Gear processing device

Abstract

To provide a gear processing device which enables improvement of processing accuracy while reducing a discharge amount of a coolant, air, or mist.SOLUTION: A gear processing device 100 according to the invention includes: a workpiece spindle 108 which rotates a workpiece 102 while holding an inner diameter of the workpiece; a tail stock 112 configured to support the other end 102b of the workpiece; a discharge plate 114 which is coaxially attached to the tail stock and arranged so as to be located adjacent to the workpiece; a passage 131 provided at the discharge plate and including discharge ports 130; and a supply passage 120 which is provided within the discharge plate to supply a coolant, air, or mist to the passage. The discharge ports are arranged along a tooth shape formed at the workpiece and discharge the coolant, air or mist supplied from the supply passage to the workpiece.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a gear machining device that machines a gear by cutting or grinding a workpiece. [Background technology]

[0002] Known gear machining methods involve moving a tool relative to the workpiece (e.g., skiving, shaping, and hobbing). In these machining methods, coolant is ejected toward the workpiece or tool during machining to cool them and remove chips generated during machining.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 describes a throw-away tip and a milling cutter. The cutter body of the milling cutter has a cutting fluid supply hole and a tip mounting seat. The throw-away tip is a plate-shaped tip that is detachably mounted on the tip mounting seat of the cutter body and is further provided with a cutting fluid supply groove.

[0004] The cutting fluid supply hole in the cutter body penetrates the cutter body to supply cutting fluid (coolant) to the throw-away tip. The cutting fluid supply hole also opens to the tip mounting seat and communicates with the cutting fluid supply groove in the throw-away tip that is in close contact with the tip mounting seat. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-39387 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In Patent Document 1, coolant is discharged toward the cutting edge of the throw-away tip by providing holes in the cutter body of the milling cutter and grooves in the throw-away tip. In other words, in Patent Document 1, coolant is discharged from a flow path that penetrates the tool side to cool the workpiece and cutting tool and to discharge chips.

[0007] However, in gear cutting, the rotation speed of the tool is generally higher than the rotation speed of the workpiece. Therefore, when coolant is discharged from the tool as in Patent Document 1, the coolant splashes violently, so the amount of coolant discharged needs to be increased. It is not limited to wet cutting using coolant, but also in dry cutting using air and semi-dry cutting using mist, when air or mist is discharged from the tool, the amount of air or mist discharged needs to be increased.

[0008] Furthermore, when a grinding wheel is used as a tool, if coolant is discharged from a discharge nozzle near the tool, the coolant will seep into the grinding wheel, causing the weight balance to be disrupted and the grinding wheel to become eccentric, which causes the grinding wheel to vibrate, resulting in a problem of reduced machining accuracy.

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a gear machining device that can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of coolant, air, or mist discharged. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, a typical configuration of a gear machining device according to the present invention comprises a work spindle that holds and rotates the inner diameter or one end of the workpiece, a tailstock that supports the other end of the workpiece, a discharge plate that is attached coaxially to the tailstock and positioned adjacent to the workpiece, a flow path that is provided in the discharge plate and includes a discharge port, and a supply path that is provided inside the discharge plate and supplies coolant, air or mist to the flow path, the discharge ports being arranged along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece and discharging the coolant, air or mist supplied from the supply path toward the workpiece.

[0011] The discharge plate is preferably in the shape of a gear smaller than the workpiece, and the discharge ports are holes that discharge coolant, air or mist toward the tooth tip, tooth surface and tooth bottom of the workpiece.

[0012] The discharge plate has a base, a plurality of mounting holes provided around the entire side of the base in correspondence with the teeth of the workpiece, and nozzles inserted into the plurality of mounting holes and having flow paths formed therein, and it is preferable that the shape of the discharge plate be a gear shape by inserting the nozzles into the plurality of mounting holes.

[0013] The discharge port is preferably a hole or a groove arranged at a position corresponding to the tooth tip, tooth surface, or tooth bottom of the workpiece. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a gear machining device that can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of coolant, air, or mist discharged. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a main part of a gear machining device according to a first embodiment of the present invention together with a workpiece. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gear machining device of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the ejection plate of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a discharge plate. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a main part of the gear machining device of FIG. 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modified example of the ejection plate. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the main parts of a gear machining device according to a second embodiment of the present invention together with a workpiece. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a workpiece and a discharge plate of the gear machining device of FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modified example of the ejection port. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the ejection plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dimensions, materials, and other specific values ​​shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention and, unless otherwise specified, do not limit the present invention. In this specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functions and configurations are designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant explanation, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not shown.

