Composite floor

Abstract

To provide a composite floor having excellent stress transmission properties between a wood face material and a concrete slab, without lowering of productivity of the wood face material and lowering of site workability of the concrete slab.SOLUTION: A composite floor 60 has a wood face material 10 and a concrete slab 20 disposed on a wide face 15 of the wood face material 10. To the wide face 15, a first steel piece 31 of a shaped steel 30 having at least the first steel piece 31 and a second steel piece 35 intersecting each other is fixed through a fastener 40. The shaped steel 30 is embedded in the concrete slab 20 with the second steel piece 35 erected from the wide face 15. The second steel piece 35 has an opening 36. The concrete of the concrete slab 20 penetrates through the opening 36 to form a peeling resistance mechanism 25 between the concrete slab 20 and the wood face material 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to synthetic flooring. [Background technology]

[0002] On October 1, 2010, the "Law for Promoting the Use of Wood in Public Buildings, etc." came into effect. One of the aims of this law is to contribute to the realization of carbon neutrality and the prevention of global warming. For example, efforts are being made to promote the use of wood in low-rise public buildings (converting to wooden structures) and woodification (using wood for interior decoration, etc.).

[0003] Furthermore, a 2000 amendment to the Building Standards Act eliminated the previous restriction that wooden buildings must be no more than three stories high. Now, even if the main structural members are made of wood, wooden buildings can be four stories or higher, provided that they are fire-resistant. This, combined with the above-mentioned Wood Utilization Promotion Act, is expected to lead to an increase in the construction of wooden buildings, including high-rise buildings.

[0004] Now, looking at the floors of buildings such as apartment buildings, when floors are constructed using only wood such as wood surface materials, in order to improve or enhance performance issues that are problematic for wood, such as sound insulation and fire resistance, a composite floor is sometimes constructed in which wood surface materials are laminated with a concrete floor slab. This is proposed, for example, in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

[0005] Patent Document 1 proposes a load-bearing board member, which comprises wood layers laminated so that the fiber direction of the wood fibers crosses in each layer, and a concrete layer or mortar layer joined to one surface of the wood layer, and the wood layer and the concrete layer or mortar layer are connected via stress transmission means. More specifically, a plurality of recesses are formed on the upper surface of the wood layer, and lag screws, which are stress transmission means, are screwed into the recesses, and concrete flows into the recesses to form protrusions that engage with the recesses.

[0006] On the other hand, Patent Document 2 proposes a composite floor structure, which comprises a wooden floor made of wood materials, a reinforced concrete slab placed on the upper surface of the wooden floor, and wood screw-like screws driven into the upper surface of the wooden floor to connect the wooden floor and the reinforced concrete slab, and no fire-resistant covering material is provided on the underside of the wooden floor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-78307 A [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-173020 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The load-bearing board member described in Patent Document 1 is said to be able to reduce the weight of the load-bearing board member and improve its strength. Meanwhile, the composite floor structure described in Patent Document 2 is said to be able to expose the wooden surface of the wooden floor structure by not providing a fire-resistant covering material on the underside of the wooden floor structure.

[0009] However, the load-bearing board member described in Patent Document 1 requires the machining of recesses into the wood layer, which requires time and effort to produce the wood layer, posing a problem in terms of productivity, and this problem becomes even more pronounced when the number of recesses is increased.

[0010] On the other hand, in the composite floor structure described in Patent Document 2, stress is transmitted between the wooden structural floor and the reinforced concrete slab using screws, so it is unavoidable that a large number of screws are required to achieve the specified stress transmission performance. This means that the reinforced concrete slab must be constructed under conditions in which a large number of screws protrude from the top surface of the wooden structural floor, posing an issue of reduced workability of the reinforced concrete slab.

[0011] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a composite floor that has excellent stress transmission properties between wood surface materials and concrete floor slabs, and does not pose a risk of reduced productivity of the wood surface materials or reduced on-site workability of the concrete floor slabs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the synthetic bed according to the present invention is: A composite floor having a wood surface material and a concrete floor slab arranged on one wide surface of the wood surface material, A first steel piece of a shaped steel material having at least a first steel piece and a second steel piece intersecting each other is fixed to the wide surface via a fastener, and the shaped steel material is embedded inside the concrete floor slab with the second steel piece standing upright from the wide surface to form a shear key, The second steel piece has an opening through which the concrete of the concrete slab passes, forming a peeling resistance mechanism between the concrete slab and the wooden surface material.

