Apparatus and method for cannulation of vascular access graft

Abstract

To provide an excellent apparatus.SOLUTION: There is provided an apparatus for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject. The guiding apparatus comprises an elongated body member comprising a base portion terminating in longitudinal edges, a distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the aces graft, and an elongated tubular sleeve defining a pocket having a longitudinal dimension and a lateral dimension configured to receive the body member. The body member is adapted to be received in the pocket of the sleeve for securing adjacent the subcutaneous access graft such that the inner surface of the base portion is aligned with a cannulation point of the graft for guiding location of a needle insertion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] [Cross reference]

[0002] This application is related to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 479,791, filed March 31, 2017, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Cannulation of Vascular Access Grafts," which names Shawn M. Gage and Jeffrey H. Lawson as inventors. The contents of this U.S. provisional patent application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and the benefit of the filing date of this U.S. provisional patent application is hereby claimed for all purposes lawfully served by such claim of benefit of the filing date.

[0003] Described are devices and methods for needle access of surgically created vascular access for use as a means to accommodate hemodialysis and other procedures requiring vascular access, and more specifically, devices and methods for vascular access of arteriovenous grafts or arteriovenous fistulas that allow for positioning of cannulation sites after implantation. [Background technology]

[0004] Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Hemodialysis is a process in which large amounts of blood are removed from the body, filtered through a machine that removes waste products, and then returned to the body.

[0005] Vascular access sites on the body from which blood will be removed and returned during dialysis are prepared prior to beginning hemodialysis. Creation of an arteriovenous fistula ("AVF") is accomplished in a surgical procedure where a vein is directly connected to an artery. The connection between the artery and vein can be made using an arteriovenous graft ("AVG") made from a synthetic material and implanted just under the skin. Placement sites for AVGs include, but are not limited to, the forearm, upper arm, neck, chest, and thigh in either a straight or loop configuration. Once surgically positioned, the AVG becomes a conduit that can be used repeatedly for blood access during hemodialysis. A needle is used to cannulate the graft through the skin and directly puncture the wall of the graft. In traditional hemodialysis, two cannulas are placed into the access graft and one needle puncture is made in the graft wall on the arterial side and another needle puncture is made on the venous side. During dialysis, blood is drawn from the arterial side of the graft, passed through a hemodialysis machine, and then returned to the patient through a second needle inserted into the venous side of the graft.

[0006] A critical step in a hemodialysis procedure is to "find" the proper location within the graft to perform the needle puncture. Furthermore, conventional dialysis protocols require patients to undergo dialysis procedures at least three times per week. As a result, the skin and underlying tissues are punctured multiple times each week to gain access into the implanted AVG. The technique of cannulating an AVF or AVG for hemodialysis requires considerable skill. The vascular access is often located several centimeters below the surface of the skin and cannot be located by visual inspection. The medical technician is required to locate the AVF or AVG by palpation, which can be extremely difficult. Puncture of the vascular access is prone to errors and complications. An incorrectly performed puncture may promote access rupture, bleeding, hematoma formation, pseudoaneurysm formation, severe pain, or the development of organized thrombus within the lumen of the graft. The formation of such clots may not only result in multiple graft thrombosis, but may ultimately lead to graft failure. Lack of complete vascular access or improper positioning of the needle within the lumen of the AVF or AVG device are two contraindications that adversely affect the time the graft remains available. Locating the cannulation area by simply using the traditional method of palpation through the skin can be unreliable. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. No. 9,585,998 [Patent Document 2] US Published Application No. 2014 / 0336682 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Pat. No. 4,268,983 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,281 [Patent Document 5] U.S. Pat. No. 4,121,003 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,058 [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Ji et al. (2007) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] For the foregoing reasons, a need exists for an apparatus and method for proper cannulation of a vascular access graft or fistula, including accurate identification of the access area of ​​the vascular access after implantation. A new apparatus should improve access to an implanted AVF or AVG device by enabling a vascular access user to facilitate accurate and reproducible entry into an implanted AVF or AVG, such as a dialysis needle and cannula introduced into the vascular access through insertion through the skin. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] An apparatus is provided for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a subject's body. The arteriovenous dialysis graft includes a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion. A cannulation chamber defines a cannulation port, and the conduit extends through the cannulation chamber to receive a needle inserted through the cannulation port. The guiding apparatus includes an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface. The body member includes a base portion terminating in longitudinal edges. A distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion is substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber. Legs extend from the longitudinal edges of the base portion, the legs terminating in the longitudinal edges. The base portion and the legs define an open longitudinal channel for receiving the cannulation chamber. The body member is adapted to be secured adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the legs operatively engage the cannulation chamber to align an inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion through the body member and into the cannulation chamber.

[0011] In one aspect, the body member has a first end and a second end, the body member adapted to extend from the first end to the second end of the cannulation chamber. The body member can have at least one passageway opening into an interior surface of the body member for passage of the needle.

[0012] In another aspect, at least a portion of the cannulation chamber and the body member comprise a substantially magnetic or paramagnetic material.

