Nozzle for process machine

Abstract

To provide a nozzle for a process machine, which can be applied to various objects to be processed without being replaced.SOLUTION: A nozzle 7 for a process machine is a nozzle attached to a part opposed to an object 9 to be processed in a laser process machine 1 that applies a laser beam and an assist gas serving as irradiators to the object 9 or a plasma process machine that generates plasma arc serving as an irradiator between an electrode and the object 9 and having a nozzle hole 8 formed to pass the irradiator. In this nozzle 7 for the process machine, the diameter of the nozzle hole 8 is variable.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a nozzle for a processing machine. [Background technology]

[0002] A laser processing machine focuses a laser beam emitted from a laser oscillator with a lens and irradiates the workpiece with the focused laser beam, thereby locally melting the workpiece. In a laser processing machine, a nozzle is detachably attached to the end facing the workpiece (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The laser beam passes through a nozzle hole formed in the nozzle and is irradiated onto the workpiece. An assist gas is ejected from the nozzle hole simultaneously with the laser beam. This assist gas promotes the melting of the workpiece and blows away the molten material that is produced when the workpiece is melted.

[0003] Generally, when cutting thick materials, it is necessary to use a nozzle with a large diameter nozzle hole. On the other hand, when cutting thin materials, it is necessary to use a nozzle with a small diameter nozzle hole. Therefore, at laser processing sites, machines that automatically change nozzles are installed, and a large number of nozzles with different nozzle hole diameters are prepared next to the laser processing machine, and the nozzles are changed by machine every time a different workpiece is processed. In addition, there are cases where there is no machine that automatically changes nozzles, and workers have to change nozzles manually.

[0004] Furthermore, in plasma processing machines, the diameter of the nozzle hole must be changed depending on the material and thickness of the workpiece, so a large number of nozzles with different nozzle hole diameters are prepared and replaced as needed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-111785 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, there were problems such as the fact that it took time to replace the nozzles, that a machine was required to replace the nozzles, and that the nozzles were expensive and it was costly to prepare a large number of nozzles.

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a nozzle for a processing machine that can be applied to a variety of workpieces without replacement. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention includes the embodiments shown below.

[0009] [1] A nozzle for a laser processing machine that applies laser light and assist gas as irradiating objects to the workpiece, or a plasma processing machine that generates a plasma arc as irradiating object between an electrode and the workpiece, which is attached to a part facing the workpiece and used, and which has a nozzle hole through which the irradiating object passes, characterized in that the diameter of the nozzle hole is variable.

[0010] [2] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [1], which is provided with a main body having a portion of a passageway through which the irradiated object passes formed therein, and a plurality of nozzle hole forming members that move relative to the main body, and the nozzle hole is formed on the passageway by arranging the plurality of nozzle hole forming members in a circle, and the diameter of the nozzle hole changes by moving the tip, which is the end of the nozzle hole forming member on the passageway side, in the radial direction of the nozzle hole.

[0011] [3] The nozzle for a processing machine described in [2], wherein each of the nozzle hole forming members has a tapered shape that becomes narrower as it approaches the passage when viewed from the irradiation direction of the irradiated object, and when each of the nozzle hole forming members slides against the nozzle hole forming members on either side of it, the tip of each moves and the diameter of the nozzle hole changes.

[0012] [4] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [3], wherein one rotating member is provided that can rotate around the passage as a rotation axis, a first protrusion is provided on the surface of each of the nozzle hole forming members facing the rotating member, the rotating member is formed with the same number of first grooves as the nozzle hole forming members, the first protrusions enter each of the first grooves, thereby engaging each of the nozzle hole forming members with the rotating member, and when the rotating member rotates, each of the nozzle hole forming members slides simultaneously against the nozzle hole forming members on both sides of it.

[0013] [5] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [4], wherein a receiving member having the same number of second grooves as the nozzle hole forming members formed therein is provided on the opposite side of the rotating member with respect to the nozzle hole forming members, and second protrusions are provided on the surface of each of the nozzle hole forming members opposite the first protrusions, and when the rotating member rotates, each of the second protrusions moves within each of the second grooves, and each of the nozzle hole forming members simultaneously slides against the nozzle hole forming members on either side of them.

[0014] [6] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [5], in which a central hole wider than the passage is formed in the receiving member, and a third protrusion that fits into the central hole is formed on the surface of the second protrusion side at the tip of each of the nozzle hole forming members.

[0015] [7] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [1], which comprises a main body having a portion of a passageway formed therein through which the irradiated object passes, and a movable member having a plurality of nozzle holes of different diameters formed therein, and when the movable member moves, one of the plurality of nozzle holes coincides with the passageway within the main body and the irradiation direction of the irradiated object, thereby allowing the irradiated object to pass through the nozzle hole.

[0016] [8] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [7], wherein a fixed member that is immovable relative to the main body is provided, a fixed hole that is the passage between the main body and the movable member is formed in the fixed member, one of the fixed member and the movable member is provided with one or more elastic protrusions that are loaded with an elastic force so as to protrude toward the other, and the other of the fixed member and the movable member is formed with a plurality of engagement holes that open toward the other, and when at least one of the elastic protrusions enters at least one of the engagement holes, the nozzle hole corresponding to that engagement hole and the fixed hole coincide with the irradiation direction of the irradiated object.

[0017] [9] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [7] or [8], wherein the movable member extends in the same direction as the irradiation direction of the irradiated object and is rotatable around a rotation axis located at a position offset from the passage, and the plurality of nozzle holes are arranged on a circumference centered on the rotation axis.

[0018]

[10] A nozzle for a processing machine according to [7] or [8], wherein the movable member is movable in a linear direction and the plurality of nozzle holes are aligned in the direction of movement of the movable member.

