System for stabilizing reaction chamber pressure and method

Abstract

To provide a system for stabilizing a reaction chamber pressure and a method.SOLUTION: A reactor system may comprise: a first gas source; a second gas source; and a reaction chamber fluid-connected to the first gas source and the second gas source. First gas and second gas are respectively supplied to the reaction chamber from the first and second gas sources, to achieve stabilization of a reaction chamber pressure. The reactor system may comprise: an exhaust line fluid-connected to the reaction chamber in a downstream side of the reaction chamber; a vent line fluid-connected to the first gas source and / or the second gas source, and the exhaust line and bypassing the reaction chamber; and a vent line conductance control valve connected to a pressure monitor connected to the vent line, structured so as to monitor a vent line pressure in the vent line and / or the vent line, and structured so as to perform an adjustment in response to a feed-back from the pressure monitor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to a gas supply system for a reaction chamber, and more particularly to a method for stabilizing a reaction chamber pressure while supplying gas to the reaction chamber. [Background technology]

[0002] Reaction chambers may be used to deposit various layers of materials onto semiconductor substrates. The substrate may be placed on a susceptor within the reaction chamber. Both the substrate and the susceptor may be heated to a desired substrate temperature setpoint. In an exemplary substrate treatment process, one or more reactive gases may be passed over the heated substrate, causing the deposition of thin films of materials on the substrate surface. Through subsequent deposition, doping, lithography, etching, and / or other processes, these layers become devices such as integrated circuits.

[0003] For any given process, the reactant gases and / or any by-product gases may then be evacuated via vacuum and / or purged from the reaction chamber. For example, controlling the flow rates and delivery times of materials, including reactant gases, to form a film is important to achieve desired results and device stability. Furthermore, maintaining a substantially constant pressure within the reaction chamber before, during, and / or after the reaction can facilitate achieving desired results in the resulting layer deposited on the substrate. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. These concepts are described in more detail below in the Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments of this Disclosure. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] In some embodiments, a reactor system is provided. The reactor system disclosed herein may include a gas supply system that allows stabilization of the pressure in the reaction chamber of the reactor system. Thus, for example, changing the gas being supplied to the reaction chamber during a process in the reaction chamber (such as a deposition, etching, or cleaning process) can be performed without materially affecting the reaction chamber pressure, allowing for greater control over the process and its results.

[0006] In various embodiments, a reactor system may comprise a first gas source, a first gas supply path fluidly connected to the first gas source, a second gas source, a second gas supply path fluidly connected to the second gas source, and a reaction chamber fluidly connected to the first gas supply path and the second gas supply path, wherein the first gas supply path may be fluidly connected to the reaction chamber at a first gas supply path end, the second gas supply path may be fluidly connected to the reaction chamber at a second gas supply path end, and a first gas may be supplied to the reaction chamber from the first gas source and a second gas may be supplied to the reaction chamber from the second gas source. a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line and configured to monitor a vent line pressure in the vent line; and / or a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line and configured to be adjusted in response to feedback from the pressure monitor.

[0007] In various embodiments, the reaction chamber may be fluidly connected to a first gas supply path and a second gas supply path via a chamber inlet path, the first gas supply path may be fluidly connected to the chamber inlet path at a first gas supply path end, and the second gas supply path may be fluidly connected to the chamber inlet path at a second gas supply path end. In various embodiments, the first gas supply path may comprise a first main gas line and a first branch gas line, the first main gas line may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, and the first branch gas line may be in fluid communication with a vent line. In various embodiments, the second gas supply path may comprise a second main gas line and a second branch gas line, the second main gas line may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, and the second branch gas line may be in fluid communication with a vent line.

[0008] In various embodiments, the first gas main line may include a first main line valve disposed upstream of the reaction chamber and downstream of the first gas branch line, the first gas branch line may include a first branch line valve, the second gas main line may include a second main line valve disposed upstream of the reaction chamber and downstream of the second gas branch line, the second gas branch line may include a second branch line valve, and the first main line valve, the second main line valve, the first branch line valve, and the second branch valve may be configured to at least partially increase or decrease gas flow through the first gas main line, the second gas main line, the first gas branch line, and the second gas branch line, respectively.

[0009] In various embodiments, the reactor system may further include a processor in electronic communication with the pressure monitor and the vent line conductance control valve, and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor and having stored thereon instructions that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform or facilitate the performance of certain operations. Such operations may include monitoring a vent line pressure in the vent line by the pressure monitor, detecting a change in the vent line pressure by the processor, and / or instructing an adjustment of the vent line conductance control valve by the processor to a more open or closed valve position in response to detecting the change in vent line pressure. In various embodiments, detecting a change in vent line pressure may include detecting a difference between the vent line pressure and a reaction chamber pressure in the reaction chamber, and adjustment by the vent line conductance control valve may be configured to reduce the difference between the vent line pressure and the reaction chamber pressure.

[0010] In various embodiments, the method may include flowing a first gas from a first gas source into the reaction chamber such that the reaction chamber has a desired pressure level of the reaction chamber; while flowing the first gas from the first gas source into the reaction chamber, flowing a second gas from the second gas source into an exhaust line downstream of the reaction chamber via a vent line that may be in fluid communication with the second gas source and the exhaust line and that bypasses the reaction chamber; stopping the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber; reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line; flowing the second gas into the reaction chamber in response to reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line such that the reaction chamber may maintain the desired pressure level of the reaction chamber; monitoring a vent line pressure of the vent line via a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line, and / or adjusting a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line based on the vent line pressure detected by the pressure monitor.

[0011] In various embodiments, the pressure monitor may be in electronic communication with the vent line conductance control valve via a processor, which may receive pressure feedback from the pressure monitor and adjust the vent line conductance control valve by sending commands to the vent line conductance control valve. In various embodiments, reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line may occur while stopping the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber. In various embodiments, flowing the second gas from the second gas source through the vent line to the exhaust line may include flowing the second gas through a second gas supply path, which may include a second gas main line and a second gas branch line, where the second gas main line may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the second gas branch line may be in fluid communication with the vent line. Reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line may occur in response to at least partially closing a second branch line valve coupled to the second gas branch line. Flowing the second gas into the reaction chamber can occur in response to at least partially opening a second main line valve coupled to the second gas main line downstream of the second gas branch line.

[0012] In various embodiments, the method may further include detecting an increase in vent line pressure, where adjusting the vent line conductance control valve may include adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a closer valve position to allow less flow through the vent line, and / or detecting a decrease in vent line pressure, where adjusting the vent line conductance control valve may include adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more open valve position to allow more flow through the vent line.

