Multi-beam radio power transmission system

Abstract

To provide a method of securing safety in a multi-beam wireless power transmission system including a beam source and a number of targets.SOLUTION: According to a system for transmitting wireless power to a number of receivers from a number of sources, safety of a multi-beam transmission system is maintained by crossing of two beams in a transmission space, even though a power level or a power density level exceeding a level where a safety mechanism of the system is designed to be operated is likely to be produced. Passages of beams 43, 44 are known from a transmission position and a direction, and a position and an orientation measured by a positioning device on receivers 45, 46. The system attenuates, turns off, or deflects one or more beams to reduce a safety risk when crossing or nearly crossing of the beams is determined; and in addition, confirms whether or not one of the beams is subjected to reflection by searching for a displayed mirror image because it is not able to easily identify a reflection beam passage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of transmitting energy beams to a remote receiver, and more particularly to the safe operation of such a system that transmits multiple beams.

Background Art

[0002] Prior art related to wireless power transmission using collimated electro-optical beams mostly focuses on transmitting a single beam from a single number of sources to a single target. Although there may be a large number of targets in the environment, the system is configured to transmit to a single target at any given time and can then transmit to other targets at different times.

[0003] International Application No. PCT / IL2016 / 050927, published as Patent Document 1 and having the same inventors as the present application, describes a power transmission system from one or more transmitters to one or more receivers. In that publication, the aspect of system safety is largely limited to the issue of the safe level of charging the receiver battery.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a multi-beam wireless power transmission system that overcomes at least some of the drawbacks of prior art systems and methods by considering the safety of a system involved in simultaneously propagating multiple beams to a large number of target receivers.

[0005] The most commonly used wireless power transmission systems are based on optical laser transmission, but the same problems also occur with other forms of wireless transmission such as phased array RF transmission or ultrasonic beam transmission.

[0006] The disclosure of each publication referred to in this section and in other sections of this specification is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety therein.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0008] The described system comprises a plurality of beams that are separated and usually collimated or substantially collimated, and are typically emitted from a plurality of emitters in a single transmission unit towards one or more separated targets, usually within a receiver. On the other hand, the energy delivered to different targets within the same receiver is usually added and delivered as a single output to a client device. The targets are generally photovoltaic cells that convert optical power into electricity. In some cases, it may be preferable to use two sources separately, for example, when it is necessary to control multiple functions from the transfer, or when different voltages are required, or when one source is used for battery charging and the other for powering the circuit, or for the purpose of reducing potential safety limitations in any beam, or for any other reason. The targets are generally photovoltaic cells that convert optical power into electricity. In some cases, it may be preferable to use two sources separately, for example, when it is necessary to control multiple functions from the transfer, or when different voltages are required, or when one source is used for battery charging and the other for powering the circuit, or for the purpose of reducing potential safety limitations in any beam, or for any other reason.

[0009] The different beams are each directed in different directions by a beam steering module that covers the volume towards which the beam can be directed. That volume is typically a conical or pyramidal volume, or some other diverging 3D volume. The beam can be used to deliver power. The spatial region up to its limits is referred to as the field of view or FOV.

[0010] The FOV of each beam preferably overlaps with the FOV of other beams, and the two beams can be used to provide a certain amount of increased power to a suitable receiver. Alternatively, different FOVs may be used to increase the overall FOV of the system.

[0011] The system of the present disclosure may also arrange the positions of two or more transmitters such that their FOVs overlap. Such a configuration also has the same advantages and problems as the configuration of a multi-beam system.

[0012] When the beam is directed at a target, if safety measures permit, the power of the beam can be increased, thereby delivering a certain amount of increased power. The receiver can have more than one target. A target is an area intended for the beam to be incident.

[0013] The beam is typically emitted from a laser or other beam generator source inside the transmitter unit. Other types of collimated or nearly collimated beams can also be used. The shape and size of the beam are preferably operated to form a spot that is not larger than the target within the desired range, or to form a spot that is not much larger, so that the receiver can absorb most of the power. The transmitted beam power is attenuated by the control of the beam source, and similarly, it can be turned off at the beam source or by using a mechanical or electro-optical shutter.

[0014] The beam can be steered by a beam steering element such as a movable or scanning mirror or an acousto-optic reflector​​​​​​​​​​​ The element is used to be directed towards the target. Then, the beam travels through the space and across optical components such as a dust window on its way out from the transmitter. It is advantageous to select a wavelength with low attenuation in the environment. Then, the beam reaches the receiver front window. The receiver front window may be coated with an anti-reflection (AR) coating, but no significant reflection from the front window will occur. Such reflection may occur because the beam may strike the receiver from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. In the environment, it is advantageous to select a wavelength with low attenuation. Then, the beam reaches the receiver front window. The receiver front window may be coated with an anti-reflection (AR) coating, but no significant reflection from the front window will occur. Such reflection may occur because the beam may strike the receiver from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. to the receiver front window. The receiver front window may be coated with an anti-reflection (AR) coating, but no significant reflection from the front window will occur. Such reflection may occur because the beam may strike the receiver from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. from the front window will occur. Such reflection may cause the beam to strike the receiver from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. from different directions where it is not operating at its optimal effect, or the AR coating may be damaged or incomplete, or the front surface may be dirty, such as being contaminated by dust or droplet liquid. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. Typically, a small portion of the beam is then reflected peripherally by the front surface of the receiver, and typically most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy. Typically, most of the beam can be absorbed by the receiver and converted into electrical energy.

[0015] Power from a number of absorber targets in the receiver is typically combined into a single electrical output of a single voltage. Power from a number of absorber targets in the receiver is typically combined into a single electrical output of a single voltage.

[0016] Unlike prior art single beam systems or prior art fixed systems where all reflections are known and controlled, when there are multiple beams propagating in the same space and the target moves freely, as in the case of a system for providing wireless power to a mobile phone indoors, there are many additional risks caused by the presence of multiple beams, which can pose further difficulties in constructing a safe and efficient working system. Unlike prior art single beam systems or prior art fixed systems where all reflections are known and controlled, when there are multiple beams propagating in the same space and the target moves freely, as in the case of a system for providing wireless power to a mobile phone indoors, there are many additional risks caused by the presence of multiple beams, which can pose further difficulties in constructing a safe and efficient working system. where there are multiple beams propagating in the same space and the target moves freely, as in the case of a system for providing wireless power to a mobile phone indoors, there are many additional risks caused by the presence of multiple beams, which can pose further difficulties in constructing a safe and efficient working system. where there are multiple beams propagating in the same space and the target moves freely, as in the case of a system for providing wireless power to a mobile phone indoors, there are many additional risks caused by the presence of multiple beams, which can pose further difficulties in constructing a safe and efficient working system. which can pose further difficulties in constructing a safe and efficient working system.

[0017] Intersection of beams

[0018] Specifically, when a large number of beams are freely directed within the same space, new risks arise. One such new risk is the problem that the beam power increases at any point where the propagating beams intersect. The prior art safety systems typically concern whether a specific beam is safe. In this case, the danger area is in the form of the beam trajectory line, and when an object such as a human or a pet approaches the line, the safety system responds in a manner that ensures a safe response to the intrusion. When there are a large number of beams, there are beam intersections that can generally pose a higher risk to humans and pets. Such intersections occur when two or, very rarely, more than two transmitting beams cross each other, or when two (or more) beams reflected from a receiver cross each other, or when a reflected beam crosses a transmitting beam. When two such beams cross, even if the power lost from each individual beam is small, the exposure can exceed the value designed for a single system and exceed the safety limit. It should be noted that different safety systems may look for different parameters to determine safety. Furthermore, some parameters such as the beam diameter can be known at different positions in the beam, so the safety system can be based on any of power loss, power loss per area, a portion of the area covered, a portion of the power covered, or many other similar parameters. For example, if the safety limit for each beam is designed such that the safety system prevents exposure of E (mW) from the beam when E (mW) is the safe exposure level, at the intersection of two beams, a human or a pet may

[0019] When two such beams cross, even if the power lost from each individual beam is small, the exposure can exceed the value designed for a single system and exceed the safety limit. It should be noted that different safety systems may look for different parameters to determine safety. Furthermore, some parameters such as the beam diameter can be known at different positions in the beam, so the safety system can be based on any of power loss, power loss per area, a portion of the area covered, a portion of the power covered, or many other similar parameters. For example, if the safety limit for each beam is designed such that the safety system prevents exposure of E (mW) from the beam when E (mW) is the safe exposure level, at the intersection of two beams, a human or a pet may ​​​​​​​​​​​It is exposed up to 2E (mW). This exceeds the required safety level.

[0020] The system described herein can calculate and measure the transmitted and reflected beams within the system and can analyze the intersections between the beams, so that, if necessary, any subsequent hazards can also be mitigated.

[0021] The system described herein also provides a method for detecting such intersections, estimating the associated risks, and taking actions to avoid such risks

[0022] The system described herein further provides an easily implementable method for determining such risks.

[0023] The system described herein also provides a number of methods for determining the relative positions of different systems.

[0024] The system described herein can determine the beam starting points and beam directions within a common coordinate system of the relevant components of the system.

