 2. FIG. 7 shows a part of a schematic cross-section CC along the second transverse axis Y and the longitudinal axis Z of the view in FIG. 6. Apart from the design of the cavity 6, the adapter 2 is entirely identical to the embodiment of the adapter in FIGS. 1 to 3. The cavity 6 takes the form of a tubular channel that extends from the first end 71 of the adapter 2 along two helical lines to the second end 72 of the adapter 2 on the second side 72. The channel starts at the supply line 4 shown in FIG. 8 and extends helically to the second side 72. In front of the second side 72, the channel again helically extends to the first end 71, where it is connected to the discharge line 5. The cavity 6 is formed by a double helical channel. In its projection on the plane XY perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z of the cavity 6, the cavity 6 surrounds the longitudinal axis Z and thus surrounds the recess 7 by 360°. A temperature adjustment medium 8 can flow through the cavity 6 and around the recess 7. Such a cavity 6 is advantageously designed using the 3D printing process already described. Conventional production using machining methods is practically impossible. Figures 9 and 10 show a perspective view of the adapter 2 from Figures 6 to 8. For clarity, the adapter 2 is shown without the conduit section 17, without the chamfer, without the outer hexagon and without the pressure sensor 3. The inner cavity 6 of the adapter 2 is shown as a dashed line. The openings of the supply line 4 and the discharge line 5 are arranged at the second end 72. A possible shape of the cavity 6 can be recognized in this example as two helical or spiral channels.

[0057] FIG. 21 shows a further embodiment of the adapter 2, in which the pressure sensor 3 is arranged in the adapter 2. FIG. 22 shows a part of a schematic cross-section JJ along the second transverse axis Y and the longitudinal axis Z of the view in FIG. 21. The part of the cavity 6 shown on the left in FIG. 22 near the first end 71 has a hollow cylindrical shape. The lower part of the cavity 6 on the right in FIG. 22 has a partially hollow cylindrical shape that does not extend more than 180° around the longitudinal axis Z, which is connected to the discharge line 5. The upper right part of the cavity 6 in FIG. 22 has a partially hollow cylindrical shape that does not extend more than 180° around the longitudinal axis Z, which is connected to the supply line 4. In FIG. 23, the part KK along the first transverse axis X and the longitudinal axis Z shows the connection between the left hollow cylinder of the supply line 4 and the right semi-hollow cylinder. The area between the left hollow cylinder and the two right partially hollow cylinders is also generally hollow cylindrical in shape, with several stability elements 24 connecting the inner wall of the hollow cylinder to the outer edge of the hollow cylinder and dividing the hollow cylinder into individual chambers, as shown in FIG. 24. Half of the chambers are connected to the supply line 4 at the second end 72, while the other half of the chambers are connected to the discharge 5 at the second end 72. The temperature adjustment medium 8 thus flows from the second end 72 to the first end 71 in the chambers connected to the supply line 4, and from the first end 71 to the second end 72 in the chambers connected to the discharge line 5. The cavity 6 surrounds the recess 7 at the projection of the cavity 6 on the plane XY perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z. Such an adapter 2 is as stable as the 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but has a rather large cavity wall 61, in which heat exchange between the temperature adjustment medium 8 and the adapter 2 is possible. Figure 25 shows a perspective view of the adapter 2 of figures 21 to 24. The cavity 6 arranged inside the adapter 2 is shown in dashed lines. The openings of the supply line 4 and the discharge line 5 are arranged at the second end 72.

[0058] FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the adapter 2, in which the pressure sensor 3 is arranged in the adapter 2. The adapter 2 additionally comprises a sleeve 14. Said sleeve 14 is designed as a hollow protrusion at the first end 71 of the adapter 2, as shown in the part of the schematic cross-section EE along the second transverse axis Y and the longitudinal axis Z of the view in FIG. 11. The hollow sleeve 14 extends up to the second end 72 of the adapter 2, where it terminates in an opening 23, more precisely in a contact opening 23. Said sleeve 14 is designed to accommodate a temperature sensor 15, which is not shown for the sake of clarity. The temperature sensor 15 is advantageously arranged close to the first end 71 of the adapter 2. An electrical contact through the contact opening 23 at the second end 72 of the adapter 2 is easily realized.

