Structure and construction method

Abstract

To provide a structure maintaining strength while having a placing-joint part.SOLUTION: A structure includes: a first wall part formed of any one of mortar and grout; a second wall part formed by placing and joining any one of the mortar and the grout in a placing-joint part compared to the first wall part; wall reinforcements 30 which are arranged in a lattice shape in the first wall part and the second wall part; and placing-joint reinforcement bars 60 which cross the placing-joint part, are fixed to both of the first wall part and the second wall part, and are different from the wall reinforcements.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure and a construction method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, methods for installing wall panels using mortar or the like have been known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2024-015866 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-190079 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In conventional techniques, for example, when installing wall panels in an existing building, construction time constraints can lead to joints being required. Furthermore, when using concrete, setup and curing take time, and noise and vibrations are generated during pouring. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a structure comprising a first wall portion formed of either mortar or grout, a second wall portion formed by joining either mortar or grout to the first wall portion at a joint portion, wall reinforcement bars arranged over the entire length of the first wall portion and the second wall portion, and joint reinforcement bars different from the wall reinforcement bars that intersect the joint portion and are fixed to both the first wall portion and the second wall portion.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a structure, comprising the steps of: arranging wall reinforcement; further arranging joint reinforcement bars different from the wall reinforcement bars and extending so as to intersect with a horizontal plane; erecting a lower formwork to cover the lower parts of the wall reinforcement bars; pouring either mortar or grout inside the lower formwork so as to bury part of the joint reinforcement bars, thereby forming a first wall section; erecting an upper formwork above the first wall section so as to cover the upper parts of the wall reinforcement bars; and pouring either mortar or grout inside the upper formwork so as to bury the entire joint reinforcement bars, thereby forming a second wall section. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a structure that maintains its strength even when it has joints. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1A is a cross-sectional view of a wallboard according to an embodiment, FIG. 1B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the wallboard, and FIG. 1C is a perspective view of the wallboard. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of reinforcement in wall panels. [Figure 3] 1 is a process chart showing the wall panel construction process. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the construction procedure for wall panels, showing (a) the wall reinforcement arrangement process and (b) the installation process of tubular members and joint reinforcement bars. [Figure 5] This is a diagram showing the wall panel construction procedure, showing (a) the lower formwork erection process and (b) the upper formwork erection process. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a wall panel used to reinforce an existing structure. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows (a) a situation in which a wall is constructed by pouring concrete and mortar, and (b) a situation in which a wall is constructed by pouring grout or mortar in one go. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing test specimens AC and A1-C1 used in the experiment. [Figure 9]10 is a graph showing the results of the experiment. [Figure 10] Figures (a) and (b) show examples of the shape of the pouring joint reinforcement. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0009] A wall panel 10, which is a first embodiment of a structure of the present invention, will be described below. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wall panel 10 is a wall made of grout or mortar (both will be collectively referred to as "mortar") reinforced with steel bars. In the following description, the width direction, height direction (or vertical, up-down direction), and thickness (wall thickness) directions will be defined based on the shape of the wall panel 10, as shown in Figure 1, etc.

[0010] The wall panel 10 comprises a skeleton portion 40, wall reinforcement 30 consisting of vertical reinforcement 30a and horizontal reinforcement 30b, and pouring joint reinforcement 60. The wall reinforcement 30 is a reinforcing bar that resists forces generated inside the wall panel 10 and is composed of vertical reinforcement 30a extending in the up-down direction and horizontal reinforcement 30b extending in the width direction. The vertical reinforcement 30a and horizontal reinforcement 30b are arranged in a lattice pattern across the entire surface of the wall panel 10.

[0011] The vertical reinforcement 30a and horizontal reinforcement 30b are arranged in a lattice pattern at a pitch determined by the design and are embedded in the skeleton portion 40. The wall panel 10 may be reinforced in either a single or double manner. In this embodiment, the lattice of the vertical reinforcement 30a and horizontal reinforcement 30b is formed in two parallel rows spaced apart in the wall thickness direction, forming what is known as double reinforcement.