[0017] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the main parts of a gear machining apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, together with a workpiece 102. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gear machining apparatus 100 of Fig. 1. The gear machining apparatus 100 moves a cutting tool (not shown), such as a skiving cutter, relative to the workpiece 102, which is an object to be machined, to cut an outer peripheral surface 104 of the workpiece 102 shown in Fig. 2 and machine external teeth 106.

[0018] The gear machining device 100 includes a workpiece spindle 108, a reference die 110, a tailstock 112, a discharge plate 114, and an end face holder 115. The workpiece spindle 108 has a chuck 116 that holds the inner diameter of the workpiece 102, and rotates the workpiece 102 held by the chuck 116. The chuck 116 is, for example, a collet chuck that includes a slot or a tapered portion, and securely holds the workpiece 102.

[0019] The reference metal 110 is attached to the work spindle 108. The reference metal 110 is a member that comes into contact with the workpiece 102 when the workpiece 102 is carried in, and is positioned by a chuck 116, and an end face presser 115 clamps the workpiece 102 to hold the end face.

[0020] The tailstock 112 abuts against the workpiece 102 to support the other end 102b of the workpiece 102. The tailstock 112 also has a passage 118 inside that is connected to a coolant, air, or mist supply source (not shown).

[0021] The discharge plate 114 is attached coaxially to the tailstock 112 and is positioned adjacent to and overlapping the workpiece 102 (see FIG. 5). The supply passage 120 shown in FIG. 1 is provided inside the discharge plate 114. Coolant, air, or mist is supplied to the supply passage 120 via a passage 118 in the tailstock 112. In other words, the gear cutting machine 100 is capable of handling not only wet cutting using coolant when cutting the workpiece 102, but also dry cutting using air and semi-dry cutting using mist.

[0022] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the discharge plate 114 of Fig. 2. The discharge plate 114 has a disk-shaped base 122, a plurality of mounting holes 124, and a plurality of removable nozzles 126. The plurality of mounting holes 124 are provided at predetermined intervals around the entire circumference of a side surface 128 of the base 122. The plurality of mounting holes 124 correspond to the external teeth 106 of the workpiece 102 (see Fig. 2), and the number of the provided mounting holes is the same as the number of the external teeth 106.

[0023] Nozzle 126 is a separate member from base 122, and is inserted into multiple mounting holes 124. The shape of discharge plate 114 is formed into a simple gear shape by inserting nozzle 126 into multiple mounting holes 124. Nozzle 126 also has multiple discharge ports 130 formed therein. Here, the "simple gear shape" refers to a trapezoidal gear shape that tapers linearly toward the tip in a plan view (see FIGS. 3 and 4(a)), and is different from a gear shape based on an involute curve.

[0024] Figure 4 shows the internal structure of the discharge plate 114. Figure 4(a) shows the internal structure of the gear-shaped discharge plate 114 with dotted lines. Figure 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of the discharge plate 114 of Figure 4(a) taken along line AA.

[0025] The supply passage 120 of the discharge plate 114 has an in-base passage 120a and an in-nozzle passage 120b. The in-base passage 120a is provided inside the base 122 and extends radially to reach the multiple mounting holes 124 as shown in FIG. 4(a). This allows the in-base passage 120a to distribute the coolant, air, or mist supplied via the passage 118 (see FIG. 1) of the tailstock 112 to the multiple mounting holes 124.

[0026] The nozzle internal passage 120b is provided inside the nozzle 126. Furthermore, by inserting the nozzle 126 into the mounting hole 124 of the base 122, the nozzle internal passage 120b communicates with the base internal passage 120a as shown in FIG. 4(b). Furthermore, the nozzle internal passage 120b is connected to a plurality of (here, six) flow paths 131 of the nozzle 126 as shown in FIG. 4(a). The flow paths 131 include the discharge port 130 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4(b).

[0027] This allows the nozzle internal passage 120b to supply the coolant, air, or mist supplied from the base internal passage 120a to the multiple outlets 130 of the nozzle 126. The multiple outlets 130 are holes that penetrate between the nozzle internal passage 120b and the nozzle side surface 132.