[0013] In various embodiments, the method includes flowing a first gas from a first gas source into the reaction chamber such that the reaction chamber has a desired pressure level in the reaction chamber; while flowing the first gas from the first gas source into the reaction chamber, flowing a second gas from a second gas source into an exhaust line downstream of the reaction chamber via a vent line that may be in fluid communication with the second gas source and the exhaust line and that bypasses the reaction chamber; stopping the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber; reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line; The method may include flowing a first gas to the exhaust line via a vent line that may be in fluid communication with a first gas source in response to stopping the flow of the first gas to the exhaust line; flowing a second gas to the reaction chamber in response to reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line so that the reaction chamber maintains a desired pressure level of the reaction chamber; monitoring the vent line pressure via a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line; and / or adjusting a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line based on the vent line pressure detected by the pressure monitor. In various embodiments, reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line may occur while stopping the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber. In various embodiments, flowing the second gas to the reaction chamber may occur while flowing the first gas to the exhaust line.

[0014] In various embodiments, flowing the first gas from the first gas source to the reaction chamber may include flowing the first gas through a first gas supply path that may include a first main gas line and a first branch gas line, where the first main gas line may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the first branch gas line may be in fluid communication with a vent line. Stopping the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber may occur in response to closing a first main line valve coupled to the first main gas line downstream of the first branch gas line. Flowing the first gas to the exhaust line via the vent line may occur in response to opening a first branch line valve coupled to the first branch gas line.

[0015] In various embodiments, flowing the second gas from the second gas source through the vent line to the exhaust line may include flowing the second gas through a second gas supply path that may include a second gas main line and a second gas branch line, where the second gas main line may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the second gas branch line may be in fluid communication with the vent line. Reducing and / or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line may occur in response to at least partially closing a second branch line valve coupled to the second gas branch line. Flowing the second gas to the reaction chamber may occur in response to at least partially opening a second main line valve coupled to the second gas main line downstream of the second gas branch line.

[0016] In various embodiments, the method may further include detecting a decrease in vent line pressure, where adjusting the vent line conductance control valve may include adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more open valve position to allow more flow through the vent line, and / or detecting an increase in vent line pressure, where adjusting the vent line conductance control valve may include adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more closed valve position to allow less flow through the vent line. In various embodiments, detecting a decrease in vent line pressure and / or detecting an increase in vent line pressure may include detecting a difference in vent line pressure relative to a reaction chamber pressure of the reaction chamber. In various embodiments, adjusting the vent line conductance control valve may reduce the difference between the vent line pressure and the reaction chamber pressure.

[0017] For purposes of summarizing the present disclosure and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain specific objects and advantages of the present disclosure have been described hereinabove. Of course, it should be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught or suggested herein, without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

[0018] All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure. These and other embodiments will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of certain embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the present disclosure is not limited to any particular embodiment discussed.

[0019] The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of this specification. However, a more complete understanding of the present disclosure may best be obtained by reference to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the drawing figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reactor system, according to various embodiments. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas supply system and reaction chamber for a reactor system, according to various embodiments. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another gas supply system and reaction chamber for a reactor system, according to various embodiments. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 illustrates a method according to various embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] While certain specific embodiments and examples are disclosed below, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments and / or applications of the present disclosure, and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof, and therefore it is not intended that the scope of the present disclosure should be limited by the specific embodiments described herein.

[0022] The figures shown herein are not meant to be actual drawings of any particular materials, apparatus, structures or devices, but merely representations used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] As used herein, the term "substrate" may refer to any underlying material or materials that may be used or upon which a device, circuit or film may be formed.

[0024] As used herein, the term "atomic layer deposition" (ALD) can refer to a vapor deposition process in which deposition cycles, preferably multiple consecutive deposition cycles, are performed in a process chamber. Typically, during each cycle, a precursor chemisorbs to a deposition surface (e.g., the surface of a substrate or a previously deposited underlying surface, such as a material deposited using a previous ALD cycle) to form a monolayer or submonolayer that does not readily react with additional precursors (i.e., a self-limiting reaction). If desired, a reactant (e.g., another precursor or reactant gas) can then be introduced into the process chamber for use in converting the chemisorbed precursor to the desired material on the deposition surface. Typically, this reactant can further react with the precursor. Additionally, a purging step can also be utilized during each cycle to remove excess precursor from the process chamber after conversion of the chemisorbed precursor and / or to remove excess reactants and / or reaction by-products from the process chamber. Furthermore, the term "atomic layer deposition," as used herein, is also meant to include processes denoted by related terms, such as "chemical vapor deposition atomic layer deposition," "atomic layer epitaxy" (ALE), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), gas source MBE, or metalorganic MBE, as well as chemical beam epitaxy when performed with alternating pulses of precursor composition(s), reactive gas(es), and purge (e.g., inert carrier) gas(es).

[0025] As used herein, the term "chemical vapor deposition" (CVD) can refer to any process in which a substrate is exposed to one or more volatile precursors that react and / or decompose on the substrate surface to produce a desired deposit.

[0026] As used herein, the terms "film" and "thin film" can refer to any continuous or discontinuous structure and material deposited by the methods disclosed herein. "Films" and "thin films" can include, for example, 2D materials, nanorods, nanotubes, or nanoparticles, or planar partial or complete molecular layers, or partial or complete atomic layers, or clusters of atoms and / or molecules. "Films" and "thin films" can include materials or layers that have pinholes, yet are at least partially continuous.

[0027] As used herein, the term "contaminant" may refer to any undesirable material disposed within a reaction chamber or any undesirable material in any component of a reaction system that may affect the purity of a substrate or layer disposed within the reaction chamber. The term "contaminant" may refer to, but is not limited to, undesirable deposits, metallic and non-metallic particles, impurities, and waste materials disposed within the reaction chamber or other components of a reactor system.

[0028] As used herein, the term "gas" may include vaporized solids and / or liquids and may be comprised of a single gas or a mixture of gases.

