Fuel oil composition and method for producing the same

Abstract

To provide a fuel oil composition having excellent ignition and combustion performance as well as viscosity suitability and storage stability performance because of containing a fatty acid alkyl ester.SOLUTION: There are provided: a fuel oil composition which comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester having specific properties, a cracked residual oil fraction and an atmospheric distillation residual oil fraction at a content of 5.0 vol.% or more and 50.0 vol.% or less, 25.0 vol.% or more and 40.0 vol.% or less and 25.0 vol.% or more and less than 45.0 vol.%, respectively, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition and satisfies all of the following, (1) the sulfur content is 0.500 mass% or less, (2) the latent sediment content is 0.10 mass% or less, (3) the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000 mm2 / s or more and 180.000 mm2 / s or less, (4) the estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more, (5) CCAI is 860 or less and (6) the density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm3 or more and 0.9850 g / cm3 or less; and a method for producing the same.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition and a method for producing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Class 3 heavy oil as specified in JIS K2205:2006 (hereinafter also referred to as "Class C heavy oil") has a higher calorific value per unit volume than kerosene, light oil, and Class A heavy oil (Class 1 heavy oil as specified in JIS K2205:2006), and allows for a reduction in the amount (volume) of fuel oil used. It is also inexpensive, and therefore is widely used as fuel oil for internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines, and as fuel oil for external combustion engines such as power generation boilers. On the other hand, C heavy oil generally has a higher sulfur content and residual carbon content than kerosene, diesel, A heavy oil, etc., and is known to have a large environmental impact, to be prone to sludge generation, and to be prone to clogging of fuel oil filters due to the generation of sludge. In response to this, C heavy oil compositions have been proposed that contain desulfurized fractions such as desulfurized kerosene and light cycle oil, and undesulfurized diesel fractions, and have 15°C density, 50°C kinetic viscosity, residual carbon content, asphaltene content, sulfur content, and aromatic content within specified ranges (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Known marine fuel oils include fuel oils that satisfy ISO8217 "Petroleum products-Fuels (class F)-Specification of marine fuels". Since this marine fuel oil can cause clogging of fuel oil filters, a heavy oil composition containing a specified amount of directly desulfurized heavy oil having specified properties such as sulfur content, carbon residue content, asphaltene content, 15°C density, and total sediment by hot filtration (ISO 10307-1) has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

[0004] In addition, from the viewpoint of improving ignition and combustion performance, heavy oil compositions containing fatty acid alkyl esters as a base material for fuel oil compositions have been developed. Patent documents 3 to 5 disclose that heavy oil compositions containing 5 to 100% by volume of rapeseed oil methyl esters containing fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl myristic acid ester are used in fuel oil compositions for internal combustion engines or external combustion engines. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2013-203802 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2014-028977 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2007-231119 A [Patent Document 4] JP 2007-231120 A [Patent Document 5] JP 2007-231121 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] When a heavy oil composition is used as a fuel oil composition for internal combustion engines of ships, particularly diesel engines of ships, during normal use, the frequency of blockage of fuel oil filters is likely to increase due to the generation of sludge caused by the aggregation of asphaltene, etc. Furthermore, when the heavy oil composition is used after long-term storage in a fuel oil tank on a ship, etc., sludge is likely to be generated, and the frequency of blockage tends to increase.

[0007] The heavy oil compositions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above have improved oil passing performance with consideration given to suppression of clogging and blockage, but even when used as a fuel oil composition in large diesel engines such as diesel engines on large ships, the frequency of blockage of the fuel oil filter tends to increase during normal use. Furthermore, when used after long-term storage in a fuel oil tank on a ship, the frequency of blockage tends to increase. Thus, when using a heavy oil composition in an internal combustion engine, storage stability performance that reduces or maintains sediment even after long-term storage is required, and the required performance is becoming stricter.

[0008] The heavy oil compositions described in the above Patent Documents 3 to 5 contain fatty acid alkyl esters. As described above, fatty acid alkyl esters have high ignition and combustion performance, and are therefore one of the base oils that are being considered for use as fuel oils. In addition, when fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals and plants are used, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, which contributes to the suppression of global warming through reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and is extremely useful from the perspective of environmental protection. Therefore, by using fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as base oils, it is expected that ignition and combustion performance will be improved, and further, when fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals and plants are used, the base oil can contribute to environmental protection.

[0009] The heavy oil compositions containing fatty acid alkyl esters described in Patent Documents 3 to 5 are noted for their reduction of unburned matter (smoke) and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gas, improvement of calorific value and reduction of soot concentration in combustion exhaust gas, as well as reduction of sulfur content and improvement of sludge stability due to blending of a carbon residue imparting agent. However, there is no attention paid to improving not only ignition and combustion performance but also the storage stability, and there is room for improvement in storage stability in particular.

[0010] In addition, when the heavy oil composition is used as a fuel oil composition for an internal combustion engine, it is required to have a suitable viscosity suitability with a suitable kinetic viscosity. In this respect, fatty acid alkyl esters are known to have a property of low kinetic viscosity, and tend to lower the kinetic viscosity of the heavy oil composition. However, if the kinetic viscosity of the heavy oil composition is too low, it will not be suitable for the range of use of various devices such as pumps and flow meters for delivering the heavy oil composition to the engine, and will be one of the factors that cause deterioration of lubricity. Therefore, it is also required to have a suitable kinetic viscosity, that is, excellent viscosity suitability.

[0011] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thereby has excellent ignition and combustion performance, as well as viscosity suitability and storage stability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The present inventors have conducted intensive research in light of the above problems and have found that the problems can be solved by the following invention. That is, the present invention provides a fuel oil composition having the following composition.