[0025] The system of the present disclosure can determine the absolute reflection directions in the spatial domain with respect to other beams in the vicinity, i.e., within or near the field of view.

[0026] The system described herein can also communicate with nearby systems or external systems, determine the relative positions and / or orientations of the nearby systems, particularly of the beams, and transmit the relative positions and / or orientations to the other systems or the external systems.

[0027] A plurality of receivers in the present system can communicate the orientation of the receiver, the identification ID, and the ID of the transmission beam powering the receiver.

[0028] ​​​After at least one of the systems shares this information, it calculates a "risk map" of potential intersections of the power beam with reflections from the receiver and determines whether there are points where the risk increases. If such a risk point is found, and optionally after estimating the total available power at the risk point , safety information is exchanged between different safety systems , or at least one beam is moved, or its power is reduced or switched off.

[0029] Once the locations and orientations of these sources, as well as the continuously variable locations and orientations of the receiver, and thus the directions of the reflections therefrom, become known, the problem of determining and warning of situations where two beams or their reflections intersect can be addressed. Multiple transmission beams from separate beam sources to a single transmitter are considered. Each beam is directed at a different target. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. An alternative way to determine whether an intersection occurs is based on the observation that the two lines need to be in a common plane if they intersect. Conversely, the two lines are in a common plane. If such a risk point is found, and optionally after estimating the total available power at the risk point , safety information is exchanged between different safety systems , or at least one beam is moved, or its power is reduced or switched off.

[0029] If such a risk point is found, and optionally after estimating the total available power at the risk point , safety information is exchanged between different safety systems , or at least one beam is moved, or its power is reduced or switched off.

[0029]

[0029] Once the locations and orientations of these sources, as well as the continuously variable locations and orientations of the receiver, and thus the directions of the reflections therefrom, become known, the problem of determining and warning of situations where two beams or their reflections intersect can be addressed. Multiple transmission beams from separate beam sources to a single transmitter are considered. Each beam is directed at a different target. Once the locations and orientations of these sources, as well as the continuously variable locations and orientations of the receiver, and thus the directions of the reflections therefrom, become known, the problem of determining and warning of situations where two beams or their reflections intersect can be addressed. Multiple transmission beams from separate beam sources to a single transmitter are considered. Each beam is directed at a different target. Once the locations and orientations of these sources, as well as the continuously variable locations and orientations of the receiver, and thus the directions of the reflections therefrom, become known, the problem of determining and warning of situations where two beams or their reflections intersect can be addressed. Multiple transmission beams from separate beam sources to a single transmitter are considered. Each beam is directed at a different target. Once the locations and orientations of these sources, as well as the continuously variable locations and orientations of the receiver, and thus the directions of the reflections therefrom, become known, the problem of determining and warning of situations where two beams or their reflections intersect can be addressed. Multiple transmission beams from separate beam sources to a single transmitter are considered. Each beam is directed at a different target. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect. Since the relative geometric positions of the two sources are known from the manufacture of the transmitter unit, and the positions and orientations of the targets are continuously known from an electronic module associated with the target, such as the compass / accelerometer MEMS device described below , the three-dimensional coordinate representation of each beam line also becomes known. By using geometric algorithms widely available based on three-dimensional Euclidean geometry, well-known in the industry, it can be reliably determined whether the two transmission beams intersect at a given location along the trajectory to the target, or have a skew trajectory and thus do not intersect.

[0030] An alternative way to determine whether an intersection occurs is based on the observation that the two lines need to be in a common plane if they intersect. Conversely, the two lines are in a common plane. An alternative way to determine whether an intersection occurs is based on the observation that the two lines need to be in a common plane if they intersect. Conversely, the two lines are in a common plane. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. In fact, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically the beam origin or its target. This is because these points are the best known and the easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within a few beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and further actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding a few beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety. If it can be determined that they do intersect, they must intersect under the condition that they are not incident simultaneously or under the condition that they are not parallel. The novel method of the present disclosure uses the following algorithm to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or at least approach an intersection point. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes is located. Then, it is determined whether the second beam passes through any of these incrementally rotated planes within a predetermined minimum distance from the first beam. If it passes through, these beams are considered to have an intersection point or a near intersection point, and appropriate actions must be taken to reduce the risk, such as shutting down or reducing at least the laser power of one of the beams, or deflecting one of the beams, to ensure laser safety.

[0031] In fact, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically the beam origin or its target. This is because these points are the best known and the easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within a few beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and further actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding a few beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low. In fact, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically the beam origin or its target. This is because these points are the best known and the easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within a few beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and further actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding a few beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low. In fact, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically the beam origin or its target. This is because these points are the best known and the easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within a few beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and further actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding a few beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low.

[0032] ​​​​​The advantage of this method is that when both beams are reflected by a single flat surface, such as the front surface of a receiver having more than one target, if the original beams do not intersect, the reflections will not intersect either. In such a case, there is no need to determine the orientation of the receiver or calculate the direction of the reflection. This is because the intersection point between the reflection from one beam and the reflection from the other beam can also be ignored, and even if beam intrusion occurs, the effect of the beams will not be cumulative as a result of being exposed to the transmission beam from the first side and the reflected beam from the second side. This is because when the original beams do not intersect, the reflections will not intersect either. In such a case, there is no need to determine the orientation of the receiver or calculate the direction of the reflection. This is because the intersection point between the reflection from one beam and the reflection from the other beam can also be ignored, and even if beam intrusion occurs, the effect of the beams will not be cumulative as a result of being exposed to the transmission beam from the first side and the reflected beam from the second side. This is because the intersection point between the reflection from one beam and the reflection from the other beam can also be ignored, and even if beam intrusion occurs, the effect of the beams will not be cumulative as a result of being exposed to the transmission beam from the first side and the reflected beam from the second side. This is because the intersection point between the reflection from one beam and the reflection from the other beam can also be ignored, and even if beam intrusion occurs, the effect of the beams will not be cumulative as a result of being exposed to the transmission beam from the first side and the reflected beam from the second side. from.

[0033] This procedure is computationally faster than calculating the reflection direction involved in determining the relevant receiver direction, and safety estimates can be obtained for all receivers having multiple targets and a single flat incident window. This procedure is computationally faster than calculating the reflection direction involved in determining the relevant receiver direction, and safety estimates can be obtained for all receivers having multiple targets and a single flat incident window. is obtained.

[0034] If the two beams are diverging from these sources, the initial risk potential is also considered to be low initial risk potential, and no trigger for a safety warning event will occur. On the other hand, if the beams are converging and are in the same plane, the system will either change at least the power, direction, or other beam parameters (such as duty cycle) of a single beam, or combine data from two separate safety systems and implement strict criteria to take action in the indicated intersection event. If the two beams are diverging from these sources, the initial risk potential is also considered to be low initial risk potential, and no trigger for a safety warning event will occur. On the other hand, if the beams are converging and are in the same plane, the system will either change at least the power, direction, or other beam parameters (such as duty cycle) of a single beam, or combine data from two separate safety systems and implement strict criteria to take action in the indicated intersection event. If the two beams are converging and are in the same plane, the system will either change at least the power, direction, or other beam parameters (such as duty cycle) of a single beam, or combine data from two separate safety systems and implement strict criteria to take action in the indicated intersection event. If the two beams are converging and are in the same plane, the system will either change at least the power, direction, or other beam parameters (such as duty cycle) of a single beam, or combine data from two separate safety systems and implement strict criteria to take action in the indicated intersection event. If the two beams are converging and are in the same plane, the system will either change at least the power, direction, or other beam parameters (such as duty cycle) of a single beam, or combine data from two separate safety systems and implement strict criteria to take action in the indicated intersection event. or.

[0035] This rapid evaluation procedure can respond to the situation where the two beams substantially intersect each other (which also means that both beams are in the same plane) by beam attenuation, turning off, or shifting. This rapid evaluation procedure can respond to the situation where the two beams substantially intersect each other (which also means that both beams are in the same plane) by beam attenuation, turning off, or shifting. by.

[0036] An alternative to beam attenuation, turn-off, or shift is to combine risk estimations from both safety systems to sensitize the two safety systems and thereby maintain system safety. If the beam is not on the same plane or not converging, the orientation of the receiver is determined, the position of the receiver is determined, and the reflection of the beam from the front surface is calculated. If the beam or its reflection intersects or passes near another beam, an action to reduce the risk is taken. This is the case.

[0037] When the beam is not on the same plane or not converging, the orientation of the receiver is determined, the position of the receiver is determined, and the reflection of the beam from the front surface is calculated. If the beam or its reflection intersects or passes near another beam, an action to reduce the risk is taken. Such an action may be to combine data from both safety systems to estimate the combined risk from the two systems. This typically results in a sensitive threshold for turning off the beam. Alternatively, at least one of the beams is power-reduced or position-shifted. This is the case.

[0038] In many situations, when the system is equipped with more than two beams, it is preferable to use different pairs of two beams to perform the desired action. When each target and each beam have an identity, i.e., an ID, other components in the system can detect the ID, so the system can determine the source and target of each beam. The ID code of the receiver is identifiable by the transmitter, which is usually done by transmitting the code to the transmitter, but beam reflection detection results in a sensitive threshold for turning off the beam.

