Exterior wall structure of building, and construction method for the same

Abstract

To provide an exterior wall structure that has a strong force to hold an exterior wall material and a plurality of face materials (panels) and that is flexible in workability, and to provide a construction method for the same.SOLUTION: An exterior wall structure 1 of a building comprises: a plurality of pillar materials 8, 20; and an exterior surface material 2 located on the outdoor side of the plurality of pillar materials 8, 20. The exterior surface material 2 is fixed to the pillar materials 8, 20 by outer fixing tools 5 penetrating the exterior surface material 2 from the outdoor side. An interior surface material 3 is located at the indoor side of the exterior surface material 2 and between the plurality of pillar materials 8, 20. The interior surface material 3 is fixed to the exterior surface material 2 by inner fixing tools 6, 21 penetrating the interior surface material 3 from the indoor side and not protruding through to the outdoor side surface of the exterior surface material 2. An exterior wall material 4 is positioned at the outdoor side of the exterior surface material 2 with a gap therebetween. The exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar materials 8, 20 by wall fixing tools 7 penetrating the exterior surface material 2 from the outside.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an exterior wall structure of a building and a construction method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] The exterior wall structure of a building has a configuration that takes fire resistance into consideration, for example. The exterior wall structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an exterior wall panel and two fireproof boards. The first layer fireproof board is fixed to the exterior wall panel from the indoor side with screws. The second layer fireproof board is placed on the indoor side of the first layer fireproof board. Screws penetrate the second layer fireproof board and the first layer fireproof board from the indoor side, and the tip of the screw is fixed to the exterior wall panel. Therefore, the weight of the two fireproof boards is added to the exterior wall panel.

[0003] In the exterior wall structure disclosed in Patent Document 2, two sheets of gypsum boards are stacked on the exterior side of a lightweight steel frame, and a screw is inserted from the exterior side of the stacked gypsum boards and the tip of the screw is fixed to the lightweight steel frame. An exterior wall material is fixed to the exterior side of the stacked gypsum boards via a fastener. Therefore, the order of assembly of the gypsum boards and the exterior wall material to the lightweight steel frame is always limited to this order. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-71243 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2020-165307 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] For this reason, there is a need for an exterior wall structure that has the strength to hold the exterior wall materials and multiple surface materials (panels) together, while also being flexible in terms of construction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to aspect 1 of the present disclosure, an exterior wall structure of a building comprises a plurality of pillar materials and an exterior surface material located on the outdoor side of the plurality of pillar materials. The exterior surface material is fixed to the pillar materials by an external fixing device that penetrates the exterior surface material from the outdoor side. An interior surface material is located on the indoor side of the exterior surface material and between the plurality of pillar materials. The interior surface material is fixed to the exterior surface material by an internal fixing device that penetrates the interior surface material from the indoor side and does not protrude onto the outdoor surface of the exterior surface material. An exterior wall material is located on the outdoor side of the exterior material with a gap between them. The exterior wall material is fixed to the pillar materials by a wall fixing device that penetrates the exterior surface material from the outdoor side.

[0007] Therefore, the exterior surface material and exterior wall material are fixed to the pillar material. The interior surface material is fixed to the exterior material. Therefore, the load of each component is distributed and held, compared to a structure in which the interior surface material and exterior surface material are fixed to the exterior wall material. This results in a structure with strong strength to hold the exterior wall material and multiple surface materials. Furthermore, while the exterior surface material and exterior wall material are fixed to the pillar material from the exterior side, the interior surface material is fixed to the exterior material from the interior side. Therefore, the exterior wall structure can be assembled using a variety of construction procedures. For example, after the exterior surface material is fixed to the pillar material, it is possible to choose whether to fix the interior surface material first, or the exterior wall material first. As a result, this structure has high flexibility in construction.

[0008] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the inner surface material is thinner than the outer surface material, so that the load applied to the outer surface material is smaller.

[0009] According to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the exterior wall structure includes a plurality of inner surface members arranged vertically. The inner surface member at the bottom is supported by a bottom support member extending horizontally. The bottom support member is disposed on a foundation. Therefore, even if the foundation has an uneven surface, the inner surface member at the bottom can be disposed on a flat surface. This allows the inner surface member to be stably held.

[0010] According to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the lower end of the exterior material abuts against the foundation. The indoor surface of the exterior material abuts against the bottom support material. Therefore, the interior material is aligned vertically, starting from a position higher than the exterior material by the height of the bottom support material. This causes the height of the horizontal joints between the interior materials adjacent vertically to differ from the height of the horizontal joints between the exterior materials adjacent vertically. In other words, the horizontal joints of the exterior material and the interior material are not continuous in the thickness direction, making it difficult for flames to penetrate. As a result, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure can be improved.

[0011] According to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure, the exterior wall structure comprises a plurality of exterior wall materials arranged side by side, and left and right joint members that join adjacent exterior wall materials. The left and right joint members are located on the exterior side of the pillar material, and have a left and right width that spans the left and right edges of the pillar material when viewed from the exterior side. Therefore, the left and right joint members are arranged to cover the pillar material from the exterior side. Therefore, the left and right joint members compensate for the fire resistance in the parts of the pillar material where no inner surface material is arranged. Thus, the fire resistance of the entire exterior wall structure is improved.

[0012] According to the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, the exterior wall structure includes a plurality of inner surface materials arranged side by side, and a tape member attached to the indoor surface of the inner surface materials so as to cover the joints between the adjacent inner surface materials from the indoor side. Therefore, the tape member can prevent flames from entering through the joints between the inner surface materials. Thus, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure is improved.