[0013] [1] A fuel oil composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester, a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the fatty acid alkyl ester satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), and the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition, are from 5.0 to 50.0 vol.%, from 25.0 to 40.0 vol.%, and from 25.0 to less than 45.0 vol.%, respectively, and the fuel oil composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (6). (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (2) Latent sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less (4) The estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more. (5) CCAI is 860 or less (6) Density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 below [2] The fuel oil composition according to the above [1], wherein the cracked residual oil fraction satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b5), and the atmospheric residual oil fraction satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c5). (b1) Sulfur content is 1,200% by mass or less (b2) Potential sediment is 0.20% by mass or less (b3) The kinetic viscosity at 50°C is 20.000 mm 2 / s or more 190.000mm 2 / s or less (b4) CCAI is 950 or less (b5) The density at 15°C is 1.3000 g / cm 3 below (c1) Sulfur content is 0.600% by mass or less (c2) Potential sediment is 0.80% by mass or less (c3) The kinetic viscosity at 50°C is 50.000 mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less (c4) CCAI is 830 or less (c5) Density at 15°C is 0.9000g / cm 3 More than 0.9500g / cm 3 below [3] The fuel oil composition according to [1] or [2] above, further comprising a cracked light oil fraction. [4] The fuel oil composition according to the above [3], wherein the cracked light oil fraction satisfies all of the following (d1) to (d5). (d1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (d2) Potential sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (d3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 0.500mm 2 / s or more 10.000mm 2 / s or less (d4) CCAI is 920 or less (d5) Density at 15°C is 1.0500 g / cm 3 below [5] The fuel oil composition according to [4] or [5] above, wherein the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total volume of the fuel oil composition is more than 0.0 vol.% and not more than 30.0 vol.%. [6] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [5], wherein the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 vol. % to 50.0 vol. % based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition. [7] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [6], wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester. [8] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [7], wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds of fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. [9] The fuel oil composition according to [8] above, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils.

[10] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [9], for use in an internal combustion engine.

[11] A method for producing a fuel oil composition which satisfies all of the following (1) to (6), comprising mixing a fatty acid alkyl ester which is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and which satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction so that the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction are 5.0 vol.% or more and 50.0 vol.% or less, 25.0 vol.% or more and 40.0 vol.% or less, and 25.0 vol.% or more and 45.0 vol.% or less, respectively, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (2) Latent sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less (4) The estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more. (5) CCAI is 860 or less (6) Density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 below

[12] The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to the above

[11] , further comprising mixing a cracked light oil fraction so that the content of the fuel oil composition is more than 0.0% by volume and not more than 30.0% by volume. Effect of the Invention

[0014] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thus has excellent ignition and combustion performance, as well as suitable viscosity and storage stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, the fuel oil composition according to the embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "the present embodiment") will be specifically described. In this specification, the numerical values ​​of "less than", "more than", and "to" in the description of a numerical range are numerical values ​​that can be arbitrarily combined. For example, when a certain numerical range is described as "A to B" and "C to D", the numerical ranges "A to D" and "C to B" are also included. Furthermore, the numerical values ​​in the examples are numerical values ​​that can be used as upper or lower limits.

[0016] [Fuel oil composition] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the fatty acid alkyl ester satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), and the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition are 5.0 vol.% or more and 50.0 vol.% or less, 25.0 vol.% or more and 40.0 vol.% or less, and 25.0 vol.% or more and less than 45.0 vol.%, respectively, and the fuel oil composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (6). (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (2) Latent sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less (4) The estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more. (5) CCAI is 860 or less (6) Density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 below

[0017] [Composition and properties of fuel oil composition] First, the composition and properties of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment will be described. The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies the composition and properties specified in the following (1) to (6).

[0018] (1) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.500% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is not within the above range, corrosion may occur due to an increase in sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas, and the environmental load may increase, resulting in a decrease in environmental performance. In consideration of the inhibition of corrosion and the improvement of environmental performance, the sulfur content is preferably 0.450% by mass or less, more preferably 0.400% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.360% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.300% by mass or less. In addition, the lower the sulfur content, the more preferable it is, and there is no particular limit as to the lower limit, but from the viewpoint of viscosity suitability and storage stability performance, it is usually 0.15% by mass or more. In this specification, the content of sulfur other than fatty acid alkyl esters is measured by selecting a measurement method depending on the content, and when the content is 0.01 to 5 mass%, it is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude oil and petroleum products-Determination of sulfur content-Part 4: Radioactive excitation method).

[0019] (2) Potential sediment The latent sediment of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.10% by mass or less. If the latent sediment is greater than 0.10% by mass, the permeability of the fuel oil filter after storage of the fuel oil is not ensured, and the storage stability performance is reduced. From the viewpoint of ensuring the permeability of the fuel oil filter after storage and improving the storage stability performance, the latent sediment is preferably 0.05% by mass or less, more preferably 0.03% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.02% by mass or less, and even more preferably less than 0.01% by mass. In this specification, the total sediment potential is defined as the amount of sludge remaining on a filter paper obtained by leaving a sample (the fuel oil composition for internal combustion engines of the present embodiment) at 100°C for 24 hours and passing it through the filter paper, in accordance with ISO10307-2A (Thermal Aging).

[0020] (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The fuel oil composition of this embodiment has a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. of 10,000 mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2If the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is not within the above range, it will be difficult to meet the range of use of various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and lubricity may not be ensured, making it impossible to use as a fuel oil composition, and viscosity suitability may decrease. In addition, ignition and combustion performance may decrease.

[0021] From the viewpoint of improving viscosity suitability and improving ignition and combustion performance, the kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment at 50° C. is preferably 11,000 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 12,000 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 13,000 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 150,000 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 125,000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 100,000 mm 2 / s or less, and even more preferably 50,000 mm 2 / s or less, particularly preferably 25,000 mm 2 / s or less. In this specification, the kinematic viscosity at 50° C. is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0022] (4) Estimated cetane number The estimated cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 25.0 or more. If the estimated cetane number is not 25.0 or more, it is difficult to ensure ignition and combustion performance. From the viewpoint of improving ignition and combustion performance, the estimated cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 25.5 or more, more preferably 26.0 or more, and even more preferably 30.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, and it is usually 45.0 or less. In this specification, the estimated cetane number is a value estimated according to a test based on "Determination of ignition and combustion characteristics of residual fuel (constant volume combustion chamber method)" using a combustion test device that complies with IP541 / 06.

