Evacuation passage structure of caisson

Abstract

To provide an evacuation passage structure of a caisson capable of preventing people from becoming unable to evacuate even when a caisson shovel stops and closes lift passages.SOLUTION: An evacuation passage structure of a caisson is for evacuation in a pneumatic caisson method from an operation room of a caisson skeleton to a man lock in a bottom door room of a caisson shaft, wherein the caisson shaft is constructed as a pair-shaft-type shaft configured to integrate a cylindrical material shaft and a man shaft having a doughnut-shaped cross section and disposed therearound, and a plurality of lift passages in communication from the operation room to the man lock are provided in the caisson skeleton.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an evacuation passage structure for a caisson. [Background technology]

[0002] In the pneumatic caisson method, compressed air is sent into a high-pressure work chamber, and the soil excavated in the high-pressure work chamber is discharged to the outside using soil discharge equipment such as an earth bucket through a material shaft. In addition, when the earth bucket passes, a pair of upper and lower doors are opened and closed to allow for both the removal of soil and the maintenance of air pressure.

[0003] In addition, the shaft cross section area called slim caisson is 40m 2 Pair-shaft caissons are also known, which combine a cylindrical material shaft and a surrounding man shaft with a donut-shaped cross section, allowing for mechanized excavation even in small-diameter caissons of less than 100 mm.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an outfitting system for a pneumatic caisson construction method in which a material access room system and a personnel access room system are formed as a cylindrical body with a double structure in cross section, and the outfitting shafts for the material access room system and the personnel access room system are arranged with a material shaft and material lock in the center of the cross section and a man shaft and man lock concentrically on the outer periphery, thereby forming an integrated material and personnel access room structure, and the integrated material and personnel access room structure is made multi-divisible to facilitate installation (see claim 1 in the scope of claims of Patent Document 1, paragraphs

[0033] to

[0065] of the specification, Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings, etc.).

[0005] The rigging system described in Patent Document 1 enables mechanical excavation even in a caisson workroom with a small cross-sectional area. However, as shown in Figure 1 etc., the rigging system described in Patent Document 1 involves a caisson shovel moving along a circular rail installed on the ceiling of a narrow workroom to perform excavation, and therefore there is a problem in that the shaft hole through which personnel ascending and descending when directly operating the caisson shovel may become blocked due to a malfunction of the caisson shovel, making it impossible for the personnel to escape.

[0006] On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a pier caisson with an opening and closing structure for a hollow cylindrical body, in which the cross section of the opening and closing body is approximately U-shaped and the curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the opening and closing body is approximately equal to the curvature of the cross section of the opening of the hollow cylindrical body, so that when the opening and closing body is fully open, the opening and closing body does not obstruct the cross section area of ​​the opening, facilitating the emergency evacuation of workers (see claim 1 in the claims of Patent Document 2, paragraphs

[0033] to

[0051] of the specification, Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, etc.).

[0007] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a shaft for a pneumatic caisson, which is provided with a passageway for both workers entering and exiting and for transporting materials, and which is configured so that it can be freely extended up and down, a vertical ladder attached to the inner wall of the shaft body, and a foldable backrest attached to the open side of the vertical ladder, and which allows the vertical ladder to be ascended and descended safely and quickly without restricting the passage area for materials such as excavated soil (see claim 1 in the scope of claims of Patent Document 3, paragraphs

[0016] to

[0053] in the specification, and Figures 1 to 3 in the drawings, etc.).

[0008] However, although the opening and closing structure of the hollow cylindrical body described in Patent Document 2 and the shaft for a pneumatic caisson described in Patent Document 3 are inventions related to ensuring safety regarding caisson lifting facilities, they do not take into consideration the problem that a malfunction of the caisson shovel may block the lifting shaft hole (lift shaft), making escape impossible, and so were not able to solve such a problem. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-282077 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-107369 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-241046 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] Therefore, the present invention was devised in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a caisson evacuation passage structure that can prevent personnel from being unable to escape even if the caisson shovel stops and the hoistway is blocked. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The caisson escape passage structure of the first invention is a caisson escape passage structure for evacuating from the working chamber of the caisson body in the pneumatic caisson construction method to the manlock in the bottom door room of the caisson shaft, wherein the caisson shaft is a pair-shaft type shaft that integrates a cylindrical material shaft with a surrounding manshaft that has a donut-shaped cross section, and the caisson body is provided with multiple elevator shafts that lead from the working chamber to the manlock.

[0012] The caisson evacuation passage structure of the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the openings of the multiple elevator shafts are located in positions that are rotationally symmetrical around the axis of the material shaft.