[0059] Said sleeve 14 is arranged at least partially in the pressure connection. When the adapter 2 is in use, the sleeve 14 at least partially projects into the measurement medium 9 and is sealed gas-tight or pressure-tight with respect to the measurement medium 9. This has the advantage that the region of the sleeve 14 which projects into the measurement medium 9 near the first end 71 of the adapter 2 and is intended to accommodate the temperature sensor 15 is at least partially thermally decoupled from the pressure connection 11. In this way, the temperature of the measurement medium 9 can be determined and the influence of the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium 8 on the temperature sensor 15 can at least be reduced.

[0060] The sleeve 14 may have an effect on the geometry of the cavity 6, as shown in Fig. 12. In this cross section EE, the cavity 6 is slightly narrowed at the location of the sleeve 14. Such a geometric adaptation is advantageously easy to implement using 3D printing. In another cross section FF along the longitudinal axis Z and the first transverse axis X, it is shown that the cavity in this plane is generally similar to the cavity 6 of the embodiment of Fig. 3.

[0061] Figures 14 and 15 show perspective views of the adapter 2 of Figures 11 to 13. For clarity, the adapter 2 is shown without the conduit portion 17, without the chamfer, without the outer hexagon and without the pressure sensor 3. The hollow space 6 arranged inside the adapter 2 is shown as a dashed line. The internal hollow sleeve 14 is shown partially in dashed lines. Contact openings 23 are shown in Figure 15. Openings for the supply line 4 and the discharge line 5 are arranged at the second end 72. In this embodiment of the adapter 2, the cavity 6 is mainly designed as two torus-shaped channels extending around the recess 7, which are connected to the supply line 4 and the discharge line 5, respectively, on opposite sides with respect to the first transverse axis X.

[0062] FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of the adapter 2, in which the pressure sensor 3 is arranged in the adapter 2. The adapter 2 additionally comprises a sleeve 14 in the feed channel 12 of the pressure connection 11 as shown in FIG. 17 in a cross-section GG along the second transverse axis Y and the longitudinal axis Z of the view in FIG. 16. The sleeve 14 is designed as a hollow protrusion at the first end 71 of the adapter 2. The hollow sleeve 14 extends from the first end 71 in the feed channel 12 through the inner wall of the feed channel 12 to the second end 72 of the adapter 2, where it terminates in the contact opening 23. The sleeve 14 is designed to accommodate a temperature sensor 15. The temperature sensor is not shown for the sake of clarity. The temperature sensor 15 is advantageously arranged near the first end 71 of the adapter 2. An electrical contact through the contact opening 23 at the second end 72 of the adapter 2 can be realized in a simple manner.

[0063] Said sleeve 14 is at least partially arranged in the pressure contact 11. When the adapter 2 is in use, the sleeve 14 at least partially projects into the measurement medium 9 and is sealed in an airtight or pressure-tight manner against the measurement medium 9. This has the advantage that the region of the sleeve 14 which projects into the measurement medium 9 near the first end 71 of the adapter 2 and is intended to accommodate the temperature sensor 15 is at least partially thermally decoupled from the pressure connection 11. In this way, the temperature of the measurement medium 9 can be determined and the influence of the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium 8 on the temperature sensor 15 can at least be reduced.

[0064] Advantageously, in all described embodiments of the adapter 2 comprising a sleeve 14, said sleeve 14 is formed integrally with the adapter 2. This is advantageous since the sleeve 14 is essentially sealed relative to the adapter 2. The disadvantages of welded seams already described are thus avoided.

[0065] When manufactured using a complex structure, as shown in the embodiment according to Figures 16 to 18, the sleeve 14 can be guided in the adapter 2 without affecting the geometry of the cavity 6. The cavity 6 of the embodiment shown in Figures 16 to 18 is designed in exactly the same way as the cavity 6 of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3.

[0066] Figures 19 and 20 show perspective views of the adapter 2 from Figures 16 to 18a. For clarity, the adapter 2 is shown without the conduit portion 17, without the chamfer, without the outer hexagon and without the pressure sensor 3. The cavity 6 arranged inside the adapter 2 is shown as a dashed line. The internal hollow sleeve 14 is shown partially in dashed lines. The contact openings 23 are shown in Figure 20. The openings of the supply line 4 and the drain line 5 are arranged at the second end 72. In this embodiment of the adapter 2, the cavity 6 is mainly designed as two torus-shaped channels surrounding the recess 7, which are connected to the supply line 4 and the drain line 5, respectively, on opposite sides with respect to the first transverse axis X.

