Polymer composition containing a densification promoter and rotational molding process therewith for producing hollow articles - Patents.com

Abstract

The rotational molding method for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotational molding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold around at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition on the mold walls; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold. The rotational molding method using such a polymer composition provides faster densification and allows the overall cycle time for producing hollow articles to be reduced.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 295,879, filed January 1, 2022, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to the manufacture of hollow articles using rotomolding processes. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of additives, hereinafter referred to as rotomolding densification enhancers (RMDAs), in rotomolding processes. These RMDAs reduce the cycle time of the rotomolding process and provide a wider processing window. [Background technology]

[0003] Rotational molding, or rotomolding, is a high temperature, low pressure molding process that uses heat and biaxial rotation to produce hollow, one-piece parts from organic polymers. Hollow parts produced by rotational molding include, for example, gasoline containers, trash cans, agricultural storage containers, septic tanks, toys, and sporting goods, such as kayaks.

[0004] Rotational molding is described, for example, by RJ Crawford and JL Throne in Rotational Molding Technology; Plastics Design Library, William Andrew Publishing, 2001. Rotational molding requires a mold (shell) equipped with a means for biaxial or triaxial rotation of the mold in an oven. Finely divided polymer particles are filled into the mold, which is then rotated (usually biaxially) while being heated to a target temperature above the melting point of the polymer (called the peak internal air temperature). The molten polymer flows through the mold holes under the force of rotation, and rotation is continued for a time and at a temperature sufficient to coat the entire surface of the mold with molten polymer to a uniform thickness. The mold is then cooled, causing the polymer to solidify and become solid. The final step is the removal of the hollow article from the rotational molder. The total time required for the combined steps of filling the mold, rotating the mold, cooling the mold, opening the mold, and removing the hollow article is known in the art as the "cycle time" of the process.

[0005] There are three main physical processes that occur with the polymer particles used in rotomolding: sintering or coalescence, which occurs when the polymer particles are melted to form a continuous phase, densification of the polymer continuous phase, which occurs when any air bubbles are removed, and crystallization of the polymer, which occurs when the polymer is cooled. The removal of air bubbles and the resulting densification of the polymer continuous phase are an important part of the rotomolding process and affect the physical properties of the part that is formed.

[0006] The time required to complete a molding cycle ("cycle time") is also a function of the bulk properties of the polymer being molded. For example, the polymer that is filled into the mold is preferably finely divided (i.e., ground into a powder) and has a high bulk density and narrow particle size distribution to promote "free flow" of the polymer particles.

[0007] The time and temperature that the polymer-filled mold is in the oven ("cooking" time and temperature) are critical to the quality of the hollow parts. Too short a time and too low a temperature will result in incomplete sintering and surface adhesion of the molten polymer and dissipation of the bubbles, which will adversely affect the final mechanical and physical properties of the molded article (reduced impact strength). The parts are called "undercooked". T. Pick and E. Harkin-Jones, Third Polymer Processing Symposium, January 28-29, 2004, Belfast, p. 259-268, teach that there is a correlation between the number of bubbles in a rotomolded article and its impact strength, with a higher number of bubbles resulting in lower impact strength and reduced optical qualities such as transparency. Too long a time and too high a temperature will cause the polymer to degrade and discolor, and will also reduce the impact strength of the part. The part is "overcooked" or "burned" in terms of discoloration and must be scrapped. Thus, there is a narrow time and temperature range in which to achieve optimal mechanical and physical properties of the molded article. The optimal time and temperature range is referred to herein as the "processing window." It is desirable to widen this processing window so that parts exposed to longer times and higher temperatures than necessary still exhibit optimal mechanical and physical properties (are not "overcooked"). It is also highly desirable to keep cycle times as short as possible. Advantageously, shortening cycle times reduces energy costs and increases productivity of expensive rotational molding machines. Widening the processing window further increases productivity by reducing the number of overcooked parts that must be scrapped.

[0008] In rotomolding, additives can be used to reduce thermal degradation and to promote bubble removal to reduce microstructural defects such as trapped air bubbles. The use of hindered phenols in combination with phosphites or phosphonites can reduce thermal degradation and broaden the processing window, but the time to optimal properties (cycle time) is increased. The use of hydroxylamine derivatives in combination with HALS and phosphites or phosphonites can reduce cycle time by promoting bubble removal, but the processing window remains very narrow. There is still a need in the art to further improve the cycle time of rotomolding and to simultaneously improve both cycle time and processing window. Summary of the Invention

[0009] A rotomolding process for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification enhancer (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition over the walls of the mold; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold.

[0010] A hollow article composed of a polymeric composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification enhancer (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof, is produced by a rotomolding process.

[0011] These and other objects, features, and advantages of the rotational molding process, methods, hollow articles, polymeric compositions, and RMDA will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 (C16 to C18 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate) and PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S (DEG monostearate) and a control. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 1A showing air bubbles. [Figure 2A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 at loadings of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 wt % and a control. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 2A showing air bubbles. [Figure 3A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55, PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S, and IRGAFOS™ FS-042 (hydroxylamine). [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 3A showing air bubbles. [Figure 4A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55, PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S, and α-tocopherol acetate. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 4A showing air bubbles. [Figure 5A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for 0.05 and 0.10 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55, and 0.05 and 0.10 wt% α-tocopherol acetate. [Figure 5B]FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 5A showing air bubbles. [Figure 6A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 and a control using CYANOX™ AO-1790 at loadings of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 wt.%. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 6A showing air bubbles. [Figure 7A] 1 is a bar graph showing density of rotomolded LLDPE parts as a function of oven time and temperature for 0.05 wt % FENTACARE™ 1802 (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)octadecylamine) and a control. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the rotationally molded part of FIG. 7A showing air bubbles. [Figure 8A] 1 is a bar graph showing the number of air bubbles (scale of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) in 1 / 4 inch PE plaques as a function of treatment time with 1% and 2% by weight of BRIJ™ S2 (C18 monoether of diethylene glycol), α-tocopherol acetate, and IRGASTAB™ FS-042. [Figure 8B] 1 is a bar graph showing Yellowness Index as a function of treatment time at 246° C. for 1% and 2% by weight loadings of BRIJ™ S2, α-tocopherol acetate, and IRGASTAB™ FS-042 on ¼ inch PE plaques. [Figure 8C] 1 is a bar graph showing density as a function of treatment time at 246° C. for 1 / 4 inch LLDPE plaques containing 1% and 2% by weight of BRIJ™ S2, α-tocopherol acetate, and IRGASTAB™ FS-042. [Figure 9A]1 is a bar graph showing the number of air bubbles (scale of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) in ½ inch LLDPE plaques as a function of treatment time for 1 wt % and 2 wt % loadings of BRIJ™ S2 (C18 monoether of diethylene glycol), α-tocopherol acetate, and IRGASTAB™ FS-042 in the polymer composition. [Figure 9B] 1 is a bar graph showing the Yellowness Index of PE plaque as a function of treatment time for 1 / 2 inch PE plaques treated with 1 wt % and 2 wt % BRIJ™ S2 (C18 monoether of diethylene glycol), α-tocopherol acetate, and IRGASTAB™ FS-042. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] The rotomolding process and rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) described below reduce the time required for bubble removal and optimal physical and mechanical properties such as impact strength compared to the antioxidant control. In other words, rotomolding and RMDA reduce cycle time. Advantageously, reduced cycle time reduces energy costs and increases the productivity of expensive rotomolding machines. In addition, rotomolding and RMDA can provide a wider / larger processing window in terms of time and temperature at which properties such as impact strength and color of the hollow article are optimal, thereby minimizing rejects. Thus, rotomolding and RMDA provide an attractive alternative to traditional rotomolding and additives.

[0014] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms, notations, and other scientific terminology used herein are intended to have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the chemical arts. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0015] Throughout this specification, the terms and substituents retain their definitions. A comprehensive list of abbreviations utilized by organic chemists (i.e., those skilled in the art) appears at the beginning of each volume of the Journal of Organic Chemistry. This list, typically presented in a table entitled "Standard List of Abbreviations", is incorporated herein by reference.

[0016] The term "hydrocarbyl" is a generic term that includes aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic groups that have an all-carbon backbone and, unless otherwise stated, are composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. In certain cases, as defined herein, one or more of the carbon atoms that make up the carbon backbone may be replaced with a specified atom or group of atoms. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, carbocyclic aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, and carbocyclic aralkyl, alkaryl, aralkenyl, and aralkynyl groups. Such groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined herein. Thus, chemical groups or moieties discussed in the specification and claims should be understood to include substituted or unsubstituted forms. The examples and preferences set forth below also apply to each of the hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl-containing substituents mentioned in the various definitions of the substituents for compounds of the formulas described herein, unless the context indicates otherwise.

[0017] Preferred non-aromatic hydrocarbyl groups are saturated groups such as alkyl and cycloalkyl groups. Typically, by way of example, the hydrocarbyl groups may have from 12 to 60 carbon atoms, unless the context requires otherwise. Hydrocarbyl groups of from 12 to 30 carbon atoms are preferred.

[0018] Alkyl is intended to include linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon structures and combinations thereof. Lower alkyl means an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, and the like. Preferred alkyl groups are 30 These are as follows:

[0019] Aliphatic compounds refer to compounds whose main functional group is attached to a saturated carbon atom. The remaining carbon atoms can be aliphatic or aromatic. For example, benzyl alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol and benzyl amine is an aliphatic amine because the hydroxyl and amino groups are each attached to a saturated benzyl carbon atom.

[0020] The term "interposed by one or more heteroatoms" refers to an alkyl group that contains one or more of -O-, -NH-, or -S- linking two carbon atoms.

[0021] Alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl refer to groups of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms of a linear, branched, cyclic configuration and combinations thereof attached to the parent structure by an oxygen. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like.

[0022] Acyl refers to a formyl group and groups of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 carbon atoms of straight chain, branched, cyclic configuration, saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic and combinations thereof attached to the parent structure by a carbonyl functionality. Examples include acetyl, benzoyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and the like. Lower acyl refers to groups containing 1 to 6 carbons.

[0023] Reference to a "carbocyclic" or "cycloalkyl" group, as used herein, is intended to include both aromatic and non-aromatic ring systems, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, the term includes within its scope aromatic, non-aromatic, unsaturated, partially saturated and fully saturated carbocyclic ring systems. In general, such groups may be monocyclic or bicyclic and may contain, for example, 3 to 12 ring members, more usually 5 to 10 ring members. Examples of monocyclic groups are those containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 ring members, more usually 3 to 7, preferably 5 or 6 ring members. Examples of bicyclic groups are those containing 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 ring members, more usually 9 or 10 ring members. Examples of non-aromatic carbocyclic / cycloalkyl groups include c-propyl, c-butyl, c-pentyl, c-hexyl, etc. C7-C 10 Examples of polycyclic hydrocarbons include ring systems such as norbornyl and adamantyl.

[0024] Aryl (carbocyclic aryl) refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic carbon ring, including a bicyclic 9- or 10-membered aromatic ring system; or a tricyclic 13- or 14-membered aromatic ring system. Aromatic 6- to 14-membered carbocyclic rings include, for example, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, benzene, naphthalene, indane, tetralin, and fluorene.

[0025] Substituted hydrocarbyl, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, etc. refer to specific substituents in which up to three H atoms in each residue are replaced with alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxy, carboalkoxy (also called alkoxycarbonyl), carboxamido (also called alkylaminocarbonyl), cyano, carbonyl, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, alkylthio, sulfoxide, sulfone, acylamino, amidino, phenyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, heteroaryloxy, benzoyl, halobenzoyl, or lower alkylhydroxy.

[0026] The term "halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

[0027] All numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless expressly indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches.

[0028] All ranges disclosed herein include the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., the range "up to and including 25% by weight, more specifically 5% to 20% by weight" includes the endpoints and all intermediate values ​​of the range, including, for example, "5% to 25% by weight"). As used herein, reference to "about" a value or parameter includes (and describes) embodiments that relate to the value or parameter itself. The term "about" can also include ±10%, ±5%, or ±1% of the indicated amount.

[0029] "At least one of," when used herein in connection with a list, means that the list includes not only each element individually, but also combinations of two or more elements of the list, and combinations of at least one element of the list with any similar elements not specified.

[0030] "Combination" includes blends, mixtures, reaction products, and the like. Singular articles also indicate plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the articles "a," "an," and "the," as used herein, do not denote a limitation of quantity and should be construed to include both the singular and the plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.

[0031] "Or" means "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0032] In addition to the RMDA and organic polymer, polymer compositions suitable for use in the methods disclosed herein may further include at least one stabilizer or co-additive, which are further described below.

[0033] The rotomolding method for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition on the walls of the mold; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold. Similarly, the polymer composition for producing hollow articles by rotomolding includes: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof.