[0039] Alternatively, at least one of the beams is power-reduced or position-shifted.

[0040] In many situations, when the system is equipped with more than two beams, it is preferable to use different pairs of two beams to perform the desired action. This is the case.

[0041] Definition of beam trajectory

[0042] When each target and each beam have an identity, i.e., an ID, other components in the system can detect the ID, so the system can determine the source and target of each beam. The ID code of the receiver is identifiable by the transmitter, which is usually done by transmitting the code to the transmitter, but beam reflection detection enables the system to determine the source and target of each beam. The ID code of the receiver is identifiable by the transmitter, which is usually done by transmitting the code to the transmitter, but beam reflection detection results in the ID code of the receiver being identifiable by the transmitter, which is usually done by transmitting the code to the transmitter, but beam reflection detection enables the ID code of the receiver to be identifiable by the transmitter, which is usually done by transmitting the code to the transmitter, but beam reflection detection Pattern identification, such as the patterns described below in connection with the output, or barcodes may also be used as an ID and can be used.

[0043] The system uses this data to determine a starting point and a target point that can also be the reflection point of the beam Each beam starts from the transmitter and aims at the receiver, but a reflection of a certain power can occur depending on the structure and orientation of the receiver The system determines the reflection characteristics of the beam, at least in part, based on the ID of the receiver

[0044] The system determines the reflection characteristics of the beam, at least in part, based on the ID of the receiver These characteristics include how much the beam is reflected, at what angle the beam is reflected, how much it diverges, and other characteristics, and characterize not only the transmitted beam but also the reflected beam These characteristics include how much the beam is reflected, at what angle the beam is reflected, how much it diverges, and other characteristics, and characterize not only the transmitted beam but also the reflected beam is characterized.

[0045] There should be at least one detection system for at least some of the positions, IDs, and relative directions of the beam emitters and receivers The receivers and transmitters may be equipped with an orientation detector including an accelerometer indicating the direction of the gravitational force and / or a compass indicating magnetic north The receivers and transmitters may be equipped with an orientation detector including an accelerometer indicating the direction of the gravitational force and / or a compass indicating magnetic north . Alternative implementations include (a) mechanical connection to a device with a known position, (b) a camera that determines the orientation, direction, or distance of other components in one of the components a camera that determines the orientation, direction, or distance of other components in one of the components the distance and orientation determined by analyzing the reflection from the diffraction grating of the component (d) a camera on the component that can be used to determine the relative position of the component based on analyzing the position of the surrounding objects, (e) the use of GPS, (f) the reflection of RF or sound from the component that can be used to determine the position and orientation, and (g) include determining the position of the receiver by triangulation from at least two beam sources. include determining the position of the receiver by triangulation from at least two beam sources.

[0046] The beam module can detect the relative position of another beam module by calculating the vector from itself to a known receiver and subtracting the vector from the other beam module to the same receiver. If the other beam module is powering different targets at a known distance from a first target, the vector is added to the calculation. Such a situation can occur, for example, when more than one target is equipped with a receiver to facilitate an increase in FOV or power.

[0047] The beam module can also detect the relative position of another beam module by receiving the position from a second system that already has that position.

[0048] Another way to fix the position of one laser system relative to the other is to mechanically connect the two systems using a rigid mechanical holder to ensure the distance and orientation between the two beam modules. When such a mechanical connection is made between two or more beam modules and information about the direction of laser oscillation between the modules is communicated, the system can calculate the trajectory of the beams to prevent them from intersecting each other.

[0049] Similarly, a way to fix the position of one target relative to the other is to mechanically connect the two targets using a rigid mechanical holder to ensure the relative distance and orientation between the two targets. When such a mechanical connection is made between two or more targets and the relative directions of the surfaces that cause reflections are known, and the direction of the incoming beam ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ When the direction is known, the direction of reflection can be predicted so that such reflection can respond when it intersects with other reflected beams or transmission beams.

[0050] Alternatively, a flexible receiver having more than one target may have sensors that allow determination and transmission of the relative position between its targets.

[0051] One way to determine the reflective surfaces of different targets is to have a common reflector, typically an integrated front window.

[0052] Control unit

[0053] The control unit is configured to take actions to resolve the problem in response to any beam from the intermediate surface, or two beams passing close to each other, or a transmission beam and a reflected beam passing close to each other, or a reflected beam and a transmission beam passing close to each other. Such actions may include reducing the power of one or more of the transmission beams or turning the beam completely off, directing one or more of the beams in a different direction, reducing the radiance of one or more of the beams, or causing the user to take an action, for example, by sounding an alarm signal.

[0054] Alternatively, the control unit may operate the safety system in a manner that takes into account the likelihood of combined risks from different beams, for example, by tightening the threshold for safety actions such as turning the beam off or deflecting it. For example, if two beams do not cross, the safety system may consider that 5% of the beam is blocked. On the other hand, if the beams cross, the safety threshold is 2 It may vary by up to .5%.

[0055] There needs to be a communication channel that gets the relevant data to the point where the decision is made. At least one of the above methods is used to receive data regarding the starting point position, the target, and the receiver orientation. There must be another control point in the system, the transmit beam and, if possible, The direction of at least some of the reflected beams is calculated, and if a problem is detected, a response is made. The decision made is then used to take action to resolve the problem. , may be distributed among several systems and among multiple locations within a system. The control points are the subsystems used in the power transmission device, both beam systems, and and in data communication with at least some of the receivers.

[0056] reflective surface

[0057] Another hazard that may be present in any beam delivery system is the presence of an unintended The presence of unintentional intervening reflective surfaces is a major factor in determining whether a This may not be taken into account by the safety system installed and may pose a danger to the user. To overcome this problem, the system detects such reflective surfaces in the beam path. and can turn off the beam, reduce its power, or change its direction. Alternatively or additionally, the system may be adapted to Ensure that the altered trajectory of the reflected beam is protected by enhanced safety system standards. Safety systems can also be configured to enforce strict safety standards to ensure It is also possible to take an action after giving a warning when reflection from the front surface of the receiver is detected. This can also be done.

[0058] The presence of reflection at a mirror somewhere along one of the orbits of the beam can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations. This can be easily confirmed by examining an image of the target seen along the same orbit as the beam was directed. The image of the target can advantageously be obtained by using a low-power beam source such as a scanning device that can scan the target to give the image. The target is equipped with an asymmetric pattern whose shape is known or whose shape can be verified by an algorithm, as in the case of a 2D barcode. The pattern should not be identical to itself by means of at least one mirror surface or improper rotation operation, and preferably has an asymmetry or a deviation from a symmetric pattern of a type that includes any rotation and movement operations as well as an odd number of mirror operations.

[0059] If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. On the other hand, if the scanned image exhibits a symmetry opposite to that of the object, this indicates that the image path was reflected within the mirror and, consequently, the transmitted beam received the same reflection. The receiver detects the beam shape and determines whether it is a mirror image or determines some other uniqueness to determine it. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. If the scanned image of the object or the received beam shape exhibits the same symmetry as the shape of the object itself or the transmitted beam shape respectively, there may not be a mirror reflection occurring along that orbit. This is a conditional statement. This is because a false negative result occurs with an even number of mirrors, while a false positive result can occur with noise in the measurement channel. Transmit relevant information about the dot.

[0060] Such a pattern can consist of shapes, points, or distinguishable components. Multiple pa terns are distinguished by their positions, relative positions, responses (e.g., reflection, colored reflection, colored reflection , electronic response, blinking, RF transmission, movement, vibration, reflection characteristics, fluorescence, or any other response detectable outside the receiver .

[0061] As an alternative to an asymmetric pattern, a barcode or 2D barcode can also be used to determine right-handed or left-handed order. When the track has not received a mirror reflection, the barcode is read as the intended correct code. On the other hand, when the track has received a reflection, the barcode is read as an incorrect code, and the presence of a mirror reflection can be easily determined. When the track has not received a mirror reflection, the barcode is read as the intended correct code. On the other hand, when the track has received a reflection, the barcode is read as an incorrect code, and the presence of a mirror reflection can be easily determined. When the track has received a reflection, the barcode is read as an incorrect code, and the presence of a mirror reflection can be easily determined. When the track has received a reflection, the barcode is read as an incorrect code, and the presence of a mirror reflection can be easily determined.

[0062] As an alternative to optically scanning the image of an asymmetric object on a target, the symmetry of the image can also be determined purely electronically. This method uses a series of symmetry targets. Each target is labeled with a signature code corresponding to its relative position, which can be transmitted to a transmitter through a network connection. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. As an alternative to optically scanning the image of an asymmetric object on a target, the symmetry of the image can also be determined purely electronically. This method uses a series of symmetry targets. Each target is labeled with a signature code corresponding to its relative position, which can be transmitted to a transmitter through a network connection. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. Each target is labeled with a signature code corresponding to its relative position, which can be transmitted to a transmitter through a network connection. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. Each target is labeled with a signature code corresponding to its relative position, which can be transmitted to a transmitter through a network connection. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. The beam is moved from one target to an adjacent target, and a direction-sensing detector circuit can determine the direction order in which signals from the image are being read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read. This is achieved by noting whether a newly detected target, detected as soon as the electronic reading of the code determines that it is in the same direction as a direct path result without a symmetry inversion, or a symmetry inversion as a result of a mirror reflection in the opposite direction, is read.