[0028] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the main parts of the gear machining apparatus 100 of Figure 1. In the figure, the workpiece 102 is positioned by holding the inner diameter of the workpiece with a chuck 116, and then both end faces of the workpiece 102 are held by a reference die 110 and an end face presser 115. A discharge plate 114 attached to a tailstock 112 is positioned adjacent to and overlapping the workpiece 102. When positioned in this manner, the phase of the discharge plate 114 is detected by a phase detection sensor 134 shown in Figure 1, and the phase of the workpiece 102 is detected by a phase detection sensor 136. The tailstock 112 rotates around its axis to align the phase of the discharge plate 114 with the phase of the workpiece 102.

[0029] An end face presser 115 that abuts against the end face, i.e., the other end 102b (see FIG. 1), of the workpiece 102 is attached to the underside of the discharge plate 114. This allows the workpiece 102 to be reliably positioned relative to the discharge plate 114. The end face, i.e., one end 102a (see FIG. 1) of the workpiece 102 abuts against the reference metal 110. This allows the reference metal 110 and the end face presser 115 to hold both end faces of the workpiece 102.

[0030] 5, the discharge plate 114 has the above-described simple gear shape, and is smaller than the workpiece 102. Therefore, when the outer peripheral surface 104 of the workpiece 102 is cut to machine the external teeth 106, the discharge plate 114 is not cut (co-cut). However, the gear shape of the discharge plate 114 is not limited to a simple gear shape, as long as it is smaller than the workpiece 102 and does not interfere when machining the workpiece 102, and it does not have to be trapezoidal in plan view, and may be a shape that does not taper toward the tip (for example, a rectangle), or may even be an involute shape.

[0031] The tooth profile of the external teeth 106 of the workpiece 102 includes a tooth tip 106a, a tooth surface 106b, and a tooth bottom 106c, and is formed based on the specifications of the workpiece. The multiple discharge ports 130 formed in the nozzle 126 are arranged along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece 102. The multiple discharge ports 130 guide the coolant, air, or mist supplied from the intra-base passage 120a to the intra-nozzle passage 120b through the intra-nozzle passage 120b to the nozzle side surface 132, and then discharge it toward the adjacent workpiece 102.

[0032] As a specific example, in the figure, the multiple outlets 130 discharge coolant toward the tip side of the tooth flank 106b of the external tooth 106 of the workpiece 102 (arrow A), toward the center of the tooth flank 106b (arrow B), and further toward the bottom side of the tooth flank 106b (arrow C). As a result, the coolant discharged from the multiple outlets 130 provided in the discharge plate 114 can quickly remove chips from the tooth tip 106a, tooth flank 106b, and tooth bottom 106c of the workpiece 102. In this way, the discharge plate 114 can discharge coolant and the like from the outlets 130 toward the vicinity of the machining point. Furthermore, by making the discharge plate 114 have the above-mentioned simple gear shape and a gear shape smaller than the workpiece machining gear specifications, interference with the tool can be avoided and machining can be performed with a minimum machining stroke.

[0033] When cutting the workpiece 102 to machine the external teeth 106, if coolant is discharged from the tool side, the coolant will splash around, so it is necessary to increase the amount of coolant discharged. Also, if the tool is a grinding wheel, the coolant will seep into the grinding wheel, disrupting the gravitational balance and causing eccentric vibration, resulting in reduced machining accuracy.

[0034] In contrast, the gear machining apparatus 100 discharges coolant toward the workpiece 102 from multiple discharge ports 130 provided on the tailstock 112 side, i.e., on the discharge plate 114, rather than from the tool side. This enables the gear machining apparatus 100 to reduce the amount of coolant that splashes and also reduces the amount of coolant that seeps into the grinding wheel.

[0035] Therefore, the gear machining apparatus 100 can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of coolant discharged. Since less coolant seeps into the grinding wheel and less coolant adheres to the tool, it is no longer necessary to drain the tool, reducing work time (machining time). The gear machining apparatus 100 can also improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of air or mist discharged.

[0036] 6 is a diagram showing a modified example of discharge plate 114. Discharge plate 114A differs from discharge plate 114 described above in that nozzle 126A is not detachable, and base 122A and nozzle 126A are an integrated member.

[0037] The discharge plate 114A discharges coolant, air, or mist from a plurality of discharge ports 130A formed on a side surface 132A of the nozzle 126A toward the workpiece 102. Therefore, even when the discharge plate 114A is used in place of the discharge plate 114, the gear machining apparatus 100 can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of coolant, air, or mist discharged.

[0038] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the main parts of a gear machining apparatus 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, together with a workpiece 202. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the workpiece 202 and a discharge plate 212 of the gear machining apparatus 200 of Fig. 7. The workpiece 202 is a gear with a shaft.