[0034] The organic polymer may be any organic polymer suitable for rotational molding. For example, the organic polymer may be polyolefins, thermoplastic olefins (TPO), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), polyesters, polyethers, polyketones, polyamides, natural and synthetic rubbers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutyl acrylates, polyacetals, polyacrylonitriles, polybutadienes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose polymers, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylenes ... The crosslinked epoxy resin may be at least one of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, and aromatic glycidyl ethers crosslinked with acid anhydrides or amines, polysiloxanes, Michael addition polymers, addition polymers of amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, addition polymers of ketimines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, and polyketimines.

[0035] In any or all embodiments, the organic polymer comprises a thermoplastic resin, such as at least one polyolefin, polyolefin copolymer or terpolymer, polyamide, copolyamide, polyester, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, or poly(vinyl chloride).

[0036] In any or all of the embodiments, the organic polymer comprises at least one of a polyamide or a copolyamide. The polyamide or copolyamide is derived from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, an aminocarboxylic acid, or the corresponding lactam. The polyamide may be an aromatic polyamide prepared, for example, from m-xylenediamine and adipic acid, or a polyamide prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid (with or without an elastomer as a modifier), for example, poly(2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide) or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide. The polyamide or copolyamide may be a block copolymer of the aforementioned polyamide with a polyolefin, an olefin copolymer, an ionomer, or a chemically bonded or grafted elastomer, or a polyether, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetramethylene glycol. The polyamides or copolyamides can be modified with EPDM or ABS, or with polyamides that form during processing (reaction injection molding, or RIM, polyamide compositions).

[0037] In any or all of the embodiments, the organic polymeric material can include a polyolefin. The polyolefin may be, for example, at least one of a polymer of monoolefins and diolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyisoprene, or polybutadiene; a polymer or copolymer of a cycloolefin, such as cyclopentene or norbornene; a polyethylene, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE), (ULDPE), or crosslinked polyethylene; a copolymer of monoolefins and diolefins with unsaturated monomers, such as vinyl monomers or (meth)acrylic monomers; or a mixture of any of the above mentioned polymers or copolymers, such as a mixture of polypropylene and polyisobutylene, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene (e.g. PP / HDPE, PP / LDPE), or a mixture of different types of polyethylene (e.g. LDPE / HDPE). The diolefin may be, for example, butadiene, isoprene, ethylidene norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, or vinyl norbornene. Other unsaturated monomers may include, for example, styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, glycidyl methacrylate, or maleic anhydride. Thus, the polyolefin may include, for example, at least one of polyethylene or polypropylene. The polyolefin may also include at least one of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0038] Polyolefins can be prepared by radical polymerization (at high pressure and high temperature) or catalytic polymerization using catalysts that usually contain one or more metals of groups IVb, Vb, VIb, or VIII of the periodic table. These metals usually have one or more ligands, typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls, and / or aryls, which can be either p- or s-coordinated. These metal complexes can be in free form or fixed on substrates, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina, or silicon oxide. These catalysts can be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalysts can be used alone in the polymerization or additional activators can be used, such as, for example, metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides, or metal alkoxides, where the metals are elements of groups Ia, IIa, and / or IIIa of the periodic table. An example of an activator is an aluminoxane. The activators may be modified with ester, ether, amine, or silyl ether groups. These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene, or single-site catalysts (SSC). Each catalyst / activator system imparts a different microstructure to the polyolefin, such as the degree of polymer branching, branch length, molecular weight distribution, polymer density, end group type, and catalyst residue. In any of the embodiments, the polyolefin may include polyethylene prepared by catalytic polymerization using a metallocene catalyst.

[0039] In any or all of the embodiments, the RMDA can be at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol according to formula (I): R-(OCHR 1 CH2) y -OH (I) (Wherein, R is C 12 ~C 60 R is hydrocarbyl; 1is H or C1-C4 alkyl; y is an integer from 1 to 100. 12 ~C 60 Hydrocarbyl, preferably C 12 ~C 25 Hydrocarbyl, C 12 ~C 22 Hydrocarbyl, or C 12 ~C 18 R is a hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as -NH-, O, or S. 1 R is H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H, methyl, ethyl, or a combination containing at least one of H, methyl, and ethyl. 1 When R is H, the fatty alcohol is said to be "ethoxylated." 1 is methyl, the fatty alcohol is said to be "propoxylated." The alkoxylated fatty alcohol of formula (I) may be a mixture of ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, or an alcohol having ethoxylate and propoxylate blocks that is both ethoxylated and propoxylated, or an alcohol that is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The letter "y" is the "degree of alkoxylation" and is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 75, 2 to 25, or 2 to 12.

[0040] In any or all of the embodiments, the RMDA may be at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ether according to formula (Ia): R-(OCH2CH2) y -OH (Ia) (Wherein, R is C 12 ~C 60 and y is an integer from 2 to 60. R and "y" are defined as in formula (I).

[0041] In any or all of the embodiments of formula (I) and (Ia), R may be derived from a fatty alcohol having the same number of carbon atoms. 12 ~C 60 These are aliphatic alcohols, optionally unsaturated or polyunsaturated, and optionally hydroxyl substituted. They can be obtained from natural sources or from petrochemicals. For example, C 12 ~C 14 Fatty alcohols can be obtained from coconut oil, C 16 ~C 18 Fatty alcohols can be obtained from palm kernel oil, C 12 ~C 14 Fatty alcohols can be obtained from rapeseed oil or mustard seed oil. These naturally occurring oils are triglycerides (esters) of fatty acids. Fatty acids are produced industrially by hydrolysis of the triglycerides to remove glycerol. They can also be produced industrially from petroleum feedstocks by hydrocarboxylation of alkenes.

[0042] Fatty alcohols can be produced from fatty acids by catalytic hydrogenation, e.g., suspension hydrogenation, gas phase hydrogenation, or trickle bed hydrogenation. Synthetic fatty alcohols can also be obtained by oligomerization of ethylene (Ziegler process) followed by air oxidation to produce even-numbered fatty alcohols, or by the oxo process (hydroformylation) and hydrogenation to produce odd-numbered fatty alcohols. In the oxo process, alkenes are reacted with synthesis gas (a mixture of H2 / CO) in the presence of a catalyst to form aldehydes, which are then hydrogenated to form fatty alcohols.

[0043] A variation of the OXO process is the Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP), in which ethylene is oligomerized and metathesis-produced to produce C 12 ~C 18 α-Olefins and C 11 ~C 14Internal olefins are produced which are then hydroformylated and hydrogenated. In a subsequent step, the fatty alcohols are alkoxylated to give alkoxylated fatty alcohols.

[0044] C 12 ~C 60 The aliphatic alcohol may be a primary, secondary, straight chain, branched, or cyclic alcohol. 12 ~C 60Aliphatic alcohols include, for example, 1-dodecanol, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 1-nonadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol, 1-tetracosanol, 1-hexacosanol, 1-octacosanol, 1-triacontanol, 2-methyl-1-undecanol, 2-propyl-1-nonanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-tridecanol, 2-Ethyl-1-dodecanol, 2-propyl-1-undecanol, 2-butyl-1-decanol, 2-pentyl-1-nonanol; 2-hexyl-1-octanol; 2-methyl-1-pentadecanol; 2-ethyl-1-tetradecanol, 2-propyl-1-tridecanol, 2-butyl-1-dodecanol, 2-pentyl-1-undecanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-heptyl-1-decanol, 2-hexyl-1-nonanol, 2-octyl-1-octanol, 2-methyl 1-Heptyl-1-Heptadecanol, 2-Ethyl-1-Hexadecanol, 2-Propyl-1-Pentadecanol, 2-Butyl-1-Tetradecanol, 1-Pentyl-1-Tridecanol, 2-Hexyl-1-Dodecanol, 2-Octyl-1-Decanol, 2-Nonyl-1-Nonanol, 2-Dodecanol, 3-Dodecanol, 4-Dodecanol, 5-Dodecanol, 6-Dodecanol, 2-Tetradecanol, 3-Tetradecanol, 4-Tetradecanol, 5-Tetradecanol, 6-Tetradecanol nol, 7-tetradecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 3-hexadecanol, 4-hexadecanol, 5-hexadecanol, 6-hexadecanol, 7-hexadecanol, 8-hexadecanol, 2-octadecanol, 3-octadecanol, 4-octadecanol, 5-octadecanol, 6-octadecanol, 7-octadecanol, 8-octadecanol, 9-octadecanol, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1-heptanol, 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1-nonanol;3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1-octanol, 3-butyl-1-nonanol, 3-butyl-1-undecanol, 3-hexyl-1-undecanol, 3-hexyl-1-tridecanol, 3-octyl-1-tridecanol, 2-methyl-2-undecanol, 3-methyl-3-undecanol, 4-methyl-4-undecanol, 2-methyl-2-tridecanol, 3-methyl-3- tridecanol, 4-methyl-3-tridecanol, 4-methyl-4-tridecanol, 3-ethyl-3-decanol, 3-ethyl-3-dodecanol, 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2-nonanol, 2-methyl-3-undecanol, 2-methyl-4-undecanol, 4-methyl-2-undecanol, 5-methyl-2-undecanol, 4-ethyl-2-decanol, 4-ethyl-3-decanol, or mixtures thereof;

[0045] The alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alkyl alcohol. In any of the embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurel alcohol, C 12 ~C 13 Alcohol, C. 12 ~C 14 Secondary alcohol, C 12 ~C 15 Oxo alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, C 16 / C 18 Alkyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, docosyl alcohol, or saturated linear C 20 ~C 50 The alkoxylated fatty alcohols are at least one of the ethoxylated and propoxylated C 12 ~C 30 Alcohol or C having 2 to 5 ethylene oxide repeating units 12 ~C 15 It may be an alcohol.

[0046] Alkoxylated fatty alcohols are readily available under a variety of trade names from many suppliers. Trade names and suppliers include BRIJ™ (Croda, Snaith, UK), LEUNAPON™ (Vantage Leuna GmbH, Leuna, Germany), JEECOL™ (Jeen International Corp.), NOVEL™ (Sasol Olefins & Surfactants, Hamburg, Germany), UNITHOX™ (BakerHughes, Houston, TX), GENAPOL™ (Clariant, Muttenz, Switzerland), and HETOXOL™ (Global Seven, Rockaway, NJ). Alkoxylated fatty alcohols can be in any form (liquid, semi-solid, solid, flake, tablet), although solid and semi-solid forms are preferred.

[0047] Commercially available examples of alkoxylated fatty alcohols include BRIJ™ S2 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), BRIJ™ S3 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 3 moles of ethylene oxide), LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 55 moles of ethylene oxide), and LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 55 moles of ethylene oxide). 16 / C 18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate), Laureth-2 (2-dodecyloxyethanol), Steareth-5 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 5 moles of ethylene oxide), JEECOL™ SA-10 (stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 10 moles of ethylene oxide), JEECOL™ LA-2 (Laureth-2, dodecyl alcohol ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), JEECOL™ LA-4 (Laureth-4, dodecyl alcohol ethoxylate with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), BRIJ™ 93 (oleyl alcohol ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), NOVEL™ 22-4 (docosyl alcohol ethoxylate with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), NOVEL™ 23E2 (C12, C12, C22, C32, C42, C41 ...12 ~C 13 alcohol ethoxylate), GENAPOL™ EP2525 (C 12 ~C 15 oxo alcohol ethoxylate / propoxylate), GENAPOL™ EP2552 (C 5 moles of ethylene oxide and 2 moles of propylene oxide) 12 ~C 15 Oxoalcohol ethoxylate / propoxylate), TERGITOL™ 15-S-3 (C 12 ~C 14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate, available from Dow, Midland, MI), UNITHOX™ 420 (a saturated linear C 20 ~C 50 synthetic alcohol ethoxylate), and HETOXOL™ OL-4 (oleyl alcohol ethoxylate with 4 moles of ethylene oxide).

[0048] In any or all of the embodiments, the RMDA may be at least one alkoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (II): [ka] (In the formula, R 6 is C 11 ~C 59 R' is H or C1-C4 alkyl; and y is an integer from 1 to 100. In any or all embodiments, the RMDA may be at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (IIa): [ka] (In the formula, R 7 is C 11 ~C 29 Hydrocarbyl, preferably C 11 ~C 24 Hydrocarbyl, C 11 ~C 21Hydrocarbyl, or C 11 ~C 17 is hydrocarbyl, R 6 and R 7 Both may be optionally substituted with hydroxyl and may be optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as -NH-, O, or S. 1 R is H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H, methyl, ethyl, or a combination containing at least one of H, methyl, and ethyl. 1 When R is H, the fatty alcohol is said to be "ethoxylated." 1 is methyl, the fatty alcohol is said to be "propoxylated." The alkoxylated fatty alcohol of formula (I) may be a mixture of ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, or an alcohol having ethoxylate and propoxylate blocks that is both ethoxylated and propoxylated, or an alcohol that is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The letter "y" is the "degree of alkoxylation" and is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 75, 2 to 25, or 2 to 12.