[0013] According to another feature of the present disclosure, a construction method for an exterior wall structure of a building includes an exterior material fixing step, an inner material fixing step, and an exterior wall material fixing step. In the exterior wall material fixing step, an exterior material is arranged on the outdoor side of a plurality of pillar materials, and the exterior material is fixed to the pillar materials by an outer fixing device that penetrates the exterior material from the outdoor side. In the inner material fixing step, an inner material is arranged on the indoor side of the exterior material and between a plurality of pillar materials, and the inner material is fixed to the exterior material by an inner fixing device that penetrates the inner material from the indoor side and does not protrude beyond the outdoor surface of the exterior material. In the exterior wall material fixing step, an exterior wall material is arranged on the outdoor side of the exterior material with a gap therebetween, and the exterior wall material is fixed to the pillar materials by a wall fixing device that penetrates the exterior material from the outdoor side. These steps are performed in the order of the exterior material fixing step, the inner material fixing step, and the exterior wall material fixing step, or in the order of the exterior material fixing step, the exterior wall material fixing step, and the inner material fixing step.

[0014] Therefore, after the external surface material fixing process is completed, it is possible to select whether to perform the internal surface material fixing process or the external wall material fixing process first. Therefore, the order of the indoor work (internal surface material fixing process) and the outdoor work (external wall material fixing process) can be switched depending on the weather, for example, performing the indoor work (internal surface material fixing process) first when it is raining. In other words, the construction of the external wall structure can be carried out more efficiently. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment, seen from the outdoor side. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of the exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment, seen from the indoor side. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the exterior wall structure according to the second embodiment, as viewed from the outdoor side. [Figure 6] 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a schematic rear view of the exterior wall structure according to the second embodiment. [Figure 8] 10 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of an exterior wall structure according to a third embodiment. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] <Configuration of exterior wall structure (first embodiment)> A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. An exterior wall structure 1 is used in a structural body that constitutes a building such as a house, a facility, or a warehouse. As shown in Fig. 1, the exterior wall structure 1 comprises building materials such as an exterior wall material 4, an exterior surface material 2, and an interior surface material 3 in that order from the outdoor side to the indoor side. Furthermore, the exterior wall structure 1 comprises a plurality of pillar materials 8 that extend in the up-down direction (vertical direction) to support the building materials.

[0017] 1 and 3, a steel material such as a C-shaped steel is selected for the pillar material 8. A plurality of pillar materials 8 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction. The pillar material 8 has a main body piece 8a, an outdoor piece 8b and an indoor piece 8c extending in the left-right direction from both ends of the main body piece 8a, an outer rib 8d formed by bending the tip of the outdoor piece 8b, and an inner rib 8e formed by bending the tip of the indoor piece 8c.

[0018] As shown in Fig. 2, the bottom support material 10 is made of steel, such as a square steel pipe. The bottom support material 10 has an upper surface 10a and a lower surface 10b facing each other, and has an outdoor surface 10c and an indoor surface 10d adjacent to the upper surface 10a and the lower surface 10b, respectively. The bottom support material 10 extends in the left-right direction (horizontal direction), and the upper surface 10a of the bottom support material 10 is a horizontal plane. The bottom support material 10 is placed on a foundation 9. The foundation 9 is, for example, reinforced concrete, and the upper surface of the foundation 9 is approximately horizontal. The exterior surface material 2 is placed on the foundation 9.

[0019] The exterior material 2 is disposed on the outdoor side of the pillar material 8 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The exterior material 2 is a plate-like member having a substantially rectangular shape, for example, a horizontally long rectangle. The material of the exterior material 2 is not specified as long as it is plate-like, but it is formed from a fire-resistant material such as a gypsum board such as a reinforced gypsum board or a calcium silicate board. In this embodiment, a reinforced gypsum board having dimensions of 810 mm in length and 1820 mm in width is selected. The indoor surface of the exterior material 2 abuts against the outdoor surface (outdoor piece 8b) of the pillar material 8. A plurality of exterior materials 2 are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. The lower end 2a of the lowest exterior material 2 abuts against the foundation 9. The indoor surface of the lowest exterior material 2 abuts against the outdoor surface 10c of the bottom support material 10. The exterior material 2 is fixed to the pillar material 8 by an external fixing device 5. The lower side of the outer surface material 2 in the lowest stage is fixed to the bottom support material 10 by an external fixing device 5. Specifically, the external fixing device 5 penetrates the outer surface material 2 and the outdoor surface 10c of the bottom support material 10 to be fixed. The outer surface material 2 may be in a vertically long rectangular shape or a square shape.

[0020] The external fixing device 5 is, for example, a nail or a screw, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The external fixing device 5 penetrates the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side and reaches the pillar material 8. The tip of the external fixing device 5 penetrates the outdoor piece 8b of the pillar material 8, and the vicinity of the tip of the external fixing device 5 is screwed or fitted into the outdoor piece 8b of the pillar material 8. A plurality of external fixing devices 5 are provided above and below along the pillar material 8. Therefore, the exterior material 2 is fixed to the pillar material 8 by the plurality of external fixing devices 5 above and below along the pillar material 8. Furthermore, the exterior material 2 is fixed to the plurality of pillar materials 8 lined up on the left and right. In other words, the exterior material 2 is supported by the plurality of pillar materials 8. An interior material 3 is provided on the indoor side of the exterior material 2.

[0021] The inner surface material 3 is disposed between the pillar materials 8 as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Like the outer surface material 2, the inner surface material 3 is also a plate-like member having a substantially rectangular shape, for example, a horizontally long rectangle. The inner surface material 3 is formed from a fire-resistant material, such as a gypsum board such as a reinforced gypsum board, a calcium silicate board, or the like. In this embodiment, a reinforced gypsum board having the same length and width dimensions as the outer surface material 2 is selected. The inner surface material 3 is, for example, thinner than the outer surface material 2. The thickness of the inner surface material 3 is, for example, the same as the height of the outer rib 8d of the pillar material 8 in the indoor / outdoor direction. Therefore, the indoor surface 3f of the inner surface material 3 and the indoor end of the outer rib 8d are located on the same plane. However, they do not necessarily have to be on the same plane. The left and right end faces of the inner surface material 3 abut against the outer rib 8d.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2, multiple inner surface materials 3 are arranged vertically. The inner surface materials 3 arranged vertically are arranged so that they abut against each other. The lower end 3a of the lowest inner surface material 3 abuts against the upper surface 10a of the bottom support material 10. Therefore, the lowest inner surface material 3 is supported by the bottom support material 10 and is located higher than the foundation 9 by the height of the bottom support material 10. Each inner surface material 3 is fixed to the outer surface material 2 by multiple internal fixing devices 6.