[0013] According to this embodiment, by applying a shaped steel material fixed to the wide surface of the wooden surface material and embedded in the concrete slab as a stress transfer mechanism between the wooden surface material and the concrete slab, the shaped steel material acts as a shear key, forming a composite floor with excellent stress transfer properties, and there are no problems with the reduced workability of the concrete slab when applying a large number of screws, or the reduced manufacturability caused by machining recesses in the wooden surface material. Here, the second steel piece erected from the wide surface of the wooden surface material and embedded in the concrete slab forms a bearing resistance mechanism against the acting shear force, and the bearing resistance performance can be changed by adjusting the area of ​​the second steel piece.

[0014] Furthermore, a penetration concrete body formed by filling the opening in the second steel piece of the shaped steel with concrete from the concrete slab forms a peeling resistance mechanism (or separation resistance mechanism) that resists peeling (separation) in the vertical direction between the concrete slab and the wooden surface material. The peeling resistance performance can be changed by adjusting the size of the opening (cross-sectional area of ​​the penetration concrete body). In addition to providing a peeling resistance mechanism, the structure in which concrete penetrates the opening in the second steel piece also forms a shear resistance mechanism between the shaped steel material fixed to the wooden surface material and the concrete slab.

[0015] Here, various types of reinforcing bars are arranged inside the concrete deck, such as double reinforcement, which has upper and lower end reinforcements, both of which are arranged in a grid pattern with multiple reinforcing bars in perpendicular directions, and single reinforcement, which has multiple reinforcing bars arranged in a grid pattern in perpendicular directions at the center of the deck thickness.

[0016] In addition, "shaped steel material having at least a first steel piece and a second steel piece" includes angle steel (one first steel piece and one second steel piece), channel steel (one second steel piece and two first steel pieces), Z-shaped steel (one second steel piece and two first steel pieces), H-shaped steel (one second steel piece and two first steel pieces), etc.

[0017] This embodiment includes a configuration in which a single long steel shaped member is fixed to the wide surface of the wooden panel, and a configuration in which multiple long or short steel shaped members are fixed to the wide surface of the wooden panel. From the viewpoint of stress transmission throughout the entire area of ​​the wooden panel and the concrete deck, however, a configuration in which multiple steel shaped members are fixed to the wooden panel is preferred.

[0018] Regardless of the form, the use of shaped steel members means that a composite floor with the required stress transfer properties does not require a large number of screws, and there is no risk of reduced workability when constructing a concrete floor slab above a wooden surface material.

[0019] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is A shaft member passes through the opening and is embedded inside the concrete deck, forming the peeling resistance mechanism.

[0020] According to this embodiment, the shaft member penetrates the opening of the second steel piece of the shaped steel material and is embedded in the concrete floor slab, so that the shaft member can form a peeling resistance mechanism between the concrete floor slab and the wooden surface material. Here, the peeling resistance performance can be changed by adjusting the length and thickness of the shaft member. The shaft member includes bolts and reinforcing bars (deformed steel bars, round steel bars), etc.

[0021] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is The steel member is an angle steel, a channel steel, or a Z-shaped steel, The fastener is characterized in that it is a screw including a wood screw, a screw including a wood screw, a nail, or a lag screw bolt.

[0022] According to this embodiment, the shaped steel material is an angle steel, a channel steel, or a Z-shaped steel, so that the composite floor can be formed from shaped steel material that is easy to obtain, has excellent workability such as transportability and assembly, and has excellent stress transmission properties. Also, the fasteners are wood screws, wood screws, nails, and lag screws and bolts, so that the shaped steel material can be fixed to the wooden surface material with fasteners that are easy to obtain, have excellent fastening properties, and have high joining strength.

[0023] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is The wooden surface material is one of laminated lumber, solid wood, structural plywood, laminated veneer lumber, cross-laminated lumber, and nail-jointed laminated lumber.

[0024] According to this embodiment, the wood surface material is any one of laminated timber, solid wood, structural plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), cross laminated timber (CLT), and nail laminated timber (NLT), so that various types of wood surface materials can be applied.

[0025] In particular, when the wooden surface material is a cross-laminated board, it is preferable because, for example, a wider range of wooden surface materials with different length and width dimensions can be applied compared to other forms, and therefore the number of connection points between wooden surface materials on site can be reduced as much as possible.

