Pipe shoe guide

Abstract

To provide a pipe shoe guide capable of easily adjusting a gap of a pipe shoe with respect to a base plate.SOLUTION: A second piece includes: a cylinder having a female screw screwed with a male screw of a first piece on at least a portion of its inner peripheral surface, and a male screw on at least a portion of its outer peripheral surface; a flange extending in a radial direction of the cylinder from a lower end of the cylinder; and an adjuster connected to an upper end of the cylinder and engageable with a predetermined tool. A third piece includes: a plate part having a mounting surface for the flange; and a head part connected to the plate part and having an opposing surface disposed to face an upper surface of a base plate. The plate part has a hole through which the cylinder can be inserted but the flange cannot be inserted. A fourth piece has a female screw screwed with the male screw of the cylinder, the cylinder being inserted through the hole of the plate part, and in a state of the mounting surface being in contact with the flange, the third piece is fixed to the second piece by the fourth piece being screwed with the cylinder.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a pipe shoe guide for guiding a pipe shoe.

Background Art

[0002] A pipe shoe is used to support pipes such as plant pipes on a support. The pipe shoe includes a shoe body that supports the pipe and a base plate for installing the shoe body on the support. Further, a pipe shoe guide for guiding the base plate is used to restrict movement in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.

[0003] Conventionally, for example, a steel material such as an L-shaped steel has been fixed by welding near the installation location of the base plate of the support as a pipe shoe guide. Since the pipe may be displaced due to thermal expansion, the pipe shoe guide needs to be fixed so as to have a predetermined gap with respect to the base plate at least in a direction orthogonal to the support so as not to excessively impede the displacement.

[0004] However, when the pipe shoe guide is fixed as in the conventional case, the amount of the gap changes due to the displacement of the pipe. In addition, welding distortion may occur when fixing by welding, and it is difficult to fix the pipe shoe guide at a position where an appropriate gap amount is obtained.

[0005] Here, as a technique for gripping a workpiece, Patent Document 1 below discloses a configuration in which, in a clamping device for clamping a workpiece, the height position of a clamping plate can be changed by changing the length of a support member that supports the clamping plate from below depending on the tightening amount of a bolt and a nut that constitute the support member.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0007] However, in the configuration of the above Patent Document 1, it is necessary to insert a tool such as a wrench from below the clamp plate for height adjustment. For this reason, the work is carried out in a state where the bolts and nuts constituting the support member cannot be seen. Therefore, even if such a configuration is applied to a pipe shoe guide, there is room for improvement in workability.

[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a pipe shoe guide that can easily adjust the gap with respect to the base plate of the pipe shoe.

MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

[0009] The pipe shoe guide according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a pipe shoe guide for guiding a pipe shoe including a shoe body that supports a pipe, and a base plate for installing the shoe body on a support, wherein a proximal end is supported by the support on which the pipe shoe is installed, a first piece having a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface between the proximal end and a distal end, the first piece being rod-shaped and extending in a first axial direction intersecting the support, a second piece screwed onto the first piece, a third piece disposed opposite to an upper surface of the base plate, and a fourth piece for fixing the third piece to the second piece, the second piece including a cylinder having a female thread screwed to the male thread of the first piece on at least a part of an inner peripheral surface and a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface, a flange extending in a radial direction of the cylinder from a lower end of the cylinder, and an adjuster connected to an upper end of the cylinder and engageable with a predetermined tool, the third piece including a plate portion having an installation surface for the flange, and a head portion connected to the plate portion and having an opposing surface disposed opposite to the upper surface of the base plate, the plate portion having a hole through which the cylinder can be inserted and through which the flange cannot be inserted, the fourth piece having a female thread screwed to the male thread of the cylinder, the cylinder being inserted through the hole of the plate portion, and the fourth piece being screwed to the cylinder with the installation surface in contact with the flange, whereby the third piece is fixed to the second piece, and a distance between the opposing surface of the third piece and the upper surface of the base plate can be adjusted according to an amount of screwing of the female thread of the second piece onto the male thread of the first piece.