[0023] The internal fixing device 6 is, for example, a staple as shown in FIG. 3. The staple is substantially U-shaped and has two rows of mounting portions 6a. The internal fixing device 6 is mounted to the external surface material 2 from the indoor side of the internal surface material 3. The internal fixing device 6 penetrates the internal surface material 3 from the indoor side and fixes the internal surface material 3 without protruding from the outdoor surface of the external surface material 2. For example, the tip of the internal fixing device 6 is located within the outdoor area of ​​the external surface material 2. Alternatively, the tip of the internal fixing device 6 is located in the same place as the outdoor surface of the external surface material 2. As shown in FIG. 4, the internal surface material 3 is fixed to the external surface material 2 by a plurality of internal fixing devices 6. For example, the plurality of internal fixing devices 6 are mounted to the internal surface material 3 at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. Staples can be fixed from various directions, such as vertical, horizontal, and diagonal.

[0024] As shown in Fig. 1, a waterproof sheet 13 is disposed on the outdoor side of the exterior material 2. The waterproof sheet 13 is laid on the outdoor surface of the exterior material 2. The waterproof sheet 13 is made of, for example, waterproof paper, film, nonwoven fabric, etc., and has moisture permeability in addition to waterproofing. An exterior wall material 4 is disposed on the outdoor side of the waterproof sheet 13 and the exterior material 2.

[0025] The exterior wall material 4 is a plate-like member having a substantially rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a horizontally long rectangle. The exterior wall material 4 constitutes the exterior wall surface of the building, and is made of, for example, a ceramic-based material containing cement. In addition, metal-based wall materials, wood-based wall materials, resin-based wall materials, etc. can be appropriately selected. The exterior wall material 4 is arranged with a predetermined gap between it and the exterior surface material 2. A plurality of exterior wall materials 4 are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. The exterior wall material 4 may be a vertically long rectangle or a square shape.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 2, the exterior wall material 4 has a front upper and lower joint 4a on the lower side and a back upper and lower joint 4b on the upper side. The front upper and lower joint 4a has a thickness of about half the thickness of the exterior wall material 4, and constitutes the outdoor area, and the indoor area is removed. The back upper and lower joint 4b has a thickness of about half the thickness of the exterior wall material 4, and constitutes the indoor area, and the outdoor area is removed. The back upper and lower joint 4b may be caulked. The exterior wall material 4 at the bottom is supported by the front upper and lower joint 4a being engaged with the attachment 15 for starting laying. The height position of the start of laying is set so that the lower end of the exterior wall material 4 at the bottom is located between the lower end 2a of the outer surface material 2 at the bottom and the lower end 3a of the inner surface material 3 at the bottom.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 3, the exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar material 8 by a wall fixing device 7 that penetrates the exterior surface material 2 from the outdoor side. The wall fixing device 7 is composed of a combination of a screw 7b and a fastening device 7c. The screw 7b is inserted through a screw hole pre-formed in the fastening device 7c, penetrates the exterior surface material 2 from the outdoor side, and reaches the pillar material 8. A ventilation fastener is selected for the fastening device 7c, and it is positioned between the exterior wall material 4 and the exterior surface material 2. The fastening device 7c forms a gap for ventilation or insulation between the exterior wall material 4 and the exterior surface material 2. The fastening device 7c shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is attached so that no gap is created between the exterior surface material 2.

[0028] As shown in Fig. 2, the start-of-laying fixture 15 includes a flat plate portion 15a fixed to the structure and a bent portion 15b bent from the lower end of the flat plate portion 15a toward the exterior. The start-of-laying fixture 15 engages the upper and lower front joints 4a of the lowest exterior wall material 4 at a position above the flashing member 14 with the bent portion 15b. The start-of-laying fixture 15 and the flashing member 14 are provided on the lower part of the outdoor surface of the lowest exterior facing material 2. The screw 7b passes through the start-of-laying fixture 15, the flashing member 14, and the lowest exterior facing material 2, penetrating the outdoor surface 10c of the bottom support material 10. In other words, the start-of-laying fixture 15, the flashing member 14, and the lowest exterior facing material 2 are fixed to the bottom support material 10 by the screw 7b.

[0029] As shown in Fig. 3, on the indoor side of the joint (vertical joint 4d) between adjacent exterior wall materials 4 on the left and right, two pillar materials 8 are arranged side by side with their main body pieces 8a abutting each other. The left and right side ends of the exterior wall material 4 are fixed to the pillar materials 8 by wall fixing devices 7 consisting of screws 7b and fasteners 7c. Between the two fasteners 7c, left and right joint members 11 extending in the vertical direction are arranged.

[0030] The left and right joint members 11 are made of, for example, a metal plate-like member as shown in FIG. 3, and a hat joiner having a hat-shaped cross section is selected. The left and right joint members 11 are located on the outdoor side of the exterior surface material 2. The left and right joint members 11 have a convex portion 11a protruding from the indoor side to the outdoor side in the center in the left-right direction, and the convex portion 11a is sandwiched between the adjacent exterior wall materials 4 in a state in which it abuts on the left and right. The left and right joint members 11 have a left-right width that spans the left and right edges of the column material 8 when viewed from the outdoor side in the left-right direction. In this embodiment, the left and right length dimension L1 of the left and right joint members 11 is set to be the same as the left and right width L2 of the two adjacent column materials 8. The left and right length dimension L1 of the left and right joint members 11 may be set to be longer than the left and right width L2 of the two column materials 8. In addition, a sealant 12 is applied to the vertical joint 4d of the exterior wall material 4 on the outdoor side of the convex portion 11a of the left and right joint members 11 in a state in which it abuts on the convex portion 11a.