[0039] The gear machining device 200 moves a cutting tool (not shown) such as a skiving cutter relative to a workpiece 202, which is the object to be machined, to cut the outer peripheral surface 204 of the workpiece 202 and machine external teeth 206 (see Figure 8(a)).

[0040] The gear machining device 200 includes a work spindle 208, a tailstock 210 having a rolling center 216, and a discharge plate 212. The work spindle 208 has a chuck 214 that holds a shaft outer diameter portion 202e of a workpiece 202, which is a shaft-equipped gear, and rotates the workpiece 202 held by the chuck 214. The workpiece 202 also has a through-hole 202c that passes through a tapered portion 202a on one end side and a tapered portion 202b on the other end side, as shown in the figure.

[0041] In the gear cutting machine 200, first, the phase of the discharge plate 212 is detected by the phase detection sensor 226 shown in Fig. 7, and the phase of the workpiece 202 is detected by the phase detection sensor 228. Next, the workpiece 202 is loaded with its phase aligned with the phase of the discharge plate 212. Then, the rolling center 216 of the tailstock 210 is brought into contact with the tapered portion 202b of the workpiece 202 to center the workpiece 202. Thereafter, the workpiece 202 is clamped by the chuck 214 and held therein.

[0042] A passage 218 connected to a coolant, air, or mist supply source (not shown) is provided inside the tailstock 210. In other words, the gear cutting device 200 is capable of not only wet cutting using coolant when cutting the workpiece 202, but also dry cutting using air and semi-dry cutting using mist.

[0043] The discharge plate 212 is a plate-shaped (disk-shaped in this case) member that is attached coaxially to the tailstock 210 as shown in Fig. 7, and is disposed so as to face the workpiece end surface 202d of the workpiece 202 without contacting it. The shape of the discharge plate 212 may be a shape other than a disk, such as a rectangular or polygonal shape, as long as it does not lose balance during rotation. A supply path 220 is provided inside the discharge plate 212. Coolant, air, or mist is supplied to the supply path 220 via a passage 218 in the tailstock 210.

[0044] 8(b), the discharge plate 212 is provided with a plurality of discharge ports 222. The discharge ports 222 are holes that penetrate between the supply passage 220 of the discharge plate 212 and the plate end surface 212a. The plate end surface 212a faces the workpiece end surface 202d of the workpiece 202. The discharge ports 222 guide the coolant, air, or mist supplied from the supply passage 220 to the plate end surface 212a and then discharge it toward the workpiece 202 facing the plate end surface 212a.

[0045] Fig. 8(c) is an enlarged view of the discharge port 222 provided in the discharge plate 212 of Fig. 8(b). In the figure, the tooth profile formed on the workpiece 202 is indicated by a dotted line at a position corresponding to the discharge plate 212.

[0046] The discharge ports 222 are arranged along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece 202 as shown in Fig. 8(c). That is, the discharge ports 222 are holes arranged at positions corresponding to the tooth tips 206a, tooth surfaces 206b, and tooth bottoms 206c of the external teeth 206. The discharge ports 222 are also arranged around the entire circumference along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece 202 as shown in Fig. 8(b).

[0047] As a result, the gear machining device 200 can eject coolant, air, or mist from the ejection port 222, which is a hole provided in the ejection plate 212, toward the tooth tip 206a, tooth surface 206b, and tooth bottom 206c of the external tooth 206 of the workpiece 202.

[0048] In this way, the gear machining apparatus 200 discharges coolant, air, or mist toward the workpiece 202 from multiple discharge ports 222 provided on the tailstock 210 side, i.e., the discharge plate 212, rather than from the tool side. As a result, when coolant, for example, is discharged from the discharge ports 222, the gear machining apparatus 200 can reduce the amount of coolant that splashes and also reduce the amount that adheres to the tool or soaks into the grinding wheel. Discharging coolant from the discharge ports 222 also makes it possible to effectively remove chips.

[0049] Therefore, the gear machining device 200 can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of coolant discharged. Since less coolant seeps into the grinding wheel and less coolant adheres to the tool, tool oil slinging is not required, which is expected to shorten machining time and improve production efficiency. Furthermore, the gear machining device 200 can effectively discharge chips, preventing a decrease in machining accuracy. As a result, machining accuracy is improved and stabilized, and oil slinging is reduced, leading to increased production efficiency. Even when air or mist is discharged from the discharge port 222, the gear machining device 200 can improve machining accuracy while reducing the amount of air or mist discharged.

