Structure

Abstract

To provide a structure having a configuration for changing the traveling direction of running water without using a draining plate.SOLUTION: In a structure (steel girder 80) having an inclined surface on which water flows, the inclined surface has a first region (water repellent regions 12 and 14) in which a water contact angle is a predetermined contact angle, and a second region (hydrophilic region 16) which is provided adjacent to the first region (water repellent regions 12 and 14) and has a water contact angle smaller than that of the first region (water repellent regions 12 and 14), at least a part of the second region (hydrophilic region 16) is provided above the first region (water-repellent regions 12 and 14) in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure, and more particularly to a structure having an inclined surface through which water flows.

[0002] In this application, a structure refers to something that has been artificially constructed with the intention of resisting an action, and specifically includes civil engineering structures such as bridges and architectural structures such as buildings, but the individual components that make up these (for example, steel girders that are parts that make up a steel bridge) are also considered to be included in the term structure in this application. [Background technology]

[0003] In steel bridges, corrosion of girder ends is thought to be caused by water seeping down from the flanges, and it is therefore considered desirable to install a water-repellent plate on the lower flange to improve corrosion resistance of the girder ends (see Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, when a water-repellent plate is attached using a welded structure, fatigue damage to the lower flange is a concern, but because the stress level at the girder ends is low, it is generally considered best to attach it using a welded structure after conducting a fatigue durability inspection (see Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Guide to Steel Bridge Structural Details (Revised 3rd Edition)", published in January 2022, Japan Bridge Construction Association, page 8 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the welded structure of the flashing board itself can corrode, and even if fatigue durability is assessed, the risk of fatigue cracks occurring from the welds cannot be eliminated. If the flashing board itself corrodes or if fatigue cracks occur from the welds, there is a risk that the flashing board may fall.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a structure that has a configuration that changes the direction of flow of running water without using a drain board. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present invention is an invention that solves the above-mentioned problems and provides the following structure.

[0008] That is, a first aspect of the structure according to the present invention is a structure having an inclined surface along which water flows, the inclined surface having a first region having a predetermined water contact angle and a second region adjacent to the first region having a smaller water contact angle than the first region, and at least a portion of the second region being located above the first region in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface.

[0009] In this application, an inclined surface refers to a surface that is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane and that forms an angle with the horizontal plane that is greater than 0 degrees. Note that the inclined surface in this application also includes a vertical surface that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and also includes an inclined surface that forms an angle with the horizontal plane that is greater than 90 degrees (a surface whose outward normal (direction from the inside to the outside of the structure) of the inclined surface of the structure faces downward).

[0010] Furthermore, the "maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface" refers to the direction parallel to the inclined surface that forms the largest angle with the horizontal plane. Similar descriptions elsewhere in this application shall be interpreted in the same manner.

[0011] A second aspect of the structure according to the present invention is the structure of the first aspect, characterized in that the difference in water contact angle between the first region and the second region is 13 degrees or more.

[0012] Here, the water contact angle in this application is measured using the sessile drop method and calculated using the θ / 2 method.

[0013] A third aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure of the first or second aspect, characterized in that the angle between the direction in which the boundary between the first region and the second region extends and the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface is 60 degrees or less.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the structure according to the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to third aspects, characterized in that the inclined surface is composed of the first region and the second region.

[0015] A fifth aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that the inclined surface has the second region formed adjacent to both sides of the first region formed in a band shape.

[0016] A sixth aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that the inclined surface has the first region formed adjacent to both sides of the second region formed in a band shape.

[0017] A seventh aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, characterized in that at least one of the first and second regions is formed by applying a coating material to the surface of a steel material that serves as the base material constituting the inclined surface.

[0018] An eighth aspect of the structure according to the present invention is the structure of the seventh aspect, characterized in that the coating material is a fluororesin-based material.

[0019] A ninth aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure of the fifth aspect, characterized in that the first region formed in a band shape is formed by attaching tape to the surface of steel material as the base material that constitutes the inclined surface.

[0020] A tenth aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure of the sixth aspect, characterized in that the second region formed in a band shape is formed by attaching tape to the surface of the steel material that is the base material that constitutes the inclined surface.

[0021] An eleventh aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, characterized in that at least one of the first and second areas is formed by attaching a film to the surface of a steel material that serves as the base material constituting the inclined surface.

[0022] A twelfth aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, characterized in that the angle formed by the inclined surface with the horizontal plane is greater than 0 degrees and not more than 10 degrees.

[0023] A thirteenth aspect of the structure according to the present invention is a structure according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, characterized in that the inclined surface is a vertical surface that is perpendicular to a horizontal surface.

[0024] A fourteenth aspect of the structure according to the present invention is the structure according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, characterized in that the base material of the structure is a steel material.

[0025] A 15th aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure of the 14th aspect, characterized in that the first region and the second region are formed so that water flowing on the inclined surface does not flow toward the longitudinal ends or joints of the steel material.

[0026] A sixteenth aspect of the structure according to the present invention is the structure according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, characterized in that the structure is a bridge.

[0027] A 17th aspect of the structure of the present invention is a structure of any one of the first to third, seventh, eighth, and 11th to sixteenth aspects (excluding those having the configuration of the structure of any one of the fourth to sixth aspects), characterized in that a third area having a larger water contact angle than the second area is formed adjacent to the upper side of a region of the second area that is located above the first area in the direction of maximum inclination of the inclined surface, and a fourth area having a smaller water contact angle than the third area is formed adjacent to the upper side of the third area in the direction of maximum inclination of the inclined surface. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to the present invention, a structure can be provided that has a configuration that changes the direction of flowing water without using a drain board. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a steel girder 80 of a bridge to which a water flow path control structure and a water flow path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention are applied. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a water flow path control structure 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 4] 4 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 10 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to a second embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 7] 6 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 6) showing a schematic view of a water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 10] 9 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 9) showing a water flow path control structure 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 10 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 13] 13 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12) schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 16] 16 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG. 15) illustrating a water flow path control structure 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] 10 is a side view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a steel girder 80). [Figure 19] 19 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XIX-XIX in FIG. 18) schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] A perspective view showing the experimental status of Study A [Figure 21] A perspective view showing the experimental situation of Study B [Figure 22]A perspective view showing the experimental situation of Study C [Figure 23] A perspective view showing the experimental situation of Study D [Figure 24] A perspective view showing the experimental status of Study E [Figure 25] A perspective view showing the experimental status of Study F [Figure 26] A perspective view showing the experimental situation of Study G [Figure 27] A perspective view showing the experimental status of Study H [Figure 28] A perspective view showing the experimental situation of Study I DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] A structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a water flow path control structure that changes the direction of flowing water without using a drain board, and this water flow path control structure is a characteristic feature of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the following description will be given of this water flow path control structure and a multiple water flow path control structure that is formed by providing multiple water flow path control structures in the maximum inclination direction of an inclined surface, and will serve as a substitute for a description of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. However, for convenience of explanation, the water flow path control structure and the multiple water flow path control structure will also be referred to as embodiments of the present invention. The same applies to the description in the "Examples" section below.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a steel girder 80 of a bridge to which a water path control structure or a water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. The steel girder 80 of a bridge to which a water path control structure or a water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied is a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In describing the water path control structure or the water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is intended to prevent water from reaching the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80 of the bridge. However, the application of the water path control structure or the water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the water path control structure or the water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention can also be used to prevent water from reaching a connection between the steel girder 80 and another component. Furthermore, the water path control structure or the water path control multiple structure according to an embodiment of the present invention can be widely applied to various structures and components as a structure for controlling the direction of water flowing on the inclined surface of a structure in a predetermined direction, and can also be applied to materials other than steel.