[0049] In any or all of the embodiments of formula (II) and (IIa), R 6 and R 7 Each of the fatty acids may be derived from a fatty acid having one more carbon atom, i.e., from a fatty acid having the same number of carbon atoms as RC(O)-. 12 ~C 60 , C 12 ~C 30 , C 12 ~C 22 , or C 12 ~C 18 These are aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula C, which may be optionally unsaturated or polyunsaturated and may be optionally hydroxyl substituted. They may be obtained from natural sources or from petrochemicals. For example, 12 / C 14Fatty acids can be obtained from coconut oil and palm kernel oil, C 16 / C 18 Fatty acids can be obtained from palm oil and tallow. These naturally occurring fats and oils are triglycerides (esters) of fatty acids. Fatty acids are produced industrially by hydrolysis of triglycerides to remove glycerol. They can also be produced by hydrocarboxylation of alkenes. In a subsequent step, the fatty acids are alkoxylated to give alkoxylated fatty esters. For example, fatty acids can be ethoxylated by reaction with ethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol.

[0050] The alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alkyl alcohol. In any of the embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurate, C 16 ~C 18 The alkoxylated fatty esters are at least one of alkanoate, stearate, oleate, or tallowate. Alkoxylated fatty esters are also readily available under a variety of trade names from a number of suppliers. Trade names and suppliers include LEUNAPON™ (Vantage Leuna, Leuna, Germany) and PEGOSPERSE™ (Croda, Snaith, UK). Alkoxylated fatty esters include, for example, PEGOSPERSE™ 100L (PEG-2 laurate, diethylene glycol monolaurate), LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 (polyethylene glycol C with 55 moles of ethylene oxide), PEGOSPERSE™ 100L (PEG-2 laurate, diethylene glycol monolaurate), LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 (polyethylene glycol C with 55 moles of ethylene oxide), PEGOSPERSE™ 100L (PEG-2 laurate, diethylene glycol monolaurate), PEGOSPERSE™ F1618-55 (polyethylene glycol C with 55 moles of ethylene oxide ... 16 ~C 18monoalkanoate), PEGOSPERSE™ 50-MS (ethylene glycol monostearate), PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S or BRIJ™ S2 (diethylene glycol monostearate), PEGOSPERSE™ 400-MS (PEG-8 stearate, a polyethylene glycol monostearate with 8 moles of ethylene oxide), polyethylene glycol monolaurate, diethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol monotallowate, or polyethylene glycol ricinoleate.

[0051] In any or all embodiments, the RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated fatty amine according to formula (III): R 4 -NR 2 R 3 (III), or Alkoxylated fatty amides according to formula (IV): [ka] (R of formula (III) 4 is C8~C 60 R of formula (IV) is hydrocarbyl. 5 is C7~C 59 R in formula (III) and formula (IV) are each optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms. 2 and R 3 are each independently H, C1 to C 30 Alkyl, or -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H; R of formula (III) and formula (IV) 2 or R 3 At least one of the following is -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H;R 1 is H or methyl; each n is independently an integer from 1 to 100. It may be.

[0052] In any or all of the embodiments of the alkoxylated fatty amine of formula (III), R 4 is C8~C 60 Alkyl, preferably C8-C 36 Alkyl or C 12 ~C 30 R may be alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as -NH-, O, or S, and may be optionally substituted with hydroxyl. 1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably H, methyl, ethyl, or a combination comprising at least one of H, methyl, and ethyl. In any or all embodiments of the alkoxylated fatty amide of formula (IV), R 5 is C7~C 59 Alkyl, preferably C7-C 35 Alkyl, preferably C 11 ~C 29 In any or all embodiments, R in formula (III) may be alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms. 4 is C8~C 36 R in formula (IV) may be alkyl. 5 is C7~C 35 In any or all embodiments, R in formula (III) may be alkyl, either of which may be optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms. 4 is C 12 ~C 30 R in formula (IV) may be alkyl. 5 is C 11 ~C 29 It may be alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms.

[0053] For compounds of formula (III) and (IIIa), the letter "n" is the "degree of alkoxylation" and is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 75, 2 to 25, or 2 to 12. 2 and R 3 Both are independently -(CH2CHR 1 O) n -H, then R2 and R 3 and R 2 and R 3 "n" in the combination with may similarly be an integer from 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 75, 2 to 25, or 2 to 12. For example, the alkoxylated fatty amine or amide may have 2 moles of ethylene oxide, or 5 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide. In any or all of the embodiments of the alkoxylated fatty amine of formula (III) and the alkoxylated fatty amide of formula (IV), each "n" may independently be an integer from 1 to 10.

[0054] In any or all embodiments, the RMDA may be at least one of ethoxylated and / or propoxylated stearylamine, oleylamine, tallowamine, hydrogenated tallowamine, cetylamine, caprylamine, or cocoamine. Alkoxylated fatty amines are also readily available under a variety of trade names from a number of suppliers. Trade names and suppliers include TOMAMINE™ (Air Products and Chemicals, Allentown, PA), ETHOMEEN™ (Akzo Nobel, Amsterdam, Netherlands), and GENAMIN™ (Clariant, Muttenz, Switzerland). Commercially available examples of alkoxylated fatty amines include FENTACARE™ 1802 (Solvay N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)octadecylamine), TOMAMINE™ ET-2 (bis(2-hydroxyethyl)tallowamine), TOMAMINE™ E-17-5 (isotridecyloxypropylamine ethoxylate with 5 moles of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 12 (cocoalkylamine ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 25 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 35 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 45 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 55 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 65 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 85 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 95 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 10 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 12 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 16 (ethylene oxide ethoxylate with 1 mole of ethylene oxide), ETHOMEEN™ C / 10 ... GENAMIN™ S020 (cetyl / stearylamine ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), GENAMIN™ S080 (cetyl / stearylamine ethoxylate with 8 moles of ethylene oxide), GENAMIN™ O020 (oleylamine ethoxylate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide), and GENAMIN™ O080 (oleylamine ethoxylate with 8 moles of ethylene oxide).

[0055] In any or all embodiments, the RMDA may be at least one of cocoamide monoethanolamine, cocoamide diethanolamine, cocoamide ethoxylate, lauramide diethanolamine, oleamide diethanolamine, or oleic acid monoethanolamide. Alkoxylated fatty amides are also readily available under a variety of trade names from a number of suppliers. Trade names and suppliers include PROTAMIDE™ (Protameen Chemicals, Totowa, NJ) and SERDOX™ (Elementis Specialties, East Windsor, NJ). The alkoxylated fatty amides can be, for example, cocoamide monoethanolamine (PROTAMIDE™ CME), cocoamide diethanolamine (PROTAMIDE™ HCA-A), lauramide diethanolamine (PROTAMIDE™ L80-M), oleamide monoethanolamine, oleamide diethanolamine, oleamide diethanolamine further ethoxylated with 3 moles of ethylene oxide (SERDOX™ NXC-3), or further ethoxylated and / or propoxylated derivatives of any of these alkoxylated fatty amides.

[0056] In any or all of the embodiments of the alkoxylated fatty amine of formula (III), R 4 can be derived from a fatty acid having the same number of carbon atoms, and in any or all of the embodiments of the alkoxylated fatty amide of formula (IIIa), R 5 can be derived from a fatty acid having one more carbon atom, i.e., a fatty acid having the same number of carbon atoms as RC(O)-. 60It is an aliphatic carboxylic acid, which may be optionally unsaturated or polyunsaturated. Fatty acids are mainly produced industrially by hydrolysis of triglycerides with removal of glycerol or by hydrocarboxylation of alkenes. Fatty amides can be produced from fatty acids by amidation with ammonia or primary or secondary amines. Fatty amines can be produced from fatty acids by the nitrile process, in which fatty acids are reacted with ammonia and the resulting amides are dehydrated to give fatty nitriles. Fatty amines are obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of fatty nitriles in the presence of excess ammonia in the presence of Raney nickel, cobalt or copper chromite catalysts. In a subsequent step, the fatty amines are alkoxylated to give alkoxylated fatty amines.

[0057] The number average molecular weight of RMDA ranges from about 200 to about 5,000 g / mol, more preferably from about 200 to about 4,000 g / mol. In this example, the total amount of RMDA was 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1, or 2 wt.% based on the weight of the polymer composition. However, depending on the type of light stabilizer, the polymeric organic material, and the degree of stabilization desired, the amount of RMDA may be 0.001 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt.%, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt.%, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0058] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further include an organic phosphite or phosphonite. The phosphite or phosphonite may be at least one of the following: i) A compound according to any of formulas (1) to (7): [ka] [ka] (In the formula, The subscripts are integers, n is 2, 3, or 4; p is 1 or 2; q is 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, or 3; z is 1 to 6; A1 is C2 to C when n or q is 2. 18 Alkylene; C2-C with oxygen, sulfur, or -NR4- 12 Alkylene, formula: [ka] or phenylene; A1 is a group of the formula -C when n or q is 3. r H 2r-1 - is a divalent radical, and r is an integer from 4 to 12; A1 is when n is 4. [ka] and B is a direct bond, -CH2-, -CHR4-, -CR1R4-, sulfur, C5-C7 cycloalkylidene, or cyclohexylidene substituted with 1-4 C1-C4 alkyl radicals at the 3-, 4-, and / or 5-positions; D1 is C1-C4 alkyl when p is 1, and is -CH2OCH2- when p is 2; D2 is C1-C4 alkyl; E is C1 to C when y is 1 18 alkyl, -OR1, or halogen; E is -O-A2-O- when y is 2, where A2 is as defined for A1 when n is 2; E is a radical of formula R4C(CH2O-)3 or N(CH2CH2O-)3 when y is 3; Q is a radical of a mono- or polyalcohol or phenol having a valence of at least z, which radical is attached to the phosphorus atom via an oxygen atom of an OH group of the mono- or polyalcohol or phenol; R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a C1-C substituted or unsubstituted halogen, -COOR4, -CN, or -CONR4R4. 18 Alkyl; C2-C with oxygen, sulfur or -NR4- 18Alkyl; C7-C9 phenyl alkyl; C5-C 12 cycloalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl; naphthyl or phenyl substituted with halogen, one to three alkyl or alkoxy radicals having a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or with C7 to C9 phenylalkyl; or [ka] (wherein m is an integer ranging from 3 to 6); R4 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C5-C 12 cycloalkyl or C7-C9 phenylalkyl; R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; R7 and R8, when q is 2, are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl or together a 2,3-dehydropentamethylene radical; R7 and R8, when q is 3, are each methyl; R 14 each instance is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C9 alkyl, or cyclohexyl; R 15 each instance is independently selected from hydrogen or methyl; X and Y are each a direct bond or oxygen; Z is a direct bond, methylene, -C(R 16 )2-, or sulfur; R 16 is C1-C8 alkyl; or ii) Trisarylphosphites according to formula 8: [ka] (In the formula, R 17 are substituents present at positions 0 to 5 of the aromatic ring of formula 8, each independently being a C1 to C 20 Alkyl, C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl, C4-C 20 Alkylcycloalkyl, C6-C 10Aryl or C7-C 20 alkylaryl).

[0059] The phosphite or phosphonite may be, for example, at least one of the following: triphenyl phosphite, Diphenyl alkyl phosphite, Phenyl dialkyl phosphite, Trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, Distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), Tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, A compound of formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (J), (K), or (L): [ka] [ka] [ka] ; 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol phosphite, Bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4-di-cumylphenol phosphite, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol phosphite, or Bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite.

[0060] In any or all of the embodiments, the phosphite or phosphonite may be at least one of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite (DOVERPHOS™ S9228), tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylene-diphosphite (IRGAFOS™ P-EPQ), tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, or distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite. In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise from 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably from 0.005 to 3 wt. %, more preferably from 0.01 to 1 wt. %, of an organic phosphite or phosphonite, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0061] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition can further include a hindered phenol. The hindered phenol can have at least one group according to formula (IVa), (IVb), or (IVc): [ka] (In the formula, [ka] indicates the point of attachment of the molecular fragment to the parent compound (via a carbon-carbon single bond); R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 18 is independently hydrogen or C1-4 hydrocarbyl; Each R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 19 and R 20 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 20 is a hydrocarbyl; R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 37 is C1~C 12 (hydrocarbyl).

[0062] For example, R 18 and R 37 may each independently be methyl or tert-butyl.

[0063] The hindered phenol may be at least one of any of the following hindered phenols classified by chemical species: a) Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol or 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol. b) Alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, or 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol. c) Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2,2'-thiobis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis-(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), or 4,4'-thiobis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol). d) alkylidene bisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'- Methylenebis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis-(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis-[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), rt-Butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane, 2,6-bis-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane, 1,1-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane, -hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis-[3,3-bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrate], bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadiene, or bis-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate. e) benzyl compounds, such as 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate, bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithiol terephthalate, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, monoethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate Ca salt, or 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate. f) Acylaminophenols, such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, 2,4-bis-(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazine, or octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbamate. g) Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, or N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxamide. h) Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxamide. i) Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxamide. j) Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionyl)-hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamine, and N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazine.

