Non-reciprocal circuit element and quantum computer

Abstract

To provide a non-reciprocal circuit element and a quantum computer that are highly integrated and have excellent signal quality.SOLUTION: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a ground conductor, a first magnet, and a second magnet. The ground conductor is located between the first unit and the second unit. The first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the ground conductor, and the second unit. The first unit and the second unit each include a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber. The first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region of the conductor that extends between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region of the conductor that is different from the first region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a non-reciprocal circuit element and a quantum computer. [Background technology]

[0002] A non-reciprocal circuit element is an element that determines the transmission direction of a high-frequency signal. Isolators and circulators are examples of non-reciprocal circuit elements. Non-reciprocal circuit elements are widely used in circuits that transmit high-frequency signals.

[0003] Non-reciprocal circuit elements are used in various places where high frequency signals are used. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an isolator for microwave communication. Also, for example, Patent Document 2 describes the use of an isolator in a quantum computer. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 4-287403 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6998459 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Nonreciprocal circuit elements are placed on signal lines connected to the quantum processor that controls the quantum computer. The quantum processor is placed inside a cryochamber, and the cryochamber's volume is limited. This means that compact nonreciprocal circuit elements are required. Nonreciprocal circuit elements also selectively propagate signals. Even when nonreciprocal circuit elements are miniaturized, it is necessary to suppress the degradation of signal quality.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a non-reciprocal circuit device and a quantum computer that are highly integrated and have excellent signal quality. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides the following means.

[0008] A non-reciprocal circuit device according to a first aspect includes a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a ground conductor, a first magnet, and a second magnet. The first unit, the second unit, the ground conductor, the first magnet, and the second magnet are housed within the housing. The ground conductor is located between the first unit and the second unit. The first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the ground conductor, and the second unit. The first unit and the second unit each include a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber. The conductor has a first terminal and a second terminal. In each of the first unit and the second unit, the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region of the conductor that extends between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region of the conductor that is different from the first region. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The non-reciprocal circuit device according to the present disclosure has high integration and excellent signal quality. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] 1 is a plan view of a conductor and a loss layer of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a conductor of the non-reciprocal circuit board according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a loss layer of the non-reciprocal circuit board according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quantum computer according to a first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a third embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to a seventh embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a non-reciprocal circuit device according to an eighth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The drawings used in the following description may show characteristic portions enlarged for the sake of clarity, and the dimensional ratios of each component may differ from the actual ones. The materials, dimensions, etc. exemplified in the following description are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Appropriate changes can be made within the scope of the effects of the present invention.

[0012] First, let us define directions. The x-direction is the direction along the plane of the conductor. For example, the direction connecting the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 of the conductor is the x-direction. The y-direction is the direction perpendicular to the x-direction along the plane of the conductor. The z-direction is the direction perpendicular to the x-direction and y-directions. The stacking direction is an example of the z-direction.

[0013] "First embodiment" FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment. The non-reciprocal circuit device 101 is packaged in a housing 6. The housing 6 has an input terminal 61 and an output terminal 62. The input terminal 61 and the output terminal 62 are connected to, for example, respective units inside the housing 6. In FIG. 1, only conductors 11 and 21 of the units inside the housing 6 are shown.

[0014] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 101 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a ground conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The first unit 1, the second unit 2, the ground conductor 3, the first magnet 4, and the second magnet 5 are housed in the housing 6. The nonreciprocal circuit device 100 functions, for example, as an isolator.

[0015] The first unit 1 has a conductor 11, a first magnetic body 12, a first absorber 13, a second magnetic body 14, and a second absorber 15. The layer including the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13 is referred to as a first loss layer, and the layer including the second magnetic body 14 and the second absorber 15 is referred to as a second loss layer.

[0016] Fig. 3 is a plan view of the conductor 11 and the first loss layer of the first unit 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the conductor 11 of the first unit 1. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the first loss layer of the first unit 1.

[0017] The conductor 11 has a first terminal T1 and a second terminal T2. The conductor 11 may have a third terminal T3. The first terminal T1 is connected to an input terminal 61, and the second terminal T2 is connected to an output terminal 62. The third terminal T3 is, for example, an open end.