[0029] Reactor systems used in ALD, CVD, and / or the like can be used for a variety of applications, including the deposition and etching of materials on substrate surfaces. In various embodiments, referring to FIG. 1 , a reactor system 50 can include a reaction chamber 4, a susceptor 6 for holding a substrate 30 during processing, a gas distribution system 8 (e.g., a showerhead) for distributing one or more reactants to the surface of the substrate 30, one or more reactant sources 10, 12, and / or a carrier and / or purge gas source 14 fluidly connected to the reaction chamber 4 via lines 16-20 and valves or controllers 22-26. Reactant gases or other materials from the reactant sources 10, 12 can be applied to the substrate 30 in the reaction chamber 4. A purge gas from the purge gas source 14 can flow into and through the reaction chamber 4 to remove any excess reactants or other undesired materials from the reaction chamber 4. The system 50 may also include a vacuum source 28 fluidly connected to the reaction chamber 4, which may be configured to draw reactants, purge gases, or other materials from the reaction chamber 4.

[0030] Various processes (e.g., for depositing material on a substrate in a reaction chamber (e.g., reaction chamber 4), for etching, and / or for cleaning) may be better regulated in response to the pressure in the reaction chamber being substantially constant (e.g., the reaction chamber pressure being maintained at a desired level and / or within a desired range). Processes such as deposition, etching, and / or cleaning processes may involve switching gases delivered to the reaction chamber. For example, in a deposition process, a first reactant gas may be delivered to the reaction chamber, followed by delivery of a purge gas to purge any contaminants or residual first reactant gas, and then a second reactant gas may be delivered to the reaction chamber.

[0031] As used herein, the terms "substantially constant," "substantially similar," "substantially equivalent," and / or the like may be interpreted to refer to minor variations that are less than detectable, variations that do not materially affect a desired or intended result or property, and / or variations that one skilled in the art would recognize as being approximately flat, e.g., in some embodiments, a difference from a compared or reference variation of less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1% of the average or reference variation, or any range thereof. In various embodiments, a substantially constant pressure (e.g., the pressure in a reaction chamber of a reactor system, or the pressure in any other component included in the reactor system) may refer to a difference between the maximum and minimum pressures during processing of a substrate in the reaction chamber of less than 200 Pa, 100 Pa, 50 Pa, 10 Pa, 3 Pa, or 1 Pa.

[0032] As used herein, "substantially simultaneously" may refer to two or more actions or events occurring at or near the same time and / or within a desired time period (e.g., within one second, within one millisecond, etc.). For example, a human observer may determine that two substantially simultaneous actions or events occurred at the same time. One or more substantially simultaneous actions or events may occur within five seconds, within one second, within one-tenth of a second, within one millisecond, or simultaneously of each other.

[0033] 2 and 3 , the gas supply systems 100 and 200 of the reactor systems may include a first gas source 103 fluidly coupled to a first mass flow controller (MFC) 112 and a second gas source 107 fluidly coupled to a second MFC 114. The first gas source 103 and the second gas source 107 may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber 150. In various embodiments, a first gas may be supplied from the first gas source 103 through a first gas supply path 120, which may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber 150. In various embodiments, a second gas may be supplied from the second gas source 107 through a second gas supply path 130, which may be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber 150.

[0034] In various embodiments, the first gas supply path 120 and / or the second gas supply path 130 may be coupled to the reaction chamber 150 such that the first gas supply path 120 and / or the second gas supply path 130 are in direct fluid communication with the reaction chamber. In various embodiments, the gas supply systems 100 and 200 may include a chamber inlet path 152 fluidly coupled to the reaction chamber 150. The chamber inlet path 152 may be fluidly coupled to the first gas supply path 120 and / or the second gas supply path 130. In various embodiments, the first gas supply path 120 and the second gas supply path 130 may be coupled to the chamber inlet path 152 at a convergence point 154 where the first gas supply path 120, the second gas supply path 130, and the chamber inlet path 152 converge and are fluidly coupled to one another. In various embodiments, the first gas supply path 120 and / or the second gas supply path 130 may be coupled to the chamber inlet path 152 at separate locations. Thus, in various embodiments, a first gas from the first gas source 103 may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 by traveling through the first gas supply path 120 and the chamber inlet path 152. Similarly, a second gas from the second gas source 107 may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 by traveling through the second gas supply path 130 and the chamber inlet path 152. In various embodiments, the first gas supply path 120 may be fluidly coupled to the reaction chamber 150 and / or the chamber inlet path 152 at a first gas supply path end, and the second gas supply path 130 may be fluidly coupled to the reaction chamber 150 and / or the chamber inlet path 152 at a second gas supply path end.

[0035] In various embodiments, different gases may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 at different times during a process occurring within the reaction chamber 150 (e.g., a deposition, etching, and / or cleaning process). For example, a first gas from the first gas source 103 may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 (e.g., at a constant flow for a period of time, in pulses of a suitable rate and / or any suitable duration, and / or the like), followed by a second gas from the second gas source 107 (e.g., at the same or a different time as the first gas). In various embodiments, the first gas and the second gas may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 in a deposition cycle. A deposition cycle may include, for example, supplying a first gas to the reaction chamber 150, then supplying a second gas to the reaction chamber 150, and such a cycle may be repeated. In various embodiments, the reactor system and the gas supply system therein may comprise any suitable number of gas sources, such as a third gas source. In such embodiments, a deposition cycle on a substrate may include supplying a first gas, then a second gas, then a third gas to the reaction chamber. The gases used in the process may be any suitable type of gas, such as a reactant gas (or a gas containing any material that will be deposited on the substrate or that will react to form a deposition layer), or a purge gas used to remove any access reactant gases or by-products / contaminants from the reaction chamber prior to the next step in the deposition process.

[0036] In various embodiments, the gas supply systems 100 and 200 may include a vent line 140 configured to transport the first gas or the second gas downstream of the reaction chamber 150 to an exhaust line 160 fluidly connected to the reaction chamber 150. The exhaust line 160 may be fluidly connected to a vacuum source and may be upstream of the vacuum source (e.g., vacuum source 28 in FIG. 1 ). Thus, the vent line 140 may provide a gas path downstream of the reaction chamber 150 from the first gas supply path 120 and / or the second gas supply path 130 that bypasses the reaction chamber 150. In various embodiments, a pressure control valve 162 may be coupled to the exhaust line 160. The pressure control valve 162 may be configured to open and close to various degrees to regulate or control the pressure within the exhaust line 160 and / or the reaction chamber 150 (e.g., similar to the operation of the conductance control valve 158 discussed herein). The pressure control valve 162 may be controlled by the controller 60 and / or the processor 65 .

