Movable house, method for installing movable house and foundation for movable house

Abstract

To improve convenience while making it easier to move houses such as container houses.SOLUTION: A movable house according to the embodiment comprises a house consisting of at least columns and beams, and a foundation that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and beams with removable bolts and nuts, and forms a gap inside the foundation for arranging heads of the bolts or the nuts. Furthermore, a method for installing the movable house according to the embodiment comprises detachably supporting the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and beams of the house consisting of at least columns and beams, with removable bolts and nuts, and forming a gap inside the foundation and arranging heads of the bolts or the nuts in the gap to install the house on the foundation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments of the present invention relate to a mobile house, a method of installing a mobile house, and a foundation for a mobile house. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for container houses that use used marine containers or that are modeled after marine containers. There is an increasing need for container houses that can be easily installed in a desired location, then quickly removed and installed in another location. For this reason, various detachable structures have been proposed to allow container houses to be easily attached and detached to a foundation (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6).

[0003] Specifically, since container houses are installed by tightening nuts onto anchor bolts buried in a concrete foundation, openings are provided in the corner castings and corner members of the container house to allow tools or hands to be inserted to tighten the nuts. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-051419 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2007-224707 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2013-185375 A [Patent Document 4] JP 2018-003451 A [Patent Document 5] Patent No. 6433611 [Patent Document 6] Patent No. 6767031 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present invention aims to improve convenience while making it possible to easily move houses such as container houses. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention has a house composed of at least pillars and beams, and a foundation that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the pillars and beams with removable bolts and nuts, and a space is formed inside the foundation for placing the head of the bolt or the nut.

[0007] Furthermore, a method for installing a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for installing the mobile house described above, in which the house is installed on the foundation by placing the bolt head or the nut in the gap.

[0008] Furthermore, an installation method for a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for installing a mobile house, in which the house is composed of at least pillars and beams, and at least one of the pillars and beams is directly or indirectly fastened with removable bolts and nuts to removably support the house on a foundation, and the house is installed on the foundation by forming a gap inside the foundation and placing the bolt head or the nut in the gap.

[0009] In addition, the foundation for a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention is a foundation for a mobile house that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and beams of the house, which is composed of at least columns and beams, with removable bolts and nuts, and has a gap formed inside for placing the head of the bolt or the nut. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mobile house according to a first embodiment of the present invention before a ceiling, a floor, and an outer wall are attached. [Diagram 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mobile house taken at position BB shown in FIG. 1 . [Diagram 3] 2 is a plan view showing an example of a panel that can be attached to the house shown in FIG. 1 as a side wall in the longitudinal direction. [Figure 4] A plan view of the columns and beams on the ceiling side of the mobile house shown in Figure 1. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the columns and beams on the floor side of the mobile house shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the arrangement of the multiple foundations shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 7] An enlarged front view of each foundation shown in Figure 6. [Figure 8] Plan view of the foundation shown in Figure 7. [Figure 9] 8 is a cross-sectional view of the foundation at position CC shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of the foundation structure used when placing two houses adjacent to each other. [Figure 11] 2 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a connection portion between a beam and a foundation of the house shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a plan view of the connecting portion shown in FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 12 is a plan view of the shim shown in FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a closing member for closing an insertion opening of a foundation after a house is installed on the foundation. [Figure 15] 13 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a closing member for closing a through hole for inserting a bolt together with an insertion opening of the foundation after the house is removed from the foundation. FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. 11 is a front view showing a structure of a connecting portion between a house and a foundation of a mobile house according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line DD of the connecting portion shown in FIG. 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A mobile house, a method for installing the mobile house, and a foundation for the mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] (First embodiment) (Mobile house configuration and functions) Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mobile house 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention before a ceiling, a floor, and an outer wall are attached, and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mobile house 1 at position BB shown in Fig. 1. Note that Fig. 1 shows the cross section at position AA in Fig. 2.

[0013] The mobile house 1 is constructed by detachably supporting a house 3 on a foundation 2. The foundation 2 is buried in the ground with its top surface exposed above ground, ideally so that the top surface of the foundation 2 is on the same plane as the ground line GL. Therefore, if the foundations 2 are buried in different locations, the house 3 can be moved between the foundations 2. The ground line GL is also called the ground level.

[0014] There may be a single house 3, or multiple houses 3 may be connected in at least one of the length, width, and height directions. When multiple houses 3 are connected in at least one of the length and width directions to form a mobile house 1, a foundation 2 for supporting each house 3 is prepared.

[0015] The house 3 is composed of at least pillars 4 and beams 5, and in addition to the floor and ceiling, exterior and interior wall materials of desired shapes can be attached to desired locations. A typical house 3 with a simplified structure is composed of four pillars 4 located at the four corners, connected by four beams 5 whose length direction is the length direction of the house 3 and four beams 5 whose length direction is the width direction of the house 3, in order to ensure strength.

[0016] The columns 4 and beams 5 may be transported disassembled to the installation site of the house 3 and connected with bolts and nuts for easy assembly, but if securing strength is important, it is more practical to join them by welding. In addition, the columns 4 and beams 5 that are connected so that their length directions are perpendicular to each other may be reinforced by connecting diagonal braces with their length directions inclined as necessary, but this may be omitted if strength is secured. Figures 1 and 2 show an example where the strength of the columns 4 and beams 5 is designed so that diagonal braces can be omitted.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of a panel 6 attached to the house 3 shown in FIG. 1 as a side wall in the longitudinal direction.