[0031] In this embodiment, the vertical length of the exterior surface material 2 and the interior surface material 3 is the same, and is set to twice the vertical length of the exterior wall material 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the joints (horizontal joints 2c) of the exterior surface materials 2 adjacent to each other vertically and the joints (horizontal joints 3c) of the interior surface materials 3 adjacent to each other vertically are offset by the height of the bottom support material 10. Furthermore, the horizontal joints 4c of the exterior wall material 4 are located between the horizontal joints 2c of the exterior surface material 2 and the horizontal joints 3c of the interior surface material 3. In addition, the vertical joints 2d of the exterior surface material 2 and the vertical joints 3d of the interior surface material 3 are offset in the left-right direction. In this way, the horizontal joints 2c, 3c, and 4c of the exterior surface material 2, the interior surface material 3, and the exterior wall material 4 are offset from each other, that is, the horizontal joints 2c, 3c, and 4c do not overlap in the thickness direction, making it difficult for flames to penetrate and improving fire resistance.

[0032] <Exterior wall structure construction process (first embodiment)> Next, a construction method for the exterior wall structure 1 according to the first embodiment will be described. The construction process for the exterior wall structure 1 includes an exterior surface material fixing process, an interior surface material fixing process, and an exterior wall material fixing process. The exterior wall structure 1 includes a plurality of pillar materials 8 arranged at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction, and a bottom support material 10 extending horizontally and disposed on a foundation 9. The pillar materials 8 are arranged side by side, with two pillar materials 8 whose main body pieces 8a abut against each other, in accordance with the position of the joint (vertical joint 4d) of the exterior wall materials 4 adjacent in the left-right direction.

[0033] In the exterior material fixing process, the exterior materials 2 are placed on the outdoor side of a number of pillar materials 8 and fixed to the pillar materials 8 by the external fixing devices 5. The fixing locations are, for example, at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and for each pillar material 8 in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the lowest-level exterior material 2 is placed side-by-side in the horizontal direction so that its lower end abuts the upper surface of the foundation 9 and its indoor surface abuts the bottom support material 10. At the points where the indoor surface of the exterior material 2 abuts against the pillar materials 8, the exterior material 2 is fixed to the pillar materials 8 by the external fixing devices 5 that penetrate the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side. The upper-level exterior materials 2 are placed in order above the exterior materials 2 lined up horizontally and similarly fixed to the pillar materials 8 by the external fixing devices 5.

[0034] In the inner surface material fixing process, the inner surface material 3 is arranged on the indoor side of the outer surface material 2 and between the plurality of pillar materials 8, and fixed to the outer surface material 2 by the inner fixing device 6. Specifically, the inner surface material 3 in the lowest row is arranged side by side in the left-right direction so that its lower end 3a abuts against the upper surface 10a of the bottom support material 10. At this time, the inner surface material 3 is arranged so that the vertical joint 3d of the inner surface material 3 is offset from the position of the vertical joint 2d of the outer surface material 2. The inner surface material 3 is fixed to the outer surface material 2 from the indoor side by the inner fixing device 6 at fixing points set at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. The fixing points of the inner surface material 3, i.e., the fastening positions of the inner fixing device 6, are appropriately set, and can be fastened at any position in both the vertical, horizontal and vertical directions. The inner fixing device 6 is configured to penetrate the inner surface material 3 from the indoor side and not protrude beyond the outdoor surface of the outer surface material 2. The upper inner surface material 3 is arranged in order on the upper side of the inner surface materials 3 arranged side by side, and is similarly fixed to the outer surface material 2 by the inner fixing device 6. By placing the lowest inner surface material 3 on the bottom support material 10, the position of the horizontal joint 3c of the inner surface material 3 is shifted upward from the position of the horizontal joint 2c of the outer surface material 2 by the height of the bottom support material 10. Because the horizontal joints 2c, 3c of the outer surface material 2 and the inner surface material 3 are shifted in this way, that is, because there is no overlapping portion of the horizontal joints 2c, 3c in the thickness direction, flames are less likely to penetrate, and fire resistance can be improved.

[0035] In the inner surface material fixing step, an adhesive may be applied to the outer surface material 2, and then the inner surface material 3 may be placed and fixed by the inner fixing device 6.

[0036] In the exterior wall material fixing process, exterior wall materials 4 are placed on the outdoor side of the exterior surface material 2 with a gap therebetween, and are fixed to the pillar material 8 by the wall fixing device 7 via the exterior surface material 2. Specifically, a water drip member 14 and a fitting 15 for start of laying are provided on the lower part of the outdoor surface of the exterior surface material 2. The lowest exterior wall material 4 is then placed so that the upper and lower front joints 4a at its lower edge are engaged with the bent portion 15b of the fitting 15 for start of laying. The exterior wall materials 4 are lined up in order in the left-right direction. The exterior wall materials 4 are fixed to the pillar material 8 by fasteners 7c and screws 7b arranged between the exterior surface material 2 and the exterior surface material 2. The fixing points are fixed at predetermined intervals in the up-down direction, and at each pillar material 8 in the left-right direction.

[0037] At the vertical joint 4d of the exterior wall material 4, two fasteners 7c and left and right joint members 11 are arranged. The left and right joint members 11 are arranged so that the convex parts 11a are located between the adjacent exterior wall materials 4. The two fasteners 7c are arranged on the upper side of the exterior wall material 4 so as to be located on both sides of the convex parts 11a of the left and right joint members 11, and are fixed to the column material 8 by the screws 7b via the left and right joint members 11. The upper exterior wall material 4 is arranged in order on the upper side of the exterior wall materials 4 arranged side by side, and is similarly fixed to the column material 8 by the wall fixing device 7. At this time, the lower upper and lower back side joint parts 4b and the upper upper and lower front side joint parts 4a are pasted together so as to overlap in the thickness direction. Also, at the vertical joint 4d of the exterior wall material 4, a sealant 12 is applied to the outdoor side of the convex parts 11a of the left and right joint members 11 in a state of abutting against the convex parts 11a.