[0037] In various embodiments, gas supply paths for one or more gas sources may be coupled to a vent line. For example, as shown in the gas supply system 100 of FIG. 2, both the first gas supply path 120 and the second gas supply path 130 may be fluidly coupled to the vent line 140. The first gas supply path 120 may include a first main gas line 122 that may be fluidly coupled to the chamber inlet path 152 and / or the reaction chamber 150, and a first branch gas line 124 fluidly coupled between the first main gas line 122 and the vent line 140. In various embodiments, the first branch gas line 124 may be part of the vent line 140. The second gas supply path 130 of the gas supply system 100 may include a second main gas line 132 that may be fluidly coupled to the chamber inlet path 152 and / or the reaction chamber 150, and a second branch gas line 134 fluidly coupled between the second main gas line 132 and the vent line 140. In the gas supply system 200, as shown in FIG. 3, the first gas supply path 120 may not include a first gas branch line or may not be in fluid communication with the vent line 140.

[0038] In various embodiments, a gas supply system (e.g., gas supply systems 100 and 200) may include one or more valves to control the flow of fluids or gases within various fluid paths of the gas supply system. For example, in gas supply systems 100 and 200, first gas supply path 120 may include a first main line valve 126 coupled to a first main gas line 122 and configured to at least partially increase or decrease the flow of a first gas through first main gas line 122. First gas supply path 120 may include a first branch line valve 128 coupled to a first branch gas line 124 and configured to at least partially increase or decrease the flow of a first gas through first branch gas line 124. Similarly, second gas supply path 130 may include a second main line valve 136 coupled to a second main gas line 132 and configured to at least partially increase or decrease the flow of a second gas through second main gas line 132. In the gas supply system 200, the second gas supply path 130 may include a second branch line valve 138 connected to the second gas branch line 134 and configured to at least partially increase or decrease the flow of the second gas through the second gas branch line 134.

[0039] In various embodiments, gas delivery systems 100 and 200 and / or reactor systems including gas delivery systems may include one or more processors and / or controllers. A controller (e.g., controller 60) including a processor (e.g., processor 65) may be in electronic communication with first main line valve 126, first branch line valve 128, second main line valve 136, and / or second branch line valve 138 and / or with a controller controlling such valves. The processor and / or controller may be in electronic communication with tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor and / or controller, which may store instructions that, in response to execution by the processor and / or controller, cause or facilitate the processor and / or controller to perform operations including at least partially opening and closing each of first main line valve 126, first branch line valve 128, second main line valve 136, and / or second branch line valve 138.

[0040] As described above, during processing of a substrate in reaction chamber 150 (or any other process performed in the reaction chamber), different gases may be supplied to reaction chamber 150 at different times. However, deposition of material on a substrate can be better controlled to achieve a desired result if the pressure in reaction chamber 150 remains at a desired level (e.g., a desired pressure range and / or substantially constant). Therefore, it may be beneficial to supply (or increase the supply of) one gas to reaction chamber 150 in response to a decrease or cessation of supply of another gas to reaction chamber 150, or to modify the flow of gases within the reactor system to achieve a substantially constant reaction chamber pressure (e.g., increase the flow of one gas to reaction chamber 150 in response to a decrease in the flow of another gas to reaction chamber 150).

[0041] 2 may be configured to supply gases to the reaction chamber 150 to maintain a desired pressure (e.g., a substantially constant pressure) therein. The first gas from the first gas source 103 may be a reactive gas, and the second gas from the second gas source 107 may be a purge gas (e.g., a non-reactive gas such as nitrogen gas or a noble gas). However, the first and second gases (or any additional gases from additional gas sources in the reactor system) may be any suitable gases for a particular process or application.

[0042] 4 , in various embodiments, a method 400 for maintaining a desired pressure in a reaction chamber may include flowing a first gas from a first gas source 103 through a first gas supply path 120 to the reaction chamber 150 (step 402). To that end, the first main line valve 126 may be at least partially open, and the first branch line valve 128 may be closed. While the first gas is being supplied to the reaction chamber 150, a second gas from a second gas source 107 may be flowed to the exhaust line 160 (step 404). To that end, the second branch line valve 138 may be at least partially open, and the second main line valve 136 may be closed.

[0043] The first gas may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 in any suitable pattern (e.g., constant flow, pulses, etc.) for any suitable duration. Similarly, the second gas may be supplied to the exhaust line 160 in any suitable pattern for any suitable duration.

[0044] In response to completion of a processing or deposition step involving a first gas in the reaction chamber 150, the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber 150 may be stopped (step 406) or reduced. To reduce or stop the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber 150, the first main line valve 126 may be at least partially closed so that the first gas cannot flow through the first gas main line 122 to the reaction chamber 150. In response to the first main line valve 126 at least partially closing, the first branch line valve 128 may open to flow the first gas to the exhaust line 160 to reduce or stop the flow of the first gas through the first gas main line 122 (step 412). In various embodiments, in response to the first branch line valve 128 opening to flow the first gas to the exhaust line 160, the first main line valve 126 may at least partially close to reduce or stop the flow of the first gas through the first gas main line 122. The at least partial closing of the first main line valve 126 and the at least partial opening of the first branch line valve 128 can be substantially simultaneous or within a desired (e.g., predetermined) period of time (e.g., within 1 second, within 1 millisecond, etc.).

[0045] To maintain the desired pressure in the reaction chamber 150, the first gas may no longer be able to flow into the reaction chamber 150, or the flow may be reduced, so that the second gas may be routed to the reaction chamber 150. The flow of the second gas into the exhaust line 160 may be stopped (step 408) or reduced. To reduce or stop the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line 160, the second branch line valve 138 may be at least partially closed such that the flow of the second gas through the second branch line valve 138 is reduced and / or such that the second gas cannot flow through the second branch line valve 138. In response to the second branch line valve 138 at least partially closing to reduce or stop the flow of the second gas through the second gas branch line 134, the second main line valve 136 may at least partially open to allow the second gas to flow into the reaction chamber 150 (step 410). In various embodiments, in response to the second main line valve 136 opening to flow the second gas into the reaction chamber 150, the second branch line valve 138 may at least partially close to reduce or stop the flow of the second gas through the second gas branch line 134. The at least partial closure of the second branch line valve 138 and the at least partial opening of the second main line valve 136 may be substantially simultaneous.

