Methane generation system, power generator using methane generation system, subcritical water reaction treatment device used in methane generation system, methane generation method, and power generation method using methane generation system

Abstract

To obtain a large amount of semi-carbonized carbide of high-energy relative to organic wastes, i.e., the feed stock, whereby to generate a large amount of organic-waste biogas of high-energy, from one or two or more organic wastes (hereinafter referred to as the organic wastes) excluding woody material wastes, among the organic wastes including feces of animals, municipal wastes, agricultural product residue or fishery product residue, organic wastes in building materials, and organic sludges.SOLUTION: There are provided a sub-critical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste bio-pellet generation device, and an organic waste bio-gasification furnace. The sub-critical water reaction treatment device forms a semi-carbonized organic waste bio-material with a portion of the solidified organic waste bio-material of reduced molecular weight from the organic waste being fixed to another organic waste bio-material of a reduced molecular weight, and the organic waste bio-pellet generation device generates an organic waste bio-pellet from semi-carbonized organic waste bio-material, to generate methane in the organic waste bio-gasification furnace.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a methane generation system, a methane generation method, an organic waste biopellet production apparatus and production method, a semi-carbonized carbon production apparatus and production method, an organic waste biofuel production apparatus and production method, and a hydrogen generation system. [Background technology]

[0002] A known method involves torrefying organic waste and turning the resulting torrefied material into organic waste pellets. The organic waste is fed into a rotary kiln at a constant speed using a fixed-feeder. The temperature inside the kiln during torrefying is 200 to 300°C, and the residence time is approximately 60 minutes. The torrefied material is then stored in a drum at the rotary kiln exit.

[0003] "Semi-carbonization," also known as "torrefaction," is a fuel conversion technology that involves heating organic waste biomass in a low-oxygen environment at 200-300°C to decompose the organic matter into a substance with a high carbon content. Semi-carbonization is known to increase energy density and improve crushability and water resistance, and some semi-carbonization processing equipment is known to be able to perform drying and semi-carbonization in one machine, thereby increasing the semi-carbonization speed by blowing hot air directly onto the raw material.

[0004] The International Energy Agency (IEA) defines "torrefaction" as "heat treatment carried out at 250 to 320°C in a reduced-oxygen atmosphere."

[0005] The pelletizing equipment used is capable of forming powdered semi-carbide into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of approximately 6 mm.

[0006] Large-scale production facilities of tens of thousands of tons are being constructed mainly for Europe and the US. In Japan, there is a large amount of organic waste resources, which makes it easy to use them on a small scale in a decentralized manner, and it can also contribute to regional revitalization by switching from fossil fuels to local resources.

[0007] Various types of organic waste are resources that can be used on a small scale.

[0008] When organic waste is treated with subcritical water, the polymer components are thermally decomposed into smaller molecules, and the remainder is turned into a carbonized residue.

[0009] An organic waste biogasification power generation system is known. The organic waste biogasification power generation system includes a fixed-bed gasification furnace, a cyclone, a scrubber, a cooling tower, a filter device, and a gas engine generator. The gas engine generator generates, for example, 80 kW of electricity.

[0010] Patent Document 1 describes that by holding the material for 5 to 90 minutes in a temperature range of 200 to 240°C, where hemicellulose decomposition proceeds slowly, the hemicellulose decomposition products volatilize and diffuse outside the carbonized material before charring. It also describes that the first-stage temperature is preferably 210 to 235°C and the carbonization time is preferably 15 to 60 minutes, and the second-stage carbonization temperature is preferably 250 to 280°C and the carbonization time is preferably 15 to 60 minutes.

[0011] Patent Document 2 describes a subcritical water treatment apparatus in which a reaction vessel used in the subcritical water treatment apparatus has a double structure consisting of an outer vessel and an inner vessel housed inside the outer vessel.

[0012] Patent Document 3 describes a method for producing biomass solid fuel, which includes a step of hydrothermal carbonization of EFB (palm oil residue) at a temperature of 150 to 250°C and a pressure of 0.3 to 4.2 MPa (G).

[0013] Non-Patent Document 1 describes fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, entrained-flow, and rotary kiln-type gasifiers in Table 1, Biomass Gasifier Classification [6], and describes the gasification of wood chips. Non-Patent Document 1 also describes the use of high-temperature gasification temperatures, such as 700 to 1200°C. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0014] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-45373 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 4789595 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 7252389 [Non-patent literature]

[0015] [Non-Patent Document 1] Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 49, No. 150 (2007) 228-235 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0016] Conventionally, biogasification systems have been used to produce semi-carbonized carbon from organic waste as a processing material, and then gasify the semi-carbonized carbon in a biogasification furnace. However, the amount of semi-carbonized carbon produced from the organic waste is reduced, and a large amount of semi-carbonized carbon with high energy consumption is not obtained compared to the amount of wood used as the raw material.

[0017] As mentioned above, there are many organic waste resources in Japan. There is a need to make effective use of organic waste that is dispersed on a small scale and to switch from fossil fuels to organic waste resources.

[0018] In view of the above, the present invention employs a newly discovered method for utilizing subcritical water reaction treatment equipment, thereby adopting a "torrefaction method" that can be defined in a different form from the conventional "torrefaction method" defined by the IEA, and aims to obtain a high amount of torrefied carbonized material with a higher energy content than the amount of organic waste used as raw material from the amount of organic waste used as raw material, thereby generating a high amount of organic waste biogas with a higher energy content. [Means for solving the problem]