[0063] For example, systems that combine both optical and electronic methods, such as a partially symmetric optical pattern in one direction and a partially symmetric electronic pattern in the other direction, can also be implemented.

[0064] Electron transmission can also be replaced by other means such as data communication using infrared, ultrasonic, or optical signals.

[0065] Combining the power outputs from multiple photovoltaic cells

[0066] In a receiver, when two or more targets are used to absorb the power of two or more incident beams and convert it into power, the power from different photovoltaic (PV) circuits can be combined into a single power source. There are various ways to achieve this combination.

[0067] The voltage from a single PV cell is typically not high enough for the operation of electronic circuits that perform some essential safety functions to increase the system's power output above a minimum safe level.

[0068] Therefore, combining the voltages from multiple cells connected in series is typically an option in many prior art systems to generate the high voltages required by electronic circuits.

[0069] The voltage from a single or multiple cells requires a DC / DC conversion circuit to increase the voltage to a level at which most electronic circuits can operate. Typically, most silicon-based electronic circuits operate above 1.2 (V), and optionally at 1.8 (V), 3.3 (V ), and 5 (V). Some circuits operate at low voltages but below 1 (V). ​​​​​​​​ Designing a circuit that operates is difficult, and designing a circuit that operates below 0.8 (V) is extremely difficult. Cells used for the purpose of wireless power transmission using infrared light typically generate less than 0.5 (V) per contact, and typically only a single junction per cell is used.

[0070] In the system described herein, there may be more than one PV cell per receiver, and the power outputs from different cells are combined and supplied to a DC / DC converter to exceed a voltage of 1 (V).

[0071] When the outputs from a number of PV cells are connected in series, the DC / DC circuit has optimal performance when operating at a voltage near the sum of the voltages of the different cells. The drawback of connecting cells in series is that the power can only be converted to a high voltage when all the PV cells are generating at least a certain current. This is because the current flowing through all the cells must be equal. In some cases, this limitation prevents the auxiliary electronic subsystems in the receiver from being turned on until all the cells are illuminated. Such auxiliary systems may be required for various important tasks, such as the identification of the charging beam and the transmission of safety data to the transmitter. In such cases, since the direction of reflection from the first beam is unknown, the reflection from the first beam may intersect the second beam and create a dangerous spot. Here, it is necessary to be strict about the safety margin. When both beams are equal, it is typical to double it.

[0072] The present disclosure describes six possible solutions to avoid such problems as follows, depending on the implementation. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0073] (a) After locking the first beam onto the target, until a response from the receiver is received, maintain the power of the transmission beam below 50% of the safety threshold. This can be achieved either by increasing the sensitivity of the safety system or, for example, turning beam 1 on for a short time, locking onto the target, turning it off, then turning beam 2 on, locking onto the target, turning it off, and restarting again until both beams are locked onto the target, either by separating the beams temporally in this way.

[0074] (b) Provide a second power source to the receiver that allows the operation of the auxiliary system even when only one beam irradiates one PV cell. Such an auxiliary power source can be recharged later when all PV cells are irradiated.

[0075] (c) Configure the DC / DC circuit to allow operation in both series mode and single PV mode and respond even when only a single PV cell is irradiated.

[0076] (d) Connect the cells in parallel before irradiation, and then connect the cells once irradiation is detected.

[0077] (e) Connect each cell separately to a different DC / DC converter and connect the outputs in parallel or in series.

[0078] (f) Connect the cells in parallel.

[0079] The outputs from a number of PV cells can be connected in parallel. Typically, for this purpose, The DC / DC circuit is required to be designed for low operating voltage and high current. This generally results in either low efficiency or high cost, but there is an additional advantage that the circuit can operate even when only a single cell is irradiated, without an additional power source and without a DC / DC circuit that can operate in both modes. When more than one PV cell is present, the PV cells can be operated in a combination of series and parallel connections, as long as the system maintains the ability to respond when only a single PV cell is irradiated. This can be done by connecting each PV cell directly to the DC / DC circuit before irradiation of at least a second cell, or by using another energy source for the necessary safety function before irradiation of the second cell. Utilization of the output of the photovoltaic cell

[0080] Typically, the output of the receiver should supply a constant stabilized voltage, such as 3.3 (V) or 5 (V), maintained within a narrow margin from the nominal voltage. The energy level at the input of the PV cell is controlled by the transmitter but is affected by many other factors, many of which are not under the control of the system. For example, there is the effect of a person walking around with the receiver. Therefore, it is difficult to supply the exact amount of energy required by the client load. Often, excess energy is generated, and such excess energy is converted to excess current at the converter output if the voltage is fixed, and to excess voltage if the voltage is not fixed. This excess current can cause a harmful voltage increase to the client load. The PV cells can be operated in a combination of series and parallel connections, as long as the system maintains the ability to respond when only a single PV cell is irradiated. This can be done by connecting each PV cell directly to the DC / DC circuit before irradiation of at least a second cell, or by using another energy source for the necessary safety function before irradiation of the second cell. This can be done by connecting each PV cell directly to the DC / DC circuit before irradiation of at least a second cell, or by using another energy source for the necessary safety function before irradiation of the second cell. This can be done by connecting each PV cell directly to the DC / DC circuit before irradiation of at least a second cell, or by using another energy source for the necessary safety function before irradiation of the second cell. This can be done by connecting each PV cell directly to the DC / DC circuit before irradiation of at least a second cell, or by using another energy source for the necessary safety function before irradiation of the second cell.

[0081] Utilization of the output of the photovoltaic cell

[0082] Typically, the output of the receiver should supply a constant stabilized voltage, such as 3.3 (V) or 5 (V), maintained within a narrow margin from the nominal voltage. The energy level at the input of the PV cell is controlled by the transmitter but is affected by many other factors, many of which are not under the control of the system. For example, there is the effect of a person walking around with the receiver. Therefore, it is difficult to supply the exact amount of energy required by the client load. Often, excess energy is generated, and such excess energy is converted to excess current at the converter output if the voltage is fixed, and to excess voltage if the voltage is not fixed. This excess current can cause a harmful voltage increase to the client load. This excess current can cause a harmful voltage increase to the client load. This excess current can cause a harmful voltage increase to the client load. Since it cannot be forcibly supplied to the client load without, forms of energy other than electrical energy need to be stored or converted.

[0083] This disclosure proposes several methods for storing excess current or converting it into different forms of energy.

[0084] First, excess energy can be stored in a capacitor and / or coil.

[0085] If a battery is present, excess energy can be supplied to the battery and stored there 。

[0086] Excess energy can also be propagated by being transmitted in the form of radio waves, light, or infrared energy from a receiver .

[0087] Finally, this energy can typically be converted to heat using a resistor or a Zener diode .

[0088] The Zener diode is advantageous because it helps maintain a constant voltage at the output. Typically, the Zener diode is selected to conduct at a voltage slightly higher than the desired output voltage and has the advantages of fast response and low cost.

[0089] Another way to convert excess energy to heat is by operating a photovoltaic cell at a voltage different from its maximum power point (MPP) voltage. The power transfer efficiency from a PV cell depends on both the beam power incident on it and the electrical characteristics of the client load. Since the beam irradiation level is variable, the load characteristics that give the highest power transfer efficiency are also variable. The efficiency of the system is . , optimized when the load characteristics maintain power transmission at maximum efficiency. This load characteristic is referred to as the MPP, and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit is used to present a load to the PV cells to obtain the most useful power output. By using a circuit that intentionally shifts the operating point from the MPP, the photovoltaic efficiency can be reduced, and delivering the correct power at the correct voltage to the target can be achieved under conditions where there is excess energy to be discarded.

[0090] Intrasystem and Intrasystem Communication

[0091] To prevent beams from being generated by different transmitters that share at least a portion of the same field of view, data needs to be transferred between systems to signal within the volumes occupied by the different beams. Each system should be able to send at least one indication that signals that its field of view can be occupied by a laser beam. Typically, a set of data is transmitted that includes the number of beams, wavelength, power, origin in 3D space, direction in 3D space, beam diameter or equivalent, detection capabilities, coherence length data, timing and duty cycle of the beam data, future trends of the beam data, as well as manufacturer code and network parameters.

[0092] Each system should be able to respond to at least one subset of this data. This data can be sent between systems, peer-to-peer, or to a common server, and can be received from other peers or a primary server. Typically, the data received and transmitted is similar, such as the cylinder in which the beam is currently transmitting power, for aiming the laser. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​The direction to be avoided is interpretable by the system. The beam module has different operating fields of view when the same field of view or a portion thereof is covered by other beams, for example, to avoid power supply to a target that is already powered by another beam, as in an instruction to that effect, and is managed.

[0093] Via the communication channel or an additional separate channel, the beam module can detect other beam modules in its vicinity. The present disclosure proposes four ways to enable the beam module to detect the presence of other beam modules that cover the same field of view or a portion thereof.