[0018] The conductor 11 transmits a high-frequency signal. The conductor 11 transmits the high-frequency signal non-reciprocally between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. "Transmitting a high-frequency signal non-reciprocally" means that the propagation efficiency of the signal differs depending on the direction. For example, if the signal propagates with low loss in the forward direction but hardly any signal propagates in the reverse direction, this corresponds to "transmitting a high-frequency signal non-reciprocally." The propagation direction of the high-frequency signal in the conductor 11 is controlled by the first loss layer and the second loss layer.

[0019] A high-frequency signal input from the first terminal T1 is transmitted to the second terminal T2 with low loss. Most of the high-frequency signal input from the second terminal T2 is absorbed. Almost no high-frequency signal is transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1. In other words, the high-frequency signal is transmitted with low loss from the first terminal T1 to the second terminal T2, but almost no signal is transmitted from the second terminal T2 to the first terminal T1.

[0020] There is no particular limitation on the conductor 11 as long as it transmits high-frequency signals with high efficiency. The conductor 11 is, for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, stainless steel, etc. The conductor 11 may also be a non-conductor or a conductor with high resistance (e.g., phosphor bronze) plated with aluminum, copper, silver, gold, stainless steel, etc.

[0021] The conductor 11 has a first region 111 and a second region 112. The conductor 11 may have regions other than the first region 111 and the second region 112. The first region 111 is a region that overlaps with the first magnetic body 12 in the z direction. The first region 111 extends between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. The second region 112 is a region that overlaps with the first absorber 13 in the z direction. The boundary between the first region 111 and the second region 112 coincides with the boundary between the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13, for example, when viewed from the z direction.

[0022] There is no particular limitation on the shape of the conductor 11 in a plan view. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the shape of the conductor 11 in a plan view may be a triangle, or a triangle with some of its sides formed with irregularities, or each side of the triangle may be curved.

[0023] The first loss layer and the second loss layer sandwich the conductor 11 in the z direction. The first loss layer includes a first magnetic body 12 and a first absorber 13. The second loss layer includes a second magnetic body 14 and a second absorber 15. The first loss layer and the second loss layer have approximately the same shape and are symmetrical with respect to the conductor 11.

[0024] The first magnetic body 12 is located at a different position from the first absorber 13 in the same xy plane. The first magnetic body 12 is located at a position overlapping the first region 111 of the conductor 11 in the z direction. The first absorber 13 is located at a position overlapping the second region 112 of the conductor 11 in the z direction.

[0025] The second magnetic body 14 is located at a different position from the second absorber 15 in the same xy plane. The second magnetic body 14 is located at a position overlapping the first region 111 of the conductor 11 in the z direction. The second absorber 15 is located at a position overlapping the second region 112 of the conductor 11 in the z direction.

[0026] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 sandwich the first region 111 in the z direction. The first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 sandwich the second region 112 in the z direction.

[0027] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may have any shape as long as they can cover the first region 111. The first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 may have any shape as long as they can cover the second region 112. For example, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the first magnetic body 12 and the first absorber 13 may both have a rectangular shape when viewed from the z direction.

[0028] A high-frequency signal passing through the conductor 11 propagates while being deflected to one side of the propagation direction due to the application of a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14. For example, a high-frequency signal input from the first terminal T1 is deflected to the vicinity of the first side S1 and propagates along the first side S1 to the second terminal T2. On the other hand, a high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is deflected to the vicinity of the second side S2 and the third side S3 and propagates along the second side S2 and the third side S3 to the first terminal T1. At this time, the high-frequency signal input to the second terminal T2 is absorbed by the first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 and is significantly attenuated.

[0029] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 include a magnetic material. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may be a conductor or an insulator. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 include, for example, a soft magnetic body. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may be, for example, a Co-based amorphous body, a ferrite, or an Fe 85 Si2B8P4Cu, Fe 86 AlB8P4Cu, Fe 78 Si9B 13 , yttrium iron garnet (YIG). YIG includes, for example, Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, Y3Fe5O 12 is.

