Pipette with encapsulated or integral filter, and method and apparatus for forming pipette

Abstract

To provide: measuring pipettes with integral or encapsulated filters; and methods and apparatuses for forming the measuring pipettes.SOLUTION: A filter material (e.g., a discrete element in a solid form) or a filter material precursor (e.g., a foamable thermoplastic composition and a blowing agent) to be introduced into a hollow interior of a softened thermoplastic material is present within a mold during pipette fabrication. A pipette includes a filter element comprising a foamed polymeric material within a mouthpiece region, where an outer portion of the filter element is bound to or encapsulated in an inner wall of the mouthpiece region. A filter material precursor may be supplied coaxially with a tubular flow of a thermoplastic material into the mold, may be supplied laterally through a mold wall, or may be injected into a molten thermoplastic pipette forming material upstream of an extruder outlet.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

Related Applications

[0001] This application is a divisional application whose parent application is Patent Application No. 2020-529353 (international filing date: November 28, 2018), which is an international application claiming the benefit of priority under Section 120 of the U.S. Patent Act of the specification of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 592914, filed on November 30, 2017, and which has been nationalized in Japan, and whose parent application is a divisional application (Patent Application No. 2023-115803) filed on July 14, 2023. [Technical field]

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to an integrated measuring pipette having an improved filter and a method and apparatus for molding the integrated measuring pipette. [Background technology]

[0003] A pipette is a well-known tubular device that usually has openings at both ends and is designed to dispense measured amounts of liquid. Pipettes have been widely used in many industries where accurate measurement and dispensing of fluids is required, especially in the medical and laboratory testing and analysis fields. Measuring pipettes generally consist of straight glass or plastic tubes with one tapered end and are graduated in small sections so that different amounts of liquid can be measured with the same pipette. Measuring pipettes include Mohr pipettes (which have graduation marks that end near the tip before the taper begins) and serological pipettes (which have graduation marks that continue into the tapered area near the tip).

[0004] There are many different methods for manufacturing pipettes, including (i) welding the tip and tip components to a hollow tube, (ii) reheating a thick tube followed by stretching and trimming the pipette at one or both ends to form the tip and tip, and (iii) forming by application of differential pressure, including vacuum forming and blow molding. Each of these methods involves tradeoffs in cost, quality and / or performance.

[0005] An example of shaping by applying a pressure differential according to method (iii) to shape a pipette is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,433 entitled “Unitary Serological Pipette and Methods of Producing the Same,” assigned to Corning Incorporated and incorporated herein by reference. A typical pipette 10 that may be manufactured according to such a method is shown in FIG. 1A, with the pipette 10 having an inlet region 12, a body region 14, and a tip region 16, enlarged portions of which are shown in FIGS. 1B-1D, respectively (FIGS. 1A-1D correspond to figures attached to U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,433). Each of the inlet region 12, body region 14, and tip region 16 may have a corresponding wall thickness (i.e., inlet thickness 22, body thickness 24, and tip thickness 26) and a corresponding diameter (i.e., inlet diameter 32, body diameter 34, and tip diameter 36). FIGS. 1B-1D also show the pipette 10 having an inner curved surface 11 enclosing a space 18. 1A, the pipette 10 has an inlet 13 and a tip 15 aligned along a longitudinal axis, and a filter 19 adjacent the inlet 13. Optionally, the pipette 10 may have an inlet-body transition region 20 between the inlet region 12 and the body region 14, and a body-tip transition region 21 between the body region 14 and the tip region 16. In certain embodiments, the transition regions 20, 21 are provided with a substantially smooth inner surface 31 to reduce retention of fluid and / or particulate material. The pipette 10 may have a series of graduated volume markings 17 printed (or imprinted) along the outer surface 30 of (at least) the body region 14 to indicate the volume of liquid contained in the space 18 within the pipette 10. The pipette 10 may be configured to measure a particular volume (e.g., 1 mL (1 cm 3 ), 2mL (2cm 3 ), 5mL (5cm 3 ), 10mL (10cm 3 ), 25mL (25cm 3 ), 50mL (50cm 3 ), 100mL (100cm 3) or another desired volume of liquid. Pipette 10 may be manufactured from any suitable material, such as glass or a polymer (e.g., polystyrene, polyethylene, or polypropylene).

[0006] Optionally, the inlet thickness 22, the tip thickness 26, or both the inlet thickness 22 and the tip thickness 26 may be the same as the body thickness 24. In certain embodiments, one, some, or all of the inlet thickness 22, the tip thickness 26, and the body thickness 24 may be in the range of 0.25 mm to 2.5 mm, 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm, 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, 0.25 mm to about 0.5 mm, or about 0.25 mm to about 0.5 mm. The increased thickness in the aperture and tip regions 12, 16 may provide certain advantages, such as by making these regions more resistant to damage or destruction during use. The inlet, body, and tip diameters 32, 34, 36 may each be measured on the outside (e.g., between opposing points on the exterior surface of the pipette 10). Optionally, the body diameter 34 may be larger than the inlet diameter 32 or the tip diameter 36. The particular body diameter 34 may depend on the volume of liquid the pipette 10 is sized to hold. In some embodiments, the body diameter may range from about 4.0 mm to about 25.0 mm.

[0007] The production of the pipette 10 by molding under differential pressure may include feeding a heated parison (e.g., a tube or preform, typically in the shape of a hollow cylinder) into a mold and creating a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the parison to expand the parison and conform to the cavity of the mold. Alternatively, the heated parison may be extruded directly into the mold. The pressure difference on both sides of the wall of the parison may be created by feeding a pressurized gas (e.g., compressed air at 0.05-1.5 MPa) into the interior of the parison or by creating a subatmospheric pressure condition (e.g., also known as a vacuum condition at a pressure of 0.01-0.09 MPa) along the surface defining the cavity of the mold. Once the expanded material (already configured as a pipette) has cooled sufficiently, the mold is opened, the pipette is ejected, and the mold may receive (e.g., by extrusion into the mold) another heated parison to repeat the process. Then, in a secondary post-manufacturing step, a filter 19 is inserted into the inlet 13 of the pipette 10 such that it is retained within the inlet area 12. The filter 19 typically comprises a fibrous material.

[0008] The process of adding a fibrous filter to a pipette requires accurate filter cutting, transporting and insertion equipment. Filter insertion equipment (known as filter insertion equipment) may have one or more stations to accomplish the functions of inserting a filter into the pipette tip and packing the filter into the desired position within the tip. Yet another station may check the presence and proper positioning of the filter in the pipette tip before cleaning the pipette for another processing operation (e.g., sterilization and packaging). In some instances, the pipette may need to be designed with a molded tip component to provide a location feature to indicate the depth of the filter within the pipette. The filter grain size must also be optimized with the inner diameter of the pipette tip to allow for an interference fit between the filter and the tip, thereby preventing the filter from moving. Failure to properly position and hold the filter within the pipette can result in the presence of loose fibers or particles in the pipette, which can result in additional labor costs for reprocessing the pipette during manufacturing and / or interfere with the pipetting operation, with the detrimental effect of rendering the pipette unusable by the end user. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2017 / 091540 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] In view of the above, there is a need for pipettes having improved filters and improved methods and apparatus for manufacturing such pipettes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] Provided herein are measurement pipettes (eg, serological pipettes) having filters and methods and apparatus for molding measurement pipettes having filters.