Advantages of the Invention

[0010] According to the present disclosure, a gap between the base plate of the pipe shoe and the base plate can be easily adjusted.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

[0012] Hereinafter, a pipe shoe guide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In this specification, the vertical direction is defined based on the state in which the pipe shoe guide G is fixed on the horizontally arranged support P2. That is, the direction of the first axis S1 described later corresponds to the vertical direction. Further, on the surface of the support P2 where the pipe shoe P1 is installed, the side closer to the support P2 is the lower side, and the side farther from the support P2 is the upper side.

[0013] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a pipe shoe guide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a view of the pipe shoe guide shown in FIG. 1 as seen from the II direction. FIG. 3 is an exploded side view of the pipe shoe guide shown in FIG. 1. In FIGS. 1 and 2, only the third piece 3 described later is shown in a cross-sectional view. In FIG. 1, the third piece 3 includes the first axis S1 and is shown as a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipe P. In FIG. 2, the third piece 3 includes the first axis S1 and is shown as a cross-sectional view parallel to the axial direction of the pipe P. Further, in FIG. 2, the anti-rotation portion 52 of the fifth piece 5 shown in FIG. 1 is not shown.

[0014] The pipe P installed in a facility such as a plant is supported by pipe shoes P1 at a plurality of locations. The pipe shoe P1 includes a shoe body P11 that supports the pipe P, and a base plate P12 for installing the shoe body P11 on a support P2 fixed to the facility. In the example of FIG. 1, the shoe body P11 is welded to a part of the pipe P in the axial direction. However, the structure and shape of the shoe body P11 are not particularly limited as long as it can be connected to the pipe P.

[0015] The base plate P12 is plate-shaped and is installed on the surface of the support P2. For the support P2, for example, U-shaped or groove-shaped steel materials are used. The support P2 may have other shapes such as H-shaped steel.

[0016] The pipe shoe guide G is configured to guide the pipe shoe P1 by restricting the movement of the base plate P12 within an allowable range. The pipe shoe guide G includes a first piece 1, a second piece 2, a third piece 3, a fourth piece 4, and a fifth piece 5. The first piece 1 is rod-shaped, with its base end supported by the support P2 where the pipe shoe P1 is installed, and extends in the direction of the first axis S1 intersecting the support P2. The first piece 1 has a male thread 1a on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface between the base end and the tip. The male thread 1a includes at least a first region near the base end where nuts 11 and 12 described later are screwed, and a second region in the middle between the base end and the tip where the female thread 2b of the second piece 2 described later is screwed. For the first piece 1, for example, a stud bolt having a male thread 1a on the entire outer peripheral surface between the base end and the tip is used.

[0017] The support P2 has a mounting hole P2a through which the first piece 1 can be inserted at the mounting position of the pipe shoe guide G. The mounting hole P2a is, for example, a round hole. The first piece 1 is fixed to the support P2 by inserting it through the mounting hole P2a and fastening the nuts 11 and 12 to sandwich the support P2 and the fifth piece 5 described later from above and below.

[0018] The second piece 2 includes a cylinder 21, a flange 22, and an adjuster 23. The cylinder 21 has an internal thread 2b that engages with the external thread 1a of the first piece 1 on at least a part of its inner peripheral surface, and has an external thread 2a on at least a part of its outer peripheral surface. The flange 22 extends in the radial direction of the cylinder 21 from the lower end of the cylinder 21. The adjuster 23 is connected to the upper end of the cylinder 21 and is configured to be engageable with a predetermined tool. FIG. 4 is a top view of the second piece shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the adjuster 23 has a pair of chamfered surfaces 23a, 23b perpendicular to a second axis S2 orthogonal to the first axis S1. Note that in FIG. 1, the adjuster 23 shows a state where the chamfered surfaces 23a, 23b are parallel to the paper surface, and in FIG. 2, the adjuster 23 shows a state where the chamfered surfaces 23a, 23b are perpendicular to the paper surface. However, the orientation of the chamfered surfaces 23a, 23b naturally changes according to the amount of screwing of the second piece 2 into the first piece 1.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the third piece shown in FIG. 1. The third piece 3 includes a plate portion 31 and a head portion 32. The plate portion 31 has an installation surface 31a on the flange 22 of the second piece 2. Further, the plate portion 31 has a hole 31b through which the cylinder 21 of the second piece 2 can be inserted and through which the flange 22 cannot be inserted. The installation surface 31a is a region around the hole 31b on the lower surface of the plate portion 31.