[0023] (5)CCAI: Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index The CCAI of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 860 or less. If the CCAI is greater than 860, the combustion performance is reduced. From the viewpoint of improving ignition and combustion performance, the CCAI is preferably 858 or less, more preferably 856 or less, and even more preferably 853 or less. In addition, the lower limit is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of ignition and combustion performance, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 750 or more, preferably 800 or more. In this specification, CCAI is a value calculated by the calculation formula described in Annex F of ISO 8217-2012.

[0024] (6) Density at 15°C The density of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 15 ° C. is 0.8800 g / cm 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 If the density at 15°C is not within the above range, there may be cases where the ignition and combustion performance is reduced and the total calorific value is reduced. In addition, marine diesel engines for large ships and the like may be equipped with a centrifugal separator as a pretreatment device for the fuel oil composition, but the storage stability may be reduced due to a reduction in the sludge separation performance in the centrifugal separator.

[0025] From the viewpoint of improving ignition and combustion performance and storage stability, and further improving the total calorific value, the density of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment at 15° C. is preferably 0.8850 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8900 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9000 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9300 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9750 g / cm 3 Less than or equal to 0.9600 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9500 g / cm 3 The following is the result. In this specification, the density at 15° C. is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products-Determination of density-Part 1: Vibration method).

[0026] [Fatty acid alkyl ester] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3) ​​and contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, which is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in an amount of from .0 vol. % to 50.0 vol. % based on the total amount of the composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less

[0027] (a1) Cetane number The cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 49.0 or more. The fatty acid alkyl ester is known as an oil type with a high cetane number, and by using the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment can be improved, and the ignition and combustion performance can be improved. Therefore, if the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 49.0, the effect of improving the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the ignition and combustion performance may be reduced.

[0028] From the viewpoint of improving ignition and combustion performance, the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50.0 or more, more preferably 51.0 or more. There is no particular upper limit, and it is usually 70.0 or less. In this specification, the cetane number is a value determined in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products-Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index-Part 4: Cetane number).

[0029] (a2) Acid value The acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.50 mgKOH / g or less. If the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, the suppression of sludge generation will lead to a high frequency of clogging in the fuel oil filter, which will reduce storage stability, and corrosion of components such as storage tanks and piping may occur during storage at room temperature. From the viewpoint of improving storage stability and suppressing corrosion of components, the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.48 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.47 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 0.46 mgKOH / g or less, with no particular lower limit and usually 0.05 mgKOH / g or more. In this specification, the acid value is a value measured in accordance with the potentiometric titration method (acid value) of JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricants -- Determination method for neutralization number).

[0030] (a3) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less. If the carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, it becomes difficult to reduce the frequency of clogging in the fuel oil filter, and storage stability may decrease.

[0031] From the viewpoint of improving storage stability, the residual carbon content of 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.85 mass% or more, more preferably 0.90 mass% or more, even more preferably 1.00 mass% or more, still more preferably 1.05 mass% or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1.40 mass% or less, more preferably 1.30 mass% or less, even more preferably 1.20 mass% or less, and still more preferably 1.10 mass% or less. In this specification, the carbon residue of 10% residual oil is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of carbon residue-Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A.

[0032] (Fatty acids and alkyl alcohols) A fatty acid alkyl ester is, in a broad sense, an ester of a fatty acid and an alkyl alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl ester used in the present embodiment is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and satisfies all of the above (a1) to (a3).

[0033] As the fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated fatty acid can be used. Among fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, representative and preferred examples of saturated fatty acids include caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, and behenic acid.

[0034] Representative preferred examples of unsaturated fatty acids include monounsaturated fatty acids such as myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and erucic acid; and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosadienoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0035] The fatty acid may be one kind or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds. The fatty acid alkyl ester may be any of the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a5). 11 In order to easily satisfy all of the above requirements and to improve ignition and combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferable to use a mixed fatty acid containing two or more types of fatty acids. That is, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters using a mixed fatty acid containing two or more types of fatty acids as described below. Although the above fatty acids are representative examples of straight-chain fatty acids, the fatty acids may be either straight-chain or branched-chain fatty acids as long as they have 8 or more and 22 or less carbon atoms.

[0036] Examples of the alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Propanol and butanol may have a straight chain or a branched chain. The fatty acid alkyl esters are the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) to improve ignition and combustion performance and storage stability, and to facilitate production of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, that is, more preferably methanol or ethanol, and particularly preferably methanol. Therefore, the fatty acid alkyl ester used in this embodiment is particularly preferably a fatty acid methyl ester.

[0037] In the present embodiment, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more. 11 ) and thereby improve ignition and combustion performance as well as storage stability, it is preferable to use two or more of them in combination. Examples of combinations of two or more types include two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and one type of alkyl alcohol, two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from one type of fatty acid and two or more alkyl alcohol, and two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and two or more alkyl alcohols, and any of these may be used in this embodiment.

[0038] The fatty acid alkyl esters are the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and the following (a4) to (a 11) and improve ignition and combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters composed of two or more fatty acids and one alkyl alcohol. When using two or more fatty acids, for example, the fatty acids exemplified above may be mixed and used, or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids may be used. Preferred examples of mixed fatty acids include fatty acids obtained from raw materials such as animal oils, vegetable oils, etc. By using fatty acids derived from animals and plants obtained from these raw materials, it is possible to contribute to the suppression of global warming by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and is extremely useful from the viewpoint of environmental protection.

[0039] Representative and preferred examples of animal oils that can be used as raw materials for mixed fatty acids include beef tallow, lard, mutton tallow, whale oil, fish oil, liver oil, etc. Representative and preferred examples of vegetable oils include linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, etc. When using a naturally derived raw material such as an animal oil or a vegetable oil, a pretreatment may be carried out as necessary before preparing a fatty acid alkyl ester by an esterification reaction with an alkyl alcohol. For example, a pretreatment may be carried out by purification such as distillation or clay treatment.

