Coating composition for forming hydrogen gas barrier coating film and hydrogen gas barrier laminate

Abstract

To provide a coating composition that allows formation of a coating film exhibiting superior hydrogen gas barrier properties, and a laminate exhibiting superior hydrogen gas barrier characteristics.SOLUTION: A coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, comprising at least one selected from a metal alkoxide, a hydrolysate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, and further comprising a metal oxide and a phosphoric compound or a sulfuric compound.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a coating composition capable of forming a coating film with excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties, and a hydrogen gas barrier laminate provided with a hydrogen gas barrier coating film made from this coating composition. [Background technology]

[0002] Hydrogen gas, which is used in fuel cells and other next-generation energy sources, is attracting attention as a clean energy source that does not emit carbon dioxide. Hydrogen gas storage containers and components for using hydrogen gas are required to be impermeable to hydrogen gas, so metal materials have traditionally been used. However, due to the problem of metals becoming embrittled by hydrogen, films with hydrogen gas barrier properties have been proposed.

[0003] For example, in Patent Document 1 listed below, an inorganic vapor deposition layer is formed on at least one side of a polymer film, and an organic-inorganic hybrid barrier layer is sequentially laminated on the inorganic vapor deposition layer, and XPS analysis of the surface of the organic-inorganic hybrid barrier layer confirms that at least 5% of each of the elements carbon, oxygen, and silica is present, and furthermore, the atomic percentage of sodium is in the range of 0.1% to 10.0%, and XPS analysis confirms that the atomic percentage of sodium gradually decreases from the surface to the depth direction of the organic-inorganic hybrid barrier layer, and hydrogen gas permeability is 0.6 ml / m 2 The hydrogen gas barrier film is characterized by a hydrogen gas barrier strength of 1000 kJ / day / atm or less.

[0004] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 listed below describes a hydrogen gas barrier film that contains, as a main component, anion-modified cellulose nanofibers having anionic groups, and further contains a hydrophilic liquid medium with a boiling point higher than that of water. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5261986 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6789535 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The film described in Patent Document 1 requires the formation of both an inorganic vapor deposition layer and an organic-inorganic hybrid barrier layer on the film, which requires many steps and makes it difficult to manufacture. Furthermore, even if the film can exhibit excellent hydrogen barrier properties under dry conditions at 23°C, it is unclear whether it can also exhibit similar hydrogen barrier properties under high-temperature or high-humidity conditions. Furthermore, even though the hydrogen gas barrier film described in Patent Document 2 exhibits excellent hydrogen barrier properties under dry conditions at 23°C, there is a risk that the film may not be able to maintain a suitable state under high-temperature conditions because it is an organic material, and furthermore, the film is thought to swell under high-humidity conditions, and therefore there is a risk that the hydrogen gas barrier properties obtained under dry conditions at 23°C may not be exhibited under high-temperature or high-humidity conditions.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film that is easy to produce and can easily form a coating film that has excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties even under high temperature conditions, and a hydrogen barrier laminate that has excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to the present invention, there is provided a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, which comprises at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolyzate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound.

[0009] In the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention, (1) The metal species of the metal alkoxide and metal hydroxide is at least one of aluminum, titanium, iron, and zirconium; (2) The metal alkoxide is at least one of methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, isobutoxide, sec-butoxide, and tert-butoxide; (3) The metal alkoxide is aluminum isopropoxide; (4) The metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide. (5) The metal oxide is zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide. (6) The phosphoric acid compound is at least one of orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and cyclic polyphosphoric acid; (7) When the coating composition is made into a water / isopropanol (60 / 40) dispersion having a solid content of 5 to 7% by mass, the viscosity ratio (A / B) of the viscosity (A) at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm to the viscosity (B) at a spindle rotation speed of 200 rpm measured using a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 25°C is less than 3.6; (8) When the coating composition is dispersed in water / isopropanol (60 / 40) with a solid content of 5 to 7% by mass, the viscosity of the coating composition is less than 113.9 mPa·sec at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer. is preferred.

[0010] The present invention also provides a hydrogen gas barrier laminate having a coating film formed on a substrate, the coating film being made from the above-mentioned coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, wherein the coating film is made from a reaction product obtained by reacting at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolyzate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound.

[0011] In the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention, (1) In the infrared absorption spectrum of the coating film, the wavelength range is 2600 to 3700 cm -1The peak area (P2) and 850-1350 cm -1 The ratio (P2 / P1) of the peak areas (P1) of the (2) A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm is used as a substrate, and a coating amount of 1.8 to 2.2 g / m is applied to the substrate. 2 the haze of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate on which the coating film of the above is formed is less than 9.0%; (3) The content ratio (Al / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) and Al (Al-kα) in the coating film is in the range of 0.06 to 0.58 in fluorescent X-ray measurement. (4) The content ratio (P / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) and P (P-kα) in the coating film measured by fluorescent X-rays is in the range of 1.30 to 2.59. (5) An anchor coat layer is provided between the substrate and the coating film. (6) A biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm is used as a substrate, and a coating amount formed on the substrate is 1.8 to 2.2 g / m 2 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate obtained by laminating a 25 μm thick biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film on the coating film via an adhesive layer has a hydrogen gas permeability of 8.0 × 10 -14 mol / m 2 ·s·Pa (40℃ dry) (7) The hydrogen gas barrier laminate described in (6) above has a hydrogen gas permeability of 8.0×10 under conditions of 40°C and 90% RH. -14 mol / m 2 Less than s Pa, especially 2.0 × 10 -14 mol / m 2 less than ·s·Pa, is preferred.

[0012] The present invention further provides a method for producing a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, which comprises mixing a metal alkoxide, a hydrolysate of a metal alkoxide, at least one metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound, and then stirring the mixture so that the viscosity, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm, is less than 113.9 mPa sec. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention contains at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolysate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, in addition to a metal oxide and a phosphoric acid compound, and thereby enables the formation of a uniform and dense crosslinked structure between the metal oxide and the phosphoric acid compound, making it possible to efficiently form a coating film with excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. In other words, metal alkoxides and their hydrolysates, as well as metal hydroxides, can supplement metal ions under acidic conditions to eliminate the metal ion deficiency, and also react with the phosphate compound to be incorporated into the crosslinked structure and function as a binder between the metal oxide particles, thereby forming a coating film with fewer defects, which, together with the uniform and dense crosslinked structure described above, can exhibit better hydrogen gas barrier properties. As a result, the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention can form a coating film that not only has hydrogen gas barrier properties at temperatures around room temperature (25±5° C.), but also exhibits excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties under high-temperature conditions of 40° C. or higher. Furthermore, as is clear from Example 3 described below, a coating film that exhibits excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties can be formed under high-temperature conditions of 40° C. or higher, not only under dry conditions but also under high-humidity conditions of 90% RH. Furthermore, the reactions of metal alkoxides and their hydrolysates, and metal hydroxides with phosphate compounds do not cause yellowing, making it possible to form colorless and transparent hydrogen gas barrier coating films.Furthermore, the coating films can be formed at low temperatures in a short time, which is also excellent in terms of productivity. Furthermore, by using zirconium oxide as the metal oxide, it is possible to form a stable coating film, and even more excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties are exhibited.