[0012] The skeleton 40 is a wall formed by jointing grout or mortar above and below. The skeleton 40 has a lower wall 43 located below and an upper wall 42 located above the lower wall 43. The upper surface of the lower wall 43 forms a joint surface 40a that extends in the width and wall thickness directions (i.e., approximately horizontally) and is created by jointing the grout or mortar, and the lower surface of the upper wall 42 contacts the joint surface 40a.

[0013] Decorative joints 14 extending in the height direction (vertical direction) are provided on the side surfaces of the wall panel 10. These decorative joints 14 have a depth of about 1 / 10 of the wall thickness and are formed on either or both sides of the wall panel 10. The decorative joints 14 are also provided at appropriate intervals across the width of the wall.

[0014] The body portion 40 has additional joints 41 that form the decorative joints 14. The thickness of the additional joints 41 is equal to the depth (dimension in the wall thickness direction) of the decorative joints 14. In other words, the notches in the additional joints 41 form the decorative joints 14.

[0015] A tubular member 21 is installed near the decorative joint 14 and between the double wall reinforcement bars 30 in the wall thickness direction. The tubular member 21 extends in the height direction and has the same length as the vertical length of the wall panel 10. The tubular member 21 is positioned so that the positions of the vertical reinforcement bars 30a and the tubular member 21 do not coincide in a front view. The diameter of the tubular member 21 is set arbitrarily depending on the conditions, but is preferably between 1 / 4 and 1 / 3 of the wall thickness. For example, if the wall thickness of the wall panel 10 (excluding the additional reinforcement bars 41) is 200 mm, the depth of the decorative joints 14 can be 20 mm, and the diameter of the tubular member 21 can be 50 mm.

[0016] The cylindrical member 21 does not necessarily have to be hollow, and may be cylindrical, or may have an elliptical or polygonal cross section.

[0017] When shrinkage of the structure 40 occurs due to drying or temperature, cracks 12 will occur that extend in the height direction along the tubular member 21, as shown in Figure 1(a). In this way, the wall panel 10 forms a structure that concentrates the strain of the structure 40 near the tubular member 21, inducing cracks.

[0018] The horizontal reinforcement 30b arranged near the tubular member 21 may be subjected to rust prevention treatment such as applying a rust inhibitor or wrapping it with stainless steel material over an area sufficiently wider than the width of the decorative joint 14.

[0019] In this case, the horizontal reinforcement 30b arranged in the decorative joint 14 portion that induces the crack 12 is rust-proofed, so the horizontal reinforcement 30b is prevented from corroding and rusting even if it comes into contact with the outside air and moisture through the crack 12. Furthermore, even if moisture seeps out from the crack 12, it does not turn into rust liquid because it does not contain iron, and discoloration of the wall surface that would damage its appearance is prevented.

[0020] Furthermore, the decorative joints 14 are filled with a resin sealing member 16. A specific example of the material for the sealing member 16 is non-vulcanized butyl rubber. The sealing member 16 prevents the cracks 12 from being exposed to the outside. When the wall panel 10 is used as an exterior wall, it prevents air, rainwater, and the like from entering the wall panel 10 through the cracks 12. When the wall panel 10 is used as an interior wall, it prevents moisture due to humidity or condensation from seeping through the cracks. In this way, neutralization of the body 40 and rusting of the wall reinforcement 30 are prevented, and the aesthetic appearance of the wall surface is maintained.

[0021] The decorative joints 14 also form a structure that induces cracks. Cracks 12 that occur in the decorative joints 14 are covered with the sealing material 16, preventing outside air and moisture from entering the cracks 12. Preventing outside air and moisture from entering the cracks 12 prevents neutralization of the structural body 40 and corrosion of the wall reinforcement 30. Furthermore, because the sealing material 16 covers the cracks 12, the aesthetic appearance of the wall panel 10 is maintained.

