Methods of stabilizing ion exchange resin

Abstract

To provide methods of stabilizing a virgin ion exchange resin material.SOLUTION: Methods include cleaning a virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising a nonionic detergent. The methods include cleaning the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. The methods include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. The methods include introducing the cleaned / rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas-impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. The methods include introducing an oxygen scavenging material into the gas-impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. Also there is provided a method of facilitating water treatment in a site in need thereof by providing cleaned virgin ion exchange resin material into deoxygenated water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are directed to the stabilization of virgin ion exchange resin materials. More specifically, the disclosed aspects and embodiments relate to virgin ion exchange resin materials. The disclosed aspects and embodiments relate to a method for reducing the rate of oxidative deterioration of a food. This application relates to the handling, storage, and transportation of purified virgin ion exchange resin material. Summary of the Invention

[0002] According to one aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method includes washing a virgin ion exchange resin material with a formulation comprising a non-ionic detergent to form a washing The preparation may include producing a virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may comprise the step of: The method may include introducing virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container. , which may include sealing the container.

[0003] In some embodiments, the method comprises deoxygenating the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with water. It may further include immediately.

[0004] Non-ionic detergents include ethoxylated octylphenols, polysorbates, polyoxyethylene It may comprise at least one of ethylene and its metabolic products.

[0005] According to certain embodiments, the preparation contains less than about 0.125 g / L of ethoxylated octyl It may comprise phenol.

[0006] The method comprises placing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material in a liquid-impermeable volume of a gas-impermeable container. The method may include introducing the sample into a vessel.

[0007] In another aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. To produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material, The method may include washing the washed barge with a formulation comprising an alcohol solvent. The method may include introducing the ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container. The method may include sealing the

[0008] In some embodiments, the method comprises deoxygenating the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with water. It may further include immediately.

[0009] According to certain embodiments, the alcohol solvent is isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, alcohol, n-butanol, isooctanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, isoamyl Alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia.

[0010] The preparation may comprise less than about 0.5% isopropanol.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method further comprises placing the washed virgin ion exchange resin in a gas impermeable container. The method may include introducing the liquid into a liquid impermeable container.

[0012] According to another aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method includes washing a virgin ion exchange resin material with a formulation comprising a non-ionic detergent to form a washing solution. The preparation may include producing a purified virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include providing a non-ionic detergent at a concentration below the critical micelle concentration of the detergent. The virgin ion exchange resin material was rinsed with deoxygenated water to obtain the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include generating a fee.

[0013] The method uses deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb to wash the ion-exchanged This may include rinsing the resin material.

[0014] In some embodiments, the non-ionic detergent is ethoxylated octylphenol, poly resorbate, polyoxyethylene and at least one of their metabolites. It is possible.

[0015] The method comprises introducing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container and The method may further include sealing the vessel.

[0016] According to another aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method includes: washing a virgin ion exchange resin material to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include washing the material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. The virgin ion exchange resin material was rinsed with deoxygenated water to obtain the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include generating a fee.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method comprises the step of: The method may include rinsing the washed ion exchange resin material with

[0018] Alcohol solvents include isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, Isooctanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol Of these, alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia It may comprise at least one of the following:

[0019] The method comprises introducing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container and The method may further include sealing the vessel.

[0020] According to another aspect, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. The method may include providing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water. The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material. The washed virgin ion exchange resin material has an oxygen-containing total organic carbon content of less than about 25 ppb. It may have seeds.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method includes: providing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water to the .

[0022] The method includes disposing an acidic gas between an outer wall of a liquid-impermeable compartment and an inner wall of a gas-impermeable container. The method may further include providing a material for removing the impurities.

[0023] In some embodiments, the method may further include providing an indication of oxygen contamination.

[0024] This method uses deoxygenated water in an amount of about 40% to about 50% of the washed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include providing:

[0025] The method can include providing deoxygenated water having less than about 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. . [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. Each identical or nearly identical component shown in the figures is represented by a like numeral. In order to illustrate the principles of the present invention, not all components may be indexed in every drawing. The following is shown in

[0027] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system including a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a container according to an embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 4] 1 is a graph of the comparative amount of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various detergents according to one embodiment disclosed herein. [Figure 5A] 1 is a graph of the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various concentrations of percarbonate. [Figure 5B] 1 is a graph of the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various concentrations of isopropanol. [Figure 5C] 1 is a graph of the concentration of oxygen-containing total organic carbon on an ion exchange resin after washing with various concentrations of ethoxylated octylphenol. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0028] Ion exchange resins can generally be used to separate components contained in a liquid mixture. Conventional ion exchange resins are copolymers with groups that have cationic and anionic sites. The anions or cations can be prepared by functionalizing the dendrite. When fats come into contact with a liquid mixture, they interact with ions or molecules in the liquid that have the same charge. The ions are exchanged stoichiometrically and the system maintains the electroneutrality of the electrons. Resins that exchange 100% of the cation (100% of the total cation) for another cation, such as copper, iron, or sodium, are called cationic resins. One anion (or a proportional amount based on the valence) such as hydroxide, chloride, sulfur, etc. Resins that exchange salts for other anions, such as phosphates, chromates, etc., are anion resins. In this case, both types of resins can extract various compounds such as sodium chloride and calcium sulfate from solution. Used to remove salts. Mixed bed ion exchange resins are a mixture of cation and anion resins. The resin contains a combination of ions removed to provide treated water of higher purity. Many resins can also be regenerated and reused, for example for use in water treatment. The resins used are either strong acids (in the case of cationic resins) or strong bases (in the case of anionic resins). It can be reproduced using

[0029] Ion exchange is often used in water treatment, where ions in an aqueous solution are typically transferred to a substrate, e.g. Ion exchange resin, hydrogen (H + ) or hydroxide (OH - ) ion and replace This is sometimes called "water desalting" or "water deionization". Resins are commonly used in, for example, water purification, nuclear power generation, microelectronics manufacturing, semiconductor It can be used in the fields of body manufacturing, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical processing, and metal extraction.

[0030] Under certain conditions, ion exchange resins can reduce the oxidation of the copolymer matrix over an extended period of time. For example, during purification of a liquid mixture, the liquid mixture may be placed in contact with a resin. The oxygen may contain oxidizing species such as molecular oxygen, dissolved oxygen, dissolved chlorine, or may be heated. Each of these can promote undesirable degradation of the copolymer matrix. Ion exchange resins can undergo oxidative degradation during handling, storage, or transportation prior to use. For example, water or air that is in contact with the ion exchange resin prior to use may also be absorbed by the copolymer matrix. This can accelerate deterioration of the material.

[0031] Specifically, during oxidative degradation, carbon-carbon bonds are broken and cross-links between individual polymer chains are formed. It is believed that the copolymerization of the styrene moieties results in the formation of bonds between the styrene moieties and / or the individual styrene moieties. As used herein, "oxidative degradation" of an ion exchange resin material refers to the degradation of the copolymer matrix of the material. This refers to the loss of carbon-carbon bonds in the individual polymer chains or crosslinks between styrene moieties. Without wishing to be bound by theory, such loss of bonds may result in increased water-holding capacity and ultimately Ultimately, this leads to the release of organic contaminants such as functionalized linear polystyrene segments. Oxidative degradation of the copolymer matrix may occur due to ion exchange or chlorine. For example, cross-linking may be undesirable for commercial operation of the chromatography process. The resin that loses may become relatively soft and may expand and become larger. The increased softening and expansion of the resin ultimately leads to an increase in bed pressure drop and the liquid mixture being processed. of the flow rate and reduced operational capacity to remove chemical species from the liquid being treated. This may cause one or more of the following:

[0032] Furthermore, loss of cross-links in the copolymer matrix can result in the loss of organic contaminants to the column effluent. This can increase emissions and may be unacceptable in some applications, such as the nuclear power industry. Organic contaminants from degraded ion exchange resins create a potential source of corrosion in process equipment. Ionic contaminants can cause degradation and contaminate other ion exchange resins involved in the process. For example, in an exemplary treatment process, cation exchange resins The exchange resin may contain sulfonic acid charges anchored on the styrene backbone. Positively charged ions such as sodium or calcium are being processed. Another ion exchange resin is used to remove sodium or calcium from the liquid. ions, e.g., hydrogen ions (H+). However, in some instances, can be degraded to the extent that sulfate ions are leached from the cation exchange resin. The sulfate ions can adversely affect the quality of the treated water.

[0033] Previously, industry personnel had been studying the selection of cross-linking monomers used in the preparation of copolymer matrices. Increasing the amount of ion exchange resins is intended to improve oxidative deterioration and related problems. However, increasing the number of crosslinks generally results in a higher degree of adhesion between the resulting resin beads and the liquid mixture. This reduces compatibility with the beads, leading to reduced diffusion to the beads and poorer handling capabilities. Highly cross-linked resins exhibit poor regeneration efficiency and are unable to regenerate glucose, fructose, Furthermore, degradation may still occur. Therefore, increasing the crosslink density may not address the issues related to the release of organic pollutants. There is a match.