[0014] In the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention, the metal oxide is uniformly and highly dispersed without aggregation due to the dispersion treatment, resulting in reduced thixotropy. Therefore, the viscosity is adjusted to be lower than that of conventional coating compositions for forming a gas barrier coating film, and the composition has excellent coatability and leveling properties, making it possible to form a uniform and smooth coating film. Furthermore, the excellent smoothness of the coating film suppresses light scattering on the coating film surface, which, combined with the absence of aggregation of metal oxide particles, reduces the haze of the coating film and achieves excellent transparency. Furthermore, the excellent coatability reduces the occurrence of coating film defects, and, combined with the formation of a uniform and dense crosslinked structure due to the high dispersion of the metal oxide as described above, allows the formation of a coating film with excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. Furthermore, since the coating composition does not contain a volatile acid, no special measures are required in the drying process, resulting in excellent productivity and safety. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an example of a hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of another example of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] (Coating composition for forming hydrogen gas barrier coating film) An important feature of the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as the "coating composition"), which is capable of forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, is that it contains at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolyzate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide (hereinafter, these three types may be collectively referred to as "metal alkoxides, etc."), a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as "phosphate compounds, etc."). As described above, in the present invention, by containing at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolyzate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide together with a metal oxide and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound, a uniform and dense crosslinked structure is formed by the metal oxide and the phosphate compound, etc., and by reacting the metal alkoxide, etc. with the phosphate compound, etc., it is incorporated into the crosslinked structure and functions as a binder between the metal oxide particles, making it possible to form a coating film that can exhibit excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. Furthermore, the reaction between the metal alkoxide and the phosphoric acid compound does not cause yellowing, so that a colorless and transparent hydrogen gas barrier coating film can be formed.

[0017] Furthermore, the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention is preferably a dispersion of 5 to 7% by mass of solids and a solvent of water / isopropanol (60 / 40), and the viscosity ratio (A / B) of the viscosity (A) at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm to the viscosity (B) at a spindle rotation speed of 200 rpm is less than 3.6, as measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer. That is, paint compositions generally have thixotropy, and since this thixotropy depends on shear stress during dispersion treatment, viscosity decreases when the rotation speed is high and high shear force is applied, and viscosity increases when the rotation speed is low and shear force is weak. The paint composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention has low viscosity even at a low rotation speed (50 rpm), as described above, and is characterized by a viscosity ratio (A / B) of less than 3.6, because the metal alkoxides, metal oxides, phosphate compounds, etc. in the paint composition are highly dispersed and have reduced thixotropy.

[0018] The coating composition of the present invention, when prepared as a dispersion containing 5 to 7% solids by mass and a solvent of water / isopropanol (60 / 40), preferably has a viscosity of less than 113.9 mPa·sec, particularly 26.2 to 96.0 mPa·sec, measured at 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm. This allows the metal oxide particles and other particles in the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film to be uniformly dispersed without agglomeration, making it possible to form a coating film that exhibits excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. Furthermore, as described above, excellent coatability and leveling properties can be achieved, enabling the formation of a defect-free coating film, which also contributes to the development of excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties.

[0019] [Metal oxides] The metal oxide used in the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention is preferably an oxide of a divalent or higher metal atom, and includes, but is not limited to, oxides of magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, aluminum, silicon, titanium, zirconium, etc., and zirconium oxide is particularly preferred. As used herein, the term "metal oxide" refers to a metal oxide containing, as a main component, a structure represented by MOM, where M represents a metal atom and O represents an oxygen atom. Zirconium oxide contains Zr and O as component elements, and amorphous zirconium oxide contains zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) and / or zirconyl hydroxide (ZrO(OH)2) as the main component, while crystalline zirconium oxide contains hydrated zirconium oxide (ZrO2·xH2O) and / or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as the main component. The term "main component" refers to a component that accounts for 50% or more of the total. The crystallinity of zirconium oxide and zirconium oxide coated with a hydrogen gas barrier film can be evaluated by identifying the X-ray peaks specific to crystalline zirconium using a conventionally known X-ray structural diffractometer. In the present invention, either crystalline or amorphous zirconium oxide (zirconia) can be used as the zirconium oxide.

[0020] In coating compositions, zirconium oxide is used in the form of a sol in which zirconium oxide particles are used as a dispersoid and an inorganic acid such as nitric acid is blended as a stabilizer. In the present invention, however, in order to prevent the volatilization of the inorganic acid during coating film formation, which is caused by the inclusion of the inorganic acid, it is preferable to use a zirconium oxide sol in which a carbonate, ammonium carbonate, an organic dispersant, or the like is used instead of an inorganic acid such as nitric acid. Furthermore, the binder component contains at least one of metal alkoxide, hydrolysate of metal alkoxide, and metal hydroxide, which can provide many hydroxyl groups available for reaction with phosphoric acid. Therefore, just like when amorphous zirconium oxide is used, even when crystalline zirconium oxide is used, it is possible to provide hydrogen gas barrier properties equivalent to those when amorphous zirconium oxide with many hydroxyl groups is used.

[0021] Furthermore, it is desirable that the zirconium oxide particles have an average primary particle size (D50) of 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less, which allows the formation of a uniform coating film with excellent transparency. The average particle size (D50) is the volume-average particle size measured by laser diffraction / scattering, and D50 is the 50% value in the volume-based particle size distribution. Using such fine particle-type zirconium oxide as a raw material allows the development of excellent transparency.