[0019] The applicant of the present patent application previously filed patent applications Nos. 2024-57030 and 2024-57237 relating to the production of semi-carbonized carbonized material from wood waste. In the present invention, the organic wastes used as raw materials for treatment are animal droppings, municipal waste, agricultural or fishery product residues, organic waste materials from construction materials, and organic sludge waste, and one or more organic wastes (hereinafter referred to as "organic wastes") excluding wood waste are the target of subcritical water reaction treatment. The organic wastes can be said to be organic wastes excluding wood waste, which is the subject of the previous patent application. The present invention produces semi-carbonized carbonized material from the organic waste. The organic waste used as the raw material for processing may be in the form of powder or in the form of chips or pellets formed from powder. The present invention relates to a methane generation system that generates semi-carbonized carbonized material from the organic waste and generates methane from the semi-carbonized carbonized material in a gasification furnace. The system includes a subcritical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste biopellet generation device, and an organic waste biogasification furnace. The subcritical water reaction treatment device forms semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to other smaller molecules of the organic waste biomaterial. The organic waste biopellet generation device generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. The organic waste biogasification furnace generates methane from the organic waste biopellets. A methane generation system is provided. The system further comprises a subcritical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste biopellet generator, and an organic waste biogasifier, the subcritical water reaction treatment device comprising an inlet for feeding the organic waste as a treatment raw material, a pressure vessel having an outlet for removing the generated semi-carbonized carbonized material, and a heat source for the subcritical water reaction treatment and the semi-carbonization treatment; The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and an inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel and an outer space formed between the inner cylindrical vessel and the outer cylindrical vessel are partitioned by the inner cylindrical vessel; forming a first heating means for introducing steam into the internal space and heating the internal space; forming a second heating means for heating the interior of the inner space in the outer space; The organic waste is decomposed into smaller molecules in the subcritical water reaction treatment device to produce a subcritical water reaction-treated organic waste biomaterial. When the organic waste is carbonized, the relationship between temperature X and weight loss rate Y is expressed as an S-shaped curve on the XY coordinate system, which is divided into three sections: the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the sudden weight loss section, the S-shaped curve where the sudden weight loss section ends, and the end of the S-shaped curve where the sudden weight loss section ends. The temperature in the inner space by the second heating means is set to the temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a part of the organic waste that has been broken down into low molecular weight molecules is solidified and fixed to the other low molecular weight organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized carbonized organic waste biomaterial; The organic waste biopellet generating device generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, In the organic waste biogasification furnace, methane is produced from the organic waste biopellets at a temperature set at the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight rapidly decreases, or at a temperature set at the outlet part of the S-shaped curve where the weight gradually decreases. A methane generation system is provided. Furthermore, in an organic waste biofuel production system using a semi-carbonized carbonization production device that is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device, and that produces semi-carbonized carbonization from the organic waste as a processing raw material by forming a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into low molecular weight molecules is solidified and fixed to other low molecular weight organic waste in the subcritical water reaction treatment device, In the subcritical water reaction treatment device, solid semi-carbonized carbonized material and powder semi-carbonized carbonized material are produced from the organic waste, and these are mixed to produce organic waste biofuel. An organic waste biofuel production device using a semi-carbonized carbon production device characterized by: In the semi-carbonized carbonization manufacturing apparatus for producing semi-carbonized carbonization from the organic waste, a subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus, the subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus comprising: a pressure vessel having an inlet for introducing the organic waste and an outlet for removing the semi-carbonized carbonized material produced; and a heat source for the subcritical water reaction treatment and the semi-carbonization treatment; The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and an inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel and an outer space formed between the inner cylindrical vessel and the outer cylindrical vessel are partitioned by the inner cylindrical vessel; a first heating means for introducing steam into the inner space and heating the inner space, and performing a subcritical water reaction treatment by hydrolysis; forming a second heating means for heating the interior of the inner space in the outer space; The organic waste is decomposed into smaller molecules in the subcritical water reaction treatment device to produce a subcritical water reaction-treated organic waste biomaterial. When the organic waste is carbonized, the relationship between temperature X and weight loss rate Y is expressed as an S-shaped curve on the XY coordinate system, which is divided into three sections: the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the sudden weight loss section, the S-shaped curve where the sudden weight loss section ends, and the end of the S-shaped curve where the sudden weight loss section ends. The temperature in the inner space by the second heating means is set to the temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a part of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to the other smaller molecules of the organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. The present invention provides a semi-carbonized carbide manufacturing device characterized by the above. An organic waste biofuel production system using a semi-carbonized carbonization production device that is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device and that produces semi-carbonized carbonization from organic waste by forming semi-carbonized carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into low molecular weight molecules is solidified and fixed to other low molecular weight organic waste in the subcritical water reaction treatment device, In the subcritical water reaction treatment device, solid semi-carbonized carbonized material and powder semi-carbonized carbonized material are produced from the organic waste, and these are mixed to produce organic waste biofuel. The present invention provides an organic waste biofuel production device using a semi-carbonized carbon production device characterized by the above. The present invention also provides a methane production method, a semi-carbonized carbide production method, and a hydrogen production system related to these systems and production devices.

[0020] In some literature, organic waste biopellets are sometimes referred to as organic waste biomass pellets. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to the present invention, as described above, By subjecting the input organic waste to subcritical water reaction treatment through hydrolysis, low molecular weight organic waste is produced, and a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial can be formed in which some of the low molecular weight solidified organic waste from the organic waste that has been treated with subcritical water reaction is fixed to other low molecular weight organic waste.

[0022] When the change in temperature X and weight loss rate Y of the organic waste is expressed on the XY coordinate system as an S-shaped curve that can be divided into three sections: the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line, the part that continues into the sudden weight loss part, the S-shaped curve of sudden weight loss, and the part where the sudden weight loss ends and the S-shaped curve exits into a gradual weight loss line, At the temperature set at the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, part of the organic waste is liquefied and solidified, and the other components of the organic waste, which have been reduced to low molecular weight, are solidified, forming organic waste biomaterial, which can then be semi-carbonized.

[0023] This semi-carbonization process is carried out at a temperature of 150-220°C, which is lower than the temperature range used in conventional semi-carbonization processes, and therefore semi-carbonized material that retains 90-95% of the heat value of the organic waste before processing can be obtained in an extremely short time.

[0024] Furthermore, according to the present invention, methane can be efficiently produced from the highly energy-enhanced semi-carbonized carbide. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a methane generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of another subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] The diagram shows the processing temperature and weight change of the processed material, with X being the processing temperature and Y being the weight change of the processed material. [Figure 5] A diagram on the XY axis coordinate system that explains the solidified organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules to form organic waste biomaterials, and the fixation and semi-carbonization process of the solidified organic waste to other smaller organic wastes. [Figure 6] Example: Microscopic photographs taken from the cow dung example [Figure 7] Example: Microscopic photographs taken from an example of urban waste (a mixture of paper, wood chips, plastic, and food waste) [Figure 8] Example: Microscopic photograph of tea leaves [Figure 9] Example: Microscopic photographs taken in the coffee grounds example [Figure 10] Example: Microscopic photograph of tofu dregs [Figure 11] Example: Microscopic photographs obtained from the rice husk example [Figure 12] Example: Microscopic photographs taken from the example of vegetable waste [Figure 13] Example: Microscopic photographs taken from the bamboo waste example [Figure 14] Example: Microscopic photograph of a scallop uro example [Figure 15] Example: Microscopic photographs taken from the example of clothing waste [Figure 16] Example: Microscopic photographs taken in the case of organic activated sludge [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an optimal semi-carbonization process. [Figure 18] Diagram showing the produced organic waste biopellets [Figure 19] A diagram showing the process of producing organic waste biofuel bodies. [Figure 20] Diagram of gasification process of organic waste biopellets [Figure 21] An XY-axis coordinate diagram illustrating the area used in the present invention. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 shows steps of a method for producing methane according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a methane generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention relates to a methane generation system 100 that produces torrefied carbon from the organic waste and gasifies the torrefied carbon in a gasifier. The organic waste is defined above.

[0028] In FIG. 1, the methane generation system 100 is mainly composed of a biopellet production apparatus 2 and a biogas production apparatus 3 connected to the biopellet production apparatus 2 by a transport means 8 such as a transport vehicle.