[0034] Others in the industry have proposed replacing the hydrogen on the tertiary carbon adjacent to the benzene ring of the styrene moiety with hydrogen. We attempted to improve the oxidative degradation of ion exchange resins by replacing them with halogens. Specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 6,393,633, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. As postulated in 3,342,755, the degradation of the copolymer matrix The possible mechanism is defined as the tertiary carbon adjacent to the benzene ring of the styrene moiety. Tertiary carbon is a weak bond. The hydrogen attached to it is weakly bonded to oxidizing agents such as molecular oxygen and chlorine. It is considered a weak bond because it has a tendency to form hydroperoxides with the agent. The oxide may ultimately lead to the splitting of the carbon chain associated with the copolymer. In ,342,755, the inventors discovered that orthochlorostyrene does not contribute to the stability of the resin. Attempts were made to improve the degradation by using monomers such as

[0035] When deterioration of ion exchange resins occurs, it is customary to Attempts can be made to flush the degradation products from the ion exchange resin. Standard rinse water (non-deoxidized) If rinsed with tap water, the ion exchange resin may continue to be subject to oxidative degradation and / or contamination. The residual polymer during the polymerization and activation steps in the manufacture of ion exchange resins Fragments and impurities become entangled and slowly leach out of the resin. These also serve certain industrial purposes. In addition, in certain instances, Rinsing ion exchange resins generates a lot of waste. For example, in the nuclear industry, ion exchange resins are Rinsing the resin can generate large amounts of waste and radioactive wastewater that is complex to treat. The zinc ion exchange resin must be left off-line to stabilize before use.

[0036] By limiting the resin's exposure to oxidizing agents such as molecular oxygen, dissolved oxygen and chlorine, ionization is reduced. This stabilizes the ion exchange resin and prevents the oxidative deterioration of the ion exchange resin. is often stored in a moist container before being used to treat liquids. The inventors have demonstrated that the ability of ion exchange resins to react with oxygen and / or chlorine dissolved in standard rinse water is Safely sterilize ion exchange resins prior to use by preventing exposure and limiting the rate of oxidative degradation of the resin. Furthermore, conventional ion exchange resin storage containers generally have a high degree of stability. This can allow air ingress which can cause rapid rates of oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin. The inventors have found that ion exchange resins are effective in preventing contact with oxygen, e.g., from the surrounding air. It is recognized that the ion exchange resin may be further stabilized and the oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin may be further limited. Stabilization allows the ion exchange resin to be stored for longer periods compared to conventional ion exchange resins that are stored prior to use. In comparison, the method disclosed herein may remain available for a certain period of time offline. The method may also reduce the amount of wastewater produced during rinsing.

[0037] Analysis was performed on polystyrene-based resins, and some of the compounds released due to oxidative degradation of the resin were identified. Some of the contaminants identified included 5-methyl-3-hexanoic acid. Benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, methoxyphenyloxime, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, The compounds contained aldehydes, benzenemethanimine, and tributylamine. Although we do not wish to be identified, at least some of these contaminants are present from the manufacture of the resin. It is believed to arise from the oxidation of the styrene and ortho-xylene moieties present in the

[0038] [ka]

[0039] Such contaminants may have varying degrees of water solubility. For example, acetophenone The water solubility of benzaldehyde and 2-methylbenzaldehyde is 5.5 g / L, 3.0g / L, and 1.2g / L. Highly soluble contaminants are generally However, contaminants with lower water solubility may be washed away with water. may not be able to be removed or may only be partially washed off with water.

[0040] Aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are directed to the stabilization of virgin ion exchange resin materials. In some embodiments, the stabilization of the ion exchange resin can be achieved, for example, to reduce the ease of handling, storage, etc. Stabilization may refer to maintaining the stability of an ion exchange resin over time and / or during transportation. and the maintained stability is related to a reduced rate of oxidative degradation of virgin ion exchange resin materials. Specifically as used herein, a "stabilized" ion exchange resin material may be The term may refer to an ion exchange resin material that has a reduced rate of oxidative degradation over a period of time.

[0041] A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is disclosed. The method of stabilizing ion exchange resin includes: The method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deionized water. The method of stabilization comprises introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container. The method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material may include providing a gas impermeable container. This may include sealing.

[0042] In some embodiments, the method of stabilizing an ion exchange resin comprises providing less than about 10 ppb of soluble The method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a residual oxygen concentration. The method for stabilizing the ion exchange resin is to fill the barge with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 1 ppb. The method of stabilizing the ion exchange resin may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. Rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a chlorine concentration of less than 10 ppb. The method for stabilizing the ion exchange resin may include: This may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with water.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods comprising the steps of: By introducing deoxygenated water into a gas-impermeable container, virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsing and removing the interstitial deoxygenated water from the container. Rinsing with deionized water without rinsing immediately before use at the consumer's site is more cost-effective than not rinsing immediately before use at the consumer site. Pre-rinsing can be an improvement. Pre-rinsing removes residual polymer and organic debris that may be entangled in the resin. Deoxygenation of deionized water can be designed to eliminate the generation of oxygen in the deionized rinse water. This generally involves removing the organic ( Total Organic Carbon (measured by TOC) impurity levels.

[0044] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein involve the use of rinsed virgin ion-exchanged This may include maintaining the moisture content in the resin material. Maintaining the moisture content is necessary to maintain the polymer function. This may be related to cross-linking of polymers, minimizing leaching of organic compounds, and increasing physical strength. For example, in some embodiments, the method includes: In some embodiments, the method may include maintaining a moisture content of at least about 40%. maintains a moisture content of approximately 50% in rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. In some embodiments, the method includes: This may include maintaining the moisture content of the mixture at about 40% to about 50%.

[0045] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further include producing deoxygenated water. For example, deoxygenated water can be produced by deoxygenating non-deoxygenated water. Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by treatment to remove dissolved oxygen. In an embodiment, non-deoxygenated water may be deoxygenated by passing it through a deoxygenating membrane. In this embodiment, the non-deoxygenated water may be deoxygenated by subjecting the non-deoxygenated water to vacuum degassing. do.

[0046] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include producing virgin ion exchange resin material. Deoxygenated water with a concentration of dissolved oxygen effective to reduce the rate of oxidation deterioration of virgin For example, rinsing the ion exchange resin material with virgin ion exchange resin material may be included. and removing the oxidatively degraded water from the first volume of water treated with the method of claim 1, such that the first volume of water treated with the method has less than about 10 ppb total organic carbon. In some embodiments, virgin ion exchange resin material may be placed in a vessel. A first body of water treated by the virgin ion exchange resin material after maintaining the first body of water at 100° C. for a predetermined period of time. The rate of oxidative degradation may be reduced to have a total organic carbon product of less than about 10 ppb.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first portion of the water treated with the virgin ion exchange resin material is The rate of oxidative degradation may be reduced to have a volumetric sulfate content of less than about 10 ppb. In some embodiments, the first volume of water treated with the virgin ion exchange resin material comprises The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced to have less than about 10 ppb of chloride. After maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material for a predetermined period of time, The first volume of water treated with the method comprises detecting less than about 10 ppb sulfate and / or detecting less than about 10 ppb sulfate. The rate of oxidative degradation can be reduced by providing at least 100% chloride. The individual components in untreated virgin resin are: The organic sulfates and chlorides can decompose to form ionic chlorides and sulfates. These compounds leave behind ionic chlorides and sulfates that can be analyzed using conventional methods. and can be measured analytically by UV light, which breaks down the organic compounds.

[0048] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is stored in the container for at least about six months. After maintaining for about 1 hour, the first volume of water treated by the virgin ion exchange resin material is about 1. Less than 0 ppb total organic carbon, less than about 10 ppb sulfate, and / or less than about 10 ppb Having a full chloride content may slow down the rate of oxidative degradation.

[0049] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include opening the container and removing virgin iodine. The method may further include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. After the material is maintained in the container for a predetermined time, the container is opened, and the virgin ion exchange resin material is For example, the method may further include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. After keeping the container in the container for at least about 6 months, the container is opened and the virgin ion exchange resin material is The method may further include, prior to use, opening the container and removing the virgin ink. Rinse the ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated and / or deionized water (deoxygenated or non-deoxygenated). This may include

[0050] According to another aspect, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. A method to facilitate on-site water treatment is to rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. The method may include producing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method includes introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container. The method may include sealing the container. In some embodiments, the method includes A gas-impermeable container containing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material and residual moisture is placed in the container. The residual moisture content may include, for example, providing the water to a water treatment facility, such as a water treatment facility. It may contain 50% moisture.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method for facilitating water treatment at a location in need thereof comprises administering to a patient a water treatment solution comprising about 10 Rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than pb The method for facilitating water treatment may include: basing the water with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 1 ppb. The method for facilitating water treatment may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. This involves rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a chlorine concentration of less than ppb. A method to facilitate water treatment is to use deoxygenated water with a chlorine concentration of about 1 ppb. This may include rinsing the ion exchange resin material.