[0040] When two or more fatty acids are used, the two or more fatty acid alkyl esters preferably include fatty acid alkyl esters of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol, and among the unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms, it is more preferable to include fatty acid alkyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, i.e., oleic acid alkyl esters, linoleic acid alkyl esters, and linolenic acid alkyl esters. In this case, the total content of the fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol contained in the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 75% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is preferable to set it to 95% by mass or less. When the total content of the fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms is within the above range, the fatty acid alkyl ester can be prepared according to the above (a1) to (a3) ​​and further the following (a4) to (a5). 11 ) can be easily satisfied, thereby improving ignition and combustion performance and storage stability.

[0041] The raw material of the mixed fatty acid is preferably vegetable oil, and more preferably rapeseed oil.The raw material of the mixed fatty acid is preferably waste edible oil, more preferably waste edible oil containing vegetable oil, and more preferably waste edible oil containing rapeseed oil, that is, vegetable oil containing rapeseed oil.By adopting waste edible oil for animal and vegetable oil, it is possible to avoid competition with food and to protect the environment by reusing waste. Like the above-mentioned naturally derived raw materials such as animal oils and vegetable oils, waste edible oils may be pretreated as necessary before being esterified with alkyl alcohol to prepare fatty acid alkyl esters. For example, pretreatment by purification such as distillation or clay treatment may be performed.

[0042] In the present embodiment, when fatty acids derived from animals and plants are used as the mixed fatty acids, they may contain fatty acids other than fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, i.e., fatty acids having 7 or less and 23 or more carbon atoms. In this case, the content of fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms contained in the mixed fatty acids is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 92% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more. That is, the content of fatty acids other than fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5% by mass or more.

[0043] The fatty acid alkyl ester further has the following properties and compositions (a4) to (a5) in addition to the properties and compositions (a1) to (a3) ​​described above. 11 It is preferable that at least one of the following (a4) to (a 11 ) is preferably satisfied.

[0044] (a4) Density at 15°C The density of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 15° C. is preferably 0.8700 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8800 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 Less than or equal to 0.8900 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8890 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.8800 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 Since it is easy to achieve the above, the ignition and combustion performance and storage stability are improved, and the total calorific value is also improved.

[0045] (a5) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 50°C is preferably 3.000 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 3.200 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 3.500 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4.500 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4.200 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 4.000 mm 2 / s or less, and even more preferably 3.800 mm 2 When the kinetic viscosity at 50°C is within the above range, the kinetic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 10,000mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less, it becomes easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and viscosity suitability as well as ignition and combustion performance are improved.

[0046] (a6) Sulfur content Considering the manufacturing process, the sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is usually 3 ppm by mass or less, 2.5 ppm by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as small as possible, and is usually 0.0% by mass or more. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment can be easily set to 0.500% by mass or less, so that the occurrence of corrosion can be further suppressed and environmental performance can be improved. In addition, viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are also improved. In this specification, the sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude oil and petroleum products-Determination of sulfur content-Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method).

[0047] (a7) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 100.0° C. or higher, more preferably 130.0° C. or higher, and even more preferably 150.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 200.0° C. or lower. In this specification, the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Flash point test method-Part 2: Rapid equilibrium closed cell method).

[0048] (a8) Moisture content The water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 500 mg / kg or less, and even more preferably 250 mg / kg or less, and although there is no particular limit to the lower limit, it is usually 100 mg / kg or more. If the water content is within the above range, the generation of sludge and the occurrence of freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of clogging can be reduced, thereby improving storage stability. In this specification, the water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-2:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products-Determination of water content-Part 2: Karl Fischer volumetric titration method).

[0049] (a9) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the classification of copper plate in the evaluation of copper plate, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machines can be prevented, and more stable operation of various devices such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines can be achieved. In this specification, copper plate corrosion is measured in accordance with JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method) at a test temperature of 50°C and for a test time of 3 hours.

[0050] (a 10 ) Pour point The pour point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −20.0° C. or higher. When the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in a storage tank or in a pipe at low temperatures is improved, and the handleability is also improved. In this specification, the pour point is a value measured in accordance with JIS K2269:1987 (Testing method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0051] (a 11 ) Compositional analysis The composition of fatty acid alkyl esters can be analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" in the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993). As the fatty acid alkyl ester, as described above, it is preferable to include a fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol and a mixed fatty acid containing at least oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, as well as an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms. The total content of the fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol and a mixed fatty acid containing at least oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid based on the total amount of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 75% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is preferable to set it to 95% by mass or less. When the total content is within the above range, the properties of the fatty acid alkyl ester are stable, and therefore ignition and combustion performance are particularly improved.

[0052] When the fatty acid alkyl ester contains two or more kinds of fatty acid alkyl esters, it is preferable that they contain at least an oleic acid alkyl ester, a linoleic acid alkyl ester, and a linolenic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol) as described above. It is more preferable that the composition further contains a stearic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of a saturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), and even more preferable that the composition further contains a palmitic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of a saturated fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), and even more preferable that the composition further contains an arachidic acid alkyl ester and an erucic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of a saturated fatty acid having 20 or 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), as well as an eicosenoic acid alkyl ester and a behenic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 20 or 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), and even more preferable that the composition further contains at least one selected from a caprylic acid alkyl ester, a capric acid alkyl ester, a lauric acid alkyl ester, and a myristic acid alkyl ester.

[0053] (Fatty acid alkyl ester content) The content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is 5.0% by volume or more and 50.0% by volume or less. If the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 5.0% by volume, the ignition and combustion performance is reduced. If the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is more than 50.0% by volume, the viscosity suitability and storage stability are reduced. From the viewpoint of improving the ignition and combustion performance, the viscosity suitability and storage stability, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 10.0% by volume or more, more preferably 15.0% by volume or more, even more preferably 25.0% by volume or more, and even more preferably 35.0% by volume or more.