[0067] All embodiments of the temperature regulated pressure sensor 1 with the adapter 2 can have one or more further advantageous features, this is not only applicable to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0068] Advantageously, the adapter 2 is designed to be weld-free and solder-free. As shown in Figures 1 to 25, the adapter 2 itself does not have any welded or soldered connections. Possible form-fit or press-fit or material-fit connections of the conduit sections 17 to the adapter 2 in the region of the supply line 4 and / or the discharge line 5 are not inconsistent with this property of the adapter 2.

[0069] Advantageously, the adapter 2 is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process. The embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 25 present a complex geometry of the cavity 6. Said cavity 6 is thus formed free from any limitations of the manufacturing method. For example, in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 and 11 to 20, the cavity 6 is designed in the form of two channels, between which the adapter 2 has a solid material. This complex design increases the stability of the adapter 2. Using conventional machining production methods, the adapter 2 shown in Figures 6 to 8 cannot be manufactured in an integrally formed manner. For example, only straight channels, i.e. cavities 6 with straight holes, can be realized in integrally formed conventional components. The adapter 2 in Figures 6 to 8 is produced using an additive manufacturing process and comprises several spiral or curved channels as the cavity 6. And the embodiments of the adapter 2 in Figures 1 to 3 and 11 to 13 have the cavity 6 in the form of several partial channels, which are divided from the inlet 4 or outlet 5 or are combined to form one channel.

[0070] Furthermore, the adapter 2 is advantageously made of a metallic material. Metallic materials are advantageous because they generally have good thermal conductivity. This means that thermal energy can be easily conducted from the pressure sensor 3 in the recess 7 through the material of the adapter 2 to the temperature adjustment medium 8. The recess 7 of the adapter 2 is therefore designed to fit as precisely as possible in order to ensure good heat transfer. Good heat transfer between the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3 also takes place in the area of ​​the connection means 21, 31, where the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3 are essentially in contact with each other. The area between the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3 is sealed from direct contact with the measurement medium 9 by a sealing element 16, in which area a heat conductive paste or the like can optionally be applied.

[0071] However, application areas can also be envisaged in which the adapter 2 is made of ceramic or plastic. Thus, for example, when using a temperature-regulated sensor 1 close to high voltages, both the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3, as well as the diaphragm 32 of the pressure sensor 3, are made of plastic, such as a thermoplastic or thermoset. Suitable additive manufacturing processes are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0072] Advantageously, the adapter 2 has a thermal conductivity of 30 W(m·K) -1 Made of higher material. 30W(m K) -1 A high thermal conductivity of over 1000 .ANG. is advantageous for the adapter 2 to be thermally conductively connected to the pressure sensor 3 and to effectively supply or remove thermal energy. Examples of materials are pure metals such as copper, aluminum, magnesium, or metal alloys such as copper alloys, bronze, or graphite. Graphite, among others, is readily available, cheap and has a high thermal conductivity.

[0073] The adapter 2 has a melting point of over 600°C and a melting point of 5 gcm -1It is particularly advantageously made of a material having a density of less than 5 gcm. A melting point of more than 600°C allows it to be used in connection with hot gases, where the gases may have temperatures of more than 600°C, since the adapter 2 can be effectively cooled. -1 The low density of less than 1000 nm allows for the construction of a lightweight adapter 2 in applications where weight or inertia play a major role, such as in space travel in conjunction with rocket engines. Depending on the desired heat resistance, suitable materials include aluminum, magnesium, titanium or graphite (with the exclusion of oxygen).

[0074] Adapter 2 also supports 5gcm -1 Density less than 30W(m K) -1 This combines an advantageous lightweight construction with effective temperature regulation of the pressure sensor 3.

