Radiation dose measurement method

Abstract

A method and computing device for performing a radiation dosimetry process is disclosed. An exemplary process may include exposing a first radiation sensitive film to a series of known radiation doses, measuring a first radiation data set with a measurement device, and determining a calibration curve. The calibration curve may be determined by selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set, determining a number of band area ratios, and generating the calibration curve based on plotting the band areas and ratios in comparison to the known doses. The radiation dosimetry process then includes exposing a second radiation sensitive film to an unknown radiation dose, measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film with the measurement device, and determining the exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film by comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates generally to radiation dosimetry methods and associated apparatus for performing the methods, and more particularly to such methods and associated apparatus that compensate for variations in the amount of radiation-sensitive material in a radiation dosimetry film.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 129,816, filed December 23, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety. [Background technology]

[0003] In facilities where radioactive sources are used, such as hospitals where cancer patients receive radiation therapy or blood donation banks where blood products are irradiated, various methods are used to quantitatively determine the radiation dose delivered by the source. Practiced methods include thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), ionization-type radiation detectors, photographic film, and radiochromic materials. TLDs are inconvenient because they require a complex and time-consuming readout process. Ionization-type radiation detectors are cumbersome and difficult to handle and require a complicated setup. Photographic film requires a time-consuming chemical processing procedure before readout. Radiochromic materials are preferred because they require no post-exposure processing and can measure radiation dose with high spatial resolution. However, dose calculations require a complex series of steps and are prone to error, making them inconvenient under current practice.

[0004] The radiation-sensitive material of the dosimeter can be microcrystalline pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) or other diacetylenic compounds and other compounds that exhibit a dose-responsive chemical change dispersed in a polymer matrix. Exposure of monomeric crystals of PCDA or related compounds, such as metal salts of PCDA, to ionizing radiation leads to polymerization, with the degree of polymerization increasing with radiation dose. The amount of polymerization (and therefore radiation dose) can be determined by measuring either the optical density or the spectral absorbance of the exposed dosimeter. However, these parameters have been found to vary with the temperature of the device during measurement, as well as the thickness of the PCDA dispersion and the moisture content of the polymer matrix. For maximum dosimetry accuracy, the effects of temperature, thickness, and moisture must be considered.

[0005] Current film analysis techniques focus on color changes. Film badge dosimeters are typically loaded with one or more film packets. The simplest film badges consist of a small paper envelope containing dental film, half of which is surrounded by thin lead foil. The badge must contain one or more filters, allowing for a comparison of the relative darkening of the developed film behind various filters. This comparison reveals exposure to various types of radiation. The use of such badges inherently requires a processing process to develop the exposed film. Thermoluminescent dosimeters function based on the principle of thermoluminescence; that is, the ability of certain materials to heat up and emit light after exposure to ionizing radiation. This type of dosimeter inherently requires the need to measure either peak intensity or the integrated amount of emitted light. While such dosimeters perform satisfactorily, they require external equipment or processing for functionality and / or readability. That is, simply looking at the exposed material does not reveal the level of radiation absorbed.

[0006] Raman spectroscopy is a non-contact spectroscopic analysis technique that uses a laser beam to non-destructively measure the composition of a chemical mixture in real time without the use of external contrast agents, based on the Raman scattering effect. Raman spectroscopy is a technique that reflects the molecular vibrational spectrum (e.g., inelastic scattering of laser light by the vibration of molecular bonds) that reflects the molecular fingerprint characteristics and can be used to detect substances. Raman spectroscopy detects and identifies substances by detecting the Raman spectrum generated by the Raman scattering effect of the substance to be detected in response to excitation light. Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in fields such as liquid security inspection, jewelry detection, explosives detection, drug detection, and pharmaceutical detection.

[0007] In terms of actual Raman spectroscopy in the field, calibration of the Raman spectroscopic detector is an integral part of the entire Raman spectroscopic analysis process. The device must be calibrated before use. The spectral abscissas used by the spectroscopic detector during measurement can be obtained after the device is calibrated. According to the spectral abscissas, the measured spectral signals are used to synthesize a Raman spectrogram. The Raman spectrogram is then compared with a spectrogram library through a pattern recognition algorithm to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components of the sample being measured. Calibration of the Raman spectroscopic detector is usually performed by detecting a known sample with the Raman spectroscopic detector.

[0008] Although Raman spectroscopy instruments have now become smaller and more portable, there is a need for an efficient calibration process for Raman spectroscopy instruments that interface with portable user devices (e.g., smartphones equipped with Raman spectrometers, handheld Raman spectrometers, etc.). The combination of small size, ease of use, and chemical specificity makes Raman-based radiation-sensitive dosimeters an excellent tool, bringing significant advances to the field of dosimetry and providing considerable benefits to the medical industry. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In an embodiment of the invention, a method for performing a radiation dosimetry process is disclosed, the method including the steps of obtaining a first radiation sensitive film, exposing the first radiation sensitive film to a series of known radiation doses, measuring a first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film using a measurement device, and determining a calibration curve based on the first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film in a user device, the calibration curve including: (a) selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; and (b) determining a calibration curve based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area (c) determining the ratio and comparing it with a known dose. Band Area and generating the calibration curve based on plotting the ratio.

[0010] These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more of the following features.

[0011] In some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes exposing a second radiation-sensitive film to an unknown radiation dose, measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation-sensitive film using a measurement device, and determining an exposure dose level for the second radiation-sensitive film by comparing the second radiation data set to a calibration curve.

[0012] In some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes transferring, by the user device, the calibration curve and a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film to a data management system. In some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes providing the radiation exposure dose level of the second radiation sensitive film for display on the user device.

[0013] In some embodiments of the invention, the selected Raman spectral range contains data that does not vary with radiation exposure and serves as an internal reference, hi some embodiments of the invention, a correction factor is applied to the calibration of the device to compensate for energy dependence.

[0014] In some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes obtaining a third radiation-sensitive film; measuring pre-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film with the measurement device; exposing the third radiation-sensitive film to a known radiation dose; measuring post-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film with the measurement device; and adjusting the calibration curve based on the pre-exposure data points and the post-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film.

[0015] In some embodiments of the invention, the measurement device is a Raman spectroscopy device. In some embodiments of the invention, the Raman spectroscopy device is portable. In some embodiments of the invention, the Raman spectroscopy device is capable of continuous or semi-continuous in-situ monitoring of the radiation-sensitive film.

[0016] In some embodiments of the invention, the measurement device measures a first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film based on at least one of a one-dimensional resonance Raman (1DRR) spectroscopic scan, a two-dimensional resonance Raman (2DRR) spectroscopic scan, and / or a three-dimensional resonance Raman (3DRR) spectroscopic scan.

[0017] In some embodiments of the invention, the first radiation-sensitive film and the second radiation-sensitive film comprise a radiation-sensitive compound that is sensitive to Raman spectroscopy to detect radiation doses. In some embodiments of the invention, the radiation-sensitive compound is a diacetylene compound. In some embodiments of the invention, the diacetylene compound is a metal or metalloid-based diacetylene compound. In some embodiments of the invention, the diacetylene compound is a lithium-based diacetylene compound.

[0018] In some embodiments of the invention, the measurement device is capable of measuring dose-response characteristics below 1000 Gy. In some embodiments of the invention, the measurement device is capable of measuring dose-response characteristics below 400 kGy.

[0019] In some embodiments of the invention, the set of known and unknown radiation doses is based on X-rays. In some embodiments of the invention, the set of known and unknown radiation doses is based on gamma rays. In some embodiments of the invention, the set of known and unknown radiation doses is based on ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beam, or a combination thereof.

[0020] In some embodiments of the invention, the first radiation-sensitive film and / or the second radiation-sensitive film comprise a lot number, a bar code, and optionally an adhesive applied thereto that is suitable for Raman dosimetry.

[0021] In an embodiment of the invention, a system for performing a radiation dosimetry process is disclosed. The system includes a radiation sensitive film box having at least a first radiation sensitive film and a second radiation sensitive film, and a measurement device. The measurement device is capable of performing the following steps: measuring a first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film based on a known radiation dose; measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film based on an unknown radiation dose; and providing the radiation data to a user device having a processor. The user device is configured to: (a) select a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; and (b) calculate a plurality of Raman spectral ranges based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area (c) determining a ratio of said radiation dose to said known radiation dose; Band Areaand (d) generating a calibration curve associated with the first radiation-sensitive film based on plotting the ratio; and (e) determining an exposure dose level for the second radiation-sensitive film by comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve.