[0013] In another embodiment, an apparatus is provided for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a subject's body. The arteriovenous dialysis graft includes a flexible conduit having a first end portion defining a longitudinal flow path and configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion. A cannulation chamber is provided between the first end portion and the second end portion, forming a cannulation port. and a conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a needle inserted through the cannulation port. The introducer includes an elongated tubular sleeve having a longitudinal axis. The sleeve defines an opening having longitudinal and lateral dimensions that are adapted to be substantially equal to the longitudinal and lateral dimensions of the cannulation chamber. The sleeve is configured to receive the subject's body adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber of the access graft such that the opening surrounds the cannulation chamber to guide the location of needle insertion into the cannulation port.

[0014] In one aspect, the sleeve material is selected from a film, paper, woven fabric, or nonwoven fabric.

[0015] In yet another embodiment, a device is provided for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a subject's body. The arteriovenous dialysis graft includes a flexible conduit having a first end portion defining a longitudinal flow path and configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion. A cannulation chamber defines a cannulation port between the first end portion and the second end portion. The conduit extends through the cannulation chamber for receiving a needle inserted through the cannulation port. The guiding device includes an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface. The body member includes a base portion terminating in longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber. An elongated tubular sleeve has a longitudinal axis, the sleeve defining a pocket having longitudinal and lateral dimensions configured to receive the body member. The body member is adapted to be received in the pocket of the sleeve so as to be secured adjacent to the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the inner surface of the base portion aligns with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion through the body member and into the cannulation chamber.

[0016] A kit is also provided and includes at least one dialysis needle for accessing an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in the subject's body. The arteriovenous dialysis graft includes a flexible conduit having a first end portion defining a longitudinal flow path and configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion. A cannulation chamber defines a cannulation port, and the conduit extends through the cannulation chamber for receiving a needle inserted through the cannulation port. A dispensing container is provided for housing a plurality of elongated body members, each body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface. The body members include base portions terminating in longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portions being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber. The body members are adapted to be secured adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the legs operatively engage the cannulation chamber to align the inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion. Each body member has at least one passageway opening into the inner surface of the body member for passage of a needle therethrough, the needle passageway of one body member being in a different location than the needle passageway of any other body member. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference should now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below.

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of an applicator device for cannulation of an arteriovenous graft including a cannulation chamber. [Diagram 2] 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an applicator device as shown in FIG. 1 in position over a subcutaneous cannulation chamber. [Diagram 3] 2A-2D are top and bottom perspective views, side and end elevational views, and top and bottom plan views of the applicator device as shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4]2A-2C are top and bottom perspective views, side and end elevational views, and top and bottom plan views of a second embodiment of an applicator device for cannulation of an arteriovenous graft including a cannulation chamber as shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 5A] 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a portion of an arteriovenous graft including a cannulation chamber. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of an applicator device for cannulation of an arteriovenous graft including a cannulation chamber as shown in FIG. 5A. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plurality of applicator devices having sequentially spaced needle passageways therethrough. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a plurality of applicator devices as shown in FIG. 6 with needle passages angled obliquely through the applicator device. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dispensing cartridge for a packaged applicator device. [Figure 8B] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dispensing cartridge for a packaged applicator device. [Figure 9] 1 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a pair of adhesive applicator devices for guiding cannulation of an arteriovenous graft that includes a pair of cannulation chambers. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a pair of adhesive applicator devices as shown in FIG. 9 in position on an arm containing a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft that includes a pair of cannulated chambers. [Figure 11A] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of an applicator device and sleeve for cannulation of an arteriovenous graft. [Figure 11B] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of an applicator device and sleeve for cannulation of an arteriovenous graft. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an embodiment of an adhesive applicator device for directing cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft, each of which includes a pair of cannulation chambers (not shown) for achieving hemodialysis. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a frangible adhesive applicator device for guiding cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft including a pair of cannulation chambers each shown in phantom. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a top plan view of another embodiment of a frangible adhesive applicator device for guiding cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft including a pair of cannulation chambers each shown in phantom. [Figure 15A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flexible strap for use in cannulating a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft. [Figure 15B] 1 is an elevational view of a flexible strap for use in cannulating a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft. [Figure 16] FIG. 15C is a top plan view of a pair of straps as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B in place on an applicator device on the arm to guide cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft (not shown). [Figure 17] FIG. 15C is a top plan view of a pair of straps as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B in place on an arm to guide cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft, including each of a pair of cannulation chambers shown in phantom. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a sleeve in place on an arm for guiding cannulation of a subcutaneous arteriovenous graft, including each of a pair of cannulation chambers shown in phantom. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a close-up perspective view of a sleeve as shown in FIG. 18 showing a pocket for receiving an applicator device for guiding cannulation of the subcutaneous arteriovenous graft. [Figure 20] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a sleeve as shown in FIG. 18 including an applicator device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] As used herein, the term "vascular access" is used to mean the intended surgical connection between the arterial and venous systems through which blood flows from the artery to the vein. As mentioned above, this can be accomplished by directly connecting the vein to the artery (AVF) or by utilizing a synthetic or autograft conduit to connect the arterial and venous systems (AVG). As there are many types of AVGs and associated components known in the art and that can be utilized to practice the present invention, a more detailed description of these components is not necessary. It is understood that the present invention is not directed to any particular type of AVG. The vascular access graft devices and methods described herein are for use in medical procedures requiring vascular access. Thus, the features described herein can be used with any conventional vascular access graft of an AVG, including, but not limited to, the AVG described by U.S. Patent No. 9,585,998, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. A similar application is shown and described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014 / 0336682, the contents of which are also incorporated by reference in their entirety. Thus, a detailed description of every function of the components and uses of the graft is not considered necessary for one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present disclosure.