[0052] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further comprise providing a procedure for: The method may include maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material in a sealed container for a predetermined period of time. For example, the method may include providing a procedure for storing the container in a sealed container until it is ready for use. The method may include providing a procedure for maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material in the container. In some embodiments, the method includes, for example, opening the container and removing virgin ion exchange material prior to use. The method may further include providing a step for rinsing the resin material with deoxygenated water. To open the container and rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material before use, e.g., in water treatment. The method may include providing a procedure for:

[0053] According to another aspect, a container is provided that includes virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. In some embodiments, the container may be sealed. In some embodiments, the container may contain about The container may contain deoxygenated water having less than 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. The container may contain less than about 10 ppb of salt. The water may include deoxygenated water having an oxygen source.

[0054] In some embodiments, the container may include a packaged drying medium. For example, the container may include: The container may include a drying medium packaged within the container. In some embodiments, the container is gas impermeable. For example, the vessel may be constructed from stainless steel and epoxy-lined carbon fiber. The gypsum lath may be constructed from at least one of the following materials:

[0055] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be a cation exchange resin. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is an anion exchange resin or It may be a mixture of cation and anion exchange resins.

[0056] According to one aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method involves rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water and then The method includes producing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may further include introducing the rinsed virgin olive oil into a gas-impermeable container. The ion exchange resin material is introduced into a designated compartment of the container, e.g., a liquid impermeable compartment. The method may include detecting a preservative, an oxygen scavenging material, and / or an indicator of oxygen contamination. The method may include introducing the composition into a gas impermeable container. The method may further include sealing the container. The method may further include purging oxygen from the gas impermeable container. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises removing preservatives, oxygen scavenging materials, etc., prior to using the ion exchange resin. , and removing indicators of oxygen contamination.

[0057] A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is disclosed. The virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsed with deoxygenated water, and the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is The method may include subjecting the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material to a The method may include introducing the liquid into a liquid impermeable compartment of a gas impermeable container. This may include sealing.

[0058] According to certain embodiments, the method includes introducing an oxygen scavenging material into a gas impermeable container. The method may further include providing an oxygen barrier between an outer wall of the liquid impermeable compartment and an inner wall of the gas impermeable container. The method may include disposing a substrate removal material.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: subjecting the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material to a polyethylene At least one of the following: ethylene terephthalate, stainless steel, and epoxy-lined carbon steel The method may include introducing the mixture into a gas impermeable container comprising:

[0060] The method uses deoxygenated water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb to produce virgin ion-exchanged This may include rinsing the replacement resin material.

[0061] The method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material in the gas impermeable container. do.

[0062] According to another aspect, a method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The method comprises rinsing a virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water and removing the rinsed virgin ion The method may include producing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include introducing the oxygen scavenging material into a gas impermeable container. The oxygen scavenging material may be placed in a permeable container such that it is not in direct contact with moisture. The method may include sealing the container.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: subjecting the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material to a gas-impermeable treatment. The method may further include introducing the liquid into a liquid impermeable compartment of the permeable container. The method may include disposing an oxygen scavenging material between an outer wall of the enclosure and an inner wall of the gas impermeable enclosure.

[0064] According to certain embodiments, the oxygen scavenging material is a ferrous compound, catechol, ascorbic acid, Acid salts, ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbons , polyamide, or a combination thereof.

[0065] The method may further include introducing an indication of oxygen contamination. The indication of oxygen contamination is p Redox midpoint potential E of approximately -0.05 V to approximately +0.06 V at H7 and 25°C 0 have It can be a visual indicator.

[0066] According to another aspect, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. These methods include providing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water. The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is placed in a sealed gas-tight container with no liquid residue. It is placed in a transparent section.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method includes providing a gas impermeable container that does not directly contact the deoxygenated water. The method may further include providing an oxygen scavenging material disposed in a liquid impregnated state. Providing an oxygen scavenging material disposed between the outer wall of the permeable compartment and the inner wall of the gas impermeable container. The method may include: Vinyl acid, sodium bicarbonate, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbons, polyamide, and combinations thereof.

[0068] In some embodiments, the method comprises removing about 40% to about 50% of the virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include providing deoxygenated water in an amount of

[0069] The method can include providing deoxygenated water having less than about 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. .

[0070] In some embodiments, the method includes providing an indication of oxygen contamination within the gas impermeable container. and

[0071] According to another aspect, a sealed container is provided. The container has less than about 10 ppb of dissolved oxygen. The container may also contain virgin ion exchange resin material in the deoxygenated water. It may include.

[0072] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water is stored in a sealed container. It may be placed in a body impermeable compartment.

[0073] The oxygen scavenging material may be disposed between an outer wall of the liquid impermeable compartment and an inner wall of the container. The removal materials were ferrous compounds, catechol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and thorium, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbons, polyamides, and their combinations It may include a combination.

[0074] The vessel is constructed from polyethylene terephthalate, stainless steel, and epoxy-lined carbon The material may be constructed from materials comprising at least one of: steel.

[0075] The container may further comprise an indicator of oxygen contamination. The indicator of oxygen contamination is at pH 7 and 25° C. The redox midpoint potential E is approximately -0.05V to +0.06V. 0 The device may include a visual indicator having .

[0076] As used herein, "virgin ion exchange resin" material is unused or unconsumed. Virgin ion exchange resin material refers to a newly manufactured resin. Used wood and / or oils that have been treated to meet the specifications required for new use. For example, raw or unrefined resin can be treated with high purity water to Used resins can also be treated with strong acids or bases for new use. Virgin ion exchange resin materials can be regenerated for reuse by The present invention includes a mixture of cation exchange resin, anion exchange resin, and a mixture of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin. It is possible.

[0077] According to yet another aspect, a method for producing a virgin ion exchange resin material comprising washing the virgin ion exchange resin material. A system and method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material is provided. The ion-exchange resin material may be washed with a preparation comprising a suitable detergent.

[0078] As used herein, "washed ion exchange resin" material refers to a material that is free of water-insoluble oxygen-containing impurities. It may refer to an ion exchange resin material that has been treated for the removal of Water-insoluble oxygen-containing impurities are oxygen-decomposed contaminants with a water solubility of less than about 10.0 g / L. The water insoluble oxygen-containing impurities may be less than about 7.0 g / L, less than about 5.0 g / L, less than about 4. Less than .0g / L, less than about 3.0g / L, less than about 2.0g / L, less than about 1.0g / L, or may have a water solubility of less than about 0.5 g / L.

[0079] The washed ion exchange resin is free of oxygen-containing impurities or contaminants at concentrations less than about 50 ppb. which can be measured as oxygen-containing total organic carbon (TOC). The washed ion exchange resin has a TOC content of less than 40 ppb and an acid content of less than 30 ppb. TOC with oxygen less than 25ppb; TOC with oxygen less than 20ppb; TOC with Oxygen < 5ppb, TOC with Oxygen < 10ppb, or < 5ppb The concentration of oxygen-containing TOC in the ion exchange resin is generally The amount of detergent used may depend on the particular detergent, the concentration of detergent in the formulation, and the cleaning method used.

[0080] The water-insoluble oxygen-containing impurities may generally be oxidized derivative molecules of the resin material. According to an embodiment, the ion exchange resin material may be a polystyrene-based resin material. Exemplary oxidized derivative molecules of styrene-based resin materials include benzaldehyde and aldehydes. Other derivative molecules include cetophenone, which is an oxidant of polystyrene or other resins. Such oxidized molecules may result from degradation. Such oxidized molecules may also be removed by the methods disclosed herein. It can be removed.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the ion exchange resin material contains one or more antioxidants from the manufacture. For example, a polystyrene-based resin may contain orthoxylene. Exemplary oxidized derivative molecules of oxidizing agents include 5-methyl-3-hexanone, methoxyphenyl Oxime, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, benzenemethanimine, and tributylamine Other oxidized derivative molecules include those derived from the oxidative degradation of orthoxylene or other resin species. Such oxidized molecules may similarly be removed by the methods disclosed herein. It is possible.

[0082] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing impurity is 5-methyl-3-hexanone, methoxy Phenyloxime, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, benzenemethanimine, and tributylamine.

[0083] Rinsing the ion exchange resin material with water removes water-soluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants. It can be removed.

[0084] The embodiments disclosed herein incorporate ion exchange resin material that has been rinsed with deionized water. Deoxygenated water is water that has been treated to remove molecular oxygen, e.g., dissolved oxygen. Generally, non-deoxygenated water has more than about 1 ppm molecular dissolved oxygen, and up to about 20 ppm. Dissolved oxygen in water is determined by temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, Dissolved oxygen concentration can vary with changes in concentration and pressure. The amount of acetylcholine in the acetylcholine can be measured by one or more of the following methods: The embodiment is adapted to measure temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, and water One or more measurements of dissolved oxygen concentration may be incorporated.