[0013] The caisson evacuation passage structure of the third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the special shaft located at the lowest level of the caisson shaft, which is interposed between the bottom door chamber of the caisson shaft and the caisson body, is more than two levels high compared to the conventional level. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the first to third inventions, even if the caisson shovel stops due to a malfunction and the elevator shaft is blocked by the caisson shovel, it is possible to prevent personnel from being unable to escape.

[0015] In particular, according to the third invention, the special shaft located at the lowest level of the caisson shaft is more than two levels high compared to conventional shafts, making it possible to easily move to the manlock from an elevator shaft that is not directly below the manlock in a short amount of time. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective side view that schematically shows the entire caisson shaft to which the caisson evacuation passage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a perspective front view showing the general shaft alone of the caisson shaft. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the general shaft alone. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the bottom stage of a caisson body to which the caisson evacuation passage structure according to this embodiment is applied. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a bottom view showing the inside of the working chamber at the lowest level of the caisson body. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the special shaft and elevator shaft of a conventional caisson evacuation passage structure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the special shaft and elevator shaft of the caisson evacuation passage structure according to this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the caisson evacuation passage structure according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0018] [Caisson shaft] First, a caisson shaft 100 to which a caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described using Figure 1. Figure 1 is a perspective front view showing a schematic view of the entire caisson shaft 100 to which a caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. Note that the symbol G1 indicates the ground in which the caisson body 200 is buried.

[0019] The caisson shaft 100 described as this embodiment is a so-called slim caisson with a shaft cross-sectional area of ​​40 m 2 This will be explained using as an example a pair-shaft type caisson shaft, which is an integrated cylindrical material shaft 2 and the surrounding man shaft 3 with a donut-shaped cross section, allowing for mechanized excavation of even small-diameter caissons of less than 100mm.

[0020] As shown in Figure 1, the caisson shaft 100 is a shaft whose basic form is a pair-shaft type general shaft 10 in which a man shaft is formed around a material shaft and integrated into it. Starting from the lower end connected to the caisson body 200, this caisson shaft 100 is equipped with a special shaft 11 that ensures space for an escape route, and a bottom door chamber 12 with a bottom door 12a. This bottom door 12a is a sealing door that seals off both the material shaft 2 and the man shaft 3.

[0021] The caisson shaft 100 is provided with a lower lock chamber 13 having a lower lock door 13a as a locking section, and an upper lock chamber 14 having an upper lock door 14a, and above these is provided an upper lock chamber shaft 15 to ensure operating space for the opening and closing mechanism of the upper lock door 14a.

[0022] The lower lock door 13a and the upper lock door 14a are sealing doors that seal the material shaft 2. The lower lock chamber 13, the upper lock chamber 14, and the lock chamber upper shaft 15 constitute a lock unit that is a lock mechanism.

[0023] Above (upper level) the lock chamber upper shaft 15, which is the top level of this lock section, is provided a general shaft section based on the general shaft 10 of the caisson shaft 100. At the bottom level of this general shaft section, there is provided a slit shaft 10', which is a characteristic feature of the present invention, in which an opening 10a' (see Figure 4) is formed in the general shaft 10, allowing compressed air to escape from inside the shaft to the outside.

[0024] Moreover, above (on the upper level of) the slit shaft 10', three levels of general shafts 10 are stacked.

[0025] At the top of the caisson shaft 100, an upper shaft 16 is provided in which a hydraulic unit and operating equipment are installed, and a landing 16a is formed around this upper shaft 16.

[0026] (General shaft) Next, the general shaft 10 of the caisson shaft 100 will be described in more detail using Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is a perspective front view showing the general shaft 10 alone of the caisson shaft 100, and Figure 3 is a plan view showing the general shaft 10 alone.

[0027] 2 and 3, the general shaft 10 includes a cylindrical inner cylindrical portion 20 made of a 9 mm thick steel plate that constitutes the material shaft 2, an upper flange 21 made of a 75 mm wide, 19 mm thick flat bar welded to the upper end of the inner cylindrical portion 20, and a lower flange 22 made of a 75 mm wide, 19 mm thick flat bar welded to the lower end of the inner cylindrical portion 20. In the general shaft 10 according to this embodiment, the inner cylindrical portion 20 has a height of 2000 mm and an inner diameter D1 of 860 mm.

[0028] As shown in Fig. 3, the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 are each provided with a plurality of bolt holes 21a (22a) for bolting to another shaft. Also, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 are joined perpendicularly to the inner cylindrical portion 20 via flange ribs 23 and 24 that serve as stiffening members.