[0022] [Phosphate compounds] Phosphoric acid compounds used in the present invention include orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, and their derivatives. Specific examples of polyphosphoric acid include pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid condensed with four or more phosphoric acids. Examples of the above derivatives include salts, (partial) ester compounds, halides (e.g., chlorides), and dehydrates (e.g., diphosphorus pentoxide) of orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphonic acid. Examples of phosphonic acid derivatives also include compounds in which the hydrogen atom directly bonded to the phosphorus atom of phosphonic acid (HP(═O)(OH)2) is substituted with an alkyl group that may have various functional groups (e.g., nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid), N,N,N′,N′-ethylenediaminetetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)), as well as salts, (partial) ester compounds, halides, and dehydrates thereof. Furthermore, organic polymers containing phosphorus atoms, such as phosphorylated starch, can also be used. These phosphate compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use at least one of orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and cyclic polyphosphoric acid.

[0023] [Sulfuric acid compounds] In the present invention, examples of sulfate compounds that can be used instead of the above-mentioned phosphoric acid compounds to react with metal oxides to form dense coating films include compounds selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfates, sulfate esters, alkyl sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, and salts thereof. These sulfate compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, sulfuric acid can be particularly preferably used.

[0024] [Metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate] Metal alkoxides are generally represented by the following formula (1). M n+ (OR)n - ···(1) In the formula, R represents an organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, M represents a metal atom, and n is an integer of 1 or more. Represents a number.

[0025] In the present invention, it is preferable that the metal atom M in the above formula (1) is any one of aluminum, titanium, iron, and zirconium. In the above formula (1), the organic group R is preferably any one of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group. In the present invention, as described above, the metal alkoxide is preferably at least one metal alkoxide selected from methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, isobutoxide, sec-butoxide, and tert-butoxide, and among these, aluminum isopropoxide can be preferably used.

[0026] [Metal hydroxide] Metal hydroxides are generally represented by the following formula (2). M n+ (OH)n - ···(2) In the formula, H represents a hydrogen atom, M represents a metal atom, and n represents an integer of 1 or more. The metal hydroxide is preferably any of the hydroxides of aluminum, titanium, iron, and zirconium listed as examples of metal alkoxides, and among these, aluminum hydroxide is preferably used.

[0027] (Method of manufacturing a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film) The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention may be either an aqueous or solvent-based composition as long as it contains the above-mentioned metal oxide, phosphate compound, etc. and metal alkoxide, etc., but is preferably an aqueous composition. In the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, it is desirable to use a sol containing metal oxide fine particles as the dispersoid as the metal oxide. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a sol containing metal oxide fine particles as the dispersoid that does not contain a volatile acid as a stabilizer, in order to prevent the adverse effects of acid generation on equipment and the working environment. For the above reasons, it is desirable not to use, as a deflocculating agent, volatile acids such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid, which have been used to prepare dispersions with excellent transparency and viscosity stability.

[0028] The coating composition of the present invention is prepared by mixing the above-mentioned metal oxide, phosphate compound, etc., and metal alkoxide, etc. in a solvent capable of dissolving the phosphate compound, etc. and the metal alkoxide, etc. As such an aqueous medium, conventionally known aqueous solvents such as distilled water, ion-exchanged water, and pure water can be used. Similar to known aqueous compositions, organic solvents such as alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, their derivatives, and ketones can be contained. When such a co-solvent is used, it can be contained in an amount of 1 to 90% by mass relative to the aqueous solvent in the aqueous composition. By including a solvent in the above range, film-forming performance is improved. Preferred organic solvents are those having amphiphilic properties, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone.

[0029] In the method for producing the coating composition of the present invention, it is important that the metal oxide, phosphate compound, etc. are uniformly and highly dispersed without aggregation after mixing in a solvent, and therefore it is preferable to carry out a dispersion treatment. In the dispersion treatment, stirring is carried out so that the viscosity measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm is less than 113.9 mPa·sec, particularly in the range of 26.2 to 96.0 mPa·sec. As a dispersion treatment method, any conventionally known dispersion treatment can be used as long as it can adjust the viscosity to the above range. Examples of the dispersion treatment that can be used include, but are not limited to, a method of crushing fine particles by cavitation using an ultrasonic homogenizer, a mechanical dispersion treatment using a disperser with rotating blades, and dispersion using a mill with glass or zirconia beads. In particular, an ultrasonic homogenizer can be preferably used.

[0030] In the coating composition of the present invention, a phosphate compound or the like and a metal alkoxide or the like can be added to the metal oxide within a range that does not impair the hydrogen gas barrier properties. The amount of the phosphate compound or the like to be added varies depending on the type of phosphate compound or the like used and cannot be generally defined. However, when zirconium oxide is used as the metal oxide, phosphoric acid as the phosphate compound or the like, and aluminum isopropoxide as the metal alkoxide or the like, it is desirable to blend in an amount of 53.5 to 90.9 parts by mass, preferably 56.1 to 90.9 parts by mass, and more preferably 69.5 to 85.5 parts by mass of the nonvolatile content of phosphoric acid per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of zirconium oxide.

[0031] The amount of metal alkoxide or the like to be added varies depending on the type of metal alkoxide or the like used and cannot be generally defined. However, when zirconium oxide is used as the metal oxide, phosphoric acid is used as the phosphate compound or the like, and aluminum isopropoxide is used as the metal alkoxide or the like, it is desirable to add aluminum isopropoxide in an amount of 44.7 to 76.0 parts by mass, preferably 47.0 to 76.0 parts by mass, and more preferably 58.1 to 71.5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of zirconium oxide. In the coating composition of the present invention, by ensuring that the contents of the phosphate compound and metal alkoxide, which serve as binder components, are within the above-mentioned ranges, it is possible to prepare a coating composition that can form a suitable coating film that has excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties and transparency.

[0032] In the coating composition of the present invention, it is desirable that the binder components such as the phosphate compound and the metal alkoxide be within the above ranges, but even within the above ranges, a higher content is particularly desirable because it allows for a reduction in the viscosity of the coating composition. Therefore, in the coating composition of the present invention, by employing the above-mentioned high dispersion treatment or an increase in the amount of binder component, or both, it is possible to suitably prepare a coating composition having the desired viscosity characteristics. Furthermore, by increasing the content of the phosphate compound, etc. and the metal alkoxide, etc., the crosslinked structures formed in the coating film increase, and the crosslinked structures of the metal phosphate, which is the reaction product of the metal alkoxide, etc. that acts as a binder between the metal compound particles, and the phosphate compound, etc. also increase, making it possible to provide a coating composition that can form a coating film without defects. Note that if the content of the phosphate compound, etc. and the metal alkoxide, etc. is greater than the above range, not only will no further effect be obtained, but there is also a risk of defects occurring in the barrier structure of the coating film compared to when it is within the above range.

