Photoelectric conversion device and photodetection system

Abstract

To solve the problem in which there is room for consideration about a configuration and an arrangement position for a relation between first wiring and second wiring.SOLUTION: A photoelectric conversion device has: a semiconductor layer having a light incident surface and including a photoelectric conversion element including an avalanche diode; and a wiring structure. The avalanche diode has a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type, and a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type. A driving voltage is supplied to the second semiconductor region through the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type. The wiring structure has: first wiring that supplies the driving voltage to the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type and is closest to the semiconductor layer; and second wiring that is arranged on the same wiring layer as the first wiring and supplies the driving voltage to the first semiconductor region. The first wiring has an opening. In plan view, the second wiring is arranged in the opening of the first wiring. The opening of the first wiring has five or more sides.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 17

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion device that performs photoelectric conversion, and a photodetection system. [Background technology]

[0002] There is known a photoelectric conversion device including a pixel array in which multiple SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) pixels are arranged in a plane. In a SPAD pixel, avalanche multiplication of photocharges caused by a single photon occurs in a PN junction region in a semiconductor region.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a photoelectric conversion device having a SPAD pixel, in which a first wiring supplies a potential to an N-type diffusion layer (cathode) of an avalanche photodiode (hereinafter, APD) and a second wiring supplies a potential to a P-type diffusion layer (anode) of the APD. In Patent Document 1, the first wiring and the second wiring are arranged on the surface opposite to the light incident surface of the substrate. The first wiring is arranged so as to cover the avalanche multiplication region. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-88488 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In Patent Document 1, there is room for consideration regarding the configuration and arrangement of the relationship between the first wiring and the second wiring. For example, in the case of a pixel including an avalanche photodiode, it is necessary to ensure a withstand voltage by considering the difference between the voltage applied to the cathode and the voltage applied to the anode. In Patent Document 1, there is no description regarding the configuration and arrangement of the relationship between the first metal wiring that supplies a potential to the cathode and the second metal wiring that supplies a potential to the anode, taking into account the withstand voltage. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A photoelectric conversion device according to one embodiment has a semiconductor layer having a light incident surface and including a photoelectric conversion element including an avalanche photodiode, and a wiring structure arranged on a side of the semiconductor layer opposite the light incident surface, the avalanche photodiode having a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type in which charges of the same polarity as a signal charge are majority carriers, and a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type, a driving voltage is supplied to the second semiconductor region via the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type, the wiring structure supplies the driving voltage to the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type and includes a first wiring closest to the semiconductor layer, and a second wiring arranged in the same wiring layer as the first wiring and supplying the driving voltage to the first semiconductor region, the first wiring has an opening, the second wiring is arranged in the opening of the first wiring in a planar view, and the opening of the first wiring has five or more sides. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, a photoelectric conversion device can be provided in which a specific configuration and arrangement position are provided taking into consideration the withstand voltage of a first wiring that supplies a drive voltage to one of two nodes of an APD, and a second wiring that supplies a drive voltage to the other node. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a photoelectric conversion device; [Diagram 2] Sensor board layout example [Diagram 3] Circuit board layout example [Figure 4] Block diagram including equivalent circuit of photoelectric conversion element [Diagram 5] A diagram showing the relationship between APD operation and output signal [Figure 6] Schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 1. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic plan view of a photoelectric conversion device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 8]1 is a schematic plan view of a photoelectric conversion device according to another example of embodiment 1. [Figure 9] Schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 2. [Figure 10] Schematic plan view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 2. [Figure 11] Schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 3. [Figure 12] Schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 4. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to another example of embodiment 4. [Figure 14] Schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 5. [Figure 15] 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 16] 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 7. [Figure 17] 13 is a schematic plan view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 7. [Figure 18] Block diagram of a light detection system according to an eighth embodiment [Figure 19] Block diagram of a light detection system according to a ninth embodiment [Figure 20] Block diagram of a light detection system according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 21] Block diagram of an optical detection system according to an eleventh embodiment [Figure 22] Flowchart of the optical detection system of embodiment 11 [Figure 23] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a specific example of an electronic device according to a twelfth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] The following embodiments are intended to embody the technical ideas of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The sizes and positional relationships of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated to clarify the description. In the following description, the same components may be designated by the same reference numerals, and the description may be omitted.

[0010] A configuration common to the photoelectric conversion devices in each embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. The photoelectric conversion device has a SPAD pixel including an avalanche photodiode. The conductivity type of the charge used as the signal charge among the charge pairs generated in the avalanche photodiode is called the first conductivity type. The first conductivity type refers to a conductivity type in which the charge of the same polarity as the signal charge is the majority carrier. The conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type is called the second conductivity type. In the following, an example will be described in which the signal charge is an electron, the first conductivity type is an N type, and the second conductivity type is a P type, but the signal charge may be a hole, the first conductivity type is a P type, and the second conductivity type is an N type.

[0011] In this specification, when the term "impurity concentration" is used simply, it means the net impurity concentration minus the amount compensated by the impurity of the opposite conductivity type. In other words, "impurity concentration" refers to the NET doping concentration. A region where the P-type doped impurity concentration is higher than the N-type doped impurity concentration is a P-type semiconductor region. Conversely, a region where the N-type doped impurity concentration is higher than the P-type doped impurity concentration is an N-type semiconductor region.

[0012] In this specification, "planar view" refers to a view from a direction perpendicular to the light incident surface of a semiconductor substrate described later. Also, a cross section refers to a surface in a direction perpendicular to the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer 302 of the sensor substrate 11. Note that when the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer is a rough surface when viewed microscopically, the planar view is defined based on the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer when viewed macroscopically.

[0013] In this specification, the depth direction is the direction from the light incident surface (first surface) of the semiconductor layer 302 toward the surface (second surface) on which the circuit board 21 is disposed.

[0014] First, a configuration common to each embodiment will be described.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a stacked photoelectric conversion device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The photoelectric conversion device 100 is configured by stacking and electrically connecting two substrates, a sensor substrate 11 and a circuit substrate 21. The sensor substrate 11 has a first semiconductor layer having a photoelectric conversion element 102 described later, and a first wiring structure. The circuit substrate 21 has a second semiconductor layer having circuits such as a signal processing portion 103 described later, and a second wiring structure. The photoelectric conversion device 100 is configured by stacking the second semiconductor layer, the second wiring structure, the first wiring structure, and the first semiconductor layer in this order. The photoelectric conversion device described in each embodiment is a back-illuminated photoelectric conversion device in which light is incident from the first surface and a circuit substrate is disposed on the second surface.

[0016] In the following, the sensor substrate 11 and the circuit substrate 21 will be described as diced chips, but are not limited to chips. For example, each substrate may be a wafer. Also, each substrate may be stacked in a wafer state and then diced, or each chip may be stacked and bonded after being chipped.

[0017] A pixel region 12 is disposed on the sensor substrate 11, and a circuit region 22 that processes signals detected in the pixel region 12 is disposed on the circuit substrate 21.

[0018] 2 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the sensor substrate 11. Pixels 101, each having a photoelectric conversion element 102 including an avalanche photodiode, are arranged in a two-dimensional array in a plan view to form a pixel region 12.

[0019] The pixel 101 is typically a pixel for forming an image, but when used for TOF (Time of Flight), it does not necessarily have to form an image. That is, the pixel 101 may be a pixel for measuring the time when light arrives and the amount of light.

[0020] 3 is a configuration diagram of the circuit board 21. It has a signal processing unit 103 that processes electric charges photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion element 102 in FIG. 2, a readout circuit 112, a control pulse generating unit 115, a horizontal scanning circuit unit 111, an output line 113, and a vertical scanning circuit unit 110.

[0021] The photoelectric conversion element 102 in FIG. 2 and the signal processing unit 103 in FIG. 3 are electrically connected via connection wiring provided for each pixel.

[0022] The vertical scanning circuit section 110 receives a control pulse supplied from a control pulse generating section 115 and supplies the control pulse to each pixel. The vertical scanning circuit section 110 uses logic circuits such as a shift register and an address decoder.

[0023] The signal output from the photoelectric conversion element 102 of the pixel is processed by a signal processing unit 103. The signal processing unit 103 is provided with a counter, a memory, etc., and digital values ​​are held in the memory.

[0024] The horizontal scanning circuit unit 111 inputs a control pulse for sequentially selecting each column to the signal processing unit 103 in order to read out the signal from the memory of each pixel in which the digital signal is held.

[0025] A signal is output from the signal processing unit 103 of the pixel selected by the vertical scanning circuit unit 110 to the output line 113 for the selected column.

[0026] The signal output to the output line 113 is output via an output circuit 114 to a recording unit or a signal processing unit outside the photoelectric conversion device 100 .