[0020] Certain terminology is used herein merely for convenience and should not be taken as limiting. For example, words such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "vertical", "upward", "downward", "top" and "bottom" are merely intended to describe the configurations shown in the figures. In fact, components may be oriented in any direction, and the terminology should therefore be understood to encompass such variations unless otherwise specified. The words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the core and designated portions thereof. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

[0021] Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate corresponding or similar elements throughout the several views, a vascular access graft for connecting an artery to a vein is shown in FIG. 1 and generally designated 40. The vascular access graft 40 includes a tubular portion 42 of a biocompatible material for conducting a fluid, such as blood. Conventionally, the tubular portion 42 is anastomosed at a first end to an artery and at a second end (not shown) to a vein. A pair of spaced apart cannulated chambers 44 are disposed intermediately along the length of the tubular portion in fluid communication with the arterial and venous sides of the vascular access graft 40.

[0022] An applicator device for use in identifying a needle insertion location for cannulation of an implanted vascular access graft 40 is also shown in FIG. 1 and is generally designated 50. The applicator device 50 is adaptable to the cannulation chamber 44 of the vascular access graft 40 allowing for highly localized and precise delivery of a needle into a predetermined portion of the cannulation chamber 44. As used herein, the term "adaptable" includes any corresponding securing or alignment means for positioning the application device 50 relative to the cannulation chamber 44. That is, it is understood that multiple means of adaptation are anticipated that may be used to align the applicator device to a wide range of vascular access grafts.

[0023] The applicator device may be formed of either synthetic or natural materials, including, but not limited to, thermoplastics, thermoset polymers, elastomers, rubbers, or woven or nonwoven composites. The applicator device may be in any suitable shaped form, such as, for example, polymer plastic foams (including open cell foams), woven or nonwoven composites, or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred applicator devices are therefore made of, for example, nylon, polyolefins such as polyethylene, including UHMW polyethylene, PEEK (polyetheretherketone), polysulfone, polypropylene, ethylene, etc. The applicator device may be prepared from ethylene propylene copolymers, and ethylene butadiene copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane foams, polystyrene, plasticized polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, Delrin polyacetal, and polyamides, as well as homopolymers and copolymers of the above. The applicator device may also be made of a gel-like material that provides pressure for hemostasis when compressed. The applicator may be doped with one or more drugs to aid in the process of cannulation and / or needle removal. For example, lidocaine may be added to help minimize needle puncture pain, and / or a topical hemostatic agent may be incorporated to help stop bleeding. Many combinations of drug combinations with the applicator may be envisioned. It is understood that the applicator device may take a variety of shapes as needed to accommodate and accommodate a variety of vascular access grafts and cannulation chambers. It is further understood that a needle passage may be provided where the material of the applicator device is too hard to allow penetration by the needle.

[0024] In one aspect, the applicator device 50 can be configured to be adaptable to the graft vascular access graft 40 by mounting it onto the graft graft in the manner of a puzzle piece. In this embodiment, the "mounted" applicator device 50 as shown in FIG. 3 is an elongate member having a substantially oval profile and including a substantially major base portion 52 having a longitudinal axis. The base portion 52 spans between substantially planar side walls 54 or legs, two of which depend from a longitudinal edge 53 on each side of the base portion 52. The legs 54 depend generally perpendicularly along the length of the edge 53 of the base portion 52. Each of the legs 54 terminates in a longitudinal edge 55. The base portion 52 and the legs 54 define an open longitudinal channel 56. 1 and 2, an applicator device 50 having this configuration is adaptable to an AVG 40 that includes a cannulation chamber 44 having an upper peripheral rim 46 that defines spaced apart notches 48 for receiving the legs 54 of the applicator device 50. In use, the applicator device 50 is adapted to the AVG 40 by positioning the device over the cannulation chamber 44 such that the legs 54 fit into the notches 48 with the skin captured therebetween. In this arrangement, the applicator device 50 indicates the location of the cannulation chamber 44 and the user can then select a desired location along the length of the cannulation chamber for needle insertion.