[0022] In an embodiment of the invention, a method for performing a radiation dosimetry process is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of receiving, in an apparatus having a processor, a first radiation data set for a first radiation sensitive film from a measurement device, the first radiation sensitive film having been exposed to a series of known radiation doses, selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set, and generating a plurality of Raman spectral ranges based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area determining a ratio and comparing it to a known dose. Band Area and the ratio; acquiring a second radiation data set for a second radiation-sensitive film from the measurement device, the second radiation-sensitive film having been exposed to an unknown radiation dose; and determining an exposure dose level for the second radiation-sensitive film based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve.

[0023] According to some embodiments, an apparatus includes one or more processors, non-transitory memory, and one or more programs, the one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing or causing the execution of any of the methods described herein. According to some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform or cause the execution of any of the methods described herein. According to some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: one or more processors, non-transitory memory, and means for performing or causing the execution of any of the methods described herein.

[0024] The above summary presents a simplified overview of some embodiments of the present invention, intended to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the described embodiments of the invention. The summary is not intended to provide a detailed overview of the invention, nor is it intended to identify key or critical elements, nor is it intended to delineate the scope of embodiments of the invention. The summary's sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the detailed description that follows. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, in which like reference numerals indicate like features, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention and, together with the general description above and the detailed description below, explain embodiments of the invention.

[0026] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an environment for implementing a radiation dosimetry calibration process, according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exemplary radiation dosimeter assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 shows a graph of an exemplary calibration curve based on radiation dose response, according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 10A-10C show exemplary comparison graphs for determining radiation dose based on calibration curves, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention; [Figure 5] 10 is a flowchart of an exemplary process for determining radiation dose based on a calibration curve generated at a user device, according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 10 is a flowchart of an exemplary process for determining radiation dose at a user device based on a calibration curve obtained from a supplier, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a flowchart of an exemplary process for determining a calibration curve based on Raman spectroscopy and for determining a radiation exposure dose level for an unknown dose based on the calibration curve, according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a flowchart of an exemplary process for determining a calibration curve based on Raman spectroscopy and for determining, at a user device, a radiation exposure dose level for an unknown dose based on the calibration curve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary computer architecture for a computer capable of executing the described software components according to embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The technology in this patent application relates to a system and method for performing a radiation dosimetry process, which can be performed by a product that integrates a portable Raman spectrometer and a radiation-sensitive dosimeter, and interfaces the product with a display device to simplify the dosimetry process. Spectral data acquisition, wireless data interfacing, simplified determination of appropriate blood treatment (beyond visual indicators), sharing of sample results directly to hospital / treatment center IT systems, and the potential for expanded applications provide significant advantages over traditional blood treatment.

[0028] Thus, according to the present disclosure, an integrated product of a portable Raman spectrometer and a radiation-sensitive dosimeter is provided. The product can be connected to a display device, which can be a portable display device. The combination of small size, ease of use, and chemical specificity of Raman-based radiation-sensitive dosimeters has made them an excellent tool, bringing significant advances to the field of radiation dosimetry and providing considerable benefits to the medical industry. One object of the present disclosure relates to a mobile application of the integrated product of a portable Raman spectrometer and a radiation-sensitive dosimeter, including: a) acquiring data corresponding to the radiation sensitivity of the dosimeter associated with a sample via user interface (UI) software; b) processing the data via the UI software; c) measuring radiation intensity via the processed data; and / or d) analyzing the data corresponding to the radiation sensitivity.

[0029] More specifically, the technique includes a radiation dosimetry calibration process that includes obtaining a radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a radiochromic film or a radiation-sensitive film), exposing the radiation-sensitive film to a series of known radiation doses, measuring radiation data (e.g., Raman spectroscopic data) for the radiation-sensitive film using a measurement device (e.g., a Raman spectrometer or a portable Raman spectrometer), and determining a calibration curve based on the radiation data for the radiation-sensitive film at a user device (e.g., at a mobile device). Generating the calibration curve can include: (i) selecting a Raman spectral range based on the radiation data; and (ii) generating a plurality of Raman spectral ranges based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area (iii) determining the ratio by comparison with the known dose. Band Area and generating a calibration curve based on plotting the ratio. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a Raman spectral range that is insensitive to radiation exposure can be selected for use as an internal standard for generating the calibration curve.

[0030] The radiation dosimetry process may further include determining a radiation dose level for another radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a second film in the film box / lot from which the calibration curve was generated). The radiation dose level determination step may include determining the radiation dose level for the second radiation-sensitive film by exposing the second radiation-sensitive film to an unknown radiation dose, measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation-sensitive film using a measurement device, and comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve. Thus, the measurement of the second film may proceed in a single-point manner similar to the measurement of the calibration curve. For example, Raman spectroscopy results may be compared to the calibration curve (e.g., via an application running on the user's mobile device) to enable a radiation dose determination.

[0031] In some embodiments, the actinometry calibration process described herein for generating a calibration curve can be utilized to create a generic calibration curve. For example, it is common practice in the actinometry industry to calibrate each lot of film. However, a calibration curve generated using the process described herein can be used as a "generic" calibration curve that can be used for all lots of film of the same type.

[0032] In some embodiments, the dosimetry device may be used in sterilization of surfaces and solutions, medical imaging, quality assurance testing of medical or industrial equipment, ultraviolet light measurement, food processing and storage, transportation of radiation-sensitive materials, plant quarantine applications, insect sterilization processes, industrial curing processes, pathogen reduction processes, blood processing, or other applications where knowledge of radiation exposure dose is important. In other embodiments, the dosimetry device of the present application may be used in various ways with blood bags, their processing methods, and their uses. Blood products are typically irradiated with photons to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD). The desired effect of irradiating blood is to inhibit lymphocyte function, thus preventing GVHD without harming platelets and other blood components.

[0033] Thus, the present dosimetry device allows a user to process a blood product, take spectroscopic data from the indicator window after blood processing, and then a software application processes the spectroscopic data to determine the dose to be applied to the blood product.

[0034] 1 illustrates an exemplary environment 100 for implementing a radiation dosimetry process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The exemplary environment 100 includes one or more user devices 110, one or more measurement devices 120, a calibration data management server 130, and one or more supplier management servers 150, which communicate over a data communications network 102 (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a mobile network, or a combination thereof).

[0035] One or more user devices 110 (e.g., devices used by dosimetry calibrator users) may include desktops, laptops, servers, or mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and / or other types of mobile devices. One or more user devices 110 may include an application, such as application 112, that manages up-down calibration procedures for measurement devices 120 (e.g., Raman spectrometer devices) and / or calibration data management server 130. One or more user devices 110 may include other applications. One or more user devices 110 may initiate user-initiated calibration process requests via application 112. One or more user devices 110 may be utilized by a user (e.g., a clinician) to review calibration results.

[0036] The application 112 may include one or more sets of instructions or modules (e.g., a dosimetry calibration process described herein), such as a spectroscopy instruction set 114, a calibration instruction set 116, and / or a data management instruction set 118. The spectroscopy instruction set 114 may include instructions for integrating with and / or communicating with a measurement device 120. For example, the measurement device 120 may be a portable spectroscopy device, and the spectroscopy instruction set 114 may enable a user to control one or more functions of the measurement device 120 at the user device 110. The user device 110 may communicate with one or more measurement devices 120 via a network 102 (e.g., Wi-Fi, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the user device 110 may communicate with one or more measurement devices 120 via a direct connection, such as a wired or wireless connection, without having access to the network 102.

[0037] The calibration instruction set 116 may include instructions for performing the radiation dosimetry calibration processes described herein. For example, with respect to Raman spectroscopy calibration, the calibration instruction set 116 may be configured to: determine, at the user device 110, for a first radiation sensitive film 125 of the set of films based on radiation data acquired from the measurement device 120, a calibration curve by selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; Band Area Determining the ratio and comparing it to a known dose Band Area and generating a calibration curve 117 based on plotting the ratio. Additionally, the calibration instruction set 116 can be configured to: determine an exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film by comparing a second radiation data set corresponding to the film with an unknown dose to the calibration curve (e.g., the Raman spectroscopy results are compared to the calibration curve to enable a determination of the exposure dose for the second radiation sensitive film 125).