[0027] In Fig. 2, the photoelectric conversion elements in the pixel region may be arranged one-dimensionally. The effect of the present invention can be obtained even with one pixel, and the effect of ensuring the withstand voltage of this embodiment can be easily obtained with a photoelectric conversion device having multiple pixels. The function of the signal processing unit does not necessarily need to be provided for each photoelectric conversion element, and for example, one signal processing unit may be shared by multiple photoelectric conversion elements, and signal processing may be performed sequentially.

[0028] 2 and 3, a plurality of signal processing units 103 are arranged in a region overlapping the pixel region 12 in a planar view. A vertical scanning circuit unit 110, a horizontal scanning circuit unit 111, a column circuit 112, an output circuit 114, and a control pulse generating unit 115 are arranged so as to overlap between an end of the sensor substrate 11 and an end of the pixel region 12 in a planar view. In other words, the sensor substrate 11 has the pixel region 12 and a non-pixel region arranged around the pixel region 12, and the vertical scanning circuit unit 110, the horizontal scanning circuit unit 111, the column circuit 112, the output circuit 114, and the control pulse generating unit 115 are arranged in a region overlapping the non-pixel region in a planar view.

[0029] FIG. 4 is an example of a block diagram including the equivalent circuits of FIG. 2 and FIG.

[0030] In FIG. 2, a photoelectric conversion element 102 having an APD 201 is provided on a sensor substrate 11, and other members are provided on a circuit substrate 21.

[0031] The APD 201 generates charge pairs according to the incident light by photoelectric conversion. A voltage VL (first voltage) is supplied to the anode of the APD 201. A voltage VH (second voltage) higher than the voltage VL supplied to the anode is supplied to the cathode of the APD 201. A reverse bias voltage that causes the APD 201 to perform avalanche multiplication is supplied to the anode and cathode. With such a voltage supplied, the charges generated by the incident light undergo avalanche multiplication, generating an avalanche current.

[0032] When a reverse bias voltage is supplied, there are two modes: a Geiger mode in which the potential difference between the anode and cathode is greater than the breakdown voltage, and a linear mode in which the potential difference between the anode and cathode is close to or less than the breakdown voltage.

[0033] An APD operated in Geiger mode is called a SPAD. For example, the voltage VL (first voltage) is −30 V, and the voltage VH (second voltage) is 1 V. The APD 201 may be operated in either linear mode or Geiger mode. A SPAD is preferable because the potential difference is larger than that of a linear mode APD, making the effect of withstanding voltage more noticeable.

[0034] The quench element 202 is connected to a power supply that supplies a voltage VH and the APD 201. The quench element 202 functions as a load circuit (quench circuit) during signal multiplication by avalanche multiplication, and has a function of suppressing avalanche multiplication by suppressing the voltage supplied to the APD 201 (quench operation). The quench element 202 also has a function of returning the voltage supplied to the APD 201 to the voltage VH by flowing a current equivalent to the voltage drop caused by the quench operation (recharge operation).

[0035] The signal processing section 103 has a waveform shaping section 210, a counter circuit 211, and a selection circuit 212. In this specification, it is sufficient that the signal processing section 103 has any one of the waveform shaping section 210, the counter circuit 211, and the selection circuit 212.

[0036] The waveform shaping unit 210 shapes the potential change of the cathode of the APD 201 obtained when a photon is detected, and outputs a pulse signal. For example, an inverter circuit is used as the waveform shaping unit 210. Although an example in which one inverter is used as the waveform shaping unit 210 is shown in Fig. 4, a circuit in which a plurality of inverters are connected in series may be used, or another circuit having a waveform shaping effect may be used.

[0037] The counter circuit 211 counts the pulse signal output from the waveform shaping unit 210 and holds the count value. When a control pulse pRES is supplied via a drive line 213, the signal held in the counter circuit 211 is reset.

[0038] A control pulse pSEL is supplied to the selection circuit 212 from the vertical scanning circuit unit 110 in Fig. 3 via a drive line 214 (not shown in Fig. 3) in Fig. 4, and switches between electrical connection and non-connection between the counter circuit 211 and the output line 113. The selection circuit 212 includes, for example, a buffer circuit for outputting a signal.

[0039] The electrical connection may be switched by disposing a switch such as a transistor between the quench element 202 and the APD 201 or between the photoelectric conversion element 102 and the signal processing unit 103. Similarly, the supply of the voltage VH or the voltage VL to the photoelectric conversion element 102 may be electrically switched using a switch such as a transistor.

[0040] In this embodiment, a configuration using the counter circuit 211 has been shown. However, instead of the counter circuit 211, the photoelectric conversion device 100 may be configured to acquire the pulse detection timing using a time-to-digital converter (hereinafter, TDC) and a memory. In this case, the generation timing of the pulse signal output from the waveform shaping unit 210 is converted into a digital signal by the TDC. To measure the timing of the pulse signal, a control pulse pREF (reference signal) is supplied to the TDC from the vertical scanning circuit unit 110 in FIG. 3 via a drive line. The TDC acquires, as a digital signal, a signal obtained by converting the input timing of the signal output from each pixel via the waveform shaping unit 210 into a relative time based on the control pulse pREF.

[0041] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of the relationship between the operation of an APD and an output signal.

[0042] Fig. 5(a) is a diagram in which the APD 201, the quench element 202, and the waveform shaping unit 210 of Fig. 4 are extracted. Here, the input side of the waveform shaping unit 210 is node A, and the output side is node B. Fig. 5(b) shows the waveform change of node A in Fig. 5(a), and Fig. 5(c) shows the waveform change of node B in Fig. 5(a).

[0043] Between time t0 and time t1, a potential difference of VH-VL is applied to the APD 201 in FIG. 5(a). When a photon is incident on the APD 201 at time t1, avalanche multiplication occurs in the APD 201, an avalanche multiplication current flows through the quench element 202, and the voltage at nodeA drops. When the voltage drop amount becomes larger and the potential difference applied to the APD 201 becomes smaller, the avalanche multiplication of the APD 201 stops as at time t2, and the voltage level at nodeA does not drop by more than a certain value. After that, between time t2 and time t3, a current that compensates for the voltage drop from the voltage VL flows through nodeA, and at time t3, nodeA is stabilized to the original potential level. At this time, the part of the output waveform at nodeA that exceeds a certain threshold is shaped by the waveform shaping unit 210 and output as a signal at nodeB.

[0044] The arrangement of the output lines 113, the column circuits 112, and the output circuits 114 is not limited to that shown in Fig. 3. For example, the output lines 113 may be arranged to extend in the row direction, and the column circuits 112 may be arranged at the ends of the output lines 113.

[0045] The photoelectric conversion devices of the respective embodiments will be described below.

[0046] <Embodiment 1> Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a SPAD pixel in embodiment 1. Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view taken along line AA' in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view taken along line BB' in Fig. 6.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 6, the circuit board 21 and the sensor board 11 are laminated. The circuit board 21 has a semiconductor layer 402 including circuit elements constituting a signal processing circuit, and a wiring structure 403. The sensor board 11 has a semiconductor layer 302 in which an APD is arranged, and a wiring structure 303. The semiconductor layer 302, the wiring structure 303, the wiring structure 403, and the semiconductor layer 402 are arranged in this order from the light incident surface side. In the photoelectric conversion device, the wiring structure 403 of the circuit board 21 and the wiring structure 303 of the sensor board 11 are in contact with each other and bonded. Specifically, the wiring 332 included in the wiring structure 303 and the wiring 432 included in the wiring structure 403 are bonded. That is, the wiring layer in which the wiring 332 is arranged and the wiring layer in which the wiring 432 is arranged are bonded. The wiring 332 and the wiring 432 form a metal junction. As described later, the metal junctions include metal junctions that are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 302 and the semiconductor layer 402, and metal junctions that are not connected to the semiconductor layer 302 and the semiconductor layer 402.

[0048] Here, the wiring layer refers to a certain layer among the multi-layer wiring constituting the wiring structure 303. And the wiring refers to a specific wiring to which a specific potential is supplied among the wirings arranged in each layer. Interlayer insulating films 329, 427 are arranged between each wiring.

[0049] The semiconductor layer 302 of the sensor substrate 11 has an APD. The APD includes a first semiconductor region 311 of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor region 312 of a second conductivity type. The first semiconductor region 311 and the second semiconductor region 312 form a PN junction. A third semiconductor region 313 of the first conductivity type for electric field relaxation may be formed at the end of the PN junction constituting the APD. The third semiconductor region 313 may be composed of a semiconductor region of the second conductivity type for the purpose of electric field relaxation. The impurity concentration of the third semiconductor region 313 is lower than that of the first semiconductor region 311 in the case of the first conductivity type, and is lower than that of the second semiconductor region 312 in the case of the second conductivity type. The difference in impurity concentration between the third semiconductor region 313 and the first semiconductor region 311 or the second semiconductor region 312 is two times or more different.