[0032] (1) First embodiment Fig. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a side view (side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view along line IV-IV in Fig. 3) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 4 does not show the water-repellent region 14 and the hydrophilic region 16 on the surface of the web 80B. Also, reference numeral 80C denotes the upper flange of the steel girder 80.

[0033] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a water flow path control structure provided near the girder end 80X of a steel girder 80. The steel girder 80 is inclined as shown in Figure 3, with the height position of the girder end 80X being the lowest point on the steel girder 80 and the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80 being the maximum inclination direction of the steel girder 80. When the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment is not provided (as in the state shown in Figure 1), rainwater that falls on the steel girder 80 mainly travels along the lower flange 80A in the maximum inclination direction of the steel girder 80 and reaches the girder end 80X. The inclination angle A of the steel girder 80 with respect to the horizontal plane (the angle between the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80 (here, the maximum inclination direction) and the horizontal plane) is usually greater than 0 degrees and not more than 10 degrees.

[0034] The water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment is a water flow path control structure provided near the girder end 80X of a steel girder 80, and comprises water-repellent regions 12, 14 and a hydrophilic region 16. The water-repellent regions 12, 14 are formed by applying a water-repellent material so that the water contact angle is larger than that of the hydrophilic region 16. The hydrophilic region 16 is a region other than the water-repellent regions 12, 14, and has a smaller water contact angle on the surface than the adjacent water-repellent regions 12, 14. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 16 is located higher in height than the adjacent water-repellent regions 12, 14 (upper side in the maximum inclination direction of the steel girder 80).

[0035] The water-repellent region 12 is a water-repellent region provided on the upper surface of the lower flange 80A near the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80, and is formed in the shape of a right triangle as shown in Fig. 4, by applying a predetermined water-repellent material to the upper surface of the lower flange 80A. As the predetermined water-repellent material used to form the water-repellent region 12, for example, a highly water-repellent fluororesin paint can be used.

[0036] The water-repellent region 14 is a water-repellent region provided on the surface of the web 80B near the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80, and is formed in the shape of a right triangle as shown in Fig. 3, by applying a predetermined water-repellent material to both surfaces of the web 80B. The predetermined water-repellent material used to form the water-repellent region 14 may be, for example, a highly water-repellent fluororesin paint.

[0037] As described above, the steel girder 80 is inclined so that the height position of the girder end 80X is the lowest position on the steel girder 80 (see FIG. 3), and rainwater 2 that splashes onto the steel girder 80 mainly travels along the lower flange 80A toward the girder end 80X. When the rainwater 2 that has traveled along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A toward the girder end 80X reaches the water-repellent region 12, it does not blend in with the water-repellent region 12, which has a large water contact angle, but instead changes direction and travels along the boundary line 12A of the water-repellent region 12, falling downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, and most of it does not reach the girder end 80X.

[0038] 3, when rainwater 2 flowing down along the web 80B of the steel girder 80 reaches the water-repellent region 14, it does not blend with the water-repellent region 14, which has a large water contact angle, but changes its direction of travel and travels along the boundary line 14A of the water-repellent region 14, reaches the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, and travels along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A toward the girder end 80X. After that, as described above, when it reaches the water-repellent region 12, it does not blend with the water-repellent region 12, which has a large water contact angle, but changes its direction of travel and travels along the boundary line 12A of the water-repellent region 12, and falls downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, and most of it does not reach the girder end 80X.

[0039] As described above, by providing the water flow path control structure 10 of this first embodiment near the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80, rainwater 2 is prevented from reaching the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80, and corrosion of the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80 is prevented.

[0040] As mentioned above, the water-repellent regions 12, 14 are formed by applying a water-repellent material so that the water contact angle is larger than that of the surfaces of other regions (hydrophilic regions 16). However, the larger the water contact difference between the water-repellent regions 12, 14 and the surfaces of other regions (hydrophilic regions 16), the less likely rainwater 2 will flow into the water-repellent regions 12, 14 and the more likely it will change direction and flow along the boundary 12A of the water-repellent region 12. Therefore, the water contact difference between the water-repellent regions 12, 14 and the surfaces of other regions (hydrophilic regions 16) is preferably 50 degrees or more, and more preferably 96 degrees or more (the basis for these values ​​will be demonstrated in the experimental examples described below). Therefore, it is preferable to apply a hydrophilic material with a smaller water contact angle to the hydrophilic region 16 instead of applying a typical coating to steel materials.

[0041] Furthermore, if the angle D1 formed by the maximum inclination direction D of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80 (here, the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) and the boundary line 12A of the water-repellent region 12 becomes large, rainwater 2 flowing down the upper surface of the lower flange 80A will easily climb over the boundary line 12A and infiltrate the water-repellent region 12, so the angle D1 is typically set to 60 degrees or less, preferably 30 degrees or less, and more preferably 15 degrees or less. However, if the angle D1 is set too small, the boundary line 12A will become too long and may not match the on-site conditions, so for the steel girders 80 that constitute the superstructure of a bridge, the angle D1 may be set to between 15 degrees and 60 degrees as a standard.

[0042] Similarly, from the viewpoint of making it difficult for rainwater 2 to overcome the boundary line 14A, the angle between the boundary line 14A at the top of the water-repellent area 14 provided on the web 80B of the steel girder 80 and the vertical direction is typically set to 60 degrees or less, preferably 30 degrees or less, and more preferably 15 degrees or less. However, if the angle is set too small, the amount of rainwater 2 whose direction of travel is deflected from the vertical direction by the boundary line 14A will be reduced, which may not suit the conditions on site. Therefore, for the steel girders 80 that constitute the superstructure of the bridge, the angle may be set to be between 15 degrees and 60 degrees as standard.

[0043] (2) Second embodiment Fig. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 6 is a side view (side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in Fig. 6) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 7 does not show the water-repellent regions 14, 24 and the hydrophilic region 16 on the surface of the web 80B.

[0044] The water flow path control multiple structure 26 according to the second embodiment is an embodiment in which, in addition to the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment provided near the girder end 80X, a water flow path control structure 20, which is a similar water flow path control structure, is also provided in an area slightly away from the vicinity of the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80 (an area on the upper side of the inclined steel girder 80, a predetermined distance from the girder end 80X in the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80). The water flow path control structure 20 also causes rainwater 2 that has traveled along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80 toward the girder end 80X to fall downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, thereby further reducing the amount of rainwater 2 that reaches the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80.