[0038] Alternatively, a calibration curve for a particular set of films may be obtained from a supplier (e.g., from a supplier management server 150 via a calibration data management server 150). Thus, the calibration instruction set 116 may be calibrated to determine an exposure dose level for a second radiation sensitive film by comparing a second radiation data set corresponding to a film with an unknown dose to the calibration curve obtained from the supplier.

[0039] The data management instruction set 118 may include instructions for communicating calibration results to a calibration data management server 130 as part of the dosimetry calibration process described herein. For example, with respect to a Raman spectroscopy calibration process, the data management instruction set 118 may be configured to send the calibration curve 117 and / or receive the calibration curve 145 from a calibration curve database 145 through the calibration management server 130 via the network 102.

[0040] The one or more measurement devices 120 may include a radiation measurement device capable of measuring radiation exposure. In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more measurement devices 120 are Raman spectrometers, such as a portable Raman spectroscopic device. In some embodiments, the measurement device 120 is a Raman spectroscopic device capable of continuous or semi-continuous in-situ monitoring of radiation-sensitive films.

[0041] In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 can measure dose-response characteristics that include a wide range of doses (e.g., less than 1,000 Gray (Gy)). For example, some exemplary dose ranges for one or more measurement devices 120 may include the following ranges: 0.2-10 Gy, 0.4-40 Gy, 1-100 Gy, 10-1,000 Gy, etc. The exemplary dose ranges may be applicable to different radiation delivery applications, such as patient dosimetry for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan verification, patient dosimetry for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), routine machine quality assurance such as radiation field / light field testing, and / or other applications measuring medium to high doses based on the needs of the particular patient dosimetry. In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 are capable of measuring dose-response characteristics including higher doses of radiation (eg, up to 400 kGy).

[0042] In some embodiments, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data for the radiation sensitive film 125 with respect to radiation applied to the radiation sensitive film that originates from x-rays. Alternatively, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data for the radiation sensitive film 125 with respect to radiation applied to the radiation sensitive film that originates from gamma rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, or other sources of ionizing radiation, and combinations thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data about the radiation-sensitive film 125 based on resonance Raman spectroscopy. For example, resonance Raman is the process of detecting ultraviolet or visible absorption of molecules of interest, as Raman lasers are available at many different wavelengths. bandResonance Raman spectroscopy refers to Raman spectra obtained using a laser optical probe operating within a certain wavelength range. Resonance Raman spectroscopy offers improvements in terms of Raman intensity and sensitivity. It depends on the laser that is ultimately used in the method, and the operating wavelength of the laser is determined by the known absorption band In some embodiments, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data for the radiation-sensitive film 125 based on: a one-dimensional resonance Raman (1DRR) spectroscopic scan, a two-dimensional resonance Raman (2DRR) spectroscopic scan, a three-dimensional resonance Raman (3DRR) spectroscopic scan, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, in some embodiments, non-resonance Raman spectroscopy is used by the techniques disclosed herein. For example, non-resonance Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect diacetylenic compounds other than PCDA, or compounds that have dose-sensitive chemical changes but do not have ultraviolet or visible absorption available from the laser being used. band In embodiments involving any other compound not having

[0044] In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation sensitivity for a selection of wavelengths, using a nonlinear calibration such as support vector regression. The wavelength selection protocol can be based on minimizing cross-validation error in the associated data. The protocol outperforms conventional linear wavelength selection techniques such as partial least squares and principal component regression. The method calculates a spectral window or region in the Raman spectrum where the effects of potential interferences with the analyte of interest are minimized. This method allows for the selection of spectral points (pixels) as opposed to selecting individual (often also isolated) spectral points. band The choice of vibrational and rotational spectra is also optimized. - 1This results in a Voigt profile with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 100 kHz. The existence of this inherent spectral spacing leads to the selection of a minimum spectral band size. Application of the preferred method leads to a significant reduction (more than three times as compared to a full spectroscopic analysis) in the number of wavelengths that need to be sampled in developing an accurate calibration system.

[0045] This reduction stems in part from the chemical specificity of Raman spectroscopy, which allows molecular detection with limited wavelength sampling. It has also been found that the prediction accuracy and robustness are improved as a result of the wavelength selection procedure. This is due to the fact that the selected Raman band A larger change in the spectrum indicates a higher signal-to-noise ratio, which improves accuracy. area Use of the poor reactivity band From a practical standpoint, wavelength selection can reduce measurement time and costs, and also contributes to the miniaturization of the instrument.

[0046] In some embodiments, a Raman spectrometer is used to measure the dose ranges selected. Band Area The present application provides a method for accurate radiation dose monitoring using a novel dosimetry device, which is expressed as a predictable or reproducible response characteristic of the ratio. In some embodiments, a Raman spectrometer is used to measure selected dose ranges. Band Area This application provides a method for accurate radiation dose monitoring using a novel dosimetry device that is expressed as a linear ratio response characteristic.

[0047] In some embodiments, radiation-sensitive film 125 includes a radiation-sensitive compound that is sensitive to Raman spectroscopy and capable of detecting radiation doses. For example, each piece of radiation-sensitive film 125 will include the same compound (i.e., the same "lot" of film).

[0048] In some embodiments, the compound in radiation-sensitive film 125 is a compound that exhibits a radiation dose response suitable for characterization by Raman spectroscopy. In some embodiments, the compound in radiation-sensitive film 125 is a diacetylenic compound. In some embodiments, the diacetylenic compound is a metal or metalloid-based diacetylenic compound. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the diacetylenic compound is a lithium-based diacetylenic compound.

[0049] As used herein, radiation sensitive film 125 can refer to a piece or sheet of radiation sensitive film, or radiation sensitive film 125 can refer to a box / lot of radiation sensitive film (e.g., multiple sheets of radiation sensitive film). In some embodiments, radiation sensitive film 125 includes a lot number, a bar code, and optionally an applied adhesive suitable for Raman dosimetry.

[0050] In one embodiment, the radiation-sensitive film 125 can be a radiochromic film (i.e., a film that changes color instantly upon exposure to ionizing radiation without the need for chemical treatment). These films have exceptional spatial resolution, reaching at least 0.025 mm, and the absorbed dose of radiochromic films has generally been found to be an accurate reflection of tissue absorbed dose.

[0051] Materials used in radiochromic film sensing strips include diacetylenes with the following general formula (I): [ka] where R1 and R11 are substituents, which can form red or blue polymers with the following general formula (II): [ka] Here, n is the number of monomer units when irradiated with high-energy radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, and neutron beams. As the amount of exposure increases, the color of the detection strip containing diacetylene darkens in proportion to the dose.

[0052] In some embodiments, the radiation sensitive dosimeter assembly includes a radiation sensitive film 125 and a radiation dose indicator. Thus, the radiation dose indicator can include a radiation sensitive composition that measures radiation and indicates a change in radiation. The radiation sensitive composition of the radiation sensitive film 125 can be selected from a radiation sensitive film, a radiation sensitive patch, or any other device, including an electronic device, that can detect radiation emitted from a radiation source.

[0053] In some embodiments, calibration data management server 130 manages calibration data system-wide among end users and / or suppliers of radiation-sensitive film. For example, calibration data management server 130 receives calibration curves 145 from user device 110 and / or supplier management server 150 and stores the calibration curves 145 in calibration data database 140. Supplier management server 150 is an entity, such as a radiation-sensitive film manufacturer that produces radiation-sensitive film 125, and similar entities that may also generate calibration curves for each lot of radiation-sensitive film 125. Supplier management server 150 can then transmit the calibration curves determined by the supplier to calibration data management server 130. Thus, end users can subsequently obtain (e.g., download) the calibration curves for each lot of radiation-sensitive film using user device 110, eliminating the need to generate the calibration curves themselves. The calibration management server 130 and / or supplier management server 150 may be a personal computing device, a tablet computer, a thin client terminal, a smartphone, and / or other such computing device capable of managing and securing radiation and calibration data in compliance with government-regulated protocols.