[0075] The adapter 2 is particularly advantageously made of a metallic material. Metallic materials are advantageous because metallic materials generally have good thermal conductivity. This means that thermal energy can be easily conducted from the pressure sensor 3 in the recess 7 through the material of the adapter 2 to the temperature adjustment medium 8. The additive manufacturing processes listed above are advantageous for an adapter 2 made of a metallic material.

[0076] The adapter 2 can also be made of materials known for pressure sensors 3 or sensor housings, for example pure metals such as titanium, copper, silver, aluminum, or metal alloys such as copper alloys or 17-4PH, or materials known for pressure sensors 3 or sensor housings, such as 304 or 316L. The materials 17-4PH or 316L are also known to those skilled in the art as steel 1.4548 or 1404 according to DIN EN 10027 and are particularly advantageous, since pressure sensors often have housings made of this material. In this case, the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3 exhibit the same thermal expansion when the temperature changes, which prevents stresses between the adapter 2 and the pressure sensor 3. The skilled person will select a suitable material depending on the requirements of corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity and the cost advantage of the adapter 2.

[0077] Thus, for example, gold and copper have an electrical resistance of 200 W·(m·K) -1 (Watts per meter and Kelvin). Gold and titanium have excellent resistance to corrosion. Aluminum, titanium and magnesium, on the other hand, have a thermal conductivity of 5 gcm -1 (grams per cubic centimeter), thus enabling a relatively lightweight adapter 2 to be realized.

[0078] In a particularly advantageous manner, the adapter 2 is made in a seal-free manner, whereby the cavity 6 is not sealed against the measurement medium 9 or the environment by sealing elements, except for the connection between the supply line 4 and the conduit section 17 and the connection between the discharge line 5 and the conduit section 17. This is advantageous, since no further seals are required, thereby avoiding breakage of the seals and any leakage.

[0079] In a particularly advantageous manner, said adapter 2 is manufactured using one of the metal 3D printing processes listed above, so that the complex geometry of the adapter 2 and of the cavity 6 can be easily realized from metallic materials.

[0080] Preferably, the walls 61 of the cavity 6, or simply the cavity walls 61, have a surface roughness R of more than 10 μm. zParticularly preferably, the cavity wall 61 at least partially exhibits R z = 20 μm and R z Surface roughness R according to DIN EN ISO 4288 between 1000 and 1000 μm z This microstructure of the cavity wall 61 is advantageous because the roughness of the cavity wall 61 induces turbulence in the temperature conditioning medium 8 flowing through the cavity 6. The turbulence causes mixing of the temperature conditioning medium 8, which results in more thermal energy being dissipated or provided to the adapter 2. The R of the cavity wall 61 z = 20 μm and R z Surface roughness R according to DIN EN ISO 4288 between 1000 and 1000 μm z Heat transfer with surface roughness R z This represents a more than 20% increase over conventionally manufactured adapters, which have a roughness of <2 μm. Such a surface roughness can be achieved by direct 3D printing or by chemical etching.

[0081] Advantageously, a three-dimensional structure 62, for example a porous sponge-like material, is at least partially arranged in the cavity 6. The tempering medium 8 can flow through the three-dimensional structure 62. The structure 62 causes further turbulence of the temperature adjustment medium 8 and thus mixes it further. This further enhances the transfer of thermal energy between the temperature adjustment medium 8 and the cavity wall 61.

[0082] In a particularly advantageous manner, the three-dimensional structure 62 is realized as a triply periodic minimal surface, TPMS for short, as it is shown in Figures 26 to 29. The TPMS structure 62 is composed of three-dimensional cells that are usually arranged in a spatially periodic manner. The mathematical description and options for generating the digital CAD drawings required for 3D printing are known to the skilled person, for example in the publication Al-Ketan O, Abu Al-Rub RK.MSLattice:A free software for generating uniform and graded lattices based on triply periodic minimal surfaces. Mat Design Process Comm.2020.

[0083] Thereby, the TPMS structure 62 can be made of a plastic material or a metal material or graphite. The TPMS structure 62 is at least partially disposed within the cavity 6. Figure 30 shows an exemplary embodiment of the adapter 2, in which the TPMS structure 62 is disposed within the cavity 6. Of course, the arrangement of the TPMS structure 62 is not limited to the embodiment shown.