[0054] [Cracked Residual Oil Fraction] The fuel oil composition of the present embodiment contains a cracked residual oil fraction in an amount of 25.0% by volume or more and 40.0% by volume or less based on the total amount of the composition. The cracked residual oil fraction is a catalytically cracked residual oil fraction (also generally referred to as "CLO" (Clarified Oil)) obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residual oil and / or vacuum distillation residual oil. The cracked residual oil fraction used in this embodiment is preferably one that satisfies the following properties and composition (b1) to (b5) among the above fractions. (b1) Sulfur content is 1,200% by mass or less (b2) Potential sediment is 0.20% by mass or less (b3) The kinetic viscosity at 50°C is 20.000 mm 2 / s or more 190.000mm 2 / s or less (b4) CCAI is 950 or less (b5) The density at 15°C is 1.3000 g / cm 3 below

[0055] (b1) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the cracked residual oil fraction is preferably 1.200% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 0.500% by mass or less, so that the occurrence of corrosion can be further suppressed and environmental performance is improved. In addition, the viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are also improved. From the same viewpoint, the sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is more preferably 1.000% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.800% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.700% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.300% by mass or more.

[0056] (b2) Potential sediment The latent sediment of the cracked residual oil fraction is preferably 0.20% by mass or less. When the latent sediment is within the above range, the latent sediment of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily reduced to 0.10% by mass or less, so that the permeability of the fuel oil filter after storage is ensured and the storage stability performance is easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the latent sediment of the cracked residual oil fraction is more preferably 0.10% by mass or less, even more preferably less than 0.10% by mass, and even more preferably 0.05% by mass or less.

[0057] (b3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the cracked residual oil fraction at 50°C is preferably 20,000 mm 2 / s or more 190.000mm 2 When the 50°C kinematic viscosity is within the above range, the 50°C kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 10,000mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less, it becomes easier to adapt to the range of use of various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and viscosity suitability, ignition and combustion performance are improved. From the same viewpoint, the kinematic viscosity of the cracked residual oil fraction at 50°C is more preferably 30,000 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 50,000 mm 2 / s or more, and even more preferably 75,000 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 170,000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 135,000 mm 2 / s or less, and even more preferably 100,000 mm 2 / s or less.

[0058] (b4) CCAI The CCAI of the cracked residual oil fraction is preferably 950 or less. When the CCAI is within the above range, the CCAI of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 860 or less, and therefore ignition and combustion performance are easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the CCAI of the cracked residual oil fraction is more preferably 945 or less, even more preferably 940 or less, and even more preferably 930 or less. In addition, the lower limit is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of ignition and combustion performance, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 890 or more.

[0059] (b5) Density at 15°C The density of the cracked residual oil fraction at 15° C. is preferably 1.3000 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.8800 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 Therefore, the ignition and combustion performance and storage stability are likely to be improved, and the total calorific value is likely to be improved. From the same viewpoint, the density of the cracked residual oil fraction at 15°C is more preferably 1.2500 g / cm 3 More preferably, 1.2000 g / cm 3 or less, and even more preferably 1.1000 g / cm 3 More preferably, the lower limit is 0.9000 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9500 g / cm 3 That's all.

[0060] (Content of cracked residual oil fraction) The content of the cracked residual oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is 25.0% by volume or more and 40.0% by volume or less. If the content of the cracked residual oil fraction is less than 25.0% by volume, the viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are reduced. Furthermore, if the content of the cracked residual oil fraction exceeds 40.0% by volume, the ignition and combustion performance is reduced. From the viewpoint of improving the ignition and combustion performance, storage stability performance, and viscosity suitability, the content of the cracked residual oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition may be 25.0% by volume or more, and the upper limit is preferably 38.0% by volume or less, more preferably 35.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 32.0% by volume or less.

[0061] [Atmospheric Residual Fraction] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains atmospheric residual oil fraction in a content of 25.0% by volume or more and less than 45.0% by volume based on the total amount of the composition. The atmospheric residual oil fraction is a heavy oil fraction (generally also called "DSRC" (desulfurized heavy oil fraction)) obtained by directly desulfurizing residual oil fractions such as atmospheric distillation residual oil fractions (residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) and vacuum distillation residual oil fractions (residual oil obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric distillation residual oil in a vacuum distillation unit) in a desulfurization unit. Of the above-mentioned fractions, the atmospheric residue fraction used in this embodiment preferably satisfies the following properties and composition (c1) to (c5). (c1) Sulfur content is 0.600% by mass or less (c2) Potential sediment is 0.80% by mass or less (c3) The kinetic viscosity at 50°C is 50.000 mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less (c4) CCAI is 830 or less (c5) Density at 15°C is 0.9000g / cm 3 More than 0.9500g / cm 3 below

[0062] (c1) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the atmospheric residual oil fraction is preferably 0.600% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 0.500% by mass or less, so that the occurrence of corrosion can be further suppressed and environmental performance is improved. In addition, viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are also improved. From the same viewpoint, the sulfur content of the atmospheric residual oil fraction is more preferably 0.500% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.450% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.300% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.200% by mass or more.

[0063] (c2) Potential sediment The latent sediment of the atmospheric residual oil fraction is preferably 0.80% by mass or less. When the latent sediment is within the above range, the latent sediment of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily reduced to 0.10% by mass or less, so that the permeability of the fuel oil filter after storage is ensured and the storage stability performance is easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the latent sediment of the atmospheric residual oil fraction is more preferably 0.60% by mass or less, even more preferably less than 0.40% by mass, and even more preferably 0.20% by mass or less.

[0064] (c3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The atmospheric residual oil fraction preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 50°C of 50.000 mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 When the 50°C kinematic viscosity is within the above range, the 50°C kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 10,000mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less, it becomes easier to adapt to the range of use of various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and viscosity suitability, ignition and combustion performance are improved. From the same viewpoint, the kinematic viscosity of the atmospheric residual oil fraction at 50°C is more preferably 60,000 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 70,000 mm 2 / s or more, and even more preferably 75,000 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 170,000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 135,000 mm 2 / s or less, and even more preferably 100,000 mm 2 / s or less.

[0065] (c4) CCAI The CCAI of the atmospheric residue fraction is preferably 830 or less. When the CCAI is within the above range, the CCAI of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 860 or less, and therefore ignition and combustion performance are easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the CCAI of the atmospheric residue fraction is more preferably 820 or less, even more preferably 810 or less, and even more preferably 805 or less. The lower limit is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of ignition and combustion performance, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 750 or more.