[0054] 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary radiation dosimeter assembly 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The dosimeter assembly 200 illustrates an exemplary radiation badge that a user (e.g., an X-ray technician) uses to determine their radiation dose. The dosimeter assembly 200 includes a radiation-sensitive film 210 and a barcode 202. Additionally, the dosimeter assembly 200 includes a lot number (e.g., LOT: "ABC-123456"). For example, if the radiation-sensitive film 210 is from an additional radiation-sensitive film lot, the calibration curve generated for the radiation-sensitive film 210 can be utilized to determine the radiation dose level for a second radiation-sensitive film from the same lot (e.g., LOT: "ABC-123456") by comparing a second radiation data set associated with the second radiation-sensitive film to the calibration curve determined from the radiation-sensitive film 210.

[0055] In some embodiments, the radiation dosimeter assembly 200 is suitable for Raman dosimetry and optionally includes an applied adhesive. For example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive ply can be applied to the bottom or back of the dosimeter assembly 200 to enable attachment of the dosimeter assembly 200 to a substrate or other object that will receive radiation. The adhesive ply can include a releasable release sheet adapted to be removed from the adhesive ply when the indicator radiation dosimeter assembly 200 is attached to a substrate (e.g., when a user applies a radiation badge to clothing).

[0056] 3 illustrates a graph 300 of an exemplary calibration curve 310 based on radiation dose response, according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the calibration curve illustrated in graph 300 may be determined based on a dosimetry calibration process that includes obtaining a radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a radiochromic film, or a radiation-sensitive film such as radiation-sensitive film 210), exposing the radiation-sensitive film to a series of known radiation doses, measuring radiation data (e.g., Raman spectroscopic data) for the radiation-sensitive film using a measurement device (e.g., a Raman spectrometer or a portable Raman spectroscopic device), and determining calibration curve 310 based on the radiation data for the radiation-sensitive film at a user device (e.g., at a mobile device such as user device 110). Generating a calibration curve such as graph 300 may include: (i) selecting a Raman spectral range based on the radiation data; and (ii) determining a plurality of Raman spectral ranges based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area (iii) determining the ratio by comparison with the known dose. Band Area and generating a calibration curve 310 based on plotting the ratio. For example, the measurement device may generate a calibration curve 310 based on plotting the ratio for each known radiation dose. Band Area Provide a ratio (e.g., 0-50 Gy in 5 Gy increments).

[0057] In some embodiments, the determination of the calibration curve can utilize multivariate calibration and / or regression methods. For example, the calibration curve can be generated based on partial least squares, principal component regression, etc. Multivariate methods have the advantage that they do not require simultaneous modeling of all components of a complex system for successful prediction. They allow for predicting responses even in the presence of other sources of variation (interference). Furthermore, multivariate methods can implicitly model other sources of variation in the system unrelated to the response of interest, thereby contributing to the accuracy of the prediction.

[0058] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary graph 400 for determining radiation dose, according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the calibration curve 410 shown in graph 400 can be determined based on the radiation dosimetry calibration process described herein. The step of determining the radiation dose level may include exposing a second radiation-sensitive film to an unknown radiation dose, measuring a second radiation data set (e.g., radiation data line 415) for the second radiation-sensitive film using a measurement device, and comparing the second radiation data set (415) to the calibration curve 410 to determine the radiation dose level for the second radiation-sensitive film to generate a dose value (e.g., radiation dose data line 425). For example, Raman spectroscopy results can be compared to the calibration curve (e.g., via an application running on a user's mobile device) to enable the determination of the radiation dose for the unknown radiation dose. As shown in comparison graph 400, the Raman spectroscopy results of the second radiation-sensitive film can be compared to the calibration curve to enable the determination of the radiation dose, as indicated by lines 415 and 425.

[0059] 5 is a flowchart of an exemplary process 500 for implementing a radiation dosimetry calibration process, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary process 500 for a user-defined calibration approach (e.g., determining a calibration curve at a user device 110). The operations of process 500 can be implemented by a system including one or more data processing devices, such as, for example, user device 110, measurement device 120, and calibration data management server 130 of FIG. 1.

[0060] A first radiation-sensitive film is allocated in block 510. For example, a user (e.g., an x-ray technician) opens a new lot of radiation-sensitive film and selects one to use as a calibration film for the remainder of the films in the lot.

[0061] At block 520, a first radiation-sensitive film is exposed to a series of known radiation doses, e.g., known doses of high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, neutrons, etc., are directed at a first radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a user-selected film to be used for calibration).

[0062] At block 530, a first radiation data set is measured for a first radiation sensitive film using a measurement device. For example, a user can measure radiation data for a selected film using a radiation detector such as a Raman spectroscopy device (e.g., measurement device 120 of FIG. 1).

[0063] In block 540, a calibration curve is generated in the user device based on a first radiation data set for a first radiation sensitive film. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a calibration curve 310 can be generated in the user device 110 by the calibration instruction set 116 based on acquired radiation data from the measurement device 120 for a selected film. For example, a Raman spectral range is selected for analysis (e.g., 2066 cm -1 (polymerization) and 1720 cm -1 (internal standard) band The second step to generate a calibration curve is to select multiple Raman spectra based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the measurement device may determine a ratio for each known radiation dose (block 744). Band Area The third step to generate a calibration curve is to compare the doses to known doses. Band Area and generating a calibration curve based on plotting the ratio (block 746, e.g., calibration curve 310 in FIG. 3). In some embodiments, regardless of the type of radiation (e.g., gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, etc.), the spectral range for a particular compound should be the same. However, for different diacetylenes or other suitable radiation-sensitive compounds, the spectral range that can be considered in the processes described herein may vary. band There may be some deviation.

[0064] In block 550, a second radiation-sensitive film is exposed to an unknown dose of radiation. The second radiation-sensitive film is selected from the same lot / box as the first radiation-sensitive film for which the calibration curve was generated. For example, the second radiation-sensitive film is exposed to an unknown dose of radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or neutrons.

[0065] At block 560, a second radiation data set for a second radiation sensitive film is determined based on the calibration curve, e.g., the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film is measured with measurement device 120, and an exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, which is shown and discussed with reference to FIG.

[0066] At block 570, a second radiation data set for a second radiation sensitive film is provided for display on a user device, e.g., the user device 110 displays the determined radiation results after applying a calibration curve to the measurement results.

[0067] At block 580, data transfer of the second radiation data set and the calibration curve for the second radiation sensitive film to the data management system is enabled. For example, user device 110 can transfer the calibration curve data and / or the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film to calibration data management server 130. Calibration data management server 130 can then store the calibration curve in calibration data database 140.

[0068] 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary process 600 for determining radiation dose at a user device based on a calibration curve obtained from a supplier, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process 600 for a supplier-defined calibration approach (e.g., determining the calibration curve at supplier management server 150). The operations of process 600 can be implemented by a system including one or more data processing devices, such as, for example, user device 110, measurement device 120, and calibration data management server 130 of FIG. 1.

[0069] A first radiation-sensitive film is allocated in block 610. For example, a user (e.g., an operator at a radiation-sensitive film supplier) opens a new lot of radiation-sensitive film and selects one radiation-sensitive film to use as a calibration film for the remainder of the films in the lot.

[0070] In block 615, a first radiation-sensitive film is exposed to a series of known radiation doses, for example, known doses of high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, neutrons, etc., at the supplier's location to a first radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a user-selected film to be used for calibration).

[0071] In block 620, a first radiation data set is measured for a first radiation sensitive film using a measurement device. For example, a user can measure radiation data for a selected film using a radiation detector such as a Raman spectroscopy device (e.g., measurement device 120 of FIG. 1).