[0019]

[11] A nozzle for a processing machine as described in [1], which is provided with a main body having a portion of a passageway through which the irradiated object passes formed therein, and a plurality of nozzle hole forming members that move relative to the main body, and the plurality of nozzle hole forming members are arranged in a circle to form the nozzle hole on the passageway, and the tip of each of the nozzle hole forming members, which is the end portion on the passageway side, moves in the radial direction of the nozzle hole, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle hole, and is provided with a rotating member that rotates around the passageway as a rotation axis, a threaded portion that rotates with the rotation of the rotating member, and a plurality of claws that serve as the nozzle hole forming members, and the threaded portion screws into a portion of each of the claws, and when the rotating member rotates, the claws that screw into the threaded portion move, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle hole. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] The above-mentioned nozzle for a processing machine can be applied to various workpieces without replacement. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] Cross-sectional view of a laser processing machine. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nozzle of the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nozzle of the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a lower cover according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a receiving member according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a lower cover and a receiving member in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a nozzle hole forming member according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a nozzle hole forming member according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a nozzle hole forming member inserted into a lower cover in the first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a nozzle hole forming member inserted into a lower cover in the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a rotating member placed on a nozzle hole forming member in the first embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a rotating member placed on a nozzle hole forming member in the first embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nozzle of the first embodiment with the lower cover removed. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nozzle of the first embodiment with the lower cover removed. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cross section of the nozzle of the first embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fixing member in a nozzle according to a second embodiment, viewed obliquely from below. [Figure 19]FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a movable member having an elastic protrusion and a rotation shaft in a nozzle of a second embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a movable member without an elastic protrusion and a rotation shaft in a nozzle of a second embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an elastic protrusion in a nozzle according to a second embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a cross section of a nozzle according to a second embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 24] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 25] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a main body of a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 26] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fixing member in a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 27] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fixing member in a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 28] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a movable member with elastic protrusions in a nozzle according to a third embodiment. [Figure 29] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a movable member without elastic protrusions in a nozzle of a third embodiment. [Figure 30] 27 and 28 are cross-sectional views taken along a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the movable member at the position of the elastic protrusion in the nozzle of embodiment 3. FIG. [Figure 31] 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the movable member at the position of the nozzle hole in the nozzle of embodiment 3. FIG. [Figure 32] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 33] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 34] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 35] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a lower cover according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 36] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a lower cover according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 37] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a rotating member according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 38]FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a nail according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 39] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a rotating member and a pawl according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 40] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a cross section of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 41] Cross-sectional view of a plasma processing machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The following description of the embodiments will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are merely examples, and any modifications that do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

[0023] 1. Embodiment 1 First, the overall configuration of the laser processing machine 1 will be described.

[0024] 1, the laser processing machine 1 of the first embodiment includes a laser oscillator 2 that emits a laser beam, a mirror 3 that reflects the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 2 toward a workpiece 9, a processing head 4 through which the laser beam reflected by the mirror 3 passes, and a nozzle 7 attached to a portion of the processing head 4 that faces the workpiece 9. Here, the laser beam is considered to be a type of irradiated object.

[0025] Strictly speaking, the nozzles of embodiments 1 to 4 described in this specification have a different structure from the nozzle 7 shown in Fig. 1. However, Fig. 1 shows a simplified version of the nozzle 7, and only general matters regarding the nozzle will be described in the explanation using Fig. 1. Furthermore, while the nozzle is designated by the reference numeral 7 in Fig. 1, a different reference numeral will be used in the explanation of Fig. 2 and subsequent figures.

[0026] A lens 5 that converges the laser light is provided inside the processing head 4. An assist gas supply path 6 that supplies assist gas into the processing head 4 is formed on the side wall of the processing head 4. Assist gas supplied from an assist gas supply device (not shown) passes through the assist gas supply path 6 and is supplied into the processing head 4. The flow of assist gas is indicated by dashed arrows in FIG. 1. The type of assist gas is selected appropriately from gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and air depending on the workpiece 9.

[0027] A nozzle hole 8 (the nozzle hole is designated by the reference numeral 8 in FIG. 1, but a different reference numeral will be used in the explanation of FIG. 2 and subsequent figures) is formed at the tip of the nozzle 7, i.e., at the end on the workpiece 9 side. The laser light and assist gas pass through this nozzle hole 8 and hit the workpiece 9. As the laser light and assist gas pass through the nozzle hole 8 and immediately exit the laser processing machine 1, the nozzle hole 8 also serves as the boundary between the inside and outside of the laser processing machine 1.

[0028] There are no limitations on the method of attaching the nozzle 7 to the processing head 4. For example, the nozzle 7 can be attached to the processing head 4 by a screw-in structure using male and female screws, a fitting, a fastener such as a bolt, or the like. The part of the nozzle 7 that is structured for attachment to the processing head 4 is called the attachment portion. In the following description, illustrations and descriptions of the structure of the attachment portion will be omitted.

[0029] The workpiece 9 is, for example, a metal plate. The laser processing machine 1 is, for example, a machine that cuts the metal plate.

[0030] The laser path along which the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator 2 passes before it is irradiated onto the workpiece 9 is shown by a solid arrow in Fig. 1. The laser path passes through the center of the processing head 4, the center of the nozzle 7, and the nozzle hole 8. The laser path extends in a straight line from the inside of the processing head 4 until it hits the workpiece 9.

[0031] In the following description, it is assumed that the workpiece 9 is located below the nozzle 7 and the direction of irradiation of the laser light is downward, as shown in FIG.

[0032] Next, the nozzle 10 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 15. This nozzle 10 is different from the nozzle 7 of Figure 1.

[0033] 2 and 3, the nozzle 10 of the first embodiment is substantially cylindrical, has a flange 13 attached to the lower end, and includes a hollow main body 11. Laser light passes through the inside of the main body 11.

[0034] A lower cover 40 is provided below the main body 11. The lower cover 40 is circular when viewed from the direction of laser light irradiation, and as shown in FIG. 4, has a circular bottom wall 41 and side walls 42 that rise from the edges of the bottom wall 41. A central hole 43 that passes through the bottom wall 41 from top to bottom is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower cover 40. The upper part of the side wall 42 of the lower cover 40 fits into the flange 13 of the main body 11.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 6, a receiving member 44 is housed in the bottom of the lower cover 40. As shown in FIG. 5, the receiving member 44 is a plate-like member that is circular when viewed from the direction of laser light irradiation. A plurality of grooves 45 (grooves 45 are referred to as second grooves) are formed in the receiving member 44 and aligned in the circumferential direction. The number of grooves 45 is the same as the number of nozzle hole forming members 47, which will be described later. These grooves 45 are aligned at equal intervals on the circumference. Each groove 45 extends linearly in the tangential direction of the receiving member 44. Each groove 45 also penetrates the receiving member 44 in the vertical direction.

[0036] 5 and 6, a central hole 46 is formed in the center of the circle of the receiving member 44. The central hole 46 of the receiving member 44 coincides with the central hole 43 of the lower cover 40 in the up-down direction.

[0037] A plurality of nozzle hole forming members 47 are arranged in a circle on the receiving member 44. As shown in Figures 7 to 10, each nozzle hole forming member 47 has a tapered shape that becomes thinner as it approaches the center line (i.e., the laser passage) extending in the vertical direction of the receiving member 44 when viewed from the direction of laser light irradiation. A tip 52, which is the end of the nozzle hole forming member 47 on the laser passage side, is a corner that forms an acute angle (30° in the illustrated example).

