Disaster prevention shelter

Abstract

To provide a disaster prevention shelter capable of securing safety in a case of an earthquake by constituting the shelter that floats on the water surface and has engaging parts of a shelter body part that are engaged with respective engaged parts of a plurality of support parts.SOLUTION: A disaster prevention shelter 1 comprises a shelter body part 2 the internal space of which can be used by a user, and a plurality of support parts 3 on which the shelter body part 2 is mounted. The shelter body 2 is able to float on the water surface in the same posture as the posture in which the shelter body part is mounted on the support parts 3, wherein the plurality support parts 3 are fixed on the ground surface, and have engaged parts 35b formed, and the shelter body part 2 has a plurality of engaging parts 27 formed at positions corresponding to the support parts 3. The engaging parts 27 and engaged parts 35b are engaged with each other to fix the shelter body part 2 on the ground surface, and engaging parts 27 and engaged parts 35b are engaged from each other to make the shelter body part 2 separable from the ground surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a disaster prevention shelter that can be evacuated for a certain period of time during disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, when a tsunami occurs, a shelter configured to be able to float on the water surface has been disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the technology described in Patent Document 1, when an earthquake occurs, the support structure of the shelter may be damaged because it cannot withstand the shaking. Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to solve the above problems.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a shelter main body portion in which one or a plurality of users can use the internal space, and a plurality of support portions on which the shelter main body portion is placed. The shelter main body portion is configured to be able to float on the water surface in the same posture as the posture in which it is placed on the support portion, the plurality of support portions are fixed to the ground, an engaged portion is formed on each of the support portions, a plurality of engaging portions are formed at locations corresponding to the support portions on the shelter main body portion, and the shelter main body portion is fixed to the ground by the engagement of the engaging portion and the engaged portion, and the shelter main body portion can be separated from the ground by the release of the engagement between the engaging portion and the engaged portion.

[0006] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect, the shelter main body can float on the water surface, and in a state where the shelter main body is placed on a plurality of support parts, the engaging parts of the shelter main body are engaged with the respective engaged parts, so that stability at the time of an earthquake can be ensured.

[0007] Moreover, the disaster prevention shelter according to the second aspect of the present invention is the disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect, and when the shelter main body is placed on the support part, a gap is formed between the bottom surface of the shelter main body and the ground.

[0008] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the second aspect, by separating the shelter main body from the ground, it is possible to suppress the influence on the shelter main body caused by rainwater accumulating on the ground.

[0009] Moreover, the disaster prevention shelter according to the third aspect of the present invention is the disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect, and the shelter main body is formed in a regular polygon shape in plan view, and the support part is provided corresponding to each side or each vertex of the shelter main body.

[0010] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the third aspect, no matter from which direction a force due to a strong wind, blast wind or tsunami is applied to the shelter main body, the shelter main body can be stably supported.

[0011] Moreover, the disaster prevention shelter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is the disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect, and a floating body capable of obtaining buoyancy by water is provided on either one of the engaging part and the engaged part, and when the floating body floats in water having a predetermined depth or more, the engagement between the engaging part and the engaged part is released.

[0012] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the fourth aspect, when the surrounding water level due to a flood or tsunami reaches a predetermined depth or more, the shelter main body can be automatically separated from the ground.

[0013] Further, the disaster prevention shelter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the disaster prevention shelter according to the first aspect, wherein a door is provided at the entrance of the shelter main body so as to be rotatable about the lower end portion, and when the door is opened, the door functions as a ladder to the entrance.

[0014] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the fifth aspect, by using the door as both a door and a ladder, the weight of the shelter main body can be suppressed.

[0015] Further, the disaster prevention shelter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is the disaster prevention shelter according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth aspect, wherein the shelter main body is made of a material having a radiation shielding function.

[0016] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the sixth aspect, the disaster prevention shelter can be utilized for evacuation when a nuclear explosion occurs.

[0017] Further, the disaster prevention shelter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention includes a shelter main body in which one or a plurality of users can use the internal space, and one or a plurality of support portions on which the shelter main body is placed. The shelter main body is made of a material having a radiation shielding function, and is configured to be able to float on the water surface in the same posture as the posture in which it is placed on the support portion. A plurality of the support portions are fixed to the ground, and the shelter main body is detachable from the support portion.