[0012] The methods and apparatus described herein allow for a filter material or filter material precursor to be introduced into the hollow interior of a softened thermoplastic material present in a mold during pipette manufacture. Pipettes manufactured by such methods may have a filter element in the mouth region that includes a foamed polymeric material, with an outer portion of the filter element bonded or encapsulated to the inner wall of the mouth region. Compared to pipettes with conventional press-fit fibrous filters, the pipettes disclosed herein can provide improved filter reliability and performance, less contamination due to fibers or particulates, and reduced manufacturing costs.

[0013] According to one aspect of the disclosure, a pipette includes a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth region, and a filter element including a foamed polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded or encapsulated to an inner wall of the mouth region.

[0014] According to an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a pipette is provided. The method includes dispensing a heated thermoplastic material into a mold cavity that forms a tubular wall defining a hollow interior. The method further includes dispensing a filter material or a filter material precursor into at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic material is in the mold cavity at an elevated temperature. The method further includes cooling and solidifying the thermoplastic material and bonding or encapsulating a filter element corresponding to the filter material or filter material precursor to the inner wall of the mouth region to form a pipette having a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region.

[0015] According to an additional aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for manufacturing a pipette having a filter is provided. The apparatus includes an extrusion die configured to produce a flowable thermoplastic material that forms a thermoplastic tube having a tubular wall defining a hollow interior. The apparatus further includes a mold having a mold cavity configured to receive the thermoplastic tube. The apparatus further includes a material ejector configured to deliver a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic tube is in the mold cavity.

[0016] Additional features and advantages of the subject matter of the present disclosure will be set forth in the following detailed description, and in part will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description, or may be learned by practicing the subject matter of the present disclosure as described herein, including the following detailed description, claims, and accompanying drawings.

[0017] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description illustrate embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the subject matter as claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the subject matter of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the subject matter of the present disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] The following is a description of the accompanying drawings: The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and certain features and certain figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or schematic for the sake of clarity and conciseness. [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an integrated measuring pipette with graduation markings. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is an enlarged perspective view of the tip region of the pipette of FIG. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1B is an enlarged perspective view of a body region of the pipette of FIG. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1B is an enlarged perspective view of the inlet region of the pipette of FIG. [Figure 2A] 1A-1D are schematic cross-sectional views of steps in a method for vacuum forming an integrated measurement pipette. [Figure 2B] 1A-1D are schematic cross-sectional views of steps in a method for vacuum forming an integrated measurement pipette. [Figure 2C] 1A-1D are schematic cross-sectional views of steps in a method for vacuum forming an integrated measurement pipette. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for molding three integrated measurement pipettes with separation features between the pipette cavities. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for molding three integrated measurement pipettes having a plurality of successively separable mold assembly segments. [Figure 5A] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an upstream portion of a pipette manufacturing apparatus having a material ejector configured to feed preformed discrete cylindrical blocks of filter material in a solid state into a flowing stream of extruded thermoplastic material fed into a mold. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the downstream portion of the mold of FIG. 5A with a molded pipette therein after a one-piece filter comprising a separate cylindrical block of filter material has been placed inside the pipette. [Figure 6A] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a pipette manufacturing apparatus including a material ejector configured to deliver a flowable filter material precursor into a hollow interior of a heated thermoplastic material in a mold cavity, the filter material precursor being delivered coaxially to the heated thermoplastic material delivered in a tubular form by an extruder into the mold cavity; [Figure 6B] 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a larger portion of the pipette-making apparatus of FIG. 6A after forming a filter element from a filter material precursor within the mouth region of a pipette disposed within a mold cavity. [Figure 7A]A schematic cross-sectional view of a pipette manufacturing apparatus including a material ejector configured to supply a flowable filter material into a hollow interior of a heated thermoplastic material in a mold cavity, where the filter material precursor is supplied vertically through a portion of a tubular wall formed by the heated thermoplastic material supplied in tubular form to the mold cavity by an extruder. [Figure 7B] 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipette-making apparatus of FIG. 7A after forming a filter element from a filter material precursor within the mouth region of a pipette disposed within a mold cavity. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipette manufacturing apparatus including a material ejector that injects a flowable filter material precursor into a stream of molten thermoplastic material upstream of an extruder engaged in supplying the thermoplastic material in a tubular form to a mold cavity to form a pipette. [Figure 8B] 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipette-making apparatus of FIG. 8A after forming a filter element from a filter material precursor within the mouth region of a pipette disposed within a mold cavity. [Figure 9A] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipette manufacturing apparatus including a material ejector that injects a flowable filter material precursor into a stream of molten thermoplastic material upstream of an extruder engaged in supplying the thermoplastic material in a tubular form to a mold cavity to form a pipette. [Figure 9B] 9B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipette-making apparatus of FIG. 9A after forming a filter element from a filter material precursor generally in the mouth area of ​​the pipette disposed within the mold cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The present disclosure relates to a measuring pipette (e.g., serological pipette) with an integral or encapsulated filter and a method and apparatus for molding such a measuring pipette with a filter. To form a filter element, a filter material or a filter material precursor may be introduced into the hollow interior of a softened thermoplastic material present in a mold during pipette manufacturing (e.g., using blow molding or vacuum molding techniques). Such a filter element may include a foamed polymer material in the mouth area, with the outer portion of the filter element being bonded or encapsulated in the inner wall of the mouth area. The solid structure of the foamed polymer material does not have loose fibers and associated particulates that can result from fibrous filter elements press-fitted into conventional pipettes. In-situ formation of the filter element during pipette manufacturing eliminates the need for filter insertion equipment for downstream handling and filter insertion. Less post-forming handling reduces the risk of damage to the pipette, the risk of contamination and manufacturing costs. Encapsulating the filter material in the body material of the pipette also eliminates the possibility of filter migration during pipette manufacturing, shipping or use. Foam materials may also have better aerosol blocking properties than traditional fibrous filter materials, thereby providing improved filtration performance. Additionally, they may avoid the need for alignment features to indicate the depth of the filter within the pipette, and may eliminate the need for increased wall thickness in the mouthpiece region to provide a narrow inner diameter to create an interference fit with the filter material.

[0020] Blow or vacuum molding of pipettes using thermoplastic materials results in a biaxially oriented polymer body structure, which allows the wall thickness of the pipette body to be reduced. The polymer chains are oriented by exposing them to elongational strain (flow) in the molten or near-molten state. Biaxial orientation of a polymer material can be achieved by straining the material in two directions (e.g., radial and longitudinal) at elevated temperature and allowing the material to cool under strain. Compared to unoriented or uniaxially oriented polymers, biaxial orientation allows the production of films and containers of reduced thickness with enhanced mechanical and optical properties. Biaxial orientation may be obtained by blow molding or vacuum molding operations.

[0021] Before going into specific details of the apparatus and method for in situ formation of a filter element during pipette manufacture, a general introduction to the apparatus and method steps for molding a measurement pipette by molding under application of differential pressure is provided below with reference to Figures 3A-5.