[0038] 10, a circular hole is formed at the tip 52 and a side surface 53 (see FIGS. 7 and 8) near the tip 52 of each nozzle hole forming member 47. This circular hole is the nozzle hole 20. Laser light passes through this nozzle hole 20.

[0039] 7 and 8, a rod-shaped first protrusion 48 extending upward is formed on the upper surface of the nozzle hole forming member 47 at a location away from the tip 52. A plate-shaped second protrusion 49 protruding downward is formed on the lower surface of the nozzle hole forming member 47 at a location away from the tip 52. A third protrusion 50 protruding downward is formed on the lower surface of the tip 52 of the nozzle hole forming member 47.

[0040] 13 and 14, the second projections 49 of the nozzle hole forming members 47 are fitted into the respective grooves 45 of the receiving member 44. As can be seen from a comparison of FIGS. 13 and 14, the second projections 49 can slide within the grooves 45.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 15, the third projections 50 of the nozzle hole forming members 47 are inserted into the central holes 46 of the receiving member 44 and the central holes 43 of the lower cover 40.

[0042] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, one rotating member 14 is placed on a plurality of nozzle hole forming members 47 arranged in a circle. The rotating member 14 is a member that is approximately circular when viewed from the direction of laser light irradiation and has a certain thickness. A central hole 30 is formed in the center of the circular rotating member 14. As shown in Figure 15, this central hole 30 is aligned in the up-down direction with a central hole 46 of the receiving member 44 and a central hole 43 of the lower cover 40. The laser light passes through these central holes 30, 46, and 43. The laser passage extends in the same direction as the direction of laser light irradiation and passes through the center of the central hole 30. The rotating member 14 is rotatable around the laser passage as a rotation axis.

[0043] 11 and 12, the rotating member 14 has a plurality of grooves 51 (groove 51 is referred to as a first groove) arranged at equal intervals on a circumference centered on the rotation axis of the rotating member 14. The number of grooves 51 is the same as the number of nozzle hole forming members 47. Each groove 51 extends at an angle relative to the radial direction or circumferential direction of the rotating member 14. Each groove 51 also penetrates the rotating member 14 in the up-down direction.

[0044] The first protrusions 48 of the respective nozzle hole forming members 47 are fitted into the respective grooves 51 of the rotary member 14. As a result, the respective nozzle hole forming members 47 and the rotary member 14 are engaged with each other.

[0045] In this structure, when the rotating member 14 rotates as shown by the arrows in Figures 11 and 12, a force is applied to the first protrusions 48 inserted in the grooves 51 of the rotating member 14 in the circumferential direction of the rotating member 14. As a result, each nozzle hole forming member 47 is simultaneously displaced while sliding relative to the adjacent nozzle hole forming members 47 on either side. This displacement causes the tip 52 of each nozzle hole forming member 47 to move in the radial direction of the central hole 46 of the receiving member 44. This movement of the tip 52 of the nozzle hole forming member 47 changes the diameter of the nozzle hole 20.

[0046] 10, 12 and 14 are diagrams when the diameter of the nozzle hole 20 is maximum, and FIGS. 9, 11 and 13 are diagrams when the diameter of the nozzle hole 20 is minimum.

[0047] During this displacement, the second protrusions 49 of the nozzle hole forming members 47 move within the respective grooves 45 of the receiving member 44. Also, during this displacement, the third protrusions 50 of the nozzle hole forming members 47 move within the central holes 46 of the receiving member 44.

[0048] The receiving member 44, the nozzle hole forming member 47, and the rotating member 14 are housed between the lower cover 40 and the flange 13 of the main body 11. However, as shown in Figure 11 etc., the lower cover 40 has a notch 54, and as shown in Figure 13 etc., the flange 13 of the main body 11 also has a notch 55, and these notches 54, 55 are aligned vertically. As shown in Figure 2, part of the rotating member 14 is exposed to the outside from the notches 54, 55.

[0049] The rotating member 14 is a gear with many teeth 31 formed on its outer circumferential surface. Some of the teeth 31 of the rotating member 14 are exposed to the outside through the notches 54 and 55. The rotating member 14 can be rotated by meshing another gear with the exposed teeth 31 and rotating the meshed gear with a motor.

[0050] As an example of using such a nozzle 10, a case will be described in which nitrogen gas is used as the assist gas to cut a metal plate as a workpiece. In this case, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thicker metal plate, the rotating member 14 is rotated to increase the diameter of the nozzle holes 20 formed by the multiple nozzle hole forming members 47. This increases the amount of assist gas injected from the nozzle holes 20, allowing the thick metal plate to be cut appropriately. Conversely, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thinner metal plate, the rotating member 14 is rotated to decrease the diameter of the nozzle holes 20. Therefore, there is no need to replace the nozzle 10 when changing the thickness of the metal plate to be cut.

[0051] Next, the effects of the first embodiment will be described.

[0052] In this way, in the first embodiment, a plurality of nozzle hole forming members 47 are provided that are arranged in a circle to form the nozzle hole 20 on the laser passageway, and the tip 52 of each nozzle hole forming member 47 moves in the radial direction of the nozzle hole 20, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle hole 20. In this way, because the diameter of the nozzle hole 20 through which the laser light and assist gas pass is variable, the nozzle 10 of the first embodiment can be applied to various workpieces without being replaced.

[0053] Furthermore, grooves 51 (first grooves) of the same number as the nozzle hole forming members 47 are formed in the rotating member 14, and first protrusions 48 are provided on the surface of each nozzle hole forming member 47 facing the rotating member 14. The first protrusions 48 fit into the respective grooves 51, thereby engaging each nozzle hole forming member 47 with the rotating member 14. When the rotating member 14 rotates, each nozzle hole forming member 47 slides simultaneously against the adjacent nozzle hole forming members 47 on both sides, and the tips 52 of each nozzle hole forming member 47 move, and this movement changes the diameter of the nozzle hole 20. Therefore, the diameter of the nozzle hole 20 can be changed by the simple action of rotating the rotating member 14.

[0054] Furthermore, grooves 45 (second grooves) of the same number as the nozzle hole forming members 47 are formed in the receiving member 44, and second protrusions 49 are provided on the surface of each nozzle hole forming member 47 facing the receiving member 44, so that when the rotating member 14 rotates, each second protrusion 49 moves in its corresponding groove 45. With this configuration, each nozzle hole forming member 47 can slide relative to the adjacent nozzle hole forming members 47 on either side while maintaining a stable posture.