[0038] These steps are carried out in the order of an outer surface material fixing step, an inner surface material fixing step, and an exterior wall material fixing step, or in the order of an outer surface material fixing step, an exterior wall material fixing step, and an inner surface material fixing step. A waterproof sheet 13 may be laid on the outdoor side of the outer surface material 2.

[0039] <Configuration of exterior wall structure (second embodiment)> Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 5 to Fig. 7. As shown in Fig. 5, the exterior wall structure 1 is provided with building materials such as an exterior wall material 4, an exterior surface material 2, and an interior surface material 3 in that order from the outdoor side to the indoor side. Furthermore, the exterior wall structure 1 is provided with a plurality of pillar materials 8 extending in the up-down direction (vertical direction) to support the building materials.

[0040] A plurality of exterior materials 2 are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions as shown in Figures 5 and 7. A configuration different from the first embodiment is that, at the horizontal joint 2c of the exterior material 2, tape members 16, 17 are attached to the outdoor and indoor surfaces of the exterior material 2, respectively, so as to cover the horizontal joint 2c of the exterior material 2 from the outdoor and indoor sides, as shown in Figure 6. The tape members 16, 17 are preferably fire-resistant, and for example, aluminum tape or glass tape is selected.

[0041] As shown in Figs. 5 and 7, a plurality of inner surface materials 3 are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. The horizontal joint 3c of the inner surface material 3 is located above the horizontal joint 2c of the outer surface material 2 by the height of the bottom support material 10. As a configuration different from the first embodiment, as shown in Fig. 6, at the horizontal joint 3c of the inner surface material 3, a tape member 18 is attached to the indoor surface of the inner surface material 3 so as to cover the horizontal joint 3c of the inner surface material 3 from the indoor side. The tape member 18 is preferably fire-resistant, and for example, aluminum tape or glass tape is selected. In addition, the inner surface material 3 is set to have the same thickness as the outer surface material 2, for example. That is, the inner surface material 3 of this embodiment has a larger thickness dimension than the inner surface material 3 of the first embodiment.

[0042] As shown in Figs. 5 and 7, a plurality of exterior wall materials 4 are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. As shown in Fig. 6, the joints (vertical joints 4g) of the exterior wall materials 4 adjacent to each other on the left and right are configured not to use sealing, unlike the first embodiment. The exterior wall material 4 has front left and right joints 4e and rear left and right joints 4f at both left and right ends. The front left and right joints 4e have a thickness that is about half the thickness of the exterior wall material 4, and constitute the outdoor area, and the indoor area is cut away. The rear left and right joints 4f have a thickness that is about half the thickness of the exterior wall material 4, and constitute the indoor area, and the outdoor area is cut away. The rear left and right joints 4f may have caulking. At the joints (vertical joints 4g) of the exterior wall materials 4 adjacent to each other on the left and right, the front left and right joints 4e and the rear left and right joints 4f are attached to each other so that they overlap in the thickness direction, and are fixed by the wall fixing device 7. The wall fixing device 7 is configured by a combination of a screw 7b and a fastener 7d. The fastener 7d is disposed so as to straddle the adjacent exterior wall material 4, and is fixed to the pillar material 8 by inserting the screw 7b through a screw hole formed in the fastener 7d beforehand. The fastener 7d is attached so that no gap is created between the fastener 7d and the exterior surface material 2.

[0043] <Exterior wall structure construction process (second embodiment)> Next, a description will be given of a construction method for the exterior wall structure 1 according to the second embodiment. The construction process for the exterior wall structure 1 according to this embodiment includes an outer surface material fixing process, an inner surface material fixing process, and an exterior wall material fixing process, similar to the first embodiment.

[0044] In the exterior material fixing process, as shown in Figure 6, tape members 16, 17 are attached to the outdoor and indoor surfaces of the exterior material 2, respectively, so as to cover the horizontal joints 2c of the exterior material 2 from the outdoor and indoor sides, for the exterior material 2 that is lined up in multiple pieces and fixed to the pillar material 8.

[0045] In the inner surface material fixing process, as shown in FIG. 6, a tape member 18 is attached to the indoor surface of the inner surface material 3 so as to cover the horizontal joints 3c of the inner surface material 3 from the indoor side of the inner surface material 3 that is lined up and fixed to the outer surface material 2.

[0046] In the exterior wall material fixing process, the exterior wall materials 4 in the lowest row are arranged in order along the left-right direction. As shown in FIG. 6, the exterior wall materials 4 are fixed to the pillar material 8 by the wall fixing devices 7 (screws 7b and fasteners 7d) arranged between the exterior surface material 2. As a process different from the first embodiment, in the vertical joints 4g of the exterior wall materials 4, the front left-right joints 4e and the back left-right joints 4f are pasted together so as to overlap in the thickness direction of the exterior wall materials 4. In addition, the fasteners 7d constituting the wall fixing devices 7 are arranged on the upper side of the exterior wall materials 4 so as to straddle the exterior wall materials 4 adjacent to the left and right, and are fixed to the pillar material 8 by the screws 7b. The upper row exterior wall materials 4 are arranged in order above the exterior wall materials 4 arranged in the left-right direction, and are similarly fixed to the pillar material 8 by the wall fixing devices 7.

[0047] <Configuration of exterior wall structure (third embodiment)> Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The exterior wall structure 1 has a configuration different from that of the first embodiment, in that it is provided with a plurality of pillar members 20 made of wood. The pillar members 20 have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 8. The plurality of pillar members 20 are disposed at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction.

[0048] The outer surface material 2 is fixed to the pillar material 20 by an external fixing tool 5. The external fixing tool 5 is, for example, a nail or a screw as shown in Fig. 8. The tip of the external fixing tool 5 penetrates the outer surface material 2 and is located inside the pillar material 20.