[0020] The head portion 32 is connected to the plate portion 31 and has an opposing surface 32a that is disposed opposite to the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12. The opposing surface 32a is located below the installation surface 31a. That is, the head portion 32 extends downward with respect to the plate portion 31.

[0021] The fourth piece 4 has a ring shape and has an internal thread 4a that engages with the external thread 2a of the cylinder 21 of the second piece 2 on its inner peripheral surface. The outer peripheral surface of the fourth piece 4 is configured to be engageable with a predetermined tool. For example, the fourth piece 4 is a nut. The fourth piece 4 is used to fix the third piece 3 to the second piece 2.

[0022] The second piece 2 is screwed onto the first piece 1. With the cylinder 21 inserted through the hole in the plate portion 31 and the installation surface 31a of the plate portion 31 in contact with the flange 22, the fourth piece 4 is screwed onto the cylinder 21, whereby the third piece 3 is fixed to the second piece 2. In this state, the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32 of the third piece 3 is disposed to face the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12.

[0023] The fifth piece 5 includes a base portion 51 installed on the support P2, and a rotation prevention portion 52 that extends from the base portion 51 in the direction of the first axis S1 and prevents the third piece 3 from rotating about the first axis S1. The base portion 51 has a hole 5a through which the first piece 1 can be inserted. The fifth piece 5 is fixed to the support P2 together with the first piece 1. In the present embodiment, the fifth piece 5 is arranged such that the rotation prevention portion 52 abuts against the end portion 31c on the side opposite to the connection position of the head portion 32 with respect to the hole 31b in the plate portion 31 of the third piece 3.

[0024] Here, the distance between the opposing surface 32a of the third piece 3 and the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12 changes according to the screwing amount of the female thread 2b of the second piece 2 onto the male thread 1a of the first piece 1. That is, the distance between the opposing surface 32a of the third piece 3 and the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12 can be adjusted according to the screwing amount.

[0025] An example of the attachment procedure of the pipe shooter guide G in the present embodiment is shown below. First, the fifth piece 5 is installed on the support P2 so that the position of the hole 5a of the fifth piece 5 aligns with the position of a predetermined attachment hole P2a of the support P2. The first piece 1 is inserted through these holes P2a, 5a and temporarily fixed by being sandwiched between nuts 11, 12. Here, the temporary fixing of the first piece 1 means tightening the nuts 11, 12 to such an extent that sliding of the fifth piece 5 with respect to the support P2, which will be described later, is allowed.

[0026] Next, the second piece 2 is screwed onto the first piece 1. Further, the hole 31b of the third piece 3 is inserted through the cylinder 21 of the second piece 2, and the plate portion 31 of the third piece 3 is placed on the flange 22 of the second piece 2. The fourth piece 4 is screwed onto the cylinder 21 to temporarily fix the third piece 3. Here, the temporary fixing of the third piece 3 means tightening the fourth piece 4 to such an extent that rotation of the third piece 3 around the first axis S1 with respect to the cylinder 21 and longitudinal sliding described later are allowed. In this state, by adjusting the screwing amount of the female screw 2b of the second piece 2 with respect to the male screw of the first piece 1, the distance between the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32 and the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12 is adjusted to a predetermined value. The adjustment of the screwing amount is performed by engaging a predetermined tool such as a wrench with the adjuster 23 of the second piece 2 and rotating the second piece 2 around the first axis S1 with the tool.