[0030] The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may be a mixture of magnetic particles and resin. The magnetic particles may include, for example, iron, silicon steel (Fe-Si), permalloy (Ni-Fe), permendur (Fe-Co), sendust (Fe-Si-Al), electromagnetic stainless steel, amorphous iron-based alloys (Fe-BC, Fe-Co), manganese zinc ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, etc. The first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 may be a mixture of ferrite particles and resin.

[0031] When dispersing a magnetic material in an insulating material (e.g., resin, rubber, paint, etc.), it is preferable to set the volume ratio of the magnetic material to between 10% and 70%. If the volume ratio of the magnetic material is small, the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity will be low. If the volume ratio of the magnetic material is high, it will be difficult to disperse it in the insulating material.

[0032] The first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 contain a material having a larger magnetic field loss rate than the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14. The first absorber 13 and the second absorber 15 contain, for example, any one selected from the group consisting of iron, BN, conductive carbon, SiC, and Ni-based ferrite.

[0033] When the first loss layer and the second loss layer are conductors, an insulating layer is provided between the first loss layer and the conductor 11 and between the second loss layer and the conductor 11. Any known insulating layer can be used.

[0034] The second unit 2 is positioned so as to overlap the first unit 1 in the z direction. The second unit 2 has a conductor 21, a first magnetic body 22, a first absorber 23, a second magnetic body 24, and a second absorber 25. The layer including the first magnetic body 22 and the first absorber 23 is referred to as the third loss layer, and the layer including the second magnetic body 24 and the second absorber 25 is referred to as the fourth loss layer.

[0035] The conductor 21 has a configuration similar to that of the conductor 11 of the first unit 1. The first magnetic body 22 has a configuration similar to that of the first magnetic body 12 of the first unit 1. The first absorber 23 has a configuration similar to that of the first absorber 13 of the first unit 1. The second magnetic body 24 has a configuration similar to that of the second magnetic body 14 of the first unit 1. The second absorber 25 has a configuration similar to that of the second absorber 15 of the first unit 1. The first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24 sandwich the first region of the conductor 21 in the z direction, and the first absorber 23 and the second absorber 25 sandwich the second region of the conductor 21 in the z direction.

[0036] The ground conductor 3 is located between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 in the z direction. The ground conductor 3 is in contact with, for example, each of the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. For example, the second loss layer including the second magnetic material 14 and the second absorber 15 of the first unit 1 is in contact with the ground conductor 3. For example, the fourth loss layer including the second magnetic material 24 and the second absorber 25 of the second unit 2 is in contact with the ground conductor 3.

[0037] The ground conductor 3 is connected to a reference potential, for example, via the housing 6. The reference potential is, for example, the ground. Because the ground conductor 3 is connected to the reference potential, the electric field generated by the current flowing through the conductor 11 is prevented from affecting the conductor 21. Similarly, because the ground conductor 3 is connected to the reference potential, the electric field generated by the current flowing through the conductor 21 is prevented from affecting the conductor 11. This phenomenon in which a signal propagating through one conductor affects a signal propagating through another conductor is called crosstalk. Crosstalk is a cause of noise in signals propagating within a conductor.

[0038] The ground conductor 3 is, for example, a non-magnetic material. The non-magnetic material of the ground conductor 3 can prevent the magnetic field between the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 from being blocked. The ground conductor 3 includes, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Al, and Cu.

[0039] It is preferable that the film thickness of the ground conductor 3 satisfies, for example, the following formula. d=(2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2 In the above formula, d is the film thickness of the ground conductor 3, ρ is the electrical resistivity of conductor 11 or conductor 21, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing through conductor 11 or conductor 21, and μ is the magnetic permeability of conductor 11 or conductor 21. If conductors 11 and 21 are made of different materials, the larger electrical resistivity value is taken as ρ, the larger angular frequency value is taken as ω, and the larger magnetic permeability value is taken as μ. If the ground conductor 3 satisfies the above relationship, crosstalk can be more effectively prevented.

[0040] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first unit 1, the ground conductor 3, and the second unit 2 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first magnetic body 12, the second magnetic body 14, the first magnetic body 22, and the second magnetic body 24 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12, the second magnetic body 14, the first magnetic body 22, and the second magnetic body 24. A portion of each of the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 may overlap the first absorber 13, the second absorber 15, the first absorber 23, and the second absorber 25.