[0029] The biopellet production apparatus 2 is composed of a subcritical water reactor 5 and a wood biopellet production apparatus 6, and a superheated steam generator 4 is attached to the biopellet production apparatus 2. Superheated steam is delivered to the subcritical water reactor 5.

[0030] The organic waste is processed into chips of any shape, collected by any means, and then introduced 8 into a subcritical water reaction apparatus 5 .

[0031] The organic waste 1 is semi-carbonized by subcritical water reaction treatment using superheated steam as described below, forming a semi-carbonized material, i.e., organic waste biomaterial. The subcritical water reactor 5 can perform subcritical water reaction treatment on the input organic waste 1.

[0032] Subcritical water reactions involve hydrolyzing introduced high-molecular organic substances and breaking them down into smaller molecules by confining high-temperature, high-pressure water in a pressure vessel. A subcritical water reaction apparatus (also called a subcritical treatment device or subcritical apparatus) is used.

[0033] The organic waste biomaterial is sent to an organic waste biopellet production device 6, which produces organic waste biopellets 7. The organic waste biopellet production device 6 produces organic waste biopellets 7 using the organic waste biomaterial in accordance with a known method.

[0034] The organic waste biopellets produced may also be called torrefaction pellets.

[0035] The organic waste biopellets 7 are transported by transport means 8, for example a transport vehicle, to a silo 11 of the biogas production device 3 and stored therein.

[0036] The biogas production apparatus 3 is equipped with, along the flow path, a silo 11, a superheated steam gasifier 12 (hereinafter referred to as the gasifier 12), a bag filter 13, a buffer tank 14, a gas engine 15, and a generator 17. Although not shown in the figure, a condenser and a cyclone may also be provided. A branching device 23 can be installed in the biogas conduit connecting the gasifier 12 and the bag filter 13 to branch off the organic waste biogas. The branched organic waste biogas is led to a reformer 24 that forms part of the hydrogen production system. The reformer 24 uses steam to reform methane, which is the main component of the organic waste biogas, to produce hydrogen. That is, the reformer 24 produces hydrogen from methane through steam reforming. The hydrogen produced in the reformer 24 is liquefied and stored in the hydrogen storage device 25. The liquefied hydrogen can be used for various purposes. In this example, a reformer 24 is used, but hydrogen and solid carbon may also be produced from methane by plasma pyrolysis. The method for generating hydrogen is not limited to the above-described method, and other methods may be adopted. Methanol can be produced from the produced hydrogen using known means.

[0037] A superheated steam generator 16 is attached to the gasifier 12, and a generator 17 is connected to the gas engine 15. A belt conveyor 18 is provided between the silo 11 and the gasifier 12, and a char discharge device 19 is provided below the gasifier 12, through which char 20 is discharged from the gasifier 12 and used as fuel 21 for the superheated steam generator 16.

[0038] A hydrogen concentration detector can be disposed inside the gasification furnace 12 to constantly detect and monitor the hydrogen concentration inside the gasification furnace 12. Any commercially available hydrogen concentration detector can be used.

[0039] The organic waste biopellets 7 stored in the silo 11 are transported to the gas furnace 12 and gasified using superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 16, producing organic waste biogas. The organic waste biogas produced in this process is then subjected to a subcritical water reaction process to produce a high-energy woody biogas with a high carbon content and primarily composed of methane, as will be described later, due to the characteristics of the organic waste biopellets produced. The gasifier 12 then produces an even more highly energized organic waste biogas 22.

[0040] As will be described later, by applying an improved organic waste gas generation method to the formed organic waste biopellets, in addition to the previously mentioned high energy content, the gas furnace 12 can produce an even more highly energyed organic waste biogas 22, which is primarily composed of methane.

[0041] The electricity generated by the generator 17 is normally transmitted to a power grid after being adjusted in voltage, current, and frequency using a well-known power transmission device.

[0042] As such, the methane generation system 100 shown in Figure 1 is configured to include a first stage component that produces organic waste biopellets through subcritical water reaction treatment using the biopellet production device 2, and a second stage component that produces methane from the highly energy-enhanced organic waste biopellets using the biogas production device 3.

[0043] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of an organic waste biopellet manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In Fig. 2, the hydrothermal reaction treatment system includes a subcritical water reaction treatment device, and is composed of a treatment material input system, a subcritical water reaction device including a heat source for supplying heat, a hydrothermal reaction residue treatment system, and a control device. A typical hydrothermal reaction treatment system itself has a well-known configuration.

[0045] In this embodiment of the present invention, the subcritical water reaction apparatus 5 includes a pressure vessel (also called a reactor) 101. The pressure vessel 101 is connected to a boiler 102 used as a heat source for supplying steam using an aqueous medium, and is also connected to a processing material input system, a methane recovery system, a hydrothermal reaction treatment system, and a torrefaction treatment system. A control device 105 is provided to control the temperature, pressure, and treatment time inside the pressure vessel.

[0046] The pressure vessel 101 is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel (also called an outer jacket) 111 and an inner cylindrical vessel (also called an inner jacket) 112 arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylindrical vessel 111 with a space therebetween, and an agitator 113 is provided in the space (inner space) 106 within the inner cylindrical vessel.

[0047] The pressure vessel 101 is provided with closure lids 114 and 115 at both ends, and one of the lids 115 is provided with a drive motor 116 on its side. The drive motor 116 is connected to an agitator 113 having rotating blades.

[0048] An outer temperature sensor and an outer pressure sensor 121 are provided to measure the temperature and pressure in the space (outer space) 107 between the outer cylindrical container 111 and the inner cylindrical container 112, an inner temperature sensor and an inner pressure sensor 122 to measure the temperature and pressure in the space (inner space) 106 of the inner cylindrical container 112, and a moisture sensor 123 to measure the moisture in the space of the inner cylindrical container 112. These sensors measure the temperature and pressure in the inner space 106 and the moisture in the inner space 106 of the inner cylindrical container 112, and each measurement value is transmitted as a data signal to the control device 105 via an electronic circuit. These signal data are recorded in the recording means of the control device 105. The measured moisture content is used to set control data for the torrefaction treatment time.

[0049] The pressure vessel 101 is provided with a steam exhaust pipe 118 connected to the inner cylindrical vessel 112, and a discharge control valve 119 is provided on the steam exhaust pipe 118. With this configuration, water vapor in the inner space can be discharged to the outside. The pressure vessel 101 is equipped with an input hopper 125 connected to the inner cylindrical vessel 112, and an outlet having an outlet pipe 126 connected to the inner cylindrical vessel 112. The outlet pipe 126 is provided with an outlet discharge control valve 120. With this configuration, the torrefied material produced by the hydrothermal reaction treatment can be recovered to the outside, i.e., in a torrefied material recovery device.