[0050] The thickness of the semiconductor layer 302 can be set appropriately depending on the wavelength at which light is detected. The color of light detected by the photoelectric conversion device can be set according to the purpose, such as blue, green, red, or infrared light. The peak wavelength of light detected by the photoelectric conversion device can be set, for example, within the range of 350 nm or more and 1000 nm or less. Since the reflective metal layer 322 can reflect light that has passed through the semiconductor layer 302, this embodiment makes it easier to improve the sensitivity, particularly to long-wavelength light such as infrared light.

[0051] Adjacent APDs are separated by a fourth semiconductor region 314 of the second conductivity type. A fifth semiconductor region 315 of the second conductivity type is disposed on the light incident surface side. A sixth semiconductor region 316 of the second conductivity type is disposed between the second semiconductor region 312 and the fifth semiconductor region 315.

[0052] The second conductivity type impurity concentration of the sixth semiconductor region 316 in a region that overlaps with the first semiconductor region 311 in a planar view may be higher than the second conductivity type impurity concentration of the sixth semiconductor region 316 in a region that does not overlap with the first semiconductor region 311 in a planar view.

[0053] A pinning film 341 for suppressing dark current may be disposed at the interface of the light incident surface. A known material can be used for the pinning film 341. A planarization layer 342, a filter layer 343, and a microlens 344 are disposed on the light incident surface side of the pinning film 341. Various optical filters such as a color filter, an infrared light cut filter, and a monochrome filter can be used for the filter layer 343. For the color filter, an RGB color filter, an RGBW color filter, etc. can be used.

[0054] A driving voltage is applied to each of the anode and cathode of the APD. Voltages that apply a reverse bias to the APD are applied as the driving voltages. Of these driving voltages, the voltage with a higher absolute value is applied to one of the anode and cathode of the APD via a pad electrode 352 arranged in a pad opening 355. Then, of the driving voltages, the voltage with a lower absolute value is applied to the other of the anode and cathode of the APD via a pad electrode 354 arranged in a pad opening 353. In FIG. 6, the voltage applied via the pad electrode 352 is applied to the anode of the APD, and the voltage applied via the pad electrode 354 is applied to the cathode of the APD.

[0055] The maximum diameter of the pad openings 353, 355 is preferably, for example, 50 μm or more, and more preferably 80 μm or more. The depth of the pad openings 353, 355 is preferably, for example, 1 μm or more and 30 μm or less, and more preferably 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less.

[0056] Of the driving voltages, the voltage with the higher absolute value is applied to the anode via the via 324. Specifically, the voltage is applied to the fourth semiconductor region 314 via the wiring 326, the via 324, and the contact plug 321 connected to the anode electrode of the APD. The wiring 326, the via 324, and the contact plug 321 each have the same potential as the anode electrode of the APD. The wiring 326 is the wiring closest to the semiconductor layer 302 among the wirings that supply the driving voltage to the fourth semiconductor region 314.

[0057] Of the driving voltages for the APD, the voltage with the lower absolute value is supplied through the pad electrode 354, via the via 331 connected to the wiring 332, and to the circuit board 21 through the wiring 332. Then, the driving voltage is supplied to the cathode electrode through the circuit board 21.

[0058] The signal charge avalanche-multiplied at the PN junction is supplied to the circuit board 21 via the contact plug 320, the reflective metal layer 322, the via 323, the wiring 325, the via 327, the wiring 328, the via 331 connected to the wiring 332, and the wiring 332. When the avalanche-multiplied charge is to be read out, the contact plug 320, the reflective metal layer 322, the via 323, the wiring 325, the via 327, the wiring 328, the via 331 connected to the wiring 332, and the wiring 332 are at the same potential as the cathode electrode of the APD.

[0059] The reflective metal layer 322 reflects light that has passed through the semiconductor layer 302. The reflective metal layer 322 is disposed so as to cover the avalanche multiplication region in a planar view. Preferably, the reflective metal layer 322 is disposed so as to cover the entire avalanche multiplication region in a planar view. In addition, the reflective metal layer 322 is preferably disposed so as to cover the entire first semiconductor region 311 in a planar view. The reflective metal layer 322 is configured as a wiring layer that is closest to the semiconductor layer 302 in the wiring structure. For example, long-wavelength light that cannot be absorbed by the semiconductor layer 302 can be reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 and made to enter the semiconductor layer 302 again. Therefore, the sensitivity to long-wavelength light that cannot be absorbed by the semiconductor layer 302 is improved.

[0060] It is preferable to select a material for the reflective metal layer 322 that maximizes the reflectance of the wavelength of light to be reflected. The material for the reflective metal layer 322 may be, for example, copper, aluminum, or the like. When copper is used, the reflectance of infrared light can be improved compared to when aluminum is used. Note that the use of copper here means that copper is used as the main component, and does not necessarily have to be made of copper alone. A material that accounts for more than 50% of the materials constituting the reflective metal layer 322 is called a main component. The use of aluminum similarly means that aluminum is the main component.

[0061] The pad electrode 352 may be made of aluminum, and all other wiring may be made of copper.

[0062] The reflective metal layer 322 may be made of a material different from that of the wiring 326 .

[0063] The larger the area of ​​the reflective metal layer 322, the more the amount of reflected light relative to the incident light can be increased, so it is preferable to arrange the reflective metal layer 322 with as large an area as possible. One of the APD drive voltages is applied to the reflective metal layer 322. If, as in the past, wiring to which the other of the two APD drive voltages is applied is arranged in the same layer as the reflective metal layer 322 and the reflective metal layer is made larger, the distance between the reflective metal layer and the wiring becomes shorter, which may make it impossible to ensure the withstand voltage.

[0064] Therefore, in this embodiment, the wiring layer in which the wiring 326, through which the voltage applied to one node of the APD is supplied, is arranged is different from the wiring layer in which the reflective metal layer 322 is arranged. That is, the reflective metal layer 322 is arranged in a layer closer to the semiconductor layer 302 than the wiring layer in which the wiring 326 is arranged. In other words, the distance between the reflective metal layer 322 and the semiconductor layer 302 is smaller than the distance between the wiring 326 and the semiconductor layer 302. For example, in FIG. 6, no wiring is arranged between the contact plug 321 and the via 324, and the contact plug 321 and the via 324 are directly stacked and connected to each other. That is, the contact plug is formed by stacking the first via and the second via. At least one of the contact plug 321 and the via 324 is arranged in the same wiring layer as the reflective metal layer 322, and no wiring for supplying a potential to the anode of the APD is arranged. That is, at the same height as the reflective metal layer 322, a part of the contact plug formed by stacking the first via and the second via is disposed.

[0065] The method of directly stacking the contact plug 321 and the via 324 is as follows.

[0066] First, contact plugs 320 and 321 are formed. Next, a reflective metal layer 322 is formed. At this time, the anode wiring is not formed. Next, vias 323 and 324 are formed. Next, wiring 325 and wiring 326 are formed.

[0067] Alternatively, the contact plug 321 and the via 324 may not be stacked and the distance between the reflective metal layer 322 and the semiconductor layer 302 may be made smaller than the distance between the wiring 326 and the semiconductor layer 302. In other words, the contact plug 321 may be formed deeper than the contact plug 320, and the contact plug 321 and the wiring 236 may be directly connected.

[0068] In this case, the manufacturing method is as follows. First, contact plug 320 is formed. Next, reflective metal layer 322 is formed. Next, via 323 is formed. Next, contact plug 321 is continuously formed from the second surface of semiconductor layer 302 to the depth of wiring 325 on the circuit board 21 side. Then, wiring 325 and wiring 326 are formed.

[0069] As described above, by bringing the reflective metal layer 322 closer to the semiconductor layer 302, the area of ​​the reflective metal layer 322 can be increased while ensuring the withstand voltage between the reflective metal layer 322 and the wiring 326, thereby improving the sensitivity of the APD to long-wavelength light.

[0070] The distance between the reflective metal layer 322 and the semiconductor layer 302 is, for example, preferably 0.05 μm to 2 μm, more preferably 0.1 μm to 0.8 μm. By making the distance equal to or greater than a predetermined value, it is possible to ensure the withstand voltage between the semiconductor layer 302 and the reflective metal layer 322. Furthermore, by making the distance equal to or less than a predetermined value, it becomes easier to reflect light that has passed through the semiconductor layer 302 back to the semiconductor layer 302, making it easier to improve the sensitivity of the APD.

[0071] The wiring 326, which has the same potential as the potential applied to the anode of the APD, is preferably disposed so as to cover the gap between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322 in a plan view. This allows light passing through the gap between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322 to be reflected by the wiring 326 and absorbed by the semiconductor layer 302. The wiring 326 is preferably disposed so as to continuously overlap the reflective metal layer 322 and the via 324 in a plan view.

[0072] An active region 411 and an element isolation region 412 are arranged in the semiconductor layer 402 of the circuit board 21. The element isolation region 412 may be formed using, for example, PN junction isolation or insulating isolation such as shallow trench isolation (STI) or deep trench isolation (DTI).

[0073] A signal output from the APD of the sensor substrate 11 is supplied to a processing circuit arranged on the circuit substrate 21 via a wiring 432, a via 431, a wiring 426, a via 425, a wiring 424, a via 423, a wiring 422, and a contact plug 421 that constitute metal bonding.