[0029] Furthermore, the general shaft 10 has a cylindrical outer cylinder 30 made of a 12 mm thick steel plate, an upper flange 31 made of a 90 mm wide, 25 mm thick flat bar welded to the upper end of the outer cylinder 30, and a lower flange 32 made of a 90 mm wide, 25 mm thick flat bar welded to the lower end of the outer cylinder 30. The outer cylinder 30 has a height of 2000 mm and an outer diameter D2 of 2100 mm.

[0030] As shown in Figure 3, the upper flange 31 and the lower flange 32 each have a plurality of bolt holes 31a (32a) for bolting to another shaft, and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the upper flange 31 and the lower flange 32 are joined perpendicular to the outer tube portion 30 via flange ribs 33 and 34 which serve as stiffening materials.

[0031] In the general shaft 10, the space between the inner cylindrical portion 20 and the outer cylindrical portion 30, which has a doughnut-shaped cross section, is the manshaft 3, and this manshaft 3 is formed with a spiral staircase 35 with fixed width treads (tread surfaces) and risers rather than a ladder. Therefore, unlike a vertical ladder, there is less risk of falling accidents and workers can safely and quickly ascend and descend to enter and exit the high-pressure work chamber.

[0032] The reference numeral 36 denotes a lifting fitting 36 made of a 16 mm thick steel plate for hanging shackles etc. when assembling the caisson shaft 100 and lifting the general shaft 10. The reference numeral P denotes various types of piping P installed in the man shaft 3.

[0033] [Caisson evacuation passage structure] Next, the caisson body 200 to which the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to Figures 4 to 7. Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the bottom tier 201 of the caisson body 200 to which the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied, and Figure 5 is a bottom view showing the inside of the working chamber 203 of the bottom tier 201 of the caisson body 200.

[0034] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, a cutting edge 202 is provided at the lowest level 201 of the caisson body 200, and the inside of the cutting edge 202 forms a high-pressure work chamber 203. A circular traveling rail 301 on which the caisson shovel 300 travels is attached to the ceiling of the work chamber 203.

[0035] Generally, this caisson shovel 300 is operated remotely from an operation room outside the caisson shaft 100 and the caisson body 200, but in order to allow personnel to enter the work room 203 in case of an emergency, a hoistway 204 is formed in the caisson body 200 directly below the man lock of the man shaft 3.

[0036] As shown in Figure 5, the opening 204a that connects the elevator shaft 204 directly below the manlock with the working room 203 is formed between the running rails 301, as there is no space because the caisson shaft 100 and the caisson body 200 are small-diameter caissons known as slim caissons. For this reason, as mentioned in the background art, if the caisson shovel 300 stops in the state shown in the figure due to a malfunction or the like, there is a risk of a serious problem occurring in which workers will not be able to enter the opening 204a and will not be able to escape from the working room 203 through the elevator shaft 204.

[0037] For this reason, in the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to this embodiment, in addition to the elevator shaft 204 directly below the manlock, another elevator shaft 205 and opening 205a are provided between the running rails 301 on the ceiling surface of the workroom 203, in a position that is rotationally symmetrical to the elevator shaft 204 around the axis of the material shaft 2. For this reason, in the caisson evacuation passage structure 1, even if the opening 204a of the elevator shaft 204 is blocked by the stopped caisson shovel 300, it is possible to evacuate to the manshaft 3 through the other elevator shaft 205 and opening 205a.

[0038] In the illustrated embodiment, another elevator shaft 205 and opening 205a are provided at a position line-symmetrical to the elevator shaft 204 and opening 204a directly below the manlock, but this is not limited to providing a pair at line-symmetrical positions. The number and positions of caisson holes that serve as escape routes to the manlock formed in the caisson body 200 are determined by the number of caisson shovels 300 provided in the workroom 203, and may be provided at multiple locations, more than the number of caisson shovels 300, at positions that are rotationally symmetrical to the elevator shaft 204 and opening 204a directly below the manlock, centered on the axis of the material shaft 2. This is because even if all of the caisson shovels 300 are stopped at the elevator shaft openings, at least one elevator shaft opening is secured that workers can pass through.

[0039] Next, the special shaft 11 of the caisson shaft 100 to which the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 is applied will be described in detail with reference to Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the special shaft 11' and elevator shaft 204 of a conventional caisson evacuation passage structure, and Figure 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the special shaft 11 and elevator shaft 204 of the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to this embodiment.

[0040] The special shaft 11 (11') is a shaft that is only used to provide space below the bottom door chamber 12 and to provide the distance necessary to open the man lock (not shown) of the man shaft 3 downward. As shown in Figure 6, the special shaft 11 (11'), like the general shaft 10 described above, has a cylindrical inner cylinder that constitutes the material shaft 2 and a cylindrical outer cylinder formed around the inner cylinder, and the donut-shaped cross-section space between the inner cylinder 20 and the outer cylinder 30 forms the man shaft 3.