[0046] In various embodiments, the change in flow of a first gas from the reaction chamber 150 to the exhaust line 160 can occur substantially simultaneously with the change in flow of a second gas from the exhaust line 160 to the reaction chamber 150, and / or can occur while the flow of the second gas is changing from the exhaust line 160 to the reaction chamber 150. That is, at least partial closure of the first main line valve 126 can occur substantially simultaneously with the opening of the first branch line valve 128, the closing of the second branch line valve 138, and / or the opening of the second main line valve 136 (and / or partially opening or closing any such valves), and / or while the opening of the first branch line valve 128, the closing of the second branch line valve 138, and / or the opening of the second main line valve 136 (and / or partially opening or closing any such valves). Thus, the flow of gas to the reaction chamber 150 can be continuous, or any change in gas flow to the reaction chamber 150 can be minimized or prevented. The processor and / or controller may command and / or otherwise cause the opening and closing of the first main line valve 126, the first branch line valve 128, the second main line valve 136, and / or the second branch line valve 138 at the desired times.

[0047] In various embodiments, the flow of a first gas into reaction chamber 150 may include a first flow rate, causing a pressure within reaction chamber 150. The flow of a second gas into reaction chamber 150 may include a second flow rate substantially equal to the first flow rate, maintaining the pressure within the reaction chamber at a desired level (e.g., between a desired minimum and maximum pressure). Thus, pressure fluctuations within reaction chamber 150 that may occur during changes in gases flowed into reaction chamber 150 may be minimized or prevented.

[0048] The steps of method 400 used in conjunction with gas delivery system 100 to reapply the first gas to the substrate in reaction chamber 150 may further include reducing or stopping the flow of the first gas to exhaust line 160 by at least partially closing first branch line valve 128 (step 414) and / or reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas to reaction chamber 150 by at least partially closing second main line valve 136 (step 416). Accordingly, method 400 may begin again with flowing the first gas to reaction chamber 150 (step 402) and flowing the second gas to exhaust line 160 (step 404). In various embodiments, the change in flow of the first gas from exhaust line 160 to reaction chamber 150 can occur substantially simultaneously with the change in flow of the second gas from reaction chamber 150 to exhaust line 160. That is, the opening of the first main line valve 126 can occur substantially simultaneously with the closing of the first branch line valve 128, the opening of the second branch line valve 138, and / or the closing of the second main line valve 136 (and / or the partial opening and closing of any such valves), and / or while the closing of the first branch line valve 128, the opening of the second branch line valve 138, and / or the closing of the second main line valve 136 (and / or the partial opening and closing of any such valves). Thus, the flow of gas to the reaction chamber 150 can be substantially continuous, or any changes in the gas flow to the reaction chamber 150 can be minimized or prevented.

[0049] In various embodiments, the first gas and the second gas may flow continuously from the first gas source 103 and the second gas source 107, respectively. Thus, rather than requiring additional actions such as starting and stopping, or increasing and decreasing, the gas flow from the first gas source 103 and the second gas source 107, only changes in the opening and closing of the first main line valve 126, the first branch line valve 128, the second main line valve 136, and / or the second branch line valve 138 may be required to change the gas flow (e.g., the flow destination and / or flow rate) of the first gas and the second gas.

[0050] 3 may be configured to supply gases to the reaction chamber 150 to maintain a desired pressure (e.g., a substantially constant pressure) therein. The first gas from the first gas source 103 may be a reactive gas, and the second gas from the second gas source 107 may be a purge gas (e.g., a non-reactive gas such as nitrogen gas or a noble gas). However, the first and second gases (or any additional gases from additional gas sources in the reactor system) may be any suitable gases for a particular process or application.

[0051] 4, in various embodiments, a method 400 for maintaining a desired pressure in a reaction chamber (as applied to gas delivery system 200) may include flowing a first gas from a first gas source 103 through a first gas delivery path 120 to the reaction chamber 150 (step 402). To that end, the first main line valve 126 may be at least partially open. While the first gas is being delivered to the reaction chamber 150, a second gas from a second gas source 107 may be flowed to the exhaust line 160 (step 404). To that end, the second branch line valve 138 may be at least partially open, and the second main line valve 136 may be closed.

[0052] The first gas may be supplied to the reaction chamber 150 in any suitable pattern (e.g., constant flow, pulses, etc.) for any suitable duration. Similarly, the second gas may be supplied to the exhaust line 160 in any suitable pattern for any suitable duration.

[0053] In response to completion of a processing or deposition step involving the first gas in the reaction chamber 150, the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber 150 may be stopped (step 406) or reduced. To reduce or stop the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber 150, the first main line valve 126 may be at least partially closed to reduce and / or prevent the flow of the first gas through the first gas main line 122, and / or the flow of the first gas from the first gas source may be reduced or stopped (e.g., via the MFC 112). For example, the flow of the first gas from the first gas source 103 may be reduced or stopped and may be continuously redirected from flowing into the reaction chamber 150 to flowing into the exhaust line 160, as opposed to the first gas flow of the gas supply system 100. In various embodiments, in response to instructions from the processor and / or controller (e.g., to the first main line valve 126 and / or the MFC 112), the first main line valve 126 may at least partially close and / or the flow of the first gas from the first gas source 103 may be reduced or stopped to reduce or stop the flow of the first gas through the first gas main line 122.

[0054] To maintain the pressure in the reaction chamber 150 at a desired level, a second gas may be routed to the reaction chamber 150 so that the first gas can no longer flow or may have a reduced flow into the reaction chamber 150. The flow of the second gas to the exhaust line 160 may be stopped (step 408) or reduced. To reduce or stop the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line 160, the second branch line valve 138 may be at least partially closed so that the flow of the second gas through the second branch line valve 138 is reduced and / or cannot flow through the second branch line valve 138. In response to the second branch line valve 138 at least partially closing to reduce or stop the flow of the second gas through the second gas branch line 134, the second main line valve 136 may at least partially open to allow the second gas to flow into the reaction chamber 150 (step 410). In various embodiments, in response to the second main line valve 136 opening to allow the second gas to flow through the reaction chamber 150, the second branch line valve 138 may at least partially close to reduce or stop the flow of the second gas through the second gas branch line 134. The at least partial closure of the second branch line valve 138 and the at least partial opening of the second main line valve 136 may occur substantially simultaneously.