[0074] 6, pad electrode 354 and pad electrode 352 are disposed on sensor substrate 11. The voltage supplied from pad electrode 352 is supplied only to sensor substrate 11, and is not supplied to circuit substrate 21. The voltage supplied from pad electrode 354 is supplied to semiconductor layer 402 via a metal junction. In this manner, a voltage having a large absolute value among the driving voltages of the APD is not applied to circuit substrate 21, thereby suppressing a decrease in the reliability of the photoelectric conversion device.

[0075] 6, a metal joint is preferably provided between the pad electrode 352 and the semiconductor layer 402. This metal joint is not connected to wiring in other wiring layers. This metal joint ensures the bonding strength between the sensor substrate 11 and the circuit substrate 21 in the vicinity of the pad electrode 352.

[0076] In FIG. 6, metal junctions that are not connected to the semiconductor layers 302 and 402 are also shown in the pixel region. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the bonding strength between the sensor substrate 11 and the circuit substrate 21 even in the pixel region. The metal junctions are not essential, and it is sufficient that there is one metal junction for at least one APD in the pixel region for reading out a signal from the APD. In other words, it is sufficient that at least metal junctions for reading out a signal from the APD are arranged in correspondence with each APD. In addition, in FIG. 6, the size of the pad electrode is smaller than the size of the APD for ease of explanation, but the size of the APD may be smaller than the pad electrode. The number of metal junctions connected to the pad electrode 354 may be three or more.

[0077] 6, the pad electrodes 354 and 352 are arranged on the sensor substrate 11 side, but the pad electrodes 354 and 352 may be arranged on the circuit substrate 21 side. In this case, from the viewpoint of ensuring voltage resistance, the pad electrodes 354 and 352 are configured so that the potential applied from the pad electrode 352 is not applied to the semiconductor layer 402.

[0078] 7(a) is a schematic plan view of height A-A' where the reflective metal layer 322 in FIG. 6 is disposed, and FIG. 7(b) is a schematic plan view of height B-B' where the wirings 325, 326 in FIG. 6 are disposed.

[0079] 7(a), the plurality of vias 324 are arranged to surround the periphery of the reflective metal layer 322 in a plan view. In FIG. 6, the fourth semiconductor region 314 is arranged to surround the first semiconductor region 311 in a plan view. The plurality of vias 324 supply a potential to the fourth semiconductor region 314.

[0080] One of the two voltages for driving the APD is applied to the reflective metal layer 322, and the other of the two voltages for driving the APD is applied to the via 324. Therefore, as described above, it is necessary to ensure a distance between the reflective metal layer 322 and the via 324 that does not cause dielectric breakdown. The distance between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322 is, for example, preferably 0.4 μm to 1.5 μm, and more preferably 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm. By ensuring a certain distance or more, it is possible to ensure the withstand voltage of both, and by making the distance less than a certain distance, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the APD to long-wavelength light.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 7(b), wiring 325 having the same potential as the cathode electrode of the APD is electrically connected to the reflective metal layer 322 in FIG. 7(a), and the anode electrode of the APD and wiring 326 are electrically connected to the via 324 in FIG. 7(a).

[0082] As shown in Fig. 7(b), the wiring 326 is connected in a plan view. A voltage is applied to the anodes of the multiple APDs by supplying a potential from the pad electrode 352 shown in Fig. 6 to the wiring 326. That is, a common potential is supplied to the anodes of the multiple APDs via the common wiring 326. Meanwhile, the reflective metal layer 322 and the wiring 325 are arranged separately for each APD. That is, one reflective metal layer 322 and one wiring 325 are arranged for each APD. This makes it possible to read out the signals from each APD individually.

[0083] Other examples of the reflective metal layer 322, the wiring 325, and the wiring 326 will be described with reference to Fig. 8. Fig. 8(a) shows another example of the reflective metal layer 322 shown in Fig. 7(a), and Fig. 8(b) shows another example of the wirings 325 and 326 shown in Fig. 7(b).

[0084] 8(a) and 8(b) are different from FIG. 7 in that the reflective metal layer 322 and the wiring 325 have shapes with the corners cut in a plan view, and the wiring 326 has a shape that matches the shape of the wiring 325. In other words, in another example, the reflective metal layer 322 and the wiring 325 are octagonal in a plan view, and the openings of the wiring 326 corresponding to each wiring 325 are octagonal. That is, the reflective metal layer 322 includes eight sides, and the openings of the wiring 325 include eight sides. As described above, the reflective metal layer 322 and the wiring 325 are each supplied with a cathode voltage for driving the APD. In addition, the via 324 and the wiring 326 are supplied with an anode voltage for driving the APD. Since an electric field has a tendency to concentrate at a corner, if the reflective metal layer 322, the via 324, the wiring 325, and the wiring 326 have corners, the electric field may concentrate. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 8, the reflective metal layer 322 does not have corners of 90° or less, so that excessive concentration of the electric field at the corners can be suppressed.

[0085] Here, a square or octagon in plan view includes shapes with chamfered corners. In other words, in this specification, shapes that are macroscopically square or octagonal even without corners are referred to as square or octagonal. In addition, in the drawings, an example in which the reflective metal layer 322 has eight sides has been described, but as long as the reflective metal layer has at least five sides, the effect of suppressing electric field concentration can be obtained.

[0086] <Embodiment 2> A photoelectric conversion device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10. Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to the present embodiment. Fig. 10(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in Fig. 9, and Fig. 10(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B' in Fig. 9. The photoelectric conversion device according to the present embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in the position where the via 324 is arranged and in that the wiring 326 is not arranged continuously. Other than this point and the matters described below, the present embodiment is substantially similar to that of the first embodiment, and therefore the same reference numerals may be used to designate the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and description thereof may be omitted.

[0087] FIG. 9 is a pixel cross-sectional view in a first direction when the pixel array of the sensor substrate 11 is viewed in a plan view. The first direction is, for example, the opposite side direction of the APD. That is, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of the APDs arranged in the horizontal direction in FIG. 10(a). The vias 324 connected to the fourth semiconductor region 314 constituting the anode of the APD are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and are therefore not shown in FIG. 9. The second direction is, for example, the diagonal direction of the APD. The vias 324 are arranged on the diagonal line of the APD, and are therefore not shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10(a), the multiple vias 324 arranged around the reflective metal layer 322 are arranged only in the diagonal direction between the pixels, and are not arranged in the opposite side direction. That is, among the six APDs arranged in two rows and three columns, the vias 324 are arranged between the APDs arranged diagonally, and the vias 324 are not arranged between the APDs arranged left and right, up and down.

[0088] As in the first embodiment, a voltage with a low absolute value for driving the APD is applied to one of the reflective metal layer 322 and the via 324, and a voltage with a high absolute value for driving the APD is applied to the other. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a distance between the two that does not cause dielectric breakdown. For example, a voltage with a low absolute value for driving the APD is applied to the reflective metal layer 322, and a voltage with a high absolute value for driving the APD is applied to the via 324.

[0089] In this embodiment, reflective metal layers 322 of the same potential face adjacent pixels in the opposite direction. In other words, vias 324 are not arranged between adjacent pixels in the opposite direction. Therefore, compared to the first embodiment, the space between the reflective metal layers 322 arranged on the top, bottom, left and right can be reduced. Due to the structure of this embodiment, the area of ​​the reflective metal layer 322 can be arranged to be larger than that of the first embodiment, which makes it easier to improve the sensitivity of the pixel, particularly the sensitivity to long wavelength light.

[0090] 10(b) is a schematic plan view at height B-B' of the wiring layer in which the wirings 325 and 326 in FIG. 9 are arranged. The wiring 325 having the same potential as the cathode electrode of the APD is electrically connected to the reflective metal layer 322 in FIG. 10(a), and the wiring 326 having the same potential as the anode electrode of the APD is electrically connected to the via 324 in FIG. 10(a). In FIG. 10(b), the wiring 326 is arranged at a position corresponding to the wiring 325. In other words, the wiring 326 is not a continuous wiring, but a plurality of wirings 326 are arranged. This is not limiting, and the wiring 326 may be arranged continuously as shown in FIG. 7(b).

[0091] According to this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the APD while ensuring the withstand voltage between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322. Moreover, compared to the first embodiment, it is easier to improve the sensitivity of the APD.

[0092] As an example, when comparing the area of ​​the reflective metal layer with and without the adoption of this embodiment, although it depends on the wavelength, by adopting this embodiment, an increase in the reflective metal area of ​​approximately 10% or more can be expected for a pixel size of 5 μm or less.

[0093] <Embodiment 3> 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 3. The photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that a DTI 351 is provided as a separator between adjacent pixels. Other than this point and the matters described below, the photoelectric conversion device is substantially the same as embodiment 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as embodiment 1, and the description thereof may be omitted.