[0094] (a) In a first system, a receiver that optically communicates with more than one beam detects, by identifying the beam IDs, that the receiver is within the field of view of more than one beam. The receiver then transmits a signal indicating that other receivers are present nearby, and this signal is received by at least one of the beam modules or by an external control unit.

[0095] (b) In a second system, each beam module transmits a signal received by other systems, for example, by scanning its field of view with its laser, and this signal is received by other beam modules and is interpreted as indicating that other systems are present nearby.

[0096] (c) In a third system, the user himself indicates the presence of other systems that share the same field of view with one or more systems.

[0097] ​​​​​​​​​​​​(d) In the fourth system, the manufacturer mechanically connects some beam modules together. They are packaged together, for example by connecting them together, and the systems are configured to recognize each other.

[0098] Communications may occur directly between systems or over a network or server connection. can be done.

[0099] That is, according to an exemplary implementation of the device described in this disclosure, a beam source and a number of A method for ensuring safety in a multi-beam wireless power transmission system including a target is provided, This method is (a) Any point on the orbit of at least two beams is closer to each other than a predetermined safety distance. determining whether or not the target is approaching, and if so, (i) attenuating at least one of the beams; (ii) turning off at least one beam; and (iii) at least deflecting at least one of the beams; or transmitting data associated with the decision to a controller, Based on the analysis of the data, the controller may: (i) attenuate at least one of the beams; (ii) turning off at least one beam; and (iii) turning off at least and deflecting one of the beams. (b) receiving image data of a pattern on a target at the power transmission system; By this, it is possible to detect whether a reflective surface is present in the path of any of the beams, and to extract the reflected light from the image data. The image generated from the target is compared with the image data of the pattern on the target to obtain a mirror image. and if so, at least the image data of the pattern is in the form of a mirror image. Attenuating, (ii) turning off, and (iii) deflecting a beam directed at a target having a state, or at least one of the steps of performing at least one of the steps of deflecting the beam, or And (iii) at least one of deflecting the beam, or Transmitting the data associated with the determination to a controller, wherein the controller, based on the analysis of the data, at least the image data of the pattern is a mirror image Of a target having a form, a beam directed at the target is adapted to perform at least one of (i) attenuating, (ii) turning off, and (iii) deflecting the beam Attenuating, (ii) turning off, and (iii) deflecting a beam directed at a target having a state, or at least one of the steps of performing at least one of the steps of deflecting the beam, or And (iii) at least one of deflecting the beam, or Step and Including.

[0100] In the above method, the image data may be electronic image data obtained by scanning the target with a beam. Therefore, the image data can be accumulated by collecting electronic data transmitted from the target or by using a camera. Of the electronic data transmitted from the target, or by using a camera. Can be accumulated. Including.

[0101] The above method further includes the step of issuing an alarm if either of the determinations in steps (a) and (b) is positive. Including.

[0102] Additionally, in any of the above methods, at least one of the beams may be a transmission beam from a beam source or a reflected beam from a target. Or as a reflected beam from a target.

[0103] According to a further implementation example of the above method, attenuating the beam may be performed by adjusting the beam source, turning off the beam may be performed at the beam source or by using a shutter, and deflecting at least one beam may be performed by using a beam scanning device. By adjusting the beam source, turning off the beam may be performed at the beam source or by using a shutter, and deflecting at least one beam may be performed by using a beam scanning device. At the beam source or by using a shutter, and deflecting at least one beam may be performed by using a beam scanning device. May be performed by using a beam scanning device.

[0104] Furthermore, the trajectory of the beam transmitted by the beam source is determined based on the known position of the beam source. The known placement of the beam scanner device used to direct the beam in space. In the case of a reflected beam, the position and orientation may be determined by using the Ascertaining the trajectory of the transmitted beam striking the target and the position and orientation of the target. In this case, the position and orientation of the target can be determined by By using an accelerometer and a compass mounted at a known position relative to the Alternatively, the position and orientation of the target may be determined by a sensor that is mechanically connected to the target. The target image or pattern on the target may be received from a device that has the target. This may be calculated by analyzing the

[0105] In any of the above methods, any point on the trajectory of at least two beams is Determining whether the objects are closer to each other than a certain safe distance is (i) determining a position and orientation of a first beam and a second beam; (ii) calculating at least one plane that includes the first beam, the plane being each including a trajectory of a first beam; (iii) determining at least one point where the second beam intersects the at least one plane; To do, (iv) measuring a distance between each of the at least one points from the trajectory of the first beam; Toto may include:

[0106] According to yet a further implementation of the above-mentioned method, at least one of the at least two beams on the trajectory If any points are approaching each other closer than a predetermined safe distance, further analysis involves determining whether the predicted combined power level of at least two beams is greater than a predetermined safe level .

[0107] Analysis of data obtained from the step of determining whether any points on the trajectories of at least two beams are approaching each other closer than a predetermined safe distance further includes calculating the overall risk associated with two or more beams by considering both the probability of intersection of the beams and the probability that the combined power level of the beams exceeds a predetermined safe level . Finally, in any of the above methods, at least some of the targets may be attached to a mobile phone device.

[0108] Also provided in accordance with other implementations described in this disclosure is a system for transmitting wireless power to a plurality of targets adapted to receive the wireless power, the system comprising :

[0109] (i) at least two beam sources each generating a beam of wireless power; (ii) a beam scanning device associated with each beam source, each being a beam scanning device adapted to direct a transmission beam directly at a target; (iii) an imaging unit disposed in the transmission system and adapted to generate image data of a pattern at any of the targets; (iv) a controller ; The controller is configured to (a) determine whether any points on the trajectories of at least two beams are approaching each other closer than a predetermined safe distance ; and (b) if so, further analyze whether the predicted combined power level of at least two beams is greater than a predetermined safe level Determine whether it is attached, and if approaching, (i) attenuate at least one beam causing, (ii) turning off at least one beam, and (iii) deflecting at least at least one of the one beam so that the system performs at least one of the following: configuring the controller; and (b) By receiving the image data of the pattern in the transmission system, whether there is a reflective surface in any path of the beam is detected, and whether the generated image from the image data has a mirror image form compared with the image data of the pattern on the target is determined. If so, (i) attenuating at least one beam, ( ii) turning off at least one beam, and (iii) deflecting at least one beam so that the system performs at least one of the following: configuring the controller to cause the system to perform at least one of deflecting the beam; and steps to configure the controller configured to perform.

[0110] In such a system, the relative geometric positions of at least two beam sources are already known.

[0111] In the above system, this knowledge is due to the mechanical connection between them, or (a) the relative vector positions of at least two targets, and (b) the vector position of the first target that receives the beam from the first beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the first beam source, and (c) the vector position of the second target that receives the beam from the second beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the second beam source (c) the vector position of the second target that receives the beam from the second beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the second beam source Based on the vector calculation of the vector position of the second target that receives the beam from the second beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the second beam source can be obtained by performing a vector calculation based on. In this case, the at least The relative positions of at least two targets are known thanks to the at least two targets being incorporated into a single receiver.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0112] The present invention will be more fully understood and recognized from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.

[0113]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0114] Referring now to FIG. 1, a multi-beam transmitter 1 is schematically shown. This emits three separate beams 2, 3, 4 towards receivers 6 and 7 and incorporates a controller 12 that controls the associated operations of the system described in the above summary section. Although FIG. 1 shows the control system as being mounted on the transmitter unit, as described in the above summary section, it may be located anywhere or distributed across several nearby systems and locations. The receiver 6 includes a single target 5 towards which beam 2 is directed. The power of beam 2 is converted by the receiver 6 into a stable voltage power supply that can be integrated into the receiver and supplied to a client device (not shown in the drawing, for example a telephone) through a power connector 10. Both beams 3 and 4 are used to deliver power to the multi-target receiver 7. Beam 3 is directed towards target 8 and beam 4 is directed towards target 9. The receiver 7 converts the optical power from both beams 3 and 4 into electrical power, sums the electrical power from both beams, and delivers that power to the device to be charged.

[0115] The receiver 6 responds by transmitting data when beam 2 is detected. The receiver 7 responds by transmitting data when either beam 3 or beam 4 is detected. The method of data transmission is not shown but is typically achieved through RF, IR, or through an Internet

[0116] connection and is received by the transmitter for data analysis purposes. Transmission typically includes the receiver ID, the ID of the single or multiple beams, the received power, the total and each The receiver 6 converts the optical power from beam 2 into electrical power that can be integrated into the receiver and supplied to a client device (not shown in the drawing, for example a telephone) through a power connector 10.

[0117] Both beams 3 and 4 are used to deliver power to the multi-target receiver 7. Beam 3 is directed towards target 8 and beam 4 is directed towards target 9. The receiver 7 converts the optical power from both beams 3 and 4 into electrical power, sums the electrical power from both beams, and delivers that power to the device to be charged.

[0118] The receiver 6 responds by transmitting data when beam 2 is detected. The receiver 7 responds by transmitting data when either beam 3 or beam 4 is detected.

[0119] Transmission typically includes the receiver ID, the ID of the single or multiple beams, the received power, the total and each Whether or not a beam hits, and includes orientation information, but may also include other data or just a part of such data can also include.