[0025] Referring to FIG. 2, in use, the vascular access graft is implanted under the patient's skin with one end 59a implanted in an artery and the other end 59b implanted in a vein, whereby fluid continuity is established from the artery through the lumen of the tubular element into the vein. In a method of performing hemodialysis on a patient using the vascular access graft 40, the lumen of the vascular access graft 40 is connected to a hemodiafiltration unit through a needle so that blood can be diverted from the lumen into the hemodiafiltration unit, filtered, and then returned into the lumen. It is understood that the vascular access graft may have applications other than dialysis. Such applications include situations in which a patient requires frequent intravenous injections or infusions of therapeutic fluids. In all cases, the use of applicator devices, stickers, straps, and sleeves typically greatly reduces the number of "missed" needle sticks and generally facilitates greater accuracy in identifying implanted devices into which needle cannulation is desirable.

[0026] The applicator device 50 is manually aligned with the cannulation chamber 44 such that the legs 54 correspond to the notches 48 in the cannulation chamber 44. The applicator device 50 is then pressed in a direction towards the cannulation chamber 44 such that the legs 54 engage at the notches 48. During the downward movement of the device 50, the legs 54 are slidably received in the longitudinal notches 48 in the peripheral rim 46 of the cannulation chamber 44. The applicator device 50 is thus aligned in a position such that the device is positioned above the cannulation chamber 44 as shown in FIG. 1. The user then inserts one or more needles into the cannulation chamber 44 to begin hemodialysis. Needle insertion is facilitated so that the user can do so as quickly and accurately as possible with minimal blood loss and maximum benefit to the user.

[0027] Another embodiment of an "attached" applicator device is shown in FIG. 4 and is generally designated 60. As in the previous embodiment, the applicator device 60 is an elongated member having a substantially oval profile and includes a substantially major base portion 62 having a longitudinal axis. In this embodiment, the base portion 62 defines spaced notches 64 formed along the longitudinal edges on each side of the base portion 62. An applicator device 60 having this configuration is adaptable to an AVG 40 including a cannulation chamber 44 having legs (not shown) projecting outwardly from the upper peripheral rim 46 to be inserted into the spaced notches 64 of the applicator device 60. In use, the applicator device 60 is adapted to the AVG 40 by positioning the device over the cannulation chamber 44 such that the legs fit within the notches 64. In this arrangement, the applicator device 60 indicates the location of the cannulation chamber 44 and the user can then select a desired location along the length of the device for insertion of a needle.

[0028] In another embodiment, the vascular access graft 40 includes one or more fixably positioned magnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic materials 70 that create one or more distinct sites on the cannulation chamber 44, as shown in FIG. 5A. In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic or paramagnetic sites are circumferentially arranged along a peripheral rim 46 on the top surface of the cannulation chamber 44. This arrangement substantially defines a port 47 in the cannulation chamber 44 that is configured to receive a needle puncture. Following implantation, the cannulation chamber 44 can be positioned within the patient's body by passing a magnet across the surface of the patient's skin near the implantation site, thereby allowing the magnet to essentially identify the optimal site for needle access or puncture of the vascular access graft during cannulation.

[0029] A locator or detector (not shown) containing one or more magnets can be used to locate the implant graft and identify the cannulation chamber 44 for needle insertion and access. A locator or "wand" is passed over the skin believed to be close to the implant graft. The wand is then used to identify and locate the cannulation chamber 44 or one or more sites in, on, or around the implant graft where cannulation should optimally occur. The "localizing" feature of the magnet-containing detector can facilitate finding the proper cannulation site while minimizing damage to the vascular access graft. The cannulation chamber 44 can be localized through the skin with a high degree of accuracy and precision by passing the wand over the surface of the skin in the area close to the implant. This allows the user to perform the needle insertion or cannulation to at least one or more selected locations in the area of ​​the port 47 as defined by the presence of one or more magnetic material sites. This can be extended to applications for detecting implanted AVGs through RFID tags, i.e., concentrations of specific materials that could be detected by near-infrared / visible light spectroscopy or other methods known in the art.

[0030] While any suitable size magnet can be used, exemplary magnets include neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) cylindrical (e.g., "button") magnets. In certain embodiments, the magnets can be coated with one or more protective layers to facilitate maximum protection and durability. Preferably, the paramagnetic materials used to form the medical devices of the present disclosure comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of iron, steel, cobalt, nickel, ceramic materials, surgical grade steel, or alloys or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the materials used to form the medical devices of the present disclosure can be, for example, superparamagnetic metal oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of superparamagnetic materials, including nanoparticles (e.g., superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [SPIO]) [see, e.g., Ji et al. (2007)].

[0031] The number of magnet sites 70 spaced around the rim 46 of the cannulation chamber 44 can be any substantial number. It is contemplated that the vascular access grafts include from 2 to about 8 or 10 magnet sites spaced equidistantly along a substantial portion of the longitudinal axis of the graft 10. Exemplary magnets for use with the access devices, grafts, and vascular access ports of the present disclosure preferably comprise, consist essentially of, or alternatively consist of ceramic, lanthanide, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, or ferromagnetic materials including, but not limited to, aluminum, boron, cobalt, copper, iron, neodymium, nickel, samarium, titanium, or combinations or alloys thereof including, but not limited to, commercially available permanent alloy magnets such as, but not limited to, NdFeB, AlNi, AlCoMax, AlNiCo, and TiConAl.