[0094] 11, a DTI 351 is disposed between adjacent pixels, which has the effect of suppressing crosstalk of light reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 to adjacent pixels.

[0095] 11, the DTI 351 is disposed to penetrate from the first surface to the second surface of the semiconductor layer 302. In this manner, by forming the DTI 351 in a penetrating structure, it is possible to further enhance the effect of suppressing crosstalk to adjacent pixels, compared to a case in which the DTI 351 has a non-penetrating structure.

[0096] It should be noted that the DTI 351 does not necessarily have to penetrate through the semiconductor layer 302, and may be disposed partially. For example, trench isolation may be disposed partially from the surface (second surface) on which the circuit board 21 is disposed toward the first surface. The depth of the non-penetrating DTI 351 is not particularly limited, but in order to suppress crosstalk, it is preferable that the depth be at least half the thickness of the semiconductor layer 302.

[0097] The DTI 351 can be filled with an oxide film or metal, but in order to suppress crosstalk as described above, it is preferable to fill it with metal. This makes it possible to further suppress crosstalk of light reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 to adjacent pixels. For example, when light reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 hits the DTI 351 at an angle θ, it is preferable to design the material and film thickness of the DTI to increase the reflectance at that wavelength and angle θ.

[0098] A fourth semiconductor region 314 of the second conductivity type is preferably disposed on the side wall of the DTI 351. This makes it possible to suppress the influence of dark current generated from the side wall of the DTI 351.

[0099] The contact plug 321 connected to the anode electrode of the APD is preferably disposed so as to cover the DTI 351 in a plan view. For example, the contact plug 321 is preferably disposed so as to contact the fourth semiconductor region 314 of a pixel, the DTI 351, and the fourth semiconductor region 314 of an adjacent pixel. This makes it possible to supply the driving voltage of the APD to each of the fourth semiconductor regions 314 of adjacent pixels via one contact plug 321.

[0100] According to the present embodiment, the sensitivity of the APD can be improved while ensuring the withstand voltage between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322, as in the first embodiment. Moreover, compared to the first embodiment, the sensitivity of the APD can be improved more easily. Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the effective length over which the light reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 is absorbed in the semiconductor layer 302 can be made longer, and therefore the sensitivity to long wavelength light can be improved more easily than in the first embodiment. Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the DTI 351 is provided to suppress the charge generated in a pixel from being mixed into an adjacent pixel. Furthermore, the DTI 351 is provided to easily reduce the incidence of light emitted from the avalanche multiplication region of the APD into an adjacent pixel.

[0101] <Embodiment 4> 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device in embodiment 4. The photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that scattering structures 356 are arranged on the first surface of the semiconductor layer 302. Other than this point and the matters described below, the photoelectric conversion device is substantially the same as embodiment 3. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as embodiment 3, and the description thereof may be omitted.

[0102] 12, a structure 356 that scatters and diffracts light is disposed on the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer 302. The scattered and diffracted light is also reflected by the reflective metal layer 322 and the DTI 351 between adjacent pixels. Therefore, the length that the incident light travels through the semiconductor layer 302 is effectively longer, and even if the thickness of the semiconductor layer 302 is the same as in the third embodiment, the proportion of light absorbed by the semiconductor layer 302 increases, making it possible to improve the sensitivity compared to the third embodiment.

[0103] A plurality of recesses are provided as the scattering structure 356. This makes it possible to increase the optical path length to the second surface by scattering the light incident from the first surface of the semiconductor layer 302. When the incident light is infrared light, it is necessary to increase the distance until photoelectric conversion and to reduce the light that escapes without being photoelectrically converted, so the effect is more pronounced in the case of infrared light.

[0104] The number and shape of the recesses provided in the scattering structure 356 can be appropriately designed according to the incident light. As shown in FIG. 12, the recesses may be triangular in cross section and provided over the entire first surface within the pixel. Alternatively, the recesses may be pyramidal. As shown in FIG. 13, the recesses may be provided in a part of the first surface within the pixel. According to the configuration of FIG. 12, the scattering and diffraction angles can be made gentle with respect to the incident angle of light. Therefore, the infrared sensitivity can be improved while suppressing the leakage of light to adjacent pixels.

[0105] As shown in Fig. 12, the width of one recess is preferably, for example, 1 / 30 to 1 / 3 of the width of a pixel. From another perspective, the width of one recess can be, for example, 10 nm to 1 µm. Moreover, the depth of one recess can be, for example, 1 / 50 to 1 / 3 of the distance from the first surface to the second surface.

[0106] The shape of the recesses can be, for example, a triangle or a trapezoid. The apex of the square or trapezoid may be rounded. The recesses do not need to be formed continuously on the first surface. For example, there may be an area between the recesses or between the recesses and the DTI 351 where no recesses are formed. The recesses can be formed by a known method such as dry etching.

[0107] An insulator is disposed in the recess of the scattering structure 356. The material of the insulator may be, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or the like.

[0108] According to this embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the APD while ensuring the withstand voltage between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322. Furthermore, compared to the third embodiment, it is possible to lengthen the optical path to the avalanche multiplication region by scattering the light in the scattering structure 356. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform photoelectric conversion of infrared light.

[0109] <Embodiment 5> 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device according to embodiment 5. The photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that the width of the DTI 351 is wider. Other than this point and the points described below, the photoelectric conversion device is substantially the same as embodiment 4. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same components as in embodiment 4, and the description thereof may be omitted.

[0110] 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pixel in the opposite side direction when the pixel region is viewed in a plan view. The width of the DTI 351 between adjacent pixels is set so that, for example, the DTI 351 and the reflective metal layer 322 overlap in a plan view. In a cross section passing through the APD, the reflective metal layer 322 is arranged below the APD, and the length from one end to the other end of the reflective metal layer 322 is longer than the length from one DTI 351 to the other DTI 351. The DTI 351 and the reflective metal layer 322 are arranged so that they overlap by, for example, a distance L1.

[0111] According to this embodiment, light scattered and diffracted by the DTI 351 arranged on the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer 302 is reflected back to the semiconductor layer 302 without leakage, thereby improving the sensitivity of the pixel compared to the fourth embodiment.

[0112] <Embodiment 6> 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device in embodiment 6. The photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the avalanche multiplication region is smaller than that of embodiment 1, and signal charges are collected in the avalanche multiplication region. Other than this point and the matters described below, the photoelectric conversion device is substantially the same as embodiment 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as embodiment 1, and the description thereof may be omitted.

[0113] A PN junction is formed between a first semiconductor region 311 of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor region 312 of a second conductivity type. A seventh semiconductor region 317 of a second conductivity type is disposed at a position overlapping the first semiconductor region 311 in a plan view. The seventh semiconductor region 317 has a lower potential for signal charges than the second semiconductor region 312. Charges photoelectrically converted in the sixth semiconductor region 316 are multiplied in an avalanche multiplication region formed between the first semiconductor region 311 and the second semiconductor region 312 when passing through the seventh semiconductor region 317, and are read out from a contact plug 320 for a cathode electrode.

[0114] Although the seventh semiconductor region is of the second conductivity type, the seventh semiconductor region may be of the first conductivity type as long as the potential described above can be realized. The seventh semiconductor region 317 may have a higher impurity concentration than the second semiconductor region 312 during ion implantation, or may have the same impurity concentration during ion implantation but may have a lower effective impurity concentration due to the influence of the ion implantation of the first semiconductor region 311, etc.

[0115] In this embodiment, the sixth semiconductor region 316 is composed of a semiconductor region of the first conductivity type. The sixth semiconductor region 316 may have a uniform impurity concentration, or the impurity concentration of the region overlapping with the seventh semiconductor region in a planar view may be higher than the impurity concentration of the region overlapping with the second semiconductor region 312 in a planar view. This allows a potential structure to be formed in which charges generated at the end of the sixth semiconductor region 316 also move toward the seventh semiconductor region 317. The end of the sixth semiconductor region 316 is, for example, the vicinity of the portion where the fourth semiconductor region 314 and the fifth semiconductor region 315 intersect, or the vicinity of the region where the fourth semiconductor region 314 and the second semiconductor region 312 intersect.

[0116] 15, the fifth semiconductor region 315 may be arranged to extend to between the pixel region and the pad electrode. In other words, the region in which the fifth semiconductor region 315 is arranged may be arranged to be larger than the pixel region in a plan view.

[0117] According to this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the APD while ensuring the withstand voltage between the via 324 and the reflective metal layer 322. Moreover, since the charges generated in the sixth semiconductor region 316 can be collected and avalanche multiplied, it is easy to improve the sensitivity of the APD. Furthermore, since the avalanche multiplication region can be made smaller, it is possible to reduce the dark current.

[0118] <Embodiment 7> 16 and 17 are schematic cross-sectional views of a photoelectric conversion device in embodiment 7. The photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment differs from embodiment 6 in that the shapes of the wiring layers are different compared to embodiment 6. Also, it differs from embodiment 7 in that the reflective metal layer 322 is not provided. Other than these points and the matters described below, the photoelectric conversion device of this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 6. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as embodiment 1, and the description thereof may be omitted.