[0018] By attaching a corrugated (wave-shaped) panel 6 having the appearance of a marine container as shown in Fig. 3 to at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5, the house 3 can be made into a container house in which at least a part of the house 3 has the appearance of a marine container. The panel 6 shown in Fig. 3 has a protrusion 6A that forms a flat mounting surface for mounting an interior wall material. Of course, by attaching an exterior wall material or ceiling having a desired shape to at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5, a container house in which some wall surfaces are corrugated and other wall surfaces are flat, like land cargo containers such as railroad cargo containers and air cargo containers, may be constructed.

[0019] In addition, the house 3 is not limited to container houses, and if glass panels are attached to at least one of the pillars 4 and beams 5, a bright and open house 3 can be formed using sunlight. Therefore, by selecting the materials for the ceiling, floor, and exterior wall materials, it is possible to form a house 3 that is not only completely glass-walled, but also partially made of wood. Depending on the purpose of using the house 3, such as using it as a store or stage, it is not always necessary to attach exterior wall materials, and it may be used in an open state without attaching both the interior and exterior wall materials. Also, metal fittings may be fixed so that the roof can be installed with an inclined angle.

[0020] Regardless of whether the exterior of the house 3 is a container house or not, if the size is the size of a marine container, the house 3 can be transported and carried by a ship or truck that is standardized for transporting and carrying marine containers. The size of a marine container defined by its length, width, and height is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the length of a marine container according to the ISO standard is 20 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet, or 53 feet, the width is 8 feet, and the height is 8 feet 6 inches or 9 feet 6 inches. Marine containers according to the ISO standard are called international marine cargo containers. In Japan, the width, length, and height of international cargo containers that correspond to the ISO standard are also standardized in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) in JIS Z1614, etc., with the unit being millimeters.

[0021] Conversely, the size of the house 3 may be a size that is not standardized as a size of a marine container. In other words, the size of the house 3 may be set to a unique size that is not standardized. In that case, the house 3 can be loaded onto a truck equipped with a crane (Unic vehicle) or a general-purpose large truck. However, here, an example will be described in which the size of the house 3 is the size of a marine container.

[0022] On the other hand, it is preferable that the columns 4 and beams 5 are made of JIS steel materials, which are designated as the main materials for the structural strength of steel-framed buildings in the Building Standards Act. If the columns 4 and beams 5 are made of JIS steel materials, the mobile house 1 can be used as a steel-framed building.

[0023] Steel materials include carbon steel and stainless steel. In addition to general structural rolled steel materials specified in JIS G3101, rolled steel materials for architectural structures specified in JIS G3136, general structural light-gauge steel materials specified in JIS G3350, and general structural square steel pipes specified in JIS G3466, various other steel materials are specified by JIS, such as decarburized steel plates and steel strips for enamel specified in JIS G3133 as practical steel materials, although they are not specified by the Building Standards Act.

[0024] The house 3 is detachably supported by the foundation 2 by fastening at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5 directly or indirectly to the foundation 2 with removable bolts 7 and nuts 8. That is, in order to attach and detach the house 3 from the foundation 2, no nuts are fastened to the anchor bolts buried in the concrete foundation 2. Therefore, there is no need to protrude the anchor bolts from the foundation 2 in order to attach and detach the house 3. Therefore, there are no obstacles in the buried area of ​​the foundation 2 after the house 3 is removed, and the buried area of ​​the foundation 2 can be effectively utilized.

[0025] In order to detachably fasten the removable bolt 7 and nut 8 to at least one of the column 4 and beam 5 and to the foundation 2, a space is required for fastening the bolt 7 and nut 8 to at least one of the column 4 and beam 5 and to the foundation 2. Therefore, a space 9 for arranging at least the head of the bolt 7 or the nut 8 is formed inside the foundation 2. In addition, the foundation 2 is provided with an insertion opening 10 for inserting a tool or hand into the space 9 to fasten the bolt 7 and nut 8. On the other hand, the column 4 or beam 5 to which the bolt 7 and nut 8 are to be fastened is also structured so that the bolt 7 and nut 8 can be fastened thereto.

[0026] The house 3 may have a structure in which the columns 4 are fastened to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8, or in which the beams 5 are fastened to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8. The bolts 7 and nuts 8 may be fastened directly to the columns 4 or beams 5, or indirectly through an attachment such as a metal fitting.

[0027] As a specific example, if the shape of the house 3 is not the standardized shape of an international cargo container and the pillars 4 at the four corners are made to protrude toward the ground line GL, a flange for inserting a bolt 7 may be formed at the tip of the pillar 4 on the ground line GL side as shown in Fig. 8 of Japanese Patent No. 6433611 given as an example as Patent Document 5. In this case, the pillar 4 is directly fastened to the foundation 2 by the bolt 7 and nut 8.