[0055] In various embodiments, reducing or stopping the flow of the first gas from the first gas source 103 to the reaction chamber 150 can occur substantially simultaneously with changing the flow of the second gas from the exhaust line 160 to the reaction chamber 150 and / or can occur while changing the flow of the second gas from the exhaust line 160 to the reaction chamber 150. That is, reducing or stopping the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber 150 can occur substantially simultaneously with closing the second branch line valve 138 and / or opening the second main line valve 136 (and / or partially opening or closing any such valves) and / or while closing the second branch line valve 138 and / or opening the second main line valve 136 (and / or partially opening or closing any such valves). Thus, the flow of gas to the reaction chamber 150 can be continuous and substantially constant, or any changes in the flow of gas to the reaction chamber 150 can be minimized or prevented. Thus, the pressure within the reaction chamber 150 may remain at a desired level (e.g., substantially constant). The processor and / or controller may command and / or otherwise cause the reduction or cessation of the first gas flow and / or the at least partial opening or closing of the first main line valve 126, the second main line valve 136, and / or the second branch line valve 138 at desired times.

[0056] In various embodiments, the flow of a first gas into reaction chamber 150 may include a first flow rate, causing a pressure within reaction chamber 150. The flow of a second gas into reaction chamber 150 may include a second flow rate substantially equal to the first flow rate, maintaining the pressure within the reaction chamber at a desired level (between the minimum and maximum pressures allowed). Thus, pressure fluctuations within reaction chamber 150 that may occur during changes in gases flowed into reaction chamber 150 may be minimized or prevented.

[0057] The steps of method 400 used in conjunction with gas delivery system 200 to again apply the first gas to the substrate in reaction chamber 150 may further include reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas into reaction chamber 150 (step 416) by at least partially closing second main line valve 136 and / or at least partially opening second branch line valve 138. Accordingly, method 400 may begin again with flowing the first gas into reaction chamber 150 (step 402) and flowing the second gas to exhaust line 160 (step 404). The first gas may again begin flowing into reaction chamber 150 by at least partially opening first main line valve 126 and / or starting the flow of the first gas from first gas source 103 (e.g., via MFC 112). In various embodiments, initiating the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber 150 can occur substantially simultaneously with changing the flow of the second gas from the reaction chamber 150 to the exhaust line 160. That is, initiating the flow of the first gas from the first gas source 103 into the reaction chamber can occur substantially simultaneously with opening the first main line valve 126, opening the second branch line valve 138, and / or closing the second main line valve 136 (and / or partially opening or closing any such valves). Thus, the flow of gas into the reaction chamber 150 can be continuous, or any changes in gas flow into the reaction chamber 150 can be minimized or prevented.

[0058] In various embodiments, the second gas may flow continuously from the second gas source 107. Thus, rather than requiring additional actions such as starting and stopping, or increasing and decreasing, the flow of gas from the second gas source 107, only a change in the opening or closing of the second main line valve 136 and / or the second branch line valve 138 may be required to change the flow (e.g., flow destination and / or flow rate) of the second gas. Furthermore, a change in the flow of the second gas (e.g., changing the flow of the second gas from the exhaust line 160 to the reaction chamber 150, or vice versa) may occur in response to detecting the start or stop of the flow of the first gas. That is, the processor and / or controller may detect at least a partial cessation or start of the first gas flowing from the first gas source 103, and in response, the processor and / or controller may cause an appropriate change in the flow of the second gas based on the flow of the first gas. For example, in response to detecting the cessation of the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber 150, a flow of the second gas may be directed to the reaction chamber 150. In response to detecting the initiation of the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber 150, the flow of the second gas may be directed at least partially into the exhaust line 160. In various embodiments, the flow of the first gas may be started and / or stopped (or increased and / or decreased) based on or in response to a processor and / or controller detecting a change in the destination of the flow of the second gas. For example, in response to detecting the cessation of the flow of the second gas into the reaction chamber 150 and / or the initiation of the flow into the exhaust line 160, the flow of the first gas (e.g., into the reaction chamber 150) may be started. In response to detecting the cessation of the flow of the second gas into the reaction chamber 150 and / or the cessation of the flow into the exhaust line 160, the flow of the first gas (e.g., into the reaction chamber 150) may be stopped. Such changes in gas flow may occur substantially simultaneously, as discussed herein.

[0059] The steps of method 400 may be completed in any suitable order and / or combination depending on the gas supply system used to implement the method (e.g., different step orders / combinations of method 400 may be used between gas supply system 100 and gas supply system 200).

[0060] In various embodiments, the flow rates of the first and second gases from the first gas source 103 and the second gas source 107, respectively, may be regulated by MFC 112 and MFC 114 (“MFCs”). The MFCs may detect the flow rates of the first and second gases therethrough (MFC 112 may detect the flow rate of the first gas, and MFC 114 may detect the flow rate of the second gas), and may adjust the flow rates (e.g., by adjusting a valve included in the MFC) based on the detected difference between the actual flow rates detected and the desired flow rates.

[0061] The flow rates from MFCs 112 and 114 may be based on or responsive to the pressure in the gas path through which the respective gas flows. For example, when a first gas or a second gas is flowing through vent line 140 to exhaust line 160 (e.g., while one of the two gases is flowing to reaction chamber 150), and there is a pressure change in vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160, the respective MFC (and / or a processor and / or controller in electronic communication therewith) may increase or decrease the flow of the first gas or the second gas to compensate for the pressure change. Similarly, when a first gas or a second gas is flowing through the first gas main line 122 or the second gas main line 132 (and chamber inlet path 152), respectively, to the reaction chamber 150, and when there is a pressure change within the first gas main line 122, the second gas main line 132, the chamber inlet path 152, and / or the reaction chamber 150, the respective MFC (and / or a processor and / or controller in electronic communication therewith) may increase or decrease the flow of the first gas or the second gas to compensate for the pressure change.

[0062] However, such changes in the pressure and / or gas flow of one of the first gas or the second gas may cause fluctuations in the gas flow to the reaction chamber 150 during the switch of that gas to flow to the reaction chamber 150, and thus may cause undesirable pressure fluctuations within the reaction chamber 150. For example, if the gas flow rates of the first gas through MFC 112 and the second gas through MFC 114 are equal, but MFC 114 then changes the flow rate of the second gas to compensate for pressure changes detected in vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 (while the second gas is flowing therethrough), then the flow rate of the second gas will be different from the flow rate of the first gas. Thus, if the first gas stops flowing to the reaction chamber 150 and the flow of the second gas is switched from exhaust line 160 to reaction chamber 150, the different flow rate of the second gas may cause undesirable pressure fluctuations within the reaction chamber 150.