[0026] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is The present invention is characterized in that a plurality of long steel members are fixed at intervals to the wide surface.

[0027] According to this embodiment, multiple long steel sections are fixed at intervals to the wide surface of the wooden panel, which improves the ease of fixing the steel sections to the wooden panel, thereby contributing to further improving the ease of construction of the composite floor and forming a composite floor with excellent stress transfer properties between the wooden panel and the concrete floor slab.

[0028] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is The present invention is characterized in that a plurality of short steel sections are fixed intermittently in rows in the longitudinal direction of the steel sections to the wide surface, and the rows are arranged at intervals.

[0029] According to this embodiment, a plurality of short steel sections are intermittently fixed in rows in the longitudinal direction of the steel section to the wide surface of the wooden panel, and the multiple rows are spaced apart, thereby forming a composite floor with excellent stress transfer properties between the wooden panel and the concrete floor slab.

[0030] Another aspect of the synthetic floor according to the present invention is The device is characterized in that a plurality of short steel sections are fixed to the wide surface in rows in the longitudinal direction of the steel sections, with the longitudinal direction intermittently changed alternately, and the plurality of rows are arranged at intervals.

[0031] According to this embodiment, a number of short steel sections are fixed to the wide surface of the wooden panel in rows along the longitudinal direction of the steel sections, with the longitudinal direction intermittently changing alternately, and the multiple rows are spaced apart, thereby forming a composite floor with excellent stress transfer properties between the wooden panel and the concrete floor slab. Effect of the Invention

[0032] As can be understood from the above explanation, the composite floor of the present invention can provide a composite floor that has excellent stress transmission properties between the wood surface material and the concrete floor slab, and does not pose any risk of reduced productivity of the wood surface material or reduced on-site workability of the concrete floor slab. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0033] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a synthetic floor according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] 2 is a view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and is a longitudinal sectional view of the shaped steel material as seen from the front. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another example of a synthetic floor according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a plan view of the state in which shaped steel members are attached to the wide surfaces of the wooden surface members that form the composite floor shown in FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of a state in which multiple steel shaped members are attached to the wide surface of a wooden panel material. [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of a state in which multiple steel shaped members are attached to the wide surface of a wooden panel material. [Figure 7] 13 is a plan view showing yet another example of a state in which multiple steel shaped members are attached to the wide surface of a wooden panel material. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0034] Hereinafter, a synthetic floor according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and the drawings, substantially the same components are designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant description.

[0035] [Synthetic floor according to the embodiment] An example of a composite floor according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7. Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an example of a composite floor according to an embodiment, and Fig. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in Fig. 1, showing a vertical cross-sectional view of a shaped steel material from the front. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another example of a composite floor according to an embodiment, and Fig. 4 is a plan view of a state in which a shaped steel material is attached to the wide surface of a wooden surface material forming the composite floor shown in Fig. 3, as viewed from above. Figs. 5 to 7 are plan views of an example of a state in which a plurality of shaped steel materials are attached to the wide surface of a wooden surface material, as viewed from above.

[0036] The composite floor 60 has a wooden surface material 10 and a concrete floor slab 20 arranged on one wide surface 15 of the wooden surface material 10. Inside the concrete floor slab 20, there is double reinforcement or single reinforcement, in which multiple reinforcing bars are arranged in a lattice pattern when viewed from above, but these reinforcement arrangements are omitted from the illustration.

[0037] The wooden surface material 10 in the illustrated example is made of cross-laminated timber (CLT). CLT 10 is made by laminating multiple veneers 11, each of which is made up of multiple planks 12 with the same grain direction, joined by adhesive, for example, so that the grain directions are alternately perpendicular to each other, and then joining them together with an adhesive. Note that there is also a form in which the multiple planks 12 that make up the veneer 11 are not joined together with an adhesive.

[0038] Here, the wooden surface material 10 may be made of nailed timber (NLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), structural plywood, etc., in addition to the CLT shown in the figure, but CLT can be used with a wide range of wooden surface materials with dimensions up to 12m x 2.6m, making it possible to reduce the number of connections between wooden surface materials on-site as much as possible. This leads to improved strength of the composite floor 60 and improved construction efficiency. In addition, CLT is preferable because it is resistant to deformation and can further improve the rigidity of the composite floor 60, as multiple veneers 11 are layered with their fibers perpendicular to each other.

[0039] Angle iron 30 (an example of a shaped steel material) is fixed to the wide surface 15 of the wooden panel material 10 via a lag screw bolt 40 (an example of a fastener).