[0064] In any of the embodiments, the hindered phenol is, for example, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (ETHANOX™ 330), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 314), 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl) -3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate (CYANOX® 1790), dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, octadecanol (IRGANOX® 1076), 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycol, pentaerythritol (IRGANOX® 1010), tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and esters of N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, It may be one of the following: esters with ritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylenediamine, or N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamine.

[0065] In any of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise 0.001 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.005 to 2 wt %, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt %, of a hindered phenol, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0066] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further include a basic co-additive. The basic co-additive is also referred to in the art as an "acid scavenger". The basic co-additive may be a nitrogen-containing organic compound, such as an amine, a hydrazine derivative, a urea derivative, a polyamide, or a polyurethane. Specific examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds include dicyandiamide, melamine, triallyl cyanurate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The basic co-additive may be a metal salt of a carboxylic acid or a phenol, such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, magnesium behenate, sodium ricinoleate, calcium lactate, potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate, or zinc pyrocatecholate. The basic co-additive may be a basic inorganic compound, such as zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite. In any or all of the embodiments, the basic co-additive may be at least one of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite. In any of the embodiments, the polymer composition may include 0.001 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.005 to 2 wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt%, of a basic co-additive based on the weight of the polymer composition. For example, in any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may include 0.01 to 1 wt% of at least one of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite. In any or all of the embodiments, the at least one basic co-additive may be zinc stearate.

[0067] The polymer composition may further comprise at least one stabilizer or other co-additive, as further described below. Thus, in any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise at least one tocopherol, tocopherol ester, hydroxylamine, tertiary amine oxide, hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), ultraviolet light absorber (UVA), hindered benzoate, thiosynergist, benzofuranone, indolinone, nitrone, or nickel phenolate, in an amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0068] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further include a tocopherol. The tocopherol may be at least one of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, or an ester thereof. The tocopherol ester may be at least one of α-tocopherol acetate, α-tocopherol acid succinate, or α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. The tocopherol may include, for example, α-tocopherol (vitamin E). The tocopherol may also include α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E acetate).

[0069] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise at least one hydroxylamine or tertiary amine oxide. The hydroxylamine may be at least one compound according to formula (VIII): [ka] (In the formula, T1 is C1~C 36 Hydrocarbyl, C5-C 12 cycloalkyl, or C7-C9 aralkyl, which may be optionally substituted; T2 is hydrogen or T1).

[0070] The tertiary amine oxide may be at least one compound according to formula (IX): [ka] (In the formula, W1 and W2 each independently represent a linear or branched C6-C 36 Alkyl, C6-C 12 Aryl, C7-C 36 Aralkyl, C7~C 36 Alkaryl, C5~C 36 Cycloalkyl, C6-C 36 Alkylcycloalkyl, and C6-C 36 cycloalkylalkyl; W3 is C1~C 36 Straight or branched chain C1-C 36 Alkyl, C6-C 12 Aryl, C7-C 36 Aralkyl, C7~C 36 Alkaryl, C5~C 36 Cycloalkyl, C6-C 36 Alkylcycloalkyl, and C6-C 36 Although cycloalkylalkyl; provided that at least one of W1, W2, and W3 contains a β carbon-hydrogen bond; The alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl groups may be interrupted by 1 to 16 -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CO-, -NW4-, -CONW4-, or -NW4CO- groups, and may be interrupted by 1 to 16 -OW4, -SW4, -COOW4, -OCOW4, -COW4, -N(W4)2, -CON(W4)2, -NW4COW4, or -C(CH3)(CH2R x )NL(CH2R x )(CH3)C-groups, or may be both inserted and substituted with the above groups; (In the formula, W4 is hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl; Rx is hydrogen or methyl; L is C1~C 30 Alkyl, -C(O)R (R is C1-C 30 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group of the formula: -OR(R is C1~C 30 is a straight or branched chain alkyl; The aryl group may be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen, C1 to C8 alkyl, or C1 to C8 alkoxy.

[0071] The compound according to formula (VIII) may be an N,N-dihydrocarbylhydroxylamine, where T1 and T2 are each independently benzyl, ethyl, octyl, lauryl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, or an alkyl mixture of hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0072] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise at least one of N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-didodecylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-tetradecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-heptadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, or N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042). The hydroxylamine may be, for example, N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042). In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may comprise a di(C 14 ~C 24 ) alkylmethylamine oxide (GENOX™ EP).

[0073] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS). The hindered amine light stabilizer has at least one functional group according to formula (II): [ka] (In the formula, R 31 is hydrogen, OH, C1-C 20 Hydrocarbyl, -CHCN, C1-C 12 Acyl or C1-C 18 is alkoxy; R 38 is hydrogen or C1-C8 hydrocarbyl; R 29 , R 30 , R 32 and R 33 are each independently C1 to C 20 hydrocarbyl or R 29 and R 30 and / or R 32 and R 33 are C5 to C6 together with the carbon to which they are attached. 10 forming a cycloalkyl; or At least one functional group according to formula (IIa): [ka] (In the formula, m is an integer from 1 to 2; R 39 is hydrogen, OH, C1-C 20 Hydrocarbyl, -CHCN, C1-C 12 Acyl or C1-C 18 is alkoxy; G1 to G4 are each independently C1 to C 20 (hydrocarbyl) may include.

[0074] Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are, for example, Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate (TINUVIN® 770);Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate;Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate;Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate (TINUVIN® 123);Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate ester;Condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid;2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate;2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane;1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate;1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane;N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2, Condensation products with 6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)nitrilotriacetate;4-Benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;4-Stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate;3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dioxide Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) sebacate;Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate;Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;Methylated condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2-Chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane condensation products;2-Chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane condensation products;8-Acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione;3-Dodecyl- 1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;3-Dodecyl-1-(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;3-Dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;Mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;4-Hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine Mixture of lysines;Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;Condensation products of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;2-Undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane;Oxo-piperandinyl- riazine;7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane, reaction products with epichlorohydrin;1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl tridecyl ester;1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl tridecyl ester;Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate;Tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate;1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane-3,9-diethanol, polymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl ester;1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]- Polymer with undecane-3,9-diethanol, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl ester;Bis(1-undecanoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate;1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperdinol;1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;1-(4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol;1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol;Reaction products of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol with dimethyl succinate;2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diazadispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosan-21-one;Esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol with higher fatty acids 3-Dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, polymers with 1-octadecyl, (1-methylethenyl)benzene and 1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione;1,1',1''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tolyl-tris[(cyclohexylimino)-2,1-ethanediyl]]tris[3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-one];1,1',1''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris[(cyclohexylimino)-2,1-ethanediyl]]tris[3,3,4,5,5-pentamethylpiperazin-2-one];Reaction products of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane with epichlorohydrin;N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3, Condensation products of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;Condensation products of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3 -aminopropylamino)ethane;Condensation products of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane;2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4,6-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-1,3,5-triazine;Propanedioic acid, [(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl) 1-[2-[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy]ethyl]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl ester;1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-N'-dodecyloxalamide;1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-N'-dodecyloxalamide;1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-N'-dodecyloxalamide;1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-nitrilotriacetate;1,5-Dioxaspiro{5,5}undecane-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl);1,5-Dioxaspiro{5,5}undecane-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl);1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine;Condensation products of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-21-oxo-7-oxa-3,20-diazaspiro(5.1.11.2)-heneicosane-20-propanoic acid dodecyl ester and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-21-oxo-7-oxa-3,20-diazaspiro(5.1.11.2)-heneicosane-20-propanoic acid dodecyl ester tetramethyl-21-oxo-7-oxa-3,20-diazaspiro(5.1.11.2)-heneicosane-20-propanoic acid tetradecyl ester;1H,4H,5H,8H-2,3a,4a,6,7a,8a-hexaazacyclopenta[def]fluorene-4,8-dione, hexahydro-2,6-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl);polymer Polymethyl[propyl-3-oxy(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-4,4'-piperidinyl)]siloxane; Polymethyl[propyl-3-oxy(1',2',2',6',6'-pentamethyl-4,4'-piperidinyl)]siloxane; Copolymer of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acrylate; Mix C; 20 ~C 24Copolymers of α-olefins with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinimide;1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl);1,1'-1,10-Dioxo-1,10-decanediyl)-bis(hexahydro-2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylpyrimidine;Ethanediamide, N-(1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)-N'-dodecyl;Formamide, N,N'-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)] di-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-(UVINUL™ 4050); d-glucitol, 1,3:2,4-bis-O-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinylidene)-; 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane; propanamide, 2-methyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-; 7-oxa-3,20-diazadispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane-20-propanoic acid, 2,2, 4,4-Tetramethyl-21-oxo-, dodecyl ester;N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-β-aminopropionic acid dodecyl ester;N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'-aminooxalamide;N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-propanamide;3-dodecyl-1- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; 3-dodecyl-1-(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate; Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate 4-Benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;4-Stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5- Di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate;3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione;Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate;Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate;8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]Decane-2,4-dione;3-Dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;3-Dodecyl-1-(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;3-Dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;2-Undecyl- 7,7,9,9-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane;1,5-Dioxaspiro{5,5}undecane-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester;1,5-Dioxaspiro{5,5}undecane-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester;N. 1 -(β-Hydroxyethyl)-3,3-pentamethylene-5,5-dimethylpiperazin-2-one;N 1 -tert-Octyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-diazepin-2-one;N 1 -tert-Octyl-3,3-pentamethylene-5,5-hexamethylenediazepin-2-one;N 1 -tert-Octyl-3,3-pentamethylene-5,5-dimethyl-piperazin-2-one;trans-1,2-cyclohexane-bis-(N 1 -5,5-Dimethyl-3,3-pentamethylene-piperazin-2-one; trans-1,2-cyclohexane-bis(N 1 -3,3,5,5-dispiropentamethylene-piperazin-2-one);N 1 -Isopropyl-1,4-diazadispiro-3,3,5,5-pentamethylenepiperazin-2-one;N 1 -Isopropyl-1,4-diazadispiro-3,3-pentamethylene-5,5-tetramethylene-piperazin-2-one;N 1 -Isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-3,3-pentamethylene-piperazin-2-one;trans-1,2-cyclohexane-bis-N 1 -(Dimethyl-3,3-pentamethylene-piperazin-2-one);N 1-Octyl-5,5-dimethyl-3,3-pentamethylene-1,4-diazepin-2-one;N 1 -octyl-1,4-diazadispiro-(3,3,5,5)pentamethylene-1,5-diazepin-2-one; N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(propyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and N-butyl-1-propyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, and di-n-butylamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TINUVIN® NOR HALS 371); N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction product of 3-bromo-1-propene, di-n-butylamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, oxidation, hydrogenation (TINUVIN™ XT 200); TINUVIN™ XT-850 / XT-855; N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (FLAMESTAB™ NOR 116).

[0075] In any or all embodiments, the hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) may be Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 770); Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate; Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 123); Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonate; Condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid (TINUVIN™ 622); 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane; 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 944); Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)nitrilotriacetate; 4-Stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3346); Methylated condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3529); Condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (CHIMASSORB™ 119); Condensation products of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylaminoethane); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 2020); A mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CYASORB™ UV-3853); Mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine; Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Condensation products of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; Tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-4-yl tridecyl ester; 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl tridecyl ester; Formamide, N,N'-1,6-hexanediylbis[N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) (UVINUL™ 4050); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(propyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-1-propyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TINUVIN™ NOR HALS 371); N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction products with 3-bromo-1-propene, di-n-butylamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, oxidation, hydrogenation (TINUVIN™ XT 200); TINUVIN(TM) XT-850 / XT-855); or N 1 ,N 1’ - 1,2-ethanediylbis(1,3-propanediamine), reaction products of cyclohexane with N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine peroxide (FLAMESTAB™ NOR 116) It may be at least one of the following:

[0076] In any of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise an ultraviolet absorbing agent (UVA). The UVA may be, for example, at least one of 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, or benzoxazinone. In any or all of the embodiments, the UVA may be 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine. 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazines are well known in the art. They are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,051,164 and 6,843,939, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0077] In any or all of the embodiments, the 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine may be a compound according to formula (I): [ka] (In the formula, R 34 and R 35 Each of the following is independently C6 to C 10 Aryl group, mono- or di-C1-C 12 Hydrocarbyl-Substituted Amino, C2-C 12 Alkanoyl, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Acyl or C1-C 10 is alkoxyl; C6~C 10 The aryl group has 1 to 3 substitutable positions that are substituted with OH, halogen, C1 to C 12 Alkyl, C1-C 12 Alkoxy, C 1~12 Alkoxy esters, C 2~12 Optionally, the phenyl is substituted with at least one of OH, halogen, C, or alkanoyl, and ... 1~12 Alkyl, C 1~12 Alkoxy, C 1~12 Alkoxy ester, or C 2~12 Optionally substituted with at least one of alkanoyl; Each R 36 are independently OH, halogen, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C1-C 12 Alkoxy, C1-C 12 Alkoxy esters, C2-C 12 Alkanoyl, phenyl or C1-C 12 acyl).