[0063] In various embodiments, vent line 140 may include a conductance control valve 158. Conductance control valve 158 may be coupled and fluidly connected to vent line 140 such that the first gas or the second gas flowing through vent line 140 also flows through conductance control valve 158. Conductance control valve 158 may be configured to allow adjustment of the pressure within vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 while maintaining a substantially constant flow rate of gases flowing through vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160. Thus, the flow rate of the first gas through MFC 112 and the flow rate of the second gas through MFC 114 may be substantially constant (e.g., as commanded by a processor and / or controller), and the pressure within vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 may be adjusted via conductance control valve 158. Conductance control valve 158 may be any suitable device, such as a needle valve, a throttle valve, or the like.

[0064] In various embodiments, the gas supply systems 100 and 200 may further include a pressure monitor 148 configured to monitor the pressure within the system 100 or 200 (step 418 of method 400). For example, the pressure monitor 148 may be coupled to the vent line 140 and configured to monitor the pressure within the vent line 140 and / or the exhaust line 160. The pressure monitor 148 may include a processor and / or a controller and / or may be in electronic communication with the processor and / or controller. Thus, in various embodiments, the pressure monitor 148 may transmit pressure readings of the pressure in the vent line 140 and / or the exhaust line 160 to the processor and / or controller. The pressure monitor 148 may take and / or transmit pressure readings at any desired time, for any desired period of time, and in any desired pattern (e.g., one reading per second, etc.). The desired pressure in vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 may be determined by a processor and / or controller (e.g., by user input and / or as part of the conditions for a particular process). The processor and / or controller may receive a pressure measurement from pressure monitor 148 and compare the pressure measurement to the desired pressure. In response to detecting a difference between the actual detected pressure and the desired pressure (or a difference outside an acceptable level), the processor and / or controller may instruct conductance control valve 158 to appropriately adjust the pressure in vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 to more closely approximate the desired pressure value. In response, conductance control valve 158 may adjust (e.g., open or close further) the pressure in vent line 140 and / or exhaust line 160 (step 420 of method 400) to achieve a value close to or equal to the desired pressure value.

[0065] In various embodiments, any gas path within gas supply systems 100 and 200 may include a conductance control valve that allows adjustment of the pressure within the respective gas path. For example, first main gas line 122, first branch gas line 124, second main gas line 132, second branch gas line 134, and / or chamber inlet path 152 may include a conductance control valve similar to conductance control valve 158. A processor and / or controller may be in electronic communication with any or all of such conductance control valves, receive pressure values ​​for the pressure within each gas path of systems 100 and 200 from the conductance control valves, and compare such pressure values ​​to desired pressure values ​​for the respective gas paths. In response to detecting a difference between the measured pressure value and the desired pressure value for a particular gas path within the system, the processor and / or controller may command the respective conductance control valve to adjust the pressure within the gas path to approach or equal the respective desired pressure.

[0066] During a process (e.g., deposition, etching, cleaning, and / or the like) using gas delivery system 100 and / or 200, if the pressure in vent line 140 differs significantly from the pressure in first gas main line 122, second gas main line 132, chamber inlet pathway 152, and / or reaction chamber 150, the gas flow rates therethrough may differ when switching gas from flowing to exhaust line 160 to flow to reaction chamber 150, or vice versa. As discussed herein, such gas flow rate fluctuations may cause the pressure in reaction chamber 150 to fluctuate (e.g., during switching that gas to flow to reaction chamber 150). Such pressure fluctuations in reaction chamber 150 are undesirable and may negatively impact results (e.g., deposition of material on a substrate in reaction chamber 150 during a deposition process).

[0067] Thus, the presence of a conductance control valve (e.g., conductance control valve 158) in the gas delivery system may enable periodic and / or constant monitoring of pressure in one or more gas paths within the system. In various embodiments, such monitoring may be in real time or near real time. Thus, pressure fluctuations (e.g., caused by the accumulation of contaminants (e.g., deposited reactants, by-products, outgassed materials, and / or the like) in the respective gas paths) may be quickly detected and addressed (e.g., via adjustment of the conductance control valve) to mitigate or avoid any resulting flow rate and / or pressure fluctuations within reaction chamber 150.

[0068] Benefits and other advantages are described herein with reference to specific embodiments. Additionally, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent example functional relationships and / or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in an actual system. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause or make more pronounced any benefit, advantage, or solution are not construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is therefore limited only by the appended claims, and references to elements in the singular in the appended claims are not intended to mean "one and only one" unless expressly stated otherwise, but rather "one or more." Also, when phrases similar to "at least one of A, B, or C" are used in the claims, the phrase is intended to be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, that B alone may be present in an embodiment, that C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of elements A, B, and C, such as A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, may be present in an embodiment.

[0069] Systems, methods, and devices are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," etc. indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not all embodiments necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is believed to be within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art how to implement the present disclosure in alternative embodiments.

[0070] Furthermore, no element, component, or method step of this disclosure is intended to be made available to the public, regardless of whether such element, component, or method step is expressly recited in a claim. No claim element herein shall be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f) unless such element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for." As used herein, the words "comprises," "comprising," or any other variant thereof, are intended to encompass an open-ended inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements, but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 4. Reaction Chamber 6 Susceptor 8 Gas Distribution System 10, 12 Reactant Source 14 Gas Source 16~20 lines 22~26 Controller 30 Base material 50 Reactor System 60 Controller 65 processors 100, 200 Gas supply system 103 First Gas Source 107 Second Gas Source 112 First Mass Flow Controller (MFC) 114 Second MFC 120 First gas supply path 122 First gas main line 124 First gas branch line 126 First main line valve 128 First branch line valve 130 Second gas supply route 132 Second gas main line 134 Second gas branch line 136 Second main line valve 138 Second branch line valve 140 Vent Line 148 Pressure Monitor 150 reaction chambers 152 Chamber inlet path 154 Convergence Point 158 Conductance Control Valve 160 Exhaust line 162 Pressure Control Valve

Claims

1. 1. A reactor system comprising: a first gas source; a first gas supply line fluidly connected to the first gas source; a second gas source; a second gas supply line fluidly connected to the second gas source; a reaction chamber fluidly connected to the first gas supply path and the second gas supply path, the first gas supply path being fluidly connected to the reaction chamber at a first gas supply path end and the second gas supply path being fluidly connected to the reaction chamber at a second gas supply path end; a first gas is supplied to the reaction chamber from the first gas source and a second gas is supplied to the reaction chamber from the second gas source to achieve reaction chamber pressure stability; an exhaust line fluidly connected to the reaction chamber downstream from the reaction chamber; a vent line fluidly connected to at least one of the first gas supply path and the second gas supply path and the exhaust line, the vent line bypassing the reaction chamber; a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line and configured to monitor a vent line pressure within the vent line; a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line, the vent line conductance control valve configured to adjust in response to feedback from the pressure monitor.