[0055] Furthermore, a central hole 46 is formed in the receiving member 44, a third protrusion 50 is formed at a tip 52 of each nozzle hole forming member 47, the third protrusion 50 enters the central hole 46, and when the rotating member 14 rotates, each third protrusion 50 is displaced within the central hole 46. With this configuration, each nozzle hole forming member 47 can slide relative to the adjacent nozzle hole forming members 47 on either side while maintaining a stable posture.

[0056] Furthermore, since the rotating member 14 is a gear, it can be easily rotated by meshing with another gear.

[0057] Various modifications can be made to the first embodiment. For example, the vertical relationship between the rotating member and the receiving member may be reversed. That is, the rotating member may be located below the nozzle hole forming member, and a member corresponding to the receiving member may be located above the nozzle hole forming member. Furthermore, the rotating member need only be something that can be rotated, and does not have to be a gear. Furthermore, there are no limitations on the means for rotating the rotating member.

[0058] The nozzle of embodiment 1 can also be used as a nozzle for a laser welding machine that irradiates a laser to weld metal plates together. Similar to a laser cutting machine that irradiates a laser to cut metal plates, a laser welding machine is a type of laser processing machine.

[0059] 2. Embodiment 2 The laser processing machine of the second embodiment has a nozzle that is different from the laser processing machine 1 of the first embodiment. The nozzle 110 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0060] Nozzle 110 of embodiment 2 includes a substantially cylindrical hollow body 111. Laser light passes through the inside of body 111. A body hole 112 (see FIG. 22) through which the laser light passes is formed at the bottom end of body 111.

[0061] 16, 17, and 22, a fixed member 113 and a movable member 114 are provided below the main body 111 as parts of the nozzle 110. The fixed member 113 is fixed to the main body 111. The movable member 114 is movable relative to the fixed member 113.

[0062] The fixing member 113 is circular when viewed from the direction of irradiation of the laser light and has a constant thickness. A fixing hole 118 (see FIGS. 18 and 22) is formed in the fixing member 113, penetrating vertically. This fixing hole 118 is aligned vertically with the main body hole 112 of the main body 111. The laser light passes through this fixing hole 118.

[0063] 18, a plurality of engagement holes 119 are formed on the underside of the fixed member 113. Each engagement hole 119 is a hole that opens downward and has the same diameter and depth. These engagement holes 119 are arranged at equal intervals on a circle centered on the rotation axis 130 of the movable member 114.

[0064] The movable member 114 is a member that is approximately circular when viewed from the direction of irradiation of the laser light and has a certain thickness. The movable member 114 is rotatable around a rotation axis 130. The rotation direction of the movable member 114 is indicated by an arrow in Figures 16 and 17. The rotation axis 130 is located at a position offset from the laser path and extends in the same direction as the irradiation direction of the laser light.

[0065] 17 and other figures, a plurality of nozzle holes 120 with different diameters are formed in the movable member 114. Each nozzle hole 120 passes through the movable member 114 in the vertical direction. These nozzle holes 120 are arranged on a circle centered on the rotation axis 130 of the movable member 114.

[0066] 19, movable member 114 is provided with elastic protrusion 121 that is loaded with an elastic force so as to protrude toward fixed member 113. As shown in Fig. 21, elastic protrusion 121 is made up of protruding member 124 and spring 125 as an elastic member. Protruding member 124 is made up of conical head 122 and shaft 123 that is located below head 122 and is thinner than head 122. Spring 125 is provided around shaft 123 of protruding member 124.

[0067] As shown in Fig. 20, a plurality of protrusion accommodating holes 126 are formed on the upper surface of the movable member 114, and an elastic protrusion 121 is provided in each of the protrusion accommodating holes 126 as shown in Fig. 19. These elastic protrusions 121 are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference centered on the rotation axis 130 of the movable member 114.

[0068] 18 and 19, the number of elastic protrusions 121 is the same as the number of engagement holes 119 formed in fixed member 113. Then, every time movable member 114 rotates by a predetermined angle, a positional relationship is established in which all of elastic protrusions 121 provided on movable member 114 can be aligned in the up-down direction with all of engagement holes 119 formed in fixed member 113.

[0069] Of the elastic protrusion 121, the shaft 123 and spring 125 of the protrusion member 124 are always inserted into the protrusion storage hole 126 formed on the upper surface of the movable member 114. On the other hand, the head 122 of the elastic protrusion 121 is inserted into the protrusion storage hole 126 when pressed from above, and when not pressed from above, the head 122 protrudes above the protrusion storage hole 126 due to the elastic force of the spring 125.

[0070] The upper surface of the movable member 114 is in contact with the lower surface of the fixed member 113. Therefore, while the movable member 114 is rotating, the elastic protrusion 121 is pressed against the lower surface of the fixed member 113 and is completely housed in the protrusion housing hole 126 of the movable member 114.

[0071] However, when elastic protrusion 121 reaches the bottom of engagement hole 119, it is no longer pressed from above, so head 122 of protruding member 124 on elastic protrusion 121 protrudes upward and enters engagement hole 119. The state at this time is shown in Figure 22. By elastic protrusion 121 entering engagement hole 119 in this way, movable member 114 is temporarily fixed to fixed member 113. However, because head 122 of elastic protrusion 121 is conical, when a force is applied to rotate movable member 114, movable member 114 rotates, and head 122 comes out of engagement hole 119 and is stored in protrusion storing hole 126.

[0072] Each time the movable member 114 rotates by a predetermined angle, all of the elastic protrusions 121 of the movable member 114 simultaneously enter all of the engagement holes 119 of the fixed member 113, and the movable member 114 is temporarily fixed. When the movable member 114 is temporarily fixed, one of the multiple nozzle holes 120 comes directly below the fixing hole 118 of the fixed member 113, and the nozzle hole 120 and the fixing hole 118 are aligned with the irradiation direction of the laser light. This allows the laser light and assist gas to pass through the nozzle hole 120 and exit to the outside. In this way, a nozzle hole 120 of any diameter can be aligned with the fixing hole 118, and the nozzle hole 120 can be used as a laser passageway.

[0073] The movable member 114 is a gear with many teeth 131 formed on its outer circumferential surface. Therefore, the movable member 114 can be rotated by meshing the teeth 131 of the movable member 114 with another gear and rotating the meshed gear with a motor.

[0074] 22, disk-shaped stoppers 132 are provided on the top and bottom of the rotation shaft 130. The upper stopper 132 presses the fixed member 113 from above, and the lower stopper 132 presses the movable member 114 from below, preventing the fixed member 113 and the movable member 114 from separating.