[0032] In use, a user places a detector "wand" across the skin over the implanted vascular access graft 40. A magnet on the wand detects and localizes a magnetic site on the face of the cannulation chamber 44 of the implanted vascular access graft. A needle is inserted through the skin into the port 47 of the cannulation chamber 44 as identified by the wand. Localization and identification of the vascular access graft 40 following implantation is facilitated by the presence of one or more magnetic material sites 70 contained with the cannulation chamber 44.

[0033] In an alternative arrangement, a third embodiment of an attached applicator device is shown in FIG. 5B and generally designated 80. In this embodiment, a magnet 82 is provided on the inner periphery of the applicator device 80 for alignment with the magnet 70 on the rim 46 of the cannulation chamber 44. It will be appreciated that the applicator device and the subcutaneous graft can include other means for interaction in addition to or as an alternative to the magnet. Such interaction means can include sensors on the applicator device, the AVG, or both. The sensors can interact to signal alignment, or a wand can be used as described above. The applicator device can include a light for signaling. The subcutaneous cannulation chamber can also fluoresce under certain wavelengths, such as infrared. The interaction can also be mechanical, such as an audible click when the application device and the cannulation chamber are connected.

[0034] Referring now to FIG. 6, a plurality of applicator devices 80 are shown. Each applicator device 80 has a needle passageway 84 formed at a different location through the applicator device 80. With the apparatus and method of the present invention, a user will use each applicator device 80 in sequence, one for each hemodialysis treatment. The needle passageway 84 is in various locations to ensure that the user inserts the needle at different locations around the cannulation chamber 44. As shown in FIG. 7, the needle passageway 84 can extend at an angle that is not perpendicular to the face of the applicator device 80. In this arrangement, the needle passes through the port 47 in a manner that minimizes damage to the material of the port 47. FIGS. 8A and 8B show an embodiment of a dispensing container for the applicator device. The dispensing container preferably holds the applicator devices in a sequence that provides proper spacing of the needle passageways to allow dispensing around the cannulation site, which promotes healing between needle punctures to extend the life of the graft.

[0035] In another embodiment, the applicator device includes a sheet or sticker as shown in Figures 9 and 10 and generally designated 90. Sticker 90 is a thin, generally rectangular element that includes a planar upper surface 92, a lower surface 94, and an adhesive loaded onto the lower surface of the sticker. 9. The sticker 90 can be releasably adhered to the surface of the skin 30 to indicate a location for cannulation of the vascular access graft 40. The sticker 90 defines a centrally located opening 96. The opening 96 as shown in FIG. 9 has a generally elongated oval shape. The shape of the opening 96 is not critical, but in practice the opening 96 should correspond to features of the AVG for alignment of the sticker 90 and the AVG. In the illustrated embodiment, the shape of the opening 96 in the sticker 90 corresponds to the size and shape of the cannulation chamber 44. The sticker 90 can include a soft, flexible material that allows the sticker to conform to any curvature of the surface of the skin 30 and the AVG 40 beneath the skin. Thus, the curvature of the skin and any protuberances beneath the skin may vary without affecting the use of the sticker.

[0036] The bottom surface 94 of the sticker includes a layer of adhesive for removably adhering the sticker to the skin 30 over the vascular access graft 40. Many types of adhesives are suitable for use with the sticker 90 as long as the adhesive allows for a strong bond of the sticker 90 to the skin. The adhesive should also allow for easy removal of the sticker 90 after use. The adhesive is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive applied to the bottom surface 94 of the sticker 90. A wide variety of such adhesives are commercially available. In one embodiment, a portion of the edge of the bottom surface 94 of the sticker 90 may be devoid of adhesive to prevent that portion of the sticker from adhering to the skin 30. This configuration provides a place for a user to grip the sticker 90 to remove the sticker from the skin 30. The adhesive preferably does not leave any residue on the skin 30 when removed.

[0037] The sticker 90 may be of any size sufficient to receive the cannulation chamber 44 of the vascular access graft 40, while providing a sufficiently large adhesive coverage area to provide a strong bond between the sticker 90 and the skin 30. In one embodiment, the sticker 90 may have an outer perimeter larger than the outer perimeter of the cannulation chamber 44 such that when the sticker 90 is placed over the vascular access graft 40, it completely surrounds the chamber. As an alternative, only the edge area of ​​the bottom surface 94 of the sticker 90 may be coated with adhesive.

[0038] The sticker 90 may further include a protective backing removably adhered to the bottom surface 94 of the sticker 90 above the adhesive layer. The removable protective backing prevents the sticker 90 from adhering to unwanted surfaces prior to use. Protective backings are known in the art and typically include a variety of materials such as paper treated with a release agent such as silicone or alternatively compliant materials, e.g., polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. The removable protective backing may be the same size and shape as the sticker 90, or may be larger. In the above embodiment, the sticker 90 has a portion of the edge that is free of adhesive so that a user can grasp that portion to easily remove the backing from the sticker 90.