[0041] For this reason, as shown in Figure 6, when personnel evacuate from the workroom 203 through the aforementioned elevator shaft 204 located directly below the manlock of the conventional special shaft 11', they simply ascend or descend the vertical ladder attached to the elevator shaft 204 vertically toward the manlock, and can evacuate in the direction of the arrow without any particular hindrance. Also, the height h1 of the special shaft 11' only needs to be a distance that ensures space for the manlock (not shown) to open downwards, so the height h1 of the conventional special shaft 11' was about h1 = 500 mm per step.

[0042] However, as mentioned above, in the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 of this embodiment, in anticipation of the case where the elevator shaft 204 is blocked by a stopped caisson shovel 300, another elevator shaft 205 and opening 205a are provided in addition to the elevator shaft 204 directly below the manlock.

[0043] Here, when passing through the elevator shaft 205 to move to the man lock located directly above the elevator shaft 204, as shown in Figure 6, one must move through the donut-shaped man shaft 3 of the special shaft 11' with a height h1 = 500 mm, and when personnel pass through, they must move forward by crawling on their hands and knees, which creates the problem that lateral movement as shown by the arrow is extremely difficult.

[0044] For this reason, in the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to this embodiment, the conventional special shaft 11' is stacked two-tiered, and the height h2 of the special shaft 11 is set to about h2 = 1000 mm, as shown in Fig. 7. Therefore, lateral movement within the man shaft 3, as indicated by the horizontal arrows in the figure, can be achieved by crouching or crawling on one's hands and feet, and evacuation through the elevator shaft 205 to the man lock directly above the elevator shaft 204 can be easily performed in a short time.

[0045] According to the caisson evacuation passage structure 1 of the embodiment of the present invention described above, in addition to the elevator shaft 204 directly below the manlock, another elevator shaft 205 and opening 205a are provided at a position that is rotationally symmetrical to the elevator shaft 204 around the axis of the material shaft 2. In other words, in the caisson evacuation passage structure 1, multiple elevator shafts (204, 205) that lead to the manlock are provided on the ceiling surface of the workroom 203 of the caisson body 200. Therefore, even if the caisson shovel 300 stops so as to block the elevator shafts (204, 205), an elevator shaft through which workers can evacuate can be secured.

[0046] Furthermore, according to the caisson evacuation passage structure 1, the special shaft 11 located at the lowest level of the caisson shaft 100, which is interposed between the bottom door chamber 12 having the bottom door 12a of the caisson shaft 100 and the caisson body 200, has a height of h2 = 1000 mm or more, which is two levels higher than the conventional height h1 = 500 mm, so that it is possible to easily move to the manlock from the elevator shaft 205 that is not directly below the manlock in a short time.

[0047] The caisson evacuation passage structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above. However, the above-mentioned and illustrated embodiments are merely examples of specific embodiments for carrying out the present invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited by these embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0048] 1: Caisson evacuation route structure 100: Caisson shaft 10: General shaft 2: Material shaft 20: Inner cylinder 21: Upper flange 21a: Bolt hole 22: Lower flange 23,24: Flange rib 3: Manschaft 30: Outer cylinder 31: Upper flange 31a: Bolt hole 32: Lower flange 33,34: Flange rib 35: Spiral staircase 36: Hanging hardware 11': (conventional) special shaft 11: Special shaft 12: Bottom door chamber 12a: Bottom door 13: Lower lock room 13a: Lower lock door (sealing door for material lock) 14a: Upper lock door (sealing door for material lock) 15: Upper shaft of lock chamber 16: Upper shaft 16a:Landing 200: Caisson body 201: Bottom row 202:Blade mouth 203:Workroom 204, 205: Elevator shaft 204a, 205a: Opening 300: Caisson shovel 301: Running rail EB: Earth bucket G1: Ground P: Piping

Claims

1. A caisson evacuation passage structure for evacuating from the working room of the caisson body to the manlock of the bottom door room of the caisson shaft in the pneumatic caisson construction method, The caisson shaft is a pair shaft type shaft in which a cylindrical material shaft and a man shaft having a donut-shaped cross section around it are integrated, The caisson body is provided with a plurality of elevators leading from the workroom to the manlock. A caisson evacuation passage structure characterized by:

2. The openings of the plurality of elevator shafts are provided at positions that are rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the material shaft. The caisson evacuation passage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:

3. The special shaft located at the bottom of the caisson shaft, which is interposed between the bottom door chamber of the caisson shaft and the caisson body, is at least two levels higher than the conventional shaft.

3. The caisson evacuation passage structure according to claim 1 or 2.

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