[0050] Figure 9 shows modified examples of the discharge ports 222. The discharge ports 222 shown in Figure 8(c) are arranged along the tooth profile of the external teeth 206, but the discharge plate 212A shown in Figure 9(a) is provided with discharge ports 222A at double the density, which are shifted by 1 / 2 pitch. Moreover, the discharge plate 212B shown in Figure 9(b) is provided with discharge ports 222B at four times the density, which are shifted by 1 / 4 pitch.

[0051] In this way, the discharge plates 212A, 212B are provided with discharge ports 222A, 222B with a larger number of holes than the above-described discharge port 222, so there is no need to align (phase) the discharge ports 222A, 222B with the positions of the tooth tips 206a, tooth surfaces 206b, and tooth bottoms 206c of the external teeth 206 based on the workpiece specifications. This simplifies the machining procedure for the workpiece 202 and further eliminates the need for phase detection sensors 226, 228. If the coolant flow rate is sufficient, the range covering the tooth tips 206a to the tooth bottoms 206c may be made into a mesh-like porous discharge surface.

[0052] Figure 10 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the discharge plate 212. As shown in Figure 10(a), the discharge plate 212C is provided with a discharge port 224. Unlike the discharge port 222 shown in Figures 8(b) and 8(c), which is a hole, the discharge port 224 is a groove (slit) that penetrates the discharge plate 212C.

[0053] 10(b), the discharge ports 224 are arranged along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece 202. That is, the discharge ports 224 are arranged around the entire circumference at positions corresponding to the tooth tips 206a, tooth surfaces 206b, and tooth bottoms 206c of the external teeth 206.

[0054] As a result, in the gear machining apparatus 200, coolant can be discharged from the discharge ports 224, which are grooves provided in the discharge plate 212C, toward the tooth tips 206a, tooth surfaces 206b, and tooth bottoms 206c of the external teeth 206 of the workpiece 202.

[0055] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is clear that those skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications and alterations within the scope of the claims, and it is understood that such modifications and alterations also fall within the technical scope of the present invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0056] The present invention can be used as a gear machining device that cuts a workpiece to machine a gear. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 100, 200... gear processing device, 102, 202... workpiece, 102a... one end of workpiece, 102b... other end of workpiece, 104, 204... outer peripheral surface of workpiece, 106, 206... external teeth, 106a, 206a... tooth tip, 106b, 206b... tooth surface, 106c, 206c... tooth bottom, 108, 208... workpiece spindle, 110... reference metal, 112, 210... tailstock, 114, 114A, 212, 212A, 212B, 212C... discharge plate, 115... end face holder, 116, 214... chuck, 118, 218... tailstock passage, 120, 22 0...supply passage, 120a...passage in base, 120b...passage in nozzle, 122, 122A...base, 124...mounting hole, 126, 126A...nozzle, 128, 128A...side surface of base, 130, 130A, 222, 222A, 222B, 224...discharge port, 131...flow path, 132, 132A...side surface of nozzle, 134, 136, 226, 228...phase detection sensor, 202a, 202b...tapered portion of workpiece, 202c...through hole of workpiece, 202d...end surface of workpiece, 202e...outer diameter portion of shaft of workpiece, 212a...end surface of plate, 216...rolling center

Claims

1. a work spindle that holds and rotates the inner diameter or one end of the work; a tailstock supporting the other end of the workpiece; a discharge plate attached coaxially to the tailstock and disposed adjacent to the workpiece; a flow path provided in the ejection plate and including an ejection port; a supply passage provided inside the discharge plate and supplying coolant, air, or mist to the flow passage; The gear machining device is characterized in that the discharge ports are arranged along the tooth profile formed on the workpiece, and discharge the coolant, air, or mist supplied from the supply path toward the workpiece.

2. The discharge plate has a gear shape that is smaller than the workpiece, 2. The gear machining device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet is a hole for discharging coolant, air or mist toward the tooth tip, tooth surface or tooth bottom of the workpiece.

3. The ejection plate is With the base, a plurality of mounting holes provided around the entire periphery of the side surface of the base in correspondence with the teeth of the workpiece; a nozzle inserted into the plurality of mounting holes and having the flow path formed therein; 3. The gear machining device according to claim 2, wherein the shape of the discharge plate is a gear shape when the nozzles are inserted into the plurality of mounting holes.

4. 2. The gear machining device according to claim 1, wherein the discharge port is a hole or a groove disposed at a position corresponding to a tooth tip, a tooth surface, or a tooth bottom of the workpiece.

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