[0075] As an example of using such a nozzle 110, a case will be described in which nitrogen gas is used as an assist gas to cut a metal plate as a workpiece. In this case, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thicker metal plate, the movable member 114 is rotated, and the nozzle hole 120 aligned with the laser passage in the main body 111 is changed to a larger nozzle hole 120. This increases the amount of assist gas ejected from the nozzle hole 120, allowing the thick metal plate to be cut appropriately. Conversely, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thinner metal plate, the movable member 114 is rotated, and the nozzle hole 120 aligned with the laser passage in the main body 111 is changed to a smaller nozzle hole 120. Therefore, there is no need to replace the nozzle 110 when changing the thickness of the metal plate to be cut.

[0076] Next, the effects of the second embodiment will be described.

[0077] In the second embodiment, the movable member 114 is rotatable around the rotation axis 130, and the plurality of nozzle holes 120 are arranged on a circumference around the rotation axis 130. When the movable member 114 rotates and one of the plurality of nozzle holes 120 coincides with the laser passageway in the main body 111 and the direction of irradiation of the laser light, the laser light and the assist gas can pass through the nozzle hole. In this way, because the diameter of the nozzle hole 120 through which the laser light and the assist gas pass is variable, the nozzle 110 of the second embodiment can be applied to various workpieces without replacement.

[0078] Furthermore, the movable member 114 is provided with a plurality of elastic protrusions 121 that are elastically loaded so as to protrude toward the fixed member 113, and the fixed member 113 is formed with a plurality of engagement holes 119 that open toward the movable member 114. When each elastic protrusion 121 enters the corresponding engagement hole 119, one of the plurality of nozzle holes 120 and the fixed hole 118 of the fixed member 113 coincide with the irradiation direction of the laser light, allowing the laser light and assist gas to pass through the fixed hole 118 and the nozzle hole 120. In this way, the elastic protrusions 121 and the engagement hole 119 serve to temporarily fasten the movable member 114 and to maintain the nozzle hole 120 in a position that allows the laser light and assist gas to pass through.

[0079] Furthermore, since the movable member 114 is a gear, it can be easily rotated by meshing with another gear.

[0080] Various modifications can be made to the second embodiment. For example, the vertical relationship between the engagement holes and the elastic protrusions may be reversed, with the engagement holes formed on the upper surface of the movable member and the elastic protrusions on the lower surface of the fixed member. Furthermore, the number of elastic protrusions and the number of engagement holes do not have to be the same. For example, only one elastic protrusion may be provided, and the movable member may be temporarily secured to the fixed member by inserting the elastic protrusion into one of the engagement holes. Furthermore, the movable member need only be rotatable, and need not be a gear. Furthermore, the means for rotating the movable member is not limited.

[0081] The nozzle of embodiment 2 can also be used as a nozzle for a laser welding machine that irradiates a laser to weld metal plates together. Similar to a laser cutting machine that irradiates a laser to cut metal plates, a laser welding machine is a type of laser processing machine.

[0082] 3. Embodiment 3 The laser processing machine of the third embodiment has a nozzle that is different from the laser processing machine 1 of the first embodiment. The nozzle 210 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0083] 23 and 24, a nozzle 210 of the third embodiment includes a substantially cylindrical hollow main body 211. Laser light passes through the inside of the main body 211. As shown in Fig. 25, a main body hole 212 through which the laser light passes is formed at the bottom end of the main body 211.

[0084] 23 and 24, one fixed member 213 and one movable member 214 are provided below the main body 211 as parts of the nozzle 210. The fixed member 213 is fixed to the main body 211. The movable member 214 is movable in a linear direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIGS. 23 and 24) relative to the fixed member 213.

[0085] 26 and 27, fixed member 213 has a rectangular cross section and is hollow and approximately cylindrical. Fixed member 213 has openings 215 on both sides in the movement direction of movable member 214. In addition, a slit 216 is formed in the lower part of fixed member 213, connecting the two openings 215 and serving as an opening to the lower side. Movable member 214 slides inside such fixed member 213.

[0086] A fixing hole 218 (see FIG. 26) that penetrates vertically is formed in the fixed member 213 in a portion sandwiched between the main body 211 and the movable member 214. This fixing hole 218 is aligned in the vertical direction with the main body hole 212 of the main body 211. Laser light passes through this fixing hole 218.

[0087] As shown in Figure 27, a plurality of engagement holes 219 are formed on the inner surface of the fixed member 213 above the movable member 214. Each engagement hole 219 is a hole that opens downward and has the same diameter and depth. The number of engagement holes 219 is the same as the number of nozzle holes 220, which will be described next. The multiple engagement holes 219 are aligned in a row in the direction of movement of the movable member 214.

[0088] The movable member 214 is a plate-shaped member. As shown in Figures 28 and 29, a plurality of nozzle holes 220 with different diameters are formed in the movable member 214. Each nozzle hole 220 passes through the movable member 214 in the vertical direction. These nozzle holes 220 are aligned in a row in the direction of movement of the movable member 214.

[0089] 28, an elastic protrusion 121 is provided on the upper surface of the movable member 214, to which an elastic force is applied so as to protrude toward the inner surface of the fixed member 213. The elastic protrusion 121 of the third embodiment is the same as the elastic protrusion 121 of the second embodiment, and is shown in FIG.

[0090] Of such elastic protrusions 121, the shaft 123 and spring 125 of the protrusion member 124 are always inserted into the protrusion storage hole 226 (see Figures 29 and 30) formed on the upper surface of the movable member 214. On the other hand, the head 122 of the protrusion member 124 is inserted into the protrusion storage hole 226 when pressed from above, and when not pressed from above, the head 122 protrudes above the protrusion storage hole 226 due to the elastic force of the spring 125.

[0091] The upper surface of movable member 214 is in contact with the inner surface of fixed member 213. Therefore, when movable member 214 moves inside fixed member 213, elastic protrusion 121 is pushed from above by the inner surface of fixed member 213 and is completely housed in protrusion housing hole 226 of movable member 214.

[0092] However, when elastic protrusion 121 reaches below engagement hole 219 of fixed member 213, it is no longer pressed from above, so elastic protrusion 121 (more specifically, head 122 of protrusion member 124) protrudes upward and enters engagement hole 219, as shown in Figure 30. When elastic protrusion 121 enters engagement hole 219 in this way, movable member 214 is temporarily fixed to fixed member 213. However, because head 122 of elastic protrusion 121 is conical, when a force is applied to move movable member 214 in the horizontal direction, movable member 214 moves in the direction of the applied force, and head 122 comes out of engagement hole 219 and is stored in protrusion storing hole 226.