[0050] The crusher 103 receives the collected raw material to be treated (the organic waste) 131, crushes the raw material to be treated, and feeds the powdered raw material to the feed hopper 125. The feed hopper 125 is provided with a control valve, and the feeding of the raw material to be treated 131, the subsequent processing, and the temperature adjustment to be adopted are controlled by the control device 105.

[0051] The crushing operation of the crusher 103 is controlled by a control device 105 connected by an electronic circuit.

[0052] The type of raw material to be processed 131 (in Figure 1, this is the organic waste 1) is identified when it is collected. In many cases, the type of raw material to be processed is identified by the operator, who is the raw material processor. By installing a photographing means (not shown) near the input hopper 125, comparing the image with a reference image, and providing a means (not shown) for identifying the type of raw material to be processed, the type of raw material to be processed can be identified automatically. Identification data is input into the control device 105.

[0053] The boiler 102 includes a steam supply line 133 that supplies the generated steam to the pressure vessel 101. A superheated steam generator 140 is provided in the steam supply line 133, and superheats the generated steam and supplies it to the pressure vessel 101.

[0054] The steam supply line 133 branches into a branch line 134 that supplies superheated steam into the space between the outer cylindrical vessel 111 and the inner cylindrical vessel 112, and a branch line 135 that supplies superheated steam into the space inside the inner cylindrical vessel 112, and control valves 136 and 137 are installed on each branch line. The control valves 136 and 137 are connected to the control device 105, and their opening and closing are controlled and adjusted by the control device 105. The superheated steam is supplied to the space between the outer cylindrical vessel 111 and the inner cylindrical vessel 112 and / or the space inside the inner cylindrical vessel 112. By providing the superheated steam generator 140, the internal temperature, i.e., the hydrothermal reaction treatment temperature, can be increased regardless of the pressure inside the inner cylindrical vessel.

[0055] The subcritical water reaction apparatus 5 is composed of a pressure vessel equipped with an inlet for the raw material to be treated, a mechanism for making the hydrothermal reaction uniform, and an outlet for removing the semi-carbonized powder produced after the hydrothermal reaction, a heat source for the hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment, and a controller for controlling the hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment. A slightly blackish semi-carbonized material is produced by the hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment of wood material.

[0056] The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and the inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel The outer space between the inner cylindrical container and the outer cylindrical container is defined by the inner cylindrical container.

[0057] The control means sets the hydrothermal reaction temperature of the subcritical reaction zone of water under a predetermined pressure in the hydrolysis treatment zone, and the organic waste is hydrolyzed in the hydrolysis treatment zone to produce a hydrolyzed substance, i.e., semi-carbonized material as the treatment result of the organic waste.

[0058] For example, water vapor is introduced into the inner space, a hydrothermal reaction temperature in the subcritical reaction range of water is adopted, and a hydrothermal reaction zone is formed in which the hydrothermal reaction pressure is within 2.5 MPa, typically within 0.3 to 3.5 MPa, and the hydrothermal reaction time is controlled to an appropriately set value, and the organic waste is hydrolyzed to produce a semi-carbonized powder, which is a powdered hydrolysis-treated substance.

[0059] The introduction of water vapor into the inner space is stopped, and the water vapor in the inner space is discharged to the outside.

[0060] In the drying and semi-carbonization treatment area, a semi-carbonized powder treatment temperature obtained from the type of raw material to be treated and the calorific value multiple is set under a predetermined pressure, and a semi-carbonized powder material having a predetermined calorific value relative to the calorific value of the organic waste is produced from the hydrolysis treatment material using a semi-carbonized hydrothermal reaction treatment.

[0061] Within the outer space, a torrefaction zone is formed where the carbonization temperature is within the range of 150-220°C and the treatment time is controlled, and torrefaction pellets are formed from the hydrolysis-treated material through hydrothermal reaction, typically using a high-heat-generating hydrothermal reaction process. The torrefaction pellets are then dried, torrefied, and powdered into a hydrothermal reaction solid, called a torrefaction product. A portion of the torrefaction product may be used for other purposes.

[0062] The organic waste is widely known to have a moisture content of 35-50% and a calorific value of 3,300 kcal / kg. A lower calorific value of 3,040 kcal / kg has been reported. In the present invention, wood chips with a calorific value of 3,300 kcal / kg are used as the reference wood chips when calculating the calorific value multiple. The inventors' analysis also confirmed that semi-carbonized wood chips have a calorific value of 3,300 kcal / kg.

[0063] According to experiments conducted by the inventors, it was confirmed that the provision of a torrefaction pellet forming system makes it possible to produce torrefied wood chips that have a calorific value 1.25 times that of the 3,300 kcal / kg that is inherent in torrefaction. The carbon content of wood chips, which is around 50%, increases to over 60% in the torrefied wood chips after hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a high energy content.

[0064] A semi-carbonized powder treatment region can be formed by controlling the treatment time at a semi-carbonized temperature of 150 to 220°C.

[0065] When the powdery particulate semi-carbonized material is obtained, a semi-carbonized pellet based on a hydrothermal reaction can be formed, which is mainly composed of the semi-carbonized material described above and is an aggregate of the powdery particulate semi-carbonized material after hydrothermal reaction semi-carbonization.

[0066] The semi-carbonized powder after the hydrothermal reaction is recovered in a semi-carbonized powder recovery device 141, and harmful substances are rendered harmless and reduced in volume 142.

[0067] And, High calorific value resource: Production of semi-carbonized powder with a calorific value multiple of 1.25, preferably 1.5 or more, for the calorific value of wood chips. - Carbon dioxide, dioxin and odor suppression is achieved.

[0068] In this embodiment, a subcritical water reaction apparatus 5 is used.

[0069] The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel. The inner space within the cylindrical container and the outer space formed between the inner cylindrical container and the outer cylindrical container are referred to as the inner cylindrical container. Compartmentalized by a cylindrical container, a first heating means for introducing steam into the inner space and directly heating the inner space, and a second heating means for directly heating the outer space and indirectly heating the inner space; a hydrolysis treatment zone in which a hydrothermal reaction by hydrolysis is carried out under a hydrothermal reaction pressure can be formed in the internal space by a first heating means; The internal space is heated by a second heating means under a predetermined pressure to form a hydrolysis treatment area. It is possible to form a drying and semi-carbonizing treatment area.

[0070] Furthermore, a system is configured which includes a subcritical water reactor 5 using a pressure vessel with a double-pipe configuration, a hydrothermal reaction treatment and semi-carbonization powder treatment system 6, and the subcritical water reactor 5, and which uses the subcritical water reactor 5 as a heating means, i.e., a system which uses a heat source such as a boiler.

[0071] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of another subcritical water reaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] The configuration of the subcritical water reaction apparatus 5 is substantially the same as the configuration of the subcritical water reaction apparatus shown in FIG.

[0073] 3, a heater 117 is provided in an external space 107, and a heating power supply 102A is provided in parallel with a boiler 102. The heating power supply 102A is connected to a control device 105 via an electric circuit and is controlled to be turned on and off.