[0078] 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazines include, for example, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (CYASORB® 1164); 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)phenyl]-6- (4-Chlorophenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2, 4-Dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine;2,4-Bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine;2-phenyl-4-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-amyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine 2,4-Bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4(3-benzyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine;2,4-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-n-butyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-di-n-butyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-Bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-nonyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine;Methylenebis{2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine};Mixture of methylene bridged dimers bridged at 3:5', 5:5' and 3:3' positions in a ratio of 5:4:1;2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-isooctyloxycarbonylisopropylideneoxy-phenyl)-s-triazine;2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy-5-α-cumylphenyl)-s-triazine;2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,6-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine;2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butylo 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine; a mixture of 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 400); 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine; 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 1577);

[0079] In any or all embodiments, the 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine is 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 1577), 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (CYASORB™ 1164), 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine, a mixture of 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine and 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 400); 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 405), 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 479), 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 1600), 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-butyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-bis-butyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TRIAZINE® 460), 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine, or 2,4,6-Tris[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 477) It may be at least one of the following:

[0080] In any or all of the embodiments, the UVA may be 2-hydroxybenzophenone. 2-hydroxybenzophenones are well known in the art. They are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,976,259, 3,049,443, and 3,399,169, which are incorporated herein by reference. 2-hydroxybenzophenones include, for example, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (CYASORB® UV-9), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (CYASORB® UV-24), 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone (CYASORB® UV-531), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-di-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy ... Non, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diethoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dipropoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dibutoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-ethoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy 4-methoxy-4'-propoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-butoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-propoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-butoxybenzophenone, 2,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,3'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-butoxybenzophenone, 2- Hydroxy-4,4',5'-trimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4,4',6'-tributoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-butoxy-4',5'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-2',4'-dibutylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-propoxy-4',6'-dichlorobenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-propoxy-4',6'-dibromobenzophenone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-propoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-butoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-ethylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-propylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-butylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-tert-butylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-chlorobenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2'-chlorobenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-bromobenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-3-methylbenzophenone The benzophenone may be at least one of 2-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-2'-ethylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4,4',5'-trimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-ethylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-propylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-butylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-propoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-butoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-chlorobenzophenone, or 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-4'-bromobenzophenone.

[0081] In any or all of the embodiments, the UVA may be 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole. Examples of 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole include 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (TINUVIN® P), 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-5'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-cyclohexylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole (CYASORB® UV-5411), 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, ... 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (CYASORB® UV-2337), 2-(3',5'-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (TINUVIN® 900), 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2,2'-methyl bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol], 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole and polyethylene glycol 300 transesterification product (TINUVIN® 1130), 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-α-cumyl-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (TINUVIN® 326), 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-5'-methyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(5'-methyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, or 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole.

[0082] In any or all of the embodiments, the UVA may be a benzoxazinone. Benzoxazinone is well known in the art. They are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,446,262 and 6,774,232, which are incorporated herein by reference. Benzoxazinone may be, for example, 2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-butyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-(1- or 2-naphthyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-(4-biphenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-p-nitrophenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-m-nitrophenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2- p-benzoylphenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-p-methoxyphenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-O-methoxyphenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-cyclohexyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-p-(or m-)phthalimidophenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, N-phenyl-4-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)phthalimide, N-benzoyl-4-(3,1- benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)aniline, N-benzoyl-N-methyl-4-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)-aniline, 2-[p-(N-phenylcarbamonyl)phenyl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-[p-(N-phenylN-methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2,2'-bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-ethylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) 1,2'-tetramethylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-hexamethylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-decamethylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-p-phenylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) (CYASORB® UV-3638), 2,2'-m-phenylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(4,4'-diphenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(2,6- or 1,5-naphthalene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(2-methyl-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(2-nitro-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(2-chloro-p-phenylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-(1,4-cyclohexylene)bis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), Np-(3,1-benzoxazinic acid) The compound may be at least one of Np-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)phenyl, 4-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)phthalimide, Np-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)benzoyl, 4-(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)aniline, 1,3,5-tri(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)benzene, 1,3,5-tri(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)naphthalene, or 2,4,6-tri(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl)naphthalene.

[0083] For stabilization against the deleterious effects of UV light, it may be advantageous to use a combination of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine and HALS in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 30:1, preferably 3:1 to 20:1. A combination of HALS with at least one of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, or benzoxazinone may also be used.

[0084] In any or all of the embodiments, the light stabilizer comprises a hindered benzoate or benzamide. The hindered benzoate or benzamide may be a compound according to formula (VI): [ka] (In the formula, R 21 and R 22 Each of the following may be independently1~ C 12 is alkyl; T is -O- or -NR 24 - and R 24 is H or C1-C 30 is a hydrocarbyl; R 23 is H or C1-C 30 (hydrocarbyl).

[0085] In any of the embodiments, the hindered benzoate may be 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (TINUVIN® 120), hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (CYASORB® UV-2908), octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, decyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexa ... The hydroxybenzoate may be at least one of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, HALS and hindered benzoate.

[0086] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise a benzofuranone or an indolinone. Suitable benzofuranones and indolinones are described in U.S. Patents 4,325,863, 4,338,244, 5,175,312, 5,216,052, 5,252,643, 5,369,159, 5,488,117, 5,356,966, 5,367,000, 5,389,100, 5,488,117, 5,356,966, 5,367,000, 5,488,117, 5,488,1 ... These are disclosed in German Patent Applications Nos. 08, 5,428,162, 5,428,177 and 5,516,920, German Patent Applications Nos. DE-A-4316611, A-4316622, A-4316876, European Patent Applications Nos. EP-A-0589839 and EP-A-0591102. Benzofuranone or indolinone is, for example, 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, or 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one.

[0087] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition can further include a thiosynergist, which can be an ester of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, an ester of 3-alkylthiopropionic acid, a thioether, or other organosulfur compound. The thiosynergist may be, for example, at least one of dilauryl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, ditridecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis-(3-dodecylthiopropionate), tetraalkylthioethyl thiodisuccinate, 2,12-dihydroxy-4,10-dithia-7-oxatridecamethylene bis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate], 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole zinc salt, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, or dioctadecyl disulfide.

[0088] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition can further comprise a nitrone, which can be at least one of N-benzyl-α-phenyl-nitrone, N-ethyl-α-methyl-nitrone, N-octyl-α-heptyl-nitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecyl-nitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tridecyl-nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecyl-nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecyl-nitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecyl-nitrone, or a nitrone derived from N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine.

[0089] In any or all of the embodiments, the polymer composition may further comprise a co-additive, which may be at least one of a metal chelating agent, a nucleating agent, a filler, a reinforcing agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a compatibilizer, a foaming agent, a flame retardant, an antiblocking agent, a slip agent, an antistatic agent, a metal oxide, an optical brightener, a dye, or a pigment.

[0090] Metal chelating agents are also referred to in the art as "metal deactivators". The metal chelating agent may be, for example, at least one of N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylar-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, or N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

[0091] The nucleating agent may be, for example, talc, barium sulfate, molybdenum (IV) sulfide, sodium benzoate, lithium benzoate, norbornane dicarboxylic acid disodium salt, aluminum hydroxybis(4-tert-butylbenzoate), aluminum hydroxy 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-tert-butylphenyl)]phosphate, sodium di(4-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (NMTBP), dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS), bis(3,4 dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (DMDBS), or bis(p-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol (MDBS).

[0092] The terms "filler" and "reinforcing agent" are used interchangeably in the art. The filler may be, for example, at least one of natural calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), dolomite, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, glass beads, ceramic beads, synthetic silica, natural silica, feldspar, nepheline syenite, aluminum trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, carbon black, wood flour, talc, mica, kaolin, graphite, wollastonite, whiskers, chopped glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, conductive fillers, lubricating fillers, or natural or synthetic organic fillers.

[0093] In a rotomolding process for producing hollow articles, a rotomolding densification enhancer (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof can be used.

[0094] By rotomolding, hollow articles are produced. All the characteristics of the organic polymers and RMDAs in the polymer composition of the rotomolding process described above apply equally to the organic polymers and RMDAs in the polymer composition of the hollow articles.

[0095] In any of the embodiments of the rotational molding process for producing hollow articles, the peak internal air temperature (PIAT) of the mold may be between 70°C and 400°C, preferably between 280°C and 400°C, more preferably between 310°C and 400°C.

[0096] As mentioned above, there are three main physical processes that occur in the polymer particles used in rotomolding: sintering or coalescence, which occurs when the polymer particles are melted to form a continuous phase, densification of the polymer continuous phase, which occurs when bubbles are removed, and crystallization of the polymer, which occurs when cooled. The removal of bubbles and the resulting densification of the polymer continuous phase are an important part of the rotomolding process and affect the physical properties of the parts formed. Advantageously, the use of the present RMDAs reduces microstructural defects such as trapped bubbles by facilitating bubble removal. Thus, in all embodiments, visible bubbles are substantially removed from the hollow article in a shorter time than in a control polymer composition without the RMDA.

[0097] The shorter time may be at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 40%, or at least 50% shorter than the bubble elimination time of a control polymer composition without RMDA. In any or all of the embodiments, the shorter time may be, for example, 5 to 50%, preferably 10 to 40% shorter than the time for bubbles to be substantially eliminated from a control polymer composition without RMDA. The control polymer composition is identical to the polymer composition except for the absence of RMDA. For example, the control polymer composition may have the same organic polymer, the same amount of phosphite or phosphonite, basic co-additive, and hindered phenol as the polymer composition.

[0098] The bubble removal time can be evaluated by examining the cross-section of the hollow article under an optical microscope. The bubble removal is deemed complete when the cross-section is substantially free of bubbles. The phrase "substantially free of bubbles" refers to the time until at least 95% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the hollow article is free of bubbles when viewed under an optical microscope as described herein. The bubble removal time can also be measured by monitoring the density of the hollow article. In this case, a reduction in the bubble removal time can be indicated by a reduction in the time to target density or an increase in density over the same time interval compared to a control polymer composition.

[0099] Because the bubble removal time is proportional to the internal air temperature (IAT) as the IAT is increased in step (b), the method can also provide a reduction in bubble content or an increase in density at a given IAT. The IAT increased with time in Examples 1-7 (Figures 1A-7B).

[0100] In view of the above, a method for reducing the time to remove air bubbles from a polymer composition in a rotomolding process for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition on the walls of the mold, whereby the time for removing air bubbles in step (b) is reduced compared to the time for removing air bubbles in a control polymer composition that does not contain the RMDA, thereby reducing the cycle time of the rotomolding process. The cycle time of the rotomolding process is the elapsed time from the start to the end of the production of a hollow article. The method for reducing the time for removing air bubbles is also a method for reducing the cycle time, since reducing the time for removing air bubbles also reduces the production time of the hollow article.

[0101] The method of reducing the bubble removal time can further widen the processing window. That is, the method can provide a wider time and temperature range in which the optimal properties of the hollow article can be obtained. The optimal properties can include impact strength and color. Thus, a method of widening the processing window in a rotomolding process for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition on the walls of the mold, whereby the processing window is widened compared to a control polymer composition that does not contain RMDA. The control polymer composition is identical to the polymer composition except for the absence of RMDA. For example, the control polymer composition can include the same phosphite or phosphonite, basic co-additive, and hindered phenol in the same amount as the polymer composition.

[0102] The polymeric compositions described herein can be included in a kit. The kit can include single or multiple components, each component selected from the group consisting of organic polymers, RMDAs, organic phosphites or phosphonites, other additives and co-additives described herein, and combinations thereof. Thus, one or more components of the polymeric composition can be in a first container, and one or more other components of the polymeric composition can optionally be in a second or more containers. The containers can be packaged together, and the kit can include administration or mixing instructions on a label or on an insert included in the kit, optionally with a web address or bar code for further information. In addition to the components of the polymeric composition, the kit can include additional functional parts or means for administering or mixing the components, such as a solvent.