[0085] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further include producing deoxygenated water. The deoxygenated water may further include, for example, water obtained by deoxygenating non-deoxygenated water from a source of non-deoxygenated water. Deoxygenated water can be produced by treating non-deoxygenated water to remove dissolved oxygen. In some embodiments, the deoxygenated non-deoxygenated water may be produced by: At least about 75% of the dissolved oxygen can be removed by deoxygenating non-deoxygenated water. At least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least At least about 95%, at least about 99%, or about 100% may be removed from the non-deoxygenated water. When deoxygenated water is deoxygenated, about 90% to 100% of the dissolved oxygen is removed from the non-deoxygenated water. Non-deoxygenated water includes deionized water, ultrapure water, high purity water, distilled water, microfiltered water, ultrafiltered water, etc. Water, water that has undergone reverse osmosis or ultraviolet oxidation, granular activated carbon treated water, or water that has been treated to remove contaminants The term "water" may include water that has been treated in other ways for purification or for other purposes.

[0086] Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by passing it through a deoxygenation membrane. For example, the deoxygenation membrane may be Liqui-Cel® membrane contactors (3M Industrial, Maplewood, Minnesota) Simply put, the oxygen scavenging membrane is a membrane that removes oxygen from a liquid with a mass transfer driving force. According to Henry's law, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid at equilibrium is The amount of gas in the liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase in contact with the liquid. At 100°C and 1 atm, the equilibrium water has about 8.5 ppm of dissolved oxygen and 14.5 ppm of dissolved nitrogen. It reduces the partial pressure of gases in contact with the liquid. By doing so, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid can be correspondingly reduced. This can be reduced by lowering the total pressure of the gas phase or by changing the concentration of the gas in the gas phase. Each of these modifications is applied to the gas side of the membrane, driving the dissolved gas out of the liquid through the membrane. It can be extracted.

[0087] Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by subjecting it to vacuum degassing. This can be accomplished in a column or a dedicated vacuum chamber. The total pressure of the gas phase can be reduced by applying a vacuum to the gas. The gas may displace dissolved gases from liquids in contact with the gas.

[0088] Non-deoxygenated water can be deoxygenated by exposing it to an oxygen-scavenging resin. The grease may be contained in a column or other device. In some embodiments, the oxygen scavenging resin may include a catalyst. The catalyst may comprise a metal halide. In some embodiments, the catalyst The catalyst may comprise sodium chloride. The catalyst may comprise palladium or a palladium compound, e.g., salt The metal ion may include palladium oxide.

[0089] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include producing virgin ion exchange resin material. Deoxygenated water containing a concentration of dissolved oxygen effective to reduce the rate of oxidation degradation of virgin ions. Generally, the reduction in the rate of oxidative degradation is due to the stability of the resin, the liquid The purification ability of the body, the speed of cross-linking decomposition is reduced, the incidence of impurities is reduced, and the purity of the beads is improved. and / or may contribute to reducing the concentration of ionic contaminants in the treated liquid. In some embodiments, the stabilized ion exchange resin is capable of withstanding a predetermined storage period, e.g., at least Over a 6 month storage period, the crosslink degradation rate may be reduced from about 90% to about 70%. The stabilized ion exchange resins showed a decrease in the cross-linking decomposition rate of about 100% and a decrease in the cross-linking decomposition rate of about 9%. 0% decrease in crosslink decomposition rate, approximately 80% decrease in crosslink decomposition rate, approximately 70% decrease in crosslink decomposition rate, or The percent reduction in degradation (and decrosslinking) can be attributed to the presence of oxidation. The concentration of agents and the presence of iron and other metals in or on the resin that act as catalysts for decomposition. It may depend on the concentration of the genus.

[0090] Water-insoluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants are washed from the ion exchange resin material with a surfactant. In some embodiments, water insoluble oxygen-containing impurities and Contaminants can be removed with a detergent, for example a non-ionic detergent.

[0091] The embodiments disclosed herein include a preparation comprising a non-ionic detergent and a washing ion exchanger. The preparation may be an aqueous preparation or may contain a buffer or other solvent. Detergents generally contain surfactants, often in dilute solutions, that have cleaning properties. In some embodiments, the non-ionic detergent includes polyoxyethylene (POE), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or uncharged parent Suitable non-ionic detergents may include, for example, Ethoxylated octylphenol, polysorbates, polyoxyethylene and their Metabolites are included.

[0092] Detergents are often foaming agents. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant or detergent is the concentration above which micelles form. Thus, above the CMC The surfactant may begin to form bubbles, which may lead to oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin. According to certain embodiments, the preparation comprises a surfactant or For example, according to certain embodiments, the preparation may comprise about 0.125 g / L of a detergent. The surfactant or detergent may comprise ethoxylated octylphenol at a concentration of less than C. The MC can vary with temperature and pressure. As disclosed herein, exemplary CMCs are is for preparation at about room temperature (25° C.) and at about atmospheric pressure.

[0093] Additionally or alternatively, water insoluble oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants may be ion-exchanged. The exchanged resin material can be removed by washing with an alcohol solvent.

[0094] The embodiments disclosed herein include a washing ion exchange with a formulation comprising an alcohol solvent. The preparation may be an aqueous preparation or may contain buffers or Other solvents may be included. Alcohol solvents may be slightly polar, and these may be mixed with non-polar hydrocarbons. , polar organic molecules, and certain ionic compounds. Solvents include, for example, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, Isooctanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol Contains alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia. It is possible.

[0095] Isopropanol absorbs most of the ion exchange resin while removing non-water soluble contaminants. Since it is non-toxic, it can be used as a solvent and a cleaning agent for ion exchange resins. According to the embodiment, the preparation may comprise less than 2.0% isopropanol. For example, the preparation is less than about 1.5% isopropanol, less than about 1.0% isopropanol, less than about 0.5 % isopropanol, or less than about 0.25% isopropanol.

[0096] In some embodiments, the stabilized ion exchange resin may be oxidized after a certain storage period, e.g., After a storage period of at least six months, e.g. aluminum, copper, iron, sodium, and lead Contains less than about 100 ppm of metal impurities (dry weight) and / or total organic carbon, e.g. Approximately 10 ppm of organic impurities (soaked matter) including total organic carbon (TOC), sulfates, and chlorides. Specifically, the stabilized ion exchange resin may have a concentration of about 50 ppm or less, about 40 ppm or less. or less, about 30 ppm or less, about 20 ppm or less, about 10 ppm or less, about 5 ppm or less, or The stabilized ion exchange resin may have iron impurities of about 5 ppm or less. less than about 4 ppm, less than about 3 ppm, TOC less than about 2 ppm, less than about 1 ppm, less than about 0.5 ppm, less than about 0.1 ppm , sulfate, or chloride impurities, or less than about 1 ppb TOC, and even less than about 0 These concentrations may include less than 0.5 ppb TOC. Analytical measurements are made in the rinse water that the grease is soaked in and TOC is measured in the effluent water. The TOC is measured to less than 1 ppb, or even less than 0.5 ppb. In this embodiment, the stabilized ion exchange resin material stored for a predetermined storage period may be, for example, purity of the fluid, the concentration of impurities, and / or the concentration of ionic contaminants in the treated fluid; It may be substantially similar to new or regenerated ion exchange resin material.

[0097] The methods disclosed herein may include a predetermined storage period. The predetermined storage period is generally The storage period may include any time that the ion exchange resin is held in the sealed container. Any use for storing, handling, transporting, or maintaining ion exchange resins in a sealed container. As used herein, a given storage period is a storage period of at least about 15 days. , a shelf life of at least about 30 days, a shelf life of at least about 1 month, a shelf life of at least about 2 months a shelf life of at least about 3 months, a shelf life of at least about 6 months, A storage period of at least about 9 months, a storage period of at least about 12 months, a storage period of at least about 18 months The storage period may include a shelf life of at least about 24 months.

[0098] In some embodiments, the oxidative degradation rate of virgin ion exchange resin material is The first volume of water treated with the ion exchange resin material has a TOC content of less than about 1 ppb to about 10 In some embodiments, virgin ion may be reduced to contain less than ppb TOC. After the ion exchange resin material is kept in the container for a predetermined period of time, the virgin ion exchange resin material is The first volume of treated water contains less than about 1 ppb TOC to less than about 10 ppb TOC. For example, the first volume of water to be treated may be about 3 Less than 0ppb TOC, Less than about 20ppb TOC, Less than about 10ppb TOC, Less than about 5ppb pb TOC, less than about 1 ppb TOC, less than about 0.5 ppb TOC, or less than about 0 It may have a TOC of less than .1 ppb.