[0033] The coating composition of the present invention preferably contains a catalyst capable of promoting the reaction between the metal oxide or metal alkoxide used and the phosphoric acid compound, etc. This promotes the crosslinking reaction of the coating composition, making it possible to reduce the heating temperature and heating time required for forming a coating film. Examples of such catalysts include acid catalysts such as paratoluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid, and cumenesulfonic acid, as well as amine neutralization products of these acids. Of these, paratoluenesulfonic acid is particularly preferred. The acid catalyst is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, particularly 1 to 3 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of zirconium oxide. In addition to the above components, the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film may also contain a crosslinking agent, a metal complex, a condensation accelerator, a polymer compound, a filler, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an antifoaming agent, a colorant, etc.

[0034] (Hydrogen gas barrier laminate) The hydrogen gas barrier coating film in the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention can be formed from the above-mentioned coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, particularly a coating composition in which the metal oxide is zirconium oxide, and specifically, is a coating film formed by crosslinking a metal oxide with a phosphoric acid compound or a sulfate compound to form a metal phosphate or a metal sulfate. Metal alkoxides and the like also react with phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid to form a metal phosphate or a metal sulfate, which is incorporated into the crosslinked structure and functions as a binder between metal oxide particles. In the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention, the hydrogen gas barrier coating film formed on the substrate has a wavelength of 2600 to 3700 cm in an infrared absorption spectrum. -1 The peak area (P2) and 850-1350 cm -1 It is preferable that the ratio (P2 / P1) of the peak areas (P1) of the two peaks is less than 0.772. The above peak area (P1) in the infrared absorption spectrum is the peak area of ​​phosphate or sulfate in FT-IR measurement of the coating film on the substrate, while the above peak area (P2) is the peak area of ​​hydroxyl groups in the coating film alone. A ratio of these (P2 / P1) of less than 0.772 means, as mentioned above, that the reaction between the metal oxide and the phosphate compound, etc. is efficiently promoted, and a dense crosslinked structure free of defects due to the generation of metal phosphate, etc. is efficiently formed, while the number of unreacted hydroxyl groups is reduced.

[0035] Furthermore, as described above, the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has excellent dispersibility of the metal oxide (preferably zirconium oxide) in the coating film, so there is no aggregation of the metal oxide particles (zirconium oxide particles), and the transparency of the coating film is improved. 2 In the case of a hydrogen gas barrier laminate having a coating film formed in this amount, the haze is less than 9.0%.

[0036] When the hydrogen gas barrier coating film in the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention uses zirconium oxide as the metal oxide, phosphoric acid as the phosphate compound or the like, and aluminum isopropoxide or aluminum hydroxide as the metal alkoxide or the like, it is desirable that the content ratio (Al / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) of zirconium oxide measured by X-ray fluorescence to Al (Al-kα) of aluminum alkoxide or the like measured by X-ray fluorescence is in the range of 0.06 to less than 0.60, preferably in the range of 0.33 to 0.58, and more preferably in the range of 0.44 to 0.54. When the content ratio (Al / Zr) is within the above range, it becomes possible to exhibit the above-described effects of aluminum alkoxide and the like without impairing the dense cross-linked structure of zirconium oxide and phosphate compound, and it becomes possible to exhibit excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties.

[0037] Furthermore, when the hydrogen gas barrier coating film in the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention uses zirconium oxide as the metal oxide, phosphoric acid as the phosphate compound or the like, and aluminum isopropoxide or aluminum hydroxide as the metal alkoxide or the like, it is desirable that the content ratio (P / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) of zirconium oxide measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis to P (P-kα) of the phosphate compound measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis is in the range of 1.30 to 2.68, preferably in the range of 1.51 to 2.59, and more preferably in the range of 1.93 to 2.33. When the content ratio (P / Zr) is within the above range, the phosphate compound reacts efficiently with the metal oxide in the coating film, neither too much nor too little, resulting in the formation of a uniform and dense coating film that exhibits excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties. That is, if the content ratio determined by fluorescent X-ray measurement is lower than the above range and there is an insufficient amount of phosphate compound, the bonding between the metal oxide particles will be insufficient, and defects will occur in the coating film structure, potentially resulting in reduced hydrogen gas barrier properties. On the other hand, if the content ratio determined by fluorescent X-ray measurement is higher than the above range and there is an excess of phosphate compound, the amount of hydroxyl groups derived from the phosphate groups will increase, potentially resulting in reduced hydrogen gas barrier properties.

[0038] The coating film in the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has a wavelength of 1000 to 1120 cm in the infrared absorption spectrum of the coating film formed on the substrate. -1 It is preferable that the coating film of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has an absorption peak in which the infrared absorption is maximum in the range of 1000 Hz to 1000 Hz. That is, as described above, the coating film of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has excellent dispersibility of metal oxides, and therefore a crosslinked structure based on the formation of metal phosphate is efficiently formed. Therefore, the coating film has a maximum absorption peak in the above range derived from the phosphate.

[0039] As described above, the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has a reduced number of hydroxyl groups derived from the phosphate compound and from the surfaces of metal oxide particles that are not used in the reaction in the coating film, and its uniform and dense structure makes it possible to inhibit the permeation of non-polar gas molecules and polar gas molecules, and therefore has excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties and also excellent water vapor barrier properties. In addition, examples of gas molecules other than hydrogen gas that can be inhibited from permeating include, but are not limited to, oxygen, water vapor, helium, nitrogen, methane, ammonia, acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. For example, a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm is used as the substrate, and a coating amount of 1.8 to 2.2 g / m is applied to the substrate. 2The hydrogen gas permeability of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate, which is made by forming a 25 μm thick biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film through an adhesive layer, is 8×10 under dry conditions as well as under high humidity conditions of 90% RH. -14 mol / m 2 It has excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties, with a pressure of less than 1.5 s·Pa (40°C).

[0040] Furthermore, as described above, in the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention, the metal oxide is uniformly and highly dispersed without aggregation, and thus the hydrogen gas barrier coating film is formed as a uniform and smooth coating film with excellent optical properties. In addition, the haze is less than 9.0, and the hydrogen gas barrier laminate uses a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm as a substrate, and the coating amount on the substrate is 1.8 to 2.2 g / m. 2 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate having this coating film formed thereon has excellent optical properties, such as a total light transmittance of 80% or more and a gloss (brightness) of 100 or more at an angle of 60°.