[0022] 2A-2C are schematic cross-sectional views of steps of a method for forming an integrated measuring pipette by molding under differential pressure (e.g., blow molding or vacuum molding). A parison 60 (or tube or preform) may be inserted into a mold 50 consisting of mold halves 54, 56 having a mold cavity 58 defined by a molding surface 52. The mold 50 may have mold end features 64, 66 that may include a blade, knife or sharp edge used to cut or score the parison 60 or the pipette 10 (shown in FIG. 1A) formed in the mold 50. Typically, the parison 60 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder. However, the parison 60 may alternatively be provided as a polygon with hollow hexagonal walls or another shape. The parison 60 may have an inner curved surface 61 enclosing an interior space 68. The parison 60 may be made from any suitable material (including polymers such as polystyrene and polypropylene, or glass), for example, by extruding a polymer melt to form a hollow cylindrical tube. The parison 60 may be heated to a softening temperature range, at which the material of the parison 60 is readily moldable. This is followed by (i) inserting the parison 60 into the mold cavity 58 or (ii) closing the mold halves 54, 56 around the parison 60. A pressure differential is then created between the interior of the parison 60 and the mold cavity 58, such as by introducing pressurized gas into the parison or by creating a subatmospheric (e.g., vacuum) pressure condition in the mold cavity 58. If blow molding is used, compressed air (e.g., 0.05-1.5 MPa) may be introduced into the interior space 68 of the parison 60, and any air in the mold cavity 58 may escape through the gas passages 55. Conversely, if vacuum forming is used, subatmospheric pressure conditions (e.g., in the range of about 0.01 MPa to about 0.09 MPa) may be created by evacuating mold 50 through vacuum passages 55. The reduced pressure in mold cavity 58 causes parison 60 to expand outwardly into contact with mold 50 (which is at a lower temperature) and conform to the shape of mold cavity 58 to form pipette 10.

[0023] Manufacturing the pipette 10 (shown in FIG. 1A) by vacuum forming may increase the toughness of the pipette 10 due to biaxial expansion during the vacuum forming process. During vacuum forming, surface features such as volumetric marks 17 (shown in FIG. 1A) may be added to the outer surface of the pipette 10. These volumetric marks 17 may be formed by a number of different techniques, alone or in combination with each other. These techniques may include printing or imprinting the mold cavity 58 to form mold surface features corresponding to the pipette surface features during molding, depositing ink on the surface of the mold cavity 58 which is then transferred to the outer surface of the pipette 10 during molding, or inserting a label into the mold cavity 58 and attaching the label to the outer surface of the pipette 10 during molding. Once the pipette 10 has sufficiently cooled, the mold 50 may be opened, for example by opening the mold halves 54, 56, and the pipette 10 may be ejected. Optionally, one or both mold halves 54, 56 may be rotated to effect opening of the mold 50. A new parison may then be inserted into the mold 50 and the process repeated to mold another pipette.

[0024] In some embodiments, multiple pipettes may be manufactured simultaneously using one mold. FIG. 3 shows a mold 70 having three mold sections 72, 74, 76 in which three pipettes 80-82 are molded. The pipettes 80-82 may be vacuum formed and separated according to a separation mechanism, as described in more detail below. As an example, the pipettes 80-82 may be cut off by a separation mechanism 64, 66, which may be a blade, knife or sharp edge used to cut or score the parison 60 or the pipettes 80-82. Alternatively, the pipettes 80, 81 may be arranged such that their tip regions are adjacent to each other, and the pipettes 81, 82 may be arranged such that their inlet regions are adjacent to each other. Arranging the pipettes tip-to-tip and inlet-to-inlet may increase manufacturing efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs. For example, the amount of scrap pipette material generated may be reduced by arranging adjacent pipettes tip-to-tip and inlet-to-inlet. Alternatively, the pipettes may be positioned such that the inlet region of a first of pipettes 80, 81 is adjacent to the tip region of the other of pipettes 81, 82. A large step change from the inlet thickness to the tip thickness may provide a location in the mold 70 where the forces on the pipettes 81, 82 promote separation, leading to improved separation efficiency. Although not shown in FIG. 3, it should be appreciated that vacuum passages may be provided through mold sections 72, 74, 76 to allow vacuum forming to occur.

[0025] In some embodiments, the mold assembly may have multiple mold assembly segments that may be arranged in sequence to mold one or more pipettes. Optionally, each mold assembly segment may be shorter than the overall length of an individual pipette. FIG. 4 shows a mold assembly 90 including multiple mold assembly segments 92 that may be selectively opened and closed as desired during pipette manufacture. Instead of preforming a parison and inserting the parison into a mold, a polymer melt may be extruded through an extruder outlet 95 to contact the parison or preform sequentially with the mold assembly segments 92 to mold the parison or preform. The mold assembly 90 is shaped to mold the pipettes 80-82, which fit into the internal cavities 94 of the mold assembly segments 92. In certain embodiments, the individual mold assembly segments 92 may have a length ranging from about 0.25 inches to about 14 inches, about 0.50 inches to about 10 inches, about 1.0 inches to about 7.0 inches, or about 2.0 inches to about 4.0 inches. Compressed air may be intermittently or continuously provided into the mold assembly 90 to mold the pipettes 80-82 in the shape of the mold assembly 90. Subatmospheric pressure may be intermittently or continuously introduced into the mold assembly 90 (outside the pipettes 80-82) through gas passages (not shown) provided in the mold assembly segments 92 and in fluid communication with the molding surfaces defining the cavities 94 of the mold assembly segments 92. When the subatmospheric pressure condition is continuously maintained, the inlet, body and tip portions of the pipettes 80-82 may be shaped by varying the speed at which the mold assembly segment 92 is brought into contact with the pipettes 80-82 and / or by varying the exit speed of the extruder exit 95. The pipettes 80-82 may be stretched and severed by separation mechanisms 64, 66, which may include a blade, knife or sharp edge used to cut or score the pipettes 80-82.

[0026] In some embodiments, the filter element bonded to or encapsulated in the mouth region of the pipette may comprise a foamed polymer material. In some embodiments, the foamed polymer material may comprise a thermoset foam material. Thermoset plastics are plastics that are irreversibly hardened from a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. In some embodiments, the foamed polymer material may comprise a cross-linked foam material.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the foamed polymeric material used as the filter element has a significant open cell content. Foams having an open cell content of about 20% or greater, preferably about 50% or greater, more preferably about 60% or greater, and most preferably about 70% or greater are considered to be open cell foams.

[0028] One method of producing open-cell thermoplastic foams is by foaming at elevated temperatures. Another method of producing open-cell thermoplastic foams is to use dissimilar immiscible polymers in the resin that aid in cell opening by forming domains in the walls of the expanding cells.

[0029] In some embodiments, the foamed polymeric material comprises a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent. Common foaming agents that may be used with immiscible polymers include physical foaming agents that are generally applied under pressure to the resin prior to expansion and dissolved in the resin, or chemical foaming agents that decompose during processing to generate a foaming agent gas, such as carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen. Examples of blowing agents that may be used in certain embodiments include HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) (e.g., HCFC-142b (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane) and HCFC-22 (chloro-difluoromethane)), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) (e.g., HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane), HFC-32 (difluoromethane), HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane)), alkanes (including n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, n-butane, isobutane and hexane), carbon dioxide, nitrogen and mixtures thereof.