[0066] (c5) Density at 15°C The density of the atmospheric residue at 15° C. is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 More than 0.9500g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.8800 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 Therefore, the ignition and combustion performance and storage stability are likely to be improved, and the total calorific value is likely to be improved. From the same viewpoint, the density of the atmospheric residual oil fraction at 15°C is more preferably 0.9100 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9150 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9200 g / cm 3 More preferably, the upper limit is 0.9400 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9300 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9250 g / cm 3 The following is the result.

[0067] (Atmospheric Residual Fraction Content) The content of the atmospheric residual oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is 25.0% by volume or more and less than 45.0% by volume. If the content of the atmospheric residual oil fraction is less than 25.0% by volume, the viscosity suitability and ignition and combustion performance are reduced. If the content is 45.0% by volume or more, the ignition and combustion performance is reduced. From the viewpoint of improving the ignition and combustion performance, storage stability performance, and viscosity suitability, the content of the atmospheric residual oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition may be 25.0% by volume or more, and the upper limit is preferably 38.0% by volume or less, more preferably 35.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 32.0% by volume or less.

[0068] [Light cracked oil fraction] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment may further contain a cracked light oil fraction. A fuel oil composition containing a cracked light oil fraction has excellent ignition and combustion properties, as well as viscosity suitability and storage stability, similar to a fuel oil composition not containing a cracked light oil fraction. The cracked light oil fraction is a light oil fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue (also generally referred to as "LCO" (Light Cycle Oil) (catalytic cracked light oil fraction)). Of the above fractions, the cracked light oil fraction used in this embodiment preferably satisfies the following properties and composition (d1) to (d5). (d1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (d2) Potential sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (d3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 0.500mm 2 / s or more 10.000mm 2 / s or less (d4) CCAI is 920 or less (d5) Density at 15°C is 1.0500 g / cm 3 below

[0069] (d1) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.500% by mass or less. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 0.500% by mass or less, so that the occurrence of corrosion can be further suppressed and environmental performance is improved. In addition, the viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are also improved. From the same viewpoint, the sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is more preferably 0.400% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.300% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.200% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.050% by mass or more.

[0070] (d2) Potential sediment The latent sediment of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.10% by mass or less. When the latent sediment is within the above range, the latent sediment of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily reduced to 0.10% by mass or less, so that the permeability of the fuel oil filter after storage is ensured and the storage stability performance is easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the latent sediment of the cracked light oil fraction is more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.01% by mass or less, and even more preferably less than 0.01% by mass.

[0071] (d3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the cracked light oil fraction at 50°C is preferably 0.500 mm 2 / s or more 10.000mm 2 When the 50°C kinematic viscosity is within the above range, the 50°C kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 10,000mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less, it is easier to meet the range of use of various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and viscosity suitability, ignition and combustion performance are improved. From the same viewpoint, the kinematic viscosity of the cracked light oil fraction at 50°C is more preferably 0.750 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 1.000 mm 2 / s or more, and even more preferably 1.500 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 5,000 mm2 / s or less, more preferably 3.000 mm 2 / s or less, and even more preferably 2.000 mm 2 / s or less.

[0072] (d4) CCAI The CCAI of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 920 or less. If the CCAI is within the above range, the CCAI of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment is easily set to 860 or less, and therefore ignition and combustion performance are easily improved. From the same viewpoint, the CCAI of the cracked light oil fraction is more preferably 915 or less, even more preferably 910 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less. In addition, the lower limit is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of ignition and combustion performance, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 750 or more.

[0073] (d5) Density at 15°C The density of the cracked light oil fraction at 15°C is preferably 1.0500 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.8800 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.9850g / cm 3 Therefore, the ignition and combustion performance and storage stability are likely to be improved, and the total calorific value is likely to be improved. From the same viewpoint, the density of the cracked light oil fraction at 15°C is more preferably 1.0000 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9500 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.93000 g / cm 3 More preferably, the lower limit is 0.8400 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8500 g / cm 3 That's all.

[0074] (Content of light cracked oil fraction) The content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is preferably more than 0.0% by volume and not more than 30.0% by volume. When the content of the cracked light oil fraction is within the above range, excellent ignition and combustion performance, viscosity suitability and storage stability performance are easily obtained. From the same viewpoint, the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is more preferably 1.0% by volume or more, even more preferably 3.0% by volume or more, and the upper limit is more preferably 25.0% by volume or less, even more preferably 15.0% by volume or less, even more preferably 12.5% ​​by volume or less, and particularly preferably 10.0% by volume or less.

[0075] (Other diesel and kerosene fractions) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can contain, in addition to the above-mentioned cracked light oil fraction, light oil fractions such as straight-run light oil fraction, straight-run light oil fraction, vacuum light oil fraction, desulfurized light oil fraction, and kerosene fractions such as straight-run kerosene fraction, desulfurized kerosene fraction, etc. By using these light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, it may be easier to adjust the properties of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment. Directly desulfurized diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by directly desulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue in a desulfurization unit) · Straight-run diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at atmospheric pressure using an atmospheric distillation unit) · Vacuum diesel fraction (diesel fraction distilled from a vacuum distillation unit) Desulfurized fraction (light oil fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run light oil fraction) Straight-run kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at atmospheric pressure using an atmospheric distillation unit) Desulfurized kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run kerosene fraction)

[0076] (Properties of other diesel fractions) The other diesel fractions that can be used in this embodiment preferably have the following properties. When the other diesel fractions have the following properties, it becomes easier to adjust the properties of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment. The kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 2.900 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4.400 mm 2 / s or less. The sulfur content is preferably 0.10% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is usually 0.01% by mass.

[0077] When the above-mentioned other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions are contained, the content of these fractions based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition is not particularly limited, so long as it does not deteriorate the excellent ignition and combustion performance possessed by the fuel oil composition of this embodiment as well as the viscosity suitability and storage stability, and is preferably 20.0 vol. % or less, more preferably 15.0 vol. % or less, with the lower limit being more than 0.0 vol. %.