[0041] The hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention is a laminate comprising a substrate and a hydrogen gas barrier layer made of the above-mentioned hydrogen gas barrier coating film formed on at least one surface thereof, and preferably, as shown in Figure 1, a hydrogen gas barrier layer 3 is formed on substrate 1 via an anchor coat layer 2 described below. The anchor coat layer 2 is a coating film that has excellent adhesion to plastic substrate 1, and by forming the hydrogen gas barrier layer on this coating film, the interlayer adhesion between the hydrogen gas barrier layer and the plastic substrate is significantly improved, delamination is suppressed in high temperature or high humidity environments, and peeling of the hydrogen gas barrier layer from the substrate can be effectively prevented even when subjected to retort sterilization or the like. In the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention, it is preferable to form a resin layer 5 made of a thermoplastic resin on the hydrogen gas barrier layer 3 via an adhesive layer 4, as shown in FIG. 2.

[0042] [Base material] The substrate for the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention may be a conventionally known substrate made of a resin such as a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, or a fiber such as paper or a nonwoven fabric, but preferred examples include films, sheets, and any packaging material or molded structure in the shape of a bottle, cup, tray, can, or the like, produced from a thermoformable thermoplastic resin by means of extrusion molding, biaxially oriented film molding, cast film molding, injection molding, blow molding, stretch blow molding, press molding, or the like.

[0043] Examples of thermoplastic resins that can be used for the substrate include olefin copolymers such as low-, medium-, or high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-1-butene copolymer, ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate / isophthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, and metaxylylene adipamide; polyimides such as diamine-carboxylic anhydride copolymers; styrene copolymers such as polystyrene, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ABS resin); vinyl chloride copolymers such as polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer; acrylic copolymers such as polymethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer; and polycarbonate. In addition, in view of recent environmental concerns, chemically recycled polyethylene terephthalate, mechanically recycled polyethylene terephthalate, biomass-derived polyethylene terephthalate, biomass-derived olefin, recycled olefin, etc. can be used. In the present invention, a sheet made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or polypropylene can be particularly suitably used.

[0044] These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in the form of a blend of two or more types, or in the form of a laminate of different resins. The plastic substrate may have a single layer structure, or a laminate structure of two or more layers, for example, formed by co-melt extrusion or other lamination. Furthermore, the plastic material may be subjected to a strength-enhancing process such as uniaxial or biaxial stretching to improve heat resistance. If desired, one or more additives such as pigments, antioxidants, antistatic agents, UV absorbers, and lubricants may be added to the melt-moldable thermoplastic resin in a total amount of 0.001 to 5.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the resin. Furthermore, for example, in order to reinforce the container, one or more of the following fiber reinforcing materials may be blended in a total amount of 2 to 150 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin: glass fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber, carbon fiber, pulp, cotton linter, etc.; powder reinforcing materials: carbon black, white carbon, etc.; or flake-like reinforcing materials: glass flakes, aluminum flakes, etc.; and for the purpose of further increasing the weight, one or more of heavy or soft calcium carbonate, mica, talc, kaolin, gypsum, clay, barium sulfate, alumina powder, silica powder, magnesium carbonate, etc. may be blended in a total amount of 5 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin according to a formulation known per se. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the hydrogen gas barrier properties, scaly inorganic fine powder, such as water-swellable mica or clay, may be blended in a total amount of 5 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin according to a known recipe. Similarly, for the purpose of improving the hydrogen gas barrier property, there is no problem in providing a thin film layer of an inorganic material such as silicon oxide or aluminum oxide on a plastic substrate by physical or chemical vapor deposition.

[0045] The substrate may be a final film, sheet, or molded article such as a container, or the like, or the coating may be provided in advance on a preform for molding into a container. Examples of such preforms include cylindrical parisons with or without bottoms for biaxially stretched blow molding, pipes for molding plastic containers, sheets for vacuum forming, pressure forming, and plug-assist molding, or films for heat-sealed lids and bags.

[0046] [Anchor coat layer] The anchor coat layer formed on the surface of the substrate as needed can be an anchor coat layer that has been conventionally formed on gas barrier laminates, and can suitably be an anchor coat layer made of a conventionally known polyurethane resin that combines a hydroxyl group-containing compound as the main component, such as an acrylic resin or polyol, with an isocyanate curing agent, or an anchor coat layer further containing a silane coupling agent, or an anchor coat layer made of a hydrophilic group-containing resin and a silane coupling agent. The anchor coat layer-forming composition will be described later.

[0047] (Substrate for vapor deposition) As described above, the hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention has excellent water vapor barrier properties in addition to excellent hydrogen gas barrier properties, and therefore can also be used as a substrate on which a vapor-deposited film is formed. The method for forming the vapor-deposited film on the substrate is not particularly limited, and the film can be formed by physical vapor deposition such as sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, etc., or chemical vapor deposition such as plasma CVD, etc. Examples of the vapor-deposited film to be formed include, but are not limited to, gold, silver, copper, titanium, nickel, aluminum, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, a mixture of silica and alumina, indium tin oxide, diamond-like carbon, etc.

[0048] (Method of manufacturing hydrogen gas barrier laminate) In the method for producing a hydrogen gas barrier laminate of the present invention, the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention can be applied directly to at least one surface of the above-mentioned substrate, but it is preferable to apply a composition for forming an anchor coat layer, which will be described later, prior to applying the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film. The amount of the anchor coat layer-forming composition to be applied is determined by the content of the polyurethane resin or carboxyl group-containing polyester resin and the silane coupling agent in the composition, and cannot be generally determined, but is generally in the range of 0.05 to 1.00 g / m2 in terms of the solid content weight of the coating film. 2 , especially 0.10 to 0.50 g / m 2 If the amount of anchor coat applied is less than the above range, the anchor coat layer may not be able to be fixed to the substrate as well as when it is within the above range, while if the amount of anchor coat applied is more than the above range, it becomes less economical. The anchor coat layer-forming composition applied to the substrate is dried at a temperature of 80 to 150°C for 1 to 60 seconds to remove the solvent from the composition, although this depends on the composition and amount applied. This allows the anchor coat layer to be formed economically without affecting the substrate, even if it is made of a plastic with a low melting point, such as polypropylene.

[0049] Next, a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film is applied onto the composition for forming an anchor coat layer, which has been dried after the solvent has been removed. The amount of coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film to be applied is determined by the contents of metal oxides, phosphate compounds, etc., and metal alkoxides, etc. in the composition, and cannot be generally defined, but is generally 0.05 to 3.0 g / m2 in terms of the solid weight of the coating film. 2 , especially 0.1 to 2.5 g / m 2 It is preferable to coat the film so that the coating amount falls within the above range. If the coating amount is less than the above range, sufficient hydrogen gas barrier properties cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the coating amount is more than the above range, it is only economically inferior and does not offer any particular advantage.