[0103] The rotomolding method for producing hollow articles includes the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition on the walls of the mold; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold. Visible air bubbles are substantially removed from the hollow article in a shorter time than a control polymer composition without the RMDA. The organic polymer comprises at least one of polyolefins, polyolefin copolymers or terpolymers, polyamides, copolyamides, polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, or poly(vinyl chloride). The polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt. % of RMDA, based on the weight of the polymer composition. The RMDA may be at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol according to formula (I): R-(OCHR 1 CH2) y -OH (I) (Wherein, R is C 12 ~C 60 R is hydrocarbyl; 1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl; and y is an integer from 1 to 100. The RMDA may be, for example, at least one alkoxylated aliphatic ether according to formula (Ia): R-(OCH2CH2) y -OH (Ia) (Wherein, R is C 12 ~C 60 and y is an integer from 2 to 60. The RMDA may be at least one alkoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (II): [ka] (In the formula, R 6 is C 11 ~C 59 R' is H or C1-C4 alkyl; and y is an integer from 1 to 100. For example, the RMDA may be at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (IIa): [ka] (In the formula, R 7 is C 11 ~C 29 and y is an integer from 2 to 60. The RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated aliphatic amine according to formula (III): R 4 -NR 2 R 3 (III), or Alkoxylated fatty amides according to formula (IV): [ka] (R of formula (III) 4 is C8~C 60 R of formula (IV) is hydrocarbyl. 5 is C7~C 59 R in formula (III) and formula (IV) are each optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms. 2 and R 3 are each independently H, C1 to C 30 Alkyl, or -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H; R of formula (III) and formula (IV) 2 or R 3 At least one of the following is -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H;R 1is H or methyl; each n is independently an integer from 1 to 100). The polymer composition may further comprise 0.001 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.005 to 3 wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt%, of an organic phosphite or phosphonite, based on the weight of the polymer composition. The polymer composition may further comprise 0.001 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.005 to 2 wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt%, of a hindered phenol, based on the weight of the polymer composition. The polymer composition may further comprise 0.01 to 1 wt% of at least one of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite. The polymer composition may further comprise at least one tocopherol, tocopherol ester, hydroxylamine, tertiary amine oxide, hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), ultraviolet light absorber (UVA), hindered benzoate, thiosynergist, benzofuranone, indolinone, nitrone, or nickel phenolate in an amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer composition. A rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof, may be used in a rotomolding process to produce a hollow article. The process produces a hollow article.

[0104] As described herein, the present disclosure includes at least the following embodiments:

[0105] Embodiment 1. A rotomolding process for producing a hollow article, comprising the steps of: a) filling a mold with a polymer composition comprising: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification enhancer (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition over the walls of the mold; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold.

[0106] Embodiment 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein visible air bubbles are substantially removed from the hollow article in a shorter time than in a control polymer composition that does not contain RMDA.

[0107] Embodiment 3. The method of embodiment 2, wherein the shorter time is 5-50%, preferably 10-40% shorter than the time at which air bubbles are substantially removed from a control that does not contain RMDA.

[0108] Embodiment 4. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the peak internal air temperature (PIAT) of the mold is between 70°C and 400°C.

[0109]

[0043] Embodiment 5. The organic polymer is a polyolefin, thermoplastic olefin (TPO), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), polyester, polyether, polyketone, polyamide, natural and synthetic rubber, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyacetal, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose polymer, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, poly, in combination with an unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resin, a coating composition, a radiation curable composition, an epoxy melamine resin, an organic dye, a cosmetic, a cellulosic paper, a photographic film paper, a fiber, a wax, or an ink. 5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of sulfones, polyethersulfones, polyvinyl chlorides, polycarbonates, amino resin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters, polyisocyanate crosslinked polyesters and polyacrylates, phenol / formaldehyde, urea / formaldehyde and melamine / formaldehyde resins, alkyd resins, polyester resins, melamine or urea resins or acrylate resins crosslinked with isocyanates or isocyanurates or carbamates or epoxy resins, crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl ethers crosslinked with acid anhydrides or amines, polysiloxanes, Michael addition polymers, addition polymers of amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, addition polymers of ketimines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, polyketimines.

[0110] Embodiment 6. The method of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the organic polymer comprises at least one of a polyolefin, a polyolefin copolymer or terpolymer, a polyamide, a copolyamide, a polyester, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), a polystyrene, a polycarbonate, a polyacrylate, or a poly(vinyl chloride).

[0111] Embodiment 7. The method of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the organic polymer comprises at least one of a polyamide or a copolyamide.

[0112] Embodiment 8. The method of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the organic polymer comprises a polyolefin.

[0113] Embodiment 9. The method of embodiment 8, wherein the polyolefin comprises at least one of polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0114] Embodiment 10. The method of embodiment 8, wherein the polyolefin comprises at least one of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), a medium density polyethylene (MDPE), or a high density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0115] Embodiment 11. The method of embodiment 8, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene prepared by catalytic polymerization using a metallocene catalyst.

[0116] Embodiment 12. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt. % RMDA, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0117] Embodiment 13. The RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol according to formula (I): R-(OCHR 1 CH2) y -OH (I) (Wherein, R is C12 ~C 60 is a hydrocarbyl; R 1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl; y is an integer from 1 to 100. 13. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein

[0118] Embodiment 14. The RMDA comprises at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ether according to formula (Ia): R-(OCH2CH2) y -OH (Ia) (Wherein, R is C 12 ~C 60 is a hydrocarbyl; (y is an integer from 2 to 60) The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein

[0119] Embodiment 15. The method of embodiment 13 or 14, wherein R is derived from a fatty alcohol having the same number of carbon atoms.

[0120] Embodiment 16. The RMDA is an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurel alcohol, C 12 ~C 13 Alcohol, C. 12 ~C 14 Secondary alcohol, C 12 ~C 15 Oxo alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, C 16 / C 18 Alkyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, docosyl alcohol, or saturated straight chain 20 ~C 50 16. The method of any one of embodiments 13-15, wherein the alcohol is at least one of a synthetic alcohol.

[0121] Embodiment 17. The RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (II): [ka] is represented by (In the formula, R 6 is C 11 ~C 59 is a hydrocarbyl; R' is H or (C1-C4) alkyl; y is an integer from 1 to 100. 13. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein

[0122] Embodiment 18. The RMDA comprises at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (IIa): [ka] (In the formula, R 7 is C 11 ~C 29 is a hydrocarbyl; (y is an integer from 2 to 60) 13. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein

[0123] Embodiment 19. The RMDA is an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurate, C 16 ~C 18 The method of embodiment 17 or 18, wherein the at least one of the alkanoate, stearate, oleate, or tallowate.

[0124] Embodiment 20. The RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated fatty amine according to formula (III): R 4 -NR 2 R 3 (III), or Alkoxylated fatty amides according to formula (IV): [ka] (R of formula (III) 4 is C8~C 60 R of formula (IV) is hydrocarbyl. 5 is C7~C 59hydrocarbyl, each optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms; R in formula (III) and formula (IV) 2 and R 3 are each independently H, C1 to C 30 Alkyl, or -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H; R in formula (III) and formula (IV) 2 or R 3 At least one of the following is -(CHCHR 1 O) n -H; R 1 is H or methyl; Each n is independently an integer from 1 to 100. 13. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein

[0125] Embodiment 21. R of formula (III) 4 C8~C 36 R of formula (IV) is alkyl. 5 C7~C 35 21. The method of embodiment 20, wherein said alkyl is alkyl, either of which may be optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms.

[0126] Embodiment 22. R of formula (III) 4 C 12 ~C 30 R of formula (IV) is alkyl. 5 C 11 ~C 29 21. The method of embodiment 20, wherein the alkyl group is alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms.

[0127] Embodiment 23. The method of any one of embodiments 20-22, wherein each n is independently an integer from 1 to 10.

[0128] Embodiment 24. R of formula (III) 4 is derived from a fatty acid having the same number of carbon atoms, R of formula (IV) 5The method of any one of embodiments 20 to 23, wherein is derived from a fatty acid having one more carbon atom.

[0129] Embodiment 25. The method of any one of embodiments 20-24, wherein the RMDA is at least one of ethoxylated and / or propoxylated stearylamine, oleylamine, tallow amine, hydrogenated tallow amine, cetylamine, caprylamine, or cocoamine.

[0130] Embodiment 26. The method of any one of embodiments 20-24, wherein the RMDA is at least one of cocoamide monoethanolamine, cocoamide diethanolamine, cocoamide ethoxylate, lauramide diethanolamine, oleamide diethanolamine, or oleic acid monoethanolamide.

[0131] Embodiment 27. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the polymer composition further comprises an organic phosphite or phosphonite.

[0132] Embodiment 28. The method of embodiment 27, wherein the phosphite or phosphonite is at least one of the following: i) A compound according to any of formulas (1) to (7): [ka] [ka] (In the formula, The subscripts are integers, n is 2, 3, or 4; p is 1 or 2; q is 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, or 3; z is 1 to 6; A1 is C2 to C when n or q is 2. 18 Alkylene; C2-C with oxygen, sulfur, or -NR4- 12 Alkylene, formula [ka] or phenylene; A1 is a group of the formula -C when n or q is 3. r H 2r-1 - is a divalent radical, and r is an integer from 4 to 12; A1 is when n is 4. [ka] and B is a direct bond, -CH2-, -CHR4-, -CR1R4-, sulfur, C5-C7 cycloalkylidene, or cyclohexylidene substituted with 1-4 C1-C4 alkyl radicals at the 3-, 4-, and / or 5-positions; D1 is C1-C4 alkyl when p is 1, and is -CH2OCH2- when p is 2; D2 is C1-C4 alkyl; E is C1 to C when y is 1 18 alkyl, -OR1, or halogen; E is -O-A2-O- when y is 2, where A2 is as defined for A1 when n is 2; E is a radical of formula R4C(CH2O-)3 or N(CH2CH2O-)3 when y is 3; Q is a radical of a mono- or polyalcohol or phenol having a valence of at least z, which radical is attached to the phosphorus atom via an oxygen atom of an OH group of the mono- or polyalcohol or phenol; R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a C1-C substituted or unsubstituted halogen, -COOR4, -CN, or -CONR4R4. 18 Alkyl; C2-C with oxygen, sulfur or -NR4- 18 Alkyl; C7-C9 phenyl alkyl; C5-C 12 cycloalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl; naphthyl or phenyl substituted with halogen, one to three alkyl or alkoxy radicals having a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or with C7 to C9 phenylalkyl; or [ka] (wherein m is an integer ranging from 3 to 6); R4 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C5-C 12 cycloalkyl or C7-C9 phenylalkyl; R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; R7 and R8, when q is 2, are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl or together a 2,3-dehydropentamethylene radical; R7 and R8, when q is 3, are each methyl; R 14 each instance is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C9 alkyl, or cyclohexyl; R 15 each instance is independently selected from hydrogen or methyl; X and Y are each a direct bond or oxygen; Z is a direct bond, methylene, -C(R 16 )2-, or sulfur; R 16 is C1-C8 alkyl; or ii) Trisarylphosphites according to formula 8: [ka] (In the formula, R 17 are substituents present at positions 0 to 5 of the aromatic ring of formula 8, each independently being a C1 to C 20 Alkyl, C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl, C4-C 20 Alkylcycloalkyl, C6-C 10 Aryl or C7-C 20 (alkylaryl).

[0133] Embodiment 29. The method of embodiment 27, wherein the phosphite or phosphonite is at least one of the following: triphenyl phosphite, Diphenyl alkyl phosphite, Phenyl dialkyl phosphite, Trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, Distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), Tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, A compound of formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (J), (K), or (L): [ka] [ka] [ka] ; 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol phosphite, Bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4-di-cumylphenol phosphite, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol phosphite, or Bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite.

[0134] Embodiment 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the organic phosphite or phosphonite is at least one of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite (DOVERPHOS™ S9228), tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylene diphosphite (IRGAFOS™ P-EPQ), tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, or distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite.

[0135] Embodiment 31. The method of any one of embodiments 27 to 30, wherein the polymer composition comprises from 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably from 0.005 to 3 wt. %, more preferably from 0.01 to 1 wt. %, of the organic phosphite or phosphonite, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0136] Embodiment 32. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the polymer composition further comprises a hindered phenol.

[0137] Embodiment 33. The method of embodiment 32, wherein the hindered phenol has at least one group according to formula (IVa), (IVb), or (IVc): [ka] (In the formula, [ka] indicates the point of attachment of the molecular fragment to the parent compound (via a carbon-carbon single bond); R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 18 are independently hydrogen or C 1~4 is a hydrocarbyl; Each R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 19 and R 20 are independently hydrogen or C1-C20 is a hydrocarbyl; R in formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) 37 is C1~C 12 (hydrocarbyl).

[0138] Embodiment 34.R 18 and R 37 is each independently methyl or tert-butyl.

[0139] Embodiment 35. The hindered phenol is 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (ETHANOX® 330), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX® 314), 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzene) (ETHANOX® 320), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX® 322), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX® 324), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX® 326), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX® 328 ... 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate (CYANOX® 1790), dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, octadecanol (IRGANOX® 1076), 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide; 33. The method of embodiment 32, wherein the ester of N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, an amide of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylenediamine, or N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamine.