[0078] (Various additives) In the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, various additives such as antioxidants, low-temperature fluidity improvers, lubricity improvers, cetane number improvers, combustion promoters, detergents, sludge dispersants, fungicides, and coumarins can be appropriately selected and blended as necessary within the range in which the above-mentioned various properties can be maintained.

[0079] (Application) The fuel oil composition of the present embodiment can be used in both internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, but considering the characteristics of excellent ignition and combustion performance, viscosity suitability, and storage stability, it is preferable to use it in an internal combustion engine. In addition, considering the above characteristics of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment, it is particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

[0080] [Method of producing fuel oil composition] The method for producing a fuel oil composition of this embodiment is a method for producing a fuel oil composition that satisfies all of the following (1) to (6), comprising mixing a fatty acid alkyl ester, which is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and which satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction so that the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction are, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition, from 5.0 vol.% to 50.0 vol.%, from 25.0 vol.% to 40.0 vol.%, and from 25.0 vol.% to less than 45.0 vol.%, respectively. The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the fuel oil composition of this embodiment.

[0081] The fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked residual oil fraction, atmospheric residual oil fraction, and their contents are the same as those explained above for the fuel oil composition of this embodiment.

[0082] The production method of this embodiment further comprises mixing a cracked light oil fraction such that the content of the cracked light oil fraction in the fuel oil composition is more than 0.0% by volume and not more than 30.0% by volume based on the total volume of the fuel oil composition. The cracked light oil fraction and its content are also the same as those explained for the fuel oil composition of this embodiment above.

[0083] The order of mixing the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked residual oil fraction, atmospheric residual oil fraction, and optionally used cracked light oil fraction, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives is not particularly limited. For example, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be mixed by sequentially adding the cracked residual oil fraction, atmospheric residual oil fraction, and optionally used cracked light oil fraction, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives, or the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked residual oil fraction, atmospheric residual oil fraction, and optionally used cracked light oil fraction, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives may be mixed simultaneously (lump-mixing), or the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked residual oil fraction, and atmospheric residual oil fraction may be mixed in advance, and then the cracked light oil fraction, other light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, and various additives may be mixed as necessary. EXAMPLES

[0084] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The properties of each substrate were determined according to the following methods, as described above.

[0085] [Measurement of properties and composition] The properties and compositions of the fatty acid alkyl esters, cracked residual oil fraction, atmospheric residual oil fraction and cracked light oil fraction used in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and the properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions in the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by the following methods. The properties and compositions of the fatty acid alkyl esters are shown in Table 1, and the properties and compositions of the other various base materials are shown in Table 2. The properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions are shown in Table 3. (1)(a6)(b1)(c1)(d1) Sulfur content: The sulfur contents of the fuel oil composition, the cracked residual oil fraction, the atmospheric residual oil fraction and the cracked light oil fraction were determined in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of sulfur content-Part 4: Radioactive excitation method), and the sulfur content of fatty acid alkyl esters was determined in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of sulfur content-Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method). (2) (b2) (c2) (d2) Latent sediment: The latent sediment of the fuel oil composition, the cracked residual oil fraction, the atmospheric residual oil fraction and the cracked light oil fraction was determined in accordance with ISO 10307-2A (Thermal Aging) by leaving a sample (the fuel oil composition for internal combustion engines of this embodiment) at 100°C for 24 hours and passing it through a filter paper, and the amount of sludge remaining on the filter paper was determined. (3)(a5)(b3)(c3)(d3) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products). (4) Estimated cetane number: The estimated cetane number of the fuel oil composition was estimated according to the test based on “Determination of ignition and combustion characteristics of residual fuel (constant volume combustion chamber method)” using a combustion test apparatus complying with IP541 / 06. (5)(b4)(c4)(d4) CCAI: The CCAI of the fuel oil composition, the cracked residual oil fraction, the atmospheric residual oil fraction and the cracked light oil fraction was calculated according to the formula described in Annex F of ISO 8217-2012. (6)(a4)(b5)(c5)(d5)Density at 15℃: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products-Determination of density-Part 1: Vibration method). (a1) Cetane number: The cetane number of fatty acid alkyl esters was determined in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products-Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index-Part 4: Cetane number). (a2) Acid value: The acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester was measured in accordance with the potentiometric titration method (acid value) of JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricants -- Determination of neutralization number). (a3) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil: The carbon residue of 10% residual oil of fatty acid alkyl esters was measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A. (a7) Flash point: The flash point of fatty acid alkyl ester was measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Flash point test method-Part 2: Rapid equilibrium closed-cell method). (a8) Moisture content: The moisture content of fatty acid alkyl esters was measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-2:2015 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of moisture-Part 2: Karl Fischer coulometric titration method). (a9) Copper plate corrosion: The copper plate corrosion of fatty acid alkyl esters was measured according to JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method). The test temperature was 50°C and the test time was 3 hours. (a 10 ) Pour point: The pour point of the fatty acid alkyl ester was measured in accordance with JIS K2269:1987 (Test method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products). (a 11) Composition analysis: Composition analysis of fatty acid alkyl esters: Measured by gas chromatography analysis using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" in the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993).

[0086] [Performance evaluation criteria] The following performances 1 to 4 were evaluated, and the worst evaluation was used as the overall evaluation. Evaluation of each performance is shown in Tables 3 to 5.

[0087] 1. Viscosity suitability The viscosity suitability of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000mm 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less. C: Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 10.000mm 2 / s or less than 180.000mm 2 / s.

[0088] 2.Storage stability The storage stability of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The latent sediment was the same as or decreased from that in Comparative Example 1. C: Latent sediment was increased relative to the latent sediment in Comparative Example 1.

[0089] 3. Ignition and combustion performance The ignition and combustion performance of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The estimated cetane number was increased by 5.0 or more compared to the estimated cetane number of Comparative Example 1. B: The estimated cetane number was the same as or increased by 0.1 to 4.9 compared to the estimated cetane number of Comparative Example 1. C: The estimated cetane number was decreased relative to the estimated cetane number of Comparative Example 1.