[0050] The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film of the present invention can be heated at a temperature of 80 to 220°C, preferably 140 to 220°C, for 1 second to 10 minutes, depending on the composition and application amount of the metal oxide, phosphate compound, metal alkoxide, etc., used in the composition. This reduces the difference in shrinkage due to heating between the hydrogen gas barrier layer and the anchor coat layer, making it possible to improve the crack resistance of the hydrogen gas barrier layer, and also significantly improves the interlayer adhesion between the hydrogen gas barrier layer and the anchor coat layer, preventing peeling of the hydrogen gas barrier layer from the substrate even under high-temperature, high-humidity conditions. Furthermore, the coating film can be formed efficiently at a lower temperature and in a shorter time than conventional gas barrier layers.

[0051] The application of the anchor coat layer forming composition and the hydrogen gas barrier coating film forming coating composition, and the drying or heat treatment can be carried out by a conventionally known method. The application method is not limited to these, but for example, spray coating, immersion, or application with a bar coater, roll coater, gravure coater, or the like is possible. The drying or heating treatment can be carried out by oven drying (heating), infrared heating, high frequency heating, vacuum drying, superheated steam, or the like.

[0052] [Anchor coat layer forming composition] As the anchor coat layer-forming composition to be applied to the surface of the substrate as needed, as described above, an anchor coat layer-forming composition made of a conventionally known polyurethane resin that is a combination of a hydroxyl group-containing compound that serves as a main component, such as an acrylic resin or polyol, and an isocyanate-based curing agent, or an anchor coat layer-forming composition that further contains a silane coupling agent, or a hydrophilic group-containing resin and a silane coupling agent can be suitably used.

[0053] <Polyurethane resin> As the polyurethane resin constituting the anchor coat layer, a polyurethane resin composed of a hydroxyl group-containing compound as a main component, such as a known acrylic resin or polyol, which has been conventionally used as an anchor coat layer, and an isocyanate compound can be used. In the present invention, it is desirable to use a polyurethane resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 80° C. or higher, particularly in the range of 80 to 120° C. If the glass transition temperature is lower than the above range, the heat resistance of the anchor coat layer will be inferior compared to when the glass transition temperature is within the above range, and when the hydrogen gas barrier layer is dried, cracks may occur in the hydrogen gas barrier layer when the hydrogen gas barrier coating film shrinks due to heating, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen gas barrier properties.

[0054] As the acrylic resin, polymers and copolymers synthesized by solution polymerization or suspension polymerization using a conventionally known radical initiator or the like can be used. The glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin is preferably −50 to 100° C., more preferably 40 to 100° C. The number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is preferably 500,000 to 100,000, more preferably 500,000 to 80,000 The hydroxyl value of the acrylic resin is preferably 10 to 200 mgKOH / g, more preferably 80 to 180 mgKOH / g. The monomer for forming the copolymer is not particularly limited, but copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, etc., combined as necessary, can be used. Examples of polyols include glycols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, acrylic polyols, and urethane-modified versions of these, with acrylic polyols and glycols being particularly preferred.

[0055] The glass transition temperature of the polyester polyol is preferably −50 to 100° C., more preferably −20 to 80° C. The number average molecular weight of these polyester polyols is preferably 500,000 to 100,000, more preferably 500,000 to 80,000. Examples of glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and 1,6-hexanediol.

[0056] As the isocyanate component which is a curing agent for polyurethane resins, aromatic diisocyanates, araliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, etc. can be used. Examples of aromatic diisocyanates include tolylene diisocyanate (2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof) (TDI), phenylene diisocyanate (m-, p-phenylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof), 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-, 2,4'-, or 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a mixture thereof) (MDI), 4,4'-toluidine diisocyanate (TODI), and 4,4'-diphenyl ether diisocyanate. Examples of aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates include xylene diisocyanate (1,3- or 1,4-xylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof) (XDI), tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate (1,3- or 1,4-tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof) (TMXDI), and ω,ω'-diisocyanato-1,4-diethylbenzene.

[0057] Examples of alicyclic diisocyanates include 1,3-cyclopentene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate (1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate), 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (isophorodiisocyanate, IPDI), methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (4,4'-, 2,4'-, or 2,2'-methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate)) (hydrogenated MDI), methyl cyclohexane diisocyanate (methyl-2,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate), bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3- or 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane or a mixture thereof) (hydrogenated XDI), and the like.

[0058] Examples of aliphatic diisocyanates include trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, butylene diisocyanate (tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate), hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and 2,6-diisocyanate methyl caffeate.

[0059] The polyisocyanate component may be a polyfunctional polyisocyanate compound such as isocyanurate, biuret, or allophanate derived from the above polyisocyanate monomer, or a polyfunctional polyisocyanate compound having a terminal isocyanate group obtained by reaction with a trifunctional or higher polyol compound such as trimethylolpropane or glycerin. The polyisocyanate component preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 50° C. or higher and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 400 or higher, and more preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 60° C. or higher and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 or higher. In the present invention, it is preferable to use xylene diisocyanate among the above isocyanate components.

[0060] <Hydrophilic group-containing resin> Examples of hydrophilic group-containing resins include, but are not limited to, water-dispersible or water-soluble polyester resins, water-dispersible or water-soluble acrylic resins, and water-dispersible or water-soluble polyurethane resins. In the present invention, polyester resins are preferred, and carboxyl group-containing polyester resins are particularly preferred.

[0061] The carboxyl group-containing polyester resin can be prepared by combining a carboxylic acid anhydride such as phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, or citraconic anhydride with a monomer component typically used in the polymerization of polyester resins. Examples of such monomer components include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and dimer acid; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid (anhydride), fumaric acid, and terpene-maleic acid adducts; alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, and 1,2-cyclohexenedicarboxylic acid; and trivalent or higher polycarboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid (anhydride), pyromellitic acid (anhydride), and methylcyclohexene tricarboxylic acid. One or more of these may be selected and used. In the present invention, from the viewpoint of heat resistance, etc., it is preferable that the proportion of aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid in the polycarboxylic acid components constituting the polyester resin is 50 mol% or more.