[0040] More specifically, the angle iron 30 has a first steel piece 31 and a second steel piece 35 that intersect (for example, perpendicular to) each other, and the first steel piece 31 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 32 (two in the illustrated example). The first steel piece 31 is abutted against the wide surface 15 of the wooden panel material 10, and the lag screws 40 that pass through each bolt hole 32 are driven into the wooden panel material 10 with their heads pressing the first steel piece 31 downward, and then tightened.

[0041] The second steel piece 35 of the angle iron 30 stands upward from the wide surface 15 of the wooden panel 10, and an opening 36 is formed in the second steel piece 35.

[0042] Here, the applicable structural steel material 30 may be, in addition to the angle steel shown in the illustrated example, a channel steel or a Z-shaped steel, etc., as long as it is a structural steel material that at least has a first piece of steel 31 that abuts and is fixed against the wide surface 15, and a second piece of steel 35 that intersects with the first piece of steel 31 and stands upright from the wide surface 15.

[0043] In addition, the fastener 40 to be applied may be a wood screw, wood screw, nail, etc. in addition to the lug screw bolt shown in the figure, but the lug screw bolt 40 shown in the figure is preferred because it has an extremely high fixing strength of the angle iron 30 to the wood surface material 10.

[0044] The entire angle iron 30 is embedded inside the concrete deck 20 constructed on site, and the opening 36 is filled with concrete constructed on site and hardens to form a penetrating concrete body 25 that penetrates the opening 36.

[0045] As shown in Figure 1, when a horizontal shear force Q, for example, acts on a composite floor 60, the angle iron 30 joining the wood surface material 10 and the concrete floor slab 20 becomes a shear key that forms a bearing resistance mechanism that resists the shear force Q with its bearing resistance force S1.

[0046] Here, the number of lag screw bolts 40 and the area (bearing resistance area) of the second steel piece 35 are set to the number and area equivalent to the shear strength borne by one angle steel 30 against the acting shear force Q.

[0047] In addition, the penetrating concrete body 25 formed inside the opening 36 of the second steel piece 35 forms a peeling resistance mechanism that resists peeling resistance force S2 when the concrete floor slab 20 and the wooden surface material 10 attempt to peel up and down in the Z direction.

[0048] Here, the area of ​​the opening 36 and the cross-sectional area of ​​the penetrating concrete body 25 are set to an area and cross-sectional area capable of exerting the required peeling resistance force S2, assuming the design standard strength of the concrete to be applied (the shear strength based on that). For example, if the required area of ​​the opening 36 is large compared to the planar dimensions of the second steel piece 35, it is preferable to provide two or more openings 36 at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the second steel piece 35, and form two or more penetrating concrete bodies 25.

[0049] On the other hand, the composite floor 60A shown in FIG. 3 differs from the composite floor 60 in that a bolt 50 (an example of a shaft member) is inserted into the opening 36 of the second steel piece 35 and embedded inside the concrete floor slab 20.

[0050] In the illustrated example, a headed bolt 50 is inserted into the opening 36, and by tightening a nut 52, the bolt 50 is embedded inside the concrete floor slab 20 in a state where it is fixed in a horizontal direction intersecting (for example, perpendicular to) the second steel piece 35. Here, the shaft member may be a reinforcing bar or the like in addition to the bolt 50 in the illustrated example.

[0051] The bolt 50, which intersects the second steel piece 35 and extends, for example horizontally, forms a peeling resistance mechanism that resists peeling resistance force S3 when the concrete floor slab 20 and the wooden surface material 10 try to peel up and down in the Z direction.

[0052] Here, the planar area determined by the length and width of the bolt 50 is set to a planar area capable of exerting the required peel resistance force S3. In addition, a form in which a plurality of openings 36 are provided in the second steel piece 35 and a plurality of shaft members 50 are fixed to each opening 36 may be applied as necessary.

[0053] The angle iron 30 described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2 is fixed in various manners to the entire wide surface 15 of the wooden panel material 10. These fixing forms will be described below with reference to Figures 5 to 7.

[0054] The example shown in Figure 5 is a configuration in which a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) angle irons 30 whose longitudinal directions are parallel to the Y direction are fixed intermittently in a row on a rectangular wide surface 15 in a plan view with each end side extending in the XY direction, and the plurality of (four in the illustrated example) rows are spaced apart in the X direction.