[0074] The heater 117 is electrically heated by the supply of electricity from the heating power supply 102A.

[0075] 2 in that the outer space 107 is heated by a heat medium such as a heater 117 instead of steam heat. However, the same applies to the hydrolysis treatment of the material to produce torrefied pellets by hydrothermal reaction, typically dried and torrefied hydrothermal torrefied pellets with a high calorific value.

[0076] Similar to the previous example, water vapor is introduced into the inner space to form a low-temperature hydrolysis treatment area in which the temperature is controlled to the subcritical reaction range of water and the hydrothermal reaction pressure is within 3.5 MPa, typically within 2.5 MPa, and the hydrothermal reaction time is appropriately set, and the wood is hydrolyzed to form a powdered hydrolysis-treated substance called semi-carbonized material. However, the difference is that a low-temperature drying and semi-carbonization treatment area in the outer space, in which the semi-carbonization temperature is above the hydrothermal reaction temperature but within 220°C, and the treatment time is controlled, is electrically heated and formed by heater 117 supplied with electricity from heating power source 102A.

[0077] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between temperature X and weight loss rate Y on an XY coordinate system when the raw material is carbonized.

[0078] This is a diagram showing the relationship between the processing temperature X and the weight change Y of the processing material, with the XY axis coordinates representing the processing temperature X and the weight change Y of the processing material.When the organic waste, which is the processing raw material, is carbonized, it is known that the relationship between the temperature X and the weight loss rate Y is expressed as an S-shaped curve on the XY axis coordinates, which can be divided into three sections: the shoulder part of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the part of the rapid weight loss, the part of the S-shaped curve where the rapid weight loss ends and the end part of the S-shaped curve where the rapid weight loss ends and the gradual decrease line.

[0079] In heat treatment (dry distillation) where the raw material is kept free of air, the weight change is known to follow a course similar to the treatment temperature and weight change curve of the organic waste material, the so-called pyrolysis curve (dry distillation curve), shown in Figure 4. Here, the horizontal axis represents the heating temperature, i.e., the treatment temperature, and the vertical axis represents the weight percentage of the remaining solid (residual carbon) relative to the original organic waste material. The decrease in residual carbon occurs most rapidly around 250°C, and continues slowly even at temperatures above 400°C, eventually resulting in a carbonized product of about 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 the weight. Here, the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line that continues to the part where the weight suddenly decreases is called region (1), the part of the S-curve where the weight suddenly decreases is called region (2), and the part of the gradual weight loss line that ends at the S-curve is called region (3).

[0080] The International Energy Agency (IEA) defines "torrefaction" as "heat treatment carried out at 250 to 320°C in a reduced-oxygen atmosphere," and traditionally, semi-carbide formation was carried out at temperatures in the (2) region.

[0081] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the semi-carbonization process of the organic waste that has been solidified into smaller molecules that form organic waste biomaterial and the other smaller molecules to which the solidified organic waste has adhered, on the XY axis coordinate system.

[0082] The low-temperature semi-carbonization treatment associated with the subcritical water reaction treatment will now be described.

[0083] Low-temperature semi-carbonization is performed in the (1) region. Semi-carbonization in the (1) region is possible by performing subcritical water reaction treatment.

[0084] In FIG. 5, in process (1), hydrolysis treatment (subcritical water reaction treatment) is carried out using superheated steam to break down the organic waste into smaller molecules.

[0085] The temperature used is the subcritical water reaction temperature, preferably 230 to 240°C, but is not limited to this temperature.

[0086] In process (2), the wood is semi-carbonized at low temperatures.

[0087] By going from process (1) to process (2), semi-carbonization is performed at a low temperature.

[0088] 1st stage: Temperature treatment at 150-220℃ In order to liquefy a portion of the organic waste, the waste is heated to this temperature and maintained at this temperature, and some of the organic waste is liquefied. Some of the organic waste is vaporized. The liquefied portion of the organic waste is present among the other organic waste that has been reduced to low molecular weight.

[0089] Second stage: Temperature treatment at 110-130℃ By lowering the temperature to this temperature, a portion of the liquefied organic waste solidifies and adheres to the other organic waste that has been reduced to low molecular weight.

[0090] These two processes result in semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial.

[0091] Semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial: The main components are solidified low molecular weight organic waste and other non-solidified low molecular weight organic waste.

[0092] The process (3) involves the production of organic waste pellets.

[0093] The resulting semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is then used to produce organic waste pellets.

[0094] This semi-carbonization process is carried out at a temperature of 150-220°C, which is lower than the temperature range used in conventional semi-carbonization processes, and therefore semi-carbonized material that retains 90-95% of the heat value of the organic waste before processing can be obtained in an extremely short time.

[0095] Below, a description will be given of photographs taken when the organic waste was subjected to subcritical water reaction treatment in accordance with this example. Two photographs are shown for each case. The top photograph shows the state before subcritical water reaction treatment, and the bottom photograph shows the state after treatment. Here, "treatment" refers to subcritical water reaction treatment, in which some of the solidified organic waste that has been treated with subcritical water reaction and broken down into smaller molecules adheres to other smaller organic waste molecules, forming a slightly dark, semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. Figure 6 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of cow dung. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the cow manure has been treated with subcritical water reaction, broken down into smaller molecules, and some of the broken down molecules have solidified and adhered to the other broken down but not solidified cow manure, forming a semi-carbonized cow manure biomaterial. Figure 7 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of urban waste (a mixture of paper, wood chips, plastics, and food waste). By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the subcritical water reaction treatment breaks down the food residue into smaller molecules, and some of the smaller molecules solidify and adhere to the other smaller molecules that have not solidified, forming semi-carbonized food residue biomaterial. Figure 8 is a microscopic photograph taken in the case of tea grounds. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the tea grounds that have been treated with subcritical water have been broken down into smaller molecules, and some of the smaller molecules have solidified and adhered to the other smaller molecules that have not solidified, forming semi-carbonized tea grounds biomaterial. FIG. 9 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of coffee grounds. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the coffee grounds treated with the subcritical water reaction have been broken down into smaller molecules, and that some of the smaller molecules have solidified and adhered to the other coffee grounds that have been broken down into smaller molecules but have not solidified, forming a semi-carbonized coffee grounds biomaterial. FIG. 10 is a microscopic photograph taken in the case of tofu dregs. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the tofu dregs that were subjected to the subcritical water reaction treatment were broken down into smaller molecules, and that some of the smaller molecules solidified and adhered to the other smaller molecules that had not solidified, forming a semi-carbonized tofu dregs biomaterial. Figure 11 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of rice husk. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the rice husks that were treated with the subcritical water reaction were broken down into smaller molecules, and some of the broken down rice husks solidified and adhered to the other broken down but not solidified rice husks, forming semi-carbonized rice husk biomaterial. Figure 12 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of vegetable waste. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the vegetable waste treated with the subcritical water reaction has been broken down into smaller molecules, and some of the broken down vegetable waste has solidified and adhered to the other broken down but not solidified vegetable waste, forming semi-carbonized vegetable waste biomaterial. Figure 13 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of bamboo waste. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the bamboo waste material has been broken down into smaller molecules after the subcritical water reaction treatment, and that some of the broken down bamboo waste material has solidified and adhered to the other broken down but not solidified bamboo waste material, forming semi-carbonized bamboo waste biomaterial. Figure 14 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of a scallop uro. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the scallop uroe treated with the subcritical water reaction have been broken down into smaller molecules, and some of the broken down fish residue has solidified and adhered to the other broken down but not solidified scallop uroe, forming semi-carbonized scallop uroe. Figure 15 shows a microscopic photograph taken in the case of clothing waste. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the clothing waste that has been treated with subcritical water reaction has been broken down into smaller molecules, some of the smaller molecules have solidified, and other smaller molecules have been broken down but have not solidified, forming solidified, semi-carbonized clothing waste. FIG. 16 shows a microscopic photograph obtained in the case of organic activated sludge. By comparing the two photographs, it can be seen that the organic activated sludge that has been treated with subcritical water reaction has been broken down into smaller molecules, and that some of the broken down organic activated sludge has coagulated and adhered to the remaining broken down but not coagulated organic activated sludge, forming semi-carbonized tofu sludge biomaterial. Although examples of organic wastes containing a single substance are shown in FIGS. 6 to 16, similar micrographs can be obtained for mixtures of two or more types of organic wastes.