[0028] As another specific example, even if the column 4 does not protrude to the ground line GL side, for example, as disclosed in JP 2020-87553 A, by connecting a connecting column having a flange to the column 4, the column 4 can be similarly fastened to the foundation 2 with the bolt 7 and nut 8. In this case, the column 4 is indirectly fastened to the foundation 2 with the bolt 7 and nut 8.

[0029] When the shape of the house 3 is made to be the standard shape for an international cargo container, the underside of the house 3 for supporting it on the foundation 2 often becomes a beam 5 on the ground line GL side or a corner casting connected to the beam 5. For this reason, it is practical to fasten the bolts 7 and nuts 8 directly to the beam 5 or indirectly via a corner casting.

[0030] A typical corner casting is installed at the corner that connects a column 4 and a beam 5 made of general structural square steel pipes with a rectangular cross section as specified in JIS G 3466. Therefore, if an opening is provided in the corner casting, a bolt 7 or nut 8 can be placed inside the corner casting and tightened with a tool.

[0031] That is, if bolt 7 is inserted from gap 9 in foundation 2 into a corner casting of house 3, the male thread of bolt 7 protruding into the corner casting can be tightened with nut 8. Conversely, if an appropriate opening is formed in the corner casting, bolt 7 can be inserted from inside the corner casting into gap 9 in foundation 2, and tightened with nut 8 placed in gap 9 of foundation 2.

[0032] In either case, a tool such as a torque wrench or one's hand can be inserted through the opening in the corner casting to apply torque to the nut 8 or bolt 7 or to prevent the nut 8 or bolt 7 from rotating. Similarly, a tool or one's hand can be inserted into the gap 9 through the insertion port 10 in the foundation 2 to apply torque to the nut 8 or bolt 7 or to prevent the nut 8 or bolt 7 from rotating.

[0033] In this way, the bolt 7 may be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the gap 9 in the foundation 2, or from the gap 9 in the foundation 2 toward the inside of the house 3. However, when inserting the bolt 7 from the gap 9 in the foundation 2 toward the inside of the house 3, it is necessary to form a gap 9 in the foundation 2 that has a depth equal to or greater than the length of the bolt 7.

[0034] For this reason, if the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 are designed so that the bolt 7 can be inserted from within the house 3 toward the foundation 2, not only can the depth of the gap 9 in the foundation 2 be made shallow, but the work of tightening the bolt 7 and the nut 8 can also be facilitated. Specifically, the bolt 7 can be tightened with the nut 8 by rotating the bolt 7 with a tool such as a torque wrench inside the house 3 while holding the nut 8 placed in the gap 9 in the foundation 2 with a tool such as a wrench so that it does not turn. Therefore, hereinafter, an example will be described in which the bolt 7 is inserted from within the house 3 toward the foundation 2.

[0035] 4 is a plan view of the pillars 4 and beams 5 on the ceiling side of the mobile house shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of the pillars 4 and beams 5 on the floor side of the mobile house shown in FIG.

[0036] As shown in the figure, at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3, which are fastened to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8, can be made of shaped steel 11 such as angle steel. In this way, unlike when the columns 4 or beams 5 are made of steel pipes, there is no interference, and it becomes possible to insert the bolts 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2.

[0037] In the illustrated example, all of the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 are made of angle steel with an L-shaped cross section. Of course, the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 may be made of other shaped steel 11, such as channel steel with a C-shaped cross section, light channel steel or lip channel steel, I-shaped (joist) steel with an I-shaped cross section, and H-shaped (etch) steel with an H-shaped cross section.

[0038] If at least the columns 4 or beams 5 in which holes for inserting the bolts 7 are formed are made of structural steel 11, it becomes possible to insert the bolts 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2. For this reason, a part of the columns 4 or beams 5 in which holes for inserting the bolts 7 are formed may be made of structural steel 11, and the other columns 4 and beams 5 may be made of steel pipes.

[0039] However, as shown in the figure, if all of the columns 4 and beams 5 are made of shaped steel 11 having the required strength, in many cases diagonal braces to reinforce the strength are not required, compared to when they are made of steel pipes. This not only leads to effective use of the space inside the house 3, but also eliminates the need for walls to hide the diagonal braces, allowing the house 3 to be decorated freely, such as by making the entire house glazed or open. In addition, steel material 12 such as channel steel can be provided on the beams 5 on the floor side so that floorboards can be attached. Of course, steel material 12 such as channel steel can also be provided on the beams 5 on the roof side so that a roof can be attached.

[0040] When joining columns 4 and beams 5, both of which are made of angle steel as shown in the figure, the ends of the columns 4 and beams 5, which are the same in the thickness direction, can be cut to have an outline that is inclined at 45 degrees to the length direction, and then butt-welded together. In this case, the surface of the house 3 that is detachable from the foundation 2 is the underside at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side. That is, the house 3 is supported by the foundation 2 at four points at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side, and is detachably fixed to the foundation 2 by bolts 7 and nuts 8 at four points at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side. For this reason, hereinafter, an example in which the two beams 5 on the floor side are supported by the foundation 2 will be mainly described.

[0041] FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of the arrangement of a plurality of foundations 2 shown in FIG.

[0042] As shown in Fig. 6, the foundation 2 is placed in a position to support the house 3. Unlike the conventional case where a house is supported by a foundation with an embedded anchor bolt, a high degree of positioning accuracy is required for the foundation 2 in order to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side into the through hole or female screw on the foundation 2 side.