[0027] After adjusting the screwing amount, the relative position of the head portion 32 with respect to the second piece 2 is adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the third piece. As shown in FIG. 5, the hole 31b of the plate portion 31 has an elongated hole shape facing the head portion 32. For this reason, the third piece 3 is slidable on the flange 22 of the second piece 2 in the longitudinal direction of the third piece 3. By adjusting the relative position of the head portion 32 with respect to the second piece 2 in the longitudinal direction of the third piece, the position of the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32 is adjusted to an appropriate position on the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12.

[0028] In response to such adjustment of the relative position of the head portion 32, the position of the anti-rotation portion 52 of the fifth piece 5 is adjusted. FIG. 6 is a top view of the fifth piece shown in FIG. 1. In the present embodiment, the hole 5a of the base portion 51 has an elongated hole shape. The longitudinal direction of the hole 5a of the base portion 51 is a direction orthogonal to the contact surface of the anti-rotation portion 52 with the third piece 3. Thereby, the fifth piece 5 is slidable with respect to the support P2 in a state where the first piece 1 is inserted through the hole 5a of the base portion 51. The fifth piece 5 is slid so that the anti-rotation portion 52 abuts against the third piece 3 after the relative position of the head portion 32 is adjusted.

[0029] With the anti-rotation portion 52 in contact with the third piece 3, tighten the nuts 11 and 12 further to fix the first piece 1 and the fifth piece 5 to the support P2. Further, tighten the fourth piece 4 further to fix the third piece 3 to the second piece 2.

[0030] According to the above configuration, the height of the flange 22 of the second piece 2 with respect to the support P2 is adjusted according to the amount of screwing into the first piece 1 fixed to the support P2. Therefore, the distance between the opposing surface 32a of the third piece 3 placed on the flange 22 and the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12 installed on the support P2 is adjusted. At this time, the adjustment of the screwing amount of the second piece 2 is performed by engaging a corresponding tool with the adjuster 23 at the upper end of the second piece 2. Thereby, the adjustment of the screwing amount of the second piece 2 can be performed above the third piece 3.

[0031] Furthermore, the third piece 3 is fixed to the second piece 2 by screwing the fourth piece 4 into the male screw 2a of the second piece 2 from above the third piece 3. At this time, while engaging a tool with the adjuster 23 so that the screwing amount of the second piece 2 does not change, and holding the second piece 2 so that it does not rotate around the first axis S1, engage another tool with the fourth piece 4 and rotate the fourth piece 4 around the first axis S1 to tighten it. That is, the fixing of the third piece 3 to the second piece 2 can also be performed above the third piece 3. Therefore, it is possible to easily realize the adjustment and fixing of the gap of the pipe shoe P1 with respect to the base plate P12 without working below the third piece 3 having the opposing surface 32a.

[0032] Also, according to the present embodiment, since the gap adjustment is easy, it is also possible to use it as a temporary fixing jig when fixing the pipe shoe P1 to the pipe P by welding or the like. In this case, the screwing amount of the second piece 2 is adjusted so that the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32 contacts the upper surface P12a of the base plate P12.

[0033] Also, according to the present embodiment, the hole 31b in the plate portion 31 of the third piece 3 has an elongated hole shape extending toward the head portion 32. Thereby, the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32 can be positioned at an appropriate position on the upper surface 12a of the base plate P12.

[0034] Further, the rotation prevention portion 52 of the fifth piece 5 that is fixed to the support P2 together with the first piece 1 prevents the third piece 3 from rotating about the first axis S1. Thereby, it is possible to fix the third piece 3 to the second piece 2 by the fourth piece 4 while appropriately holding the position of the opposing surface 32a of the head portion 32. By using the rotation prevention portion 52, the rotation of the third piece 3 about the first axis S1 can be prevented without supporting the third piece 3 with a plurality of first pieces 1, so that the structure of the pipe shooter guide G can be simplified.