[0030] Various additives may be incorporated into foamed polymeric materials usable as filter elements. In an embodiment, as disclosed in EP 20296666, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (TDCE) may be used to help control the open cell content of thermoplastic foams, particularly polystyrene foams. Adding small amounts of TDCE to a foamable thermoplastic composition blown with a less soluble blowing agent can enhance processability by lowering the required operating pressure and limiting excessively early venting. In an embodiment, the blowing agent composition may contain less than about 20% by weight or less than about 10% by weight TDCE. Because TDCE is a good solvent for polystyrene, excessively high levels of TDCE in the blowing agent mixture may make it difficult to produce low density closed cell foams of polystyrene. Because the addition of TDCE can increase the solubility of the blowing agent in the resin mixture, the presence of TDCE may allow the production of lower density closed cell foams than would be obtained if the blowing agent were used without TDCE.

[0031] The foamed material may be characterized in part by cell size. In some embodiments, the polymer foam material may have an average cell size of 1 mm or less, preferably 0.1 mm or less, more preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mm (10 to 1000 μm) according to ASTM D3576-77. In some embodiments, the polymer foam may have an average cell size of 0.01 to 0.07 mm.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the foam may have a mean flow pore diameter (MFPD) of 0.1 μm to 50 μm, optionally modified by lower limits of 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, or 15 μm. The desired MFPD value varies depending on the media being filtered (e.g., gas, liquid, or both), the contaminants or components being removed by filtration, the available differential pressure, and the desired efficiency level. In contrast to the average cell size (which relates to the average cell size in the foam), the MFPD relates to the average pore size at which half of the total media flow (e.g., air flow) occurs through pores sized larger than the average pore size, and half of the total media flow occurs through pores sized smaller than the average pore size.

[0033] Various types of polymeric materials (e.g., plastics) may be manufactured into foams suitable for forming the filter elements disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the foamed polymeric material may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polystyrene, metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene, polybutane, polybutylene, polyurethane, silicone, vinyl-based resin, thermoplastic elastomer, polyester, ethylene acrylic copolymer, ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl-acrylate copolymer, ethylene-butyl-acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl-acrylic copolymer, ionomer, polypropylene, copolymers of polypropylene and copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, as well as ethylene acrylic copolymer, ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl-acrylate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic olefin, thermoplastic vulcanizate, flexible polyolefin, fluoroelastomer, fluoropolymer, mixtures thereof, ethylene-butyl-acrylate copolymer, and ethylene-ethyl acrylic copolymer.

[0034] 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an upstream portion of a pipette manufacturing apparatus 100 having a material ejector 102 configured to feed preformed discrete cylindrical blocks of filter material 104 in a solid state into a flowing tubular stream 118 of extruded thermoplastic material 112 fed from an extruder 110 to a mold 120. The blocks of filter material 104 may comprise a foamed polymeric material. The material ejector 102, extruder 110 and mold 120 are collinear, and a central passageway 115 is provided in the extruder 110 to allow movement of the blocks of filter material 104. The material ejector 102 has a track 106 for guiding the movement of the blocks of filter material 104 towards the extruder 110, with the filter material insertion direction indicated by arrow 107. The extruder 110 has an internal passageway 116 for conveying the molten thermoplastic material 112 to an annular outlet 117. From the outlet 117, a tubular stream 118 of extruded thermoplastic material is fed into a cavity 122 of a mold 120 where a hollow interior 133 is maintained within the thermoplastic material. When the block of filter material 104 comes into contact with the tubular stream 118 of extruded thermoplastic material, the block of filter material 104 is conveyed to a portion of the hollow interior 133 within the cavity 122 of the mold 120. The release of the filter material 104 into the tubular stream 118 of extruded thermoplastic material may be timed to coincide with the melt region being formed into the pipette tip region. The mold 120 may have multiple mold assembly segments (such as, for example, the mold assembly segment 92 shown and described in connection with FIG. 4) that may be arranged in sequence and selectively opened and closed as needed. The direction of movement of the thermoplastic material relative to the mold 120 is indicated by arrow 127 in FIG. 5B. As the extruded tubular stream 118 of thermoplastic material cools and solidifies within the mold 120, the tubular stream 118 contracts toward the block of filter material 104, as shown in FIG. 5B, encapsulating the block of filter material 140 within the resulting area of ​​the pipette 130 (e.g., the mouthpiece area).

[0035] Figure 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the downstream portion of the mold 120 of Figure 5A having a molded pipette 130 therein after a one-piece filter comprised of a separate cylindrical block of filter material 104 has been placed within the pipette interior 133. The pipette 130 has a mouth region 132, a body region 134 and a tip region 136, all disposed between a tip 135 and a mouth end 131. As shown, the filter material 104 is enclosed within the mouth region 132 against an inner surface 139 of the mouth region 132.

[0036] 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a pipette manufacturing apparatus 140 having a material ejector 141 configured to deliver a flowable (e.g., liquid-containing) filter material precursor 143 into a hollow interior of a flowing tubular stream 158 of extruded thermoplastic material 152 delivered from an extruder 150 to a mold 160. The material ejector 141, extruder 150, and mold 160 are collinear, with a nozzle 144 penetrating the core 151 of the extruder 150 and terminating at an outlet 145 within a cavity 162 (shown in FIG. 6B) of the mold 160. The flowable filter material precursor 143 may be stored in a reservoir 142 disposed upstream of the extruder 150. The extruder 150 has an internal passageway 156 for conveying the molten thermoplastic material 152 to an annular outlet 157. From the outlet 157, a tubular stream 158 of extruded thermoplastic material is fed into a cavity 162 (shown in FIG. 6B) of a mold 160 where a hollow interior 173 is maintained within the thermoplastic material. The release of the flowable filter material precursor 143 into the hollow interior 173 may be timed to coincide with the portion of the thermoplastic material being molded into the pipette mouth area. The direction of insertion of the flowable filter material precursor 143 is indicated by arrow 167. As the flowable filter material precursor 143 is released into the hollow interior 173, the flowable filter material precursor 143 fills the hollow interior over a finite length or the flowable filter material precursor 143 expands to contact the inner surface 179 of the mouth area 172 (shown in FIG. 5B). In either example, as the tubular stream 158 of extruded thermoplastic material cools and solidifies within the mold 160, the tubular stream 158 contracts toward the filter 148, as shown in FIG. 5B, enclosing the filter 148 within a region (e.g., the mouth area) of the resulting pipette 130.

[0037] FIG 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipette-making apparatus 140 of FIG 6A having a molded pipette 170 therein after the integral filter 148 formed from the flowable filter material precursor 143 has been received in the pipette interior 173. Various elements previously described in connection with FIG 6A will not be described again to promote brevity. The pipette 170 has a mouth region 172, a body region 174, and a tip region 176, all disposed between a tip 175 and a mouth end 171, with the filter material 148 encapsulated in the mouth region 172 against an inner surface 179 of the mouth region 172. Although not shown in FIGS 6A and 6B, in some embodiments, the flowable filter material precursor 143 may be discharged at a location just outside the mold 160.