[0140] Embodiment 36. The method of any one of embodiments 32 to 35, wherein the polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.005 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt. % of the hindered phenol, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0141] Embodiment 37. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the polymer composition further comprises 0.01 to 1 wt. % of at least one of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite.

[0142] Embodiment 38. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the polymer composition further comprises 0.01 to 25 wt %, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.02 to 5 wt %, more preferably 0.05 to 3 wt %, of at least one tocopherol, tocopherol ester, hydroxylamine, tertiary amine oxide, hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), ultraviolet light absorber (UVA), hindered benzoate, thiosynergist, benzofuranone, indolinone, nitrone, or nickel phenolate, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

[0143] Embodiment 39. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, or esters thereof.

[0144] Embodiment 40. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the polymer composition further comprises α-tocopherol (vitamin E).

[0145] Embodiment 41. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the tocopherol comprises α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E acetate).

[0146] Embodiment 42. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one hydroxylamine or tertiary amine oxide.

[0147] Embodiment 43. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-didodecylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-tetradecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-heptadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, or N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042).

[0148] Embodiment 44. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein the polymer composition further comprises N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042).

[0149] Embodiment 45. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein the polymer composition further comprises a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS).

[0150] Embodiment 46. The hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) is Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 770); Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate; Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 123); Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonate; Condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid (TINUVIN™ 622); 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane; 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecane; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 944); Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)nitrilotriacetate; 4-Stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3346); Methylated condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3529); Condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (CHIMASSORB™ 119); Condensation products of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylaminoethane); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 2020); A mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CYASORB™ UV-3853); Mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine; Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Condensation products of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; Tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-4-yl tridecyl ester; 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl tridecyl ester; Formamide, N,N'-1,6-hexanediylbis[N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) (UVINUL™ 4050); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(propyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-1-propyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TINUVIN™ NOR HALS 371); N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction products with 3-bromo-1-propene, di-n-butylamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, oxidation, hydrogenation (TINUVIN™ XT 200); TINUVIN(TM) XT-850 / XT-855); or N 1 ,N 1’ - 1,2-ethanediylbis(1,3-propanediamine), reaction products of cyclohexane with N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine peroxide (FLAMESTAB™ NOR 116) 46. ​​The polymer composition of embodiment 45, wherein the polymer composition is at least one of:

[0151] Embodiment 47. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 46, wherein the polymer composition further comprises an ultraviolet absorbing agent (UVA).

[0152] Embodiment 48. The method of embodiment 47, wherein the ultraviolet light absorber is at least one of 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, or benzoxazinone.

[0153] Embodiment 49. The method of embodiment 47, wherein the ultraviolet absorber is 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine.

[0154] Embodiment 50. The 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine is 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 1577), 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (CYASORB™ 1164), 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine, a mixture of 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine and 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 400); 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 405), 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 479), 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 1600), 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-butyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-bis-butyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TRIAZINE® 460), 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine, or 2,4,6-Tris[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN® 477) 50. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the method is at least one of:

[0155] Embodiment 51. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of a metal chelating agent, a nucleating agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a compatibilizer, a foaming agent, a flame retardant, an antiblocking agent, a slip agent, an antistatic agent, a filler, a reinforcing agent, a metal oxide, an optical brightener, a dye, or a pigment.

[0156] Embodiment 52. A hollow article produced by the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 51.

[0157] Embodiment 53. Use of a rotomolding densification promoter (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof, in a rotomolding process for producing a hollow article. EXAMPLES

[0158] The following examples are provided to aid those of ordinary skill in the art in further understanding certain embodiments of the present invention. These examples are intended for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0159] The performance of various individual additive materials and their specific combinations are evaluated with respect to protecting the polymer from UV-C induced discoloration and photodegradation. LyondellBasell's polypropylene homopolymer (Pro-fax™ 6301 NT) is selected as the polymer matrix for the weathering study in the examples. Information regarding the supplier, trade name, and chemical name of the various additive materials in the example formulations is provided in Table 1. In some cases, these same chemicals may be available from other suppliers under different trade names. All additive materials are used as received.

[0160] [Table 1]

[0161] Examples 1-7 - General Procedure A 4 Kg batch of LLDPE was dry blended with 0.05 weight percent (wt%) zinc stearate (ZnSt), 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168 (AO in diagram), and other additives as shown below, and compounded at 190° C. using a Werner & Pfleiderer Coperion twin screw extruder, model ZSK-30. The extruder had 30 mm diameter co-rotating screws, electric heaters, water cooled barrel, l / d of 30:1, total of (9) barrel segments ((1) feed, (3) vented, (1) side feeder, (4) non-vented, (1) spacer), 10.4:1 gearbox ratio, 15 hp drive, AC motor with vfd controller, control panel with Eurotherm controller. The resulting pellets were ground to a uniform particle size (150-500 μm) in a Powder King PKA-18 Table Top Lab Mill Pulverizer prior to the rotomolding process. Sufficient powder was used to produce 1 / 8" to 1 / 4" thick walled parts, and the formulations were rotomolded using lab-scale equipment (e.g., a Ferry E-40 shuttle rotomolder). The ground resin was placed into a cast aluminum mold and rotated biaxially in a gas-fired oven heated to a temperature of 288°C. The arm ratio of the cast aluminum mold was 8:2. After rotating for a set time interval in the oven, the mold was removed from the oven and allowed to air cool while rotating for 19 minutes, followed by a water spray for 2 minutes and then a circulating air for 2 minutes. After the cooling cycle, the mold was opened to remove the hollow parts, which were then tested by measuring the density and visualizing the bubbles in the parts. Density was measured using a Micromeritics AccuPycII 1340 pycnometer. Hollow part samples were cut using a pneumatic press to fit into a 10 mL sample cell and pre-weighed prior to sample analysis. Each sample was measured to an accuracy tolerance of 0.03%. Air bubbles in the parts were visualized by cutting the part open and slicing a uniform section of the part wall using a Stanley Block Plane, which was then imaged with a Leica S9i microscope.Formulations that achieve the highest density (>0.930 g / mL) and fewest visible bubbles in the shortest rotomolding time interval are desirable (reduced cycle time). The color (or yellowness) of the molded parts was also tested. Samples were read using a GretagMacbeth Color i7 spectrophotometer. Yellowness was reported according to ASTM D1925 for the mold surfaces of rotomolded parts. A positive yellowness value indicates the presence and magnitude of a yellow tint (generally undesirable) while a negative yellowness value indicates the material appears bluish (generally desirable).

[0162] Example 1 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, while examples also included 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55 or 0.05 wt% PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S. The results are summarized in Figure 1A (density) and Figure 1B (cross section of rotomolded part showing bubbles).

[0163] Example 2 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, while examples also included 0.05, 0.10, or 0.50 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55. The results are summarized in Figure 2A (density) and Figure 2B (cross section of rotomolded part showing bubbles).

[0164] Example 3 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, while examples also included 0.05 wt% hydroxylamine, 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55, or 0.05 wt% PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S. The results are summarized in Figure 3A (density) and Figure 3B (cross section of rotomolded part showing bubbles).

[0165] Example 4 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, while examples also included 0.05 wt% Vitamin E acetate, 0.05 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55, or 0.05 wt% PEGOSPERSE™ 100-S. The results are summarized in Figure 4A (density) and Figure 4B (cross section of a rotomolded part with visible bubbles).

[0166] Example 5 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, while examples also included 0.05 or 0.10 wt% Vitamin E acetate, or 0.05 or 0.10 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55. The results are summarized in Figure 5A (density) and Figure 5B (cross section of rotomolded part with visible bubbles).

[0167] Example 6 Controls included 0.05 wt% ZnSt, 0.10 wt% IRGAFOS™ 168, and 0.025 wt% CYANOX™ 1790, while examples also included 0.05, 0.10, or 0.50 wt% LEUNAPON™ F1618-55. The results are summarized in Figure 6A (density) and Figure 6B (cross-section of a rotomolded part showing bubbles).

[0168] Example 7 The control contained 0.05 wt% ZnSt and 0.10 pph of IRGAFOS™ 168, and the examples also contained 0.05 wt% FENTACARE™ 1812. The results are summarized in Figure 7A (density) and Figure 7B (cross section of a rotomolded part showing bubbles).

[0169] Examples 8-9 - General Procedure The additives were added to the powdered LLDPE, dry blended, and then compounded in a Davis Standard XL-125 single screw extruder set at a melting point of 190°C and a screw speed of 65 rpm. The pellets were then collected and crushed to a fine powder.

[0170] The powder is then weighed into an aluminum mold and placed in a PHI heated press set at 475°F (246°C). The upper and lower press plates are separated as far as possible to prevent the upper plate from touching the mold. The resin is allowed to cure for a specified time and then removed. While cooling, an operator visually observes the number of bubbles. After cooling, the yellowness of the plaque is read on a Gretag Macbeth Color I7 spectrophotometer. A portion of the plaque is then cut and tested for density.

[0171] Samples of different concentrations were made using the additive of the present invention and compared with the commercial additive, and the samples were then tested for air bubbles (visual observation), color / yellowness index (Gretag Macbeth Color I7 spectrophotometer), and density using simulation techniques.

[0172] Example 8 This example shows the effect on cycle time of BRIJ™ S2 (DEG monostearate) compared to α-tocopherol acetate and IRGASTAB™ FS-042 at 1% and 2% by weight added to ¼ inch PE plaques. Bubbles were visually observed at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 minute intervals and a rating of 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 was assigned based on the number of bubbles counted. 10 means many bubbles, 7.5 means few bubbles, 5 means almost no bubbles, and 2.5 means no bubbles. The results are summarized in Table 2 below and shown in the bar graph in FIG. 8A.

[0173] [Table 2]

[0174] The Yellowness Index and density of the polypropylene plaques were also measured at each interval, and the results are summarized in Tables 3 and 4 and Figures 8B and 8C. BRIJ™ S2 had the lowest cell density at 20 minutes (Table 3 and Figure 8A), the lowest Yellowness Index (Table 4 and Figure 8B), and plaque density that was equal or higher at both the 1 wt% and 2 wt% loading levels (Table 4 and Figure 8C).

[0175] [Table 3]

[0176] [Table 4]

[0177] Example 9 This example shows the effect of BRIJ™ S2 (stearyl monoether of diethylene glycol) on cycle time reduction when compared to α-tocopherol acetate and IRGASTAB™ FS-042 at 1% and 2% by weight loadings on ½ inch LLDPE plaques. Bubbles were visually observed and counted at 18, 24, 30, and 34 minute intervals and assigned a rating of 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 based on the number of bubbles counted at each interval. The yellowness index and density of the plaques were also measured at each interval. As can be seen from the data below, BRIJ™ S2 and BRIJ™ S2 have the same or lower bubbles (FIG. 9A), the same or lower yellowness index, and higher density (no bubbles) compared to α-tocopherol acetate and IRGASTAB™ FS-042.

[0178] [Table 5]

[0179] These results show that the heating time required to achieve optimal curing of polyolefin articles using standard rotomolding processes can be reduced by using the polymer compositions detailed herein. The reduction in heating time to remove bubbles provides the direct benefits of reduced energy costs and increased production efficiency without compromising the physical and / or mechanical properties of the rotomolded article. The novel polymer compositions for rotomolding described herein are also shown to offer a wide processing window, allowing the production of parts with high impact strength over a wider range of peak internal air temperatures or heating times compared to conventional processing systems. Thus, these novel processing polymer compositions offer a superior alternative to other approaches and / or systems for promoting sintering / densification of polymer resins during rotomolding processes.

[0180] Various patent and / or scientific references are cited throughout this application. The disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth herein. In view of the above description and examples, one of ordinary skill in the art will be able to practice the disclosure as claimed without undue experimentation.

[0181] While the foregoing description illustrates, describes, and points out the basic novel features of the present teachings, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the devices as illustrated, as well as the details of their use, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present teachings. As a result, the scope of the present teachings should not be limited to the foregoing discussion, but should instead be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. A rotational molding process for producing a hollow article, comprising: a) adding to a mold: i) an organic polymer; and ii) a rotomolding densification accelerator (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof; filling a polymer composition comprising: b) rotating the mold about at least one axis while heating the mold in an oven, thereby melting and spreading the composition over the walls of the mold; c) cooling the mold; d) opening the mold; and e) removing the hollow article from the mold A method comprising:

2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein visible bubbles are substantially removed from the hollow article in a shorter time than a control polymer composition not containing the RMDA.

3. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the shorter time is 5 to 50%, preferably 10 to 40% shorter than the time for the air bubbles to be substantially removed from the control without RMDA.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the peak internal air temperature (PIAT) of the mold is between 70°C and 400°C.