[0039] In use, the protective backing is manually removed from the bottom surface 94 of the sticker 90 to expose the adhesive. The sticker 90 is then ready for attachment to the skin 30. The sticker 90 is positioned on the skin over the AVG 40 such that the opening 96 substantially surrounds the cannulation chamber 44. Once positioned, pressure is applied to conform the sticker 90 to the skin 30 by the adhesive. With the sticker 90 secured to the skin 30 around the cannulation chamber 44 of the vascular access graft 40, the sticker 90 will allow the user to determine a location for needle insertion. Thus, the sticker 90 provides an effective method of providing a means to indicate the cannulation location of the AVG.

[0040] In another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the sticker 90 may be adapted to break apart upon removal from the skin 30. For example, a portion of the sticker 90 may be constructed from a material having a low tear propagation resistance. In combination with a relatively strong adhesion of the adhesive on this portion of the sticker, the sticker will break apart upon removal from the surface. More specifically, upon removal of the sticker 90 from the skin 30, a portion of the material comprising the sticker 90 will remain on the skin. The portion of the sticker left on the skin is a mark such as an inspection mark 98 that is readily apparent to the human eye and indicates a point for needle insertion of the underlying AVG 40. The next sticker 90 leaves the inspection mark 98 on the skin 30 at the next site for cannulation. In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 14, the demarcation mark can remain on the skin when the sticker is removed, thereby providing an indication of the location of the cannulation chamber. A preferred sticker according to this embodiment is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,268,983, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference, which describes an adhesive label comprising a support sheet and a frangible, easily tearable film adhered to the support sheet. When a label according to the '983 patent is removed from an article to which it is attached, a portion of the frangible film comprising the label is torn away and remains adhered to the substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,281, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference, describes an adhesive label that leaves components of the label on a surface, including visible indicia, when removed. It is understood that the indicia left on the skin surface can be alphanumeric characters that spell out a word. U.S. Pat. No. 4,121,003, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference, also describes the transfer of alphanumeric characters upon removal of the label, the characters comprising a low cohesive strength material that causes the label to split within itself when the adhesive label is detached from the surface, remaining partially on the surface to which it was adhered.

[0041] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the sticker 90 is a single piece that does not include an opening. The portion of the sticker 90 that is configured to show the cannulation chamber 44 includes a section to identify a possible site for cannulation. One section 102 of the sticker 90 is removable. In use, the sticker 90 is applied to the skin 30 over the AVG 40. The section 102 of the sticker over the cannulation site is peeled off the surface of the skin 30. The exposed skin 30 is then used as a site for needle insertion. U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,058, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference, describes a transparent printed indicia weakly anchored to a stickered backing film having a full-area color layer that is well anchored to the backing film and the printed indicia. The color layer is coated with a self-adhesive composition.

[0042] An embodiment for use in combination with an applicator device for positioning the applicator device to locate the cannulation point of the implanted AVG is shown in Figures 15A and 15B and is generally designated 110. The combination includes a pair of circular flexible straps 112 for securing the applicator device 116 to a part of the user's body, which is the arm as shown in Figure 16. The applicator device 116 has grooves 114 at each end to receive the straps 112. In use, the applicator device 116 is positioned over the cannulation chamber 44 as described above. The straps 112 then secure the applicator device in place for the next cannulation. One advantage of this arrangement is that following hemodialysis and needle removal, the straps 112 press the applicator device 116 against the arm, providing pressure to help stop bleeding.

[0043] Another embodiment of an apparatus and method for guiding the cannulation of an arteriovenous graft using a strap 112 is shown in Figure 17. In this embodiment, the strap 112 provides a means for positioning the cannulation chamber 44 for subsequent cannulation. Each of the straps 112 has two circumferentially spaced notches 118 on the inner surface 112. The notches 118 are configured to receive the ends of a pair of cannulation chambers 44 when placed over the patient's AVG 40. Together, the straps 112 present the ends of the cannulation chambers 44 to the user to assist the user in identifying locations for cannulation. The straps 112 function to lock the cannulation chambers 44 to prevent any movement of the device. In this manner, the device can be secured to the cannulation chambers on either end.

[0044] 18, yet another embodiment of an applicator device for determining a location for cannulation of a vascular access graft 40 is shown and generally designated 130. In this embodiment, the applicator device 130 is a sleeve 132 for sliding over the arm. The sleeve 132 is made of a flexible elastic fabric so that the sleeve 132 stays snugly on the arm when worn. The sleeve 132 defines a pair of circumferentially spaced openings 134 having a generally elongated and oval shape. The shape of the openings 134 is not critical, but in practice the openings 134 must correspond to the shape of the AVG or features of the AVG for alignment of the openings and the AVG. In the illustrated embodiment, the shape of the openings 134 in the sleeve 132 corresponds to the size and shape of the cannulation chamber 44.

[0045] In use, the sleeve 132 is positioned on the arm with the opening over the cannulation chamber 44. The user can then cannulate the vascular access graft 40. In yet another embodiment, each of the openings 134 in the sleeve 132 forms a pocket 136 with a layer of material adjacent the skin 30 (FIG. 19). The pocket 136 is configured to receive an applicator device for use in positioning and cannulating the AVG (FIG. 20).