[0045] The water flow path control structure 20 has the same configuration as the water flow path control structure 10 of the first embodiment, with water-repellent areas 22 and 24 corresponding to water-repellent areas 12 and 14, boundary lines 22A and 24A corresponding to boundary lines 12A and 14A, angle D2 with respect to the maximum inclination direction D corresponding to angle D1, and the hydrophilic area 16 being common, so the explanation of the water flow path control structure 10 of the first embodiment will be used in place of the explanation of the water flow path control structure 20 of the water flow path control multiple structure 26 of the second embodiment.

[0046] (3) Third embodiment Fig. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 is a side view (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XX in Fig. 9) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 10 does not show the water-repellent areas 34 and hydrophilic areas 16 on the surface of the web 80B.

[0047] The water-repellent regions 12, 14 of the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment were planar, but the water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment has strip-shaped water-repellent regions 32, 34. Experimental examples described below demonstrate that even when the water-repellent regions are strip-shaped, the same water flow path control effect can be obtained as when the water-repellent regions are planar.

[0048] Except for the fact that the water-repellent area is strip-shaped, the water flow path control structure 30 has the same configuration as the water flow path control structure 10 of the first embodiment, with water-repellent areas 32 and 34 corresponding to water-repellent areas 12 and 14, respectively, boundary lines 32A and 34A corresponding to boundary lines 12A and 14A, angle D3 with respect to the maximum inclination direction D corresponding to angle D1, and the hydrophilic area 16 being common, so the explanation of the water flow path control structure 10 of the first embodiment will be used instead of the explanation of the water flow path control structure 30 of this third embodiment.

[0049] Even in the water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment, when rainwater 2 travels along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A toward the girder end 80X and reaches the water-repellent area 32, it does not blend in with the water-repellent area 32, which has a large water contact angle, but instead changes direction and travels along the boundary line 32A of the water-repellent area 32, falling downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, and most of it does not reach the girder end 80X.

[0050] The water-repellent areas 32 and 34, which are band-shaped water-repellent areas, can be suitably formed by attaching a tape-shaped material (for example, a masking tape with a water-repellent material applied to its surface) to a predetermined position on the steel girder 80.

[0051] Furthermore, the hydrophilic area 16 adjacent to the girder end 80X may be a water-repellent area.

[0052] (4) Fourth embodiment Fig. 11 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 12 is a side view (side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 13 does not show the water-repellent regions 34, 44 and the hydrophilic region 16 on the surface of the web 80B.

[0053] The water flow path control multiple structure 46 according to the fourth embodiment is an embodiment in which, in addition to the water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment provided near the girder end 80X, a water flow path control structure 40, which is a similar water flow path control structure, is also provided in an area slightly away from the vicinity of the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80 (an area on the upper side of the inclined steel girder 80, a predetermined distance from the girder end 80X in the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80). The water flow path control structure 40 also causes rainwater 2 that has traveled along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80 toward the girder end 80X to fall downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, thereby further reducing the amount of rainwater 2 that reaches the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80.

[0054] The water flow path control structure 40 has the same configuration as the water flow path control structure 30 of the third embodiment, with the water-repellent areas 42 and 44 corresponding to the water-repellent areas 32 and 34, respectively, the boundary lines 42A and 44A corresponding to the boundary lines 32A and 34A, the angle D4 with the maximum inclination direction D corresponding to the angle D3, and the hydrophilic area 16 being common, so the explanation of the water flow path control structure 30 of the third embodiment will be used in place of the explanation of the water flow path control structure 40 of the water flow path control multiple structure 46 of the fourth embodiment.

[0055] (5) Fifth embodiment Fig. 14 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control structure 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 15 is a side view (a side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI in Fig. 15) schematically showing the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 16 does not show the hydrophilic regions 54 and water-repellent regions 56 on the surface of the web 80B.

[0056] The water flow path control structure 30 according to the third embodiment has strip-shaped water-repellent regions 32, 34, but the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment has strip-shaped water-repellent regions 32, 34 replaced with strip-shaped hydrophilic regions 52, 54, and the hydrophilic region 16 replaced with a water-repellent region 56. The strip-shaped hydrophilic regions 52, 54 are more hydrophilic than the other region (water-repellent region 56), and experimental examples described below demonstrate that the same water flow path control effect can be achieved with strip-shaped hydrophilic regions as with strip-shaped water-repellent regions.

[0057] In the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment, rainwater 2 flows downward through the hydrophilic regions 52, 54, which are regions that are more hydrophilic than other adjacent regions (water-repellent regions 56), along the lower boundary lines 52A, 54A of the hydrophilic regions 52, 54.

[0058] The greater the difference in water contact angle between the hydrophilic regions 52, 54 and the other adjacent surface regions (water-repellent regions 56), the more reliably the rainwater 2 changes direction and the more likely it is to flow along the lower boundary lines 52A, 54A of the hydrophilic regions 52, 54. Therefore, it is preferable that the difference in water contact angle between the hydrophilic regions 52, 54 and the surface region (water-repellent region 56) adjacent to the lower side of the hydrophilic regions 52, 54 be 96 degrees or more (the basis for this value is demonstrated in an experimental example described later). However, if the hydrophilic properties of the hydrophilic regions 52, 54 are greater than those obtained when a general coating is applied to steel materials, it is also possible to apply a general coating to steel materials to the surface region adjacent to the hydrophilic regions 52, 54 (water-repellent regions 56 in the fifth embodiment).

[0059] In the water flow path control structure 50 of this fifth embodiment, when rainwater 2 travels along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A toward the girder end 80X and reaches the hydrophilic area 52, it blends with the hydrophilic area 52, which has a small water contact angle, changes its direction of travel, and travels along the boundary line 52A of the hydrophilic area 52, falling downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, and most of it does not reach the girder end 80X.

[0060] The band-shaped hydrophilic areas 52 and 54 can be suitably formed by attaching a tape-shaped material having a hydrophilic material applied to its surface (for example, a masking tape having a hydrophilic material applied to its surface) to a predetermined position on the steel girder 80.

[0061] This fifth embodiment also has two areas with different water contact angles (hydrophilic areas 52, 54 and the adjacent water-repellent area 56, which is the surface area with a different water contact angle) provided on the inclined surface of the steel girder 80, and is similar to the first to fourth embodiments in that rainwater 2 flows along the boundary line (boundary lines 52A, 54A in this fifth embodiment) between the hydrophilic area 52, 54, which is the area with the smaller water contact angle, and the area with the larger water contact angle.

[0062] Therefore, for all points other than those described above regarding the fifth embodiment, the description of the water flow path control structure according to the first to fourth embodiments will be used instead to describe the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment.

[0063] (6) Sixth embodiment Fig. 17 is a perspective view schematically showing a water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 18 is a side view (side view seen from a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line XIX-XIX in Fig. 18) schematically showing the water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of illustration, Fig. 19 does not show the hydrophilic regions 54, 64 and the water-repellent region 56 on the surface of the web 80B.

[0064] The water flow path control multiple structure 66 according to the sixth embodiment is an embodiment in which, in addition to the water flow path control structure 50 according to the fifth embodiment provided near the girder end 80X, a water flow path control structure 60, which is a similar water flow path control structure, is also provided in an area slightly away from the vicinity of the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80 (an area on the upper side of the inclined steel girder 80, a predetermined distance from the girder end 80X in the longitudinal direction of the steel girder 80). The water flow path control structure 60 also causes rainwater 2 that has traveled along the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80 toward the girder end 80X to fall downward from the side of the upper surface of the lower flange 80A of the steel girder 80, thereby further reducing the amount of rainwater 2 that reaches the girder end 80X of the steel girder 80.