[0043] For this reason, it is preferable to place independent foundations 2 at each position supporting the house 3, rather than arranging two foundations having a long structure in parallel and spaced apart in the length direction of the house 3. In other words, it is preferable to provide the foundations 2 separately and independently in both the length direction and width direction of the house 3, rather than forming a common foundation 2. Therefore, when the house 3 is supported at four points, the four foundations 2 are buried in the ground with their upper surfaces exposed, as exemplified in FIG.

[0044] By making the foundation 2 independent in this way, it is possible to adjust the unevenness so that the position of the foundation 2 is appropriately positioned while aligning the top surface of the foundation 2 with the ground line GL. As a result, it becomes easy to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side into the through hole or female screw on the foundation 2 side.

[0045] 7 is an enlarged front view of each foundation 2 shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a plan view of the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the foundation 2 at position CC shown in FIG.

[0046] As shown in each figure, the foundation 2 can be constructed by embedding a steel frame 13 in reinforced concrete 14. Inside or within the steel frame 13, a gap 9 is formed for placing a nut 8 and holding it with a tool or the like, and an insertion port 10 is provided in the gap 9 for inserting a tool or a hand. The steel frame 13 also has an attachment / detachment surface 15 for fastening at least one of the column 4 and the beam 5 with the bolt 7 and nut 8 directly or indirectly by sandwiching another member between them. The attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13 has a through hole 16 for passing the bolt 7 through.

[0047] The steel frame 13 is embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 with the detachable surface 15 exposed to the outside. In the illustrated example, a groove 17 with a roughly rectangular cross section is formed in the reinforced concrete 14 with an inverted T-shaped cross section, and a channel steel 18 with a web having a through hole 16 formed therein as the detachable surface 15 is embedded in the groove 17 of the reinforced concrete 14 as the steel frame 13. Therefore, the open ends on both sides of the channel steel 18 can be used as the insertion opening 10 for inserting a tool or hand into the gap 9. Of course, the steel frame 13 may be formed of a steel frame having the same shape as the channel steel 18 by joining plate materials.

[0048] The steel frame 13 is embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 as a separate steel frame, and can be joined by welding or the like to a base plate 20 fixed to the reinforced concrete 14 with anchor bolts 19. This allows the steel frame 13 to be firmly fixed to the reinforced concrete 14. In other words, instead of fixing the house 3 to the foundation 2 with anchor bolts 19 embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 that constitutes the foundation 2, the steel frame 13 for detachably connecting the house 3 can be fixed to the foundation 2 with the anchor bolts 19.

[0049] A foundation 2 having such a structure can be manufactured by assembling steel beams 13, such as channel steel 18, joined to a base plate 20 by welding or the like, connecting them with anchor bolts 19 in the same manner as reinforcing bars, and then pouring in concrete and allowing it to harden.

[0050] FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of the structure of the foundation 2 used when two houses 3 are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0051] 10, by forming a plurality of gaps 9 adjacent to each other in the foundation 2, it becomes possible to attach and detach a plurality of houses 3 adjacent to each other. Specifically, in the case where the foundation 2 is formed by embedding a channel steel 18 in the reinforced concrete 14, two channel steels 18 can be embedded adjacent to each other in the reinforced concrete 14.

[0052] It is possible to arrange the houses 3 adjacent to each other in the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent. Therefore, if the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent is aligned with the length direction of the house 3, it is possible to arrange another house 3 adjacent to each other in the length direction of the house 3. On the other hand, if the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent is aligned with the width direction of the house 3, it is possible to arrange another house 3 adjacent to each other in the width direction of the house 3.

[0053] Even when multiple houses 3 are arranged adjacent to each other, as described with reference to Fig. 6, it is preferable to provide separate and independent foundations 2 in both the length and width directions of a single house 3 rather than using a common foundation 2, from the viewpoint of making it easier to insert bolts 7 toward the steel frame 13 of the foundation 2 from the house 3 side. In other words, since the interval between two adjacent houses 3 is short, it is acceptable to use a common foundation 2 by accepting errors in positioning accuracy, but since the interval between support positions is long within one house 3, it is preferable to divide the foundation 2 so as not to be affected by errors in positioning accuracy.

[0054] In addition, not only for the foundation 2 shown in Fig. 10, but also for the foundation 2 shown in Fig. 6, the length direction of the foundation 2 can be set to the width direction of the house 3. In other words, the length direction of the foundation 2 shown in Fig. 6 may be rotated by 90°.

[0055] 11 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a connecting portion between beam 5 and foundation 2 of house 3 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the connecting portion shown in FIG.

[0056] As described above, the beam 5 of the house 3 made of angle steel can be connected to the channel steel 18 buried in the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8. For this purpose, a through hole 21 for passing the bolt 7 is formed in the portion of the beam 5 connected to the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8, in accordance with the position of the through hole 16 formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18. In the example shown in Figs. 11 and 12, four through holes 16 are formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 and four through holes 21 are formed in the beam 5 so that the beam 5 can be connected to the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 with four M16 bolts.