5. The organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, thermoplastic olefins (TPO), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), polyesters, polyethers, polyketones, polyamides, natural and synthetic rubbers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutyl acrylates, polyacetals, polyacrylonitriles, polybutadienes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose polymers, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene oxides in combination with unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins, coating compositions, radiation curable compositions, epoxy melamine resins, organic dyes, cosmetics, cellulosic paper, photographic film paper, fibers, waxes, or inks. , polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, amino resin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters, polyisocyanate crosslinked polyesters and polyacrylates, phenol / formaldehyde, urea / formaldehyde and melamine / formaldehyde resins, alkyd resins, polyester resins, acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine or urea resins or isocyanates or isocyanurates or carbamates or epoxy resins, crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, and aromatic glycidyl ethers crosslinked with acid anhydrides or amines, polysiloxane, Michael addition polymers, addition polymers of amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, addition polymers of ketimines with activated unsaturated and activated methylene compounds, and polyketimines.

6. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic polymer comprises at least one of a polyolefin, a polyolefin copolymer or terpolymer, a polyamide, a copolyamide, a polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), a polystyrene, a polycarbonate, a polyacrylate, or a poly(vinyl chloride).

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer comprises at least one of a polyamide or a copolyamide.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer comprises a polyolefin.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polyolefin comprises at least one of polyethylene or polypropylene.

10. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the polyolefin comprises at least one of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

11. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene prepared by catalytic polymerization using a metallocene catalyst.

12. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt %, of RMDA, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

13. The RMDA is at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol according to formula (I): R-(OCHR １ CH ２ ) ｙ -OH (I) (Wherein R is C １２ ~C ６０ is a hydrocarbyl; R １ is H or C １ ~C ４ is alkyl; y is an integer from 1 to 100. The method of claim 1, wherein

14. The RMDA is at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ether according to formula (Ia): R-(OCH) ２ CH ２ ) ｙ -OH (Ia), (Wherein R is C １２ ~C ６０ is a hydrocarbyl; and y is an integer from 2 to 60. The method of claim 1, wherein

15. 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein R is derived from a fatty alcohol having the same number of carbon atoms.

16. The RMDA may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurel alcohol, C １２ ~C １３ Alcohol, C １２ ~C １４ Secondary alcohol, C １２ ~C １５ Oxo alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, C １６ / C １８ Alkyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, docosyl alcohol, or saturated linear C ２０ ~C ５０ 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the alcohol is at least one of a synthetic alcohol.

17. The RMDA is at least one alkoxylated fatty ester according to formula (II): 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, R ６ is C １１ ~C ５９ is a hydrocarbyl, R' is H or (C １ ~C ４ ) alkyl; y is an integer from 1 to 100. The method of claim 1, wherein

18. The RMDA is at least one ethoxylated aliphatic ester according to formula (IIa): 【Chemistry 2】 (In the formula, R ７ is C １１ ~C ２９ is a hydrocarbyl; and y is an integer from 2 to 60. The method of claim 1, wherein

19. The RMDA may be an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated laurate, C １６ ~C １８ 19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the hydroxyl group is at least one of an alkanoate, a stearate, an oleate, or a tallowate.

20. The RMDA comprises at least one alkoxylated fatty amine according to formula (III): R ４ -NR ２ R ３ (III), or Alkoxylated fatty amides according to formula (IV): 【Transformation 3】 (R of formula (III) ４ is C ８ ~C ６０ R of formula (IV) is hydrocarbyl ５ is C ７ ~C ５９ hydrocarbyl, each optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms; R in formula (III) and formula (IV) ２ and R ３ are each independently H, C １ ~C ３０ Alkyl, or -(CH ２ CHR １ O) ｎ -H; R in formula (III) and formula (IV) ２ or R ３ At least one of -(CH ２ CHR １ O) ｎ -H; R １ is H or methyl; each n is independently an integer from 1 to 100. The method of claim 1, wherein

21. R in formula (III) ４ is C ８ ~C ３６ is alkyl, and R in formula (IV) ５ is C ７ ~C ３５ 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the alkyl groups is alkyl, either of which may optionally be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms.

22. R in formula (III) ４ is C １２ ~C ３０ is alkyl, and R in formula (IV) ５ is C １１ ~C ２９ 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the alkyl is optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms.

23. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each n is independently an integer from 1 to 10.

24. R in formula (III) ４ is derived from a fatty acid having the same number of carbon atoms, and R of formula (IV) ５ 21. The method of claim 20, wherein is derived from a fatty acid having one more carbon atom.

25. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the RMDA is at least one of ethoxylated and / or propoxylated stearylamine, oleylamine, tallow amine, hydrogenated tallow amine, cetylamine, caprylamine, or cocoamine.

26. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the RMDA is at least one of cocoamide monoethanolamine, cocoamide diethanolamine, cocoamide ethoxylate; lauramide diethanolamine; oleamide diethanolamine, or oleic acid monoethanolamide.

27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises an organic phosphite or phosphonite.

28. The phosphite or phosphonite is: i) A compound according to any of formulas (1) to (7): 【Chemistry 4】 (In the formula, The subscripts are integers, n is 2, 3, or 4; p is 1 or 2; q is 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, or 3; z is 1 to 6; A １ When n or q is 2, C ２ ~C １８ Alkylene; oxygen, sulfur, or —NR ４ C with - ２ ~C １２ Alkylene, formula 【Transformation 5】 or phenylene; A １ When n or q is 3, the formula -C ｒ H ２ｒ－１ - divalent radical, and r is an integer from 4 to 12; A １ When n is 4, 【Transformation 6】 and B is a direct bond, —CH ２ --, --CHR ４ -, -CR １ R ４ -, sulfur, C ５ ~C ７ Cycloalkylidene or 1 to 4 C at the 3, 4, and / or 5 positions １ ~C ４ is cyclohexylidene substituted with an alkyl radical; D １ If p is 1, then C １ ~C ４ When p is alkyl and p is 2, -CH ２ OCH ２ - and; D ２ is C １ ~C ４ is alkyl; E is C when y is 1 １ ~C １８ Alkyl, -OR １ or halogen; When y is 2, E is -O-A ２ -O- and A ２ is A when n is 2 １ as defined for E is a group of formula R when y is 3 ４ C(CH ２ O-) ３ or N(CH ２ CH ２ O-) ３ is a radical of Q is a radical of a mono- or polyalcohol or phenol having a valence of at least z, which radical is attached to the phosphorus atom via an oxygen atom of an OH group of the mono- or polyalcohol or phenol; R １ , R ２ , and R ３ are each independently unsubstituted or halogen, —COOR ４ , -CN, or -CONR ４ R ４ C substituted with １ ~C １８ Alkyl; oxygen, sulfur, or —NR ４ C with - ２ ~C １８ Alkyl; C ７ ~C ９ Phenyl alkyl; C ５ ~C １２ cycloalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl; halogen, one to three alkyl or alkoxy radicals having a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or C ７ ~C ９ naphthyl or phenyl substituted with phenylalkyl; or 【Transformation 7】 where m is an integer from the range 3 to 6; R ４ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ８ Alkyl, C ５ ~C １２ Cycloalkyl or C ７ ~C ９ phenylalkyl; R ５ and R ６ are each independently hydrogen, C １ ~C ８ Alkyl, or C ５ ~C ６ is cycloalkyl, R ７ and R ８ When q is 2, each independently represents C １ ~C ４ alkyl or together are a 2,3-dehydropentamethylene radical; R ７ and R ８ are each methyl when q is 3; R １４ Each example is hydrogen, C １ ~C ９ independently selected from alkyl, or cyclohexyl; R １５ each instance of is independently selected from hydrogen or methyl; X and Y are each a direct bond or oxygen; Z is a direct bond, methylene, -C(R １６ ) ２ - or sulfur, R １６ is C １ ~C ８ alkyl); or ii) Trisarylphosphites according to formula 8: 【Transformation 8】 (In the formula, R １７ are substituents present at positions 0 to 5 of the aromatic ring of formula 8, and are independently １ ~C ２０ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ２０ Cycloalkyl, C ４ ~C ２０ Alkylcycloalkyl, C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, or C ７ ~C ２０ alkylaryl) 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one of

29. The phosphite or phosphonite is: triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, Trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, Distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, A compound of formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (J), (K), or (L): 【Chemistry 9】 【Chemistry 10】 【Chemistry 11】 【Chemistry 12】 ； 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol phosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 2,4-di-cumylphenol phosphite, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol phosphite, or Bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one of

30. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the organic phosphite or phosphonite is at least one of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (IRGAFOS™ 168), bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite (DOVERPHOS™ S9228), tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4′-biphenylene diphosphite (IRGAFOS™ P-EPQ), tris(4-nonylphenyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, or distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite.

31. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.005 to 3 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt. %, of the organic phosphite or phosphonite, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises a hindered phenol.

33. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the hindered phenol has at least one group according to formula (IVa), (IVb), or (IVc): 【Chemistry 13】 (In the formula, 【Chemistry 14】 indicates the point of attachment of the molecular fragment to the parent compound (via a carbon-carbon single bond); R in formulas (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) １８ are independently hydrogen or C １ ~ ４ is a hydrocarbyl; Each R in formulas (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) １９ and R ２０ are independently hydrogen or C １ ~C ２０ is a hydrocarbyl; R in formulas (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc) ３７ is C １ ~C １２ hydrocarbyl).

34. R １８ and R ３７ The method of claim 33, wherein each is independently methyl or tert-butyl.

35. The hindered phenol may be 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (ETHANOX™ 330), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 314), 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) methyl ether (ETHANOX™ 320), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide (ETHANOX™ 322), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 324), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 326), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 328), bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (ETHANOX™ 329 ... benzyl) isocyanurate (CYANOX® 1790), dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, octadecanol (IRGANOX® 1076), 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, and N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide; 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the hydroxyphenyl group is one of N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate and its ester with N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, an amide of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylenediamine, or N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamine.

36. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the polymer composition comprises 0.001 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.005 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt. % of the hindered phenol, based on the weight of the polymer composition.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises 0.01 to 1 wt. % of at least one of zinc stearate, calcium stearate, zinc oxide, hydrotalcite, or hydrocalumite.

38. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises 0.01 to 25 wt %, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.02 to 5 wt %, more preferably 0.05 to 3 wt %, based on the weight of the polymer composition, of at least one tocopherol, tocopherol ester, hydroxylamine, tertiary amine oxide, hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), ultraviolet absorber (UVA), hindered benzoate, thiosynergist, benzofuranone, indolinone, nitrone, or nickel phenolate.

39. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, or esters thereof.

40. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises α-tocopherol (vitamin E).

41. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tocopherol comprises alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E acetate).

42. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one hydroxylamine or tertiary amine oxide.

43. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-didodecylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-tetradecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-heptadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, or N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042).

44. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)hydroxylamine (IRGASTAB™ FS-042).

45. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS).

46. The hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 770); Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate; Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate; Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate (TINUVIN™ 123); Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonate; Condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid (TINUVIN™ 622); 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecanoate; 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate; 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl dodecanoate; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 944); Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)nitrilotriacetate; 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3346); Methylated condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CYASORB™ UV-3529); Condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (CHIMASSORB™ 119); Condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylaminoethane); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine, and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CHIMASSORB™ 2020); a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CYASORB™ UV-3853); Mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Condensation product of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; Tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-4-yl tridecyl ester; 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl tridecyl ester; Formamide, N,N'-1,6-hexanediylbis[N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) (UVINUL™ 4050); Condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(propyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, N-butyl-1-propyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, di-n-butylamine, and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TINUVIN™ NOR HALS 371); N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction product with 3-bromo-1-propene, di-n-butylamine, and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, oxidized, hydrogenated (TINUVIN™ XT 200); TINUVIN™ XT-850 / XT-855); or N １ , N １’ -1,2-ethanediylbis(1,3-propanediamine), reaction product of cyclohexane with N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine peroxide (FLAMESTAB™ NOR 116) 46. ​​The polymer composition of claim 45, wherein the polymer composition is at least one of:

47. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises an ultraviolet absorber (UVA).

48. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the ultraviolet absorber is at least one of 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, or benzoxazinone.

49. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the ultraviolet absorber is 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine.

50. The 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 1577), 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (CYASORB™ 1164), 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine, a mixture of 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine and 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 400); 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 405), 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 479), 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 1600), 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-butyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-bis-butyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (TRIAZINE™ 460); 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine, or 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-[(octyloxycarbonyl)ethylideneoxy]phenyl]-s-triazine (TINUVIN™ 477) 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the at least one of

51. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition further comprises at least one of a metal chelating agent, a nucleating agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a compatibilizer, a foaming agent, a flame retardant, an antiblocking agent, a slip agent, an antistatic agent, a filler, a reinforcing agent, a metal oxide, an optical brightener, a dye, or a pigment.

52. A hollow article produced by the method of claim 1.

53. 1. Use of a rotomolding densification enhancer (RMDA) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amides, and combinations thereof in a rotomolding process to produce hollow articles.

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