[0038] 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipette manufacturing apparatus 180 having a material ejector 181 configured to deliver a flowable filter material precursor 183 into a hollow interior of a flowing tubular stream 198 of extruded thermoplastic material 192 delivered from an extruder 190 to a mold 200. The extruder 190 and mold 200 are collinear, but the material ejector 181 is positioned perpendicular to the mold 200. The flowable filter material precursor 183 may be stored in a reservoir 182 and delivered by a conduit 184 through a thermally or mechanically operated valve 186 to an outlet 185 on the surface of a cavity 202 of the mold 200. The flowable filter material precursor 183 may thus be expelled through the walls of the heated, softened thermoplastic material that ultimately forms the pipette. After such ejection is complete, the heated, softened thermoplastic wall preferably flows laterally to cover any temporary ejection openings formed in the wall. The extruder 190 has an internal passageway 196 for conveying the molten thermoplastic material 192 to an annular outlet 197. From the outlet 197, a tubular flow 198 of the extruded thermoplastic material is fed (e.g., parallel to the direction indicated by the arrow 207) into a cavity 202 of the mold 200, where a hollow interior 213 is maintained within the thermoplastic material. The ejection of the flowable filter material precursor 183 into the hollow interior 213 may be timed to coincide with the portion of the thermoplastic material that is molded into the pipette tip area. As the flowable filter material precursor 183 is ejected into the hollow interior 213, the flowable filter material precursor 183 may fill the inner diameter of the hollow interior 213. Alternatively, the flowable filter material precursor 183 may comprise an expandable material, in which case, preferably, enough of the flowable filter material precursor 183 is expelled such that the flowable filter material precursor 183 can expand to fill the inner diameter of the hollow interior 213.In either example, as the tubular stream 198 of extruded thermoplastic material 192 cools and solidifies within the mold 200, the tubular stream 198 contracts toward the filter 188, as shown in FIG. 7B, enclosing the filter 188 within the resulting area of ​​the pipette 210 (e.g., the mouth area 212).

[0039] 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view of pipette manufacturing apparatus 180 having molded pipette 210 therein after one-piece filter 188 formed from flowable filter material precursor 183 has been placed into pipette interior 213. Pipette 210 has mouth region 212, body region 214 and tip region 216, all disposed between tip 215 and mouth end 211, with filter material 188 encapsulated in mouth region 212 against inner surface 219 of mouth region 212.

[0040] In some embodiments, during the molding of the mouth area, a foaming agent may be injected into the melt stream for molding the pipette. During such a step, any vacuum or air pressure used to create a pressure differential for molding the mouth is disabled (e.g., stopped or postponed). This action causes the melt stream to collapse, resulting in a predetermined mass of porous material in the mouth mold cavity, which mass forms the porous filter. The extruder outlet may be increased and / or the line of the mold assembly segment may be slowed down to allow for continuous deposition of material at the location of the filter. Once the required mass is achieved, the desired pressure differential may be re-established and normal production may be resumed. When the pipette body containing the porous filter cools in the mold, the foaming material expands and solidifies, forming the porous filter at the mouth.

[0041] 8A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipette-making apparatus 220 having a material ejector 221 configured to inject a flowable filter material precursor 223 into an interior passageway 236 of an extruder 230 for contact with an extruded thermoplastic material 232 upstream of an annular extruder outlet 237. The apparatus 220 is suitable for making pipettes 250 having a tubular body region 254 positioned between a tip region 256 and a mouth region 252, all of which are positioned between a tip 255 and a mouth end 251. The pipette-making apparatus 220 is shown delivering a stream 238 of extruded thermoplastic material 232 from the extruder 230 to a die 240. The extruder 230 and die 240 are collinear, but the material ejector 221 is positioned perpendicular to the extruder 230. Flowable filter material precursor 223 may be stored in reservoir 222 and fed to extruder 230 by conduit 224 and outlet 225, optionally with a valve (not shown). Within extruder 230, flowable filter material precursor 223 may be injected into interior passage 236 upstream of extruder outlet 237. From outlet 237, a tubular stream 238 of extruded thermoplastic material or a combination of extruded thermoplastic material and flowable filter material precursor 223 is fed to cavity 242 of mold 240. The release of flowable filter material precursor 243 into extruder 230 may be timed to coincide with the portion of thermoplastic material being molded into pipette mouth area 252. The direction of insertion of stream 238 of extruded thermoplastic material 232 into mold 240 is indicated by arrow 247.

[0042] 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipette-making apparatus 220 having a molded pipette 250 therein after the pipette interior 253 contains an integral filter element 228 formed from the flowable filter material precursor 223. Within the pipette 250, the integral filter element 228 is encapsulated in the mouth region 252 within the otherwise hollow interior 253 of the pipette 250 against the inner surface 259 of the mouth region 252. The integral filter element 228 may be formed during molding of the mouth region, including injecting a flowable filter material precursor (e.g., a foamable thermoplastic composition and a blowing agent) into the melt stream for molding the pipette, as described above. During such a step, any vacuum or air pressure used to create a pressure differential for molding the mouth tip is disabled (e.g., stopped or postponed), but the combined melt streams collapse and reform after forming the integral filter element 228, resulting in a predetermined mass of porous material in the mouth tip mold cavity.

[0043] 9A and 9B show the same apparatus 220 as described in relation to FIGS. 8A and 8B, but a different pipette 260 is formed in FIGS. 9A and 9B due to the presence of a porous filter element 270 that constitutes substantially the entire mouth region 262 of the pipette 260. The pipette 260 has an inner surface 269 that defines a hollow interior 263. The apparatus 220 is suitable for producing a pipette 260 having a tubular body 264 positioned between a tip region 266 and a mouth region 262, all of which are positioned between a tip 265 and a mouth end 261. The same elements previously described in relation to FIGS. 8A and 8B will not be described again for the sake of brevity. In FIG. 9A, a pipette-making apparatus 220 is shown that delivers a stream 238 of extruded thermoplastic material 232 from an extruder 230 to a mold 240. Just prior to forming the mouth area 262, in the extruder 230, the flowable filter material precursor 223 is injected into the interior passage 236 upstream of the extruder outlet 237, resulting in the presence of a combination of the flowable filter material precursor 223 and the extruded thermoplastic material 232. As the combined materials are fed to the mold 240, the extruder output may be increased and / or the lines of the mold assembly segments may be adjusted, and any vacuum or air pressure used to create a pressure differential to form the mouth tip is disabled, thereby filling the entire (or substantially the entire) hollow interior 263 in the mouth portion 262. Upon cooling, the flowable filter material precursor 223 expands, and the entire mouth portion 262 becomes a porous filter 270, as shown in FIG. 9B. This porous filter 270 is thus integral with the interior wall 269 at or adjacent to the mouth portion 262.