[0035] Furthermore, since the hole 5a in the base portion 51 of the fifth piece 5 has an elongated hole shape, the position of the rotation prevention portion 52 can be adjusted in accordance with the longitudinal position adjustment of the third piece 3.

[0036] As described above, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various improvements, changes, and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit thereof.

[0037] [Other Embodiments] For example, in the above embodiment, an example in which the hole 31b of the third piece 3 is an elongated hole has been shown, but it is not limited thereto. For example, when the mounting hole P2a of the support P2 is an elongated hole and the fixing position of the first piece 1 can be adjusted, the hole 31b of the third piece 3 may be a round hole. In this case, the hole 5a of the fifth piece 5 may also be a round hole.

[0038] In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the rotation prevention portion 52 of the fifth piece 5 is arranged to abut on the end portion 31c on the side opposite to the connection position of the head portion 32 with reference to the hole 31b in the plate portion 31 of the third piece 3. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotation prevention portion 52B may be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the plate portion 31 of the third piece 3 in a plan view. In the configuration of the example of FIG. 7, the rotation prevention portion 52 in the above embodiment may be further arranged.

[0039] By arranging the rotation prevention portion 52B on the side surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the hole 5a of the third piece 3, regardless of the longitudinal position of the third piece 3, the rotation prevention portion 52B can prevent the third piece 3 from rotating around the first axis S1. Therefore, the hole 5a of the fifth piece 5 may have a round hole shape. However, in order to prevent the base portion 51 from interfering with the base plate P12, the hole 5a of the fifth piece 5 may have a long hole shape. In the example of FIG. 7, the rotation prevention portions 52B are arranged on both sides of the third piece 3, but only one of them may be sufficient. Also, the rotation prevention portion 52 may not be provided. Therefore, the fifth piece 5 may not be provided.

[0040] In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the adjuster 23 has two chamfered surfaces 23a and 23b parallel to each other. However, it may have other shapes such as a hexagonal shape.

[0041] [Summary of the present disclosure] [Item 1] The pipe shoe guide according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a pipe shoe guide for guiding a pipe shoe including a shoe body that supports a pipe, and a base plate for installing the shoe body on a support, wherein a proximal end of the pipe shoe is supported by the support on which the pipe shoe is installed, a first piece in a rod shape extending in a first axial direction intersecting the support and having a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface between the proximal end and the distal end, a second piece screwed onto the first piece, a third piece disposed opposite to an upper surface of the base plate, and a fourth piece for fixing the third piece to the second piece, the second piece including a cylinder having a female thread screwed with the male thread of the first piece on at least a part of an inner peripheral surface and a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface, a flange extending in a radial direction of the cylinder from a lower end of the cylinder, and an adjuster connected to an upper end of the cylinder and engageable with a predetermined tool, the third piece including a plate portion having an installation surface on the flange, and a head portion connected to the plate portion and having an opposing surface disposed opposite to the upper surface of the base plate, the plate portion having a hole through which the cylinder can be inserted and the flange cannot be inserted, the fourth piece having a female thread screwed with the male thread of the cylinder, the cylinder being inserted through the hole of the plate portion, and the fourth piece being screwed onto the cylinder with the installation surface in contact with the flange, whereby the third piece is fixed to the second piece, and a distance between the opposing surface of the third piece and the upper surface of the base plate can be adjusted according to an amount of screwing of the female thread of the second piece onto the male thread of the first piece.

[0042] According to the above configuration, the height of the flange of the second piece with respect to the support is adjusted according to the amount of screwing onto the first piece fixed to the support. Therefore, the distance between the opposing surface in the third piece placed on the flange and the upper surface of the base plate installed on the support is adjusted. At this time, the adjustment of the screwing amount of the second piece is performed by engaging a corresponding tool with the adjuster at the upper end of the second piece. Thereby, the adjustment of the screwing amount of the second piece can be performed above the third piece.