[0018] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the seventh aspect, the shelter main body can be floated on the water surface, and the disaster prevention shelter can be utilized for evacuation when a nuclear explosion occurs.

Effects of the Invention

[0019] According to the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention described above, it can float on the water surface, and by engaging the engaging portions of the shelter main body with the respective engaged portions of the plurality of support portions, the stability when an earthquake occurs can be ensured.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] [First Embodiment] First, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. The disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment is a facility that can be temporarily evacuated during the period of waiting for rescue (from several days to several weeks) in the event of disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, tsunamis, and nuclear explosions. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment includes a shelter main body 2 and a plurality (six in the present embodiment) of support portions 3, 3, ···.

[0022] The shelter main body 2 is a hollow box in which one or a plurality of users can use the internal space. The shelter main body 2 is hexagonal in plan view as shown in FIG. 4, and is formed in a regular hexagonal prism shape at the lower part and a substantially regular hexagonal pyramid shape at the upper part as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0023] The shelter main body 2 is formed by assembling a plurality of panel bodies to a metal frame that defines the outer shape of the shelter main body 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the frame that constitutes the shelter main body 2 is configured by connecting a bottom frame 21a, a lower side frame 21b, a middle frame 21c, and an upper side frame 21d to each other.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom frame 21a that constitutes the frame is provided at the lower end of the shelter main body 2. By assembling a bottom panel 22a to the lower surface of the bottom frame 21a and a first floor surface Fa to the upper surface of the bottom frame 21a, the bottom of the shelter main body 2 is formed.

[0025] The lower side frame 21b is erected upward from the outer peripheral edge of the bottom frame 21a. By assembling a lower side panel 22b to the outer surface of the lower side frame 21b, the outer surface of the lower part of the shelter main body 2 is formed.

[0026] The middle frame 21c is horizontally arranged so as to connect the upper ends of the lower side frames 21b. By assembling a second floor surface Fb to the upper surface of the middle frame 21c, the internal space of the shelter main body 2 is divided into a lower first chamber R1 and an upper second chamber R2.

[0027] The upper side frame 21d is provided obliquely upward from the upper end of the lower side frame 21b toward the center of the shelter main body 2 so that the upper ends of each other are close to each other. By assembling an upper side panel 22c to the outer surface of the lower side frame 21b, the outer surface of the upper part of the shelter main body 2 is formed.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, an entrance / exit 2A to the shelter main body 2 is opened in the front upper side panel 22c. Below the entrance / exit 2A, a door 23 that can open and close the entrance / exit 2A is provided. The door 23 is rotatably assembled to the upper side panel 22c via a hinge 23c provided at the lower part of the entrance / exit 2A. The door 23 in the present embodiment is rotatable about the lower end of the door 23 by an actuator (not shown).

[0029] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when the door 23 is opened, the inner surface of the door 23 is exposed toward the outside of the shelter main body 2. A handrail 23a and a ladder body 23b are assembled on the inner surface of the door 23. In this way, in the state where the door 23 is opened, the door 23 functions as a ladder to the entrance / exit 2A. Thus, according to the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, by using the door 23 also as a ladder, the total weight of the shelter main body 2 is suppressed.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 3, an upper opening 2B that enables entry and exit to and from the shelter main body 2 is opened on the upper surface of the shelter main body 2. The upper opening 2B can be opened and closed by an upper hatch 24 composed of a hatch main body 24a and a hatch hinge 24b. In the disaster prevention shelter 1, when the door 23 cannot be opened or closed, entry and exit to and from the shelter main body 2 is enabled using the upper hatch 24.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 3, an opening / closing part 25 for opening and closing a communication hole between the first room R1 and the second room R2 is provided on the second floor surface Fb formed inside the shelter main body 2. Below the opening / closing part 25, a middle ladder 26 is assembled on the inner side surface of the shelter main body 2, and it is configured to enable easy movement between the first room R1 and the second room R2.

[0032] In the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, the panel bodies provided on the outer surface of the shelter main body 2 are connected while ensuring watertightness. Thereby, the shelter main body 2 can float on the water surface when a tsunami or flood occurs.

[0033] In the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, in the shelter main body 2, mainly the first room R1 is used as a warehouse, and the second room R2 is used as a living and sleeping room for the user. Food, bedding, clothes, etc. to be used during evacuation can be stored in the first room R1. By placing heavy objects such as weights in the first room R1, when the shelter main body 2 floats on the water surface, the shelter main body 2 can be stabilized in an upright posture (the posture of being placed on the support parts 3, 3,... as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) so as not to tip over or the like.