[0093] 30, when the elastic protrusion 121 enters one of the engagement holes 219, the nozzle hole 220 corresponding to that engagement hole 219 comes directly below the fixing hole 218 of the fixed member 213 as shown in Fig. 31, and the nozzle hole 220 and the fixing hole 218 coincide with the irradiation direction of the laser light. As a result, a single linear laser passageway is realized that passes through the main body hole 212 of the main body 211, the fixing hole 218 of the fixed member 213, and the nozzle hole 220 of the movable member 214, and the laser light and assist gas can pass through the nozzle hole 220 and exit to the outside.

[0094] By moving the movable member 214, the elastic protrusions 121 can be inserted into any of the engagement holes 219, thereby making it possible to align any of the nozzle holes 220 with the fixed holes 218. Here, the movable member 214 can be moved by various moving devices. For example, moving devices such as a stepping motor, a linear motor, and a servo motor can be used, but various moving devices other than those listed here can also be used.

[0095] On both sides of the moving direction of the movable member 214, there are provided high portions 227 that are higher than the openings 215 of the fixed member 213. These high portions 227 come into contact with the openings 215 of the fixed member 213, preventing the movable member 214 from slipping out of the fixed member 213.

[0096] As shown in Figure 24, a convex rib 228 extending in the direction of movement of the movable member 214 is formed on the lower surface side of the movable member 214. The lower end of the nozzle hole 220 opens to the lower surface of the convex rib 228. This convex rib 228 is located inside the slit 216 (see Figure 27) of the fixed member 213. When the movable member 214 slides relative to the fixed member 213, the convex rib 228 slides within the slit 216.

[0097] As an example of using such a nozzle 210, a case will be described in which nitrogen gas is used as an assist gas to cut a metal plate as a workpiece. In this case, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thicker metal plate, the movable member 214 is moved and the nozzle hole 220 aligned with the laser passage in the main body 211 is changed to a larger nozzle hole 220. This increases the amount of assist gas ejected from the nozzle hole 220, allowing the thick metal plate to be cut appropriately. Conversely, when the workpiece is changed to a thinner metal plate, the movable member 214 is moved and the nozzle hole 220 aligned with the laser passage in the main body 211 is changed to a smaller nozzle hole 220. Therefore, there is no need to replace the nozzle 210 when changing the thickness of the metal plate to be cut.

[0098] Next, the effects of the third embodiment will be described.

[0099] As described above, the nozzle 210 of the third embodiment is provided with a main body 211 through which the laser beam passes and a movable member 214 in which a plurality of nozzle holes 220 with different diameters are formed. Here, the movable member 214 is movable in a linear direction, and the plurality of nozzle holes 220 are aligned in the direction of movement of the movable member 214. When the movable member 214 moves and one of the plurality of nozzle holes 220 coincides with the laser passageway in the main body 211 and the irradiation direction of the laser beam, the laser beam and the assist gas can pass through that nozzle hole 220. In this way, because the diameter of the nozzle hole 220 through which the laser beam and the assist gas pass is variable, the nozzle 210 of the third embodiment can be applied to various workpieces without replacement.

[0100] A fixed member 213 that is immovable relative to the main body 211 is provided, and a fixing hole 218 is formed in the fixed member 213 between the main body 211 and the movable member 214, through which the laser light passes. The movable member 214 is provided with an elastic protrusion 121 that is elastically loaded so as to protrude toward the fixed member 213, and the fixed member 213 is formed with a plurality of engagement holes 219 that open toward the movable member 214. When the elastic protrusion 121 enters one of the engagement holes 219, the nozzle hole 220 corresponding to that engagement hole 219 and the fixed hole 218 of the fixed member 213 are aligned in the irradiation direction of the laser light, allowing the laser light and assist gas to pass through the fixed hole 218 and the nozzle hole 220. In this way, the elastic protrusion 121 and the engagement hole 219 serve to temporarily fasten the movable member 214 and maintain the nozzle hole 220 in a position that allows the laser light and assist gas to pass through.

[0101] Various modifications can be made to the third embodiment. For example, the engagement holes may be formed in the movable member and the elastic protrusions may be provided on the inner surface of the fixed member, as opposed to the above. Alternatively, multiple elastic protrusions may be provided, and the movable member may be temporarily secured to the fixed member by fitting into the respective engagement holes.

[0102] The nozzle of embodiment 3 can also be used as a nozzle for a laser welding machine that irradiates a laser to weld metal plates together. Similar to a laser cutting machine that irradiates a laser to cut metal plates, a laser welding machine is a type of laser processing machine.

[0103] 4. Embodiment 4 The laser processing machine of the fourth embodiment has a nozzle that is different from the laser processing machine 1 of the first embodiment. The nozzle 310 of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0104] As shown in Figures 32 to 34, the nozzle 310 of embodiment 4 includes an approximately cylindrical upper cover 311, a lower cover 340 below the upper cover 311, a rotating member 314 sandwiched between the upper cover 311 and the lower cover 340, and a plurality of claws 360 extending from the upper cover 311 to the lower cover 340 and exposed below the lower cover 340.

[0105] A cylindrical space 361 extending in the vertical direction is formed inside upper cover 311. As shown in Figure 40, this space 361 passes through upper cover 311 in the vertical direction. Laser light passes through this space 361.

[0106] Additionally, upper grooves 362 (see FIG. 40) are formed around the space 361 of the upper cover 311, the number of which is the same as the number of claws 360. These upper grooves 362 are independent of each other. Furthermore, these upper grooves 362 are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference whose center is the laser passage through which the laser light passes. Furthermore, each upper groove 362 extends at an angle relative to the vertical direction and opens at the lower end of the upper cover 311. A claw 360 fits into each upper groove 362.

[0107] A substantially conical space 363 extending in the vertical direction is formed inside the lower cover 340 (see FIG. 40). The space 363 passes through the lower cover 340 from top to bottom. The laser light passes through this space 363.

[0108] 35 and 36, lower grooves 364, the same number as the number of claws 360, are formed around the space 363 of the lower cover 340. These lower grooves 364 are independent of each other. These lower grooves 364 are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference centered on the laser passage through which the laser light passes. Each lower groove 364 extends at an angle relative to the vertical direction and opens at both the upper and lower ends of the lower cover 340. A claw 360 fits into each lower groove 364.