[0065] The water flow path control structure 60 has the same configuration as the water flow path control structure 50 of the fifth embodiment, with hydrophilic areas 62 and 64 corresponding to hydrophilic areas 52 and 54, respectively, boundary lines 62A and 64A corresponding to boundary lines 52A and 54A, angle D6 with respect to the maximum inclination direction D corresponding to angle D5, and the water-repellent area 56 being common, so the explanation of the water flow path control structure 50 of the fifth embodiment will be used in place of the explanation of the water flow path control structure 60 of the water flow path control multiple structure 66 of the sixth embodiment.

[0066] (7) Supplementary information about the embodiment In the description of the water flow path control structure 10 according to the first embodiment, it was stated that the predetermined water-repellent material used to form the water-repellent regions 12 and 14 can be, for example, a highly water-repellent fluororesin paint. However, the water-repellent materials that can be used to form the water-repellent regions 12, 14, 22, 24, 32, 34, 42, 44, and 56 of the water flow path control structures 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 according to the first to sixth embodiments are not limited to this, and examples thereof include fluororesin paint, silicone resin paint, urethane resin paint, acrylic resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyester resin paint, melamine resin paint, and epoxy resin paint. Furthermore, the water-repellent material is not limited to water-based paint, solvent-based paint, and solventless paint. The water-repellent regions may also be formed by attaching a film-like material (e.g., a film coated with a water-repellent material) to the inclined surface of the target structure. Examples of hydrophilic materials that can be used to form the hydrophilic regions 16, 52, 54, 62, and 64 of the water flow path control structures 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 according to the first to sixth embodiments include fluororesin paint, silicone resin paint, urethane resin paint, acrylic resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyester resin paint, melamine resin paint, and epoxy resin paint, and the hydrophilic materials are not limited to water-based paint, solvent-based paint, and solventless paint. The hydrophilic regions may also be formed by attaching a film-like material (for example, a film with a hydrophilic material applied to its surface) to the inclined surface of the target structure.

[0067] The flow path control multiple structure 26 according to the second embodiment is a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining flow path control structures 10 and 20, which have similar configurations, the flow path control multiple structure 46 according to the fourth embodiment is a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining flow path control structures 30 and 40, which have similar configurations, and the flow path control multiple structure 66 according to the sixth embodiment is a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining flow path control structures 50 and 60, which have similar configurations, but it may also be a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining flow path control structures that are not similarly configured, such as a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining flow path control structures 10 and 30. It may also be a flow path control multiple structure formed by combining three or more of the flow path control structures 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60. [Example]

[0068] Below, we will describe experimental examples to support the present invention, which relates to a structure equipped with a configuration that changes the direction of flowing water without using a draining board. In the evaluation of the experimental examples of test specimen samples equipped with two areas with different water contact angles, those that achieved good water path operability were judged as ◯, those that achieved the desired water path operability effect, although not necessarily good, were judged as △, and those that did not achieve the desired water path operability effect were judged as ×. Specific numerical criteria for the judgements ◯, △, and × will be described later.

[0069] In the experiments on the effect of controlling the flow path of water described below, the contents of the study were changed and studies A to I were carried out. All of the experiments described below were carried out indoors in a windless environment and were not affected by wind.

[0070] In Study A, we examined the influence of four parameters on the effectiveness of water flow path control. Specifically, a) The influence of the difference in water contact angle between the two regions (hereinafter simply referred to as "difference in water contact angle") on the effect of controlling the flow path of water. b) The influence of the angle between the boundary line of two regions with different water contact angles and the maximum inclination direction (hereinafter referred to as "boundary angle X") on the effect of controlling the flow path of water. c) The effect of the slope angle Y of the test specimen on the flow path control effect. d) The influence of the flow rate per unit time of flowing water W on the effect of controlling the flow path of the flowing water; The two regions with different water contact angles were both planar regions.

[0071] In Study B, it was confirmed that the effect of controlling the water flow path could be achieved even when the water-repellent region was formed in a strip shape to form regions with different water contact angles.

[0072] In Study C, it was confirmed that the effect of controlling the flow path of water could be obtained even when the hydrophilic region was formed in a strip shape to form regions with different water contact angles.

[0073] In Study D, it was confirmed that a water flow path control effect could be achieved when a water-repellent surface tape was attached to the surface of a steel plate to form a band-shaped water-repellent area and create areas with different water contact angles.

[0074] In Study E, it was confirmed that a water flow path control effect could be achieved when a hydrophilic surface tape was attached to the surface of a steel sheet to form a band-shaped hydrophilic area and create an area with a different water contact angle.

[0075] In Study F, a test specimen was prepared in which a water-repellent surface tape was attached to the surface of a steel plate to form a band-shaped water-repellent area, and the water contact angle of the surface of the other area was made the same as the water contact angle of the water-repellent surface tape surface. It was confirmed that this test specimen did not have the effect of controlling the flow path of water.

[0076] In Study G, a test specimen was prepared in which a hydrophilic surface tape was attached to the surface of a steel plate to form a band-shaped hydrophilic area, and the water contact angle of the surface of the other areas was made the same as the water contact angle of the hydrophilic surface tape surface. It was confirmed that the test specimen did not have the effect of controlling the flow path of water.

[0077] In Study H, a test specimen sample was provided with two surface areas with different water contact angles, and water was poured onto it using a shower to simulate actual rainfall, confirming that the water flow path control effect could be achieved even with actual rainfall.

[0078] In Study I, a test specimen was fabricated with a water-repellent area formed in a band shape to create areas with different water contact angles. Water was then poured onto the specimen using a shower to simulate actual rainfall, and it was confirmed that the water flow path control effect could be achieved even with actual rainfall.

[0079] <(Study A) Study on the difference in water contact angle, boundary angle, slope angle of test specimen, and flow rate of flowing water W per unit time (Experimental Examples 1 to 27)> In Study A, to examine the influence of four parameters (the difference in water contact angles between the two regions, the boundary angle X, the slope angle Y of the test specimen, and the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W) on the water path control effect, a test specimen sample S1 was prepared with two planar regions with different water contact angles. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20 , a water-repellent coating material and a hydrophilic coating material were applied to predetermined areas of a steel sheet P, which was a tin plate (tin-plated steel sheet) measuring 200 mm long and 100 mm wide, to create two planar regions with different water contact angles (planar water-repellent region R and planar hydrophilic region H). Note that although the steel sheet P is a tin plate (tin-plated steel sheet), the term "steel sheet" is used in this application to refer to the steel sheet P, rather than "tin plate." This also applies to similar descriptions elsewhere in this application.

[0080] For specimen sample S1, the difference in water contact angle between the two planar regions (planar water-repellent region R and planar hydrophilic region H) was varied to four different values: 13 degrees, 26 degrees, 50 degrees, and 96 degrees. The relationship between the type of coating material used and the difference in water contact angle is shown in Table 1 below.