[0084] Preferably, the TPMS structure 62 is made of the same material as the adapter 2. Thus, stresses between the cavity wall 61 and the TPMS structure 62 are avoided. The transfer of thermal energy between the temperature adjustment medium 8 and the adapter 2 is further enhanced by the TPMS structure 62 arranged in the cavity 6. The degree of turbulence and the associated pressure loss between the supply line 4 and the discharge line 5 can be precisely adjusted, inter alia, by dimensioning the individual cells and the cavity 6. The cooling, heating or temperature adjustment capacity per installation space of the adapter 2 is thus maximized in a simple and efficient manner.

[0085] Advantageously, the structure 62 is designed in such a way that it is integrally formed with the adapter 2. This is possible, among other things, in conjunction with a metal 3D printing process. Thus, the TPMS structure 62 can be formed directly together with the adapter 2. This allows optimal heat transfer between the TPMS structure 62 and the cavity wall 61.

[0086] In detail, the R of the cavity wall 61 z = 20 μm and R z = 1000 μm is also advantageous for the surface of the TPMS structure 62. This ensures a more turbulent flow of the temperature regulating medium 8.

[0087] Among the known TPMS structures 62 of Gyroid, Diamond, Primitive, I-WP, Neovius, S, F-RD and PMY described in the publications mentioned above, the structure 62 Diamond (Schwartz Diamond) with its sub-variants has proven to be particularly advantageous since it has a high surface area, which allows heat transfer to be fully realized and the temperature adjustment medium 8 to be fully mixed and at the same time still be able to flow through it.

[0088] In a particularly preferred manner, the cavity walls 61 do not present any edges with a radius of less than 0.1 mm. This has the advantage that no strong local turbulences arise. A turbulent flow of the temperature adjustment medium 8 is thus provided uniformly over the entire flow path.

[0089] In some embodiments, the adapter 2 has a pressure connection 11 for supplying the measurement medium 9 to the recess 7 for the pressure sensor 3. For this purpose, the pressure connection 11 comprises at least one supply channel 12. The pressure connection 11 can be connected to the measurement hole. Typically, the pressure connection 11 is connected to the measurement hole by a connection means 22, for example by an external thread. Advantageously, the pressure connection 11 has a diameter of less than 9 mm. Since, among other things, thread diameters of M8 or less according to DIN 13 or thread diameters of 0.635 cm or less according to the Unified Thread standard are widely used as measurement holes, the pressure connection 11 particularly preferably comprises an M8 external thread or an external thread of 0.635 cm. Thread specifications include coarse threads, fine threads and, if necessary, extra fine threads. This has the advantage that the adapter 2 can be used in particularly limited spaces. The recess 7 is therefore designed in such a way that it has, for example, an M5 internal thread according to DIN 13 as the connection means 21. A pressure sensor 3 with an M5 external thread as connection means 31 , for example a Kistler type 4017, can then be inserted into the recess 7 .

[0090] The adapter 2 is preferably used together with the pressure sensor 3 in a temperature regulation combination 1 for its temperature regulation. The temperature regulation combination 1 therefore comprises the adapter 2 for cooling or heating or temperature regulation of the pressure sensor 3, and the pressure sensor 3, which is designed to be approximately rotationally symmetrical along a longitudinal pressure sensor axis W. The pressure sensor 3 comprises a pressure-sensitive surface 32, usually in the form of a diaphragm 32, at a first end 71 along the longitudinal axis W of the pressure sensor. Said pressure sensor 3 can be inserted into a recess 7 of the adapter 2, whereby the longitudinal axis W of the pressure sensor is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis Z. The pressure sensor 3 and the adapter 2 can be connected in a pressure-tight manner.