[0044] According to embodiments disclosed herein, a method for manufacturing a pipette includes delivering a heated thermoplastic material into a mold cavity that forms a tubular wall defining a hollow interior. The method further includes delivering a filter material or filter material precursor into at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic material is in the mold cavity at an elevated temperature (within the softening temperature of the thermoplastic material). The method further includes cooling and solidifying the thermoplastic material and bonding or encapsulating a filter element corresponding to the filter material or filter material precursor to the inner wall of the mouth region to form a pipette having a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region.

[0045] In some embodiments, the method includes providing a filter material in a solid state to at least a portion of the hollow interior comprising a pre-fabricated separate filter element, hi some embodiments, the pre-fabricated separate filter element comprises a polymer foam material.

[0046] In some embodiments, a filter material precursor may be injected into at least a portion of the hollow interior. The filter material precursor may be comprised of a polymer foam-forming composition that includes a liquid component. In some embodiments, the filter material precursor includes a foamable thermoplastic composition and a blowing agent, such as a chemical blowing agent or a physical blowing agent.

[0047] In some embodiments, a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the filter material precursor is injected into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis. For example, the filter material precursor can be injected into the hollow interior coincident with the longitudinal axis, or a heated and softened thermoplastic material can be provided into the hollow interior in the form of a tube surrounding the filter material injector. In some embodiments, the filter material precursor is injected into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis through the tubular wall.

[0048] In some embodiments, the heated thermoplastic material may be fed into the mold cavity as a stream of molten thermoplastic material through an extruder outlet. Optionally, a liquid-containing filter material precursor may be fed into the mold cavity through the same extruder outlet, such as by feeding the precursor into the extruder channel so that it contacts the molten thermoplastic material. In some embodiments, the extruder outlet includes an annular outlet.

[0049] In certain embodiments, a method of making a pipette includes creating a pressure differential between the hollow interior and the mold cavity to expand at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0050] In an embodiment, after the step of flowing the liquid filter material precursor through the extruder outlet and into the mold cavity, the step includes postponing or ceasing the creation of a pressure differential between the hollow interior and the mold cavity at the mouth region to collapse a portion of the tubular wall around the filter element containing the liquid filter material precursor.

[0051] According to embodiments disclosed herein, the pipette has a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth region, and a filter element including a foamed polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded or encapsulated to an inner wall of the mouth region.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably bonded to the inner wall of the mouth region. As used herein, the term "interpenetrably bonded" refers to two adjacent polymer-containing surfaces that are bonded together such that at least some of the polymer chains on both surfaces are linked to each other. In some embodiments, the bond between the filter element and the inner wall of the mouth region is free of adhesive.

[0053] In some embodiments, the foamed polymeric material may comprise a thermoset foam material or a crosslinked foam material. In some embodiments, the foamed polymeric material may comprise expanded polystyrene. In some embodiments, the foamed polymeric material comprises an open cell foam having an open cell content of at least 50%.

[0054] In some embodiments, the tubular body may comprise a thermoplastic material that is preferably biaxially oriented. In some embodiments, the tubular body has a nominal thickness in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the tubular body, tip region, and mouth region have unitary properties and are free of any welded seams that may result in unwanted residue and particles in the provided pipette, and may also result in protrusions or ridges that may cause fluid and contaminants to accumulate within the pipette.

[0056] According to embodiments disclosed herein, an apparatus for manufacturing a pipette having a filter includes an extrusion die, a mold, and a material ejector. The extrusion die is configured to produce a flowable thermoplastic material that forms a thermoplastic tube having a tubular wall defining a hollow interior. The mold has a mold cavity configured to receive the thermoplastic tube. The material ejector is configured to deliver a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic tube is in the mold cavity.

[0057] In some embodiments, the material ejector is configured to deliver filter material comprising pre-fabricated separate filter elements in a solid state into at least a portion of the hollow interior, hi some embodiments, the material ejector is configured to inject a filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0058] In some embodiments, a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form through the tubular wall into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction non-parallel (e.g., perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis.

[0059] In some embodiments, the material ejector is connected to a supply of filter material precursor comprising a polymer foam-forming composition that includes a liquid component, hi some embodiments, the material ejector is connected to a supply of filter material precursor comprising a foamable thermoplastic composition and a blowing agent.

[0060] In some embodiments, the extrusion die has an extrusion die outlet, and the material ejector is configured to deliver the filter material precursor through the extrusion die outlet to at least a portion of the hollow interior. In some embodiments, the mold cavity has a plurality of gas outlets configured to allow escape of gas from the mold cavity when a pressure differential is created across the tubular wall sufficient to expand at least a portion of the annular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0061] According to aspect (1) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette having a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region and having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth, and a filter element including a foamed polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded or encapsulated to an inner wall of the mouth region.

[0062] According to an aspect (2) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette as described in aspect (1), wherein an outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably attached to an inner wall of the mouth region.

[0063] According to an aspect (3) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to aspect (1) or (2), wherein the foamed polymer material comprises a thermosetting foam material.

[0064] According to an aspect (4) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to aspect (1) or (2), wherein the expanded polymer material comprises a cross-linked foam material.

[0065] According to an aspect (5) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to aspect (1) or (2), wherein the expanded polymer material comprises expanded polystyrene.

[0066] According to an aspect (6) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to any one of aspects (1) to (5), wherein the foamed polymer material comprises an open-cell foam having an open cell content of at least 50%.

[0067] According to an aspect (7) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to any one of aspects (1) to (6), wherein the nominal thickness of the tubular body is in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

[0068] According to one aspect (8) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to any one of aspects (1) to (7), wherein the tubular body comprises a thermoplastic material.

[0069] According to an aspect (9) of the present disclosure, there is provided the pipette of aspect (8), wherein the thermoplastic material is biaxially oriented.

[0070] According to an aspect (10) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to any one of aspects (1) to (9), wherein the tubular body, tip region and mouth region are integral and do not have any welded seams.

[0071] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing a pipette, the method including the steps of: delivering a heated thermoplastic material into a mold cavity that forms a tubular wall defining a hollow interior, delivering a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the heated thermoplastic material is in the mold cavity at an elevated temperature, and allowing the heated thermoplastic material to cool and solidify to bond or encapsulate a filter element corresponding to the filter material or filter material precursor to the inner wall of the mouth region to form a pipette having a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region.

[0072] According to an aspect (12) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (11), wherein the step of delivering the filter material or filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior comprises delivering a filter material in a solid state comprising pre-fabricated separate filter elements to at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0073] According to an aspect (13) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (12), wherein the pre-fabricated separate filter elements comprise a polymer foam material.

[0074] According to an aspect (14) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (11), wherein the step of providing the filter material or filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior includes the step of injecting the filter material precursor into at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0075] According to an aspect (15) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (14), wherein the filter material precursor comprises a polymer foam-forming composition that includes a liquid component.

[0076] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of the fourteenth aspect, wherein the filter material precursor comprises a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent.

[0077] According to an aspect (17) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (16), wherein the blowing agent comprises a chemical blowing agent.

[0078] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the blowing agent comprises a physical blowing agent.

[0079] According to an aspect (19) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (14), wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the filter material precursor is injected into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis.

[0080] According to an aspect (20) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (14), wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the filter material precursor is injected through the tubular wall into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0081] According to an aspect (21) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of any one of aspects (11) to (20), wherein the step of supplying the heated thermoplastic material comprises flowing a stream of molten thermoplastic material through an extruder outlet and into the mold cavity.