[0081] [Table 1]

[0082] The thickness of each coating material listed in Table 1 is 25 μm for the general-purpose fluororesin top coat, 15 μm for hydrophilic fluororesin clear paint A, 15 μm for hydrophilic fluororesin clear paint B, 1 μm for hydrophilic coating agent C, and 15 μm for water-repellent fluororesin clear paint.

[0083] In Figure 20, boundary line L1 is the boundary line between the planar hydrophilic area H and the planar water-repellent area R, and in test sample S1, the boundary angle X (the angle X between boundary line L1 and the maximum inclination direction) was appropriately changed to 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees.

[0084] The difference in water contact angle was changed to the four different values, and the boundary angle X was appropriately changed to 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees to prepare test sample S1.

[0085] The test was conducted with the slope angle Y of the test specimen sample S1 changed to two values: 10 degrees and 90 degrees.

[0086] An experiment was then conducted by dripping running water W as shown in Figure 20. Running water W was dripped using a drip funnel, and 50 mL of running water W was dripped near the top end of test specimen S1 on the side of planar hydrophilic region H, 10 cm above boundary line L1 between planar water-repellent region R and planar hydrophilic region H. The flow rate per unit time of running water W dripping from the drip funnel was measured in advance, and as mentioned above, in this study A, tests were conducted for two cases in which the flow rate per unit time of running water W was 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s. Experimental Examples 1 to 17 were conducted when the flow rate per unit time of running water W was 2 mL / s, and Experimental Examples 18 to 27 were conducted when the flow rate per unit time of running water W was 4 mL / s.

[0087] As shown in Figure 20, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the lower end of the test specimen sample S1, and the flowing water W that flowed along the planar hydrophilic area H side and dropped from the lower end of the test specimen sample S1 was collected in the water collection container C1, and the flowing water W that flowed along the planar water-repellent area R side and dropped from the lower end of the test specimen sample S1 was collected in the water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in each of the water collection containers C1 and C2 were then measured. If the volume ratio of the water collected in the water collection container C1 (water flowing along the planar hydrophilic region H and collected in the water collection container C1) to the total amount of water collected in the water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a good water flow path control effect had been achieved, and a circle was marked in the column for water flow path operability in Table 2. If the volume ratio was 15% or more but less than 50%, it was determined that the desired water flow path control effect, although not necessarily good, had been achieved, and a triangle was marked in the column for water flow path operability in Table 2. The same applies to Studies B to E described below. If the volume ratio was less than 15%, it was determined that the desired water flow path operability effect had not been achieved, and a cross was marked in the column for water flow path operability in Table 2. However, none of the experimental examples 1 to 27 had a volume ratio of less than 15%.

[0088] The experimental results for Experimental Examples 1 to 27 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0089] [Table 2]

[0090] The following can be inferred from the experimental results shown in Table 2. (1) The greater the difference in water contact angle between the two planar regions (water-repellent region R and hydrophilic region H), the better the water flow path operability. This is thought to be because the greater the difference in water contact angle, the greater the mechanical effect on the progress of the flowing water W (mechanical effect based on the difference in water contact angle). In particular, when the difference in water contact angle was as large as 96 degrees, good water flow path operability was obtained when the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W was 2 mL / s, regardless of whether the boundary angle X was 15 degrees, 30 degrees, or 60 degrees, as can be seen from Experimental Examples 8 to 10 and 15 to 17.

[0091] (2) As the boundary angle X between the two planar regions (planar water-repellent region R, planar hydrophilic region H) increases to 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees, the water flow path operability tends to worsen. This is thought to be because the larger the boundary angle X, the greater the angle at which the direction of flow of the flowing water W is deflected from the maximum inclination direction, requiring a greater force. However, even when the boundary angle X is as large as 60 degrees, good water flow path operability can be obtained under other conditions, as can be seen from Experimental Examples 3, 10, and 17, where the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W is 2 mL / s, and Experimental Example 24, where the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W is 4 mL / s.

[0092] (3) As the gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S1 increases from 10 degrees to 90 degrees, the operability of the flowing water path worsens. This is thought to be because the external force acting on the flowing water W in the maximum inclination direction increases as the gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S1 increases.

[0093] (4) The operability of the water flow path worsens as the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W increases to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s. This is thought to be because the greater the flow rate per unit time of the flowing water W, the greater the external force required to deflect the direction of the flowing water W from the maximum inclination direction.

[0094] <(Study B) Confirmation of the effect of controlling water flow paths when the water-repellent area is formed in a strip shape rather than a surface (Experimental Examples 28-31)> In Study B, to confirm the effect of water flow path control when a water-repellent region is formed in a band shape to form regions with different water contact angles, a test specimen S2 was prepared in which the water-repellent region was formed in a band shape rather than a planar shape. Specifically, as shown in Figure 21, a 200 mm x 100 mm tinplate (tin-plated steel sheet) steel sheet P was coated with a 12 mm-wide band of water-repellent fluororesin clear paint in a predetermined area to create a band-shaped water-repellent region R2 with a water contact angle of 102°, and hydrophilic coating agent C was coated in other areas to create planar hydrophilic regions H21 and H22 with a water contact angle of 6°. In Figure 21, boundary line L2 is the boundary between the planar hydrophilic region H21 and the band-shaped water-repellent region R2.

[0095] Table 3 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S2 (Experimental Examples 28 to 31) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0096] [Table 3]

[0097] As shown in Table 3, the difference in water contact angle between the strip-shaped water-repellent region R2 and the planar hydrophilic regions H21 and H22 was 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L2 and the maximum inclination direction) was set to 15 degrees. The gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S2 was changed to two values, 10 degrees and 90 degrees, and tests were conducted for two cases in which the flow rate per unit time of the running water W was set to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s (Experimental Examples 28 to 31). The method of dripping the running water W was the same as in Study A.

[0098] As shown in Figure 21, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S2. Flowing water W flowing along planar hydrophilic region H21 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S2 was collected in water collection container C1, while flowing water W flowing along strip-shaped water-repellent region R2 or planar hydrophilic region H22 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S2 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and if the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along planar hydrophilic region H21 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a satisfactory water flow path control effect was achieved. The experimental results for Experimental Examples 28 to 31 are shown in Table 4 below.

[0099] [Table 4]

[0100] As can be seen from Table 4, even if the water-repellent area is formed in a strip shape rather than a surface, it has been confirmed that a good water flow path control effect can be obtained when the difference in water contact angle between the strip-shaped water-repellent area R2 and the surface-shaped hydrophilic areas H21 and H22 is 96 degrees.

[0101] <(Study C) Confirmation of the effect of controlling the flow path of water when the hydrophilic area is formed in a strip shape instead of a surface (Experimental Examples 32 to 35)> In Study C, to confirm the effect of water flow path control when a hydrophilic region is formed in a band shape to form regions with different water contact angles, a test specimen S3 was prepared in which the hydrophilic region was formed in a band shape rather than a planar shape. Specifically, as shown in Figure 22, a 12-mm-wide band of hydrophilic coating agent C was applied to a predetermined area of ​​a 200 mm x 100 mm tinplate (tin-plated steel sheet) steel sheet P to create a band-shaped hydrophilic region H3 with a water contact angle of 6 degrees. Additionally, a water-repellent fluororesin clear coating was applied to other areas to create planar water-repellent regions R31 and R32 with a water contact angle of 102 degrees. In Figure 22, boundary line L3 is the boundary between the planar water-repellent region R32 and the band-shaped hydrophilic region H3.