[0057] With this structure, it is possible to insert bolt 7 from inside house 3 toward steel frame 13, such as channel steel 18, embedded in foundation 2, and tighten nut 8 onto the tip of bolt 7 protruding into gap 9 of steel frame 13. When tightening nut 8 onto bolt 7, a tool or hand can be inserted through insertion port 10 of steel frame 13 to prevent nut 8 from rotating, while an appropriate torque can be applied to bolt 7 from inside house 3 using a tool such as a torque wrench. Depending on the size of the house 3, a female thread for fastening the bolt 7 may be formed on the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13 instead of the through hole 16 for passing the bolt 7. In other words, the through hole 16 for passing the bolt 7 may be a female thread. More specifically, when the size of the house 3 is small and the positioning error between the through hole 21 of the beam 5 and the steel frame 13 can be ignored, a female thread may be formed on the steel frame 13 to fasten the bolt 7. Conversely, when the positioning error of the steel frame 13 cannot be ignored, it is practical to form the through hole 16 on the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13 to absorb the positioning error as in the above example.

[0058] As described above, if the size of the house 3 is the standardized size of an international cargo container, the house 3 can be transported by a ship or truck that is standardized for transporting and carrying international cargo containers. However, while corner castings are provided on the international cargo container to secure it to the ship or truck, the loading platform of the ship or truck is often provided with casting locks to secure the corner castings of the international cargo container. Therefore, even if the size of the house 3 is the size of an international cargo container, the house 3 cannot be connected to the casting lock unless the house 3 has a structure for connecting to the casting lock.

[0059] Therefore, as shown in Fig. 12, long holes 22 for fixing with casting locks can be formed in shaped steel 11 such as angle steel constituting beams 5 of house 3. As a result, as long as the arrangement of long holes 22 for fixing with casting locks complies with standards, it becomes possible to transport or ship house 3 on a ship or truck equipped with casting locks, regardless of whether the exterior of house 3 is a container house or whether the size of house 3 is strictly the same as that of an international cargo container. In other words, it becomes possible to transport or ship house 3 using casting locks.

[0060] In addition, since the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13 such as the channel steel 18 is designed to be on the same plane as the ground line GL, if the lower surface of the beam 5 constituting the house 3 is brought into direct contact with the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13, the beam 5 is likely to come into contact with the ground. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 11 etc., a shim 23 of an appropriate thickness can be interposed between the lower surface side of the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3, i.e., between the beam 5 and the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13, so that the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3 does not come into contact with the ground. This makes it possible to form a gap of a desired distance between the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3 and the ground.

[0061] FIG. 13 is a plan view of the shim 23 shown in FIG.

[0062] When arranging the shim 23 between the beam 5 and the steel frame 13, it is practical to provide a through hole 24 for passing the bolt 7 in the shim 23 and weld the shim 23 to the beam 5 as illustrated in Fig. 13, or to fix the shim 23 to the beam 5 with the bolt 7 for fixing the beam 5 to the steel frame 13. Therefore, it is appropriate to form a long hole 25 for fixing the beam 5 with the casting lock in the shim 23 so that the long hole 22 for fixing the beam 5 with the casting lock is not blocked by the shim 2. With such a structure and arrangement of the shim 23, it is possible to fix the beam 5 with the casting lock with the shim 23 attached, and form a desired gap between the ship or truck bed and the beam 5.

[0063] Incidentally, even when multiple houses 3 are connected in the height direction, i.e., when a mobile house 1 having two or more floors is installed, as illustrated in Fig. 4, if the structure of the four corners of the beams 5 on the ceiling side is similar to the structure of the four corners of the beams 5 on the floor side for fixing to the detachable surfaces 15 of the steel frame 13 with bolts 7, two houses 3 adjacent in the height direction can be detachably connected with bolts 7 and nuts 8. Even in this case, if a shim 23 is interposed between the floor beams 5 of the house 3 on the upper floor and the beams 5 on the ceiling side of the house 3 on the lower floor, a gap of a desired distance can be formed between two houses 3 adjacent in the height direction.

[0064] When installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 and when removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, it is necessary to use the insertion port 10 to insert a tool or a hand into the gap 9 in the foundation 2 to place or remove the nut 8. However, after installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 or removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, it is preferable to prevent unwanted objects such as soil, grass, insects, and rainwater from entering the gap 9 in the foundation 2 through the insertion port 10 or the through hole 16.

[0065] Therefore, the insertion opening 10 and the through hole 16 of the foundation 2 can be blocked after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2 or after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2. Of course, if there is a low possibility that unwanted objects will enter through the insertion opening 10 or the through hole 16 after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2 or after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2, the insertion opening 10 and the through hole 16 may be left exposed.

[0066] Figure 14 is an oblique view showing an example of the structure of a closing member 26 for closing the insertion opening 10 of the foundation 2 after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2, and Figure 15 is an oblique view showing an example of the structure of a closing member 27 for closing the insertion opening 10 of the foundation 2 as well as the through hole 16 for inserting the bolt 7 after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2.

[0067] While the house 3 is connected to the foundation 2, the bolts 7 are inserted into the through holes 16 formed in the attachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18 used as the steel frame 13 for forming the gap 9. Therefore, the through holes 16 formed in the attachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18 are in a blocked state.