[0062] The polyhydric alcohol component constituting the polyester resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol), 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1-methyl-1,8-octanediol, 3-methyl-1,6-hexanediol, 4-methyl-1,7-heptanediol, 4-methyl The polyhydric alcohol component may be selected from aliphatic glycols such as 4-propyl-1,8-octanediol, 4-propyl-1,8-octanediol, and 1,9-nonanediol; ether glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol; alicyclic polyalcohols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, tricyclodecane glycols, and hydrated bisphenols; and trihydric or higher polyalcohols such as trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and pentaerythritol. Among the above polyhydric alcohol components, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol are preferably used in the present invention.

[0063] The carboxyl group-containing polyester resin can be produced by known methods, such as polycondensing one or more of the above-mentioned polycarboxylic acid components with one or more of the polyhydric alcohol components, depolymerizing the resulting mixture after polycondensation with a polycarboxylic acid component such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic anhydride, trimellitic acid, or pyromellitic acid, or ring-opening and adding an acid anhydride such as phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, or ethylene glycol bistrimellitate dianhydride after polycondensation.

[0064] The carboxyl group-containing polyester resin preferably has an acid value of 1 to 80 KOHmg / g, particularly 10 to 30 KOHmg / g, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0 to 120°C, particularly 67 to 80°C. The carboxyl group-containing polyester resin used may be a blended polyester resin, as long as the acid value and Tg after blending fall within the above ranges. The carboxyl group-containing polyester resin is preferably an amorphous polyester.

[0065] <Silane coupling agent> As the silane coupling agent used in the anchor coat layer, an epoxy-based silane coupling agent can be suitably used. Examples of such epoxy-based silane coupling agents that can be used include β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Other silane coupling agents include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, and can be used as needed. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving hot water resistance adhesion, the silane coupling agent used may be hydrolyzed as necessary to promote a condensation reaction of the silane coupling agent.

[0066] The composition for forming the anchor coat layer may be either water-based or solvent-based, but from the viewpoint of the working environment, it is preferable to use an aqueous composition. When the above-mentioned polyurethane resin is used in the composition for forming the anchor coat layer, it is preferable that the composition further contains an epoxy-based silane coupling agent. In addition, the polyurethane resin used is preferably a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane. On the other hand, when the above-mentioned hydrophilic group-containing resin is used in the composition for forming the anchor coat layer, it is desirable that the composition be prepared by containing, among others, a carboxyl group-containing polyester resin and an epoxy-based silane coupling agent. The epoxy-based silane coupling agent is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the polyurethane-based resin, while it is preferably blended in an amount of 100 to 400 parts by mass, particularly 150 to 300 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the carboxyl group-containing polyester resin. If the amount of epoxy silane coupling agent is less than the above range, the crack resistance when dried cannot be obtained satisfactorily compared with the case where the amount is within the above range. On the other hand, if the amount of epoxy silane coupling agent is more than the above range, it is difficult to further improve the adhesion and crack resistance, and there is a risk that the hot water resistance will be impaired, and furthermore, it will be inferior from the viewpoint of economic efficiency.

[0067] The aqueous medium may contain the same conventionally known aqueous medium as that used in the gas barrier layer-forming composition, as well as organic solvents such as alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, and derivatives thereof. In addition to the above components, the anchor coat layer-forming composition may also contain known curing-accelerating catalysts, fillers, softeners, antioxidants, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, leveling agents, antifoaming agents, plasticizers, inorganic fillers, tackifying resins, fibers, colorants such as pigments, pot life extenders, etc. [Example]

[0068] The present invention will be further explained by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Various measurement and evaluation methods in the examples and comparative examples are as follows.

[0069] Example 1 [Preparation of coating composition for forming hydrogen gas barrier coating film] A hydrogen gas barrier coating film-forming coating composition (hereafter referred to as "barrier coat coating") was prepared using zirconium oxide sol (Zirconia Sol ZSL-00120B, manufactured by Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., crystalline zirconium oxide, tetragonal system, solid content (ZrO2 equivalent) = 20%) as the metal oxide. First, the zirconium oxide sol was prepared using water and isopropanol solvent to a solid content of 6.1% and a water / isopropanol ratio of 60 / 40. Next, 47.0 parts by mass of aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as an additive and 56.1 parts by mass of phosphoric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration = 75%) as a phosphate compound were added per 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the zirconium oxide sol. The mixture was then dispersed using a homogenizer for a predetermined time to obtain a barrier coat coating.

[0070] [Method for producing hydrogen gas barrier laminate] A hydrogen gas barrier laminate was produced using the prepared barrier coating paint as follows: The above-mentioned barrier coating paint was applied to a substrate of a 25 μm-thick biaxially oriented polyester film (E5102 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) using a bar coater in an amount of 1.8 to 2.2 g / m 2 The coating was then heated and dried in a box oven at 200°C for 2 minutes to obtain a hydrogen gas barrier laminate.

[0071] [Method for preparing samples for evaluating hydrogen gas barrier properties, etc.] The sample for evaluation of hydrogen gas barrier properties, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "evaluation sample") was prepared by applying 4.0 g / m of the coating to the barrier coat surface of the hydrogen gas barrier laminate. 2 The urethane adhesive (Takenate A-315 / Takenate A-50 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was applied using a bar coater, dried using a dryer, and then laminated with the 25 μm thick biaxially oriented polyester film to prepare a sample for evaluation of hydrogen gas barrier properties, etc.

[0072] Example 2 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate and an evaluation sample were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 53.7 parts by mass of aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as an additive, and phosphoric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration=75%) was added as a phosphate compound so that the non-volatile content of the phosphoric acid was 64.2 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the zirconium oxide sol.

[0073] Example 3 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate and an evaluation sample were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 58.1 parts by mass of aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as an additive, and phosphoric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration=75%) was added as a phosphate compound so that the non-volatile content of the phosphoric acid was 69.5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the zirconium oxide sol.

[0074] Example 4 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate and an evaluation sample were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 71.5 parts by mass of aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as an additive, and phosphoric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration=75%) was added as a phosphate compound so that the non-volatile content of the phosphoric acid was 85.5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the zirconium oxide sol.

[0075] Example 5 A hydrogen gas barrier laminate and an evaluation sample were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 76.0 parts by mass of aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added as an additive, and phosphoric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration=75%) was added as a phosphate compound so that the non-volatile content of the phosphoric acid was 90.9 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the zirconium oxide sol.

[0076] (Comparative Example 1) A biaxially stretched polyester film with a thickness of 100 μm was used as a sample for evaluating hydrogen gas barrier properties and the like.

[0077] (Comparative Example 2) A 25-μm thick polyimide film was used as a sample for evaluating hydrogen gas barrier properties and the like.