[0120] Beams 2, 3 and 4 are not shown as intersecting each other, but exist on the same plane not. Reflections from these receivers also do not intersect each other and do not operate with the incident beam either.

[0121] Referring now to FIG. 2, a multi-beam transmitter 21 and a single-beam transmitter 22 are shown. The multi beam transmitter 21 includes a first beam module consisting of a laser 23 and a steering mirror SM1 and has a field of view limited by the maximum ability of the steering mirror SM1 to tilt the beam . The field of view FOV1 extends from a line passing through the steering mirror SM1 and the point p4 at one range of the field of view to a line passing through the steering mirror SM1 and the point p1 at the other range of the field of view . It should be understood that this description gives a two-dimensional explanation due to the nature of the 2D drawing , but the actual field of view is typically a 3D rotation of such a 2D representation.

[0122] The transmitter 21 also includes a second beam module consisting of a laser 26 and a steering mirror SM2 and has a field of view limited by the maximum ability of the steering mirror SM2 to tilt the beam . The field of view FOV2 extends to a line passing through the steering mirror SM2 and the point p5 at one end and to a line passing through the steering mirror SM2 and the point p2 . It should be understood that such a description is two-dimensional due to the nature of this 2D drawing, but the actual field of view is typically a 3D rotation of such a 2D representation.

[0123] The transmitter 22 also includes a third beam module consisting of a laser 28 and a steering mirror SM3, and has a field of view limited by the maximum ability of the steering mirror SM3 to tilt the beam. The field of view FOV3 extends to a line passing through the steering mirror SM3 and the point p6 at one end and to a line passing through the steering mirror SM3 and the point p3. It should be understood that although this description is two-dimensional due to the nature of this 2D drawing, the actual field of view is typically a 3D rotation of such a 2D representation. The receiver 24 is located inside FOV1 and FOV2 and outside FOV3. The receiver 25 is located inside FOV3 and FOV2 and outside FOV1. Therefore, the receiver 24 can be powered using the laser 23 or the laser 26. Therefore, the receiver 25 can be powered using the laser 26 or the laser 28.

[0124] The receivers 24 and 25 typically detect which beam is powering the receivers 24 and 25 when a beam is present by decoding information typically encoded on the beam itself. Each receiver measures the received power of the beam powering it and transmits receiver ID, receiver orientation, detected beam ID, received power per beam, capabilities, and other data. These data are received by both the transmitters 21 and 22 and, in some cases, by other receivers and system components.

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] ​​​​​​​​​​​Transmitter 21 recognizes the relative starting points and directions of lasers 23 and 26. This is because the in-space position and orientation of the steering mirror are known, just like the position of the receiver, and therefore transmitter 21 can direct the beams so as to avoid intersection. When both laser beams are in the same plane and converge, transmitter 21 calculates the intersection point (if any) and estimates the risks from both beams to determine whether there is an overall risk. When both laser beams are in the same plane and converge, transmitter 21 calculates the intersection point (if any) and estimates the risks from both beams to determine whether there is an overall risk. When both laser beams are in the same plane and converge, transmitter 21 calculates the intersection point (if any) and estimates the risks from both beams to determine whether there is an overall risk. When both laser beams are in the same plane and converge, transmitter 21 calculates the intersection point (if any) and estimates the risks from both beams to determine whether there is an overall risk. When both laser beams are in the same plane and converge, transmitter 21 calculates the intersection point (if any) and estimates the risks from both beams to determine whether there is an overall risk.

[0130] When transmitter 21 receives data from receivers 24 and 25, based on the model ID and inclination (usually calculated with respect to the gravitational vertical and magnetic north) and the range of each receiver, it calculates the direction of reflection from each receiver and, if there is a potential intersection point, evaluates where it is located. When transmitter 21 receives data from receivers 24 and 25, based on the model ID and inclination (usually calculated with respect to the gravitational vertical and magnetic north) and the range of each receiver, it calculates the direction of reflection from each receiver and, if there is a potential intersection point, evaluates where it is located. When transmitter 21 receives data from receivers 24 and 25, based on the model ID and inclination (usually calculated with respect to the gravitational vertical and magnetic north) and the range of each receiver, it calculates the direction of reflection from each receiver and, if there is a potential intersection point, evaluates where it is located. When transmitter 21 receives data from receivers 24 and 25, based on the model ID and inclination (usually calculated with respect to the gravitational vertical and magnetic north) and the range of each receiver, it calculates the direction of reflection from each receiver and, if there is a potential intersection point, evaluates where it is located.

[0131] Since receiver 25 is within the fields of view of both transmitters 21 and 22, it can detect and report the beams sent by each transmitter. The transmitter that does not send a beam receives the report transmission and initiates a procedure to locate and communicate with the other transmitter sharing the same field of view. Since receiver 25 is within the fields of view of both transmitters 21 and 22, it can detect and report the beams sent by each transmitter. The transmitter that does not send a beam receives the report transmission and initiates a procedure to locate and communicate with the other transmitter sharing the same field of view. Since receiver 25 is within the fields of view of both transmitters 21 and 22, it can detect and report the beams sent by each transmitter. The transmitter that does not send a beam receives the report transmission and initiates a procedure to locate and communicate with the other transmitter sharing the same field of view.

[0132] After establishing a communication channel between both transmitters 21 and 22, information regarding the direction and reflection of the beams is exchanged. After establishing a communication channel between both transmitters 21 and 22, information regarding the direction and reflection of the beams is exchanged. Referring now to Figure 3, a typical receiver 31 with two targets 32 and 34 is shown. This receives at least two beams 33 and 35, converts the power in the beams into electricity, and supplies that electricity through conductor 36 to a system that utilizes the power. Referring now to Figure 3, a typical receiver 31 with two targets 32 and 34 is shown. This receives at least two beams 33 and 35, converts the power in the beams into electricity, and supplies that electricity through conductor 36 to a system that utilizes the power. Referring now to Figure 3, a typical receiver 31 with two targets 32 and 34 is shown. This receives at least two beams 33 and 35, converts the power in the beams into electricity, and supplies that electricity through conductor 36 to a system that utilizes the power. Referring now to Figure 3, a typical receiver 31 with two targets 32 and 34 is shown. This receives at least two beams 33 and 35, converts the power in the beams into electricity, and supplies that electricity through conductor 36 to a system that utilizes the power.

[0133] Beams 33 and 35 have sizes and shapes that can be almost completely absorbed by the receiver 31 at both targets 32 and 34.

[0134] While beam 33 is directed at target 32 and completely surrounded by the boundary of target 32, beam 35, which is directed at target 34, spreads slightly from target 34. By using the scanning function of the beam source to image the target at low power, it is possible to ensure that a beam such as beam 35 is placed at the center of the target. Thereafter, the beam source can increase its power output to the output required for power transmission to the target. The receiver 31 has a front surface that can cause a reflection of a slight portion, typically 0.1% to 4%, but in some cases up to 25%, of either beam 33 or 35. The degree of reflection can depend on the contamination of the surface and the incident angle. The receiver 31 is equipped with a detector for detecting spatial orientation, such as a camera, compass, gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, GPS device, triangulation device, or an electronic connection to a device capable of determining relative orientation, and a data transmitter for communicating that information to a transmitter. By using an accelerometer as a gravity direction detector together with a compass, a general and inexpensive detection system can be easily achieved. Such devices are widely available as MEMS-based chips. The source of the transmitter also needs to be equipped with similar components so that the coordinate system of the receiver can be directly associated with the coordinate system of the source.

[0135] ​​​​​​​​​Triangulation data by measuring the distance or echo (sound, light, radio wave) from other devices The vice may be arranged in either the transmitter or the receiver.

[0136] The beam 35 is shown to be slightly off the target, which typically causes the receiver 36 to report either "message not on target" or a low received power measurement. either deviation.

[0137] Referring now to FIG. 4, the occurrence of beam intersections and the resulting hazards in a multi-beam transmission system as shown in FIG. 2 are shown.

[0138] In such a typical system, transmitters or beam generation modules 41 and 42 are transmitting beams 43 and 44 towards receivers 45 and 46 respectively. A portion of beam 44 is reflected as reflection 40 from the front surface of receiver 45. A portion of beam 43 is reflected as reflection 39 so as to exit from the surface of receiver 46. Beam 44 intersects beam 43 at point 47.

[0139] Reflection 40 intersects reflection 39 at point 49.

[0140] Beam 43 intersects reflection 40 at point 48.

[0141] It should be understood that the image in FIG. 4 is a 2D image used to illustrate the 3D situation, and there are expected differences between this and the 3D reality.

[0142] It should also be understood that in the real 3D world, beams and reflections have a width, the beams are close to each other, typically within a distance of 1 - 10 mm, and sometimes up to a distance of 50 mm. ​​​​​​​Any situation can have a similar result.