[0041] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 are, for example, hard magnetic materials. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 may be insulators or conductors. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 include, for example, any one selected from the group consisting of insulating ferrite magnets, conductive rare earth magnets, TbFeCo, GdFeCo, SmFeCo, [Co / Pt] multilayer films, and [Co / Pd] multilayer films.

[0042] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 are an example of a magnetic field source. The magnetic field source is not limited to the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5, as long as it can apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12, the second magnetic body 14, the first magnetic body 22, and the second magnetic body 24.

[0043] Between the first magnet 4 and the first unit 1, for example, there is a first grounding body 41. If the first magnet 4 is a conductor, the first grounding body 41 may be omitted. Between the second magnet 5 and the second unit 2, for example, there is a second grounding body 51. If the second magnet 5 is a conductor, the second grounding body 51 may be omitted. The first grounding body 41 or the second grounding body 51 is grounded to, for example, a reference potential. The reference potential is, for example, the ground. There is no particular restriction on the first grounding body 41 and the second grounding body 51 as long as they are conductive.

[0044] The non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment has excellent signal quality even when multiple units are integrated in the limited space inside the housing 6. This is because the ground conductor 3 is provided between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. When the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are housed in a small space, crosstalk may occur, in which the signals from the units affect each other. Crosstalk is a source of noise and is one of the causes of deterioration in the quality of signals propagating within the units. By providing the ground conductor 3, the non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment can prevent crosstalk and suppress deterioration in signal quality. Furthermore, suppressing the occurrence of crosstalk allows the non-reciprocal circuit device 101 to be miniaturized.

[0045] Furthermore, in the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment, the magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to the first unit 1 and the magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to the second unit 2 are both the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5, and the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 share a magnet. Therefore, the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment has a small number of parts and can be made smaller.

[0046] The non-reciprocal circuit device 101 according to this embodiment can be applied to, for example, a quantum computer. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the quantum computer according to this embodiment. The quantum computer 200 includes, for example, a quantum processor 201, non-reciprocal circuit devices 202 and 203, filters 204 and 205, and an amplifier 206.

[0047] The quantum processor 201 performs quantum computation. The non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 deliver a readout signal of a quantum bit from the quantum processor 201. The non-reciprocal circuit element 202 is a circulator. The non-reciprocal circuit element 203 is an isolator. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 according to this embodiment can be applied to the non-reciprocal circuit element 203. The amplifier 206 amplifies the readout signal.

[0048] For example, superconducting quantum computers operate at extremely low temperatures. Therefore, the quantum processor 201 and the non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 are also placed in positions exposed to an extremely low temperature environment. It is difficult to maintain a large volume of space in an extremely low temperature environment, and therefore, miniaturization of the non-reciprocal circuit elements 202 and 203 is required. The non-reciprocal circuit element 101 according to this embodiment is small in size and has excellent isolation characteristics, making it suitable for application to quantum computers.

[0049] "Second embodiment" FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 102 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 102 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a ground conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, a housing 6, and a third magnet 7. The nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the second embodiment differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment in that it includes the third magnet 7. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 102 according to the second embodiment, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0050] The third magnet 7 is located inside the ground conductor 3. The third magnet 7 faces the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5. The first magnet 4 and the third magnet 7 sandwich the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14 in the z direction. The second magnet 5 and the third magnet 7 sandwich the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the third magnet 7 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14. The second magnet 5 and the third magnet 7 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24. A portion of the third magnet 7 may overlap the first absorber 13, the second absorber 15, the first absorber 23, and the second absorber 25 in the z direction. The third magnet 7 can be made of the same material as the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5.

[0051] The film thickness between the second magnetic body 14 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnet 7 is d=(2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2 In this case, d is the film thickness between the second magnetic body 14 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnet 7, ρ is the electrical resistivity of the conductor 11, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing through the conductor 11, and μ is the magnetic permeability of the conductor 11. Similarly, the film thickness between the second magnetic body 24 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnet 7 is d=(2ρ / ωμ) 1 / 2 In this case, d is the film thickness between the second magnetic body 24 of the ground conductor 3 and the third magnet 7, ρ is the electrical resistivity of the conductor 21, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing through the conductor 21, and μ is the magnetic permeability of the conductor 21.