[0022] The joint reinforcement bars 60 are reinforcing bars arranged so that each bar extends vertically, and multiple bars are arranged. The joint reinforcement bars 60 are arranged between the vertical reinforcement bars 30a at approximately equal intervals so that they are aligned in the width direction. The upper part of the joint reinforcement bars 60 is bent into a U-shape, with a bent portion 60a that is hung on the horizontal reinforcement bars 30b. In the case of double reinforcement, this type of joint reinforcement also functions as a width stop bar, making it possible to omit some of the width stop bars.

[0023] The shape of the bent portion 60a is not limited to a U-shape, but may be bent at 90 degrees, or may be formed at any angle as shown in Figures 10(a) and 10(b). The bent shape may also be a shape other than a U-shape. Furthermore, the construction joint reinforcement bar 60 may be a straight reinforcing bar, and may have no bent portion 60a.

[0024] The position and direction of the joint reinforcement bars 60 are set appropriately according to the design or construction conditions. In this embodiment, the joint reinforcement bars 60 are arranged so as to be located outside the wall reinforcement bars 30 in the thickness direction. Note that the joint reinforcement bars 60 may be located between two rows of double-reinforced wall reinforcement bars in the thickness direction. Furthermore, the joint reinforcement bars 60 do not necessarily have to be arranged so as to extend vertically, but may also be arranged diagonally. They may also be arranged along (in contact with) the vertical reinforcement bars.

[0025] The joint reinforcement bars 60 are arranged so as to straddle the lower wall 43 and the upper wall 42. In detail, the lower part of the joint reinforcement bars 60 is embedded in the lower wall 43, and the upper part of the joint reinforcement bars 60 is embedded in the upper wall 42. In other words, the middle part of the joint reinforcement bars 60 is located on the joint surface 40a, and the joint reinforcement bars 60 are arranged so as to vertically cross the joint surface 40a.

[0026] The lower and upper parts of the joint reinforcement 60 are embedded in both the lower wall 43 and the upper wall 42, respectively, with a predetermined embedment length equal to the diameter of the joint reinforcement 60 (Fig. 1(b)). The embedment length of the joint reinforcement 60 is preferably 20 times or more. Furthermore, as long as it is 20 times or more, the embedment lengths of the lower and upper parts do not necessarily have to be the same.

[0027] <Construction> The construction procedure for the wall panel 10 will be described with reference to the construction flow of FIG. 3 and FIGS.

[0028] (Step S1) A worker installs the tubular member 21 and arranges the vertical reinforcement 30a and the horizontal reinforcement 30b in a lattice pattern to perform reinforcement arrangement (FIG. 4(a)).

[0029] (Step S2) After or in parallel with the reinforcement arrangement work, the worker arranges the joint reinforcement bars 60 (FIG. 4(b)). The worker can determine the position of the joint reinforcement bars 60 by hooking the bent portions 60a onto the horizontal bars 30b, making the arrangement easy. The surface of the tubular member 21 may be coated with a release agent.

[0030] (Step S3) After the reinforcement is placed, as shown in FIG. 5(a), lower formwork 50 is erected at positions corresponding to both side surfaces of wall panel 10. Jointer rods 51 extending in the height direction are fixed to the surface of lower formwork 50. The outer shape of joint rods 51 corresponds to the shape of decorative joint 14. The erection of formwork 50 can be carried out in parallel with steps S1 and S2, or steps S1 to S3 may partially overlap or be performed in a different order.

[0031] (Step S4) After the lower formwork 50 has been erected, workers pour fresh mortar or fresh grout into the lower formwork 50 in order to construct the lower wall 43.

[0032] (Step S5) After pouring, workers erect the upper formwork 52 (FIG. 5(b)). Specifically, the upper formwork 52 is erected at positions corresponding to both side surfaces of the wall panel 10. Similar to the lower formwork 50, joint rods 51 extending in the height direction are fixed to the surface of the upper formwork 52. Normally, a certain amount of time passes during the erection of the upper formwork 52, allowing the poured grout to harden to a certain extent, forming the pouring joint surface 40a.