[0049] The inner surface material 3 is fixed to the outer surface material 2 from the indoor side by internal fixing devices 21 at fixing points set at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. The internal fixing devices 21 are, for example, nails or screws, as shown in Fig. 8. The internal fixing devices 21 penetrate the inner surface material 3 from the indoor side and fix the inner surface material 3 without protruding from the outdoor surface of the outer surface material 2.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 8, the exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar material 20 via the support member 22 (wooden furring strip) and the exterior surface material 2 by the wall fixing device 7. In this embodiment, the wall fixing device 7 is composed of a combination of a screw 7b and a thin fastening device 7f. The screw 7b is inserted from a screw hole pre-formed in the fastening device 7f, penetrating the support member 22 and the exterior surface material 2 to reach the pillar material 20. The tip of the screw 7b is located inside the pillar material 20. A ventilation fastening fitting is selected as the fastening device 7f, and it is located between the exterior wall material 4 and the support member 22. The fastening device 7f is attached so that no gap is created between it and the exterior surface material 2.

[0051] As shown in Fig. 8, the support member 22 (wooden furring strip) is made of wood with a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape and is in the form of a strip extending in the vertical direction. The support member 22 is disposed between the exterior wall material 4 and the exterior surface material 2 in accordance with the position of the pillar material 20, and is fixed to the pillar material 20 by a screw 7e. The tip of the screw 7e penetrates the support member 22 and the exterior surface material 2, and is located inside the pillar material 20. The support member 22 abuts against the outdoor surface of the exterior surface material 2.

[0052] At the joint (vertical joint 4j) between the horizontally adjacent exterior wall materials 4, two wall fasteners 7 and a left-right joint member 11 extending in the vertical direction are disposed between the support member 22 and the exterior wall material 4. The left-right joint member 11 is, for example, a hat joiner. The left-right joint member 11 has a left-right width that spans the left and right edges of the pillar material 20 when viewed from the outdoor side in the left-right direction. In this embodiment, the left-right length dimension L1 of the left-right joint member 11 is set to be longer than the width L3 of the pillar material 20. The left-right length dimension L1 of the left-right joint member 11 may be set to the same dimension as the width L3 of the pillar material 20. A sealant 12 is applied to the vertical joint 4j of the exterior wall material 4 on the outdoor side of the convex portion 11a of the left-right joint member 11 in a state of abutment with the convex portion 11a.

[0053] <Exterior wall construction process (third embodiment)> Next, a construction method for the exterior wall structure 1 according to the third embodiment will be described. The construction process for the exterior wall structure 1 according to this embodiment includes an outer surface material fixing process, an inner surface material fixing process, and an exterior wall material fixing process, similar to the first embodiment. The multiple pillar materials 20 are made of wood.

[0054] In the exterior wall material fixing process, the exterior wall materials 4 in the lowest row are lined up in order in the left-right direction. Support members 22 (wooden furring strips) extending in the vertical direction are provided on the outdoor side of the exterior material 2 in accordance with the position of the pillar material 20. The support members 22 are made of wood, and abut against the outdoor surface of the exterior material 2. The support members 22 are fixed to the pillar material 20 via the exterior material 2 by screws 7e. The exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar material 20 via the support members 22 and the exterior material 2 by wall fixing devices 7 (fasteners 7f and screws 7b) arranged on the outdoor side of the support members 22.

[0055] At the vertical joint 4j of the exterior wall material 4, the left and right joint members 11 and two fasteners 7f are arranged on the outdoor side of the support member 22. The two fasteners 7f are arranged on the upper side of the exterior wall material 4 so as to be located on both sides of the convex parts 11a of the left and right joint members 11, and are fixed to the pillar material 8 by screws 7b via the left and right joint members 11. A sealant 12 is applied on the outdoor side of the convex parts 11a of the left and right joint members 11 in a state of abutment with the convex parts 11a. Then, the upper exterior wall materials 4 are arranged in order on the upper side of the exterior wall materials 4 lined up on the left and right, and are similarly fixed to the pillar material 20 by the wall fasteners 7.

[0056] <Effects of the embodiment> The exterior wall structure 1 of a building according to the first to third embodiments comprises a plurality of pillar materials 8,20 and an exterior material 2 located on the outdoor side of the plurality of pillar materials 8,20. The exterior material 2 is fixed to the pillar materials 8,20 by an external fixing device 5 that penetrates the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side. An interior material 3 is located on the indoor side of the exterior material 2 and between the plurality of pillar materials 8,20. The interior material 3 is fixed to the exterior material 2 by internal fixing devices 6,21 that penetrate the interior material 3 from the indoor side and do not protrude from the outdoor side surface of the exterior material 2. An exterior wall material 4 is located on the outdoor side of the exterior material 2 with a gap therebetween. The exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar materials 8,20 by a wall fixing device 7 that penetrates the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side.

[0057] Therefore, the exterior surface material 2 and the exterior wall material 4 are fixed to the pillar materials 8, 20. The interior surface material 3 is fixed to the exterior surface material 2. Therefore, the load of each component is dispersed and held, compared to a structure in which the interior surface material 3 and the exterior surface material 2 are fixed to the exterior wall material 4. This results in a structure with a strong force for holding the exterior wall material 4 and multiple surface materials. Furthermore, while the exterior surface material 2 and the exterior wall material 4 are fixed to the pillar materials 8, 20 from the exterior side, the interior surface material 3 is fixed to the exterior surface material 2 from the interior side. Therefore, the exterior wall structure 1 can be assembled using various construction procedures. For example, after the exterior surface material 2 is fixed to the pillar materials 8, 20, it is possible to select whether to fix the interior surface material 3 first, or the exterior wall material 4 first. As a result, this structure has high flexibility in construction.