[0034] In the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, the panel body, the door 23, and the hatch body 24a (hereinafter referred to as "panel body etc.") that constitute the outer surface of the shelter main body 2 are made of a material having a radiation shielding function. Specifically, the panel body etc. includes "steel plate" and "lead plate", "polyethylene board" which is a neutron absorber, "silicon rubber board containing boron carbide or gadolinium oxide", and "gypsum board containing barium sulfate" which is a gamma ray shielding material. It is also possible to adopt concrete having a shielding function against all radiation for part or all of the panel body etc.

[0035] Also, in the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, in order to ventilate the internal space of the shelter main body 2, it is also possible to provide a ventilation device equipped with an activated carbon fiber filter capable of adsorbing radioactive iodine gas.

[0036] As described above, in the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, by constructing the shelter main body 2 with a material having a radiation shielding function, it can be utilized as a refuge in the event of a nuclear attack during wartime or a nuclear explosion due to an accident at a nuclear power plant.

[0037] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the shelter main body 2 is placed on six support portions 3 fixed to the ground. As shown in FIG. 5(a), each support portion 3 is mainly composed of a metal member and is configured by combining a support base 31, a support plate 32, a fixing member 33, a rotating member 35, etc.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 4, each support portion 3 is arranged corresponding to each side (six sides forming a regular hexagon) of the shelter main body 2. In other words, six locations corresponding to the support portion 3 of the shelter main body 2 are supported by the support portion 3. It is also possible to arrange the support portion 3 corresponding to each vertex (six corner portions of the regular hexagon) of the shelter main body 2.

[0039] As described above, in the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, the shelter main body 2 is formed in a regular hexagonal shape in plan view, and the support portions 3, 3,... are provided corresponding to the respective sides of the shelter main body 2. Thereby, it can be manufactured at a lower cost than making the shelter main body 2 circular in plan view, and the strength against forces from the side of the shelter main body 2 can be made uniform in all directions. That is, no matter from which side a force due to a storm, blast, tsunami, etc. is applied to the shelter main body 2, it is possible to stably support the shelter main body 2.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 5(a), the support portion 3 is fixed to the ground by a fixing member 33. By driving the fixing member 33 inserted through the support plate 32 into the ground, the support plate 32 and the support base 31 assembled to the support plate 32 are fixed to the ground.

[0041] The upper surface of the support base 31 is formed to be curved in a cylindrical shape. Further, a buffer material 28 is fixed to each side at the lower end portion of the shelter main body 2. By placing the buffer material 28 on each side on the upper surface of the support base 31, the shelter main body 2 is stably supported by the support portions 3, 3,.... An engaging portion 27 protruding outward is formed above the buffer material 28 in the shelter main body 2. That is, six engaging portions 27 are formed in the shelter main body 2 corresponding to the support portions 3.

[0042] In the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, when the shelter main body 2 is placed on the support portions 3, 3,..., a gap G is formed between the bottom surface of the shelter main body 2 and the ground. Thus, in the present embodiment, by separating the shelter main body 2 from the ground, it is possible to suppress the influence from the ground to the shelter main body 2 due to rainwater accumulating on the ground or the like.

[0043] In each support base 31 of each support portion 3, a rotation support portion 31a is formed, and a rotation member 35 is rotatably provided on the rotation support portion 31a via a rotation shaft 34. The rotation member 35 has a floating body 35a formed at its outer end and an engaged portion 35b formed at its inner end. The floating body 35a is formed of a hollow resin container that can float on water.

[0044] When the shelter main body portion 2 is placed on the support portions 3, 3,... in the normal state, the engaging portion 27 formed on the shelter main body portion 2 and the engaged portion 35b engage with each other. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5(a), the engaging portion 27 and the engaged portion 35b overlap with each other with a length of the first width D1. For this reason, the shelter main body portion 2 does not separate from the support portion 3 and is fixed to the ground via the support portions 3, 3,...