[0082] According to an aspect (22) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (21), wherein the step of supplying a filter material or filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior comprises flowing a liquid filter material precursor through an extruder outlet and into the mold cavity.

[0083] According to an embodiment (23) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method according to embodiment (22), wherein the extruder outlet comprises an annular outlet.

[0084] According to an aspect (24) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of aspect (22), further comprising postponing or ceasing creation of a pressure differential between at least a portion of the hollow interior and the mold cavity to collapse a portion of the tubular wall around the filter element containing the liquid filter material precursor at the mouth region after the step of flowing the liquid filter material precursor through the extruder outlet and into the mold cavity.

[0085] According to an aspect (25) of the present disclosure, there is provided the method of any one of aspects (11) to (20), further comprising creating a pressure differential between at least a portion of the hollow interior and the mold cavity to expand at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0086] According to an aspect (26) of the present disclosure, there is provided a pipette according to any one of aspects (11) to (25), wherein the elevated temperature is within the softening temperature of the thermoplastic material.

[0087] According to a twenty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for manufacturing a pipette having a filter, the apparatus comprising: an extrusion die configured to produce a flowable thermoplastic material that forms a thermoplastic tube having a tubular wall defining a hollow interior, a mold having a mold cavity configured to receive the thermoplastic tube, and a material ejector configured to deliver a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic tube is in the mold cavity.

[0088] According to an aspect (28) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of aspect (27), wherein the material ejector is configured to supply filter material comprising prefabricated separate filter elements in a solid state to at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0089] According to an aspect (29) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of aspect (27), wherein the material ejector is configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0090] According to an aspect (30) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (29), wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis.

[0091] According to an aspect (31) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (29), wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form through the tubular wall in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis and into at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0092] According to an aspect (32) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (31), wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of filter material precursor comprising a polymer foam-forming composition having a liquid component.

[0093] According to an aspect (33) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (31), wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of a filter material precursor comprising a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent.

[0094] According to an aspect (34) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (33), wherein the extrusion die has an extrusion die outlet, and the material ejector is configured to supply the filter material precursor through the extrusion die outlet to at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0095] According to an aspect (35) of the present disclosure, there is provided the apparatus of any one of aspects (27) to (34), wherein the mold cavity has a plurality of gas outlets configured to allow escape of gas from the mold cavity when a pressure differential is created across the tubular wall sufficient to expand at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0096] In another aspect of the disclosure, it is expressly contemplated that any two or more aspects, embodiments, or features disclosed herein may be combined for additional advantage.

[0097] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. That is, for example, reference to a "notch" includes instances having two or more such "notches" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0098] The term "including" means including but not limited to, i.e., inclusive and non-exclusive.

[0099] "Optional" or "optionally" means that the event, circumstance, or component described after the word may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances in which the event, circumstance, or component occurs and instances in which it does not occur.

[0100] Ranges can be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value and / or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, examples include from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values ​​are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each range are significant in relation to and independently of the other endpoint.

[0101] Unless expressly stated otherwise, it is not intended that any method set forth herein be interpreted as requiring that its steps be performed in a particular order. Thus, unless a method claim actually recites the order in which its steps are to be followed, or unless otherwise specifically stated in the claim or detailed description that the steps are to be limited to a particular order, no particular order is intended to be inferred. Any recited feature or aspects in any one claim can be combined with or substituted for any other recited feature or aspect in any other claim.

[0102] It should also be noted that enumerations herein refer to components that are "configured" or "adapted" to function in a particular manner. In this regard, such components are "configured" or "adapted" to achieve particular properties or functions in a particular manner, and such enumerations are structural enumerations as opposed to intended use enumerations. More specifically, references herein to the manner in which a component is "configured" or "adapted" refer to the existing physical condition of the component, and thus should be taken as an explicit reference to the structural characteristics of the component.

[0103] Although various features, elements or steps of particular embodiments may be disclosed using the transition phrase "comprising," it should be understood that alternative embodiments are suggested, including those that may be described using the transition phrase "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of."

[0104] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications can be made to the technology of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Since improvements, combinations, subcombinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the inventive technology may occur to those skilled in the art, the inventive technology should be understood to include all within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0105] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.

[0106] EMBODIMENT 1 A pipette comprising: a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the tubular body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth; a filter element including an expanded polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded or encapsulated within an inner wall of the mouth region. pipette.

[0107] EMBODIMENT 2 2. The pipette of embodiment 1, wherein the outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably bonded to the inner wall of the mouth region.

[0108] EMBODIMENT 3 3. The pipette of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the foamed polymeric material comprises a thermoset foam material.

[0109] EMBODIMENT 4 3. The pipette of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the expanded polymeric material comprises a cross-linked foam material.

[0110] EMBODIMENT 5 3. The pipette of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the expanded polymeric material comprises expanded polystyrene.

[0111] EMBODIMENT 6 6. The pipette of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the foamed polymer material comprises an open-cell foam having an open cell content of at least 50%.

[0112] EMBODIMENT 7 7. The pipette of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the nominal thickness of the tubular body is in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

[0113] EMBODIMENT 8 8. The pipette of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the tubular body comprises a thermoplastic material.

[0114] EMBODIMENT 9 9. The pipette of embodiment 8, wherein the thermoplastic material is biaxially oriented.

[0115] EMBODIMENT 10 10. The pipette of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the tubular body, the tip region and the mouth region are integral and do not have any welded seams.

[0116] EMBODIMENT 11 1. A method for manufacturing a pipette, comprising the steps of: providing a heated thermoplastic material into the mold cavity that forms a tubular wall defining a hollow interior; while the heated thermoplastic material is within the mold cavity at an elevated temperature, delivering a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior; cooling and solidifying the heated thermoplastic material to form a pipette having a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, and bonding or encapsulating the filter material or a filter element corresponding to the filter material precursor to an inner wall of the mouth region; 16. A method for manufacturing a pipette, comprising:

[0117] EMBODIMENT 12 12. The method for manufacturing a pipette of embodiment 11, wherein the step of supplying the filter material or the filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior includes a step of supplying a filter material constituting a prefabricated separate filter element in a solid state to at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0118] EMBODIMENT 13 13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the pre-fabricated separate filter elements comprise a polymer foam material.

[0119] EMBODIMENT 14 12. The method of embodiment 11, wherein the step of providing the filter material or the filter material precursor to the at least a portion of the hollow interior comprises injecting a filter material precursor into the at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0120] EMBODIMENT 15 15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein the filter material precursor comprises a polymeric foam-forming composition that includes a liquid component.

[0121] EMBODIMENT 16 15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein the filter material precursor comprises a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent.

[0122] EMBODIMENT 17 17. The method of embodiment 16, wherein the blowing agent comprises a chemical blowing agent.

[0123] EMBODIMENT 18 17. The method of embodiment 16, wherein the blowing agent comprises a physical blowing agent.

[0124] EMBODIMENT 19 15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the filter material precursor is injected into at least the portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis.