[0068] In contrast, even if the foundation 2 is buried underground so that the upper surface of the foundation 2 becomes the ground line GL by making the length of the channel steel 18 shorter than the length of the groove 17 in the reinforced concrete 14 as shown in the figure, if the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 are left open, the insertion openings 10 will remain open even after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2.

[0069] 14, the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 can be blocked with blocking members 26 that are detachable from the foundation 2. More specifically, the blocking members 26 for blocking the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 can be constituted by two brackets 26B with an L-shaped cross section that are detachably connected with screws 26A so as not to interfere with the tips of the bolts 7 and nuts 8 present in the gaps 9 in the channel steel 18.

[0070] By blocking the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 with the blocking members 26, it is possible to prevent unwanted objects from entering the gaps 9 inside the channel steel 18. Note that any depression in the foundation 2 that occurs above the blocking members 26 after blocking the insertion openings 10 with the blocking members 26 may be temporarily filled with soil or a filler such as a cushioning material, and the filler may be removed when the blocking members 26 are removed.

[0071] On the other hand, after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2, not only the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 but also the through holes 16 formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 are exposed to the outside. Therefore, as illustrated in Fig. 15, a blocking member 27 that is detachable from the foundation 2 can be used to block not only the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 but also the through holes 16 formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18.

[0072] The blocking member 27 illustrated in Fig. 15 is a single plate material having a simple structure formed into a cap shape to match the shape of the channel steel 18 so that it can cover the entire channel steel 18 from above. Therefore, the insertion opening 10 and the through hole 16 can be blocked by fitting the blocking member 27 into the channel steel 18. After the insertion opening 10 and the through hole 16 are blocked with the blocking member 27, any depression in the foundation 2 that occurs above the blocking member 27 may also be filled with a filler such as soil or a buffer material, and the filler may be removed when the blocking member 27 is removed to install the house 3 on the foundation 2 again.

[0073] The length of the channel steel 18 may be approximately the same as the length of the groove 17 of the reinforced concrete 14. In that case, it will be necessary to excavate the soil near both ends of the channel steel 18 to open the insertion opening 10 to the outside. Regardless of the length of the channel steel 18, it is also possible to connect other steel frame components such as steel pipes to both ends of the channel steel 18 and form the insertion opening 10 at a desired position in the connected steel frame components, or to replace the channel steel 18 itself with a steel pipe or a box-shaped member or the like and form the insertion opening 10 at a desired position.

[0074] Even when both ends of the channel steel 18 are not provided with the insertion openings 10, it is preferable to be able to close the insertion openings 10 formed in the steel frame 13 with a closing member from the viewpoint of preventing unwanted objects from entering the gaps 9 in the steel frame 13. Therefore, the insertion openings 10 may be provided in the steel frame 13 facing upward, and the insertion openings 10 may be closed with a closing member configured to be able to be opened and closed, such as an opening and closing door whose lid is opened and closed by a hinge or an opening and closing door whose lid is opened and closed by sliding.

[0075] (How to install a mobile house) When installing the mobile house 1, a plurality of foundations 2 are buried in advance at the location where the house 3 is to be installed, as illustrated in Fig. 6. When arranging a plurality of houses 3 adjacent to each other, a foundation 2 having two voids 9 formed therein, as illustrated in Fig. 10, is used as the foundation 2 for supporting the two houses 3 at their adjacent portions, rather than a foundation 2 having one void 9 formed therein, as illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9. When the houses 3 are moved to different locations and installed sequentially, a plurality of foundations 2 are buried in each location.

[0076] In the foundation 2, in addition to the through hole 16 and gap 9 for connecting the house 3 with a bolt 7 and a nut 8, an insertion opening 10 for inserting a tool or a hand into the gap 9 is formed. Therefore, in order to prevent unwanted matter such as soil from entering the gap 9 in the foundation 2, a blocking member 27 as illustrated in Figure 15 can be placed over the foundation 2.

[0077] When a house 3 is to be installed on a foundation 2 buried in a certain place, the blocking member 27 is removed from the foundation 2, and then at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5 constituting the house 3 is fastened to the foundation 2 with removable bolts 7 and nuts 8, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. This allows the house 3 to be detachably supported by the foundation 2.

[0078] At this time, since a gap 9 is formed inside the foundation 2, the house 3 can be installed on the foundation 2 by placing the head of the bolt 7 or the nut 8 in the gap 9 in the foundation 2. Also, a tool or hand can be inserted through an insertion port 10 to tighten the bolt 7 and the nut 8. In particular, if the column 4 or beam 5 to be tightened to the foundation 2 is made of shaped steel 11, the bolt 7 can be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2 while the nut 8 can be placed in the gap 9 in the foundation 2, thereby installing the house 3 on the foundation 2.

[0079] After the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2, the insertion opening 10 can be blocked with a blocking member 26 as illustrated in Figure 14 to prevent unwanted matter such as soil from entering the gap 9 in the foundation 2 through the insertion opening 10.