[0033] (Step S6) After the upper formwork 52 has been erected, workers pour fresh mortar or fresh grout into the upper formwork 52 to construct the upper wall 42, and then cure the mortar or grout until it hardens.

[0034] (Step S7) After the poured mortar or grout hardens and loses some of its fluidity, workers remove the upper formwork 52, the lower formwork 50, and the joint rods 51. On the surface of the wall panel 10, decorative joints 14 are formed according to the outline of the joint rods 51. The decorative joints 14 are filled with a sealing material 16 as necessary.

[0035] The wall panel 10 can be used to reinforce existing structures. As an example, as shown in Figure 6, it is possible to form the wall panel 10 within a frame formed by existing columns CN and beams BM. In this case, the outer periphery of the wall panel 10 is fixed to the columns CN and beams BM via anchors or fixing bars (not shown).

[0036] When installing new wall panels 10 to reinforce an existing structure, concrete construction is possible, but mortar construction is preferable. This is because grout and mortar do not contain coarse aggregate and can be manufactured using small equipment as shown in Figure 7, making it possible to place the equipment inside the building and making it easier to manufacture than concrete. Also, there is no need to consider the wiring of concrete pump trucks or pressure pipes during construction.

[0037] <Modification> (1) Wall type In the above embodiment, the wall panel 10 is used as an example. The present invention may be configured to use the construction joint reinforcement bars 60 not only in earthquake-resistant walls and load-bearing walls, but also in other types of walls such as partition walls and sleeve walls.

[0038] (2) Decorative joints The decorative joint 14 does not have to be formed in the wall panel 10. The effect of inducing cracks 12 can be sufficiently obtained by using only the tubular member 21. The decorative joint 14 may be provided on only one side of the wall panel 10, not on both sides. In addition, the decorative joint 14 does not necessarily have to be filled with the sealing member 16. The tubular member 21 does not have to be provided in the wall panel 10 either.

[0039] (3) Process During construction, it is not necessary to separate the steps of erecting the lower formwork 50 and the upper formwork 52. Therefore, the formwork may be erected without being divided into the lower formwork 50 and the upper formwork 52, or grout or mortar may be poured after the lower formwork 50 and the upper formwork 52 have both been erected. Also, a single formwork may be used for one side of the wall panel 10, and two formworks, the lower formwork 50 and the upper formwork 52, may be used for the other side. In this case, grout or mortar is poured from above the upper formwork 52 (or from above the formwork in the case of a single formwork). Alternatively, openings may be provided in one or more locations in the formwork, and grout or mortar may be poured through these openings.

[0040] (4) Joint reinforcement The bent portion 60a of the joint reinforcement 60 does not necessarily have to be hung on the wall reinforcement 30. For example, the joint reinforcement 60 may be hung on a reinforcing bar such as an opening reinforcement bar, or on a wall reinforcement 30 or an auxiliary bar assembled to the reinforcing bar.

[0041] The amount, diameter, and pitch of the reinforcing bars of the joint reinforcement bars 60 are set appropriately according to the design conditions. Therefore, the pitch may not match the pitch of the vertical reinforcement bars 30a. Furthermore, the amount and diameter of the reinforcing bars do not need to be the same as those of the wall reinforcement bars 30, and are set appropriately according to the design conditions.

[0042] In addition, although the construction joint reinforcement 60 is double-reinforced in the embodiment, it may be single-reinforced. Whether the construction joint reinforcement 60 is double-reinforced or single-reinforced is also set appropriately according to the design conditions, similar to the amount of reinforcing bar, etc.

[0043] <Experiment> In order to confirm the strength of the wall panel 10 with the above configuration, an experiment was conducted to measure performance such as shear strength. The test specimens used in the experiment were six specimens AC and A1-C1, all made of mortar reinforced with steel bars, as shown in Figure 8.