[0109] As shown in Figure 37, the rotating member 314 is a gear with a hole around its rotation axis. Laser light passes through the hole in the rotating member 314. The rotating member 314 can rotate around the laser passageway through which the laser light passes as its rotation axis. The inner diameter surface (wall surface of the hole) of the hole in the rotating member 314 is threaded to form a thread 369. The portion where the thread 369 is formed is called the threaded portion.

[0110] Furthermore, ridges 365, 366 (see Figures 37 and 40) that go around the rotation axis are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating member 314. Grooves 367, 368 (see Figures 35 and 40) that go around the spaces 361, 363 are formed on the lower surface of the upper cover 311 and the upper surface of the lower cover 340, respectively, and the ridges 365, 366 of the rotating member 314 fit into the grooves 367, 368. This structure allows the rotating member 314 to rotate between the upper cover 311 and the lower cover 340. While the rotating member 314 is rotating, the upper cover 311 and the lower cover 340 do not rotate.

[0111] 38 and 39, the plurality of claws 360 are arranged on a circle centered on the laser passageway. The laser light passes through the inside of the plurality of claws 360 arranged on the circle. The tips (lower ends) of the plurality of claws 360 form the nozzle hole 320. Therefore, each claw 360 is a nozzle hole forming member.

[0112] A screw thread 370 that can be fitted with the screw thread 369 of the rotating member 314 is formed on the surface of each of the claws 360 opposite to the laser passage. The portion where this screw thread 370 is formed is referred to as a threaded portion.

[0113] 38 to 40, the claws 360 are inclined so that they approach each other at the bottom and move away from each other at the top. The inclination direction and angle of the claws 360 are the same as the inclination direction and angle of the upper grooves 362 and the lower grooves 364.

[0114] 40 , each of the claws 360 is provided from the inside of the upper groove 362 of the upper cover 311 to the inside of the lower groove 364 of the lower cover 340. Furthermore, the lower part of each of the claws 360 protrudes from the lower end of the lower groove 364 below the lower cover 340. Furthermore, between the upper cover 311 and the lower cover 340, the threads 370 of each of the claws 360 are engaged with the threads 369 of the rotating member 314.

[0115] Due to this structure, when the rotating member 314 rotates, the multiple pawls 360 that are engaged with the threads 369 of the rotating member 314 move up and down simultaneously. When these pawls 360 move down, the bottom ends of the pawls 360 move closer to each other, reducing the diameter of the nozzle hole 320. The surface of each pawl 360 facing the laser passage is curved. As shown in FIG. 34, when the bottom ends of the multiple pawls 360 arranged circumferentially come into contact with each other, the curved surfaces coincide with each other, forming a perfectly circular nozzle hole 320. On the other hand, when these pawls 360 move up, the bottom ends of the pawls 360 move away from each other, reducing the diameter of the nozzle hole 320, as shown in FIG. 33. The movement of the pawls 360 is indicated by arrows in FIGS. 33 and 34.

[0116] As described above, the rotating member 314 is a gear with many teeth 331 formed on its outer circumferential surface. Therefore, the rotating member 314 can be rotated by meshing the teeth 331 of the rotating member 314 with another gear and rotating the meshed gear with a motor.

[0117] Note that there are gaps between adjacent claws 360 below the lower cover 340. Therefore, assist gas not only comes out from the nozzle holes 320 formed by the tips of the multiple claws 360, but also leaks from these gaps. To prevent leakage from such gaps, rubber may be provided to fill the gaps between adjacent claws 360.

[0118] As an example of using such a nozzle 310, a case will be described in which nitrogen gas is used as the assist gas to cut a metal plate as a workpiece. In this case, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thicker metal plate, the rotating member 314 is rotated to increase the diameter of the nozzle hole 320 formed by the multiple claws 360. This increases the amount of assist gas ejected from the nozzle hole 320, allowing the thick metal plate to be cut appropriately. Conversely, when the workpiece to be cut is changed to a thinner metal plate, the rotating member 314 is rotated to decrease the diameter of the nozzle hole 320. Therefore, there is no need to replace the nozzle 310 when changing the thickness of the metal plate to be cut.

[0119] Next, the effects of the fourth embodiment will be described.

[0120] As described above, in the nozzle 310 of the fourth embodiment, the nozzle hole 320 is formed by arranging a plurality of claws 360 as nozzle hole forming members in a circle. In addition to the claws 360, the nozzle 310 also includes a rotating member 314 that rotates around the laser passage as its rotation axis, and a threaded portion (a portion on which a screw thread 369 is formed) that rotates as the rotating member 314 rotates. The threaded portion of the rotating member 314 is screwed (engaged) with each of the claws 360, and the claws 360 are configured to move with the rotation of the rotating member 314. When the claws 360 move, the tips of the claws 360 move in the radial direction of the nozzle hole 320, changing the diameter of the nozzle hole 320.

[0121] In this way, the diameter of the nozzle hole 320 changes with the rotation of the rotary member 314, so the nozzle 310 of the fourth embodiment can be applied to various workpieces without replacement.

[0122] Furthermore, since the rotating member 314 is a gear, it can be easily rotated by meshing with another gear.

[0123] Various modifications can be made to the fourth embodiment. For example, the rotating member need only be something that can be rotated, and does not have to be a gear. Furthermore, there are no limitations on the means for rotating the rotating member.

[0124] The nozzle of embodiment 4 can also be used as a nozzle for a laser welding machine that irradiates a laser to weld metal plates together. Similar to a laser cutting machine that irradiates a laser to cut metal plates, a laser welding machine is a type of laser processing machine.

[0125] 5. Embodiment 5 The nozzles of the first to fourth embodiments can be used as nozzles for plasma processing machines.

[0126] 41, a plasma processing machine 401 includes a processing head 404 and a nozzle 407 attached to a portion of the processing head 404 facing a workpiece 409. An electrode 402 is provided inside the processing head 404, and a gas flow path 406 is formed between the electrode 402 and the inner surface of the processing head 404. The plasma processing machine 401 also includes a power source (not shown) for generating a plasma arc 403 from the electrode 402.

[0127] A nozzle hole (in FIG. 41, the nozzle hole is indicated by reference numeral 408) is formed at the tip of the nozzle 407, i.e., at the end on the workpiece 409 side. A plasma arc 403 passes through the nozzle hole 408 and is generated between the electrode 402 and the workpiece 409. The path of the plasma arc 403 extends linearly from the electrode 402 to the workpiece 409. The plasma arc 403 is considered to be a type of irradiated object.

[0128] There are no limitations on the method of attaching the nozzle 407 to the processing head 404. For example, the nozzle 407 can be attached to the processing head 404 by a screw-in structure using male and female screws, fitting, a fastener such as a bolt, etc. The part of the nozzle 407 that is structured for attachment to the processing head 404 is called an attachment portion.