[0143] Persons or objects at points 47, 48, and 49 can be exposed to the radiance, power, energy, average energy over a circular area with diameters of 1 mm, 3.5 mm, 7 mm, 50 m m or 10 mm. Hot spots, i.e., hot spots created as a result of coherent or incoherent effects, that exceed the acceptable level are also other general risks from the system This risk can arise from various aspects of the exposure. The risk of skin burns arises from "hot spots". That is, eye damage is due to the average power over the pupil area The risk of fire from small particles from "hot spots" and the risk of fire from large particles depend on the total absorbed energy, and the risk to a person looking through the telescope at the system can be measured by the average of the power over the telescope lens (50 mm) The system must evaluate various risks. To prevent such exposures that exceed the acceptable level at such dangerous intersections, the system can either modify one or both beam parameters such as power or direction, or typically replace one beam with another Effects such as beam coherence, mechanical instability, optical and pointing instability, direction uncertainty, and system noise can significantly increase the distance considered dangerous between the beam / reflection. Points 47, 48, and 49 are considered "risk points" and require special attention in a safety system.

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] . Specifically, the safety system does not necessarily consider other beams in the vicinity with respect to other parts of the beam, but at such "dangerous points", the safety system needs to consider the parameters from both beams or avoid such situations. There is no need to consider other beams in the vicinity with respect to other parts of the beam, but at such "dangerous points", the safety system needs to consider the parameters from both beams or avoid such situations. There is no need to consider other beams in the vicinity with respect to other parts of the beam, but at such "dangerous points", the safety system needs to consider the parameters from both beams or avoid such situations.

[0147] Referring now to FIG. 5, a flowchart of a method for managing multi-beam transmission according to the method of the present application for ensuring proper control of beam intersection is shown. During transmission, the following method is continuously implemented. During transmission, the following method is continuously implemented. During transmission, the following method is continuously implemented.

[0148] In step 51, the system verifies whether any beam is being transmitted along a path that will collide with the mirror. If it is found that a beam is being transmitted through the mirror, in step 52, the beam is attenuated or typically turned off. If it is found that a beam is being transmitted through the mirror, in step 52, the beam is attenuated or typically turned off. If it is found that a beam is being transmitted through the mirror, in step 52, the beam is attenuated or typically turned off.

[0149] If no beam transmitted through the mirror is found, the system checks whether the beam exists in the same plane (53). For beams found to exist in the same plane, it is confirmed in step 54 whether they are diverging or converging. Steps 54 and 53 may be performed in any order. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams found to exist in the same plane, it is confirmed in step 54 whether they are diverging or converging. Steps 54 and 53 may be performed in any order. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams found to exist in the same plane, it is confirmed in step 54 whether they are diverging or converging. Steps 54 and 53 may be performed in any order. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. For beams in the same plane that are not converging, the range and direction of the reflection vector are determined in steps 55 and 56 (again, the order is not important), and then in step 57, it is estimated whether any two or more reflections are in the same plane. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. If nothing is found, in step 58, it is estimated whether any reflection is in the same plane as the beam. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60. If nothing is found, the system continues transmission and typically repeats some or all of these actions in step 60.

[0150] In step 54, when it is found that a plurality of beams converge and are in the same plane case, in step 59, data from two related safety systems are combined to perform a unified risk assessment for the two beams, and by doing so, the safety threshold is raised or at least one beam is attenuated or deflected. Similarly, in either step 57 or 58, even if the possibility of intersection is not determined,

[0151] if it is found that the beam / reflection is exactly in the same plane, the method also proceeds to step 59 where the same action is taken. Referring now to FIG. 6, it shows how the system determines whether any mirror surface is disposed within the path of any beam from the transmitter to the target. There is an asymmetric pattern 62 on the receiver 61. When scanned or viewed through the mirror, the receiver 61 appears as an image 65 having an asymmetric pattern 66. Since the pattern 66 is different from the pattern 62 for all types of rotation, the system detects that the image 65 has been viewed through the mirror and responds by turning off the beam.

[0152] The image 63 having the asymmetry pattern 64 is the pattern 62 as seen from the receiver 61. By rotating the pattern 64, it can be superimposed on the pattern 62, so it is clear to the system that the pattern 64 has not been viewed through the mirror or scanned. On the other hand, the pattern 68 on the image 67 of the receiver 61 is the pattern 62 known to the transmitter.

[0153]

[0154] ​​​​​​​​It cannot overlap. That is, the system can infer that pattern 68 is being viewed or scanned through a mirror reflection. It can be inferred that it is being viewed or scanned.

[0155] If the system detects a receiver and determines that the receiver is being viewed through a mirror, it refrains from transmitting power to the receiver through the mirror. The system can further record the position for further use. This may include refraining from scanning the same position again or reducing the frequency of such scanning. Calculating the mirror position requires detecting the actual object and its "mirror image", but can be done by solving the following pair of equations.

[0156] V1 = V2 + V3 V4 = V2 - V2 * |V3| / |V2| |V2| + |V3| = |V1| |V1| = |V4| Here, V1 is the vector to the actual object, V4 is the vector from the beam source to the "mirror image", |Vn| is the length of the vector |Vn|, V2 is the vector to the point on the mirror where the beam strikes the mirror, V3 is the vector from that point to the mirror image of the receiver.

[0157] There can be many variations in this scheme of vector calculation.

[0158] The mirror is found in V2, and its direction can be found by bisecting the angle formed by V2 and V3. It can be found.

[0159] The mirror position is further used to simplify the position of the actual receiver instead of the mirror image. It may also be that other "mirrors" of the receiver appear as if they are reflected by the same mirror. If found to be the case, the actual position of the receiver as seen through the mirror can be estimated to assist in identifying that position.

[0160] The asymmetric image may preferably be a 2D barcode that enables the identification of the receiver, its type, manufacturer, performance, and limitations. This data can then be further used for other purposes such as claims, quality of service, and many other uses.

[0161] Referring now to FIG. 7, a purely electronic method for determining the symmetry of the image target label is schematically shown.

[0162] PV1, PV2, PV3... PV6 are all beam targets that are equally spaced and aligned with the edges of a degenerate hexagon.

[0163] Such a pattern is optically symmetric because its mirror image is optically identical to the original pattern but appears as a rotation of the original pattern.

[0164] However, in the context of a receiver that can react differently to the irradiation of different parts of the pattern, such a pattern can become asymmetric. This is because the system can electronically identify each target.

[0165] For example, if the beam is directed at target PV3 (which may be the mirror image of PV4 on the opposite side of PV3), the system needs to hold this information. To verify that the beam has not undergone mirror reflection, the beam is then rotated clockwise or counterclockwise by one or more is directed towards the target located at the target step. The beam rotates clockwise and is directed towards one or more target steps and reaches the target shape PV4 (on the opposite side of PV2). This is not visible through the mirror. If it were visible through the mirror, it would reach the target shape PV2 (and not reach PV4 ). That is, the presence of mirror reflection in the monitored beam trajectory can be determined electronically, without the need for any imaging steps, by observing which target shape is imaged after a known beam movement.

[0166] A similar algorithm can be performed using multiple beams. Or, a pattern consisting of optical and electronic markings can also be used.

[0167] Referring now to FIG. 8, how the relative positions of two beam sources and their targets can be determined by vector subtraction of the known positions of the beam sources with respect to the targets at the receiver is schematically shown. The vector relationship between the two targets is known since both are built into a single receiver.

[0168] Both beam module 81 and beam module 82 for which the comparison position is sought are directed towards a power receiver 83 that includes two targets 84 and 85.

[0169] To determine the relative distance and direction of beam module 82 with respect to beam module 81, i.e., vector 86, beam module 81 is a receiver known by beam transmission ​​​​​​​​​Use the vector 87 which is the position of the target 84 in the device 83.

[0170] This also uses the vector 89, which is reported by the receiver 83 and is the direction and distance between the target 84 and the target 85. The direction and distance between the target 84 and the target 85.

[0171] This also uses the vector 88, which may be reported by the beam module 82, an external server, or the receiver 83. The vector 88 may be reported by the beam module 82, an external server, or the receiver 83.

[0172] The vector 87 + 89 - 88 needs to be equal to the vector 86 which is the position of the beam module 82 relative to the beam module 81. The vector 87 + 89 - 88 needs to be equal to the vector 86 which is the position of the beam module 82 relative to the beam module 81.

[0173] The beam module 82 performs similar calculations or receives information from the beam module 81 or the central control point. The beam module 81 can do the same. These situations can occur when there are many beam modules in the room and some of their positions are known. Then, when a new beam module is found, it can receive the position information and does not need to calculate. It only needs to locate the new beam module relative to another beam module. The beam module 82 performs similar calculations or receives information from the beam module 81 or the central control point. The beam module 81 can do the same. These situations can occur when there are many beam modules in the room and some of their positions are known. Then, when a new beam module is found, it can receive the position information and does not need to calculate. It only needs to locate the new beam module relative to another beam module. These situations can occur when there are many beam modules in the room and some of their positions are known. Then, when a new beam module is found, it can receive the position information and does not need to calculate. It only needs to locate the new beam module relative to another beam module. It only needs to locate the new beam module relative to another beam module. It only needs to locate the new beam module relative to another beam module.