[0055] On the other hand, the example shown in Figure 6 has a rectangular wide surface 15 in a plan view with each end side extending in the XY direction, and a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) angle irons 30 whose longitudinal directions are alternately parallel to the Y direction and the X direction are fixed intermittently in a row to form a single row, and the plurality of (four in the illustrated example) rows are arranged at intervals in the X direction.

[0056] The examples shown in Figures 5 and 6 above show examples of the arrangement of each angle iron 30 when using short angle irons 30, in which the longitudinal length of the fixed angle iron 30 is approximately 1 / 10 or less compared to the length of the end edges in the X and Y directions of the wide surface 15 of the wood panel 10.

[0057] In contrast, the example shown in Fig. 7 is a configuration in which a long angle iron 30A that is long in the Y direction (for example, a length close to the length of the end side in the Y direction) is fixed parallel to the Y direction to the wide surface 15, and multiple (four in the illustrated example) long angle irons 30A are provided at intervals in the X direction. When the long angle iron 30A shown in Fig. 7 is applied, the number of lag screw bolts 40 and the number of bolts 50 applied increases compared to the short angle iron 30, as in the illustrated example.

[0058] Although not shown in the figures, the multiple short angle irons 30 may not be aligned in a row as in the examples shown in Figures 5 and 6, but may be randomly distributed and arranged on the wide surface 15. Also, unlike the example shown in Figure 7, the multiple angle irons long in the X direction may be arranged at intervals in the Y direction, or multiple angle irons long in the diagonal direction and of different lengths may be arranged at intervals in the diagonal direction (oblique direction).

[0059] According to the composite floors 60, 60A shown in the figures, a shaped steel material 30 is fixed to the wide surface 15 of the wooden surface material 10 and embedded in the concrete floor slab 20 as a stress transfer mechanism between the wooden surface material 10 and the concrete floor slab 20.The shaped steel material 30 acts as a shear key to form the composite floors 60, 60A with excellent stress transfer properties, and there are no problems with reduced workability of the concrete floor slab when applying a large number of screws or reduced manufacturability due to the need to machine recesses in the wooden surface material.

[0060] In addition, the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown here, and may be implemented in other embodiments in which other components are combined with the configurations and the like of the above-mentioned embodiment. In this regard, the present invention may be modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and may be appropriately determined according to the application form. [Explanation of symbols]

[0061] 10: Wood surface material (cross-laminated timber, CLT) 11: Single board 12: Saw board 15: Wide surface 20: Concrete floor slab 25: Penetrating concrete body (peeling resistance mechanism) 30, 30A: Shaped steel (angle iron, shear key) 31:First billet 32: Bolt hole 35:Second billet 36:Aperture 40: Fastener (lag screw bolt) 50: Bolt 52: Nut 60, 60A: Synthetic floor Q: Shear force S1: Bearing resistance S2, S3: Peel resistance

Claims

1. A composite floor having a wood surface material and a concrete floor slab arranged on one wide surface of the wood surface material, A first steel piece of a shaped steel material having at least a first steel piece and a second steel piece intersecting each other is fixed to the wide surface via a fastener, and the second steel piece is erected from the wide surface, and the shaped steel material is embedded inside the concrete floor slab to form a shear key, A composite floor characterized in that an opening is provided in the second steel piece, and the concrete of the concrete floor slab passes through the opening, forming a peeling resistance mechanism between the concrete floor slab and the wood surface material.

2. 2. The synthetic floor according to claim 1, wherein an axial member passes through the opening and is embedded inside the concrete floor slab, forming the peeling resistance mechanism.

3. The steel member is an angle steel, a channel steel, or a Z-shaped steel, 3. The synthetic floor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fastener is a screw, including a wood screw, a screw, including a wood rivet, a nail, or a lag screw bolt.

4. 3. The synthetic floor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wooden surface material is any one of laminated wood, solid wood, structural plywood, laminated veneer lumber, cross-laminated lumber, and nail-jointed laminated lumber.

5. 3. A composite floor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of long steel members are fixed at intervals to the wide surface.

6. 3. A composite floor as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of short steel members are fixed intermittently in rows in the longitudinal direction of the steel members to the wide surface, and the rows are arranged at intervals.

7. A composite floor as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of short steel members are fixed to the wide surface in rows in the longitudinal direction of the steel members with the longitudinal direction intermittently changed alternately, and the plurality of rows are arranged at intervals.

Images