[0052] The non-reciprocal circuit device 102 according to the second embodiment has excellent signal quality because it has a ground conductor 3 between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit device 102 according to the second embodiment can apply different magnetic fields to the first unit 1 and the second unit 2, allowing the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 to function independently.

[0053] "Third embodiment" FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment. FIG. 8 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 102 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a ground conductor 3, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 do not overlap in the z direction. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment, components similar to those of the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0054] The ground conductor 3 is located between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. The ground conductor 3 is located between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 in the x-direction. Each of the conductors 11 and 21 is spaced apart from the ground conductor 3.

[0055] The ground conductor 3 may be made of, for example, a non-magnetic material or a magnetic material, but is preferably made of a non-magnetic material.

[0056] The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 sandwich the first unit 1, the ground conductor 3, and the second unit 2 in the z direction. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 each extend across the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. The first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 apply a DC magnetic field to the first magnetic body 12 and the second magnetic body 14, and the first magnetic body 22 and the second magnetic body 24, respectively.

[0057] The non-reciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment has excellent signal quality because it has a ground conductor 3 between the first unit 1 and the second unit 2. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment has a magnet shared by the first unit 1 and the second unit 2, which reduces the number of parts and enables miniaturization.

[0058] "Fourth embodiment" FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 104 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 104 includes a plurality of units U, a plurality of ground conductors G, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The nonreciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fourth embodiment differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the number of units U is three. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fourth embodiment, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0059] Each of the units U has a configuration similar to the first unit 1 or the second unit 2. One of the multiple units U is the first unit 1 and another is the second unit 2. Each of the ground conductors G has a configuration similar to the ground conductor 3. One of the multiple ground conductors G is the ground conductor 3. Each of the ground conductors G is located between adjacent units U.

[0060] The nonreciprocal circuit device 104 according to the fourth embodiment differs only in the number of units, and has the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment. Although an example with three units is shown here, the number of units is not limited to this, and may be four or more.

[0061] "Fifth embodiment" FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 105 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 105 includes a plurality of units U, a ground conductor G, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the number of units U is four. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0062] The non-reciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment has a plurality of units U. Each of the units U has a configuration similar to that of the first unit 1 or the second unit 2. One of the plurality of units U is the first unit 1, and another is the second unit 2. A ground conductor G is located between each of the units U. The ground conductor G has a configuration similar to that of the ground conductor 3.

[0063] As in the nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment, the units U may be a combination of units arranged on the same plane and units stacked in the stacking direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment differs only in the number of units, and achieves the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment. The number of units in the nonreciprocal circuit device 105 according to the fifth embodiment does not matter, and neither does the number of units arranged on the xy plane or the number of units stacked in the z direction matter.

[0064] "Sixth embodiment" Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment. Fig. 11 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 106 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 106 differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the orientation of the first unit 1 is different. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0065] 12 is a perspective view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment, the third terminal T3 in the first unit 1 faces the -y direction, and the third terminal T3 in the second unit 2 faces the +y direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, the input terminal 61 of the first unit 1 is placed on a different surface from the input terminal 61 of the second unit 2. Similarly, in this case, the output terminal 62 of the first unit 1 is placed on a different surface from the output terminal 62 of the second unit 2.

[0066] The nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment differs only in the orientation of the units, and provides the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 101 according to the first embodiment. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 106 according to the sixth embodiment, the output terminal 62 of the first unit 1 and the input terminal 61 of the second unit 2 are located on the same surface of the housing 6, making it easy to connect the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 in series.

[0067] Seventh Embodiment Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the seventh embodiment. Fig. 13 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 107 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 107 differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment in that the orientation of the first unit 1 is different. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the seventh embodiment, components similar to those in the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0068] Even when the units are arranged in the in-plane direction, the orientation of each unit does not matter, as in the sixth embodiment. Adjacent units may be arranged so that the third terminals of adjacent units face each other, or vice versa (see FIG. 13).