[0102] Table 5 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S3 (Experimental Examples 32 to 35) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0103] [Table 5]

[0104] As shown in Table 5, the difference in water contact angle between the band-shaped hydrophilic region H3 and the planar water-repellent regions R31 and R32 was 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L3 and the maximum inclination direction) was set to 15 degrees. The gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S3 was changed to two values: 10 degrees and 90 degrees. The flow rate of the flowing water W per unit time was set to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s. Experiments were conducted (Experimental Examples 32 to 35). The method of dripping the flowing water W was the same as in Study A.

[0105] As shown in Figure 22, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S3. Flowing water W flowing through the strip-shaped hydrophilic region H3 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S3 was collected in water collection container C1, and flowing water W flowing along the planar water-repellent region R32 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S3 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in each of water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and if the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing through the strip-shaped hydrophilic region H3 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a good water flow path control effect was achieved. The experimental results for Experimental Examples 32 to 35 are shown in Table 6 below.

[0106] [Table 6]

[0107] As can be seen from Table 6, even when the hydrophilic area is formed in a strip shape rather than a surface, it has been confirmed that a good water flow path control effect can be obtained when the difference in water contact angle between the strip-shaped hydrophilic area H3 and the surface-shaped water-repellent areas R31 and R32 is 96 degrees.

[0108] <(Study D) Confirmation of the effect of controlling water flow paths when a strip-shaped water-repellent area is formed by attaching water-repellent surface tape (Experimental Examples 36 to 39)> In Study D, to confirm the water flow path control effect when a strip-shaped water-repellent area was formed by applying water-repellent surface tape rather than by applying a coating material, a test specimen S4 was prepared in which the strip-shaped water-repellent area was formed by applying water-repellent surface tape. Specifically, as shown in Figure 23, test specimen S4 was prepared by applying water-repellent surface tape to a predetermined area of ​​a 200 mm x 100 mm tinplate (tin-plated steel sheet) steel sheet P to create a water-repellent tape area R4 with a water contact angle of 102°. Other areas were coated with hydrophilic coating agent C to create planar hydrophilic areas H41 and H42 with a water contact angle of 6°. The water-repellent surface tape used was 3M Masking Tape 243J Plus (paper substrate, acrylic adhesive, 12 mm wide, 0.08 mm thick) coated with a water-repellent fluororesin clear coating. In FIG. 23, a boundary line L4 is a boundary line between the planar hydrophilic area H41 and the water-repellent tape area R4.

[0109] Table 7 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S4 (Experimental Examples 36 to 39) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0110] [Table 7]

[0111] As shown in Table 7, the difference in water contact angle between the water-repellent tape area R4 and the planar hydrophilic areas H41 and H42 was 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L4 and the maximum inclination direction) was set to 15 degrees. The gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S4 was changed to two values: 10 degrees and 90 degrees. The flow rate of the flowing water W per unit time was set to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s. Experiments were conducted (Experimental Examples 36 to 39). The method of dripping the flowing water W was the same as in Study A.

[0112] As shown in Figure 23, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S4. Flowing water W flowing along planar hydrophilic region H41 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S4 was collected in water collection container C1, while flowing water W flowing along water-repellent tape region R4 or planar hydrophilic region H42 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S4 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and if the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along planar hydrophilic region H41 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that good water flow path control was achieved. The experimental results for Experimental Examples 36 to 39 are shown in Table 8 below.

[0113] [Table 8]

[0114] As can be seen from Table 8, even when the strip-shaped water-repellent area is formed by attaching a water-repellent surface tape, it was confirmed that a good water flow path control effect can be obtained when the difference in water contact angle between the water-repellent tape area R4 and the planar hydrophilic areas H41 and H42 is 96 degrees.

[0115] <(Study E) Confirmation of the effect of controlling the flow path of water when a band-shaped hydrophilic area is formed by attaching a hydrophilic surface tape (Experimental Examples 40-43)> In Study E, to confirm the water flow path control effect when a strip-shaped hydrophilic area was formed by applying a hydrophilic surface tape rather than by applying a coating material, a test specimen S5 was prepared in which the strip-shaped hydrophilic area was formed by applying a hydrophilic surface tape. Specifically, as shown in Figure 24, a 200mm x 100mm tinplate (tin-plated steel sheet) steel sheet P was covered with hydrophilic surface tape (tape with a hydrophilic coating agent C applied to its surface) in a predetermined area to create a hydrophilic tape area H5 with a water contact angle of 6°. Other areas were coated with a water-repellent fluororesin clear coating to create planar water-repellent areas R51 and R52 with a water contact angle of 102°. The hydrophilic surface tape used was 3M Masking Tape 243J Plus (paper substrate, acrylic adhesive, 12mm width, 0.08mm thickness) coated with hydrophilic coating agent C. In FIG. 24, a boundary line L5 is a boundary line between the planar water-repellent region R52 and the hydrophilic tape region H5.

[0116] Table 9 below shows the relationship between the types of coating materials and tape materials used in test sample S5 (Experimental Examples 40 to 43) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0117] [Table 9]

[0118] As shown in Table 9, the difference in water contact angle between the hydrophilic tape area H5 and the planar water-repellent areas R51 and R52 was 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L5 and the maximum inclination direction) was set to 15 degrees. The gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S5 was changed to two values: 10 degrees and 90 degrees. The flow rate of the flowing water W per unit time was set to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s. Experiments were conducted (Experimental Examples 40 to 43). The method of dripping the flowing water W was the same as in Study A.

[0119] As shown in Figure 24, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S5. Flowing water W that flowed through hydrophilic tape region H5 and dropped from the bottom of test specimen S5 was collected in water collection container C1, and flowing water W that flowed along planar water-repellent region R52 and dropped from the bottom of test specimen S5 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and if the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water that flowed through hydrophilic tape region H5 and was collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a good flow path control effect was achieved. The experimental results for Experimental Examples 40 to 43 are shown in Table 10 below.

[0120] [Table 10]

[0121] As can be seen from Table 10, even when the strip-shaped hydrophilic area is formed by attaching a hydrophilic surface tape, it was confirmed that a good water flow path control effect can be obtained when the difference in water contact angle between the hydrophilic tape area H5 and the planar water-repellent areas R51 and R52 is 96 degrees.

[0122] <(Study F) Study on the effect of tape substrate thickness on water flow path control effect (Comparative Examples 1 to 4)> In Study F, a test specimen was prepared by applying water-repellent tape to the surface of a steel sheet to form a strip-shaped water-repellent area, while the water contact angle of the remaining surface areas was adjusted to match that of the water-repellent tape. The test specimen did not have any areas with different water contact angles, but did have unevenness in the tape substrate. Specifically, as shown in Figure 25, a 200mm x 100mm tinplate (tin-plated steel sheet) steel sheet P was applied with water-repellent tape to a specific area to create a water-repellent tape area R6 with a water contact angle of 102°. Other areas were coated with a water-repellent fluororesin clear coating to create planar water-repellent areas R61 and R62 with a water contact angle of 102°, creating test specimen sample S6. The water-repellent tape used was 3M Masking Tape 243J Plus (paper substrate, acrylic adhesive, 12mm width, 0.08mm thickness) coated with a water-repellent fluororesin clear coating.