2. 10. The reactor system of claim 1, wherein the reaction chamber is fluidly connected to the first gas supply path and the second gas supply path via a chamber inlet path, the first gas supply path being fluidly connected to the chamber inlet path at an end of the first gas supply path, and the second gas supply path being fluidly connected to the chamber inlet path at an end of the second gas supply path.

3. 10. The reactor system of claim 1, wherein the first gas supply path comprises a first main gas line and a first branch gas line, the first main gas line in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, and the first branch gas line in fluid communication with the vent line.

4. 4. The reactor system of claim 3, wherein the second gas supply path comprises a second main gas line and a second branch gas line, the second main gas line in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, and the second branch gas line in fluid communication with the vent line.

5. the first gas main line comprises a first gas main line valve disposed upstream of the reaction chamber and downstream of the first gas branch line, the first gas branch line comprising a first branch line valve; 5. The reactor system of claim 4, wherein the second gas main line comprises a second main line valve disposed upstream of the reaction chamber and downstream of the second gas branch line, the second gas branch line comprising a second branch line valve, the first main line valve, the second main line valve, the first branch line valve, and the second branch line valve configured to at least partially increase or decrease gas flow through the first gas main line, the second gas main line, the first gas branch line, and the second gas branch line, respectively.

6. a processor in electronic communication with the pressure monitor and the vent line conductance control valve; a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory configured to, in response to execution by the processor, monitoring the vent line pressure in the vent line with the pressure monitor; detecting, by the processor, a change in the vent line pressure; and in response to said detecting a change in said vent line pressure, commanding an adjustment of said vent line conductance control valve to a more open or more closed valve position.

7. 7. The reactor system of claim 6, wherein the detecting the change in the vent line pressure comprises detecting a difference between the vent line pressure and the reaction chamber pressure of the reaction chamber, and the adjusting by the vent line conductance control valve is configured to make the difference between the vent line pressure and the reaction chamber pressure smaller.

8. flowing a first gas from a first gas source into the reaction chamber such that the reaction chamber has a desired pressure level in the reaction chamber; while flowing the first gas from the first gas source into the reaction chamber, flowing a second gas from a second gas source through a vent line to an exhaust line downstream of the reaction chamber, the vent line being in fluid communication with the second gas source and the exhaust line and bypassing the reaction chamber; stopping the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber; at least one of reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line; flowing the second gas into the reaction chamber in response to at least one of reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line so as to maintain a desired pressure level in the reaction chamber; monitoring a vent line pressure in the vent line via a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line; and adjusting a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line based on the vent line pressure detected by the pressure monitor.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the pressure monitor is in electronic communication with the vent line conductance control valve via a processor that receives pressure feedback from the pressure monitor and sends commands to the vent line conductance control valve to adjust the vent line conductance control valve.

10. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line occurs while the stopping of the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber occurs.

11. flowing the second gas from the second gas source through the vent line to the exhaust line includes flowing the second gas through a second gas supply path comprising a second main gas line and a second branch gas line, wherein the second main gas line is in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the second branch gas line is in fluid communication with the vent line; at least one of reducing or ceasing the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line occurs in response to at least partially closing a second branch line valve coupled to the second gas branch line; 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said flowing said second gas into said reaction chamber occurs in response to at least partially opening a second main line valve coupled to said second gas main line downstream of said second gas branch line.

12. detecting an increase in the vent line pressure; adjusting the vent line conductance control valve, including adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more closed valve position to provide less flow through the vent line; detecting a decrease in the vent line pressure; and adjusting the vent line conductance control valve including adjusting the valve position of the vent line conductance control valve to a more open position to allow more flow through the vent line.

13. flowing a first gas from a first gas source into the reaction chamber such that the reaction chamber has a desired pressure level in the reaction chamber; while flowing the first gas from the first gas source into the reaction chamber, flowing a second gas from a second gas source through a vent line to an exhaust line downstream of the reaction chamber, the vent line being in fluid communication with the second gas source and the exhaust line and bypassing the reaction chamber; stopping the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber; at least one of reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line; in response to stopping the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber, flowing the first gas through the vent line to the exhaust line, the vent line being in fluid communication with the first gas source; flowing the second gas into the reaction chamber in response to at least one of reducing or ceasing the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line so as to maintain a desired pressure level in the reaction chamber; monitoring vent line pressure via a pressure monitor coupled to the vent line; and adjusting a vent line conductance control valve coupled to the vent line based on the vent line pressure detected by the pressure monitor.

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one of reducing or stopping the flow of the second gas to the exhaust line occurs while the stopping of the flow of the first gas to the reaction chamber occurs.

15. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said flowing of said second gas into said reaction chamber occurs while said flowing of said first gas into said exhaust line occurs.

16. flowing the first gas from the first gas source to the reaction chamber includes flowing the first gas through a first gas supply path comprising a first main gas line and a first branch gas line, wherein the first main gas line is in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the first branch gas line is in fluid communication with the vent line; the stopping of the flow of the first gas into the reaction chamber occurs in response to closing a first main line valve coupled to the first main gas line downstream of the first branch gas line; 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the flowing of the first gas through the vent line to the exhaust line occurs in response to opening a first branch line valve coupled to the first gas branch line.

17. flowing the second gas from the second gas source through the vent line to the exhaust line includes flowing the second gas through a second gas supply path comprising a second main gas line and a second branch gas line, wherein the second main gas line is in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the second branch gas line is in fluid communication with the vent line; at least one of reducing or ceasing the flow of the second gas into the exhaust line occurs in response to at least partially closing a second branch line valve coupled to the second gas branch line; 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said flowing said second gas into said reaction chamber occurs in response to at least partially opening a second main line valve coupled to said second gas main line downstream of said second gas branch line.

18. detecting a decrease in the vent line pressure; adjusting the vent line conductance control valve, including adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more open valve position to allow more flow through the vent line; detecting an increase in the vent line pressure; and adjusting the vent line conductance control valve including adjusting the vent line conductance control valve to a more closed valve position to provide less flow through the vent line.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of detecting the decrease in the vent line pressure and detecting the increase in the vent line pressure comprises detecting a difference in the vent line pressure relative to a reaction chamber pressure of the reaction chamber.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said adjusting said vent line conductance control valve causes said vent line pressure to have a smaller difference from said reaction chamber pressure.

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