[0044] Each specimen has a rectangular wall panel, columns, and beams that form a rectangular frame surrounding the wall panel.

[0045] The dimensions of the wall panels were 1480mm (millimeters) in the width direction and 900mm in height. The wall panels were reinforced with D4 rebars arranged in a grid pattern at 120mm intervals, with double reinforcement. The strength of the grout poured was 57.4~67.7N / mm 2 is

[0046] The wall panel of specimen A is a typical wall panel without tubular members 21 or joints. The wall panel of specimen B has a horizontal joint surface 40a. In specimen C, joint reinforcement bars 60 extending vertically are arranged at 120 mm intervals to intersect with the joint surface 40a. The rebar diameter of the joint reinforcement bars 60 is 6 mm, and the anchorage length is 120 mm above and below the joint surface 40a.

[0047] Each of specimens A1-C1 had two tubular members 21. The outer diameter of the tubular members 21 was 18 mm, and they were attached to two locations on the wall panel. With the exception of the tubular members 21, specimens A1, B1, and C1 were identical in shape and material to specimens A, B, and C, respectively.

[0048] These specimens were subjected to alternating positive and negative loading by applying a horizontal force to the center of the upper beam (shown as LC).

[0049] The results of the experiment are shown in Figure 9. Specimen B, which has a construction joint but no construction joint reinforcement, had a lower strength than the other specimens A and C. On the other hand, specimen C, which has construction joint reinforcement, demonstrated a strength similar to that of specimen A, which has no construction joint. In particular, when looking at the strength at a member angle of 0.4%, which is used in strength-based seismic design, specimens A and C are equivalent.

[0050] The results for specimens A1-C1 also showed the effects of the construction joint and the construction joint reinforcement. More specifically, specimen B1, which has a construction joint but no construction joint reinforcement, had a lower strength than the other specimens A1 and C1. On the other hand, specimen C1, which has construction joint reinforcement, exhibited a strength close to that of specimen A1, which does not have a construction joint. In particular, when considering the strength at a member angle of 0.4%, which is used in strength-based seismic design, specimens A1 and C1 are comparable.

[0051] <Effects> In each of the above embodiments and modifications, the following aspects are disclosed.

[0052] (Mode 1) Wall panel 10, which is an example of a structure, comprises a lower wall 43 (corresponding to the first wall portion) formed of either mortar or grout, an upper wall 42 (corresponding to the second wall portion) formed by jointing either mortar or grout to lower wall 43 at joint surface 40a (corresponding to the joint portion), wall reinforcement 30 arranged in a lattice pattern on lower wall 43 and upper wall 42, and joint reinforcement 60 different from wall reinforcement 30 that intersects joint surface 40a and is fixed to both lower wall 43 and upper wall 42.

[0053] Typically, when constructing a structure using mortar or grout, the equipment used for mixing and pumping is small, unlike that used for constructing regular concrete walls (Fig. 7). As a result, construction takes a long time, and it is often necessary to form joints in the structure. As explained in the test results above, forming joints in a structure reduces the strength of the structure.

[0054] Furthermore, when using concrete to construct wall panels, it takes time to set up and cure the concrete, and noise and vibrations occur during pouring. On the other hand, when using mortar, the above problems are less likely to occur, but when forming large cross-section wall panels, pouring the concrete takes time and joints may occur.

[0055] On the other hand, in the configuration of the first embodiment, by placing the joint reinforcement bars 60 in the structure, it is possible to reduce or prevent a decrease in the strength of the structure. The joint reinforcement bars 60 are easy to place and only a small amount of rebar is required, so the time and financial costs required for the construction of the joint reinforcement bars 60 are low. In addition, it is possible to provide large cross-section wall panels without generating noise or vibration.

[0056] (Embodiment 2) In embodiment 1, the joint reinforcement 60 forms a bent portion 60a inside the upper wall 42, and the bent portion 60a is hung on the wall reinforcement 30.