[0043] Furthermore, the third piece is fixed to the second piece by screwing the fourth piece onto the male thread of the second piece from above the third piece. That is, the fixing of the third piece to the second piece can also be performed above the third piece. Therefore, the adjustment and fixing of the gap between the pipe shoe and the base plate can be easily achieved without working below the third piece having the opposing surfaces.

[0044] [Item 2] In the pipe shoe guide of Item 1, the hole in the plate portion may have an elongated hole shape extending toward the head portion. Thereby, the opposing surface of the head portion can be positioned at an appropriate position on the upper surface of the base plate.

[0045] [Item 3] The pipe shoe guide of Item 1 or 2 is installed on the support and includes a fifth piece fixed to the support together with the first piece. The fifth piece may include a base portion installed on the support and a detent portion extending from the base portion in the first axial direction to prevent rotation of the third piece about the first axis. Thereby, it is possible to fix the third piece to the second piece by the fourth piece while appropriately holding the position of the opposing surface of the head portion.

[0046] [Item 4] In the pipe shoe guide of Item 3, the base portion has a hole through which the first piece can be inserted, and the hole in the base portion may have an elongated hole shape. Thereby, the position of the detent portion can be adjusted in accordance with the longitudinal position adjustment of the third piece.

[0047] [Item 5] In the pipe shoe guide according to any one of Items 1 to 4, the adjuster may have a pair of chamfered surfaces perpendicular to a second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0048] 1 Piece 1, 1a Male thread, 2 Piece 2, 2a Male thread, 2b Female thread, 3 Piece 3, 4 Piece 4, 4a Female thread, 5 Piece 5, 5a Hole, 21 Cylinder, 22 Flange, 23 Adjuster, 23a, 23b Chamfered surface, 31 Plate part, 31a Installation surface, 31b Hole, 32 Head part, 32a Opposing surface, 51 Base part, 52 Anti-rotation part, P Pipe, P1 Pipe shoe, P2 Support, P11 Shoe body, P12 Base plate, S1 First axis, S2 Second axis

Claims

1. A pipe shoe guide for guiding a pipe shoe including a shoe body for supporting a pipe and a base plate for installing the shoe body on a support, a rod-shaped first piece having a proximal end supported by the support on which the pipe shoe is installed, extending in a first axial direction intersecting the support, and having a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface between the proximal end and the distal end; a second piece screwed onto the first piece; a third piece disposed opposite to an upper surface of the base plate; and a fourth piece for fixing the third piece to the second piece, the second piece including a cylinder having a female thread screwed with the male thread of the first piece on at least a part of an inner peripheral surface and a male thread on at least a part of an outer peripheral surface, a flange extending in a radial direction of the cylinder from a lower end of the cylinder, and an adjuster connected to an upper end of the cylinder and engageable with a predetermined tool; the third piece including a plate portion having an installation surface on the flange and a head portion connected to the plate portion and having an opposing surface disposed opposite to the upper surface of the base plate; the plate portion having a hole through which the cylinder is insertable and the flange is not insertable; the fourth piece having a female thread screwed with the male thread of the cylinder; the cylinder is inserted into the hole of the plate portion, and with the installation surface in contact with the flange, the fourth piece is screwed onto the cylinder, whereby the third piece is fixed to the second piece; A pipe shoe guide capable of adjusting a distance between the opposing surface of the third piece and the upper surface of the base plate according to an amount of screwing of the female thread of the second piece onto the male thread of the first piece.

2. The pipe shoe guide according to claim 1, wherein the hole of the plate portion has an elongated hole shape extending toward the head portion.

3. Comprising a fifth piece installed on the support and fixed to the support together with the first piece. The fifth piece includes a base portion installed on the support and a rotation prevention portion that extends from the base portion in the first axial direction and prevents the third piece from rotating around the first axis. The pipe shoe guide according to claim 1 or 2. **Claim 4** The base portion has a hole through which the first piece can be inserted. The hole in the base portion has an oblong shape. The pipe shoe guide according to claim 3. **Claim 5** The adjuster has a pair of chamfered surfaces perpendicular to a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. The pipe shoe guide according to claim 1 or 2.

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