[0096] As can be seen in each photograph, the organic waste is made up of solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste and other non-solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste that are connected together in an organized manner with no gaps.

[0097] In the case of wood biopellets, they are black overall, indicating that they have been semi-carbonized.

[0098] In this way, the micrograph shows the solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste in question connected together with other non-solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste in question, in an orderly state with no voids.

[0099] Therefore, according to the present invention, a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is provided in which the solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste is connected together with other non-solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste, and is formed in an orderly manner without any voids.

[0100] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the optimum semi-carbonization process.

[0101] When organic waste biomaterials treated in subcritical water are torrefied, the amount of carbon produced varies depending on the temperature.

[0102] FIG. 17 shows the optimum range in which a large amount of carbon is obtained in the temperature range of 180 to 200°C, the low temperature range in which an increased amount of carbon is obtained in the temperature range of 150 to 180°C, which is practical but the amount of carbon is small, and the high temperature range in which an increased amount of carbon is obtained in the temperature range of 180 to 220°C, which is practical but the amount of carbon is small.

[0103] The semi-carbonization treatment is carried out by selecting an appropriate temperature within the temperature range of 150 to 220°C.

[0104] For example, 190°C is selected to produce organic waste biomaterial with a calorific value of 5330 kcal / kg.

[0105] In the temperature range of 150 to 180°C or 180 to 220°C, it is possible to produce organic waste biomaterials with a calorific value of, for example, 4000 kcal / kg, which is less than the maximum calorific value of 5330 kcal / kg, but greater than the 3300 kcal / kg of wood chips.

[0106] FIG. 18 shows the produced organic waste biopellets.

[0107] Figure 18(1) shows a single organic waste biopellet, and Figure 18(2) shows an aggregated organic waste biopellet.

[0108] Organic waste biopellets are produced from the organic waste biomaterial.

[0109] In FIG. 18(1), the produced organic waste biopellets are cylindrical with a diameter of 6 mm and made of powdered semi-carbonized material.

[0110] One of its characteristics is that the torrefied organic waste biomaterial has a high calorific value of, for example, 5,330 kcal / kg, compared to the calorific value of 3,300 kcal / kg of typical wood chips.

[0111] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a process for producing an organic waste biofuel body.

[0112] FIG. 19(1) is a diagram showing the process of producing an organic waste biofuel body, and FIG. 19(2) is a partially enlarged view of the solid body.

[0113] An organic waste biofuel production system using a semi-carbonized carbonization production device that is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device and that produces semi-carbonized carbonization from the organic waste used as a processing raw material by forming semi-carbonized carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to other smaller molecules of the organic waste in the subcritical water reaction treatment device, In the subcritical water reaction treatment device, solid semi-carbonized carbonized material and powder semi-carbonized carbonized material are produced from the organic waste, and these are mixed to produce organic waste biofuel. Organic waste biofuel production device using semi-carbonized carbon production device characterized by is used.

[0114] As the raw organic waste material for treatment, organic waste in the form of chips was used. Of course, powdered organic waste can be used instead of the organic waste in the form of chips. The subcritical water reaction treatment of the organic waste 1 using the subcritical water reaction treatment device 5 shown in FIG. 1 maintains the shape of the organic waste chips of the organic waste 1, reduces the external dimensions, and forms easily crushable solid bodies 51 and powder bodies 52.

[0115] As shown in Figure 19(2), the solidified low-molecular-weight organic waste in question was connected to other non-solidified low-molecular-weight organic waste in question, and voids 64 due to the subcritical water hot water treatment were observed.

[0116] The powder 52 is collected 53 and the organic waste biopellets 7 are produced by the organic waste biopellet production device 6 as described above.

[0117] In producing the organic waste biopellets 7, a powder formed by pulverizing a part of the solid body 51 may be mixed with the powder 52 and used.

[0118] The solid bodies 51 are aggregated 54 to form solid fuel bodies 55 .

[0119] The organic waste biopellets 7 and the solid fuel bodies 55 are mixed to form organic waste biofuel bodies 56 , which are stored in the silo 11 of the gasification furnace 12 and then fed into the gasification furnace 12 .

[0120] The subcritical water reaction treatment device is used to produce semi-carbonized carbonized solid material and semi-carbonized carbonized powder material from the organic waste, and these materials are mixed to produce organic waste biofuel. This organic waste biofuel production device uses a semi-carbonized carbonized material production device.

[0121] FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the gasification treatment of organic waste biopellets.

[0122] In Figure 4, the organic waste is usually expressed as an S-shaped curve where the temperature X and the weight loss rate Y on the XY axis coordinate system are divided into three sections: the shoulder part of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the part where the weight suddenly decreases, the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight suddenly decreases, and the end part of the S-shaped curve where the weight suddenly decreases and the gradual decrease line.

[0123] As mentioned above, the carbon content of the organic waste, which is about 50% of the elemental composition, increases to over 60% in the semi-carbonized material after hydrothermal reaction, resulting in high energy content.