[0125] EMBODIMENT 20 15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein a longitudinal axis can be defined along a center of the tubular wall, and the filter material precursor is injected through the tubular wall into at least the portion of the hollow interior in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0126] EMBODIMENT 21 21. The method of any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein the step of providing the heated thermoplastic material comprises flowing a stream of molten thermoplastic material through an extruder outlet and into the mold cavity.

[0127] EMBODIMENT 22 22. The method of embodiment 21, wherein the step of providing the filter material or the filter material precursor to the at least a portion of the hollow interior comprises flowing a liquid filter material precursor through the outlet of the extruder and into the mold cavity.

[0128] EMBODIMENT 23 23. The method of embodiment 22, wherein the outlet of the extruder comprises an annular outlet.

[0129] EMBODIMENT 24 23. The method of embodiment 22, further comprising postponing or ceasing creation of a pressure differential between at least a portion of the hollow interior and the mold cavity to collapse a portion of the tubular wall around a filter element containing the liquid filter material precursor at the mouth region after the step of flowing the liquid filter material precursor through the outlet of the extruder and into the mold cavity.

[0130] EMBODIMENT 25 21. The method of any one of claims 11 to 20, further comprising creating a pressure differential between the at least a portion of the hollow interior and the mold cavity to expand the at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0131] EMBODIMENT 26 26. The method of any one of claims 11 to 25, wherein the elevated temperature is within the softening temperature of the thermoplastic material.

[0132] EMBODIMENT 27 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a pipette having a filter, comprising: an extrusion die configured to produce a flowable thermoplastic material that forms a thermoplastic tube having a tubular wall defining a hollow interior; a mold having a mold cavity configured to receive the thermoplastic tube; a material ejector configured to deliver a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic tube is in the mold cavity; An apparatus comprising:

[0133] EMBODIMENT 28 28. The apparatus of embodiment 27, wherein the material ejector is configured to deliver filter material comprising prefabricated separate filter elements in a solid state to at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0134] EMBODIMENT 29 28. The apparatus of embodiment 27, wherein the material ejector is configured to inject a filter material precursor in a flowable form into the at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0135] EMBODIMENT 30 A longitudinal axis may be defined along a center of the tubular wall; 30. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 29, wherein the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject a filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis.

[0136] EMBODIMENT 31 A longitudinal axis may be defined along a center of the tubular wall; 30. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 29, wherein the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form through the tubular wall in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis and into at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0137] EMBODIMENT 32 32. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 31, wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of filter material precursor comprising a polymer foam-forming composition having a liquid component.

[0138] EMBODIMENT 33 32. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 31, wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of a filter material precursor comprising a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent.

[0139] EMBODIMENT 34 34. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 33, wherein the extrusion die has an extrusion die outlet, and the material ejector is configured to supply a filter material precursor through the extrusion die outlet to at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0140] EMBODIMENT 35 35. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 27 to 34, wherein the mold cavity has a plurality of gas outlets configured to allow escape of gas from the mold cavity when a pressure differential is formed across the tubular wall sufficient to expand the at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

[0141] EMBODIMENT 36 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a pipette having a filter, comprising: an extrusion die configured to produce a flowable thermoplastic material that forms a thermoplastic tube having a tubular wall defining a hollow interior; a mold having a mold cavity configured to receive the thermoplastic tube; a material ejector configured to deliver a filter material or a filter material precursor to at least a portion of the hollow interior while the thermoplastic tube is in the mold cavity; An apparatus comprising:

[0142] EMBODIMENT 37 37. The apparatus of embodiment 36, wherein the material ejector is configured to supply filter material comprising prefabricated separate filter elements in a solid state to at least a portion of the hollow interior.

[0143] EMBODIMENT 38 37. The apparatus of embodiment 36, wherein the material ejector is configured to inject a filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0144] EMBODIMENT 39 A longitudinal axis may be defined along a center of the tubular wall; The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 38, wherein the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject a filter material precursor in a flowable form into at least a portion of the hollow interior in a direction substantially parallel to or coincident with the longitudinal axis.

[0145] EMBODIMENT 40 A longitudinal axis may be defined along a center of the tubular wall; The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 38, wherein the material ejector has an outlet configured to eject the filter material precursor in a flowable form through the tubular wall in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis and into at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0146] EMBODIMENT 41 41. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of filter material precursor comprising a polymer foam-forming composition having a liquid component.

[0147] EMBODIMENT 42 41. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 40, wherein the material ejector is connected to a supply of a filter material precursor comprising a foamable thermoplastic composition and a foaming agent.

[0148] EMBODIMENT 43 43. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 42, wherein the extrusion die has an extrusion die outlet, and the material ejector is configured to supply a filter material precursor through the extrusion die outlet to at least the portion of the hollow interior.

[0149] EMBODIMENT 44 44. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 36 to 43, wherein the mold cavity has a plurality of gas outlets configured to allow escape of gas from the mold cavity when a pressure differential is formed across the tubular wall sufficient to expand the at least a portion of the tubular wall into contact with a molding surface of the mold cavity.

Claims

1. A pipette comprising: a tubular body disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the tubular body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth; a filter element comprising a foamed polymer material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded to or encapsulated within an inner wall of the mouth region, the foamed polymer material comprising an open cell foam having at least 50% open cell content.

2. 2. The pipette of claim 1, wherein an outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably bonded to the inner wall of the mouth region.

3. 10. The pipette of claim 1, wherein the foamed polymeric material comprises at least one of a thermoset foam material, a cross-linked foam material, and an expanded polystyrene.

4. 2. The pipette of claim 1, wherein the nominal thickness of the tubular body is in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

5. The pipette of claim 1 , wherein the tubular body comprises a biaxially oriented thermoplastic material.

6. 2. The pipette of claim 1, wherein the tubular body, the tip region, and the mouth region are unitary and have no welded seams.

7. A pipette comprising: a tubular body having a nominal thickness in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm, disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the tubular body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth; a filter element comprising a foamed polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded to or encapsulated within an inner wall of the mouth region.

8. 8. The pipette of claim 7, wherein an outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably bonded to the inner wall of the mouth region.

9. 8. The pipette of claim 7, wherein the foamed polymeric material comprises at least one of a thermoset foam material, a cross-linked foam material, and an expanded polystyrene.

10. 8. The pipette of claim 7, wherein the tubular body, the tip region, and the mouth region are unitary and have no welded seams.

11. A pipette comprising: a tubular body including a biaxially oriented thermoplastic material, the tubular body being disposed between a tip region and a mouth region, the tubular body having a longitudinal axis extending between the tip and the mouth region; a filter element comprising a foamed polymeric material within the mouth region, an outer portion of the filter element being bonded to or encapsulated within an inner wall of the mouth region.

12. 12. The pipette of claim 11, wherein the nominal thickness of the tubular body is in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm.

13. 12. The pipette of claim 11, wherein an outer portion of the filter element is interpenetrably bonded to the inner wall of the mouth region.

14. 12. The pipette of claim 11, wherein the foamed polymeric material comprises at least one of a thermoset foam material, a cross-linked foam material, and an expanded polystyrene.

15. 12. The pipette of claim 11, wherein the tubular body, the tip region, and the mouth region are unitary and have no welded seams.

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