[0080] On the other hand, when the house 3 installed on the foundation 2 is to be removed from the foundation 2, the blocking member 26 is removed from the foundation 2, and then the bolts 7 and nuts 8 are loosened and removed. When loosening the bolts 7 and nuts 8, the work can be performed by inserting a tool or hand through the insertion opening 10. Since the bolts 7 and nuts 8 are completely removed in order to remove the house 3 from the foundation 2, the tip of the bolt 7 does not protrude from the foundation 2 like an anchor bolt after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2.

[0081] Therefore, after the house 3 is removed, the foundation 2 can be covered again with a blocking member 27 as shown in Fig. 15. Then, the user of the mobile house 1 can effectively use the area where the foundation 2 is buried after the house 3 is removed for a desired purpose, such as a parking lot or a plaza.

[0082] On the other hand, the house 3 after being removed from the foundation 2 can be moved to another location where the foundation 2 is buried and installed in the same manner. At this time, as shown in Fig. 12, if long holes 22 for fixing with casting locks for connecting international cargo containers are formed in the beams 5 constituting the floor side of the house 3, the house 3 can be shipped or transported by a ship or truck equipped with casting locks.

[0083] In this way, the foundations 2 are buried in different locations, and the house 3 is installed on one of the foundations 2 buried in different locations, and then installed on another of the foundations 2, so that the house 3 can be moved and installed in different locations successively.

[0084] (effect) The above-described mobile house 1, installation method for the mobile house 1, and foundation 2 for the mobile house 1 allow the house 3 to be attached and detached with removable bolts 7 and nuts 8. Therefore, according to the mobile house 1, installation method for the mobile house 1, and foundation 2 for the mobile house 1, not only can the house 3 be easily moved, but it is also possible to effectively utilize the land while the house 3 is not installed, since there is no need to protrude the male threads of the anchor bolts from the foundation 2. In other words, convenience can be improved while making it possible to easily move the house 3, such as a container house, and the like.

[0085] In particular, if the columns 4 or beams 5 of the house 3 to be fastened to the foundation 2 are made of structural steel 11 such as angle iron, the bolts 7 can be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2 and turned, making it easier to attach and remove the bolts 7 and nuts 8.

[0086] Second Embodiment FIG. 16 is a front view showing the structure of a connecting portion between a house 3 and a foundation 2 of a mobile house 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting portion at position DD shown in FIG.

[0087] 16 and 17 differ from the mobile house 1 in the first embodiment in that the beams 5 are made of H-shaped steel and in the structure of the connecting portion of the house 3 connected to the foundation 2. As the other configurations and functions of the mobile house 1A in the second embodiment are substantially the same as those of the mobile house 1 in the first embodiment, only the connecting portion between the house 3 and the foundation 2 is shown, and the same or corresponding configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

[0088] The thickness of an angle iron is not uniform, it is thicker in the center. Therefore, the joint strength is stronger when welding an angle iron to an H-beam than when welding two angle irons together. In addition, the deflection of an H-beam is smaller than that of an angle iron.

[0089] Therefore, the beams 5 can be made of H-shaped steel instead of angle steel. If the beams 5 are made of H-shaped steel, the amount of deflection of the beams 5 can be reduced when the house 3 is suspended by a crane. Therefore, even if brittle glass with poor malleability and ductility is attached to the house 3, there is an advantage in that the risk of the glass breaking can be sufficiently reduced.

[0090] When the beams 5 are made of H-shaped steel, two beams 5 made of H-shaped steel are joined to the columns 4 made of angle steel by a connecting member 30, and the connecting member 30 can be attached and detached to the foundation 2. In this case, the connecting member 30 can have a structure in which an angle steel 30B whose length direction is vertical is sandwiched between two upper and lower plates 30A whose thickness direction is vertical, as exemplified in Figures 16 and 17. The two plates 30A and the angle steel 30B can be joined by welding.

[0091] This allows the end faces of the flanges of the H-shaped steel constituting the two beams 5 arranged so that their length directions are perpendicular to each other, and the end faces of the angle steel constituting the column 4 to be welded to the plates 30A of the connecting member 30. Note that on the roof side, the beams 5 and the column 4 can also be joined using a connecting member having a similar structure.

[0092] When the beams 5 and columns 4 on the floor side are joined with the connecting members 30, the connecting members 30 can be attached and detached to the foundation 2. Specifically, the lower plate 30A can be formed with through holes 21 for inserting the bolts 7. In addition, the lower plate 30A can also be formed with long holes 22 for fixing with casting locks for fixing corner castings of a container.

[0093] Furthermore, if the angle iron 30B constituting the connecting member 30 is arranged so that the crest side is inside the house 3, the through hole 21 for inserting the bolt 7 is exposed to the outside of the house 3. Therefore, a tool such as a wrench or one's hand can be inserted from outside the house 3 to apply torque to the nut 8 or bolt 7 or to prevent the nut 8 or bolt 7 from rotating.

[0094] The length of the bolt 7 for connecting the plate 30A of the connecting member 30 to the channel steel 18 of the foundation 2 is a length that covers the thickness of the web of the channel steel 18 overlapped with the plate 30A having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the flange of the H-shaped steel constituting the beam 5 of the house 3, with the shim 23 sandwiched between them. As a result, the length of the bolt 7 becomes sufficiently shorter than the distance between the two plates 30A as illustrated in Fig. 16, and it becomes possible to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side toward the foundation 2. Of course, the bolt 7 may also be inserted from the foundation 2 side toward the house 3.