[0069] The nonreciprocal circuit device 107 according to the seventh embodiment has the same effects as the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment, except that the orientation of the units is different. When the first magnetic bodies 12 of adjacent units are arranged closer to the ground conductor 3 as in the nonreciprocal circuit device 107 shown in Fig. 13, the sizes of the first magnet 4 and the second magnet 5 can be reduced.

[0070] "Eighth embodiment" FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a nonreciprocal circuit device 108 according to the eighth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a yz cross-section passing through the center of the nonreciprocal circuit device 108 in the x direction. The nonreciprocal circuit device 108 includes, for example, a first unit 1, a second unit 2, a first magnet 4, a second magnet 5, and a housing 6. The nonreciprocal circuit device 108 differs from the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment in that it does not have a ground conductor 3. In the nonreciprocal circuit device 108 according to the eighth embodiment, components similar to those of the nonreciprocal circuit device 103 according to the third embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0071] The first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are arranged at different positions in the xy plane. The first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are located at positions far enough apart that the electric field generated in the first unit 1 has almost no effect on the second unit 2. The positions far enough apart that the electric field generated in the first unit 1 has almost no effect on the second unit 2 are, for example, 2 mm or more. If the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are sufficiently separated, the current flowing through each unit has only a small effect on the other unit. Therefore, in such a case, the ground conductor 3 may be removed.

[0072] The non-reciprocal circuit device 108 according to the eighth embodiment has excellent signal quality because the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 are sufficiently far apart, sufficiently suppressing crosstalk. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal circuit device 108 according to the eighth embodiment has a small number of parts because the first unit 1 and the second unit 2 share a magnet and do not need to install a ground conductor 3.

[0073] Although an example of the first embodiment has been shown above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and various modifications are possible. For example, the characteristic configurations of the respective embodiments may be combined. [Explanation of symbols]

[0074] 1 Unit 1 2 Unit 2 3. Grounding conductor 4. First magnet 5 Second magnet 6. Housing 7 Third Magnet 11, 21 conductor 12, 22 First magnetic body 13, 23 First absorber 14, 24 Second magnetic material 15, 25 Second absorber 41 1st grounding body 51 2nd grounding body 61 Input terminal 62 Output terminal 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 Non-reciprocal circuit elements 111 First area 112 Second area 200 Quantum Computer 201 Quantum Processor 202, 203 Non-reciprocal circuit elements 204, 205 filters 206 Amplifier G Grounding conductor S1 First side S2 Second side S3 Third side T1 Terminal 1 T2 Terminal 2 T3 Third terminal U Unit

Claims

1. The device includes a housing, a first unit, a second unit, a ground conductor, a first magnet, and a second magnet, the first unit, the second unit, the ground conductor, the first magnet, and the second magnet are housed in the housing; the ground conductor is between the first unit and the second unit; the first magnet and the second magnet sandwich the first unit, the ground conductor, and the second unit; the first unit and the second unit each include a conductor, a first magnetic body, a first absorber, a second magnetic body, and a second absorber; the conductor has a first terminal and a second terminal; In each of the first unit and the second unit, the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body sandwich a first region extending between the first terminal and the second terminal of the conductor, and the first absorber and the second absorber sandwich a second region different from the first region of the conductor. Non-reciprocal circuit element.

2. 2. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the ground conductor is a non-magnetic material.

3. The film thickness of the ground conductor satisfies the following formula: d=(2r / ohm) １／２ 2. The nonreciprocal circuit device according to claim 1, wherein in the above formula, d is a film thickness of the ground conductor, ρ is an electrical resistivity of the conductor, ω is an angular frequency of a current flowing through the conductor, and μ is a magnetic permeability of the conductor.

4. Further comprising a third magnet; the third magnet is located inside the ground conductor; The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the third magnet faces both the first magnet and the second magnet.

5. The non-reciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the first unit is positioned so as to overlap the second unit in the stacking direction.

6. The nonreciprocal circuit device according to claim 1 , wherein the first unit is located so as not to overlap the second unit in the stacking direction.

7. A quantum computer comprising the non-reciprocal circuit element according to claim 1.

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