[0090] 4. Overall evaluation The worst rating among the above performance ratings 1 to 3 is regarded as the overall rating. A fuel oil composition that receives an overall rating of C is unsatisfactory.

[0091] [Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 14] Various base materials having the properties and compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were mixed in the ratios shown in Tables 3 to 5 to prepare the fuel oil compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14. The resulting fuel oil compositions were evaluated for viscosity suitability, storage stability, and ignition and combustion performance according to the methods described above. The results are shown in Tables 3 to 5.

[0092] [Table 1] *1. Base material 1 (fatty acid alkyl ester 1) and base material 2 (fatty acid alkyl ester 2) are both fatty acid methyl esters obtained using waste edible oil, including rapeseed oil.

[0093] [Table 2]

[0094] [Table 3]

[0095] [Table 4]

[0096] [Table 5]

[0097] [Performance evaluation results] As shown in Table 3, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment was evaluated as being good in all respects of viscosity suitability, storage stability, and ignition and combustion performance, and was confirmed to be particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines. The fuel oil composition of Example 1 differs from the fuel oil compositions of Examples 2 to 4 in that it further contains a cracked light oil fraction, but like the fuel oil compositions of Examples 2 to 4, it was evaluated as being good in all respects of viscosity suitability, storage stability, and ignition and combustion performance.

[0098] On the other hand, the fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 and 14, in which the contents of the specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1, the cracked residual oil fraction and the atmospheric residual oil fraction were outside the specified range, were evaluated as being poor in terms of viscosity suitability, storage stability, and ignition and combustion performance.

[0099] The fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 11 to 13 each had a specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1, a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction each within a prescribed range, but had a kinematic viscosity of 10,000 mm at 50°C. 2 / s or more 180.000mm 2 / s or less, estimated cetane number of 25.0 or more, and CCAI of 860 or less were not satisfied, so the evaluation of viscosity suitability, storage stability, and ignition and combustion performance was poor.

[0100] Furthermore, the fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 3 and 7 had fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked residual oil fraction, and atmospheric residual oil fraction contents within the prescribed ranges, but contained fatty acid alkyl ester 2 as the fatty acid alkyl ester instead of specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1. Since fatty acid alkyl ester 2 had a residual carbon content in 10% residual oil outside the range of 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less, the storage stability performance was evaluated as poor. [Industrial Applicability]

[0101] The fuel oil composition of the present embodiment contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, and thus has excellent ignition and combustion performance, as well as viscosity suitability and storage stability, and is suitable for use in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, and is particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

Claims

1. The present invention relates to a process for producing a liquefied natural gas oil composition comprising: a fatty acid alkyl ester; a cracked residual oil fraction; and an atmospheric residual oil fraction, the fatty acid alkyl ester being an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the fatty acid alkyl ester being selected from the group consisting of the following: １ ) to (a ３ ), and the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition, are 5.0 vol. % or more and 50.0 vol. % or less, 25.0 vol. % or more and 40.0 vol. % or less, and 25.0 vol. % or more and less than 45.0 vol. %, respectively, and the fuel oil composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (6): (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (2) Potential sediment content is 0.10% by mass or less (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 10.000 mm ２ / s or more 180.000mm ２ / s or less (4) The estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more. (5) CCAI is 860 or less (6) Density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm ３ More than 0.9850g / cm ３ below

2. The cracked residual oil fraction is １ ) to (b ５ ) and the atmospheric residual oil fraction satisfies the following (c １ ) to (c ５ 2. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein all of the above conditions are satisfied. (b １ ) Sulfur content is less than 1.200 mass% (b ２ ) Latent sediment is 0.20% by mass or less (b ３ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 20.000 mm ２ / s or more 190.000mm ２ / s or less (b ４ ) CCAI is 950 or less (b ５ ) Density at 15 ° C. is 1.3000 g / cm ３ below (c １ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.600 mass% (c ２ ) Latent sediment is 0.80% by mass or less (c ３ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 50.000 mm ２ / s or more 180.000mm ２ / s or less (c ４ ) CCAI is 830 or less (c ５ ) Density at 15 ° C. is 0.9000 g / cm ３ More than 0.9500g / cm ３ below

3. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a cracked light oil fraction.

4. The cracked light oil fraction is １ ) to (d ５ 4. The fuel oil composition according to claim 3, wherein all of the above conditions are satisfied. (d １ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.500 mass% (d ２ ) Latent sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (d ３ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 0.500 mm ２ / s or more 10.000mm ２ / s or less (d ４ ) CCAI is 920 or less (d ５ ) Density at 15 ° C. is 1.0500 g / cm ３ below

5. 5. The fuel oil composition according to claim 3, wherein the content of the cracked light oil fraction in the fuel oil composition is more than 0.0% by volume and not more than 30.0% by volume.

6. 6. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 15.0% by volume or more and 50.0% by volume or less based on the total volume of the fuel oil composition.

7. 7. The fuel oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester.

8. 8. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds of fatty acids each having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

9. 9. The fuel oil composition according to claim 8, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils.

10. The fuel oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is used in an internal combustion engine.

11. The ester is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, １ ) to (a ３ ), a cracked residual oil fraction, and an atmospheric residual oil fraction are mixed such that the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the cracked residual oil fraction, and the atmospheric residual oil fraction are, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition, from 5.0 vol. % to 50.0 vol. %, from 25.0 vol. % to 40.0 vol. %, and from 25.0 vol. % to less than 45.0 vol. %, respectively. (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Sulfur content is 0.500% by mass or less (2) Latent sediment is 0.10% by mass or less (3) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 10.000 mm ２ / s or more 180.000mm ２ / s or less (4) The estimated cetane number is 25.0 or more. (5) CCAI is 860 or less (6) Density at 15°C is 0.8800 g / cm ３ More than 0.9850g / cm ３ below

12. The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to claim 11, further comprising mixing a cracked light oil fraction such that the content of the cracked light oil fraction in the total fuel oil composition is more than 0.0% by volume and not more than 30.0% by volume.

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