[0099] A first volume of water to be treated with an ion exchange resin material as disclosed herein. was initially observed once the ion exchange resin material was placed in a line to treat water. In some embodiments, the treated ion exchange resin material may be soaked or rinsed. The concentration of the contaminant in the first volume of water is measured from the water in contact with the ion exchange resin material. In other embodiments, the concentration of the contaminant in the first volume of water to be treated may be determined as: For example, water may be diluted or concentrated in a downstream process by contacting it with an ion exchange resin material. In some embodiments, the water may be at least about 100, about 200, or In such an embodiment, the dilution water or concentrated solution may be diluted or concentrated by a factor of about 300. The undiluted or unconcentrated concentrations of contaminants estimated from the concentrations measured in the water Thus, the concentration of the contaminant in the first volume of treated water can be determined. As disclosed in, the concentration of the contaminant in the first volume of treated water is determined based on the concentration of undiluted and unconcentrated contaminant. The first volume of treated water may be, for example, about 25 gallons to about 150 gallons. In some embodiments, undiluted, concentrated, or The first volume of treated water is about 25 gallons, about 50 gallons, about 75 gallons, about 100 gallons, 100 gallons, about 125 gallons, or about 150 gallons of treated water. The first 15-20 resin bed volumes of rinse water passing through the resin material are used to remove organic sulfates and organic salts. The water may contain high ppb or low ppm levels of organic matter, including chlorine.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first portion of the water treated with the virgin ion exchange resin material is The rate of oxidative degradation may be reduced to contain less than about 10 ppb of sulfate by volume. The rate of degradation of the resin is affected by temperature, nuclear radiation, oxidation, and / or metals present on the resin. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be treated with water. The rate of oxidative degradation may be reduced such that the first volume comprises less than about 10 ppb chloride. After maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material in the vessel for a predetermined period of time, the virgin ion exchange resin material is The first volume of water treated with the resin material has less than about 10 ppb of sulfate and / or may reduce the rate of oxidative degradation to have less than about 10 ppb chloride. For example, The first volume of water to be treated has less than about 30 ppb sulfate or chloride, less than about 20 ppb less than about 10 ppb sulfate or chloride; less than about 5 ppb sulfur Salts or chlorides, 1 ppb of sulfates or chlorides, less than about 0.5 ppb of sulfates or chloride, or about 0.1 ppb of sulfate or chloride.

[0101] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is stored in a container for a predetermined storage period, e.g. For example, virgin ion exchange resin material after being maintained for at least about six months is treated. The first volume of water has less than about 10 ppb TOC, less than about 10 ppb sulfate, and / or may reduce the rate of oxidative degradation to contain less than about 10 ppb chloride.

[0102] In some embodiments, the deoxygenated water may contain less than about 0.1 ppm of dissolved oxygen. , deoxygenated water is less than about 0.1 ppm, less than about 50 ppb, less than about 40 ppb, less than about 30 ppb Less than about b, Less than about 20 ppb, Less than about 10 ppb, Less than about 8 ppb, Less than about 6 ppb, Less than about 5 Less than ppb, less than about 4 ppb, less than about 3 ppb, less than about 2 ppb, less than about 1 ppb, or may have less than about 0.5 ppb of dissolved oxygen.

[0103] Deoxygenation removes other dissolved gases in the water, such as dissolved carbon dioxide, dissolved nitrogen, and Other ambient air gases may be removed. In some embodiments, the deoxygenated water has a pH of about 0. It may contain less than 1 ppm of dissolved carbon dioxide or nitrogen. For example, deoxygenated water may contain less than about 0. Less than 1 ppm, Less than about 50 ppb, Less than about 40 ppb, Less than about 30 ppb, About 20 ppb Less than about 10ppb, Less than about 8ppb, Less than about 6ppb, Less than about 5ppb, Less than about 4ppb less than about b, less than about 3 ppb, less than about 2 ppb, less than about 1 ppb, or less than about 0.5 ppb of dissolved carbon dioxide or dissolved nitrogen.

[0104] The methods disclosed herein treat deoxygenated or non-deoxygenated water to remove oxidizable contaminants. Deoxygenated or non-deoxygenated water may contain small amounts of other oxidizing contaminants, e.g. For example, it may comprise chlorine, chloramine, and / or hydrogen peroxide. Deoxygenated or non-deoxygenated water It is treated with membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, high purity reducing agents (such as sodium bisulfite), or granular activated carbon. In some embodiments, deoxygenated water or For example, deoxygenated water may have less than about 0.1 ppm chlorine. Less than 1 ppm, Less than about 50 ppb, Less than about 40 ppb, Less than about 30 ppb, About 20 ppb Less than about 10ppb, Less than about 8ppb, Less than about 6ppb, Less than about 5ppb, Less than about 4ppb less than about b, less than about 3 ppb, less than about 2 ppb, less than about 1 ppb, or less than about 0.5 ppb The chlorine, chloramine, and hydrogen peroxide may be included.

[0105] The method disclosed herein involves placing virgin ion exchange resin material in a gas impermeable container. Rinse the virgin ion exchange resin material by introducing deoxygenated water and removing it from the container. It may include removing pore (oxygen) water. For example, with virgin ion exchange resin material. The container is filled with deoxygenated water, the deoxygenated water is substantially drained, and the deoxygenated water is replaced with the oxygenated water. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include obtaining rinsed virgin ion. As disclosed herein, the present invention can include maintaining the moisture content in the ion exchange resin material. Moisture content can refer to the amount of liquid or water contained in a material. Moisture content is determined by the amount of liquid (e.g. It is calculated as the ratio of the mass of the solids (e.g., ion exchange resin) in the sample to the mass of the water (e.g., water) in the sample. Interstitial water is the water in the voids between the individual resin beads. Moisture is the moisture or hydration within the resin beads measured in percent moisture. Plastics (and other materials) have an inherent amount of moisture within the material that can dry out, resulting in a difference in weight. The deoxygenation portion of the method disclosed herein places both oxygenated water in place. Replace or remove.

[0106] In some embodiments, the method further comprises adding at least one fluorine atom to the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method includes maintaining a moisture content of at least about 20% by weight of the rinsed ion exchange resin material. At least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50% %, at least about 60%, or at least about 70% moisture content. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining the moisture content in the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The method includes maintaining the amount of ion exchange resin in the rinsed ion exchange resin material at less than about 50%. Moisture content is less than about 80%, less than about 70%, less than about 60%, less than about 50%, less than about 40%, or or less than about 30%. In some embodiments, the method comprises: The moisture content of the virgin ion exchange resin material is set to about 20% to about 80%, about 30% to about 60%. or about 40% to about 50%. While the container is sealed, e.g. Containers containing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material are handled, stored, or transported. During this time, residual moisture content may be maintained in the virgin ion exchange resin material. In an embodiment, the moisture content is determined by stabilizing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material over time. For example, moisture content can contribute to a slowing down of the rate of oxidative degradation of virgin ion exchange resin material. Can be given.

[0107] Higher cross-linking of resins can prevent the dominance of oxidative degradation. The TOC level will drop over a period of time due to the presence of organic compounds. This effect is due to the acid This can be countered by continued exposure to the agent.

[0108] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include opening the container and removing virgin iodine. The method may further include rinsing the ion exchange resin material. After the virgin ion exchange resin material is kept in the container for a predetermined period of time, the container is opened and the virgin ion exchange resin material is extracted. For example, the method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. After keeping the container in the container for at least about 6 months, the container is opened and the virgin ion exchange and rinsing the exchange resin material. The method may further include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. , and may be rinsed with deoxygenated water prior to use. In some embodiments, virgin ion exchange resin The material may be pretreated prior to use with any of the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved gases, or The virgin ion exchange resin material may be rinsed with deoxygenated water having no oxidizing contaminants. Before rinsing with deoxygenated water produced by any of the methods previously disclosed herein, It is possible.

[0109] According to another aspect, a method is provided for facilitating water treatment at a location where it is needed. Examples of places that require this include nuclear power plants, microelectronics manufacturing, and semiconductor manufacturing. manufacturing, food manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical processing, and metal extraction or ion exchange water treatment technology The present invention may be relevant to any location requiring water treatment that could benefit from this.

[0110] A method to facilitate on-site water treatment is rinsing in deoxygenated water, as previously described herein. The method may include providing a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. The exchange resin material may be provided in a sealed, gas-impermeable container. The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is provided in a liquid impermeable compartment of a sealed container. The method further comprises detecting one or more of a preservative, an oxygen scavenging material, or an indicator of oxygen contamination. The method may include providing the above in a sealed container.

[0111] A method to facilitate on-site water treatment is to wash the washed sludge in deoxygenated water as described previously herein. providing a virgin ion exchange resin material. The material may be a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material. The resin-based resin material is decomposed to release oxygen-containing impurities and contaminants into the total organic carbon (TOC) In some embodiments, the washed virgin ion exchange resin is provided. The grease material may have less than about 25 ppb of oxygen-containing TOC species. Virgin ion exchange resin material has an oxygen-containing TOC of less than about 20 ppb, and an oxygen-containing TOC of less than about 15 ppb. TOC containing less than about 10 ppb oxygen, or TOC containing less than about 5 ppb oxygen It may have a TOC.

[0112] The washed virgin ion exchange resin material may be placed in a sealed, gas impermeable container. In some embodiments, the washed virgin ion exchange resin material is stored in a liquid-impermeable sealed container. The method may further include providing a preservative, an oxygen scavenging material, or The method may include providing one or more of the following indicators of oxygen contamination: The material may be rinsed with deoxygenated water before or after cleaning.

[0113] Generally, methods to facilitate on-site water treatment involve the use of virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water. to produce a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. Alternatively or additionally, the method comprises removing virgin ion exchange resin material from a surfactant, detergent, or an alcohol solvent. This method may be as previously described herein. As shown, virgin ion exchange resin material is introduced into a gas impermeable container, the container is sealed, and oxygen is removed. The method of facilitating water treatment may include rinsing and / or purging the container. The gas-impermeable container comprising the washed virgin ion exchange resin material and residual moisture is then subjected to, e.g. In some embodiments, the water treatment may include providing the water to a location such as a water treatment site. The method provides procedures for using a container containing virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may further include:

[0114] As previously mentioned, the residual moisture content may include maintaining the moisture content of the rinsed ion exchange resin. For example, the residual moisture content may include a moisture content of about 40% to about 50%. About 20% to about 80%, about 30% to about 60%, or or from about 40% to about 50% moisture content, or any of the moisture contents mentioned above.