[0174] In the present disclosure, as described in the above summary section, a new method is presented for determining whether two beams have an intersection or at least approach an intersection. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus is located relative to the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes. Then, the second beam is determined in advance. A new method is presented for determining whether two beams have an intersection or at least approach an intersection. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus is located relative to the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes. A set of planes is incrementally rotated around the trajectory of one beam, and thus is located relative to the common rotation axis of the incrementally rotated planes. It is determined whether any of these incrementally rotated planes are passed within the minimum distance from the first beam. If passed, these beams are considered to have an intersection or near intersection, and appropriate actions should be taken to reduce the risk, for example, by shutting down or reducing the power of at least one of the beams or deflecting one of the beams. In practice, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically obtained at the beam origin or its target because these points are the best known and easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within the number of beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding the number of beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low. If so, these beams are considered to have an intersection or near intersection, and appropriate actions should be taken to reduce the risk, for example, by shutting down or reducing the power of at least one of the beams or deflecting one of the beams. In order to ensure laser safety, for example, by shutting down or reducing the power of at least one of the beams or deflecting one of the beams. Or deflecting one of the beams, appropriate actions should be taken to reduce the risk. In practice, this method can be performed by calculating the plane formed by at least one point on the first beam and the second beam. This point is typically obtained at the beam origin or its target because these points are the best known and easiest to calculate. And when other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within the number of beam radii, the possibility of intersection is high, and actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding the number of beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low. When other points on the second beam are close to the first beam axis, typically within a few millimeters or within the number of beam radii. The possibility of intersection is high, and actions may be required to reduce the risk of such intersection as described above. On the other hand, when the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding the number of beam radii. The potential of the initial risk is low. When the point closest to the plane on the second beam is far from it, typically exceeding a few millimeters, exceeding the calculation error margin, or exceeding the number of beam radii, the potential of the initial risk is low.

[0175] Referring now to Figure 9, steps taken according to one typical procedure are described to check whether two beams intersect or at least pass within a predetermined minimum distance from each other. In step 91, the beams are drawn in three-dimensional geometric coordinates using information regarding the settings of the beam scanner in the beam transmitter, the position and orientation of the receiver, as described above. Steps taken according to one typical procedure are described to check whether two beams intersect or at least pass within a predetermined minimum distance from each other.

[0176] In step 91, the beams are drawn in three-dimensional geometric coordinates using information regarding the settings of the beam scanner in the beam transmitter, the position and orientation of the receiver, as described above. Using information regarding the settings of the beam scanner in the beam transmitter, the position and orientation of the receiver, as described above. The beams are drawn in three-dimensional geometric coordinates.

[0177] In step 92, one of the beam paths is selected, and a reference plane is defined to include the beam line.

[0178] In step 93, the intersection of the second beam and the reference plane is determined.

[0179] In step 94, the closest distance within the reference plane between the first beam path and the intersection of the second beam and the reference plane is the line from the intersection to the first beam path and is calculated by extending a line perpendicular to the first beam path.

[0180] In step 95, that closest distance is recorded and associated with the angle of the reference plane for which the previous step was performed.

[0181] Thereafter, in step 96, the reference plane including the first beam path representation is rotated about the line of the first beam path by a predetermined incremental angle typically less than 5°, and step 93 is performed again to determine the new intersection of the second beam and the reference plane.

[0182] Thereafter, steps 94 and 95 are performed at this new rotational position, and the closest distance for this new angle of the reference plane is recorded.

[0183] This procedure is repeated for additional incremental rotations until it is determined in step 97 that the reference plane has rotated 180°, and the procedure proceeds to step 98.

[0184] In step 98, the minimum distance is selected from all of the recorded closest distances, and this defines the closest distance at which beam 2 reaches beam 1. This result is then These are used to determine whether two beams have an intersection point or are close to an intersection point. This reduces the risk caused by increased power that may be present at such intersections of the beams. Appropriate action is then taken to ensure laser safety.

[0185] There are other ways to determine the closest distance between two beams, such as: May include algebraic calculations.

[0186] Beam 1 is P1=t1d1+r1 It is defined as: where t is a free variable, d is a direction vector, and r is the origin.

[0187] And beam 2, P2=t2d2+r2 and the minimum distance between the lines is

number

[0188] Other methods of calculating the same closest distance may alternatively be used.

[0189] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described above. Rather, the scope of the present invention encompasses any combination or subcomponent of the various features described above. Both the above description and the above-mentioned modifications and variations that would occur to one skilled in the art but are not prior art are also included. This includes examples of modifications.

Claims

1. A method for ensuring safety in a multi-beam wireless power transmission system including a beam source and a plurality of targets, comprising: (a) determining whether any points on the trajectories of at least two beams are closer to each other than a predetermined safety distance, and if so, performing at least one of the steps of (i) attenuating at least one beam, (ii) turning off at least one beam, and (iii) deflecting at least one beam, or transmitting data associated with the determination to a controller, wherein the controller performs at least one of the steps of (i) attenuating at least one beam, (ii) turning off at least one beam, and (iii) deflecting at least one beam based on the analysis of the data; and (b) detecting whether there is a reflective surface in the path of any beam by receiving image data of a pattern on a target in the power transmission system, and determining whether an image generated from the image data has a mirror image form compared to the image data of the pattern on the target, and if so, performing at least one of the steps of (i) attenuating, (ii) turning off, and (iii) deflecting at least the beam directed at the target whose pattern image data has a mirror image form, or transmitting data associated with the determination to a controller, wherein the controller is adapted to perform at least one of the steps of (i) attenuating, (ii) turning off, and (iii) deflecting at least the beam directed at the target whose pattern image data has a mirror image form based on the analysis of the data. A method comprising the above steps.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the image data is electronic image data.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image data is obtained by scanning the target with a beam.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image data is accumulated by collecting electronic data transmitted from the target.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image data is accumulated by using a camera.

6. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Further comprising the step of issuing an alarm when any of the determinations in steps (a) and (b) is positive The method according to claim 1.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the beams is a transmission beam from a beam source

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the beams is a beam reflected from a target

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein attenuating the beam is performed by adjusting the beam source

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein turning off the beam is performed at the beam source or by using a shutter

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein deflecting at least one beam is performed by using a beam scanning device

12. The trajectory of the beam transmitted by the beam source is determined by using the known position of the beam source and the known orientation and position of the beam scanner device used to direct the beam in spaceThe method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The position and orientation of the reflected beam are determined by checking the trajectory of the transmission beam that collides with the target and the position and orientation of the targetThe method according to claim 8.

14. The position and orientation of the target are determined by using at least one of an accelerometer and a compass attached to a known position relative to the targetThe method according to claim 13.

15. The position and orientation of the target are received from a device mechanically connected to the targetThe method according to claim 13.

16. The position and orientation of the target are calculated by analyzing an image of the target or a pattern on the targetThe method according to claim 13.

17. Determining whether any points on the trajectories of the at least two beams are approaching each other closer than a predetermined safety distanceComprises: (i) determining the position and orientation of a first beam and a second beam; and (ii) calculating at least one plane including the first beam, each of the planes including the trajectory of the first beam ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (iii) determining at least one point at which the second beam intersects one of the at least one plane and, (iv) measuring the distance between each of the at least one point from the trajectory of the first beam and The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising: **Claim 18** If any points on the trajectories of the at least two beams are closer to each other than a predetermined safety distance then said analyzing further comprises determining whether said predicted combined power level of said at least two beams is greater than a predetermined safety level, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising: **Claim 19** The analysis of the data obtained from the step of determining whether any points on the trajectories of the at least two beams are closer to each other than a predetermined safety distance further comprises calculating an overall risk associated with two or more beams by taking into account both the intersection probability of the beams and the probability that the combined power level of the beams exceeds a predetermined safety level. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising: **Claim 20** The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein at least some of said targets are attached to a mobile phone device. **Claim 21** A system for transmitting wireless power to a plurality of targets adapted to receive said wireless power, comprising: at least two beam sources each generating a beam of said wireless power; a beam scanning device associated with each beam source, each beam scanning device being adapted to direct a transmission beam directly at a target; an imaging unit disposed in said transmitting system and adapted to generate image data of a pattern at any of said targets; and a controller wherein said controller (a) determines whether any points on the trajectories of at least two beams are closer to each other than a predetermined safety distance, and if so, configures said controller to cause said system to perform at least one of (i) attenuating at least one beam, (ii) turning off at least one beam, and (iii) deflecting at least one beam; and (b) receiving said image data of said pattern in said transmission system. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Detect whether there is a reflective surface in any of the paths of the beam, and compare the image generated from the image data with the image data of the pattern on the target to determine whether it has a mirror image form. If it does, cause the controller to cause the system to perform at least one of the following: (i) attenuate at least one beam; (ii) turn off at least one beam; and (iii) deflect at least one beam. A system configured to perform the steps and perform the operations.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the relative geometric positions of the at least two beam sources are known.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the relative geometric positions of the at least two beam sources are known due to the mechanical connection between the beam sources.

24. The relative geometric positions of the at least two beam sources are known by performing vector calculations based on: (a) the relative vector positions of at least two targets; (b) the vector position of the first target that receives the beam from the first beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the first beam source; and (c) the vector position of the second target that receives the beam from the second beam source of the at least two beam sources with respect to the second beam source. The system according to claim 22.

25. The system according to claim 24, wherein the relative positions of the at least two beam sources are known because the at least two targets are incorporated into a single receiver. ​ ​ ​ 。

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