[0123] Table 11 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S6 (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0124] [Table 11]

[0125] As shown in Table 11, the difference in water contact angle between the water-repellent tape region R6 and the planar water-repellent regions R61 and R62 is 0 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L6 and the maximum inclination direction) is 15 degrees. At the boundary line L6, which is the boundary between the planar water-repellent region R61 and the water-repellent tape region R6, there is a step corresponding to the thickness of the base material (paper) of the water-repellent surface tape, 0.08 mm.

[0126] The test samples S6 were tested and tested for two cases in which the gradient angle Y was changed to 10 degrees and 90 degrees, and the flow rate per unit time of the running water W was changed to 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s (Comparative Examples 1 to 4). The method of dripping the running water W was the same as in Study A.

[0127] As shown in Figure 25, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S6. Flowing water W flowing along the planar water-repellent region R61 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S6 was collected in water collection container C1, while flowing water W flowing along the water-repellent tape region R6 or the planar water-repellent region R62 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S6 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured. If the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along the planar water-repellent region R61 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a satisfactory water flow path control effect was achieved. On the other hand, if the volume ratio was less than 15%, it was determined that the desired water flow path control effect was not achieved, and an "x" was marked in the water flow path operability column in Table 12. The experimental results for Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 12 below.

[0128] [Table 12]

[0129] As shown in Table 12, it was confirmed that the desired water flow path control effect was not obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. In Comparative Examples 1 to 4, there is a step at boundary line L6 that corresponds to the 0.08 mm thickness of the substrate (paper) of the water-repellent surface tape, but it is thought that a good water flow path control effect was not obtained because there is no difference in water contact angle between the surfaces of adjacent areas separated by boundary line L6. Therefore, it is thought that the presence of areas with different water contact angles is an important configuration for obtaining a water flow path control effect in the water flow path control structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0130] <(Study G) Study on the effect of tape substrate thickness on water flow path control effect (Comparative Examples 5 to 8)> In Study G, a test specimen was prepared by applying hydrophilic surface tape to the surface of a steel sheet to form a band-shaped hydrophilic area, while the water contact angle of the remaining surface areas was adjusted to match that of the hydrophilic surface tape. The test specimen did not have any areas with different water contact angles, but did have unevenness in the tape substrate. Specifically, as shown in Figure 26, test specimen S7 was prepared by applying hydrophilic surface tape to a specific area of ​​a 200mm x 100mm tin-plated steel sheet P to create a hydrophilic tape area H7 with a water contact angle of 6°. The remaining areas were coated with hydrophilic coating C to create planar hydrophilic areas H71 and H72 with a water contact angle of 6°. The hydrophilic surface tape used was 3M Masking Tape 243J Plus (paper substrate, acrylic adhesive, 12mm width, 0.08mm thickness) coated with hydrophilic coating C.

[0131] Table 13 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S7 (Comparative Examples 5 to 8) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0132] [Table 13]

[0133] As shown in Table 13, the difference in water contact angle between the hydrophilic tape area H7 and the planar hydrophilic areas H71 and H72 is 0 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L7 and the maximum inclination direction) is 15 degrees. At the boundary line L7 between the planar hydrophilic area H71 and the hydrophilic tape area H7, there is a step corresponding to the thickness of the base material (paper) of the hydrophilic surface tape, 0.08 mm.

[0134] The gradient angle Y of the test specimen sample S7 was changed to two values, 10 degrees and 90 degrees, and the flow rate per unit time of the running water W was changed to two values, 2 mL / s and 4 mL / s, and tests were conducted for these two cases (Comparative Examples 5 to 8). The dripping method of the running water W was the same as in Study A.

[0135] As shown in Figure 26, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the bottom of test specimen S7. Flowing water W flowing along the planar hydrophilic area H71 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S7 was collected in water collection container C1, while flowing water W flowing along the hydrophilic tape area H7 or planar hydrophilic area H72 and dropping from the bottom of test specimen S7 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured. If the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along the planar hydrophilic area H71 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was 50% or more, it was determined that a satisfactory water flow path control effect was achieved. On the other hand, if the volume ratio was less than 15%, it was determined that the desired water flow path control effect was not achieved, and an "x" was marked in the water flow path operability column in Table 14. The experimental results for Comparative Examples 5 to 8 are shown in Table 14 below.

[0136] [Table 14]

[0137] As shown in Table 14, it was confirmed that the desired water flow path control effect was not obtained in Comparative Examples 5 to 8. In Comparative Examples 5 to 8, there is a step at boundary line L7 equivalent to the 0.08 mm thickness of the base material (paper) of the hydrophilic surface tape, but it is thought that a good water flow path control effect was not obtained because there is no difference in water contact angle between the surfaces of adjacent areas separated by boundary line L7. Therefore, in the water flow path control structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the presence of areas with different water contact angles is thought to be an important configuration for obtaining the water flow path control effect.

[0138] <(Study H) Confirmation experiment to confirm that the effect of water flow path control can be achieved even with actual rainfall (Experimental Example 44)> In Study H, test specimen sample S8 had two areas (two planar areas) with different water contact angles, and water was poured onto it using a shower to simulate actual rainfall, confirming that the water flow path control effect could be achieved even with actual rainfall.

[0139] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 27, specimen sample S8 was prepared by coating a water-repellent fluororesin clear paint on a predetermined area of ​​steel plate P8, which was a tin plate (tin-plated steel plate) measuring 250 mm long and 100 mm wide, to form a planar water-repellent area R8 with a water contact angle of 102 degrees, and coating another area with hydrophilic coating agent C to form a planar hydrophilic area H8 with a water contact angle of 6 degrees. In Fig. 27, boundary line L8 is the boundary line between planar hydrophilic area H8 and planar water-repellent area R8.

[0140] Table 15 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S8 (Experimental Example 44) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0141] [Table 15]

[0142] As shown in Table 15, the difference in water contact angle between the planar water-repellent region R8 and the planar hydrophilic region H8 was 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L8 and the maximum inclination direction) was 15 degrees, and the gradient angle Y of the test sample S8 was 10 degrees.

[0143] Then, water was sprayed from a shower aimed at the center of the top edge of test specimen S8 (shower target position Z8) from a distance of about 10 cm from test specimen S8. The test was conducted with a shower flow rate of 4.0 L / min (Experimental Example 44). A shower flow rate of 4.0 L / min is considered to be a flow rate significantly higher than actual rainfall (a flow rate several tens of times higher than actual rainfall).

[0144] As shown in Figure 27, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the lower end of test specimen S8. Flowing water W flowing along planar hydrophilic region H8 and dropping from the lower end of test specimen S8 was collected in water collection container C1, and flowing water W flowing along planar water-repellent region R8 and dropping from the lower end of test specimen S8 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in each of water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and the volume ratio of water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along planar hydrophilic region H8 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was calculated. The experimental results for Experimental Example 44 are shown in Table 16 below.