[0129] The workpiece 409 is, for example, a metal plate. The plasma processing machine 401 is, for example, a machine that cuts the metal plate.

[0130] Any of the nozzles according to embodiments 1 to 4 can be used as the nozzle 407 in such a plasma processing machine 401. In the plasma processing machine 401, it is necessary to change the diameter of the nozzle hole 408 depending on the material and thickness of the workpiece 409, but by using any of the nozzles according to embodiments 1 to 4, it is possible to change the diameter of the nozzle hole 408 without replacing the nozzle 407. [Explanation of symbols]

[0131] 1...laser processing machine, 2...laser oscillator, 3...mirror, 4...processing head, 5...lens, 6...assist gas supply path, 7...nozzle, 8...nozzle hole, 9...workpiece, 10...nozzle, 11...main body, 13...flange, 14...rotating member, 20...nozzle hole, 30...central hole, 31...teeth, 40...lower cover, 41...bottom wall, 42...side wall, 43...central hole, 44...receiving member, 45...groove, 46...central hole, 47...nozzle Drill hole forming member, 48...first protrusion, 49...second protrusion, 50...third protrusion, 51...groove, 52...tip, 53...side surface, 54...notch, 55...notch, 110...nozzle, 111...main body, 112...main body hole, 113...fixing member, 114...movable member, 118...fixing hole, 119...engagement hole, 120...nozzle hole, 121...elastic protrusion, 122...head, 123...shaft, 124...projecting member, 125...spring, 1 26...projection storage hole, 130...rotating shaft, 131...teeth, 132...stopper, 210...nozzle, 211...main body, 212...main body hole, 213...fixed member, 214...movable member, 215...opening, 216...slit, 218...fixing hole, 219...engagement hole, 220...nozzle hole, 226...projection storage hole, 227...high portion, 228...ridge, 310...nozzle, 311...upper cover, 314...rotating member, 320...nozzle hole, 331...tooth, 340...lower cover, 360...claw, 361...space, 362...upper groove, 363...space, 364...lower groove, 365...ridge, 366...ridge, 367...groove, 368...groove, 369...thread, 370...thread, 401...plasma processing machine, 402...electrode, 403...plasma arc, 404...processing head, 406...flow path, 407...nozzle, 408...nozzle hole, 409...processing object

Claims

1. A nozzle for a laser processing machine that applies laser light and assist gas as irradiation objects to a processing object, or a plasma processing machine that generates a plasma arc as irradiation object between an electrode and the processing object, which is attached to a portion facing the processing object and used, and which has a nozzle hole through which the irradiation object passes, A nozzle for a processing machine, characterized in that the diameter of the nozzle hole is variable.

2. a main body having a part of a passageway through which the irradiation object passes formed therein; and a plurality of nozzle hole forming members that move relative to the main body; The nozzle hole is formed on the passage by arranging the plurality of nozzle hole forming members in a circle, 2. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 1, wherein a tip of each of the nozzle hole forming members, which is an end portion on the passage side, moves in a radial direction of the nozzle hole, thereby changing a diameter of the nozzle hole.

3. each of the nozzle hole forming members has a tapered shape that becomes narrower as it approaches the passageway when viewed from the irradiation direction of the irradiation object, 3. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 2, wherein each of the nozzle hole forming members slides relative to the adjacent nozzle hole forming members on both sides thereof, thereby moving each of the tips and changing the diameter of the nozzle hole.

4. a rotating member that can rotate around the passage as a rotation axis is provided; a first protrusion is provided on a surface of each of the nozzle hole forming members facing the rotating member, the rotating member is formed with the same number of first grooves as the nozzle hole forming members, When the first protrusions are inserted into the first grooves, the nozzle hole forming members and the rotating member are engaged with each other, 4. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 3, wherein, when the rotating member rotates, each of the nozzle hole forming members simultaneously slides against the nozzle hole forming members on both sides thereof.

5. a receiving member having the same number of second grooves as the nozzle hole forming members formed therein is provided at a location on the opposite side of the nozzle hole forming member from the rotating member, a second projection is provided on a surface of each of the nozzle hole forming members opposite to the first projection, 5. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 4, wherein when the rotating member rotates, each of the second protrusions moves within each of the second grooves, and each of the nozzle hole forming members simultaneously slides against the nozzle hole forming members on either side of it.

6. The receiving member has a central hole that is wider than the passageway.

6. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 5, wherein a third projection that enters into the central hole is formed on a surface of the tip of each of the nozzle hole forming members on the side of the second projection.

7. a main body having a part of a passageway through which the object to be irradiated passes formed therein; and a movable member having a plurality of nozzle holes with different diameters formed therein; 2. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the movable member moves and one of the plurality of nozzle holes is aligned with the passageway in the main body and the irradiation direction of the irradiation object, thereby allowing the irradiation object to pass through the nozzle hole.

8. a fixed member that is immovable relative to the main body is provided; a fixing hole that is the passage between the main body and the movable member is formed in the fixing member; one or more elastic protrusions are provided on one of the fixed member and the movable member, and elastic force is applied to the one or more elastic protrusions so as to protrude toward the other member; a plurality of engagement holes opening toward the other of the fixed member and the movable member; 8. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 7, wherein when at least one of the elastic protrusions is inserted into at least one of the engagement holes, the nozzle hole corresponding to that engagement hole and the fixing hole coincide with the irradiation direction of the irradiation object.

9. The movable member extends in the same direction as the irradiation direction of the irradiation object and is rotatable around a rotation axis located at a position offset from the passageway, 9. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the nozzle holes are arranged on a circumference of a circle centered on the rotation axis.

10. 9. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 7, wherein the movable member is movable in a linear direction, and the plurality of nozzle holes are aligned in the direction of movement of the movable member.

11. a main body having a part of a passageway through which the irradiation object passes formed therein; and a plurality of nozzle hole forming members that move relative to the main body; The nozzle hole is formed on the passage by arranging the plurality of nozzle hole forming members in a circle, a tip end of each of the nozzle hole forming members, which is an end on the passage side, moves in a radial direction of the nozzle hole, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle hole; a rotating member that rotates around the passage as a rotation axis; a threaded portion that rotates with the rotation of the rotating member; and a plurality of claws that serve as the nozzle hole forming member, The threaded portion is screwed onto a part of each of the claws, 2. The nozzle for a processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of the rotary member moves the pawl that is threadedly engaged with the threaded portion, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle hole.

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