[0072] In block 625, a calibration curve is generated at the supplier device based on the first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , calibration curve 310 may be generated at one of the one or more supplier managed servers 150 by a calibration instruction set based on radiation data received from measurement device 120 over network 102 for the selected film. For example, a Raman spectral range is selected for analysis (e.g., 2066 cm -1 (polymerization) and 1720 cm -1 (internal standard) band The second step to generate a calibration curve is to select multiple Raman spectra based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band Area For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the measurement device may determine a ratio for each known radiation dose (block 744). Band Area The third step to generate a calibration curve is to compare the doses to known doses. Band Area and generating a calibration curve (e.g., calibration curve 310 in FIG. 3) based on plotting the ratio (block 746). In some embodiments, the spectral range for a particular compound should be the same regardless of the type of radiation (e.g., gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, etc.). However, for different diacetylenes or other suitable radiation-sensitive compounds, the spectral range that can be considered in the processes described herein may be different. band There may be some deviation.

[0073] In block 630, the calibration curve is embedded in a barcode, and the data associated with the calibration curve and barcode is sent to a calibration data management system. For example, a supplier associated with supplier management server 150 associates a generated calibration curve specific to a particular lot of radiation-sensitive film (e.g., lot: "ABC-123456" in FIG. 2) and embeds a link to that data in a barcode (e.g., barcode 202) that can be scanned by an end user. For example, an x-ray technician can scan barcode 202 with user device 110 to access the calibration curve associated with that lot in order to determine the radiation dose for unknown doses for each radiation-sensitive film (e.g., of the same lot) associated with that calibration curve.

[0074] In block 635, a second radiation-sensitive film is allocated. For example, an end user (e.g., an x-ray technician) opens a box / lot of radiation-sensitive film from a supplier at a client site (e.g., Lot: "ABC-123456").

[0075] In block 640, the calibration curve is retrieved from the calibration data management system at the second measurement device via the user device. For example, the calibration curve generated at supplier management server 150 in block 625 for a particular lot of radiation-sensitive film (e.g., lot: "ABC-123456" in FIG. 2) can be retrieved (e.g., downloaded) at the client's on-site measurement device (e.g., measurement device 120) via user device 110 and network 102.

[0076] In block 645, a second radiation-sensitive film is exposed to an unknown dose of radiation. The second radiation-sensitive film is selected from the same lot / box as the first radiation-sensitive film for which the calibration curve was generated. For example, an unknown dose of x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, neutrons, etc. is irradiated onto the second radiation-sensitive film.

[0077] In block 650, a second radiation data set for a second radiation sensitive film is determined based on the calibration curve, e.g., the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film is measured with measurement device 120, and an exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, which is shown and discussed with reference to FIG.

[0078] In block 655, a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film is provided for display on a user device, e.g., the user device 110 displays the determined radiation results after applying a calibration curve to the measurement results.

[0079] In block 660, data transfer of the second radiation data set and the calibration curve for the second radiation-sensitive film to a data management system is enabled. For example, user device 110 can transfer the calibration curve data and / or the second radiation data set for the second radiation-sensitive film to calibration data management server 130. Calibration data management server 130 is configured to store the calibration curve in calibration data database 140. In some embodiments, the calibration curve information can be evaluated by calibration data management server 130 for "consistency" of film performance and radiation exposure at the customer level to generate process control chart-type information for the process. Among other things, this information can contribute to developing better process analysis.

[0080] 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary process 700 for determining a calibration curve based on Raman spectroscopy and for determining a radiation exposure dose level for an unknown dose based on the calibration curve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The operations of process 700 can be implemented by a system including one or more data processing devices, such as, for example, user device 110, measurement device 120, and calibration data management server 130 of FIG. 1.

[0081] In block 710, a first radiation-sensitive film is allocated. For example, a user (e.g., an x-ray technician) opens a new lot of radiation-sensitive film and selects one radiation-sensitive film to use as a calibration film for the remaining films in the lot. For example, the user can use films from the same lot at a later date.

[0082] In block 720, a first radiation-sensitive film is exposed to a series of known radiation doses. For example, the aged film is inspected and exposed to known doses of high-energy radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, neutrons, etc., which are applied to the first radiation-sensitive film (e.g., a user-selected film to be used for calibration).

[0083] At block 730, a first radiation data set is measured for a first radiation sensitive film using a measurement device. For example, a user can measure radiation data for a selected film using a radiation detector such as a Raman spectroscopy device (e.g., measurement device 120 of FIG. 1).

[0084] In block 740, a calibration curve is determined in the user device based on the first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, calibration curve 310 can be generated in the user device 110 by the calibration instruction set 116 based on acquired radiation data from the measurement device 120 for the selected film.

[0085] Determining the calibration curve includes first selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set at block 742. For example, a Raman spectral range is selected for analysis (e.g., 2066 cm -1 (polymerization) and 1720 cm -1 (internal standard) band The second step to determine the calibration curve is to select multiple Raman spectra based on the selected Raman spectral range. Band AreaFor example, as shown in FIG. 3, the measurement device may determine a ratio for each known radiation dose (block 744). Band Area The third step in determining the calibration curve is to compare the doses to known doses. Band Area and generating a calibration curve (e.g., calibration curve 310 in FIG. 3) based on plotting the ratio (block 746). In some embodiments, the spectral range for a particular compound should be the same regardless of the type of radiation (e.g., gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, etc.). However, for different diacetylenes or other suitable radiation-sensitive compounds, the spectral range that can be considered in the processes described herein may be different. band There may be some deviation.

[0086] In block 750, a second radiation-sensitive film is exposed to an unknown dose of radiation. The second radiation-sensitive film is selected from the same lot / box as the first radiation-sensitive film for which the calibration curve was generated. For example, the second radiation-sensitive film is exposed to an unknown dose of radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or neutrons.

[0087] In block 760, a second radiation data set is measured for the second radiation sensitive film using a measurement device, for example, measurement device 120 is used to measure the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film.

[0088] At block 770, a dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, for example, a dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, which is shown and discussed with reference to FIG.

[0089] At block 780, a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film is provided for display on a user device, e.g., the user device 110 displays the determined radiation results after applying a calibration curve to the measurement results.

[0090] For aged films, the process can be repeated in a simple manner. In this case, the unexposed film from block 710 is evaluated by Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set (block 742). For example, a Raman spectral range is selected for analysis (e.g., 2066 cm). -1 (polymerization) and 1720 cm -1 (internal standard) band ) and one known dose is measured in block 720. The calibration curve previously determined in block 746 when the film was first tested can then be mathematically adjusted to account for any changes in the aged film.

[0091] At block 790, data transfer of the second radiation data set and the calibration curve for the second radiation sensitive film to the data management system is enabled. For example, user device 110 can transfer the calibration curve data and / or the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film to calibration data management server 130. Calibration data management server 130 can then store the calibration curve in calibration data database 140.

[0092] The dose response of radiochromic film can depend on the energy level of the applied radiation. This effect is known as energy dependence. For example, x-ray beams can be applied in the kilovoltage to megavoltage range. As a result, a correction factor can be applied to the measured film response (in this case, the calibration curve and / or second film measurement) to correct for potential differences between the calibration and measured film responses to different exposure energies.

[0093] 8 is a flowchart of an exemplary process 800 for determining a calibration curve based on Raman spectroscopy and for determining a radiation exposure dose level for an unknown dose based on the calibration curve at a user device, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The operations of process 800 may be implemented by a system including one or more data processing devices, such as, for example, user device 110 and measurement device 120 of FIG. 1. Process 800 may also be implemented by instructions stored on a computer storage medium, execution of the instructions by a system including a data processing device causing the data processing device to perform the operations of process 800 (e.g., application 112 running on user device 110).

[0094] In block 810, a first radiation data set for a first radiation-sensitive film is received from a measurement device. For example, a user (e.g., an x-ray technician) opens a new lot of radiation-sensitive film and selects one radiation-sensitive film to use as a calibration film for the remaining films in the lot. A known dose of high-energy radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, or neutrons, is then applied to the first radiation-sensitive film (e.g., the user-selected film for calibration). The user can then measure radiation data for the selected film using a radiation detector, such as a Raman spectroscopy device (e.g., measurement device 120 of FIG. 1 ), and the data is transmitted to user device 110.

[0095] At block 820, a Raman spectral range is selected based on the first radiation data set. For example, a Raman spectral range (e.g., 2066 cm) is selected for analysis by the calibration instruction set 116 on the user device 110. -1 (polymerization) and 1720 cm -1 (internal standard) band ) is selected.