[0058] The construction method of the exterior wall structure 1 of the building according to the first to third embodiments includes an exterior material fixing step, an inner material fixing step, and an exterior wall material fixing step. In the exterior material fixing step, the exterior material 2 is arranged on the outdoor side of the multiple pillar materials 8,20, and the exterior material 2 is fixed to the pillar materials 8,20 by the outer fixing device 5 that penetrates the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side. In the inner material fixing step, the inner material 3 is arranged on the indoor side of the exterior material 2 and between the multiple pillar materials 8,20, and the inner material 3 is fixed to the exterior material 2 by the inner fixing device 6,21 that penetrates the interior surface of the interior surface of the exterior material 2 and does not protrude beyond the outdoor surface of the exterior material 2. In the exterior wall material fixing step, the exterior wall material 4 is arranged on the outdoor side of the exterior material 2 with a gap therebetween, and the exterior wall material 4 is fixed to the pillar materials 8,20 by the wall fixing device 7 that penetrates the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side. These steps are carried out in the order of an outer surface material fixing step, an inner surface material fixing step, and an exterior wall material fixing step, or in the order of an outer surface material fixing step, an exterior wall material fixing step, and an inner surface material fixing step.

[0059] Therefore, after completing the external surface material fixing process, it is possible to select whether to perform the internal surface material fixing process or the external wall material fixing process first. Therefore, the order of the indoor work (internal surface material fixing process) and the outdoor work (external wall material fixing process) can be switched depending on the weather, for example, by performing the indoor work (internal surface material fixing process) first when it is raining. In other words, the construction of the external wall structure 1 can be carried out more efficiently.

[0060] The inner surface material 3 according to the first embodiment is thinner than the outer surface material 2. Therefore, the load applied to the outer surface material 2 is smaller.

[0061] The exterior wall structures 1 according to the first to third embodiments comprise a plurality of inner surface materials 3 arranged in the up-down direction (vertical direction). The inner surface material 3 at the bottom is supported by a bottom support material 10 extending in the left-right direction (horizontal direction). The bottom support material 10 is disposed on a foundation 9. Therefore, even if the foundation 9 has irregularities, the inner surface material 3 at the bottom can be disposed on a flat surface. This allows the inner surface material 3 to be held stably.

[0062] The lower end of the exterior surface material 2 in the first to third embodiments abuts against the foundation 9. The indoor surface of the exterior surface material 2 abuts against the bottom support material 10. Therefore, the interior surface material 3 is aligned vertically, starting from a position higher than the exterior surface material 2 by the height of the bottom support material 10. This causes a difference in height between the horizontal joints 3c between the vertically adjacent interior surface materials 3 and the horizontal joints 2c between the vertically adjacent exterior surface materials 2. In other words, the horizontal joints 2c of the exterior surface material 2 and the horizontal joints 3c of the interior surface material 3 are not continuous in the thickness direction, making it difficult for flames to penetrate. As a result, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure 1 can be improved.

[0063] The exterior wall structures 1 according to the first and third embodiments include multiple exterior wall materials 4 arranged side by side, and left and right joint members 11 that join adjacent exterior wall materials 4. The left and right joint members 11 are located on the exterior side of the pillar materials 8, 20, and have a left and right width that spans the left and right edges of the pillar materials 8, 20 when viewed from the exterior side. Therefore, the left and right joint members 11 are arranged to cover the pillar materials 8, 20 from the exterior side. Therefore, the left and right joint members 11 supplement the fire resistance in the parts of the pillar materials 8, 20 where the inner surface material 3 is not arranged. Thus, the fire resistance of the entire exterior wall structure 1 is improved.

[0064] The exterior wall structure 1 according to the second embodiment includes a plurality of inner surface materials 3 arranged side by side, and a tape member 18 attached to the indoor surface of the inner surface materials 3 so as to cover the joints (e.g., horizontal joints 3c) between adjacent inner surface materials 3 from the indoor side. Therefore, the tape member 18 can prevent flames from entering through the joints between the inner surface materials 3. Thus, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure 1 is improved.

[0065] In the exterior wall structure 1 according to the second embodiment, tape members 16, 17 are attached to the outdoor and indoor surfaces of the exterior material 2 so as to overlap in the thickness direction at the horizontal joint 2c of the exterior material 2 from the outdoor side and the indoor side, respectively, to cover the horizontal joint 2c of the exterior material 2. Therefore, together with the tape member 18 attached to the interior material 3, it is possible to prevent flames from entering through the horizontal joint 3c of the interior material 3 and the horizontal joint 2c of the exterior material 2. Thus, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure 1 is improved.

[0066] The present disclosure is not limited to the appearance and configuration described in the above-described embodiment, and various modifications, additions, and deletions are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0067] For example, the bottom support material 10 may not be placed on the foundation 9, and the lowest inner surface material 3 may be placed on the foundation 9. In addition, the inner surface material 3 and the pillar materials 8, 20 are not limited to being placed in contact with each other, and may be placed with some gap between them, for example.

[0068] The internal fixing device 6 for fixing the inner surface material 3 according to the first and second embodiments is not limited to a staple, and a nail or a screw may be used.

[0069] When fixing the wall fixing device 7 according to the first and second embodiments, a combination of thin metal fittings and wooden furring strips may be used. In this combination, even if the metal fittings are thin, the wooden furring strips will cover the thinness, allowing for proper ventilation and insulation. Also, a spacer may be placed between the exterior surface material 2 and the fastener. Also, in the third embodiment, a spacer may be placed between the fastener and the support member 22 (wooden furring strip).

[0070] The dimensions of the exterior wall material 4 can be appropriately selected from various sizes, such as 455×3030 mm, 455×1820 mm, etc. Also, instead of horizontal installation in which the building materials are aligned and pasted together in the left-right direction, a vertical installation configuration may be used.

[0071] The exterior wall structure 1 according to the second embodiment is not limited to a configuration in which the tape members are affixed only to the horizontal joints 2c, 3c, but may be affixed only to the vertical joints 2d, 3d, or may be affixed to both the horizontal joints 2c, 3c and the vertical joints 2d, 3d. By affixing the tape members to both the vertical and horizontal joints, the fire resistance of the exterior wall structure is further improved. When the tape member is affixed to the vertical joint 2d of the exterior surface material 2, it can be affixed to both the indoor and outdoor sides in the same way as when it is affixed to the horizontal joint 2c. Moreover, when the tape member is affixed to the vertical joint 3d of the interior surface material 3, it can be affixed to the outdoor side in the same way as when it is affixed to the horizontal joint 3c.