[0078] (Evaluation Method) Using the following evaluation methods, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, evaluation results of the gas barrier laminate and the evaluation samples were obtained.

[0079] [Hydrogen Gas Permeability] Each evaluation sample obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was measured using a differential pressure type gas permeability measuring device (BT-3 manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho). The measurement conditions were: measurement gas: hydrogen, measurement temperature and humidity: 40°C dry, measurement pressure: 100 kPa. Regarding the evaluation sample obtained in Example 3, the hydrogen gas permeability was also measured under the measurement conditions of measurement gas measurement temperature and humidity 40°C - 90%RH, measurement gas: hydrogen, measurement pressure: 100 kPa, using a gas and water vapor permeability measuring device (MORESCO-SuperDetect (Q-S1) differential pressure method).

[0080] [Infrared Absorption Spectrum] Regarding each gas barrier laminate obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the infrared absorption spectrum of the gas barrier coating film applied on the polyester substrate was measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT / IR-6600 manufactured by JASCO Corporation). [Measurement Conditions of FT-IR Device] Equipment used: FT / IR-6600 manufactured by JASCO Measurement conditions: Method ATR (Ge prism) Detector MCT Attachment Thunder Dome Wavenumber range 800 - 4000 cm -1 Film measurement surface: Barrier coating film surface

[0081] [Optical Properties] For each of the gas barrier laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples, the total light transmittance (%), haze (%) and gloss were measured using a haze meter (NDH8000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) and a gloss meter (VG8000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) with the polyester film substrate side as the detector side for measurement.

[0082] [X-ray fluorescence evaluation] The elements contained in each gas barrier laminate obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated by quantifying the phosphorus, aluminum, and zirconium elements using a commercially available X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The net strength obtained by measuring each gas barrier laminate was used to calculate the content ratio of each element in the coating film, which was then used for evaluation. <Measurement conditions for X-ray fluorescence analyzer> Equipment used: Rigaku ZSX PrimusIV Measurement conditions: Measurement target P-Kα ray, Al-Kα ray, Zr-Kα ray Measuring diameter 10mm Measurement X-ray Rh (4.0kw) Film measurement surface Measurement is performed by irradiating X-rays from the barrier coating surface side

[0083] [viscosity] The viscosity of each barrier coating material obtained in the examples and comparative examples was measured using a Brookfield DV2T type viscometer (manufactured by EKO Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd.) under the following measurement conditions: temperature 25°C, spindle SC4-18, chamber 13R, and rotation speeds of 50 rpm and 200 rpm.

[0084] Tables 1 to 3 show the results of various measurements and evaluations of the above examples and comparative examples.

[0085] [Table 1]

[0086] [Table 2]

[0087] [Abbreviations in Tables 1 and 2] NV: solid content of metal oxide in metal oxide sol, ZSL-00120B: crystalline zirconium oxide, TT: total light transmittance, Hz: haze, Gs (60°): gloss at an angle of 60°, P / Zr: content ratio of phosphorus element (P) derived from phosphate compound to zirconium element (Zr) in metal oxide in hydrogen gas barrier laminate, Al / Zr: content ratio of aluminum element (Al) derived from additive to zirconium element (Zr) in metal oxide in hydrogen gas barrier laminate

[0088] [Table 3] [Explanation of symbols]

[0089] 1 substrate, 2 anchor coat layer, 3 hydrogen gas barrier layer, 4 adhesive layer, 5 resin layer.

Claims

1. A coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film, comprising at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolyzate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound.

2. 2. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the metal species of said metal alkoxide and metal hydroxide is at least one of aluminum, titanium, iron and zirconium.

3. 3. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the metal alkoxide is at least one of methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, isobutoxide, sec-butoxide, and tert-butoxide.

4. 3. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the metal alkoxide is aluminum isopropoxide.

5. 3. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide.

6. 3. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide.

7. 3. The coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the phosphoric acid compound is at least one of orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and cyclic polyphosphoric acid.

8. 3. A coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating composition, when dispersed in water / isopropanol (60 / 40) with a solids content of 5 to 7% by mass, has a viscosity ratio (A / B) of less than 3.6, where (A) is the viscosity at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm and (B) is the viscosity at a spindle rotation speed of 200 rpm, as measured at 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer.

9. 3. A coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the viscosity of the coating composition when dispersed in water / isopropanol (60 / 40) and having a solids content of 5 to 7% by mass is less than 113.9 mPa sec, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm.

10. 1. A hydrogen gas barrier laminate having a coating film formed on a substrate from the coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, wherein the coating film comprises a reaction product obtained by reacting at least one of a metal alkoxide, a hydrolysate of a metal alkoxide, and a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound.

11. In the infrared absorption spectrum of the coating film, －１ The peak area (P2) and 850-1350 cm －１ 11. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, wherein the ratio (P2 / P1) of the peak areas (P1) of the above peaks is less than 0.

772.

12. A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm is used as a substrate, and a coating amount of 1.8 to 2.2 g / m is applied to the substrate. ２ 12. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, wherein the hydrogen gas barrier laminate having the coating film formed thereon has a haze of less than 9.0%.

13. 12. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, wherein the coating film has a content ratio (Al / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) and Al (Al-kα) in the range of 0.06 to 0.58 as measured by fluorescent X-rays.

14. 12. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, wherein the coating film has a content ratio (P / Zr) of Zr (Zr-kα) and P (P-kα) in a range of 1.30 to 2.59 as measured by fluorescent X-rays.

15. 12. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, further comprising an anchor coat layer between the substrate and the coating film.

16. A biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 μm was used as a substrate, and the coating amount formed on the substrate was 1.8 to 2.2 g / m ２ A hydrogen gas barrier laminate obtained by laminating a 25 μm thick biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film on the coating film of the above-mentioned composition via an adhesive layer has a hydrogen gas permeability of 8.0×10 －１４ mol / m ２ 12. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 10, wherein the viscosity is less than s Pa (40°C dry).

17. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate has a hydrogen gas permeability of 8.0×10 under conditions of 40° C. and 90% RH. －１４ mol / m ２ 17. The hydrogen gas barrier laminate according to claim 16, wherein the viscosity is less than .s.Pa.

18. 2. A method for producing a coating composition for forming a hydrogen gas barrier coating film according to claim 1, comprising mixing a metal alkoxide, a hydrolysate of a metal alkoxide, at least one metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and a phosphate compound or a sulfate compound, and then stirring the mixture so that the viscosity measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield viscometer at a spindle rotation speed of 50 rpm is less than 113.9 mPa sec.

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