[0096] In block 830, a plurality of Raman spectral regions are selected based on the selected Raman spectral region. Band AreaFor example, as shown in FIG. 3, the measurement device determines the ratio of the radiation doses for each known dose. Band Area Provide a ratio (e.g., 0-50 Gy in 5 Gy increments).

[0097] In block 840, the dose is compared to the known dose. Band Area Based on plotting the ratios, a calibration curve associated with the first radiation-sensitive film is generated (eg, calibration curve 310 in FIG. 3).

[0098] In block 850, a second radiation data set is obtained for a second radiation sensitive film from a measurement device. For example, an unknown amount of radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, or neutrons, is applied to the second radiation sensitive film, and a second radiation data set is measured for the second radiation sensitive film using measurement device 120.

[0099] At block 860, a radiation dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, for example, a radiation dose level for the second radiation sensitive film is determined based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve, which is shown and discussed with reference to FIG.

[0100] 5-8 illustrate flow charts for example techniques for implementing dosimetry calibration processes based on the techniques described herein. In particular, FIG. 5 illustrates an example process 500 for a user-defined calibration approach (e.g., determining a calibration curve at a user device 110). FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 for a supplier-defined calibration approach (e.g., determining a calibration curve at a supplier management server 150). FIG. 7 illustrates an example process 700 for determining a calibration curve. FIG. 8 illustrates an example process 800 for implementing instructions stored on a computer storage medium in an apparatus for determining a calibration curve (e.g., determining a calibration curve at a user device 110). These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more of the following features.

[0101] In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 may include a radiation measurement device capable of measuring radiation exposure. In an exemplary embodiment, one or more measurement devices 120 are Raman spectrometers, such as a portable Raman spectroscopic device. In some embodiments, measurement device 120 is a Raman spectroscopic device capable of continuous or semi-continuous in-situ monitoring of radiation-sensitive films.

[0102] In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 can measure dose-response characteristics that include a wide range of doses (e.g., less than 1,000 Gy). For example, some exemplary dose ranges for one or more measurement devices 120 may include the following ranges: 0.2-10 Gy, 0.4-40 Gy, 1-100 Gy, 10-1,000 Gy, etc. The exemplary dose ranges may be applicable to different radiation delivery applications, such as patient dosimetry for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan verification, patient dosimetry for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), routine machine quality assurance such as radiation field / light field testing, and / or other applications measuring medium to high doses based on the needs of the particular patient dosimetry. In some embodiments, one or more measurement devices 120 are capable of measuring dose response characteristics including higher doses of radiation (eg, up to 400 kGy).

[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data for the radiation sensitive film 125 from a radiation dose to the radiation sensitive film based on X-rays. Alternatively, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data for the radiation sensitive film 125 in relation to radiation applied to the radiation sensitive film by gamma rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beam, or a combination thereof.

[0104] In some embodiments, the one or more measurement devices 120 measure radiation data about the radiation-sensitive film 125 (e.g., via Raman spectroscopy) based on: a one-dimensional resonance Raman (1DRR) spectroscopic scan, a two-dimensional resonance Raman (2DRR) spectroscopic scan, a three-dimensional resonance Raman (3DRR) spectroscopic scan, or a combination thereof.

[0105] In some embodiments, the selected Raman spectral range contains data that does not vary with radiation exposure and serves as an internal reference. For example, the use of an internal reference provides a known concentration of a substance present in all samples. The use of an internal reference provides a known concentration of a substance present in all samples. Variability due to film composition, physical differences, and condition can be reduced or eliminated. The use of an internal reference can reduce or eliminate variability due to film composition, physical differences, and condition, etc.

[0106] In some embodiments, the radiation-sensitive film comprises a radiation-sensitive compound that is sensitive to Raman spectroscopy to detect radiation dose. For example, each piece of film will comprise the same compound (i.e., the same "lot" of film). In some embodiments, the compound in the radiation-sensitive film is a diacetylene compound. In some embodiments, the diacetylene compound is a metal- or metalloid-based diacetylene compound. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the diacetylene compound is a lithium-based diacetylene compound. As used herein, radiation-sensitive film can refer to a single piece or sheet of radiation-sensitive film, or radiation-sensitive film can refer to a box / lot of radiation-sensitive film (e.g., multiple sheets of radiation-sensitive film). In some embodiments, the radiation-sensitive film includes a lot number, a bar code, and optionally an applied adhesive suitable for Raman dosimetry.

[0107] In some embodiments, because the properties of radiation-sensitive films may change slightly over time, it may be necessary to adjust the calibration curve with a "correction factor" to better align dosimetry and compensate for the energy dependence of the film response. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the processes described herein may include a calibration curve adjustment process, which includes obtaining a third radiation-sensitive film, measuring pre-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film with a measurement device, exposing the third radiation-sensitive film to a known radiation dose, measuring post-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film with the measurement device, and adjusting the calibration curve based on the pre-exposure and post-exposure data points for the third radiation-sensitive film.

[0108] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary computer architecture 900 for a computer 902 capable of executing the software components described herein for transmitting, receiving, and processing tasks. The computer architecture 900 (also referred to herein as a “server”) shown in FIG. 9 is illustrative of a server computer, workstation, desktop computer, laptop, server operating in a cloud environment, or other computing device, and may be utilized to execute any aspects of the software components presented herein described as running on a host server or other computing platform. The computer 902 preferably includes a baseboard, or “motherboard,” which is a printed circuit board to which multiple components or devices may be connected via a system bus or other electrical communication pathway. In one exemplary embodiment, one or more CPUs 904 operate in conjunction with a chipset 906. The CPU 904 may be a programmable processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations necessary for the operation of the computer 902.

[0109] CPU 904 preferably performs operations by transitioning from one discrete physical state to the next, and does so through the manipulation of switching elements that distinguish and change between these states. Switching elements may generally include electronic circuits that maintain one of two states, such as flip-flops, and electronic circuits that provide an output state based on a logical combination of the states of one or more other switching elements, such as logic gates. These basic switching elements can be combined to create more complex logic circuits, such as registers, adder-subtractors, arithmetic logic units, floating-point units, etc.

[0110] The chipset 906 provides an interface between the CPU 904 and the remaining components and devices on the baseboard. The chipset 906 may provide an interface to memory 908. The memory 908 may include RAM, which is used as the main memory within the computer 902. The memory 908 may further include a computer-readable storage medium, such as read-only memory (ROM) or non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), for storing basic routines that help start the computer 902 and transfer information between various components and devices. The ROM or NVRAM may also store other software components necessary for the operation of the computer 902 in accordance with the embodiments described herein.

[0111] According to various embodiments, computer 902 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to remote computing devices via one or more networks 912, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, or any other networking topology known in the art that connects computer 902 to devices and other remote computers. Chipset 906 includes functionality to provide network connectivity through one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 910, such as Gigabit Ethernet adapters. For example, NICs 910 might connect computer 902 to other computing devices in a utility provider's system. It should be understood that any number of NICs 910 may be present in computer 902 to connect the computer to other types of networks and remote computer systems other than those described herein.

[0112] The computer 902 may be connected to at least one mass storage device 918, which provides non-volatile storage for the computer 902. The mass storage device 918 may store system programs, application programs, other program modules, and data, as described in more detail below. The mass storage device 918 may be connected to the computer 902 through a storage controller 914, which is connected to the chipset 906. The mass storage device 918 may consist of one or more physical storage units. The storage controller 914 may interface with the physical storage devices through a Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) interface, a Fibre Channel (FC) interface, or other standard interface for establishing a physical connection and transferring data between the computer and the physical storage devices.

[0113] The computer 902 can store data on the mass storage device 918 by transforming the physical state of the physical storage unit to reflect the stored information. In different embodiments of the invention described herein, the specific transformation of the physical state can depend on various factors, including, but not limited to, the technology used to implement the physical storage device, whether the mass storage device 918 is characterized as primary or secondary storage, and the like. For example, the computer 902 can store information on the mass storage device 918 by issuing instructions via the storage controller 914 to change the magnetic properties of a particular location within a magnetic disk drive unit, the reflective or refractive properties of a particular location within an optical storage unit, or the electrical properties of a particular capacitor, transistor, or other individual component within a solid-state storage unit. Other variations in physical media are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of this description, and the foregoing examples are provided merely for ease of explanation. The computer 902 can also read information from the mass storage device 918 by detecting the physical state or properties of one or more particular locations within the physical storage device.