[0046] The devices and methods for cannulation of vascular access grafts as described herein have many advantages, including providing a reliable means to allow a user to perform hemodialysis while consistently and accurately accessing the implanted graft site. The use of an external device to identify and localize the location of the implanted device reduces inaccurate cannulation and facilitates increased patency of the vascular access graft after surgical implantation in the body. Fewer erroneous needle insertions and cannulation errors reduce the chance of damaging, destroying, or displacing the implanted graft by incorrect insertion of the cannula or improper or repeated needle puncture attempts to "hit" the proper insertion site on the subcutaneous graft. The cumulative damage caused by repeated needle punctures weakens the graft wall creating the conditions for pseudoaneurysm formation. The AVG lasts one year with nearly 300 needle punctures. The devices and methods as described herein that provide needle rotation to evenly distribute needle damage over the entire length of the graft help minimize or delay pseudoaneurysm formation.

[0047] The device of the present invention tracks the location of the cannulation site and therefore ensures that proper needle rotation occurs. A system or sequence designed to facilitate needle rotation facilitates proper needle rotation through the cannulation site area by maintaining compliance with an facilitated cannulation sequence.

[0048] The present invention also enhances the ability of a patient or medical personnel to properly and accurately identify and ensure proper placement of an implanted vascular access graft. Vascular access grafts can be visualized by conventional medical imaging means including, for example, x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and / or computed tomography (CT).

[0049] Although the present invention has been shown and described in considerable detail with respect to merely a few exemplary embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that it is not intended to limit the present invention to these embodiments, since various modifications, omissions, and additions can be made to the disclosed embodiments, particularly in light of the above teachings, without significantly departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present invention. For example, the present invention is suitable for use with several vascular access devices and applications. Accordingly, the inventor intends to sticker all such modifications, omissions, additions, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. In the claims, the means-plus-function clause intends to sticker the structures described herein as performing the recited functions and as equivalent structures as well as structural equivalents. That is, nails and screws may be equivalent structures, although they may not be structural equivalents in that nails use cylindrical surfaces to fasten wooden parts together, while screws use helical surfaces in the context of fastening wooden parts. [Explanation of symbols]

[0050] 40 Vascular Access Grafts 44 Cannulation chamber 46 perimeter rim 50 Applicator Device 54 Side walls or legs (Aspect) (Aspect 1) 1. An apparatus for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the arteriovenous dialysis graft including a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured for connection to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured for connection to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port, the conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port, an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the body member including a base portion terminating in longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; a leg extending from and terminating within the longitudinal edge of the base portion, the base portion and the leg defining an open longitudinal channel for receiving the cannulation chamber; Including, the body member is adapted to be secured adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the legs operatively engage the cannulation chamber to align the inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion through the body member and into the cannulation chamber. A device for guiding, comprising: (Aspect 2) the body member having a first end and a second end; the body member extends from the first end to the second end of the cannulation chamber. 2. The guidance device according to claim 1, (Aspect 3) 2. The introducer of claim 1, wherein the body member has at least one passageway opening into the inner surface of the body member for passing a needle therethrough. (Aspect 4) The guidance device of embodiment 1, wherein the cannulation chamber and at least a portion of the body member comprise a substantially magnetic or paramagnetic material. (Aspect 5) 1. An apparatus for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the arteriovenous dialysis graft including a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port between the first end portion and the second end portion, the conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port, an elongated tubular sleeve having a longitudinal axis, the elongated tubular sleeve defining an opening having longitudinal and lateral dimensions substantially equal to longitudinal and lateral dimensions of the cannulation chamber; Including, the sleeve is configured to receive the body of the subject adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber of the access graft such that the opening surrounds the cannulation chamber to guide the location of needle insertion into the cannulation port. A device for guiding, comprising: (Aspect 6) 6. The induction device of claim 5, wherein the material of the sleeve is selected from a film, a paper, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric. (Aspect 7) 1. An apparatus for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the arteriovenous dialysis graft including a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port between the first end portion and the second end portion, the conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port, an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the body member including a base portion terminating in longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; an elongated tubular sleeve having a longitudinal axis, the elongated tubular sleeve defining a pocket having longitudinal and lateral dimensions configured to receive the body member; Including, the body member is adapted to be received in the pocket of the sleeve so as to be secured adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the inner surface of the base portion is aligned with the cannulation port to guide a site of needle insertion. A device for guiding, comprising: (Aspect 8) A kit comprising: at least one dialysis needle for accessing an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a subject's body, the arteriovenous dialysis graft including a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port, the conduit extending through the cannulation chamber to receive the needle inserted through the cannulation port; A dispensing container; a plurality of elongated body members, each body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the body members including base portions terminating in longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portions being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; Including, the body member is adapted to be secured adjacent the subcutaneous cannulation chamber such that the legs operatively engage the cannulation chamber to align the inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion; each body member having at least one passageway opening into said inner surface of said body member for passage of a needle therethrough, said needle passageway of said body member being in a different location than the needle passageway of any other body member; A kit characterized by:

Claims

1. 1. An introducer for cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the introducer comprising: a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of a subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the flexible conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port, the flexible conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port, an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the elongated body member including a base portion having longitudinal edges extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; a leg extending from the longitudinal edge of the base portion, the base portion and the leg defining an open longitudinal channel for receiving the cannulation chamber; and Including, the elongated body member is adapted to be secured to the cannulation chamber by a fit between the legs and the cannulation chamber, or by magnetic forces between the elongated body member and the cannulation chamber, with the legs engaging the cannulation chamber to align an inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of dialysis needle insertion through the elongated body member and into the cannulation chamber, with the skin sandwiched between the elongated body member and the cannulation chamber. Guidance device.

2. The introducer of claim 1 , wherein the elongate body member extends from a first end to a second end of the cannulation chamber.

3. The introducer of claim 1 , wherein the elongate body member has at least one passageway opening into the interior surface of the elongate body member for passage of the dialysis needle therethrough.

4. The introducer of claim 1 , wherein the cannulation chamber and at least a portion of the elongate body member comprise a substantially magnetic or paramagnetic material.

5. The introducer of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface of the base portion extends between the longitudinal edges and the elongate body member has an outer surface extending between the longitudinal edges.

6. The guide device of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal edge defines an outer boundary of the guide device.

7. 2. The introducer of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the base portion is positioned such that when the introducer is engaged with the cannulation port, the inner surface of the base portion is positioned to face toward the flexible conduit.

8. The guidance device of claim 1 , wherein the legs are parallel to one another.

9. 1. An apparatus for guiding cannulation with a dialysis needle of an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the arteriovenous dialysis graft comprising: a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of a subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the flexible conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port between the first end portion and the second end portion, the flexible conduit extending through the cannulation chamber for receiving a dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port, the apparatus comprising: an elongated body member having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the elongated body member including a base portion having longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; an elongated tubular sleeve having a longitudinal axis, the elongated tubular sleeve defining a pocket having longitudinal and lateral dimensions configured to receive the elongated body member; Including, The elongated body member is adapted to be received in the pocket of the elongated tubular sleeve so as to be secured in the cannulation chamber by an engagement between legs extending from the longitudinal edges and the cannulation chamber or by magnetic forces between the elongated body member and the cannulation chamber, with the skin sandwiched between the elongated body member and the cannulation chamber, such that the inner surface of the base portion is aligned with the cannulation port to guide the location of needle insertion.

10. The introducer of claim 9 , wherein the elongated tubular sleeve material comprises a flexible elastic fiber.

11. The introducer of claim 9 , wherein the elongated tubular sleeve defines an opening having a generally elongated oval shape.

12. 12. The introducer of claim 11, wherein the opening is a first opening and the elongated tubular sleeve defines a second opening circumferentially spaced from the first opening.

13. The introducer of claim 9 , wherein the elongated tubular sleeve defines a pocket.

14. The induction device of claim 13 , wherein the pocket is defined by a layer of material configured to be placed adjacent to the subject's skin.

15. The introducer of claim 14 , further comprising an applicator device, the pocket configured to receive and hold the applicator device.

16. The introducer of claim 15 , wherein the applicator device defines a needle passageway.

17. A kit comprising: at least one dialysis needle for accessing an arteriovenous dialysis access graft subcutaneously implanted in a body of a subject, the arteriovenous dialysis access graft including a flexible conduit defining a longitudinal flow path, the flexible conduit having a first end portion configured to connect to an artery of the subject and a second end portion configured to connect to a vein of the subject, such that blood flows through the longitudinal flow path of the flexible conduit from the first end portion to the second end portion, a cannulation chamber defining a cannulation port, the flexible conduit extending through the cannulation chamber to receive the dialysis needle inserted through the cannulation port; A dispensing container; a plurality of elongated body members, each having a longitudinal axis and an inner surface, the elongated body members including a base portion having longitudinal edges, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the base portion being substantially equal to a lateral dimension of the cannulation chamber; Including, the elongated body member is adapted to be secured to the cannulation chamber by a fit between the legs extending from the longitudinal edges and the cannulation chamber, or by a magnetic force between the elongated body member and the cannulation chamber, with the skin sandwiched between the legs and the cannulation chamber, so that the legs extend from the longitudinal edges and engage the cannulation chamber to align an inner surface of the base portion with the cannulation port to guide the location of dialysis needle insertion; each elongate body member has at least one passageway opening into the inner surface of the elongate body member for passage of a needle, the passageway of the needle of one elongate body member being in a different position than the passageway of the needle of any other elongate body member.

18. 20. The kit of claim 17, further comprising an elongated tubular sleeve having a longitudinal axis, the elongated tubular sleeve defining a pocket having longitudinal and lateral dimensions configured to receive the elongated body member.

19. The kit of claim 18 , wherein the elongated tubular sleeve defines an opening having a generally elongated oval shape.

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