[0119] Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of pixels arranged in the opposite direction. Fig. 17(a) is a schematic plan view taken along line A-A' in Fig. 16, and Fig. 17(b) is a schematic plan view taken along line B-B' in Fig. 16. Fig. 17(c) is a schematic plan view taken along line C-C' in Fig. 16, and Fig. 17(d) is a schematic plan view taken along line D-D' in Fig. 16. Fig. 17(a) illustrates a part of the semiconductor region of the semiconductor layer 302 in order to make it easier to understand which semiconductor region the contact plug is connected to.

[0120] The contact plug 321 is connected to the fourth semiconductor region 314 via an eighth semiconductor region 318 of the second conductivity type. The eighth semiconductor region 318 is a semiconductor region having a higher impurity concentration than the fourth semiconductor region 314. The fourth semiconductor region 314 and the eighth semiconductor region 318 may not be arranged at the same position as shown in FIG. 17(a), or the fourth semiconductor region 314 and the eighth semiconductor region 318 may be arranged at the same position. The eighth semiconductor region 318 may be arranged so as to overlap a part of the fourth semiconductor region 314 in a plan view. In this case, it is preferable that the contact plug 321 and the fourth semiconductor region 314 are arranged so as to overlap each other in a plan view.

[0121] As shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17(b), the wiring layer in which the wiring 335 is arranged includes the wiring 330 to which the driving voltage of the APD is supplied. That is, in this embodiment, the wiring for supplying one of the driving voltages of the APD and the wiring for supplying the other voltage are arranged in the same wiring layer. Even in this case, the withstand voltage can be ensured by ensuring the distance between the wiring 335 and the wiring 330. In addition, as shown in FIG. 17(b), the electric field may be concentrated at the corners of each wiring, making it easier for dielectric breakdown to occur. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17(b), the wiring 330 does not have corners of 90 degrees or less to ensure reliability. In addition, the shape of the opening of the wiring 325 is matched to the shape of the wiring 330.

[0122] 17(c), a plurality of vias 324 may be arranged. The vias 324 connected to the wiring 325 are applied with the APD driving voltage having the larger absolute value. By connecting to the wiring 325 through a plurality of vias 324 in this manner, the resistance can be reduced, and therefore the amount of voltage drop when the APD is driven can be reduced. The intervals between the vias 324 are preferably uniform, but may be offset.

[0123] As shown in Fig. 17(d), a wiring 326 and a wiring 325 are arranged. The wiring layer in which the wiring 325 is arranged and the layer in which the wiring 330 is arranged have substantially the same shape in a plan view. The wiring layer in which the wiring 326 is arranged is not necessary, but is preferably present. The wiring layer in which the wiring 328 shown in Fig. 17(e) is arranged is the same wiring layer as the pad electrode 352.

[0124] The driving voltage supplied from the pad electrode 352 is supplied to the anode electrode of the APD via a wiring arranged in the same layer as the wiring layer in which the wiring 325 is arranged, as shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 15. In this case, the via connecting the pad electrode and the wiring may be arranged shifted toward the pad electrode side from the via in the layer above, as shown in Fig. 15. By doing so, the number of vias can be increased at the edge of the pixel array compared to the inside of the pixel array, and the amount of voltage drop from the PAD when the APD is driven can be reduced.

[0125] In Figure 16, the material of the wiring layers other than the wiring that constitutes the metal junction of wiring structure 303 is aluminum, and the wiring that constitutes the metal junction and the wiring of wiring structure 403 are copper, but the material of the wiring layers other than the wiring that constitutes the metal junction of wiring structure 303 may also be copper.

[0126] According to this embodiment, by configuring the material and shape of the wiring for supplying the driving voltage to the APD as described above, it is possible to provide a highly reliable photoelectric conversion device.

[0127] <Embodiment 8> FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a light detection system 1200 according to this embodiment. The light detection system 1200 of this embodiment includes a photoelectric conversion device 1204. Here, any of the photoelectric conversion devices described in the above embodiments can be applied to the photoelectric conversion device 1204. The light detection system 1200 can be used as, for example, an imaging system. Specific examples of the imaging system include a digital still camera, a digital camcorder, and a surveillance camera. FIG. 18 shows an example of a digital still camera as the light detection system 1200.

[0128] 18 includes a photoelectric conversion device 1204, a lens 1202 that forms an optical image of a subject on the photoelectric conversion device 1204, an aperture 1203 that varies the amount of light passing through the lens 1202, and a barrier 1201 that protects the lens 1202. The lens 1202 and the aperture 1203 form an optical system that focuses light on the photoelectric conversion device 1204.

[0129] The light detection system 1200 has a signal processing unit 1205 that processes an output signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 1204. The signal processing unit 1205 performs signal processing operations such as performing various corrections and compression on an input signal as necessary and outputting the signal. The light detection system 1200 further has a buffer memory unit 1206 for temporarily storing image data, and an external interface unit (external I / F unit) 1209 for communicating with an external computer or the like. The light detection system 1200 further has a recording medium 1211 such as a semiconductor memory for recording or reading out imaging data, and a recording medium control interface unit (recording medium control I / F unit) 1210 for recording or reading out the imaging data on the recording medium 1211. The recording medium 1211 may be built in the light detection system 1200 or may be removable. In addition, communication between the recording medium control I / F unit 1210 and the recording medium 1211 and communication from the external I / F unit 1209 may be performed wirelessly.

[0130] Furthermore, the light detection system 1200 has an overall control / calculation unit 1208 that performs various calculations and controls the entire digital still camera, and a timing generation unit 1207 that outputs various timing signals to the photoelectric conversion device 1204 and the signal processing unit 1205. Here, the timing signals and the like may be input from the outside, and the light detection system 1200 may have at least the photoelectric conversion device 1204 and the signal processing unit 1205 that processes the output signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 1204. As described in the fourth embodiment, the timing generation unit 1207 may be mounted on the photoelectric conversion device. The overall control / calculation unit 1208 and the timing generation unit 1207 may be configured to implement a part or all of the control functions of the photoelectric conversion device 1204.

[0131] The photoelectric conversion device 1204 outputs an image signal to the signal processing unit 1205. The signal processing unit 1205 performs a predetermined signal processing on the image signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 1204 and outputs image data. The signal processing unit 1205 generates an image using the image signal. The signal processing unit 1205 may perform distance measurement calculation on the signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 1204. The signal processing unit 1205 and the timing generating unit 1207 may be mounted on the photoelectric conversion device. That is, the signal processing unit 1205 and the timing generating unit 1207 may be provided on a substrate on which pixels are arranged, or may be provided on a different substrate. By configuring an imaging system using the photoelectric conversion device of each of the above-mentioned embodiments, an imaging system capable of acquiring a better quality image can be realized.

[0132] <Embodiment 9> FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a range image sensor, which is an electronic device that uses the photoelectric conversion device described in the above embodiment.

[0133] 19, the distance image sensor 401 is configured to include an optical system 407, a photoelectric conversion device 408, an image processing circuit 404, a monitor 405, and a memory 406. The distance image sensor 401 can obtain a distance image according to the distance to the subject by receiving light (modulated light or pulsed light) that is projected from a light source device 409 toward the subject and reflected from the surface of the subject.

[0134] The optical system 407 is configured to have one or more lenses, and guides image light (incident light) from a subject to a photoelectric conversion device 408 , forming an image on the light receiving surface (sensor portion) of the photoelectric conversion device 408 .

[0135] As the photoelectric conversion device 408 , the photoelectric conversion device of each of the above-mentioned embodiments is applied, and a distance signal indicating a distance determined from a light reception signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 408 is supplied to the image processing circuit 404 .

[0136] The image processing circuit 404 performs image processing to construct a distance image based on the distance signal supplied from the photoelectric conversion device 408. The distance image (image data) obtained by this image processing is then supplied to a monitor 405 for display, or supplied to a memory 406 for storage (recording).

[0137] In the range image sensor 401 configured in this way, by applying the above-described photoelectric conversion device, it is possible to obtain, for example, a more accurate range image as the pixel characteristics improve.

[0138] <Embodiment 10> The technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.

[0139] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied.

[0140] 20 shows a state in which an operator (doctor) 1131 is performing surgery on a patient 1132 on a patient bed 1133 using an endoscopic surgery system 1003. As shown in the figure, the endoscopic surgery system 1003 is composed of an endoscope 1100, a surgical tool 1110, and a cart 1134 on which various devices for endoscopic surgery are mounted.

[0141] The endoscope 1100 is composed of a lens barrel 1101, a region of a predetermined length from the tip of which is inserted into a body cavity of a patient 1132, and a camera head 1102 connected to the base end of the lens barrel 1101. In the illustrated example, the endoscope 1100 is configured as a so-called rigid lens barrel having a rigid lens barrel 1101, but the endoscope 1100 may be configured as a so-called flexible lens barrel having a flexible lens barrel.