[0114] The mass storage device 918 may store an operating system 920 utilized to control the operation of the computer 902. According to some embodiments, the operating system is LINUX (registered trademark) According to another embodiment, the operating system comprises a WINDOWS® SERVER operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington. According to a further embodiment, the operating system comprises a UNIX® operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington. (registered trademark) System or SOLARIS (registered trademark) It should be noted that other operating systems may also be utilized (e.g., JAVA (registered trademark) , Python (registered trademark), or other software, particularly software suitable for mobile or portable devices). Mass storage device 918, according to disclosed embodiments, can store other system or application programs and data utilized by computer 902, including, for example, a calibration module 922 (e.g., calibration instruction set 116) for performing a dosimetry calibration process, a spectroscopy module 924 (e.g., spectroscopy instruction set 114) for integrating with and / or communicating with a measurement device (e.g., measurement device 120), and a data management module 928 (e.g., data management instruction set 114) for communicating calibration results with a calibration data management server as part of the dosimetry calibration process. Other system or application programs and data utilized by computer 902 can also be provided (e.g., a security module, a payment processing module, a user interface module, etc.).

[0115] In some embodiments, the mass storage device 918 may be encoded with computer-executable instructions that, when loaded into the computer 902, transform the computer 902 from a general-purpose computing system to a special-purpose computer capable of implementing embodiments described herein. These computer-executable instructions transform the computer 902 by specifying how the CPU 904 transitions between states, as described above. According to some embodiments, the mass storage device 918 stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the computer 902, cause the computer 902 to perform portions of the processes 500, 600, 700, and 800 for implementing the dosimetry calibration system described herein. In further embodiments, the computer 902 may have access to another computer-readable storage medium in addition to or instead of the mass storage device 918.

[0116] Computer 902 may also include an input / output controller 930 for receiving and processing input from several input devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, electronic stylus, or other type of input device. Similarly, input / output controller 930 may provide output to a display device, such as a computer monitor, flat panel display, digital projector, printer, plotter, or other type of output device. Note that computer 902 may not include all of the components shown in Figure 9, may include other components not explicitly shown in Figure 9, or may utilize an entirely different architecture than that shown in Figure 9.

[0117] It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of components or steps or methodologies set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein has been chosen for purposes of description and should not be construed as limiting.

[0118] Unless otherwise defined, terminology used in connection with this disclosure shall have the meaning commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, and unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0119] All of the articles and / or methods disclosed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the articles and methods of the present disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the articles and / or methods, and to the steps or sequence of steps of the methods, described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the present disclosure. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the present disclosure.

[0120] As utilized in accordance with the present disclosure, the following terms, unless otherwise specified, shall be understood to have the following meanings:

[0121] The indefinite article "a" or "an," when used in conjunction with "comprises," can mean "one" or can be consistent with the meanings of "one or more," "at least one," and "one or more." Although "or" is used to mean "and / or," unless expressly indicated to refer to alternatives only when the alternatives are mutually exclusive, this disclosure supports the definition that refers only to alternatives and "and / or." Throughout this application, the word "about" is used to indicate that a value may include the inherent variation of error for the measuring device, the method employed to determine the value, or the error that exists between study subjects. For example, without limitation, when the word "about" is used, the specified value may vary plus or minus 12%, or 11%, or 10%, or 9%, or 8%, or 7%, or 6%, or 5%, or 4%, or 3%, or 2%, or 1%. When the term "at least one" is used, it is understood to include not only one but also amounts greater than one, including, but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term "at least one" may extend to 100 or 1000 or more, depending on the term to which it is attached. Also, quantities such as 100 / 1000 should not be considered limiting, as satisfactory results will be obtained both below and above that amount. Also, the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z" is understood to include X alone, Y alone, and Z alone, as well as any combination of X, Y, and Z. Ordinal terminology (i.e., "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc.) is used solely to distinguish between two or more items and is not intended to imply any order or importance or significance of one item in relation to another, or any additive order, unless otherwise specified.

[0122] Any reference herein to "one embodiment," or "one aspect," or "one version," or "one purpose," or "another embodiment," or "another aspect," or "another version," or "another purpose" of the invention may include one or more of such embodiments, aspects, versions, or purposes, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

[0123] When the term "at least one" is used, it refers to more than one, including but not limited to one, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term "at least one" can extend to 100 or 1000 or more, depending on the term to which it is attached.

[0124] All percentages, parts, proportions, and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition unless otherwise specified. All weights pertaining to listed ingredients are based on the active level and therefore do not include solvents or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials unless otherwise specified.

[0125] All references to singular features or limitations of the invention shall include the corresponding plural features or limitations, and vice versa, unless specifically stated otherwise or unless otherwise clearly implied in the context in which the reference is made.

[0126] Numerical ranges used herein are intended to include every number and subset of numbers subsumed within that range, whether or not they are expressly disclosed. Furthermore, these numerical ranges should be construed as providing support for claims directed to any number or subset of numbers within that range.

[0127] As used herein, the terms "comprise" (in any variation), "have" (in any variation), "include" (in any variation), or "contain" (in any variation) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. As used herein, the terms "or combinations thereof" and "and / or combinations thereof" refer to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example, "A, B, C, or combinations thereof" is intended to include at least one of the following: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, as well as BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB, if order is important in the particular context. Extending this example, combinations containing repetitions of one or more items or terms, such as BB, AAA, AAB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, etc., are expressly included. Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless the context makes clear to the contrary, there is typically no limit to the number of items or terms in any combination.

[0128] For purposes of the following detailed description, except in the operating examples or where otherwise indicated, numbers expressing, for example, amounts of ingredients, etc. used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the word "about." The numerical parameters set forth in the specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained in the practice of the invention.

[0129] As used herein, the terms "or combinations thereof," "and combinations thereof," and "and / or combinations thereof" refer to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term.

[0130] The term "about" refers to a range of values ​​of plus or minus 10% of the specified value. For example, "about 200" includes plus or minus 10% of 200, i.e., 180 to 220.

[0131] The term "dosimeter" refers to a radiation-sensitive dosimeter, which is a device, instrument, or system that directly or indirectly measures or evaluates the exposure, kerma, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, or their time derivatives (rates), or related quantities of ionizing radiation. A dosimeter is one such device used to indicate or measure exposure to ionizing radiation. Such dosimeters are solid objects, either plate-like or of any other shape, that are easily visible and sometimes exhibit a visual change in color without the use of a spectrophotometer. Several types of dosimeters are currently commercially available, including thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs), optically simulated luminescence (OSLs), radioluminescence glass (RLGs), X-ray film, and track-etch dosimeters. They are typically used to measure and monitor medical and industrial radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, and fast electron beams. The dosimeter and its reader are called a dosimetry system.

[0132] The term "portable Raman spectroscopy device" preferably refers to a handheld Raman spectrometer with 785 nm laser excitation. The handheld Raman spectrometer maintains a connection to the cloud via a cellular link even if WiFi is not available. A cloud data platform allows users to share all data on their local device with a central database and synchronize real-time updates across all devices.

[0133] As used herein, the term "data" refers to any information that may be stored in memory. For example, data may include user data, sample data, radiation dose information, control information, etc.

[0134] In this disclosure, the term "radiation" refers to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation that has enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, ionizing them. Radiation includes, but is not limited to, x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, proton beams, neutron beams, ion beams, or combinations thereof. Non-ionizing radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionize atoms or molecules, i.e., completely remove electrons from the atoms or molecules. Non-ionizing radiation includes, but is not limited to, ultraviolet (UV), visible light, infrared (IR), or combinations thereof.

[0135] As used herein, the term "ionizing radiation" generally refers to radiation having a level of energy high enough to cause atoms to lose electrons and become charged or ionized. Ionizing radiation can be in the form of high-energy particles such as alpha and beta particles, protons and neutrons, etc., or in the form of electromagnetic waves such as gamma rays or X-rays. High-energy particles and electromagnetic waves can be emitted from the nuclei of decaying radioactive atoms or can be generated by bombarding a metal target with accelerated electrons.