[0095] 16 and 17, the angle irons constituting the column 4 are also arranged in the same orientation and at corresponding positions as the angle irons 30B constituting the connecting member 30. Therefore, the load transmitted vertically from the column 4 to the upper plate 30A can be borne by the angle irons 30B constituting the connecting member 30.

[0096] In this way, the connecting parts for connecting the house 3 to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8 can be formed not at the ends of the beams 5 or columns 4 themselves, but by the connecting members 30. Furthermore, if at least a part of the connecting parts for connecting the house 3 to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8 is made of angle iron, it becomes possible to insert the bolts 7 from the house 3 side toward the foundation 2.

[0097] According to the second embodiment described above, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, an effect of improving the strength and rigidity of the house 3 can be obtained. Therefore, it becomes possible to hoist the house 3 with easily breakable objects such as glass attached thereto by a crane.

[0098] (Other embodiments) Although specific embodiments have been described above, the described embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. The novel methods and apparatus described herein may be embodied in various other forms. In addition, various omissions, substitutions, and modifications may be made in the forms of the methods and apparatus described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The appended claims and their equivalents include such various forms and modifications as falling within the scope and spirit of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0099] 1, 1A Mobile House 2 Basics 3. House 4 Pillars 5 Beam 6 Panel 6A protrusion 7 Volts 8 Nuts 9 void 10 Insertion port 11 Shaped steel 12 Steel material 13 Steel Frame 14 Reinforced Concrete 15 Detachable surface 16 Through hole 17 Groove 18 Channel steel 19 Anchor bolt 20 Base Plate 21 Through hole 22 long hole 23 Sim 24 Through hole 25 long hole 26 Closure member 26A Screw 26B Bracket 27 Closure member 30 Connecting members 30A Plate 30B angle iron GL Ground Line

Claims

1. A house that is made up of at least posts and beams, A foundation that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and the beams with removable bolts and nuts; having A mobile house having a gap formed inside the foundation for placing the bolt head or the nut.

2. 2. The mobile house of claim 1, wherein said foundation has an insertion hole for inserting a tool or hand into said gap to tighten said bolt and said nut.

3. 2. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein the house has a connecting portion for connecting the house to the foundation with the bolt and the nut, the connecting portion having a through hole for inserting the bolt.

4. 4. The mobile house according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of said connecting portion is made of an angle iron, and said bolt can be inserted from said house side toward said foundation.

5. 4. The mobile house according to claim 3, wherein said connecting portion is formed with a long hole for fixing with a casting lock for fixing a corner casting of a container.

6. 2. The mobile house of claim 1, wherein the foundation is constructed by embedding a steel frame that forms the void inside or on the inside of the steel frame in reinforced concrete with a detachable surface for fastening at least one of the columns and the beams directly with the bolts and the nuts or indirectly by sandwiching another member therebetween, the detachable surface having a through hole or a female thread for passing the bolt therethrough exposed to the outside.

7. 7. The mobile house according to claim 6, wherein the steel frame is made of a channel steel having a web on which the through hole or female thread is formed as the attachment / detachment surface, or a steel frame having the same shape as the channel steel.

8. 2. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein the foundations are provided separately and independently in both the length direction and the width direction of the single house, without being a common foundation.

9. 2. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said gaps are formed adjacent to each other on said foundation so that a plurality of said houses can be attached and detached adjacent to each other.

10. 2. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the house is a container house having the appearance of a shipping container by attaching a panel having the appearance of a shipping container to at least one of the pillars and the beams.

11. 2. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein said pillars and said beams are made of steel material conforming to the Japanese Industrial Standards, which is designated as a material for the main parts of steel-framed buildings in terms of their structural strength under the Building Standards Law.

12. 3. The mobile house according to claim 2, further comprising a closing member for closing said insertion opening, said closing member being configured to be openable / closable or detachable from said foundation.

13. A method for installing a mobile house according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the steps of: A method for installing a mobile house, comprising: placing the bolt head or the nut in the gap to install the house on the foundation.

14. A method for installing a mobile house, comprising the steps of: directly or indirectly fastening at least one of a column and a beam of the house with a removable bolt and nut to detachably support the house on a foundation; A method for installing a mobile house, comprising forming a gap inside the foundation and placing the head of the bolt or the nut in the gap, thereby installing the house on the foundation.

15. 15. The method for installing a mobile house according to claim 14, further comprising the steps of: burying the foundations in different locations; installing the house on one of the plurality of foundations buried in the different locations; and then installing the house on another of the plurality of foundations, thereby sequentially installing the house in the different locations while moving the house.

16. 15. The method for installing a mobile house according to claim 14, wherein when installing the house on the foundation, the bolt is inserted from inside the house toward the foundation while a nut is placed in the gap to install the house, and after the house is removed from the foundation, the tip of the bolt does not protrude from the foundation.

17. A foundation for a mobile house, which detachably supports a house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and the beams of the house, the columns and the beams being composed of at least columns and beams, with removable bolts and nuts, A foundation for a mobile house having a gap formed therein for placing the head of the bolt or the nut.

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