[0142] An opening into which an objective lens is fitted is provided at the tip of the lens barrel 1101. A light source device 1203 is connected to the endoscope 1100, and light generated by the light source device 1203 is guided to the tip of the lens barrel 1101 by a light guide extending inside the lens barrel 1101, and is irradiated via the objective lens toward an observation target in a body cavity of a patient 1132. The endoscope 1100 may be a direct-viewing endoscope, an oblique-viewing endoscope, or a side-viewing endoscope.

[0143] An optical system and a photoelectric conversion device are provided inside the camera head 1102, and reflected light (observation light) from an observation target is collected by the optical system onto the photoelectric conversion device. The observation light is photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion device to generate an electrical signal corresponding to the observation light, i.e., an image signal corresponding to an observation image. The photoelectric conversion device described in each of the above-mentioned embodiments can be used as the photoelectric conversion device. The image signal is transmitted to a camera control unit (CCU) 1135 as RAW data.

[0144] The CCU 1135 is configured with a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), etc., and performs overall control of the operations of the endoscope 1100 and the display device 1136. Furthermore, the CCU 1135 receives an image signal from the camera head 1102, and performs various types of image processing on the image signal, such as development processing (demosaic processing), for displaying an image based on the image signal.

[0145] Under the control of the CCU 1135 , the display device 1136 displays an image based on an image signal that has been subjected to image processing by the CCU 1135 .

[0146] The light source device 1203 is composed of a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and supplies the endoscope 1100 with irradiation light when photographing an operation site or the like.

[0147] The input device 1137 is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system 1003. A user can input various information and instructions to the endoscopic surgery system 1003 via the input device 1137.

[0148] The treatment tool control device 1138 controls the driving of the energy treatment tool 1112 for cauterizing tissue, incising, sealing blood vessels, or the like.

[0149] The light source device 1203 that supplies irradiation light to the endoscope 1100 when photographing the surgical site can be composed of a white light source composed of, for example, an LED, a laser light source, or a combination of these. When the white light source is composed of a combination of RGB laser light sources, the output intensity and output timing of each color (each wavelength) can be controlled with high precision, so that the white balance of the captured image can be adjusted in the light source device 1203. In this case, it is also possible to capture images corresponding to each of the RGB colors in a time-division manner by irradiating the observation target with laser light from each of the RGB laser light sources in a time-division manner and controlling the driving of the image sensor of the camera head 1102 in synchronization with the irradiation timing. According to this method, a color image can be obtained without providing a color filter to the image sensor.

[0150] Furthermore, the light source device 1203 may be controlled to change the intensity of the light it outputs at predetermined time intervals. By controlling the driving of the image sensor of the camera head 1102 in synchronization with the timing of the change in the light intensity to acquire images in a time-division manner and synthesizing the images, it is possible to generate an image with a high dynamic range that is free of so-called blocked-up shadows and blown-out highlights.

[0151] The light source device 1203 may be configured to supply light in a predetermined wavelength band corresponding to the special light observation. In the special light observation, for example, the wavelength dependency of light absorption in body tissue is utilized. Specifically, a predetermined tissue such as blood vessels on the mucous membrane surface is photographed with high contrast by irradiating light in a narrower band than the irradiation light (i.e., white light) in normal observation. Alternatively, the special light observation may be a fluorescent observation in which an image is obtained by fluorescence generated by irradiating excitation light. In the fluorescent observation, it is possible to irradiate excitation light to the body tissue and observe the fluorescence from the body tissue, or to locally inject a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) into the body tissue and irradiate the body tissue with excitation light corresponding to the fluorescent wavelength of the reagent to obtain a fluorescent image. The light source device 1203 may be configured to supply narrow band light and / or excitation light corresponding to such special light observation.

[0152] <Embodiment 11> The light detection system and the moving body of this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 21 and Fig. 22. Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the light detection system and the moving body according to this embodiment. Fig. 22 is a flow diagram showing the operation of the light detection system according to this embodiment. In this embodiment, an example of an in-vehicle camera is shown as the light detection system.

[0153] FIG. 21 shows an example of a vehicle system and a photodetection system mounted thereon for capturing images. The photodetection system 1301 includes a photoelectric conversion device 1302, an image preprocessing unit 1315, an integrated circuit 1303, and an optical system 1314. The optical system 1314 forms an optical image of a subject on the photoelectric conversion device 1302. The photoelectric conversion device 1302 converts the optical image of the subject formed by the optical system 1314 into an electrical signal. The photoelectric conversion device 1302 is any of the photoelectric conversion devices according to the above-mentioned embodiments. The image preprocessing unit 1315 performs predetermined signal processing on the signal output from the photoelectric conversion device 1302. The function of the image preprocessing unit 1315 may be incorporated in the photoelectric conversion device 1302. The light detection system 1301 is provided with at least two sets of an optical system 1314 , a photoelectric conversion device 1302 , and an image pre-processing unit 1315 , and the output from each set of image pre-processing units 1315 is input to the integrated circuit 1303 .

[0154] The integrated circuit 1303 is an integrated circuit for use in an imaging system, and includes an image processing unit 1304 including a memory 1305, an optical distance measuring unit 1306, a distance measuring calculation unit 1307, an object recognition unit 1308, and an abnormality detection unit 1309. The image processing unit 1304 performs image processing such as development processing and defect correction on the output signal of the image pre-processing unit 1315. The memory 1305 temporarily stores the captured image and stores the defective positions of the captured pixels. The optical distance measuring unit 1306 performs focusing and distance measurement of the subject. The distance measuring calculation unit 1307 calculates distance measurement information from multiple image data acquired by multiple photoelectric conversion devices 1302. The object recognition unit 1308 recognizes subjects such as cars, roads, signs, and people. When the abnormality detection unit 1309 detects an abnormality in the photoelectric conversion device 1302, it notifies the main control unit 1313 of the abnormality.

[0155] The integrated circuit 1303 may be realized by dedicated hardware, a software module, or a combination of these. It may also be realized by a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or the like, or a combination of these.

[0156] The main control unit 1313 supervises and controls the operations of the light detection system 1301, the vehicle sensor 1310, the control unit 1320, etc. It is also possible to adopt a method in which the main control unit 1313 is not provided, and the light detection system 1301, the vehicle sensor 1310, and the control unit 1320 each have their own communication interface and transmit and receive control signals via a communication network (for example, CAN standard).

[0157] The integrated circuit 1303 has a function of receiving a control signal from the main control unit 1313 or transmitting a control signal or a set value to the photoelectric conversion device 1302 by its own control unit.

[0158] The optical detection system 1301 is connected to a vehicle sensor 1310, and can detect the vehicle's driving state, such as vehicle speed, yaw rate, and steering angle, as well as the state of the environment outside the vehicle, other vehicles, and obstacles. The vehicle sensor 1310 is also a distance information acquisition means for acquiring distance information to an object. The optical detection system 1301 is also connected to a driving assistance control unit 1311 that performs various driving assistance functions, such as automatic steering, automatic cruising, and collision prevention functions. In particular, the collision determination function determines whether or not a collision with another vehicle or obstacle has occurred based on the detection results of the optical detection system 1301 and the vehicle sensor 1310. This allows for avoidance control when a collision is estimated, and activation of a safety device when a collision occurs.

[0159] The light detection system 1301 is also connected to an alarm device 1312 that issues an alarm to the driver based on the result of the determination by the collision determination unit. For example, if the collision determination unit determines that there is a high possibility of a collision, the main control unit 1313 performs vehicle control to avoid a collision and reduce damage by applying the brakes, releasing the accelerator, suppressing engine output, etc. The alarm device 1312 warns the user by sounding an alarm, displaying alarm information on a display screen such as a car navigation system or a meter panel, vibrating the seat belt or steering wheel, etc.

[0160] In this embodiment, the surroundings of the vehicle, for example, the front or rear, are photographed by the light detection system 1301. Fig. 21(b) shows an example of the arrangement of the light detection system 1301 when the light detection system 1301 photographs the area in front of the vehicle.

[0161] The two photoelectric conversion devices 1302 are disposed in front of the vehicle 1300. Specifically, if the center line of the vehicle 1300 relative to its forward / backward direction or outer shape (for example, vehicle width) is regarded as an axis of symmetry, and the two photoelectric conversion devices 1302 are disposed in line symmetry with respect to the axis of symmetry, this is preferable for obtaining distance information between the vehicle 1300 and an object to be photographed and for determining the possibility of a collision. In addition, the photoelectric conversion devices 1302 are preferably disposed so as not to obstruct the driver's field of vision when the driver visually checks the situation outside the vehicle 1300 from the driver's seat. The alarm device 1312 is preferably disposed so as to be easily within the driver's field of vision.

[0162] Next, a fault detection operation of the photoelectric conversion device 1302 in the light detection system 1301 will be described with reference to Fig. 22. The fault detection operation of the photoelectric conversion device 1302 is performed in accordance with steps S1410 to S1480 shown in Fig. 22.