[0045] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5(b), when the water surface F around the disaster prevention shelter 1 rises due to a flood or a tsunami and the water depth becomes a predetermined depth or more (during a flood), the floating body 35a floats on the water, causing the rotation member 35 to rotate. As a result, the engaged portion 35b retreats outside the engaging portion 27, and a gap of the second width D2 is formed between the engaging portion 27 and the engaged portion 35b. That is, since the engagement between the engaging portion 27 and the engaged portion 35b is released, the shelter main body portion 2 can be separated from the ground.

[0046] As described above, according to the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, in a state where the shelter main body portion 2 is placed on a plurality of support portions 3, 3,..., the engaging portion 27 of the shelter main body portion 2 is engaged with each of the engaged portions 35b in the support portions 3, 3,.... Thereby, even when the ground shakes greatly due to an earthquake, the shaking is not directly transmitted to the shelter main body portion 2. For this reason, the structural stability of the disaster prevention shelter 1 when an earthquake occurs can be ensured. Further, since the plurality of support portions 3, 3,... that support the shelter main body portion 2 and the engaging portion 27 are engaged, it is possible to prevent the shelter main body portion 2 from tilting or falling.

[0047] Further, in the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, the rotating member 35 provided with the engaged portion 35b is provided with a floating body 35a capable of obtaining buoyancy by water. And when the floating body 35a floats in water having a predetermined depth or more, the engagement between the engaging portion 27 and the engaged portion 35b is released. Thereby, when the water depth around the shelter reaches a predetermined level or more during a flood, the shelter main body 2 can be automatically separated from the support portions 3, 3,... fixed to the ground.

[0048] [Second Embodiment] In the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention, the support portion and the engaging portion can be configured differently from the above. Specifically, as in the disaster prevention shelter according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6(a), it is possible to configure them as the support portion 103 and the engaging portion 127. In the second embodiment described below, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

[0049] In the disaster prevention shelter according to the present embodiment, the support portion 103 is fixed to the ground by the fixing member 133. By driving the fixing member 133 inserted through the support plate 132 into the ground, the support plate 132 and the support base 131 assembled to the support plate 132 are fixed to the ground.

[0050] The upper surface of the support base 131 is formed to be curved in a cylindrical shape. Further, a buffer material 28 made of a soft resin is fixed to each side at the lower end portion of the shelter main body 2. When the buffer material 28 on each side is placed on the upper surface of the support base 131, the shelter main body 2 is stably supported by the support portions 103, 103,... Above the buffer material 28 in the shelter main body 2, an engaging portion 127 having an engaging groove 127a protruding outward is fixed.

[0051] In each support base 131 of the respective support portions 103, a rotation support portion 131a is formed, and a rotation member 135 is rotatably provided on the rotation support portion 131a via a rotation shaft 134. The rotation member 135 has a floating body 135a formed at its outer end, and a rotation portion 135b bent downward at its inner end.

[0052] One end of a connecting member 136 is connected to the tip of the rotation portion 135b, and a rod-shaped engaged portion 137 is connected to the other end of the connecting member 136. The engaged portion 137 is inserted into the engagement groove 127a of the engaging portion 127 and is configured to be able to advance and retreat from the engagement groove 127a along with the rotational displacement of the rotation member 135.

[0053] In the present embodiment, in the normal state where the shelter main body is placed on the support portions 103·103···, the engagement groove 127a of the engaging portion 127 formed in the shelter main body and the engaged portion 137 engage with each other. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6(a), since the engaged portion 137 is inserted into the engagement groove 127a, the shelter main body does not separate from the support portion 103 and is fixed to the ground via the support portions 103·103···.

[0054] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6(b), when the water surface F around the disaster prevention shelter rises due to a flood or a tsunami and the water depth becomes a predetermined depth or more (during a flood), the floating body 135a floats in the water, causing the rotation member 135 to rotate. As a result, the engaged portion 137 retracts outward from the engagement groove 127a. That is, since the engagement between the engaging portion 127 and the engaged portion 137 is released, the shelter main body can be separated from the ground.

[0055] As described above, also in the disaster prevention shelter according to the present embodiment, when the floating body 135a floats in water having a depth of a predetermined depth or more, the engagement between the engaging portion 127 and the engaged portion 137 is released. Thus, when the surrounding water depth becomes a predetermined depth or more during a flood, the shelter main body can be automatically separated from the support portions 103·103··· fixed to the ground.