[0145] [Table 16]

[0146] As can be seen from Table 16, the water collection ratio of C1 (hydrophilic area side) is 80% or more, and it has been confirmed that the water flow path control structure included in the embodiment of the present invention, which is equipped with a planar water-repellent area R8 and a planar hydrophilic area H8, can exert a water flow path control effect even for a flow rate significantly higher than actual rainfall (a flow rate several tens of times higher than actual rainfall).

[0147] <(Study I) Confirmation experiment to confirm that the effect of water flow path control can be achieved even with actual rainfall (Experimental Example 45)> In Study I, water was poured onto test specimen sample S9, which had areas with different water contact angles (strip area and planar area), using a shower to simulate actual rainfall, and it was confirmed that the water flow path control effect could be achieved even with actual rainfall.

[0148] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 28, specimen sample S9 was prepared by coating a water-repellent fluororesin clear paint in a band shape on a predetermined area of ​​steel plate P9, which was a tin plate (tin-plated steel plate) measuring 250 mm long and 100 mm wide, to form a band-shaped water-repellent region R9 with a water contact angle of 102 degrees, and coating another area with hydrophilic coating agent C to form planar hydrophilic regions H91 and H92 with a water contact angle of 6 degrees. In Fig. 28, boundary line L9 is the boundary between planar hydrophilic region H91 and band-shaped water-repellent region R9.

[0149] Table 17 below shows the relationship between the type of coating material used in test sample S9 (Experimental Example 45) and the difference in water contact angle.

[0150] [Table 17]

[0151] As shown in Table 17, the difference in water contact angle between the strip-shaped water-repellent region R9 and the planar hydrophilic regions H91 and H92 is 96 degrees. The boundary angle X (the angle X between the boundary line L9 and the maximum inclination direction) was 15 degrees, and the gradient angle Y of the test sample S9 was 10 degrees.

[0152] Then, water was sprayed from a shower aimed at the center of the top edge of test specimen S9 (shower target position Z9) from a distance of about 10 cm from test specimen S9. The test was conducted with a shower flow rate of 4.0 L / min (Experimental Example 45). A shower flow rate of 4.0 L / min is considered to be a flow rate significantly higher than actual rainfall (a flow rate several tens of times higher than actual rainfall).

[0153] As shown in Figure 28, water collection containers C1 and C2 were placed below the lower end of test specimen S9. Flowing water W flowing along the planar hydrophilic region H91 and dropping from the lower end of test specimen S9 was collected in water collection container C1, while flowing along the strip-shaped water-repellent region R9 and the planar hydrophilic region H92 and dropping from the lower end of test specimen S9 was collected in water collection container C2. The volumes of water collected in each of water collection containers C1 and C2 were measured, and the volume ratio of the water collected in water collection container C1 (water flowing along the planar hydrophilic region H91 and collected in water collection container C1) to the total volume of water collected in water collection containers C1 and C2 was calculated. The experimental results for Experimental Example 45 are shown in Table 18 below.

[0154] [Table 18]

[0155] As can be seen from Table 18, the water collection ratio of C1 (hydrophilic area side) is 80% or more, and it has been confirmed that the water flow path control structure included in the present invention, which has the strip-shaped water-repellent area R9 and the planar hydrophilic areas H91 and H92, can exert a water flow path control effect even for flow rates significantly higher than actual rainfall (flow rates several tens of times higher than actual rainfall). [Explanation of symbols]

[0156] 2…Rainwater 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60...Water flow path control structure 12, 14, 22, 24, 32, 34, 42, 44, 56...Water-repellent areas 12A, 14A, 22A, 24A, 32A, 34A, 42A, 44A, 52A, 54A, 62A, 64A...Border line 16, 52, 54, 62, 64…Hydrophilic region 26, 46, 66...Multiple structures for controlling water flow paths 80…Steel girder 80A...Bottom flange 80B…Web 80C...Top flange 80X…Girder end A: Incline angle of steel girder 80 relative to the horizontal plane C1, C2...Water collection container D…Maximum inclination direction D1: Angle between boundary line 12A and maximum inclination direction D D2: Angle between boundary line 22A and maximum inclination direction D D3: Angle between boundary line 32A and maximum inclination direction D D4: Angle between boundary line 42A and maximum inclination direction D D5: Angle between boundary line 52A and maximum inclination direction D D6: Angle between boundary line 62A and maximum inclination direction D H, H8, H21, H22, H41, H42, H71, H72, H91, H92…Planar hydrophilic region H3…band-shaped hydrophilic region H5, H7...Hydrophilic tape area L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9...boundary line P, P8, P9...Steel plate R, R8, R31, R32, R51, R52, R61, R62...area water-repellent area R2, R9...Zonal water-repellent area R4, R6...Water-repellent tape area S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9...Test specimen samples W…Running water X: The angle between the boundary lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, and L9 and the maximum slope direction Y: Inclination angle of specimen samples S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, and S9 relative to the horizontal plane Z8, Z9...Shower target position

Claims

1. A structure having an inclined surface through which water flows, the inclined surface comprising: a first region having a predetermined water contact angle; a second region provided adjacent to the first region and having a smaller water contact angle than the first region; and A structure characterized in that at least a portion of the second region is located above the first region in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface.

2. 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the difference in water contact angle between the first region and the second region is 13 degrees or more.

3. 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed between the direction in which the boundary between the first region and the second region extends and the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface is 60 degrees or less.

4. 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface is composed of the first region and the second region.

5. The structure according to claim 1 , wherein the second region is formed adjacent to both sides of the first region formed in a strip shape on the inclined surface.

6. The structure according to claim 1 , wherein the first region is formed adjacent to both sides of the second region formed in a strip shape on the inclined surface.

7. A structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the first region and the second region is formed by applying a coating material to the surface of a steel material as the base material that constitutes the inclined surface.

8. 8. The structure according to claim 7, wherein the coating material is a fluororesin-based material.

9. 6. The structure according to claim 5, wherein the first region formed in a band shape is formed by applying tape to the surface of a steel material serving as a base material for forming the inclined surface.

10. 7. The structure according to claim 6, wherein the second region formed in a band shape is formed by applying tape to the surface of a steel material serving as a base material for forming the inclined surface.

11. A structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the first region and the second region is formed by attaching a film to the surface of a steel material as the base material that constitutes the inclined surface.

12. 7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed by the inclined surface with respect to the horizontal plane is greater than 0 degrees and is equal to or smaller than 10 degrees.

13. 7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface is a vertical surface perpendicular to a horizontal surface.

14. 7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the base material of the structure is a steel material.

15. The structure described in claim 14, characterized in that the first region and the second region are formed so that water flowing on the inclined surface does not flow toward the longitudinal ends or joints of the steel material.

16. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 9 and 10, wherein the structure is a bridge.

17. A structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a third region having a larger water contact angle than the second region is formed adjacent to the upper side of a region of the second region that is located above the first region in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface, in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface, and a fourth region having a smaller water contact angle than the third region is formed adjacent to the upper side of the third region in the maximum inclination direction of the inclined surface.

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