[0163] Step S1410 is a step for performing startup settings of the photoelectric conversion device 1302. That is, settings for the operation of the photoelectric conversion device 1302 are transmitted from outside the photodetection system 1301 (e.g., the main control unit 1313) or from inside the photodetection system 1301, and the image capturing operation and fault detection operation of the photoelectric conversion device 1302 are started.

[0164] Next, in step S1420, pixel signals are obtained from the valid pixels. In addition, in step S1430, output values ​​are obtained from failure detection pixels provided for failure detection. These failure detection pixels have photoelectric conversion elements, just like the valid pixels. A predetermined voltage is written to these photoelectric conversion elements. The failure detection pixels output signals corresponding to the voltage written to these photoelectric conversion elements. Note that steps S1420 and S1430 may be reversed.

[0165] Next, in step S1440, a judgment is made as to whether the output expected value of the fault detection pixel corresponds to the output value from the actual fault detection pixel. If the result of the judgment in step S1440 indicates that the output expected value and the actual output value correspond, the process proceeds to step S1450, it is judged that the imaging operation is performed normally, and the process proceeds to step S1460. In step S1460, the pixel signal of the scanning row is sent to the memory 1305 and temporarily stored. Thereafter, the process returns to step S1420, and the fault detection operation is continued. On the other hand, if the result of the judgment in step S1440 indicates that the output expected value and the actual output value do not correspond, the process proceeds to step S1470. In step S1470, it is judged that there is an abnormality in the imaging operation, and an alarm is issued to the main control unit 1313 or the alarm device 1312. The alarm device 1312 displays the detection of the abnormality on the display unit. Thereafter, in step S1480, the photoelectric conversion device 1302 is stopped, and the operation of the photodetection system 1301 is terminated.

[0166] In this embodiment, the flowchart is looped for each line, but the flowchart may be looped for each set of lines, or the fault detection operation may be performed for each frame. The issuance of the alarm in step S1470 may be notified to the outside of the vehicle via a wireless network.

[0167] In addition, in this embodiment, the control to prevent collision with other vehicles has been described, but the control can also be applied to automatic driving control to follow other vehicles, automatic driving control not to go out of the lane, etc. Furthermore, the light detection system 1301 is not limited to vehicles such as the vehicle itself, but can be applied to moving bodies (moving devices) such as ships, aircraft, and industrial robots. In addition, the light detection system 1301 is not limited to moving bodies, but can be applied to a wide range of devices that use object recognition, such as intelligent transport systems (ITS).

[0168] The photoelectric conversion device of the present invention may further be configured to be capable of acquiring various types of information such as distance information.

[0169] <Embodiment 12> FIG. 23(a) illustrates glasses 1600 (smart glasses) according to one application example. The glasses 1600 have a photoelectric conversion device 1602. The photoelectric conversion device 1602 is the photoelectric conversion device described in each of the above embodiments. A display device including a light-emitting device such as an OLED or LED may be provided on the rear side of the lens 1601. The photoelectric conversion device 1602 may be one or more. A combination of multiple types of photoelectric conversion devices may also be used. The arrangement position of the photoelectric conversion device 1602 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 23(a).

[0170] The glasses 1600 further include a control device 1603. The control device 1603 functions as a power source that supplies power to the photoelectric conversion device 1602 and the display device. The control device 1603 also controls the operations of the photoelectric conversion device 1602 and the display device. The lens 1601 is formed with an optical system for focusing light on the photoelectric conversion device 1602.

[0171] FIG. 23(b) illustrates glasses 1610 (smart glasses) according to one application example. The glasses 1610 have a control device 1612, and the control device 1612 is equipped with a photoelectric conversion device corresponding to the photoelectric conversion device 1602 and a display device. The lens 1611 is formed with an optical system for projecting light emitted from the photoelectric conversion device in the control device 1612 and the display device, and an image is projected onto the lens 1611. The control device 1612 functions as a power source for supplying power to the photoelectric conversion device and the display device, and controls the operation of the photoelectric conversion device and the display device. The control device may have a line of sight detection unit that detects the line of sight of the wearer. Infrared light may be used for detecting the line of sight. The infrared light emission unit emits infrared light to the eyeball of a user gazing at a display image. An imaging unit having a light receiving element detects the reflected light of the emitted infrared light from the eyeball, thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball. By having a reduction means for reducing light from the infrared light emission unit to the display unit in a planar view, deterioration of image quality is reduced.

[0172] The gaze of the user with respect to the displayed image is detected from an image of the eyeball obtained by capturing infrared light. Any known method can be applied to gaze detection using the image of the eyeball. As an example, a gaze detection method based on a Purkinje image formed by reflection of irradiated light on the cornea can be used.

[0173] More specifically, the gaze detection process is performed based on the pupil-corneal reflex method. Using the pupil-corneal reflex method, a gaze vector that indicates the direction (rotation angle) of the eyeball is calculated based on the pupil image and the Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball, thereby detecting the user's gaze.

[0174] The display device of this embodiment may have a photoelectric conversion device having a light receiving element, and may control the display image of the display device based on information about the user's line of sight from the photoelectric conversion device.

[0175] Specifically, the display device determines a first field of view area to which the user gazes and a second field of view area other than the first field of view area based on the line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be received from an external control device. In the display area of ​​the display device, the display resolution of the first field of view area may be controlled to be higher than the display resolution of the second field of view area. In other words, the resolution of the second field of view area may be lower than that of the first field of view area.

[0176] The display area may have a first display area and a second display area different from the first display area, and a high priority area may be determined from the first display area and the second display area based on line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be received from an external control device. The resolution of the high priority area may be controlled to be higher than the resolution of areas other than the high priority area. In other words, the resolution of an area with a relatively low priority may be lowered.

[0177] In addition, AI may be used to determine the first field of view area and the area with high priority. The AI ​​may be a model configured to estimate the angle of the line of sight and the distance to an object at the end of the line of sight from the image of the eyeball, using the image of the eyeball and the direction in which the eyeball in the image was actually looking as teacher data. The AI ​​program may be included in the display device, the photoelectric conversion device, or an external device. If included in the external device, it is transmitted to the display device via communication.

[0178] When display control is performed based on visual recognition detection, the present invention is preferably applicable to smart glasses further including a photoelectric conversion device for capturing an image of the outside world. The smart glasses can display captured outside information in real time.

[0179] <Other embodiments> Although the embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various changes and modifications are possible. In addition, the embodiments are mutually applicable. [Explanation of symbols]

[0180] 311 First semiconductor region 312 Second semiconductor region 314 4th Semiconductor Region 322 2nd wiring 326 1st wiring

Claims

1. a semiconductor layer having a light incident surface and including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements; a wiring structure disposed on a surface of the semiconductor layer opposite to the light incident surface, each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements includes an avalanche photodiode; The avalanche photodiode has a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type in which charges of the same polarity as a signal charge are used as majority carriers, and a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type; a driving voltage is supplied to the second semiconductor region via the second conductive type semiconductor region; the wiring structure includes a first wiring that supplies a drive voltage to the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type and is closest to the semiconductor layer, and a second wiring that is arranged in the same wiring layer as the first wiring and supplies a drive voltage to the first semiconductor region; The first wiring has an opening, the second wiring is disposed in the opening of the first wiring in a plan view, The opening of the first wiring has five or more sides.

2. 2 . The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the number of sides of the opening of the first wiring is the same as the number of sides of the second wiring.

3. 3. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring is formed with eight sides in a plan view.

4. the second wiring and the first semiconductor region are connected via a second contact plug; 4. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second contact plug is disposed at a center of the first semiconductor region in a plan view.

5. a second semiconductor layer having a signal processing circuit for processing a signal output from the avalanche photodiode; 5. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor layer and the semiconductor layer are stacked.

6. 6. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second wiring is disposed so as to cover the entire area of ​​the first semiconductor region in a plan view.

7. 7. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second wiring is mainly made of copper.

8. 7. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second wiring is mainly made of aluminum.

9. 9. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein a trench isolation is provided between the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.

10. The photovoltaic conversion device according to claim 9 , wherein the trench isolation penetrates the semiconductor layer.

11. 10. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 9, wherein the trench isolation is filled with a metal.

12. 12. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the light incident surface of the semiconductor layer has a plurality of recesses.

13. the avalanche photodiode includes a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type; The third semiconductor region is larger than the first semiconductor region in a plan view, 13. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein signal charges generated in the third semiconductor region are collected in the first semiconductor region.

14. 14. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second wiring is arranged so as to overlap the semiconductor region of the second conductivity type in a plan view.

15. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , and a signal processing unit that processes a signal output from the photoelectric conversion device.

16. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , a distance information acquisition means for acquiring distance information to an object from distance measurement information based on a signal from the photoelectric conversion device, A moving body further comprising a control means for controlling the moving body based on the distance information.

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