[0124] After the processes (1) to (3) shown in Figure 5, the gasification process of the organic waste biopellets (process (4)) and the process (5) for power generation are carried out. The gasification process of the organic waste biopellets is completed by the processes (1) to (5). Produced gas: 10Mj / Nm mainly composed of methane 3 Gases with energies of more than 25 Mj / Nm are produced. 3 The data obtained for each case is as follows: Example: Cow dung 33Mj / Nm 3 Example: Municipal waste (mixture of paper, wood chips, plastic, and food waste) 25-40Mj / Nm 3 Example: Tea waste example 23Mj / Nm 3 Example: Coffee grounds 27Mj / Nm 3 Example: Tofu dregs 27Mj / Nm 3 Example: Rice husk example 26Mj / Nm 3 Example: Vegetable waste 25Mj / Nm 3 Example: Bamboo waste 23Mj / Nm 3 Example: Scallop uro example 25Mj / Nm 3 Example: Clothing waste: 20-35Mj / Nm 3 Example: Organic activated sludge 23-27Mj / Nm 3

[0125] By forming semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial from the shoulder area, which is mainly composed of the solidified, low-molecular-weight organic waste and other non-solidified, low-molecular-weight, integrated organic waste, it is possible to obtain semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial that retains 90-95% of the heat value before treatment.

[0126] The temperature is adjusted to the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a predetermined time and pressure is applied to liquefy and solidify a portion of the organic waste, which then adheres to the other components of the low-molecular-weight organic waste, forming organic waste biomaterial, which is then torrefied. generating organic waste biopellets from the pretreated organic waste biomaterial using an organic waste biopellet manufacturing apparatus; The organic waste biopellets are fed into the biogasification furnace and biogasification of the organic waste is carried out for a predetermined time under a predetermined pressure at a temperature set in the temperature range of 230 to 600°C, which is set at the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight suddenly decreases.

[0127] FIG. 21 is an XY coordinate diagram illustrating the temperature range employed in this embodiment.

[0128] In FIG. 13, the first and second stage processes are shown.

[0129] The first stage treatment refers to the treatment area where the torrefaction of the present invention takes place.

[0130] The second stage of treatment is gasification treatment, i.e., gasification treatment by superheated steam reaction. On the XY axis coordinates, area (1) is shown in the first stage processing, and areas (2) and (3) are shown in the second stage processing.

[0131] The first stage treatment consists of a temperature range of 150 to 220°C and a temperature range of 110 to 130°C, and the torrefaction of the present invention is carried out in the first stage treatment.

[0132] A temperature range of 150 to 220°C forms semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, in which some of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and attached to other smaller molecules of the organic waste.

[0133] This temperature range is also where some of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules liquefies and volatilizes, with most of it liquefied and some evaporating.

[0134] The temperature range of 110 to 130°C is the temperature range in which some of the liquefied low molecular weight organic waste solidifies and adheres to the other low molecular weight organic waste.

[0135] The treatment (2) in FIG. 5 is carried out in the temperature range of 150 to 220°C in the first stage treatment and in the temperature range of 110 to 130°C.

[0136] The treatment (4) in FIG. 12 is carried out in the temperature range of 230 to 600° C. in the second stage treatment.

[0137] In a conventional example of torrefaction, it has been proposed to perform torrefaction at a temperature of 200 to 320°C.

[0138] Although the temperature range for the torrefaction of the present invention is partly lapped at 200 to 220°C, the present invention differs in that the temperature range for the torrefaction of the present invention is set after performing the process (1) in Fig. 5. That is, the present invention is characterized by having a step of performing subcritical water reaction treatment to set the temperature range for the torrefaction of the present invention.

[0139] (2) Regarding area selection: A temperature between 230 and 450°C is selected.

[0140] (3) Regarding area selection: A temperature between 450 and 600°C is selected.

[0141] FIG. 22 is a diagram showing steps of a method for producing biogas from organic waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] First stage processing Pretreatment by subcritical water treatment reaction: The organic waste material is fed into the subcritical water reaction treatment device. Subcritical water reaction treatment of organic waste to reduce molecular weight The organic waste biomaterial after the subcritical water reaction treatment is subjected to pretreatment.

[0143] Torrefaction process: A part of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to other smaller molecules of the organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized, carbonized organic waste biomaterial.

[0144] Through these processes, the organic waste is semi-carbonized to produce semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial.

[0145] The organic waste biopellets are then produced.

[0146] Second stage processing Methane gas, i.e. biogas production from organic waste The organic waste biopellets produced in the first stage are fed into a wood biogasification furnace. Generate organic waste biopellets, i.e. methane gas, while suppressing hydrogen concentration The gasification process is carried out.

[0147] Gas temperature: 230~600℃ Processing time: 15-60 minutes [Explanation of symbols]

[0148] 100...methane generation system, 1...organic waste (processing material), 2...biopellet manufacturing equipment, 3...biogas production equipment, 4...superheated steam generator, 5...subcritical water reaction equipment, 6...organic waste biopellet manufacturing equipment, 7...organic waste biopellets (torrefaction pellets), 8...transport means, 11...silo, 12...superheated steam gasifier (referred to as gasifier), 13...bag filter, 14...buffer tank, 15...gas engine, 16...superheated steam generator, 17...generator, 19...carbonized material discharge device, 20...carbonized material, 21...fuel, 22...methane generation, 23...branching device, 24...reforming device, 25...hydrogen storage container, 51...solid material, 52...powder, 55...solid fuel body, 56...organic waste biofuel body.

Claims

1. In this organic waste biogas generation system, organic waste (excluding wood waste) consisting of raw materials for processing, such as animal droppings, municipal waste, agricultural or fishery product residues, organic waste materials from construction materials, and organic sludge, is produced as semi-carbonized carbonized material, and the semi-carbonized carbonized material is gasified in a gasifier. The system is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste biopellet generator, and an organic waste biogasifier, and the subcritical water reaction treatment device forms a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which some of the solidified low-molecular-weight organic waste adheres to other low-molecular-weight organic waste. The organic waste biopellet generator generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, and the organic waste biogasifier generates methane from the organic waste biopellets. A methane generation system comprising:

2. 2. The methane generation system according to claim 1, The method comprises producing the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial consisting of a solid body and a powder, forming organic waste biopellets from a mixture of the powder or a powder produced from a part of the solid body, forming an organic waste biofuel body from the solid body and the organic waste biopellets, and feeding the organic waste biofuel body into the organic waste biogasification furnace to produce methane. A methane generation system comprising:

3. In a methane generation system, a semi-carbonized carbonized material is generated from the organic waste, and the semi-carbonized carbonized material is used in a gasification furnace to generate methane. The apparatus comprises a subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus, an organic waste biopellet generator, and an organic waste biogasifier, the subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus comprising an inlet for feeding organic waste as a treatment raw material, a pressure vessel having an outlet for removing the generated semi-carbonized carbonized material, and a heat source for the subcritical water reaction treatment and the semi-carbonization treatment; The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and an inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel and an outer space formed between the inner cylindrical vessel and the outer cylindrical vessel are partitioned by the inner cylindrical vessel; forming a first heating means for introducing steam into the internal space and heating the internal space; forming a second heating means for heating the interior of the inner space in the outer space; The organic waste is decomposed into smaller molecules in the subcritical water reaction treatment device to produce a subcritical water reaction-treated organic waste biomaterial. When the organic waste is carbonized, the relationship between the temperature X and the weight loss rate Y is expressed as an S-shaped curve on the XY coordinate system, which is divided into three sections: the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the sudden weight loss, the S-shaped curve of sudden weight loss, and the end of the S-shaped curve of the gradual weight loss line where the sudden weight loss ends. The temperature in the inner space by the second heating means is set to the temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is formed in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into low molecular weight molecules is solidified and fixed to other low molecular weight organic waste molecules, The organic waste biopellet generating device generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, In the organic waste biogasification furnace, methane is produced from the organic waste biopellets at a temperature set at the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight rapidly decreases, or at a temperature set at the outlet part of the S-shaped curve where the weight gradually decreases. A methane generation system comprising:

4. An organic waste biofuel production system using a semi-carbonized carbonization production device that is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device and that produces semi-carbonized carbonization from organic waste as a processing raw material by forming semi-carbonized carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into low molecular weight molecules is solidified and fixed to other low molecular weight organic waste in the subcritical water reaction treatment device, In the subcritical water reaction treatment device, solid semi-carbonized carbonized material and powder semi-carbonized carbonized material are produced from the organic waste, and these are mixed to produce organic waste biofuel. An organic waste biofuel production device using a semi-carbonized carbon production device characterized by the above.

5. 5. The semi-carbonized carbonized material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the semi-carbonized carbonized material is an organic waste biomaterial fuel body. The semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is composed of a solid body that retains the original shape of the organic waste and a powder-like powder, and organic waste biopellets are formed from the powder-like powder, and an organic waste fuel body is formed from the solid body and the organic waste biopellets. A semi-carbonized carbide manufacturing device characterized by the above.

6. In the semi-carbonized carbonization manufacturing apparatus for producing semi-carbonized carbonization from the organic waste, a subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus, the subcritical water reaction treatment apparatus comprising: an inlet for introducing the organic waste as a treatment raw material; a pressure vessel having an outlet for removing the semi-carbonized carbonized material; and a heat source for the subcritical water reaction treatment and the semi-carbonization treatment; The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and an inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel and an outer space formed between the inner cylindrical vessel and the outer cylindrical vessel are partitioned by the inner cylindrical vessel; a first heating means for introducing steam into the inner space and heating the inner space, and performing a subcritical water reaction treatment by hydrolysis; forming a second heating means for heating the interior of the inner space in the outer space; The organic waste is decomposed into smaller molecules in the subcritical water reaction treatment device to produce a subcritical water reaction-treated organic waste biomaterial. When the organic waste is carbonized, the relationship between the temperature X and the weight loss rate Y is expressed as an S-shaped curve on the XY coordinate system, which is divided into three sections: the shoulder of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the sudden weight loss, the S-shaped curve of sudden weight loss, and the end of the S-shaped curve of the gradual weight loss line where the sudden weight loss ends. The temperature in the inner space by the second heating means is set to the temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a part of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules and solidified is fixed to the other smaller molecules of the organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. A semi-carbonized carbide manufacturing device characterized by the above.

7. In the method for producing semi-carbonized carbonized material from the organic waste, The apparatus is equipped with a subcritical water reaction treatment device, and in the subcritical water reaction treatment device, a part of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to other smaller molecules of the organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. A method for producing semi-carbonized carbide, characterized by:

8. 8. The method for producing semi-carbonized carbide according to claim 7, The semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is produced, which is made up of a solid body and a powder-like powder, and organic waste biopellets are formed from a mixture of the powder or powder produced from a part of the solid body, and an organic waste biofuel body is formed from the solid body and the organic waste biopellets. A method for producing semi-carbonized carbide, characterized by:

9. In the method for generating methane using a methane generation system, a semi-carbonized carbonized material is generated from the organic waste and the semi-carbonized carbonized material is gasified in a gasification furnace, The apparatus comprises a subcritical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste biopellet generator, and an organic waste biogasifier, the subcritical water reaction treatment device being provided with a pressure vessel having an inlet for feeding the organic waste and an outlet for removing the semi-carbonized carbonized material produced, and a heat source for the subcritical water reaction treatment and the semi-carbonization treatment; The pressure vessel is composed of an outer cylindrical vessel and an inner cylindrical vessel, and an inner space within the inner cylindrical vessel and an outer space formed between the inner cylindrical vessel and the outer cylindrical vessel are partitioned by the inner cylindrical vessel; a first heating means for introducing steam into the internal space and heating the internal space; a second heating means for heating the inner space in the outer space; The organic waste is decomposed into smaller molecules in the subcritical water reaction treatment device to produce a subcritical water reaction-treated organic waste biomaterial. When the temperature X and the weight loss rate Y of the organic waste are expressed on the XY coordinate system as an S-shaped curve that can be divided into three sections: the shoulder part of the gradual weight loss line that continues into the part where the weight suddenly decreases, the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight suddenly decreases, and the end part of the S-shaped curve where the weight suddenly decreases and the gradual decrease line ends, The temperature in the inner space is raised by the second heating means to the temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve, and a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial is formed in which a portion of the solidified organic waste that has been reduced in molecular weight from the organic waste that has been treated with subcritical water reaction is fixed to the other reduced molecular weight organic waste. The organic waste biopellet generating device generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, In the organic waste biogasification furnace, methane is produced from the organic waste biopellets at a temperature set at the part of the S-shaped curve where the weight decreases rapidly, or at a temperature set at the outlet part of the S-shaped curve where the weight decreases gradually. A method for producing methane gas using a methane production system comprising:

10. 10. The method for producing methane gas using the methane production system according to claim 9, The temperature of the shoulder of the S-shaped curve is formed from a temperature range of 150 to 220°C and a temperature range of 110 to 130°C, and in the temperature range of 150 to 220°C, some of the solidified low-molecular organic waste is liquefied, and in the temperature range of 110 to 130°C, some of the low-molecular organic waste is fixed to other low-molecular organic waste, forming a semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial. A method for producing methane gas using a methane production system comprising:

11. A hydrogen generation system that generates semi-carbonized carbon from the organic waste, gasifies the semi-carbonized carbon in a gasification furnace to generate methane, and generates hydrogen from the methane, The system comprises a subcritical water reaction treatment device, an organic waste biopellet generator, and an organic waste biogasifier, wherein the subcritical water reaction treatment device forms semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial in which a portion of the organic waste that has been broken down into smaller molecules is solidified and fixed to other smaller molecules of the organic waste, the organic waste biopellet generator generates organic waste biopellets from the semi-carbonized organic waste biomaterial, and the organic waste biogasifier generates methane from the organic waste biopellets, Producing hydrogen from the methane A hydrogen generation system characterized by:

Images