[0136] "Radiation-sensitive film" refers to a radiochromic dosimetry film designed for the quantitative measurement of absorbed dose from high-energy photons. Key technical features include: (i) dynamic dose range: 10 Gy to 1000 Gy; (ii) real-time development without post-exposure treatment; (iii) energy dependence: minimal response differences from 100 keV to MV; (iv) tissue proximity; (v) high spatial resolution—ability to resolve features to 5 ppm or less; (vi) active coating exposed for detection of low-energy photons and electrons; (vii) proprietary new technology with marker dyes in the active layer: triple-channel dosimetry allows for non-uniformity correction and reduced UV / light sensitivity; and (viii) temperature stability up to 60°C.

[0137] The term "display device" refers to an arrangement of elements that allows data to be presented in a viewable form on a display screen. Suitable display screens may include a variety of flat, curved, or other shaped screens, films, sheets, or other structures for visually displaying information to a user. Display devices described herein may be included in, for example, display systems including liquid crystal displays (LCDs), televisions, computers, mobile phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), electronic reading devices, tablets, wearable devices, and the like.

[0138] An "operable connection" (or a connection to which entities are "operably connected") is a connection over which signals, physical communication flows, and / or logical communication flows may be sent and / or received. Typically, an operable connection includes a physical interface, an electrical interface, and / or a data interface, although it should be noted that an operable connection may consist of different combinations of these or other types of connections sufficient to enable operable control.

[0139] In general, the routines executed to implement embodiments of the present invention may be referred to herein as "computer program code," or simply "program code," whether implemented as part of an operating system, or as a specific application, component, program, object, module, or sequence of instructions, or as a subset thereof. Program code typically resides at different times in various memory and storage devices within a computer, and comprises computer-readable instructions that, when loaded and executed by one or more processors within the computer, cause the computer to perform the operations necessary to carry out the operations and / or elements embodying various aspects of embodiments of the present invention. Computer-readable program instructions for carrying out operations of embodiments of the present invention may be, for example, either source code or object code written in assembly language or any combination of one or more programming languages.

[0140] The program code embodied in any of the applications / modules described herein may be distributed individually or collectively as a program product in a variety of different forms, in particular, the program code may be distributed using a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions for causing a processor to execute aspects of embodiments of the present invention.

[0141] Computer-readable storage media are non-transitory in nature and can include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable tangible media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer-readable storage media can also include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state memory technology, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and that can be read by a computer. Computer-readable storage media should not themselves be interpreted as transitory signals (e.g., radio waves or other propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a transmission medium such as a waveguide, or electrical signals transmitted over electrical wires). The computer readable program instructions may be downloaded from the computer readable storage medium into a computer, another type of programmable data processing device, or another device, or may be downloaded over a network to an external computer or external storage device.

[0142] Computer-readable program instructions stored on a computer-readable medium can be used to direct a computer, other type of programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to function in a particular manner, and the instructions stored on the computer-readable medium can result in an article of manufacture including instructions that implement the functions / acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and / or block diagrams. The computer program instructions can be provided to one or more processors of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, and the instructions, executed by the one or more processors, can cause the machine to perform a series of calculations such that the functions and / or acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and / or block diagrams are implemented.

[0143] In certain alternative embodiments, the functions and / or acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and / or block diagrams may be re-ordered, processed serially, and / or in parallel without departing from the scope of embodiments of the invention. Also, any of the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and / or block diagrams may include more or fewer blocks relative to the illustrated blocks consistent with embodiments of the invention.

[0144] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. As used in this disclosure, the singular indefinite and definite articles are intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "including," "comprising," and / or "comprising," when used in this disclosure, specify the presence of stated features, objects, steps, operations, elements, and / or components. However, such terms do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, objects, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Furthermore, to the extent that "comprises," "having," "having," "including," "comprising," or variations thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to "comprising."

[0145] While the invention has been fully illustrated by the description of various embodiments, and while those embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of applicants to in any way restrict or limit the scope of the appended claims to those details. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize additional advantages and modifications. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and methods, and illustrative examples shown and described. Thus, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicants' general inventive concept.

Claims

1. 1. A method for measuring radiation dosimetry, comprising: obtaining a first radiation-sensitive film (125); exposing the first radiation sensitive film (125) to a series of known radiation doses; measuring a first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film (125) using a measurement device (120) that is a portable Raman spectroscopy device; determining a calibration curve (117, 145) based on the first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film (125) in a user device (110); (a) selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; (b) determining a plurality of band area ratios measured using a measurement device (120) based on the selected Raman spectral range; and (c) generating the calibration curve (117, 145) based on plotting the band area ratio in comparison to known doses; and determining exposing a second radiation sensitive film to an unknown radiation dose; measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film using the measurement device; determining a radiation dose level for the second radiation sensitive film by comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve; A method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transferring, by the user device, the calibration curve and the second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film to a data management system.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: providing the exposure dose level of the second radiation sensitive film for display on the user device.

4. 10. The method of claim 1, The selected Raman spectral range contains data that does not vary with radiation exposure and serves as an internal reference. A method wherein a correction factor is applied to generating the calibration curve to compensate for energy dependence.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: obtaining a third radiation-sensitive film; measuring pre-exposure data points for the third radiation sensitive film using the measurement device; exposing the third radiation sensitive film to a known dose of radiation; measuring post-exposure data points for the third radiation sensitive film using the measurement device; adjusting the calibration curve based on the pre-exposure data points and the post-exposure data points for the third radiation sensitive film.

6. 10. The method of claim 1, the measuring device is a Raman spectrometer, the Raman spectroscopic device is portable; The method wherein the Raman spectroscopy device provides continuous or semi-continuous in-situ monitoring of the radiation sensitive film.

7. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement device generates the first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film by: One-dimensional resonance Raman (1DRR) spectroscopic scan, Two-dimensional resonance Raman (2DRR) spectroscopic scans, and / or three-dimensional resonance Raman (3DRR) spectroscopic scan; The measurement device is capable of measuring dose-response characteristics of less than 1000 Gy; The method, wherein the measurement device is capable of measuring dose response characteristics below 400 kGy.

8. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first radiation-sensitive film and the second radiation-sensitive film comprise a radiation-sensitive compound that is sensitive to Raman spectroscopy to detect a radiation dose; the radiation-sensitive compound is a diacetylene compound; the diacetylene compound is a metal or semimetal diacetylene compound, The method, wherein the diacetylenic compound is a lithium-based diacetylenic compound.

9. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of known radiation doses is based on x-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beam, or a combination thereof.

10. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first radiation-sensitive film and / or the second radiation-sensitive film comprises a lot number, a bar code, and optionally an adhesive applied thereto that is suitable for Raman dosimetry.

11. In an apparatus having a processor: receiving a first radiation data set for a first radiation sensitive film (125) from a measurement device (120) that is a portable Raman spectroscopy device, the first radiation sensitive film (125) having been exposed to a series of known radiation doses; selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; determining a plurality of band area ratios measured using a measurement device (120) based on the selected Raman spectral range; generating a calibration curve (117, 145) associated with the first radiation sensitive film (125) based on plotting the band area ratio compared to known doses; acquiring a second radiation data set from the measurement device (120) for a second radiation-sensitive film (125), the second radiation-sensitive film (125) having been exposed to an unknown radiation dose; determining an exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film (125) based on comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve (117, 145).

12. 1. A system comprising: a box of radiation-sensitive films (125) comprising at least a first radiation-sensitive film (125) and a second radiation-sensitive film (125); A measurement device (120) that is a portable Raman spectroscopy device, comprising: measuring a first radiation data set for the first radiation sensitive film (125) based on a known radiation dose; measuring a second radiation data set for the second radiation sensitive film (125) based on an unknown radiation dose; and a measurement device capable of providing radiation data to a user device (110) having a processor, the user device (110) being configured to: (a) selecting a Raman spectral range based on the first radiation data set; (b) determining a plurality of band area ratios measured using a measurement device (120) based on the selected Raman spectral range; and (c) generating a calibration curve (117, 145) associated with the first radiation-sensitive film (125) based on plotting the band area ratio compared to the known radiation dose; (d) determining an exposure dose level for the second radiation sensitive film (125) by comparing the second radiation data set to the calibration curve (117, 145).

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