[0115] In some embodiments, the method for facilitating water treatment at the location where it is needed comprises deionizing Water, e.g., deionized water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb, virgin ion-exchanged In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may include rinsing the resin material. The feed may contain any concentration of dissolved oxygen, dissolved gas, or acid, as previously disclosed herein. It may be rinsed with deoxygenated water having no chemical contaminants.

[0116] In some embodiments, the method of facilitating water treatment at a location in need thereof includes, for example, Virgin ion exchange resin material in formulations with non-ionic detergent concentrations below its CMC For example, the method may include washing the feedstock with an ethylene glycol ether having a concentration of less than about 0.125 g / L. Washing virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation having methoxylated octylphenol - Patent application In some embodiments, the method may include preparing the solvent, for example, with an alcohol solvent. For example, the method may include washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with about 0. Wash virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation having an isopropanol concentration of less than 0.5%. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be purified by subjecting the material to Any concentration of surfactant, detergent, or alcohol solvent as previously disclosed herein. The composition may be washed with a preparation having the formula:

[0117] According to certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further comprise providing a procedure for: The method may include maintaining the virgin ion exchange resin material in a sealed container for a predetermined period of time. For example, the method may include providing a procedure for storing the device in a secret manner until it is ready for use. providing a procedure for maintaining virgin ion exchange resin material within the enclosure. The period of time specified may include any length of storage, handling, or other time required prior to use of the ion exchange resin. The predetermined period of time may include the time required for the injection and / or the transportation time. , may include any predetermined period of time.

[0118] The methods disclosed herein provide procedures for maintaining a sealed container under specified conditions. For example, the method can include disposing a container containing a cation exchange resin for at least about 21 minutes. Below 0°F (99°C), at least below about 200°F (93°C), or at least The method may include providing a procedure for maintaining a temperature below about 190° F. (88° C.). The method includes the step of mixing an anion exchange resin or a mixture of anion and cation exchange resins. Keep the container at a temperature of at least about 130°F (54°C) or at least about 120°F (49°C). C) and providing procedures for cooling to ambient temperature. The method may include providing a procedure for maintaining the sealed container at ambient pressure. Avoid temperature increases of more than 10°C, e.g. more than 7°C or more than 5°C. The method may include providing a procedure for determining whether the

[0119] In some embodiments, the method further comprises opening the container and, e.g., prior to use, removing virgin ion-exchanged The method may further include providing a step for rinsing the resin exchange material with deoxygenated water. As mentioned above, virgin ion exchange resin material can be treated with any concentration of dissolved oxygen, dissolved gas, or The method disclosed herein can be used to rinse the surface of the article immediately after use. In some embodiments, the method may include rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material prior to the addition of the virgin ion exchange resin material. The method comprises the steps of: preparing virgin ion exchange resin immediately prior to use while it is still contained within the container; For example, the method may include providing a procedure for rinsing the ion exchange resin material. Fill the vessel with water and remove the interstitial water from the vessel, thus obtaining virgin ion exchange resin material. The method may include providing a procedure for rinsing the material prior to use in, for example, water treatment. providing a procedure for opening the container and rinsing the virgin ion exchange resin material. obtain.

[0120] In some embodiments, the method of facilitating water treatment comprises the steps of: A procedure for returning containers may be included. Such a procedure reduces container waste and shortens operating times. It can be reduced.

[0121] According to another aspect, a container is provided that includes virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. In some embodiments, the container may be sealed. The container may have an opening with a hermetic seal. The container may further include an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and outlet may be sealed with an airtight seal. The inlet may be connected to a source of ion exchange resin material or a source of deoxygenated water. The outlet may be connected to a drain for the deoxygenated water or to a point of use for the ion exchange resin material. For example, the outlet may be connected to a hose configured to deliver the ion exchange resin material to a point of use. It may continue.

[0122] The vessel may be a container, tank, or the like configured to hold the ion exchange resin and the deoxygenated water. The vessel may be a container, a barrel, a basin, a chamber, or a receptacle. The vessel generally has a volume of about 2 0 cubic feet (0.57 m 3 ) ~ Approximately 50 cubic feet (1.42 m 3 ) For example, a container has a volume of about 20 cubic feet (0.57 m 3 ), 25 cubic feet (0 .71m 3 ), 30 cubic feet (0.85 m 3 ), 35 cubic feet (1.0 m 3 ), 40 cubic feet (1.13 m 3 ), 45 cubic feet (1.27 m 3 ), or 50 liters Foot (1.42m 3 The container generally requires an ion exchange resin material. The headroom may have a volume in which headroom restrictions associated with the location of the device can be observed.

[0123] In some embodiments, the container may be constructed from a gas impermeable material. For example, the vessel may be constructed of stainless steel and epoxy lined. The container may be constructed from or lined with at least one of carbon steel. The vessel may be constructed from or lined with polyethylene terephthalate. Traditionally, storage and transport containers for ion exchange resins are constructed from fiber, plastic, or wood. Such materials are relatively inexpensive, but are not gas impermeable and may cause leakage of gases within the container. This can contribute to the oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin material. Furthermore, conventional materials have low flash points. In certain locations requiring ion exchange resin materials, they may be considered unsafe and / or undesirable. This may not be desirable.

[0124] The container may comprise one or more compartments. According to certain embodiments, the container is liquid impermeable. The virgin ion exchange resin and the deoxygenated water are packed in a liquid impermeable compartment. The liquid impermeable compartment provides a head space or interstitial space between the resin beads and the water. In some embodiments, the liquid impermeable compartment is substantially free of deoxygenated water. In some embodiments, the liquid impermeable The compartment may also be gas impermeable. The liquid impermeable compartment may be made of the gas impermeable materials described above. Alternatively, the liquid impermeable section may be constructed from a polymeric material that is liquid impermeable. In some embodiments, one or more of the compartments may be integral with the container. In other embodiments, one or more compartments are removable from the container. For example, The liquid impermeable compartment containing the ion exchange resin is provided with an ion exchange resin packing that is removable from the container. It can be a decoration.

[0125] In some embodiments, the container contains any concentration of dissolved oxygen, as previously described herein. , dissolved gases, or oxidizing contaminants. In some embodiments, the container may contain a void volume of deoxygenated water. The water content may comprise deoxygenated water, for example, as previously described herein.

[0126] The container or a compartment thereof may comprise a void space of a given volume, e.g. The image shows the interstitial void space between the ion exchange resin beads and / or the headspace. In some embodiments, the void space is limited. The resin beads may have substantially no head space between them and / or may have limited head space. Restricting voids can be achieved by reducing the amount of void space that can be stored, handled, or transported within the container. This may contribute to the stability of the ion exchange resin to be used.

[0127] In some embodiments, the container may include a preservative. The container may include a packaged dry medium. For example, the container may include a packaged desiccant medium contained within the container. The drying medium may be configured to remove oxygen from the void space within the container. In one embodiment, the desiccant / oxygen scavenging medium is a fiber having a porous design that can allow oxygen exchange. Packaged in a fiberglass.

[0128] The preservative or desiccant / oxygen scavenging medium may be an oxygen scavenging material. The oxygen scavenging material may be capable of removing or reducing the level of oxygen within the sealed container. In some embodiments, the oxygen scavenging material is in the form of an oxygen scavenging compound. For example, the oxygen scavenging material can be an oxidizing compound. In some embodiments, Oxygen scavenging materials include ferrous compounds, catechol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, and carbonate. Sodium hydrogen, citrus extract, oxidase, unsaturated hydrocarbons, polyamides, or The oxygen scavenging material may further include a catalyst to promote oxidation. For example, The oxygen scavenging material may include a metal halide catalyst. The oxygen scavenging material may include sodium chloride. Or it may contain palladium.

[0129] The oxygen scavenging material may be packaged in a gas-permeable container. The gas-permeable container may be water-permeable or The gas-permeable container may be a gas-permeable pouch, a perforated container, a fabric container, a thick The container may comprise a paper or cardboard container, or a polymeric container. In other embodiments, the oxygen scavenging material The oxygen scavenging material may be part of a packaging film or structure. For example, the oxygen scavenging material may be a part of a container structure. The gas permeable container may be a container that holds the ion exchange resin. In some embodiments, the gas permeable container may be attached to a liquid impermeable compartment. In some embodiments, the liquid impermeable section may be included on a layered strip around the liquid impermeable section. A portion of the body impermeable compartment may be removable to expose the oxygen scavenging material.