[0057] In the above configuration, the worker can determine the position by hooking the bent portion 60a of the pouring joint reinforcement 60 onto the horizontal reinforcement 30b, making it easy to arrange the reinforcement.

[0058] (Embodiment 3) In embodiment 1 or 2, the bent portion 60a is formed by bending the construction joint reinforcement bar 60 into a U-shape.

[0059] In the above configuration, workers can easily arrange the reinforcement bars 60 by using the U-shaped bent joint reinforcement bars 60, and the joint reinforcement bars 60 can be arranged on both sides of the structure. In addition, the joint reinforcement bars 60 can be easily processed and transported.

[0060] (Embodiment 4) In any of Embodiments 1 to 3, a columnar tubular member 21 (corresponding to a crack inducing portion) is further provided extending vertically inside at least one of the lower wall 43 and the upper wall 42.

[0061] With the above configuration, cracks are induced near the cylindrical member 21, and the aesthetic appearance of the structure can be maintained.

[0062] (Embodiment 5) A construction method for wall panel 10, which is an example of a structure, includes the steps of: a step (S1) of arranging wall reinforcement 30; a step (S2) of further arranging joint reinforcement 60 different from wall reinforcement 30 and extending so as to intersect the horizontal plane; a step (S3) of erecting lower formwork 50 so as to cover the lower part of wall reinforcement 30; a step (S4) of pouring either mortar or grout inside lower formwork 50 so as to bury part of joint reinforcement 60, thereby forming lower wall 43; a step (S5) of erecting upper formwork 52 above lower wall 43 so as to cover the upper part of wall reinforcement 30; and a step (S6) of pouring either mortar or grout inside upper formwork 52 so as to bury the entire joint reinforcement 60, thereby forming upper wall 42.

[0063] In the above configuration, the lower wall 43 is poured before the upper formwork 52 is installed. In this case, since the upper part of the lower formwork 50 is open, it is easy to introduce piping, vibrators, etc. into the lower formwork 50, facilitating the pouring work.

[0064] Furthermore, by placing the joint reinforcement bars 60 in a structure, it is possible to reduce or prevent a decrease in the strength of the structure caused by joint reinforcement bars. The joint reinforcement bars 60 are easy to place and only a small amount of rebar is required, so the time and financial costs required for the construction of the joint reinforcement bars 60 are low. [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 10 wall panel, 21 tubular member, 14 decorative joint, 16 sealing member, 60 joint reinforcement

Claims

1. a first wall portion formed of either mortar or grout; A second wall portion formed by joining mortar or grout to the first wall portion at a joint portion; Wall reinforcement arranged in a grid pattern in the first wall portion and the second wall portion; A joint reinforcement different from the wall reinforcement that intersects the joint and is fixed to both the first wall portion and the second wall portion; A structure equipped with:

2. The joint reinforcement forms a bent portion bent inside the second wall portion, The bent portion is hung on any of the wall reinforcement, reinforcing reinforcement, and auxiliary reinforcement. The structure of claim 1 .

3. The bent portion is formed by bending the joint reinforcement into a U shape.

3. The structure of claim 2.

4. Further provided is a columnar crack inducing portion extending vertically inside at least one of the first wall portion and the second wall portion. The structure of claim 1 .

5. A process of arranging wall reinforcement; Further arranging a joint reinforcement bar different from the wall reinforcement bar extending so as to intersect with the horizontal plane; erecting a lower formwork so as to cover the lower part of the wall reinforcement; A step of forming a first wall portion by pouring either mortar or grout into the lower formwork so that a portion of the joint reinforcement is embedded; erecting an upper formwork above the first wall portion so as to cover an upper portion of the wall reinforcement portion; A step of pouring either mortar or grout into the upper formwork so as to embed the entire joint reinforcement bar, thereby forming a second wall portion; A method of constructing a structure, including:

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