[0072] In the second embodiment, the fire-resistant tape fastening points where tape members are affixed are provided in three layers: at the joint 2c between the indoor and outdoor sides of the outer material 2, and at the joint 3c on the indoor side of the inner material 3, but this does not necessarily have to be triple, and may be less than double.

[0073] The support member 22 (wooden furring strip) according to the third embodiment may extend horizontally instead of vertically.

[0074] In the construction of the exterior wall structure 1, at least a part of the pillar material 8 that does not have the inner surface material 3 may be covered with a spray coating material. This improves fire resistance and heat insulation. Also, heat insulation material may be placed between the pillar materials 8.

[0075] In the first embodiment, an example was shown in which two adjacent C-shaped steels and one C-shaped steel were arranged as the pillar materials 8, but the pillar materials 8 may be arranged in a pattern in which only two adjacent C-shaped steels are arranged, or in a pattern in which only one C-shaped steel is arranged. Also, square (rectangular) steel materials may be arranged.

[0076] The exterior wall structure 1 may be configured without laying the waterproof sheet 13.

[0077] The exterior wall structure 1 may be configured without providing the bottom support material 10. In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which a rectangular steel material is arranged as the bottom support material 10, but the bottom support material may be configured by combining two C-shaped steel pieces so that the gaps between the C-shaped steel pieces face each other in the vertical direction.

[0078] The method of fastening the staples (internal fixing device 6) can be appropriately selected from a gun stapler, an electric stapler, an air stapler, a hammer stapler, and the like.

[0079] In the above embodiment, an example was shown in which the wall fixing device 7 is composed of two components, a fastener and a screw, but the wall fixing device may be a single component. For example, the wall fixing device may be a nail that is hammered into the exterior surface of the exterior wall material and fixed to the pillar material.

[0080] In the above embodiment, an example has been shown in which the left and right joining members 11 (hat joiners) have a left and right width equal to or greater than that of the pillars, but the left and right width of the hat joiners may be shorter than that of the pillars. [Explanation of symbols]

[0081] 1 External wall structure 2 Exterior material 2c Horizontal joint of outer surface material 2d Vertical joint of outer surface material 3 Inner surface material 3c Horizontal joint of inner surface material 3d Vertical joint of inner surface material 4 Exterior wall materials 4a Top and bottom joints on the front side 4b Back side upper and lower joints 4c Horizontal joints of exterior wall materials 4d Vertical joints in exterior wall materials 4e Front side left and right joint 4f Back left and right joints 4g Vertical joints of exterior wall materials 4j Vertical joints of exterior wall materials 5 External fixture 6 Internal fixture 7 Wall fixings 7b Screw 7c Fasteners 7d fasteners 7e Screw 7f Fastener 8 Pillar material 9 Basics 10 Bottom support 11 Left and right joint members 12. Sealing 13. Tarpaulin 14 Draining material 15 Installation tool for starting tension 16 Tape material 17 Tape material 18 Tape material 20 Pillar material 21 Internal fixture 22 Support member

Claims

1. An exterior wall structure of a building, A plurality of pillars; An exterior material located on the outdoor side of the plurality of pillar materials; An external fixing tool that penetrates the exterior material from the outdoor side and fixes the exterior material to the pillar material; An inner surface material located on the indoor side of the outer surface material and between the plurality of pillar materials; an internal fixing device that penetrates the inner surface material from the indoor side and fixes the inner surface material to the outer surface material without protruding from the outdoor surface of the outer surface material; An exterior wall material located on the outdoor side of the exterior surface material with a gap therebetween; An exterior wall structure comprising: a wall fastener that penetrates the exterior surface material from the exterior side and fixes the exterior wall material to the pillar material.

2. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1 , wherein the inner surface material is thinner than the outer surface material.

3. A plurality of the inner surface members are arranged in a vertical direction, The inner surface material of the lowest stage is supported by a bottom support material extending horizontally, The exterior wall structure of claim 1 , wherein the bottom support is disposed on a foundation.

4. The lower end of the outer surface material abuts against the foundation, The exterior wall structure according to claim 3 , wherein the indoor surface of the exterior material abuts against the bottom support material.

5. A plurality of the exterior wall materials arranged side by side; A left and right joining member is provided to join adjacent exterior wall materials, The exterior wall structure according to claim 1 , wherein the left and right joint members are located on the outdoor side of the pillar material and have a left and right width spanning the left and right edges of the pillar material when viewed from the outdoor side.

6. A plurality of the inner surface materials arranged side by side; The exterior wall structure according to claim 1 , further comprising a tape member attached to an indoor surface of the inner surface material so as to cover a joint between adjacent inner surface materials from the indoor side.

7. A construction method for an exterior wall structure of a building, comprising the steps of: an outer surface material fixing process for arranging an outer surface material on the outdoor side of a plurality of pillar materials and fixing the outer surface material to the pillar materials by an outer fixing tool penetrating the outer surface material from the outdoor side; an inner surface material fixing process for arranging an inner surface material on the indoor side of the outer surface material and between the plurality of pillar materials, and fixing the inner surface material to the outer surface material with an inner fixing device that penetrates the inner surface material from the indoor side and does not protrude beyond the outdoor surface of the outer surface material; and an exterior wall material fixing process for arranging an exterior wall material at a distance from the exterior side of the exterior surface material and fixing the exterior wall material to the pillar material with a wall fastener penetrating the exterior surface material from the exterior side, A construction method for an exterior wall structure, in which construction is carried out in the order of the outer surface material fixing step, the inner surface material fixing step, and the exterior wall material fixing step, or in the order of the outer surface material fixing step, the exterior wall material fixing step, and the inner surface material fixing step.

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