[0130] The container may include an indicator of oxygen contamination. In some embodiments, the indicator is provided on the transparent packaging. In the case of a reduced form, the redox indicator can be a first color. When exposed to a given concentration of an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, the redox indicator becomes oxidized and turns a second color. Thus, the redox indicator can provide a visual indication of oxygen contamination within the container. An indicator of oxygen contamination is that it reacts with potential oxidizers inside the container, but does not react with the outside of the container. The indicator may be positioned to be visible, for example through a window. It can be viewed without opening the

[0131] The indication of oxygen contamination is a reduction potential of about -0.05 V to about +0.06 V at pH 7 and 25°C. Original midpoint potential E 0 For example, the indication of oxygen contamination is approximately -0 at pH 7 and 25°C. .05V to approximately -0.04V, approximately -0.02V to approximately +0.02V, or approximately +0.05 Redox midpoint potential E from +0.06V 0 Indicators of oxygen contamination may include, for example, The antibacterial agent may comprise dibenzotetrasulfonic acid, methylene blue, or thionine.

[0132] Preservatives, oxygen scavenging materials, or indicators of oxygen contamination may be used, either independently or together, in the container as specified. In some embodiments, preservatives, oxygen scavenging materials, or acids may be placed in a separate compartment. Indicators of oxygen contamination are in gas-impermeable containers, but are used to hold ion exchange resin and deoxygenated water. Generally, preservatives, oxygen scavenging materials, or acid-resistant materials may be placed on the outside of the liquid-impermeable compartment. The indicator of the elemental contamination can be positioned so that it is not in direct contact with moisture. In an embodiment, the preservative, oxygen scavenging material, or indicator of oxygen contamination is a ion exchange resin and a desorber. It may be disposed between the outer wall of the liquid-impermeable compartment that holds the oxygen water and the inner wall of the gas-impermeable container. do.

[0133] In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material may be a cation exchange resin. In some embodiments, the virgin ion exchange resin material is an anion exchange resin. In yet another embodiment, the virgin ion exchange resin material is a mixture of cation exchange resin and cation exchange resin. The storage conditions of the container, e.g., temperature, pressure, and / or The concentration of dissolved gases in deoxygenated or oxygenated water varies depending on the type of ion exchange resin contained in the container. For example, the anion resin can generally be run to greater than about 0.05 ppm free chlorine. At supply temperatures of about 5°C to about 10°C, standard cross-linked anion exchange resins are The resin may be capable of withstanding free chlorine levels up to about 0.3 ppm and is highly Crosslinked anion resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to approximately 0.5 ppm and the macroporous anion resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to about 1 ppm. At feed temperatures of about 20° C. to about 30° C., the standard crosslinking anion The resin may be capable of withstanding free chlorine levels of only less than 0.1 ppm and is highly crosslinked. The anion resins designed for this purpose are capable of withstanding free chlorine levels up to about 0.1 ppm. The macroporous anion resin can withstand free chlorine levels up to about 0.5 ppm. Some cation exchange resins, such as those available from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, DIAION(R) SK1B resin is approximately 0.6m thick at temperatures of approximately 5°C to approximately 10°C. g / L of free chlorine and approximately 0.1 mg / L of free chlorine at temperatures between approximately 20°C and approximately 25°C. The presence of catalytic agents such as iron or copper can severely degrade the resin. This can reduce the level of oxidizing agents to which the resin can be exposed without increasing the oxidation rate.

[0134] According to another aspect, a system is provided that includes a container containing virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. The container may be gas impermeable and may be sealable, as described above. The vessel may be connected or connectable downstream to a source of deoxygenated water. , may be connected or connectable downstream of the source of ion exchange resin material. In some embodiments, the vessel may be or may be connected upstream of a drain for used deoxygenated water. The vessel may be connected, for example via a hose, to the point of use of virgin ion exchange resin material. may be connected or connectable upstream of.

[0135] In some embodiments, the system includes an oxygen monitor. The oxygen monitor monitors the oxygen in the container. The system may be connected to a degasser, and may be configured to measure the oxygen concentration in the container. For example, an in-line degasser may be provided. The degasser may be an oxygen scavenging membrane. The oxygen membrane was a Liqui-Cel® membrane contactor (3M Industrial Group, Maple Leaf). The degasser may be provided by Gasoline Refrigerators, Inc. (Lukewood, Minn.). The degasser may be a vacuum degasser. The degasser may be a column or other device containing an oxygen scavenging resin. In some embodiments, the oxygen scavenging resin may include a catalyst. The catalyst may include a metal halide. In some embodiments, the catalyst is sodium chloride. The catalyst may comprise palladium or a palladium compound, such as palladium chloride. The degasser may be fluidly connected or connectable upstream of the vessel. The degasser may be fluidly connected or connectable downstream of a source of non-deoxygenated water. , may be configured to deoxygenate non-deoxygenated water.

[0136] The system may further include a sensor or monitor, such as a pressure sensor or a temperature gauge. The sensor and / or monitor may be disposed upstream of the vessel and may include a sensor and / or monitor for detecting deoxygenated water or configured to measure the temperature, pressure, pH, conductivity, and / or composition of non-deoxygenated water. The sensors and / or monitors may be electrically connected to the control module. The control module responds to measurements received from the sensors and / or monitors by: The control module may be configured to control one or more parameters of the in-line degasser. The oxygen monitor may be connected to the control module. The in-line degasser may be configured to control one or more parameters in response to the setpoint. do.

[0137] As shown in FIG. 1, a container 100 contains virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. The container 100 may have an opening 110, an inlet 120, and an outlet 130. The inlet may be connected to a source of deoxygenated water 14. 0 or a source of ion exchange resin material 150. The outlet may be connected to a drain 16 0 or may be connectable to a point of use of the ion exchange resin material 170.

[0138] As shown in FIG. 2, the system 200 includes an opening 110, an inlet 120, and an outlet 130. The system may include a vessel 100 having an oxygen monitor 210, a degasser 220, a The system may further include a sensor or monitor 230, and a control module 240.

[0139] As shown in FIG. 3, a container 100 holds virgin ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water. The container may have a compartment 105 configured to hold a preservative or oxygen scavenging material. 180 may be located in the interstitial space outside of the compartment 105. The oxygen contamination indicator 190 may be located in the container 100 through an observation window 195. The vessel in FIG. For example, the vessel may have an inlet and an outlet (not shown) for ion exchange resin and desorption. It may include an inlet or outlet in fluid communication with a liquid impermeable container that holds the oxygenated water. EXAMPLES

[0140] (Example 1: Application of a gas-impermeable container with a cationic resin) In one exemplary application, cation exchange resins used in denitrification applications are deionized by removing nitrate from the resin prior to use. Previously, the resin was rinsed before being put into service, The wash water is discharged into a radioactive hot well, which is filled with acceptable phosphorus. The amount of water that can be extracted is limited. Furthermore, treatment of radioactive water from hot wells is expensive.

[0141] The use of a gas-impermeable container comprising an ion exchange resin material and deoxygenated water allows, for example, There is no limit to the amount of rinse water produced. Before use in non-hot areas of the plant, It may be possible to rinse the resin. The rinse water may flow to a common drain and the resin may flow into a hose. It can then be transported in a container in a radioactive area.

[0142] Example 2: Stability of stored virgin ion exchange resin material A study was conducted to test whether various methods reduce or prevent the degradation of ion exchange resins. After treating the ion exchange resin and storing it for a specified period, the deterioration of the resin was tested. Organic sulfate compounds (SO 4 ) concentration is measured using UV light to determine the degree of degradation of the resin. The adsorption was measured and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0143] As described above, experimental lot (E) was rinsed with deoxygenated water and placed in a gas-tight container equipped with an oxygen-removing pouch. The comparative lots (C) were processed and stored in various conventional ways.

[0144] [Table 1]

[0145] The results show that the ion exchange resins can be effectively treated and stored according to the methods disclosed herein. The experimental samples showed significantly lower SO than the comparative samples. 4 Therefore, the experimental sample showed a higher rate of increase compared to the conventional ion exchange resin sample. When compared and measured, it was found to be 20 to 1,500 times more stable. The method disclosed therein improves the stability of ion exchange resins after long-term storage.

[0146] Example 3: Effect of Temperature on Stored Virgin Ion Exchange Resin Material The experiment was conducted to test the rate of deterioration of ion exchange resin with increasing temperature. The ion exchange resin was heated in 500 mL of water for 1 week while bubbling air through the solution, and then The total organic carbon (TOC) was measured. Table 2 shows the ionic strength of the ions maintained at room temperature. This indicates the equivalent decomposition amount of the exchange resin.

[0147] [Table 2]

[0148] For every 10°C increase in temperature, compared to keeping the ion exchange resin at room temperature for the same amount of time, The decomposition rate increased by a factor of two. Therefore, temperature has no adverse effect on the decomposition rate of ion exchange resins. Thus, as disclosed herein, temperatures above 10° C. By limiting the increase in temperature, degradation can be reduced or prevented.

[0149] (Example 4: TOC reduction test) Batch tests were conducted to determine the appropriate cleaning agent for the ion exchange resin. 150 mL of industrial grade polystyrene in chloride form in 400 mL of deionized water The samples contained a base anion exchange resin and sample cleaning agents (at various concentrations). The sample was stirred at 60°C and 150 rpm for 2 hours. After stirring, the ion exchange resin sample was The samples were analyzed by UV / Vis spectroscopy at 1 and 2 h of stirring. The samples were scanned and then tested by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.