[0091] Embodiments including combinations of features of the embodiments described herein are also expressly included in this document. [Explanation of symbols]

[0092] X First horizontal axis Y Second horizontal axis Z Longitudinal Axis W longitudinal axis of pressure sensor 1 Temperature-regulated sensor, temperature-regulated combination 2 Adapter 3 Pressure sensor, sensor 4 Supply Line 5. Discharge Line 6 cavities 7. Hollow 8 Temperature regulating medium 9 Measuring medium 11 Pressure Connection 12 Supply Channels 13 Pressure Connection Wall / Channel Wall 14 Sleeve 15 Temperature Sensor 16 Sealing element 17 Conduit section 21 Connection means 22 Connection means 23 Contact opening 31 Connection means 32 Pressure Sensitive Surfaces / Diaphragms 61 Cavity Wall 62 Three-dimensional structure / TPMS 71 First end 72 Second End W longitudinal axis of pressure sensor

Claims

1. An adapter (2) for cooling or heating or temperature conditioning a pressure sensor (3), said adapter (2) comprising at least one supply line (4), said adapter (2) comprising at least one exhaust line (5), said adapter (2) comprising at least one cavity (6), said at least one supply line (4) and said at least one exhaust line (5) being connected to said at least one cavity (6) such that a fluid temperature conditioning medium (8) can be circulated from said supply line (4) through said cavity (6) to said exhaust line (5). , the adapter (2) comprises a recess (7) designed along a longitudinal axis (Z) for receiving the pressure sensor (3), the recess (7) having a first end (71) which in use faces the measurement medium (9), the recess (7) having a second end (72) into which the pressure sensor (3) can be inserted, and the cavity (6) is realized in such a way that the temperature adjustment medium (8) can flow around the recess (7), characterized in that the adapter (2) is realized in an integrally formed manner.

2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) is designed to be weld-free and solder-free.

3. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process.

4. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) is made of a metallic material.

5. 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) is realized without a seal.

6. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) is manufactured using a metal 3D printing process.

7. The walls (61) of said cavity (6), or simply the cavity walls (61), have a surface roughness R of more than 10 μm. ｚ or preferably, the cavity wall (61) at least partially exhibits a thickness of 20 μm and R ｚ Surface roughness R between 1000 μm and 1000 μm ｚ 2. An adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that it at least partially exhibits:

8. 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that a three-dimensional structure (62), for example a porous sponge-like material, is at least partially disposed within the cavity (6) and that the temperature adjustment medium (8) can flow through the structure (62).

9. 9. The adapter (2) according to claim 8, characterized in that said three-dimensional structure (62) is realized as a TPMS (Tri-Periodic Minimal Surface) and that said TPMS (10) is made of a plastic or metal material.

10. 10. Adapter (2) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said structure (62) is realised in a manner that it is integrally formed with said adapter (2).

11. 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity wall (61) does not present any edges with a radius of less than 0.5 mm, and that the cavity (6) is at least partially in the form of a hollow cylinder, several stability elements (24) being arranged inside said hollow cylinder.

12. The adapter (2) is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of 30 W (m·K) or less, such as a pure metal, for example copper, aluminum, magnesium, or a metal alloy, for example a copper alloy, or graphite. －１ or the adapter (2) is made of a material having a melting point of more than 600° C. and a melting point of less than 5 g cm －１ or the adapter (2) is made of a material having a density of less than 5 gcm －１ Density less than 30 W (m K) －１ 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 1.

13. 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) comprises a pressure connection (11) for supplying a measurement medium (9) to the recess (7) for the pressure sensor (3), the pressure connection (11) comprising a supply channel (12), the pressure connection (11) being connectable to a measuring hole, and the pressure connection (11) exhibiting a maximum diameter of 9 mm.

14. 2. The adapter (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (2) comprises a sleeve (14), which is realized in a manner that it is integrally formed with the adapter (2), the sleeve (14) is designed to receive a temperature sensor (15), the sleeve (14) protruding into the measuring medium (9) when the adapter (2) is in use and being sealed in an air-tight manner with respect to the measuring medium (9).

15. An adapter (2) for cooling, heating or temperature adjustment of a pressure sensor (3); A pressure sensor (3), A kit of parts for a temperature regulating combination (1), comprising:

15. A kit of parts for a temperature regulating combination (1), wherein the temperature sensor (3) is realized to be approximately rotationally symmetrical along a longitudinal pressure sensor axis (W), the pressure sensor (3) has a pressure-sensitive surface (32) at a first end (71) along the longitudinal sensor axis (W), the pressure sensor (3) can be inserted into the recess (7) of the adapter (2), the longitudinal axis (W) of the pressure sensor is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis (Z), and the pressure sensor (3) and the adapter (2) can be connected in an airtight manner, characterized in that the adapter (2) is realized according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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