[0056] [Other Modification Examples] The above-described embodiments can be appropriately modified as shown in the following other modified examples. Each of the modified examples described in this specification may be applied in combination with other modified examples as long as there is no contradiction.

[0057] Although the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the above-described embodiment is formed in a regular hexagon shape in plan view, the shape of the disaster prevention shelter is not limited to the above. That is, the shape of the disaster prevention shelter in plan view can also be a rectangle, a circle, or the shape of other polygons. Also, even when the disaster prevention shelter is in a regular polygon shape in plan view, it can also be other regular polygon shapes such as a regular pentagon or a regular octagon.

[0058] In the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention, when the shelter main body is placed on the support portion, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which no gap is formed between the bottom surface of the shelter main body and the ground. Also, it is possible to configure the door and the ladder of the shelter main body separately. Further, it is also possible to integrally form the support portion that supports the shelter main body in an annular shape.

[0059] In the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention, it is also possible to provide a floating body capable of obtaining buoyancy by water on the side of the engaging portion formed on the shelter main body. That is, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the floating body provided on the shelter main body floats in water at a predetermined depth or more, thereby releasing the engagement between the engaging portion and the engaged portion.

[0060] In the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention, as a configuration for releasing the engagement between the engaging portion and the engaged portion, in addition to the one due to the buoyancy received by the above-described floating body, a configuration for manually releasing, a configuration for releasing by mechanical operation, a configuration for remotely releasing by electrical or communication remote operation, etc. can also be adopted.

[0061] When the disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention does not have the function of a nuclear shelter, the shelter main body can be composed of a normal material without a radiation shielding function. Further, it is also possible to utilize the disaster prevention shelter as a remote office, a hobby space, or a warehouse for storing food and supplies during normal times.

Explanation of Signs

[0062] 1 Disaster prevention shelter 2 Shelter main body 2A Entrance / exit 2B Upper opening 3 Support part 21a Bottom frame 21b Lower side frame 21c Middle frame 21d Upper side frame 22a Bottom panel 22b Lower side panel 22c Upper side panel 23 Door 23a Handrail 23b Ladder body 23c Hinge 24 Upper hatch 24a Hatch body 24b Hatch hinge 25 Opening / closing part 26 Middle ladder 27 Engagement part 28 Buffer material 31 Support base 31a Rotating support part 32 Support plate 33 Fixing member 34 Rotating shaft 35 Rotating member 35a Floating body 35b Engaged part 127 Engagement part 127a Engagement groove 131 Support base 131a Rotating support part 132 Support plate 133 Fixing member 134 Rotating shaft 135 Rotating member 135a Floating body 135b Rotating part 136 Connecting member 137 Engaged part R1 First chamber R2 Second chamber D1 First width D2 Second width G Gap F Water surface Fa First floor board Fb Second floor board

Claims

1. A shelter main body that enables one or more users to use the internal space, and a plurality of support parts on which the shelter main body is placed. The shelter main body is configured to float on the water surface in the same posture as the posture in which it is placed on the support part. A plurality of the support parts are fixed to the ground. An engaged part is formed on each of the support parts. A plurality of engaging parts are formed on the shelter main body at positions corresponding to the support parts. When the engaging part and the engaged part engage with each other, the shelter main body is fixed to the ground. A disaster prevention shelter in which when the engagement between the engaging part and the engaged part is released, the shelter main body can be separated from the ground.

2. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the bottom surface of the shelter main body and the ground when the shelter main body is placed on the support part.

3. The shelter main body is formed in a regular polygonal shape in plan view. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein the support parts are provided corresponding to each side or each vertex of the shelter main body.

4. A floating body capable of obtaining buoyancy by water is provided on either the engaging part or the engaged part. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein when the floating body floats in water at a predetermined depth or more, the engagement between the engaging part and the engaged part is released.

5. A door is provided at the entrance and exit of the shelter main body so as to be rotatable about the lower end. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein when the door is opened, the door functions as a ladder to the entrance and exit.

6. The disaster prevention shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shelter main body is made of a material having a radiation shielding function.

7. A shelter main body that enables one or more users to use the internal space, and one or more support parts on which the shelter main body is placed. The shelter main body is made of a material having a radiation shielding function and is configured to float on the water surface in the same posture as the posture in which it is placed on the support part. A plurality of the support parts are fixed to the ground. A disaster prevention shelter in which the shelter main body is detachable from the support part.

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