[0150] The detergents tested were isopropanol, ammonia, ethoxylated octylphenol, Triton TM X-100, Sigma-Aldrich Sales, St. Louis, Missouri ), ammonia peroxide (oxidant control), ethanolamine, methanol, and sodium percarbonate. An additional control was tested with high purity deionized water. The concentrations of the oxygen-containing TOC species were added together to determine the final concentration of TOC in the resin after washing. The results are shown graphically in Figures 4 and 5A-C.

[0151] Briefly, as shown in Figure 4, treatment with isopropanol reduced acid production compared to the water control. The ammonia treatment reduced the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC compared to the water control. C., and treatment with ethoxylated octylphenol had similar results to the water control. Treatment with ammonium peroxide control also produced results similar to the water control, Treatment with ethanolamine slightly increased the concentration of oxygenated TOC compared to the water control. , Treatment with methanol slightly increased the concentration of oxygenated TOC compared to the water control; Treatment with percarbonate significantly increased the concentration of oxygenated TOC compared to the water control.

[0152] It is noted that the test concentrations were above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the particular detergent. Therefore, ethoxylated octylphenols, ethanolamines, and methanoic Each cleaning agent in the series is used at low concentrations, e.g., below the critical micelle concentration (in the case of detergents). It is believed that this provides better results than the water control.

[0153] As shown in Figure 5A-C, percarbonate, isopropanol, and ethoxylated octyl Phenol was tested at two concentrations for comparison: 1 g and 1.91 g. Results for cleaning formulations with percarbonate (2.5g / L and 4.775g / L, respectively) The results are shown in Figure 5A. Percarbonate was found to be highly effective on the ion exchange resin at all tested and extrapolated concentrations. It is believed to increase oxidative deterioration.

[0154] 1 mL and 1.325 mL (0.25% and 0.33%, respectively) of isopropanol The results for the cleaning preparation with isopropanol are shown in Figure 5B. However, the lower concentration of isopropanol gave better results. Slightly better results were obtained; for example, washing with 0.33% isopropanol 0.16 μg of acetophenone was detected. , 0.14 μg of acetophenone was detected.

[0155] 0.1g and 0.2g (0.25g / L and 0.5g / L, respectively) of ethoxylate The results for the cleaning formulation with octyl fluoride are shown in Figure 5C. Ethoxylated octylphenol gave better results. For example, 0.5 g / When washed with 1 L ethoxylated octylphenol, 0.3 μg of acetophenone was detected. Washing with 0.25 g / L ethoxylated octylphenol reduced the The data shown in Figure 5C was taken at 0.05 g (0.125 g / ml). When extrapolated to ethoxylated octylphenol at a concentration of 1000 mg / kg, the concentration of oxygen-containing TOC is large. The concentration of ethoxylated octyl ester at 0.125 g / L drops dramatically and becomes almost negligible. Note that phenol is at its critical micelle concentration.

[0156] Therefore, many of the detergents tested are not effective in removing oxygen-containing impurities from ion exchange resins. Isopropanol and ethoxyoctylphenol can be used at lower concentrations. It is better at removing impurities. In particular, ethoxyoctylphenol has a critical micelle concentration of The following are believed to provide superior impurity removal: Other soluble alcohols and non-ionic detergents may provide similar results at dilute concentrations. is expected.

[0157] The phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. As used herein, the term "plurality" means two or more. Refers to the above items or components. The terms "comprises," "contains," and "includes" may appear in the specification or claims, etc. Regardless, it is an open-ended term, i.e., meaning "including but not limited to." Accordingly, use of such terms shall be construed as inclusive of the items enumerated thereafter and their equivalents. In relation to the claims, "consisting of" and "comprising" are meant to encompass the subject matter, as well as additional items. Only the transitional phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting essentially of" shall be used in closed or semi-closed sentences, respectively. A "first," "second," or "single" transitional phrase in a claim that modifies a claim element. The use of ordinal terms such as "third" does not, in and of itself, indicate the priority, precedence, or precedence of a claim element. It does not imply that the order or sequence of operations takes precedence over the time order in which other elements or actions of a procedure are performed. It is not intended to distinguish between a particular named claim element and another element of the same name. (but to use ordinary terminology) as labels to distinguish claim elements Used only for

[0158] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the parameters and configurations described herein are exemplary and that the actual parameters and configurations may vary. The data and / or configuration may vary depending on the particular application for which the disclosed methods and materials are used. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will also be able to easily implement the disclosed methods without using more than routine experimentation. Equivalents to the specific embodiments shown should be recognized or should be comprehensible. For example, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the methods and components thereof according to the present disclosure may be The network or system further includes an ion exchange resin or a gas impermeable container. It will be appreciated that the embodiments described herein may include, by way of example only, The present invention is presented solely for the purpose of illustration and should be understood to be within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof. The disclosed embodiments may be practiced other than as specifically described. The invention and methods are directed to each individual feature, system, or method described herein. Furthermore, any combination of two or more such features, systems, or methods. To the extent that such features, systems, or methods are not mutually inconsistent, they are within the scope of this disclosure. The steps of the methods disclosed herein may be performed in the order shown or in an alternate order. Methods may be performed that include additional or alternative acts or that incorporate one or more of the acts illustrated. may be omitted.

[0159] Further, it will be appreciated that various changes, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure. and is intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. may utilize any one or more aspects of the methods and systems described herein. Thus, in some instances, the system may be modified to incorporate existing Connecting or configuring equipment to perform a method for reducing the rate of oxidative degradation of ion exchange resins or as described herein, containing an ion exchange resin or a gas impermeable container. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only. Moreover, the depictions in the figures do not limit the disclosure to the particular illustrated representations.

[0160] Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been disclosed, as set forth in the following claims, , numerous modifications, additions, and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure and its equivalents. and deletion may occur.

Claims

1. 1. A method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material, comprising: A formulation having a concentration of non-ionic detergent below the critical micelle concentration of the non-ionic detergent. washing the virgin ion exchange resin material to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. and introducing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container; and sealing the container.

2. The method further comprises rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. The method according to claim 1.

3. The non-ionic detergents include ethoxylated octylphenols, polysorbates, polyisobutenes, and the like.

10. The method of claim 1, comprising at least one of the following: How to.

4. The preparation comprises less than about 0.125 g / L of ethoxylated octylphenol. The method according to claim 3.

5. The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is placed in a liquid impermeable container of the gas impermeable container. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of introducing.

6. 1. A method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material, comprising:

2. Washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent to obtain a washed Producing a virgin ion exchange resin material; introducing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable container; and sealing the container.

7. The method further comprises rinsing the washed virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. The method according to claim 6.

8. The alcohol solvent is isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol. , isooctanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia The method of claim 6 comprising at least one of:

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the preparation comprises less than about 0.5% isopropanol.

10. Introducing the washed virgin ion exchange resin into the liquid impermeable vessel of the gas impermeable vessel. The method of claim 5 , comprising the step of:

11. 1. A method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material, comprising: A formulation having a concentration of non-ionic detergent below the critical micelle concentration of the non-ionic detergent. washing the virgin ion exchange resin material to produce a washed virgin ion exchange resin material. and The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsed with deoxygenated water to obtain a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. and producing an ion-exchange resin material.

12. ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a concentration of dissolved oxygen of less than about 10 ppb.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of rinsing the material.

13. The non-ionic surfactant may be ethoxylated octylphenol, polysorbate, polysorbate, 11. The composition of claim 10, further comprising at least one of the following: polyoxyethylene and its metabolites. The method described above.

14. The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is introduced into a gas impermeable container and the container is The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of sealing.

15. 1. A method for stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material, comprising:

2. Washing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent to obtain a washed Producing a virgin ion exchange resin material; The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is rinsed with deoxygenated water to obtain a rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material. and producing an ion-exchange resin material.

16. Washing the washed ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than about 10 ppb. The method of claim 15 including a rinsing step.

17. The alcohol solvent is isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol. , isooctanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, and aqueous ammonia The method of claim 15 comprising at least one of:

18. The rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material is introduced into a gas impermeable container and the container is The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of sealing.

19. 1. A method for facilitating water treatment at a location in need thereof, comprising: providing a virgin ion exchange resin material that has been washed with deoxygenated water; The washed virgin ion exchange resin material is a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin material. and having less than about 25 ppb oxygen-containing total organic carbon species.

20. The washed virgin ion exchange resin is placed in a liquid impermeable compartment of a sealed gas impermeable container.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing a resin material and deoxygenated water.

21. an oxygen remover disposed between the outer wall of the liquid impermeable compartment and the inner wall of the gas impermeable container; 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising providing a removal material.

22. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising providing an indication of oxygen contamination.

23. providing deoxygenated water in an amount of about 40% to about 50% of the washed virgin ion exchange resin material; 20. The method of claim 19, comprising the step of:

24. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing deoxygenated water having less than about 10 ppb dissolved oxygen. The method described above.

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